Gene Association: PPARG

(-)-Arctiin

C27H34O11 (534.2101)

Natural compounds from herbs are recognized as an important source of therapeutic agents. Seeking for natural products with high selectivity and less side effects merits considerable efforts. Arctium lappa, also known as burdock, is widely consumed in East Asia, Europe and America to promote well-being for hundreds of years. In Chinese traditional medicine, Arctium lappa (mainly roots, and, to a less extend, seeds and leaves) is an important herbal medicinal preparation. It is commonly used for alleviating symptoms of inflammatory disorders, such as anemopyretic cold, cough, measles, urticaria and furuncle (Shin et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2009). In addition, Arctium lappa is applied to treat various skin disorders including eczema and acne (Chan et al., 2011; Miglani and Manchanda, 2014). Lignans are the most characteristic phytoconstituents of Arctium lappa. Among them, ATG (Formula:C21H24O6; PubChem CID:64,981) and its glycoside, arctiin are the major bioactive compounds (Fig. 1). ATG, rich in roots and seeds of Arctium lappa, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its prominent therapeutic potential. It possesses many biological activities such as anti-oxidative stress (Lü et al., 2016), anti-cancer (He et al., 2018; Shabgah et al., 2021), anti-virus (Gao et al., 2018a) and anti-inflammation (Hyam et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2009). Significant curative effects of ATG have been demonstrated on a wide range of human diseases including cancers, autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, viral infections and other health concerns. The bioactivity of ATG largely depend on its chemical structure. For instance, the chiral carbon atom in the lactone ring is essential for the anti-tumor effect of ATG as (–)-arctigenin exhibits greater tumor suppression effect than (+)-arctigenin (Awale et al., 2014). Furthermore, the dibenzyl butyrolactone is key for the interactions between ATG and proteins. (-)-arctiin is a member of the class of compounds known as lignan glycosides. Lignan glycosides are aromatic polycyclic compounds containing a carbohydrate component glycosidically linked to a lignan moiety. They include 1-aryltetralin lactones (-)-arctiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-arctiin can be found in burdock, which makes (-)-arctiin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Arctiin is a glycoside and a lignan. Arctiin is a natural product found in Abeliophyllum distichum, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available. Arctiin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=20362-31-6 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 20362-31-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity. Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.

Ginsenoside A2

C42H72O14 (800.4922)

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent and a pro-angiogenic agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a ginsenoside and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rg1 Appears to be most abundant in Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean Ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity. Ginsenoside RG1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Panax ginseng, and Panax notoginseng with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). Ginsenoside A2 is found in tea. Ginsenoside A2 is a constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng) Constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Ginsenoside A2 is found in tea. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Scopoletin

C10H8O4 (192.0423)

Scopoletin is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6. It has a role as a plant growth regulator and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an umbelliferone. Scopoletin is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. Scopoletin is a coumarin compound found in several plants including those in the genus Scopolia and the genus Brunfelsia, as well as chicory (Cichorium), redstem wormwood (Artemisia scoparia), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), passion flower (Passiflora), noni (Morinda citrifolia fruit) and European black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) that is comprised of umbelliferone with a methoxy group substituent at position 6. Scopoletin is used to standardize and establish pharmacokinetic properties for products derived from the plants that produce it, such as noni extract. Although the mechanism(s) of action have not yet been established, this agent has potential antineoplastic, antidopaminergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase effects. Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica. See also: Arnica montana Flower (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of); Viburnum opulus root (part of). Isolated from Angelica acutiloba (Dong Dang Gui). Scopoletin is found in many foods, some of which are lambsquarters, lemon, sunflower, and sherry. Scopoletin is found in anise. Scopoletin is isolated from Angelica acutiloba (Dong Dang Gui A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_20eV.txt Scopoletin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=92-61-5 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 92-61-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Stevioside

C38H60O18 (804.3779)

Stevioside is a diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America. It has a role as a sweetening agent, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a diterpene glycoside, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a bridged compound. It is functionally related to a steviol and a rubusoside. Stevioside is a natural product found in Asteraceae, Stevia rebaudiana, and Bos taurus with data available. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Stevioside is a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia). Sweetening agent which is 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevia rebaudiana is extensively cultivated in Japan, and Stevioside is a permitted sweetener in that country Rebaudioside B, D, and E may also be present in minute quantities; however, it is suspected that rebaudioside B is a byproduct of the isolation technique. The two majority compounds stevioside and rebaudioside, primarily responsible for the sweet taste of stevia leaves, were first isolated by two French chemists in 1931 A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America. Constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia). Sweetening agent which is 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevia rebaudiana is extensively cultivated in Japan, and Stevioside is a permitted sweetener in that country D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents Stevioside is a natural sweetener extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, with anticancer activity[1]. Stevioside is a natural sweetener extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, with anticancer activity[1]. Stevioside. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57817-89-7 (retrieved 2024-08-26) (CAS RN: 57817-89-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Umbelliferone

C9H6O3 (162.0317)

Umbelliferone is a hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. It has a role as a fluorescent probe, a plant metabolite and a food component. Umbelliferone is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Artemisia ordosica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Occurs widely in plants including Angelica subspecies Phytoalexin of infected sweet potato. Umbelliferone is found in many foods, some of which are macadamia nut, silver linden, quince, and capers. Umbelliferone is found in anise. Umbelliferone occurs widely in plants including Angelica species Phytoalexin of infected sweet potat A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_pos_50eV_CB000077.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_pos_40eV_CB000077.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_pos_30eV_CB000077.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_pos_10eV_CB000077.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_pos_20eV_CB000077.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_neg_40eV_000039.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_neg_10eV_000039.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_neg_30eV_000039.txt [Raw Data] CB220_Umbelliferone_neg_20eV_000039.txt Umbelliferone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=93-35-6 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 93-35-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent. Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent.

Danshensu

C9H10O5 (198.0528)

(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid is a (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (R)-lactic acid substituted at position 3 by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. It is a (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate. Danshensu is a natural product found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Melissa officinalis, and other organisms with data available. Salvianic acid A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=76822-21-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 76822-21-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Danshensu, an active ingredient of?Salvia miltiorrhiza, shows wide cardiovascular benefit by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Danshensu, an active ingredient of?Salvia miltiorrhiza, shows wide cardiovascular benefit by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Ginsenoside Rb1

C54H92O23 (1108.6029)

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an anti-obesity agent, an anti-inflammatory drug, an apoptosis inhibitor, a radical scavenger and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a glycoside and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a ginsenoside Rd. Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rb1 appears to be most abundant in Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng). Rb1 seems to affect the reproductive system in animal testicles. Recent research shows that Rb1 affects rat embryo development and has teratogenic effects, causing birth defects. Another study shows that Rb1 may increase testosterone production in male rats indirectly through the stimulation of the luteinizing hormone. Ginsenoside rb1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). Ginsenoside Rb1 is found in tea. Ginsenoside Rb1 is a constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng) Constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Ginsenoside Rb1 is found in tea. Ginsenoside Rb1. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=41753-43-9 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 41753-43-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 . Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 .

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2

C36H62O8 (622.4444)

(20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, a cardioprotective agent, a bone density conservation agent and a hepatoprotective agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 20-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rh2 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng with data available. A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

Angelicin

C11H6O3 (186.0317)

Angelicin is a furanocoumarin. Angelicin is a natural product found in Cullen cinereum, Psoralea glabra, and other organisms with data available. Angelicin is found in coriander. Angelicin is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica (Angelica archangelica). Angelicin is found in roots and on surface of parsnips and diseased celery.Angelicin is a furanocoumarin. It can be found in Bituminaria bituminosa. It is present in the list of IARC Group 3 carcinogens (Angelicin plus ultraviolet A radiation). (Wikipedia). See also: Angelica archangelica root (part of); Cullen corylifolium fruit (part of). Angelicin is found in coriander. Angelicin is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica (Angelica archangelica). Angelicin is found in roots and on surface of parsnips and diseased celery.Angelicin is a furanocoumarin. It can be found in Bituminaria bituminosa. It is present in the list of IARC Group 3 carcinogens (Angelicin plus ultraviolet A radiation). (Wikipedia). Constituent of roots and leaves of angelica (Angelica archangelica). Found in roots and on surface of parsnips and diseased celery D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007364 - Intercalating Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM). Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM).

Notoginsenoside R1

C47H80O18 (932.5344)

Notoginsenoside R1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inducer and a phytoestrogen. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a disaccharide derivative, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Notoginsenoside R1 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available. See also: Panax notoginseng root (part of). Notoginsenoside R1 is found in tea. Notoginsenoside R1 is a constituent of roots of Panax notoginseng (ginseng) Constituent of roots of Panax notoginseng (ginseng). Notoginsenoside R1 is found in tea. Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3]. Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3].

Quercitrin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Quercitrin, also known as quercimelin or quercitronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Quercitrin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Quercitrin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as lingonberries, american cranberries, and olives and in a lower concentration in common beans, tea, and welsh onions. Quercitrin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as guava, bilberries, common pea, apricots, and spearmints. Quercitrin is a quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antileishmanial agent, an EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative, a tetrahydroxyflavone, an alpha-L-rhamnoside and a quercetin O-glycoside. It is a conjugate acid of a quercitrin-7-olate. Quercitrin is a natural product found in Xylopia emarginata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available. Quercitrin is a glycoside formed from the flavonoid quercetin and the deoxy sugar rhamnose. It is a constituent of the dye quercitron. Quercitrin is found in many foods, some of which are garden tomato (variety), kiwi, italian sweet red pepper, and guava. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_40eV.txt Quercitrin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=522-12-3 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 522-12-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2].

Rosmarinic acid

C18H16O8 (360.0845)

Rosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. It is a red-orange powder that is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble is most organic solvents. Rosmarinic acid is one of the polyphenolic substances contained in culinary herbs such as perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). These herbs are commonly grown in the garden as kitchen herbs, and while used to add flavor in cooking, are also known to have several potent physiological effects (PMID: 12482446, 15120569). BioTransformer predicts that rosmarinic acid is a product of methylrosmarinic acid metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in humans and human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rosemary Oil (part of); Comfrey Root (part of); Holy basil leaf (part of) ... View More ... D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Isolated from rosemary, mint, sage, thyme, lemon balm and other plants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

Betulafolienetriol

C30H52O3 (460.3916)

Protopanaxadiol is found in tea. Sapogenin of Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2 and Re from Panax ginseng (ginseng) Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is an organic coumpound characterizing a group of ginsenosides. It is a dammarane-type tetracyclic terpene sapogenin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and in notoginseng (Panax pseudoginseng) (20S)-protopanaxadiol is a diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position. (20S)-Protopanaxadiol is a natural product found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Panax ginseng, and Aralia elata with data available. 20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD) is a metabolite of ginseng saponins, inhibits Akt activity and induces apoptosis in various tumor cells[1]. 20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD) is a metabolite of ginseng saponins, inhibits Akt activity and induces apoptosis in various tumor cells[1].

Abietic_acid

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

Yellowish resinous powder. (NTP, 1992) Abietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an abietane diterpenoid and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an abietate. Abietic acid is a natural product found in Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus, Pinus brutia var. eldarica, and other organisms with data available. An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8337 Abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Colophony, possesses antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy treatment[1][2]. Abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Colophony, possesses antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy treatment[1][2].

Epicatechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Epicatechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Catechin is a tannin peculiar to green and white tea because the black tea oxidation process reduces catechins in black tea. Catechin is a powerful, water soluble polyphenol and antioxidant that is easily oxidized. Several thousand types are available in the plant world. As many as two thousand are known to have a flavon structure and are called flavonoids. Catechin is one of them. Green tea is manufactured from fresh, unfermented tea leaves; the oxidation of catechins is minimal, and hence they are able to serve as antioxidants. Researchers believe that catechin is effective because it easily sticks to proteins, blocking bacteria from adhering to cell walls and disrupting their ability to destroy them. Viruses have hooks on their surfaces and can attach to cell walls. The catechin in green tea prevents viruses from adhering and causing harm. Catechin reacts with toxins created by harmful bacteria (many of which belong to the protein family) and harmful metals such as lead, mercury, chrome, and cadmium. From its NMR espectra, there is a doubt on 2 and 3 atoms configuration. It seems to be that they are in trans position. Epicatechin, also known as (+)-cyanidanol-3 or 2,3-cis-epicatechin, is a member of the class of compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Thus, epicatechin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Epicatechin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epicatechin can be found in cashew nut, which makes epicatechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Epicatechin can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Epicatechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant. It is a plant secondary metabolite. It belongs to the group of flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids . (-)-epicatechin is a catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a polyphenol and a catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epicatechin. Epicatechin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pre-diabetes. (-)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Litsea rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of); Cats Claw (part of) ... View More ... A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_20eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_50eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_40eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_10eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_30eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_50eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_30eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_10eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_40eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_20eV_000009.txt Epicatechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=490-46-0 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 490-46-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.

Echinocystic

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Echinocystic acid is a triterpenoid. Echinocystic acid is a natural product found in Cucurbita foetidissima, Eclipta alba, and other organisms with data available. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

Genistin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a genistein. It is a conjugate acid of a genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Genistin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Dalbergia sissoo, and other organisms with data available. Genistin is found in fruits. Genistin is present in soy foods. Potential nutriceutical. It is isolated from Prunus avium (wild cherry) Genistin is one of several known isoflavones. Genistin is found in a number of plants and herbs like soy Present in soy foods. Potential nutriceutical. Isolated from Prunus avium (wild cherry) Genistin (Genistine), an isoflavone belonging to the phytoestrogen family, is a potent anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic agent. Genistin attenuates cellular growth and promotes apoptotic cell death breast cancer cells through modulation of ERalpha signaling pathway[1][2][3]. Genistin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=529-59-9 (retrieved 2024-11-05) (CAS RN: 529-59-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Ginsenoside B2

C48H82O18 (946.5501)

Ginsenoside Re is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a disaccharide derivative and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside B2 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00781534 (A Clinical Trial of Ginseng in Diabetes). Ginsenoside Re is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Luffa aegyptiaca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). Ginsenoside B2 is found in tea. Ginsenoside B2 is a constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng) and Panax japonicum (Japanese ginseng) Constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng) and Panax japonicum (Japanese ginseng). Ginsenoside B2 is found in tea. Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.

Catechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Catechin, also known as cyanidanol or catechuic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Catechin also belongs to the group of compounds known as flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids. Catechin is one of the 4 catechin known diastereoisomers. Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin. The most common catechin isomer is the (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (-)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common epicatechin isomer is (-)-epicatechin. Catechin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Catechin is a bitter tasting compound and is associated with the bitterness in tea. Catechin is a plant secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Catechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both Catechin and (-)-Catechin (cis) forms. Outside of the human body, Catechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration in foods, such as blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), evergreen blackberries (Rubus laciniatus), and blackberries (Rubus) and in a lower concentration in dills (Anethum graveolens), hot chocolates, and medlars (Mespilus germanica). Catechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rice (Oryza sativa), apple ciders, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), fruit juices, and red teas. This could make catechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Catechin. (+)-catechin is the (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-catechin. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Cianidanol is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Catechin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Gallocatechin (related); Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of) ... View More ... Present in red wine. Widespread in plants; found in a variety of foodstuffs especies apricots, broad beans, cherries, chocolate, grapes, nectarines, red wine, rhubarb, strawberries and tea The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. Catechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=154-23-4 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 154-23-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Sarsasapogenin

C27H44O3 (416.329)

(25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol is a sapogenin. Sarsasapogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Narthecium ossifragum, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of Radix sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla root). Sarsasapogenin is found in asparagus, herbs and spices, and fenugreek. Sarsasapogenin is found in asparagus. Sarsasapogenin is a constituent of Radix sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla root) C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C823 - Saponin C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Sarsasapogenin is a sapogenin from the Chinese medical herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, with antidiabetic, anti-oxidative, anticancer and anti-inflamatory activities. Sarsasapogenin is a sapogenin from the Chinese medical herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, with antidiabetic, anti-oxidative, anticancer and anti-inflamatory activities.

5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a member of chromones. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a natural product found in Calluna vulgaris, Leucosidea sericea, and other organisms with data available. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is found in nuts. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is isolated from peanut shells. Isolated from peanut shells. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is found in peanut and nuts. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1]. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1].

(S)-Boldine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. (S)-Boldine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Boldine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient. (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].

Carnosol

C20H26O4 (330.1831)

Carnosol is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpene found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis, Labiatae). It has been known that an extract of rosemary leaves contains high antioxidative activity. Ninety percent of this antioxidative activity can be attributed to carnosol and carnosic acid. Carnosic acid is easily converted to carnosol by oxidation. Carnosol has multiple beneficial medicinal effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities in various disease models. Carnosol may possess important neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced DA neuronal damage. Naturally occurring antioxidants reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, carnosol and carnosic acid promoted the synthesis of nerve growth factor in glial cells. Carnosol-mediated neuroprotection in DA neurons is involved in the attenuation of caspase-3 activity, which was induced by rotenone. Furthermore, carnosol-mediated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) increase, which is dependent on the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway, is responsible for the neuroprotection in SN4741 DA cells. (PMID: 17047462). Carnosol, a phenolic diterpene compound of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, is an activator of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a ligand activated transcription factor, belonging to the metazoan family of nuclear hormone receptors. Activation of PPARgamma increases the transcription of enzymes involved in primary metabolism, leading to lower blood levels of fatty acids and glucose. Hence, PPARgamma represents the major target for the glitazone type of drugs currently being used clinically for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (PMID: 16858665). Bitter principle in Salvia carnosa, Salvia officinalis (sage), Salvia triloba (Greek sage) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). Nutriceutical with anticancer props. Carnosol is a diterpenoid. Carnosol is a natural product found in Podocarpus rumphii, Lepechinia salviae, and other organisms with data available.

(all-E)-Crocetin

C20H24O4 (328.1675)

Crocetin is a 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a carotenoic acid, a diterpenoid and a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a crocetin(2-). Vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma. Crocetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available. cis-Crocetin is found in herbs and spices. cis-Crocetin is occurs as glycoside in saffro COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Occurs as glycoside in saffron. cis-Crocetin is found in herbs and spices. D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Fucoxanthin

C42H58O6 (658.4233)

Fucoxanthin is an epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a CFTR potentiator, a food antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a hepatoprotective agent, a marine metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an epoxycarotenol, an acetate ester, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a member of allenes. Fucoxanthin is a natural product found in Aequipecten opercularis, Ascidia zara, and other organisms with data available. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid, with formula C40H60O6. It is found as an accessory pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs light primarily in the blue-green to yellow-green part of the visible spectrum, peaking at around 510-525 nm by various estimates and absorbing significantly in the range of 450 to 540 nm. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid, with formula C40H60O6. It is found as an accessory pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs light primarily in the blue-green to yellow-green part of the visible spectrum, peaking at around 510-525 nm by various estimates and absorbing significantly in the range of 450 to 540 nm. -- Wikipedia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3351-86-8 (retrieved 2024-11-06) (CAS RN: 3351-86-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Marmesin

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Marmesin is a member of psoralens and a tertiary alcohol. 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Zanthoxylum arnottianum, and other organisms with data available. Nodakenetin is found in wild celery. Nodakenetin is a constituent of Angelica species Constituent of Angelica subspecies Nodakenetin is found in wild celery. (+)-marmesin is a marmesin. It is an enantiomer of a nodakenetin. Marmesin is a natural product found in Coronilla scorpioides, Clausena dunniana, and other organisms with data available. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. (+)-Marmesin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13849-08-6 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 13849-08-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Geniposide

C17H24O10 (388.1369)

Geniposide is a terpene glycoside. Geniposide is a natural product found in Feretia apodanthera, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available. See also: Gardenia jasminoides whole (part of). Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids Annotation level-1 Geniposide is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardenia jasminoidesEllis fruits; exhibits a varity of biological activities such as anti-diabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities. Geniposide is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardenia jasminoidesEllis fruits; exhibits a varity of biological activities such as anti-diabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities.

Isoliquiritigenin

C15H12O4 (256.0736)

Isoliquiritigenin is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone hydroxylated at C-2, -4 and -4. It has a role as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, a biological pigment, a NMDA receptor antagonist, a GABA modulator, a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a trans-chalcone. It is a conjugate acid of an isoliquiritigenin(1-). Isoliquiritigenin is a precursor to several flavonones in many plants. Isoliquiritigenin is a natural product found in Pterocarpus indicus, Dracaena draco, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of); Pterocarpus marsupium wood (part of). Isolated from Medicago subspecies Isoliquiritigenin is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa bean, purple mangosteen, blackcurrant, and chives. A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone hydroxylated at C-2, -4 and -4. Isoliquiritigenin is found in pulses. Isoliquiritigenin is isolated from Medicago specie D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM. Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM.

Methyl hexadecanoic acid

C17H34O2 (270.2559)

Methyl hexadecanoate, also known as methyl palmitate or palmitic acid methyl ester, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. Fatty acid methyl esters are compounds containing a fatty acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=fatty aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Thus, methyl hexadecanoate is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Methyl hexadecanoate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Methyl hexadecanoate is a fatty, oily, and waxy tasting compound found in cloves, which makes methyl hexadecanoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Methyl hexadecanoate can be found primarily in saliva. Methyl hexadecanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. These are compounds containing a fatty acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=fatty aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl palmitate is a fatty acid methyl ester. It has a role as a metabolite. Methyl palmitate is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Neolitsea daibuensis. Methyl palmitate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-39-0 (retrieved 2024-07-03) (CAS RN: 112-39-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3]. Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3].

Biochanin A

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Biochanin A is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 4. A phytoestrogen, it has putative benefits in dietary cancer prophylaxis. It has a role as a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones and a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. It is a conjugate acid of a biochanin A(1-). Biochanin A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02174666 (Isoflavone Treatment for Postmenopausal Osteopenia.). biochanin A is a natural product found in Dalbergia oliveri, Dalbergia sissoo, and other organisms with data available. The phytoestrogen biochanin A is an isoflavone derivative isolated from red clover Trifolium pratense with anticarcinogenic properties. Treating MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells with biochanin A alone caused the accumulation of CYP1A1 mRNA and an increase in CYP1A1-specific 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a dose dependent manner. Biochanin A may be a natural ligand to bind on aryl hydrocarbon receptor acting as an antagonist/agonist of the pathway. (A7920). Biochanin A suppress nuclear factor-kappaB-driven interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. In addition to its physiologic immune function as an acute stress cytokine, sustained elevated expression levels of IL6 promote chronic inflammatory disorders, aging frailty, and tumorigenesis. (A7921). Biochanin A induces a decrease in invasive activity of U87MG cells in a dose-related manner. (A7922). Biochanin A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and adipocyte differentiation in vitro of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting potential value of isoflavones, especially biochanin A and their parent botanicals, as antidiabetic agents and for use in regulating lipid metabolism. (A7923). See also: Trifolium pratense flower (part of). The phytoestrogen biochanin A is an isoflavone derivative isolated from red clover Trifolium pratense with anticarcinogenic properties. Treating MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells with biochanin A alone caused the accumulation of CYP1A1 mRNA and an increase in CYP1A1-specific 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a dose dependent manner. Biochanin A may be a natural ligand to bind on aryl hydrocarbon receptor acting as an antagonist/agonist of the pathway. (PMID: 16903077). Biochanin A suppress nuclear factor-kappaB-driven interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. In addition to its physiologic immune function as an acute stress cytokine, sustained elevated expression levels of IL6 promote chronic inflammatory disorders, aging frailty, and tumorigenesis. (PMID: 16651441). Biochanin A induces a decrease in invasive activity of U87MG cells in a dose-related manner. (PMID: 16598420). Biochanin A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and adipocyte differentiation in vitro of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting potential value of isoflavones, especially biochanin A and their parent botanicals, as antidiabetic agents and for use in regulating lipid metabolism. (PMID: 16549448). A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 4. A phytoestrogen, it has putative benefits in dietary cancer prophylaxis. Widespread isoflavone found in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), chick peas (Cicer arietinum) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Glycosides also widespread. Potential nutriceutical D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9176; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9175 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4338; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4335 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9201; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9199 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9188; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9183 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4313; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4310 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9213; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9210 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4329; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4326 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9187; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9186 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4328; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4326 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4310; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4307 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 960; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9194 IPB_RECORD: 181; CONFIDENCE confident structure Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.

Carnitine

C7H15NO3 (161.1052)

(R)-carnitine is the (R)-enantiomer of carnitine. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a water-soluble vitamin (role), a nutraceutical, a nootropic agent and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-carnitinium. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-carnitine. Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. L-Carnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Levocarnitine is a Carnitine Analog. Levocarnitine is a natural product found in Mucidula mucida, Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, and other organisms with data available. Levocarnitine is an amino acid derivative. Levocarnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain. (NCI04) Carnitine is not an essential amino acid; it can be synthesized in the body. However, it is so important in providing energy to muscles including the heart-that some researchers are now recommending carnitine supplements in the diet, particularly for people who do not consume much red meat, the main food source for carnitine. Carnitine has been described as a vitamin, an amino acid, or a metabimin, i.e., an essential metabolite. Like the B vitamins, carnitine contains nitrogen and is very soluble in water, and to some researchers carnitine is a vitamin (Liebovitz 1984). It was found that an animal (yellow mealworm) could not grow without carnitine in its diet. However, as it turned out, almost all other animals, including humans, do make their own carnitine; thus, it is no longer considered a vitamin. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances-such as deficiencies of methionine, lysine or vitamin C or kidney dialysis--carnitine shortages develop. Under these conditions, carnitine must be absorbed from food, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as a metabimin or a conditionally essential metabolite. Like the other amino acids used or manufactured by the body, carnitine is an amine. But like choline, which is sometimes considered to be a B vitamin, carnitine is also an alcohol (specifically, a trimethylated carboxy-alcohol). Thus, carnitine is an unusual amino acid and has different functions than most other amino acids, which are most usually employed by the body in the construction of protein. Carnitine is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism in mammals. Its most important known metabolic function is to transport fat into the mitochondria of muscle cells, including those in the heart, for oxidation. This is how the heart gets most of its energy. In humans, about 25\\\\\% of carnitine is synthesized in the liver, kidney and brain from the amino acids lysine and methionine. Most of the carnitine in the body comes from dietary sources such as red meat and dairy products. Inborn errors of carnitine metabolism can lead to brain deterioration like that of Reyes syndrome, gradually worsening muscle weakness, Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy and extreme muscle weakness with fat accumulation in muscles. Borurn et al. (1979) describe carnitine as an essential nutrient for pre-term babies, certain types (non-ketotic) of hypoglycemics, kidney dialysis patients, cirrhosis, and in kwashiorkor, type IV hyperlipidemia, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), and propionic or organic aciduria (acid urine resulting from genetic or other anomalies). In all these conditions and the inborn errors of carnitine metabolism, carnitine is essential to life and carnitine supplements are valuable. carnitine therapy may also be useful in a wide variety of clinical conditions. carnitine supplementation has improved some patients who have angina secondary to coronary artery disease. It may be worth a trial in any form of hyperlipidemia or muscle weakness. carnitine supplements may... (-)-Carnitine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=541-15-1 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 541-15-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3]. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3].

Naringenin

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

Naringenin is a flavorless, colorless flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit, and is found in a variety of fruits and herbs. Naringenin has the skeleton structure of a flavanone with three hydroxy groups at the 4, 5, and 7 carbons. It may be found both in the aglycol form, naringenin, or in its glycosidic form, naringin, which has the addition of the disaccharide neohesperidose attached via a glycosidic linkage at carbon 7. Naringenin (not to be confused with naringin) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA. Scientists exposed cells to 80 micomoles of naringenin per liter, for 24 hours, and found that the amount of hydroxyl damage to the DNA was reduced by 24 percent in that very short period of time. Unfortunately, this bioflavonoid is difficult to absorb on oral ingestion. Only 15\\\\\\\% of ingested naringenin will get absorbed, in the human gastrointestinal tract, in the best case scenario. A full glass of orange juice will supply about enough naringenin to achieve a concentration of about 0.5 micromoles per liter. Naringenin is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. (S)-naringenin is the (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. It has a role as an expectorant and a plant metabolite. It is a naringenin and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-naringenin(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-naringenin. Naringenin is a natural product found in Elaeodendron croceum, Garcinia multiflora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Naringin (related). Most widely distributed flavanone. Citrus fruits (grapefruit, oranges and pummelos) are especially good sources. Glycosides also widely distributed The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_20eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_10eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_40eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_30eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_50eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_10eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_30eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_50eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_20eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_40eV_000021.txt (±)-Naringenin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=67604-48-2 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 67604-48-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

Hesperetin 7-neohesperidoside

C28H34O15 (610.1898)

Neohesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is hesperitin having an 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a neohesperidoside, a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a hesperetin. (S)-7-(((2-O-6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of Seville orange peel (Citrus aurantium) and other Citrus subspecies Very bitter flavouring agent. Hesperetin 7-neohesperidoside is found in many foods, some of which are grapefruit/pummelo hybrid, pummelo, citrus, and grapefruit. Hesperetin 7-neohesperidoside is found in citrus. Hesperetin 7-neohesperidoside is a constituent of Seville orange peel (Citrus aurantium) and other Citrus species Very bitter flavouring agent Neohesperidin is a flavonoid compound found in high amounts in citrus fruits with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Neohesperidin is a flavonoid compound found in high amounts in citrus fruits with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Berberine

[C20H18NO4]+ (336.1236)

Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_30eV.txt Berberine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2086-83-1 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 2086-83-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Jatrorrhizine

C20H20NO4+ (338.1392)

Jatrorrhizine is an alkaloid.

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.3705)

Lupenone is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupenone is a natural product found in Liatris acidota, Euphorbia larica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Cupania cinerea. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

Coumarin

C9H6O2 (146.0368)

Coumarin appears as colorless crystals, flakes or colorless to white powder with a pleasant fragrant vanilla odor and a bitter aromatic burning taste. (NTP, 1992) Coumarin is a chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. It has a role as a fluorescent dye, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. Coumarin is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium japonicum, and other organisms with data available. Coumarin is o hydroxycinnamic acid. Pleasant smelling compound found in many plants and released on wilting. Has anticoagulant activity by competing with Vitamin K. Coumarin is a chemical compound/poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has a sweet scent, readily recognised as the scent of newly-mown hay. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin. --Wikipedia. Coumarins, as a class, are comprised of numerous naturally occurring benzo-alpha-pyrone compounds with important and diverse physiological activities. The parent compound, coumarin, occurs naturally in many plants, natural spices, and foods such as tonka bean, cassia (bastard cinnamon or Chinese cinnamon), cinnamon, melilot (sweet clover), green tea, peppermint, celery, bilberry, lavender, honey (derived both from sweet clover and lavender), and carrots, as well as in beer, tobacco, wine, and other foodstuffs. Coumarin concentrations in these plants, spices, and foods range from <1 mg/kg in celery, 7000 mg/kg in cinnamon, and up to 87,000 mg/kg in cassia. An estimate of human exposure to coumarin from the diet has been calculated to be 0.02 mg/kg/day. Coumarin is used as an additive in perfumes and fragranced consumer products at concentrations ranging from <0.5\\\\% to 6.4\\\\% in fine fragrances to <0.01\\\\% in detergents. An estimate for systemic exposure of humans from the use of fragranced cosmetic products is 0.04 mg/kg BW/day, assuming complete dermal penetration. The use of coumarin as a food additive was banned by the FDA in 1954 based on reports of hepatotoxicity in rats. Due to its potential hepatotoxic effects in humans, the European Commission restricted coumarin from naturals as a direct food additive to 2 mg/kg food/day, with exceptions granting higher levels for alcoholic beverages, caramel, chewing gum, and certain traditional foods. In addition to human exposure to coumarin from dietary sources and consumer products, coumarin is also used clinically as an antineoplastic and for the treatment of lymphedema and venous insufficiency. Exposure ranges from 11 mg/day for consumption of natural food ingredients to 7 g/day following clinical administration. Although adverse effects in humans following coumarin exposure are rare, and only associated with clinical doses, recent evidence indicates coumarin causes liver tumors in rats and mice and Clara cell toxicity and lung tumors in mice. The multiple effects as well as the ongoing human exposure to coumarin have resulted in a significant research effort focused on understanding the mechanism of coumarin induced toxicity/carcinogenicity and its human relevance. These investigations have revealed significant species differences in coumarin metabolism and toxicity such that the mechanism of coumarin induced effects in rodents, and the relevance of these findings for the safety assessment of coumarin exposure in humans are now better understood. In October 2004, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2004) reviewed coumarin to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) in foods. EFSA issued an opinion indicating that coumarin is not genotoxic, and that a threshold approach to safety assessment was most appropriate. EFSA recommended a TDI of 0 to 0.1 mg/kg BW/day. Including dietary contributions, the total human exposure is estimated to be 0.06 mg/kg/day. As a pharmaceutical, coumarin has been used in diverse applications with a wide variety of dosing regimens. Unlike coumadin and ... Coumarin belongs to the class of chemicals known as chromenones. Specifically it is a chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. A chromenone is a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by a lactone-like chain forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. Coumarin is also described as a benzopyrone and is considered as a lactone. Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a bitter taste and sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla or the scent of newly-mowed or recently cut hay. It is a chemical poison found in many plants where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. Coumarin occurs naturally in many plants and foods such as the tonka bean, woodruff, bison grass, cassia (bastard cinnamon or Chinese cinnamon), cinnamon, melilot (sweet clover), green tea, peppermint, celery, bilberry, lavender, honey (derived both from sweet clover and lavender), and carrots, as well as in beer, tobacco, wine, and other foodstuffs. Coumarin concentrations in these plants, spices, and foods range from <1 mg/kg in celery, to 7000 mg/kg in cinnamon, and up to 87,000 mg/kg in cassia. An estimate of human exposure to coumarin from the diet has been calculated to be 0.02 mg/kg/day. Coumarin is used as an additive in perfumes and fragranced consumer products at concentrations ranging from <0.5\\\\% To 6.4\\\\% In fine fragrances to <0.01\\\\% In detergents. An estimate for systemic exposure of humans from the use of fragranced cosmetic products is 0.04 mg/kg BW/day, assuming complete dermal penetration. The use of coumarin as a food additive was banned by the FDA in 1954 based on reports of hepatotoxicity in rats. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin. Coumarins, as a class, are comprised of numerous naturally occurring benzo-alpha-pyrone compounds with important and diverse physiological activities. Due to its potential hepatotoxic effects in humans, the European Commission restricted coumarin from naturals as a direct food additive to 2 mg/kg food/day, with exceptions granting higher levels for alcoholic beverages, caramel, chewing gum, and certain traditional foods. In addition to human exposure to coumarin from dietary sources and consumer products, coumarin is also used clinically as an antineoplastic and for the treatment of lymphedema and venous insufficiency. Exposure ranges from 11 mg/day for consumption of natural food ingredients to 7 g/day following clinical administration. Although adverse effects in humans following coumarin exposure are rare, and only associated with clinical doses, recent evidence indicates coumarin causes liver tumors in rats and mice and Clara cell toxicity and lung tumors in mice. The multiple effects as well as the ongoing human exposure to coumarin have resulted in a significant research effort focused on understanding the mechanism of coumarin induced toxicity/carcinogenicity and its human relevance. These investigations have revealed significant species differences in coumarin metabolism and toxicity such that the mechanism of coumarin induced effects in rodents, and the relevance of these findings for the safety assessment of coumarin exposure in humans are now better understood. In October 2004, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2004) reviewed coumarin to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) in foods. EFSA issued an opinion indicating that coumarin is not genotoxic, and that a threshold approach to safety assessment was most appropriate. EFSA recommended a TDI of 0 to 0.1 Mg/kg BW/day. Including dietary contributions, the total human exposure is estimated to be 0.06 Mg/kg/day. As a pharmaceutical, coumarin has been used in diverse applications with a wide variety of dosing regimens. Unlike coumadin and other coumarin derivatives, coumarin has no anti-coagulant activity. However, at low doses (typically 7 to 10 mg/day), coumarin has been used as a venotonic to promote... C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_20eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_30eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_10eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_50eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_40eV_CB000008.txt Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.

Bergenin

C14H16O9 (328.0794)

Bergenin is a trihydroxybenzoic acid. It has a role as a metabolite. Bergenin is a natural product found in Ficus racemosa, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Cenostigma gardnerianum. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Annotation level-1 Bergenin is a cytoprotective and antioxidative polyphenol found in many medicinal plants. Bergenin has a wide spectrum activities such as hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal properties[1][2]. Bergenin is a cytoprotective and antioxidative polyphenol found in many medicinal plants. Bergenin has a wide spectrum activities such as hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal properties[1][2].

Diosmetin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Diosmetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist, an apoptosis inducer, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a cardioprotective agent, a bone density conservation agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a vasodilator agent. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a 3-hydroxyflavonoid. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of a diosmetin-7-olate. Diosmetin is an O-methylated flavone and the aglycone part of the flavonoid glycosides diosmin that occurs naturally in citrus fruits. Pharmacologically, diosmetin is reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, oestrogenic and anti-inflamatory activities. It also acts as a weak TrkB receptor agonist. Diosmetin is a natural product found in Vicia tenuifolia, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Agathosma betulina leaf (part of). A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. Isolated from peel of lemon (Citrus limon) and others. Diosmetin is found in many foods, some of which are spearmint, citrus, rosemary, and common thyme. Diosmetin is found in citrus. Diosmetin is isolated from peel of lemon (Citrus limon) and other Diosmetin is a natural flavonoid which inhibits human CYP1A enzyme activity with an IC50 of 40 μM in HepG2 cell. Diosmetin is a natural flavonoid which inhibits human CYP1A enzyme activity with an IC50 of 40 μM in HepG2 cell.

Decursin

C19H20O5 (328.1311)

Decursin is a member of coumarins. Decursin is a natural product found in Scutellaria lateriflora, Angelica glauca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). D020536 - Enzyme Activators Decursinol angelate is a natural product found in Angelica glauca and Angelica gigas with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursinol angelate, a cytotoxic and protein kinase C (PKC) activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Icariin

C33H40O15 (676.2367)

Icariin is a member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, it is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo). It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a phytoestrogen, an EC 3.1.4.35 (3,5-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a member of flavonols. Icariin has been investigated for the basic science of the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Icariin in Humans. Icariin is a natural product found in Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium grandiflorum, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant, Pyrans Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.077 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.073 Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator. Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator. Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator.

trans-Isoasarone

C12H16O3 (208.1099)

Alpha-asarone is the trans-isomer of asarone. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a GABA modulator. alpha-Asarone is a natural product found in Sphallerocarpus gracilis, Asarum hypogynum, and other organisms with data available. trans-Isoasarone is found in carrot. trans-Isoasarone is a constituent of Asarum species and carrot seed (Daucus carota) (CCD) Constituent of Asarum subspecies and carrot seed (Daucus carota) (CCD). trans-Isoasarone is found in wild carrot and carrot. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents The trans-isomer of asarone. alpha-Asarone (α-Asarone) is one of the main psychoactive compounds, and possesses an antidepressant-like activity in mice. alpha-Asarone (α-Asarone) is one of the main psychoactive compounds, and possesses an antidepressant-like activity in mice. alpha-Asarone (α-Asarone) is one of the main psychoactive compounds, and possesses an antidepressant-like activity in mice. Beta-asarone is a major ingredient of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, penetrates blood brain barrier, with the properties of immunosuppression, central nervous system inhibition, sedation, and hypothermy. Beta-asarone protects against Parkinson’s disease[1]. Beta-asarone is a major ingredient of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, penetrates blood brain barrier, with the properties of immunosuppression, central nervous system inhibition, sedation, and hypothermy. Beta-asarone protects against Parkinson’s disease[1].

Chalconaringenin

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

2,4,4,6-tetrahydroxychalcone is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 ,4, 4, and 6 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite, an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a polyphenol and a member of chalcones. It is functionally related to a trans-chalcone. Naringenin chalcone is a natural product found in Populus koreana, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from tomato fruit cuticles. Chalconaringenin is found in many foods, some of which are cherry tomato, lettuce, greenthread tea, and lemon. A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 ,4, 4, and 6 respectively. Chalconaringenin is found in garden tomato. Chalconaringenin is isolated from tomato fruit cuticle Naringenin chalcone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5071-40-9 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 25515-46-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Irigenin

C18H16O8 (360.0845)

Irigenin, also known as 5,7,3-trihydroxy-6,4,5-trimethoxyisoflavone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-hydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavonoids. 3-hydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavonoids are isoflavonoids carrying a methoxy group attached to the C4 atom, as well as a hydroxyl group at the C3-position of the isoflavonoid backbone. Thus, irigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Irigenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Irigenin can be synthesized from isoflavone. Irigenin can also be synthesized into iridin. Irigenin can be found in lima bean, which makes irigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Irigenin is an O-methylated isoflavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be isolated from the rhizomes of the leopard lily (Belamcanda chinensis), and Iris kemaonensis . Irigenin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3 and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4 and 5 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyisoflavone and a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Irigenin is a natural product found in Iris milesii, Iris tectorum, and other organisms with data available. Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells[1]. Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells[1].

Naringin

C27H32O14 (580.1792)

Naringin, also known as naringoside or naringin hydrate, is a flavanone-7-O-glycoside between the flavanone naringenin and the disaccharide neohesperidose. Naringin belongs to the flavonoid family. Flavonoids consist of 15 carbon atoms in 3 rings, 2 of which must be benzene rings connected by a 3 carbon chain. Naringin contains the basic flavonoid structure along with one rhamnose and one glucose unit attached to its aglycone portion, called naringenin, at the 7-carbon position. The steric hindrance provided by the two sugar units makes naringin less potent than its aglycone counterpart, naringenin. Naringin is a bitter tasting compound. Naringin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as rosemaries, grapefruit/pummelo hybrids, and grapefruits and in a lower concentration in grape wines, pummelo, and beers. Naringin has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as citrus, limes, herbs and spices, common oregano, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine). Both naringin and hesperetin, which are the aglycones of naringin and hesperidin, occur naturally in citrus fruits. Naringin is the major flavonoid glycoside in grapefruit and gives grapefruit juice its bitter taste. Narinigin exerts a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant activity, blood lipid-lowering, anticarcinogenic activity, and inhibition of selected cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, which may result in several drug interactions in-vitro. Naringin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a neohesperidoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Naringin is a natural product found in Podocarpus fasciculus, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. See also: Naringenin (related); Drynaria fortunei root (part of). A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. obtained from citrus fruits, Clymenia polyandra (clymenia) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) IPB_RECORD: 401; CONFIDENCE confident structure Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.

Cinnamic acid

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of styrenes and a member of cinnamic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cinnamic acid is a natural product found in Marsypopetalum crassum, Aiouea brenesii, and other organisms with data available. Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point of 133 degree centigrade and a boiling point of 300 degree centigrade. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Chinese Cinnamon (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of) ... View More ... Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID C016 Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].

Neochlorogenic acid

C16H18O9 (354.0951)

Constituent of coffee and many other plants. First isolated from peaches (Prunus persica). trans-Neochlorogenic acid is found in coffee and coffee products, fruits, and pear. [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA73_Neochlorogenic-_pos_30eV.txt Neochlorogenic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=906-33-2 (retrieved 2024-07-17) (CAS RN: 906-33-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.

Diosgenin

C27H42O3 (414.3134)

Diosgenin is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Diosgenin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Dracaena draco, and other organisms with data available. A spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. The 25S isomer is called yamogenin. Solasodine is a natural derivative formed by replacing the spiro-ring with a nitrogen, which can rearrange to SOLANINE. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. Diosgenin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Diosgenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Diosgenin can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, yam, and bitter gourd, which makes diosgenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam, such as the Kokoro. The sugar-free (aglycone) product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products . Bottle Name:Diosgenin; Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; Bottle Name:Diosgenin; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2260 Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].

Gallic acid

C7H6O5 (170.0215)

Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999) Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a gallate. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Gallic Acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent. See also: Gallic acid monohydrate (active moiety of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of) ... View More ... Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is widely distributed in plants and is found both free and as part of tannins. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed gallates. Gallic acid has been found to be s metabolite of Aspergillus (PMID:24031294). A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. Present in red wine. Japan approved food antioxidant additive Gallic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=149-91-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 149-91-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Flavone is the simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a nematicide. Flavone is a natural product found in Grindelia hirsutula, Asphodeline damascena, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid

C9H8O3 (164.0473)

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, also known as p-Coumaric acid, is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. p-coumaric acid is an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acid: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid exists in two forms trans-p-coumaric acid and cis-p-coumaric acid. It is a crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as pepper (Capsicum frutescens), pineapples, and sunflowers and in a lower concentration in spinachs, kiwis, and sweet oranges. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as wild rices, soursops, garden onions, hyssops, and avocado. 4-coumaric acid is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. trans-4-Coumaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of) ... View More ... Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, turmeric, green bell pepper, and common thyme. D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 168 KEIO_ID C024 p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7400-08-0 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 7400-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Capsaicin

C18H27NO3 (305.1991)

Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin is most often used as a topical analgesic and exists in many formulations of cream, liquid, and patch preparations of various strengths; however, it may also be found in some dietary supplements. Capsaicin is a naturally-occurring botanical irritant in chili peppers, synthetically derived for pharmaceutical formulations. The most recent capsaicin FDA approval was Qutenza, an 8\\\\\\% capsaicin patch dermal-delivery system, indicated for neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum, and Capsicum annuum with data available. Capsaicin is a chili pepper extract with analgesic properties. Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons. Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain. This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins. In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (A7835). An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. See also: Capsicum (part of); Capsicum Oleoresin (active moiety of); Paprika (part of) ... View More ... Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (PMID: 8621114). M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AB - Capsaicin and similar agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic Flavouring ingredient. Pungent principle of various Capsicum subspecies (Solanaceae) D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.208 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.207 Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2].

Aesculetin

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

Aesculetin, also known as cichorigenin or cichoriin aglucon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins. These are coumarins bearing two hydroxyl groups at positions 6 and 7 of the coumarin skeleton, respectively. Aesculetin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sherries. Aesculetin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as horseradish, carrots, dandelions, grape wines, and highbush blueberries. This could make aesculetin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Esculetin is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. It has a role as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet filter and a plant metabolite. Esculetin is a natural product found in Artemisia eriopoda, Euphorbia decipiens, and other organisms with data available. A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. Metabolite of infected sweet potato. Aesculetin is found in many foods, some of which are root vegetables, wild carrot, sweet basil, and carrot. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_20eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_10eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_40eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_50eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_30eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_10eV_000010.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_20eV_000010.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_30eV_000010.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 39 Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1].

Flavanone

C15H12O2 (224.0837)

Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow), also collectively known as Vitamin P and citrin, are a class of plant secondary metabolites or yellow pigments having a structure similar to that of flavones. Flavonoids is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, wild celery, rose hip, and turmeric. Flavanone is a naturally occurring flavone. Flavanone has inhibitory activity for human estrogen synthetase (aromatase)[1]. Flavanone is a naturally occurring flavone. Flavanone has inhibitory activity for human estrogen synthetase (aromatase)[1].

Evodiamine

C19H17N3O (303.1372)

Evodiamine is a member of beta-carbolines. Evodiamine is a natural product found in Vepris soyauxii, Cryptocarya, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H17N3O; Bottle Name:Evodiamine; PRIME Parent Name:Evodiamine; PRIME in-house No.:V0296; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, Indoloquinolizidine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Formula(Parent): C19H17N3O; Bottle Name:Evodiamine; Origin: Plant; PRIME Parent Name:Evodiamine; PRIME in-house No.:V0296; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, Indoloquinolizidine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Annotation level-1 (±)-Evodiamine, a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid, is a Top1 inhibitor. Evodiamine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antitumor effects. (±)-Evodiamine inhibits the proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells by inducing their apoptosis[1]. Evodiamine is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham with diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antitumor. Evodiamine is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham with diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antitumor.

3-Hydroxyflavone

C15H10O3 (238.063)

Flavonol is a monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. It is a monohydroxyflavone and a member of flavonols. It is a conjugate acid of a flavonol(1-). 3-Hydroxyflavone is a natural product found in Acacia retinodes, Acacia holosericea, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of cabbage. 3-Hydroxyflavone is found in many foods, some of which are red raspberry, brassicas, papaya, and pomegranate. 3-Hydroxyflavone is found in brassicas. 3-Hydroxyflavone is a constituent of cabbage Flavonol is an endogenous metabolite. Flavonol is an endogenous metabolite.

Quinic acid

C7H12O6 (192.0634)

Quinic acid, also known as quinate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinic acids and derivatives. Quinic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a quinic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which is a cyclitol made up of a cyclohexane ring that bears four hydroxyl groups at positions 1,3, 4, and 5, as well as a carboxylic acid at position 1. Quinic acid is a sugar acid. It is also a cyclitol, or cyclic polyol. More specifically, quinic acid is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, tobacco leaves, carrot leaves, apples, peaches, pears, plums, vegetables, etc. Quinic acid can also be made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. Quinic acid is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. (-)-quinic acid is the (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (-)-quinate. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-quinic acid. Quinate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quinic acid is a natural product found in Gamblea innovans, Pterocaulon virgatum, and other organisms with data available. An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Quinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=36413-60-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 36413-60-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee.

Thioctic acid

C8H14O2S2 (206.0435)

Lipoate, also known as lipoic acid or 6,8-thioctate, belongs to lipoic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a lipoic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which consists of a pentanoic acid (or derivative) attached to the C3 carbon atom of a 1,2-dithiolane ring. Lipoate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lipoate can be synthesized from octanoic acid. Lipoate can also be synthesized into lipoamide and lipoyl-AMP. Lipoate can be found in broccoli and spinach, which makes lipoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lipoate may be a unique E.coli metabolite. Lipoate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5].

Tetrahydropalmatine

C21H25NO4 (355.1783)

Tetrahydropalmatine is a berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine. It has a role as an adrenergic agent, a non-narcotic analgesic and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine. It is functionally related to a palmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02118610 (Treatment of Schizophrenia With L-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP): a Novel Dopamine Antagonist With Anti-inflammatory and Antiprotozoal Activity). Tetrahydropalmatine is a natural product found in Corydalis heterocarpa, Ceratocapnos heterocarpa, and other organisms with data available. A berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the genus Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo),[1][2] but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda.[3] These plants have traditional uses in Chinese herbal medicine. The pharmaceutical industry has synthetically produced the more potent enantiomer Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (Levo-THP), which has been marketed worldwide under different brand names as an alternative to anxiolytic and sedative drugs of the benzodiazepine group and analgesics such as opiates. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. In 1940, a Vietnamese scientist Sang Dinh Bui extracted an alkaloid from the root of Stephania rotunda with the yield of 1.2–1.5\\\\\\\% and he named this compound rotundine. From 1950 to 1952, two Indian scientists studied and extracted from Stephania glabra another alkaloid named hyndanrine. In 1965, the structure of rotundine and hyndarin was proved to be the same as tetrahydropalmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine has been demonstrated to possess analgesic effects and may be beneficial in the treatment of heart disease and liver damage.[5][6] It is a blocker of voltage-activated L-type calcium channel active potassium channels.[citation needed] It is a potent muscle relaxant.[citation needed] It has also shown potential in the treatment of drug addiction to both cocaine and opiates, and preliminary human studies have shown promising results.[7][8][9] The pharmacological profile of l-THP includes antagonism of dopamine D1, and D2 receptors as well as actions at dopamine D3, alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptors. The Ki values for l-THP at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors are approximately 124 nM (D1) and 388 nM (D2). In addition to the antagonism of post-synaptic dopamine receptors, the blockade of pre-synaptic autoreceptors by l-THP results in increased dopamine release, and it has been suggested that lower affinity of l-THP for D2 receptors may confer some degree of autoreceptor selectivity. Along with dopamine receptors, l-THP has been reported to interact with a number of other receptor types, including alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, at which it functions as an antagonist, and GABA-A receptors, through positive allosteric modulation. Additionally, l-THP displays significant binding to 5-HT1A and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. In the case of 5-HT1A receptors, l-THP binds with a Ki of approximately 340 nM.[10] Animal experiments have shown that the sedative effect of THP results from blocking dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system where it occurs in several important signaling systems that regulate muscular activity and attention, as well as feelings of joy, enthusiasm, and creativity. Therefore, THP causes no feelings of euphoria, and has been seen as an alternative to addictive drugs for people suffering from anxiety and pain, and as a possibility for relief for people not helped by existing drugs.[citation needed] Several cases of poisoning related to THP have been reported.[11] These cases involved negative effects on respiration, cardiac activity, and the nervous system. In addition, chronic hepatitis has been reported, caused by THP production in East Asia under conditions that were insufficiently sterile. Fatalities started to be reported in 1999 in cases where THP had been used in combination with other drugs having analgesic and anti-anxiety effects. All 1999 deaths could be tied to a single THP-based supplement, sold under the name "Jin Bu Huan Anodyne Tablets". Toxicity with even Jin Bu Huan has been reported.[12] This product was therefore blacklisted by US and European health authorities. In some other countries, such as Singapore, THP is treated as a controlled substance, and license is required to sell it.[citation needed] Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1].

Azelaic acid

C9H16O4 (188.1049)

Nonanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a dermatologic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an azelaate(2-) and an azelaate. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also produced by Malassezia furfur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale, which is a species of fungus that is normally found on human skin. Azelaic acid is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. Azelaic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). The physiologic effect of azelaic acid is by means of Decreased Protein Synthesis, and Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity. Azelaic Acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid produced by Malassezia furfur and found in whole grain cereals, rye, barley and animal products. Azelaic acid possesses antibacterial, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-oxidant activity. Azelaic acid is bactericidal against Proprionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis due to its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of microbial cellular proteins. Azelaic acid exerts its keratolytic and comedolytic effects by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum and decreasing the number of keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin in epidermal layers. Azelaic acid also possesses a direct anti-inflammatory effect due to its scavenger activity of free oxygen radical. This drug is used topically to reduce inflammation associated with acne and rosacea. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is a natural substance that is produced by Malassezia furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), a yeast that lives on normal skin. It is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. See also: Azelaic acid; niacinamide (component of) ... View More ... Azelaic acid (AZA) is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH). It possesses a variety of biological actions both in vitro and in vivo. Interest in the biological activity of AZA arose originally out of studies of skin surface lipids and the pathogenesis of hypochromia in pityriasis versicolor infection. Later, it was shown that Pityrosporum can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids to C8-C12 dicarboxylic acids that are cornpetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro. Azelaic acid was chosen for further investigation and development of a new topical drug for treating hyperpigmentary disorders for the following reasons: it possesses a middle-range of antityrosinase activity, is inexpensive, and more soluble to be incorporated into a base cream than other dicarboxylic acids. Azelaic acid is another option for the topical treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. It offers effectiveness similar to that of other agents without the systemic side effects of oral antibiotics or the allergic sensitization of topical benzoyl peroxide and with less irritation than tretinoin. Azelaic acid is less expensive than certain other prescription acne preparations, but it is much more expensive than nonprescription benzoyl peroxide preparations. Whether it is safe and effective when used in combination with other agents is not known. (PMID: 7737781, 8961845). An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. Plants biology In plants, azelaic acid serves as a "distress flare" involved in defense responses after infection.[7] It serves as a signal that induces the accumulation of salicylic acid, an important component of a plant's defensive response.[8] Human biology The mechanism of action in humans is thought to be through the inhibition of hyperactive protease activity that converts cathelicidin into the antimicrobial skin peptide LL-37.[9] Polymers and related materials Esters of this dicarboxylic acid find applications in lubrication and plasticizers. In lubricant industries it is used as a thickening agent in lithium complex grease. With hexamethylenediamine, azelaic acid forms Nylon-6,9, which finds specialized uses as a plastic.[4] Medical Azelaic acid is used to treat mild to moderate acne, both comedonal acne and inflammatory acne.[10][11] It belongs to a class of medication called dicarboxylic acids. It works by killing acne bacteria that infect skin pores. It also decreases the production of keratin, which is a natural substance that promotes the growth[clarification needed] of acne bacteria.[12] Azelaic acid is also used as a topical gel treatment for rosacea, due to its ability to reduce inflammation.[11] It clears the bumps and swelling caused by rosacea. In topical pharmaceutical preparations and scientific research AzA is typically used in concentrations between 15\\\% and 20\\\% but some research demonstrates that in certain vehicle formulations the pharmaceutical effects of 10\\\% Azelaic acid has the potential to be fully comparable to that of some 20\\\% creams.[13] Acne treatment Azelaic acid is effective for mild to moderate acne when applied topically at a 15\\\%-20\\\% concentration.[14][15][16][17] In patients with moderate acne, twice daily application over 3 months of 20\\\% AzA significantly reduced the number of comedones, papules, and pustules;[18][19] at this strength, it’s considered to be as effective as benzoyl peroxide 5\\\%, tretinoin 0.05\\\%, erythromycin 2\\\%, and oral tetracycline at 500 mg-1000 mg.[20][21] In a comparative review of effects of topical AzA, Salicylic acid, Nicotinamide, Sulfur, Zinc, and alpha-hydroxy acid, AzA had more high-quality evidence of effectiveness than the rest.[22] Results can be expected after 4 weeks of twice-daily treatment. The effectiveness of long term use is unclear, but it’s been recommended that AzA be used for at least 6 months continuously for maintenance.[20] Whitening agent Azelaic acid is used for treatment of skin pigmentation, including melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in those with darker skin types. It has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone.[23] As a tyrosinase inhibitor,[5] azelaic acid reduces synthesis of melanin.[24] According to one report in 1988, azelaic acid in combination with zinc sulfate in vitro was found to be a potent (90\\\% inhibition) 5α-reductase inhibitor, similar to the hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride.[25] In vitro research during mid-1980s evaluating azelaic acid's depigmenting (whitening) capability concluded it is effective (cytotoxic to melanocytes) at only high concentrations.[26] A 1996 review claimed 20\\\% AzA is as potent as 4\\\% hydroquinone after a period of application of three months without the latter's adverse effects and even more effective if applied along with tretinoin for the same period of time.[27][19] Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Astragaloside IV

C41H68O14 (784.4609)

Astragaloside IV is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is cycloastragenol having beta-D-xylopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at positions O-3 and O-6 respectively. It is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, an antioxidant, a pro-angiogenic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a triterpenoid saponin and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a cycloastragenol. Astragaloside IV is a natural product found in Euphorbia glareosa, Astragalus ernestii, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is cycloastragenol having beta-D-xylopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at positions O-3 and O-6 respectively. It is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Astilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a monosaccharide derivative and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin. Astilbin is a natural product found in Smilax corbularia, Rhododendron simsii, and other organisms with data available. Astilbin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Astilbin is found in alcoholic beverages. Astilbin is a constituent of Vitis vinifera (wine grape).Astilbin is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum, Clusiaceae, subfamily Hypericoideae, formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae), in Dimorphandra mollis (Fava danta, Fabaceae), in the the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae), in the rhizome of Astilbe thunbergii, in the root of Astilbe odontophylla(Saxifragaceae) and in the rhizone of Smilax glabra (Chinaroot, Smilacaceae). A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Constituent of Vitis vinifera (wine grape) Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3].

Phillyrin

C27H34O11 (534.2101)

Forsythin is a lignan and a glycoside. Phillyrin is a natural product found in Forsythia suspensa, Phillyrea latifolia, and other organisms with data available. Annotation level-1 2-[4-[3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Pteris semipinnata with data available. Phillyrin is isolated from Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae), has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phillyrin has potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities[1]. Phillyrin has anti-influenza A virus activities[2]. Phillyrin is isolated from Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae), has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phillyrin has potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities[1]. Phillyrin has anti-influenza A virus activities[2].

Schizandrin

C24H32O7 (432.2148)

A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3]. Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3].

Swertiamarin

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Swertiamarin is a glycoside. Swertiamarin is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Fontanesia philliraeoides, and other organisms with data available. See also: Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma littorale, confers anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects[1]. Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma littorale, confers anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects[1].

Ginsenoside

C42H72O14 (800.4922)

Ginsenoside Rf is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a disaccharide derivative, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a 20-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rf is a natural product found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Panax ginseng, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of). A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent and a pro-angiogenic agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a ginsenoside and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rg1 Appears to be most abundant in Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean Ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity. Ginsenoside RG1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Panax ginseng, and Panax notoginseng with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Ginsenoside Rf is a trace component of ginseng root. Ginsenoside Rf inhibits N-type Ca2+ channel. Ginsenoside Rf is a trace component of ginseng root. Ginsenoside Rf inhibits N-type Ca2+ channel. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid. (PMID:17168665). The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C6-C3-C6), composed of a chroman (C6-C3) nucleus (the benzo ring A and the heterocyclic ring C), also shared by the tocopherols, with a phenyl (the aromatic ring B) substitution usually at the 2-position. Different substitutions can typically occur in the rings, A and B. Several plants and spices containing flavonoid derivatives have found application as disease preventive and therapeutic agents in traditional medicine in Asia for thousands of years. The selection of a particular food plant, plant tissue or herb for its potential health benefits appears to mirror its flavonoid composition. The much lower risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers in Asians, who consume more vegetables, fruits and tea than populations in the Western hemisphere do, raises the question of whether flavonoid components mediate the protective effects of diets rich in these foodstuffs by acting as natural chemopreventive and anticancer agents. An impressive body of information exists on the antitumoral action of plant flavonoids. In vitro work has concentrated on the direct and indirect actions of flavonoids on tumor cells, and has found a variety of anticancer effects such as cell growth and kinase activity inhibition, apoptosis induction, suppression of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and of tumor invasive behavior. Furthermore, some studies have reported the impairment of in vivo angiogenesis by dietary flavonoids. Experimental animal studies indicate that certain dietary flavonoids possess antitumoral activity. The hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavones and flavonols, such as luteolin seems to critically influence their activities, especially the inhibition of protein kinase activity and antiproliferation. The different mechanisms underlying the potential anticancer action of plant flavonoids await further elucidation. Certain dietary flavonols and flavones targeting cell surface signal transduction enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and focal adhesion kinases, and the processes of angiogenesis appear to be promising candidates as anticancer agents. Further in vivo studies of these bioactive constituents is deemed necessary in order to develop flavonoid-based anticancer strategies. In view of the increasing interest in the association between dietary flavonoids and cancer initiation and progression, this important field is likely to witness expanded effort and to attract and stimulate further vigorous investigations (PMID:16097445). Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate. Luteolin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis. 5,7,3,4-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. Flavone v. widespread in plant world; found especies in celery, peppermint, rosemary, thyme and Queen Annes Lace leaves (wild carrot). Potential nutriceutical. Luteolin is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, ginger, abalone, and swiss chard. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. IPB_RECORD: 361; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

Narcissin

C28H32O16 (624.169)

Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a disaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. Narcissoside is a natural product found in Phoenix canariensis, Scolymus hispanicus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginkgo (part of); Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1]. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1].

Osthol

C15H16O3 (244.1099)

Osthol, also known as 7-methoxy-8-(3-methylpent-2-enyl)coumarin, belongs to coumarins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Osthol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Osthol can be found in a number of food items such as wild celery, lemon, parsley, and wild carrot, which makes osthol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Osthol is an O-methylated coumarin. It is a calcium channel blocker, found in plants such as Cnidium monnieri, Angelica archangelica and Angelica pubescens . Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite. Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica pubescens root (part of). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.

Sudan_IV

C24H20N4O (380.1637)

Sudan IV is a bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections. It has a role as a histological dye, a fluorochrome and a carcinogenic agent. It is a bis(azo) compound, a member of naphthols and a member of azobenzenes. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol. D004396 - Coloring Agents

Loganic_acid

C16H24O10 (376.1369)

Loganic acid is a cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cyclopentapyran, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a glucoside. It is a conjugate acid of a loganate. Loganic acid is a natural product found in Strychnos axillaris, Strychnos cocculoides, and other organisms with data available. A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively KEIO_ID L043 Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2].

Spinosin

C28H32O15 (608.1741)

Spinosin is a flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4, a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an anxiolytic drug. It is a flavone C-glycoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Spinosin is a natural product found in Clutia abyssinica, Galipea trifoliata, and other organisms with data available. A flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4, a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage. Spinosyn a C-glycoside flavonoid isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujube, with neuroprotective effects. Spinosin inhibits Aβ1-42 production and aggregation via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2][3]. Spinosyn a C-glycoside flavonoid isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujube, with neuroprotective effects. Spinosin inhibits Aβ1-42 production and aggregation via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2][3].

Albiflorin

C23H28O11 (480.1632)

Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a neuroprotective agent. It is a benzoate ester, a gamma-lactone, a beta-D-glucoside, a monoterpene glycoside, a secondary alcohol and a bridged compound. Albiflorin is a natural product found in Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia delavayi, and other organisms with data available. A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects[1][2]. Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects[1][2].

Calycosin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Calycosin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3 position and a methoxy group at the 4 position. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones and a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a calycosin(1-). Calycosin is a natural product found in Thermopsis lanceolata, Hedysarum polybotrys, and other organisms with data available. A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] Calycosin is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Calycosin is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Kaempferol_3-O-rutinoside

C27H30O15 (594.1585)

Kaempferol-3-rutinoside is a kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme. It has a role as a metabolite, a radical scavenger and a plant metabolite. It is a rutinoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a disaccharide derivative and a kaempferol O-glucoside. Nicotiflorin is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cocoa (part of). A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme. Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius. Nicotiflorin shows potent antiglycation activity and neuroprotection effects. Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius. Nicotiflorin shows potent antiglycation activity and neuroprotection effects.

Maslinic acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Maslinic acid is a compound derived from dry olive-pomace oil (an olive skin wax) which is a byproduct of olive oil extraction. It is a member of the group of triterpenes known as oleananes.; Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Maslinic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. (PMID: 17292619) Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Maslinic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. (PMID: 17292619). Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Maslinic acid is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity. Maslinic acid can inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 and abolish the phosphorylation of IκB-α, which is required for p65 activation. Maslinic acid can inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 and abolish the phosphorylation of IκB-α, which is required for p65 activation.

Alizarina

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

Alizarin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a chromophore, a dye and a plant metabolite. Alizarin has been reported in Rubia lanceolata, Rubia argyi COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8028 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Alizarin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=72-48-0 (retrieved 2024-12-18) (CAS RN: 72-48-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

linolenate(18:3)

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is a member of the group of essential fatty acids called omega-3 fatty acids. alpha-Linolenic acid, in particular, is not synthesized by mammals and therefore is an essential dietary requirement for all mammals. Certain nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, olive) are particularly rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids get their name based on the location of one of their first double bond. In all omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-3). Although humans and other mammals can synthesize saturated and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n-6 or the n-3 position of a fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability, and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. alpha-Linolenic acid and other omega-3 fatty acids may regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). alpha-Linolenic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. α-Linolenic acid can be obtained by humans only through their diets. Humans lack the desaturase enzymes required for processing stearic acid into A-linoleic acid or other unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary α-linolenic acid is metabolized to stearidonic acid, a precursor to a collection of polyunsaturated 20-, 22-, 24-, etc fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid).[12] Because the efficacy of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis decreases down the cascade of α-linolenic acid conversion, DHA synthesis from α-linolenic acid is even more restricted than that of EPA.[13] Conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than in men.[14] α-Linolenic acid, also known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (from Greek alpha meaning "first" and linon meaning flax), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid.[2] In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3 (n−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is a regioisomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (n−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds). Alpha-linolenic acid is a linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-linolenate and a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. alpha-Linolenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Linolenic Acid is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Dipteryx lacunifera, and other organisms with data available. Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid belonging to the omega-3 fatty acids group. It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins. Seed oils are the richest sources of α-linolenic acid, notably those of hempseed, chia, perilla, flaxseed (linseed oil), rapeseed (canola), and soybeans. α-Linolenic acid is also obtained from the thylakoid membranes in the leaves of Pisum sativum (pea leaves).[3] Plant chloroplasts consisting of more than 95 percent of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes are highly fluid due to the large abundance of ALA, evident as sharp resonances in high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectra.[4] Some studies state that ALA remains stable during processing and cooking.[5] However, other studies state that ALA might not be suitable for baking as it will polymerize with itself, a feature exploited in paint with transition metal catalysts. Some ALA may also oxidize at baking temperatures. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].

Aucubin

C15H22O9 (346.1264)

Aucubin is found in common verbena. Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety. Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis. The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1 Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety.; Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally.; Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis.; The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].

Isoquercitrin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a bone density conservation agent, an osteogenesis regulator, an antioxidant, a histamine antagonist, an antipruritic drug and a geroprotector. It is a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1-). Isoquercetin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thromboembolism of Vein in Pancreatic Cancer, and Thromboembolism of Vein VTE in Colorectal Cancer, among others. Isoquercitrin is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available. Isoquercetin is an orally bioavailable, glucoside derivative of the flavonoid quercetin and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor, with antioxidant and potential antithrombotic activity. As an antioxidant, isoquercetin scavenges free radicals and inhibits oxidative damage to cells. As a PDI inhibitor, this agent blocks PDI-mediated platelet activation, and fibrin generation, which prevents thrombus formation after vascular injury. In addition, isoquercetin is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. PDI, an oxidoreductase secreted by activated endothelial cells and platelets, plays a key role in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. Cancer, in addition to other thrombotic disorders, increases the risk of thrombus formation. Isoquercitrin is found in alcoholic beverages. Isoquercitrin occurs widely in plants. Isoquercitrin is present in red wine.Isoquercitin can be isolated from mangoes and from Rheum nobile, the Noble rhubarb or Sikkim rhubarb, a giant herbaceous plant native to the Himalaya. Quercetin glycosides are also present in tea. (Wikipedia A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_10eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_30eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_50eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_40eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_20eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_40eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_20eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_50eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_30eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_10eV_000017.txt Quercetin 3-glucoside. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=482-35-9 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 482-35-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

L-Threonine

C4H9NO3 (119.0582)

L-threonine is an optically active form of threonine having L-configuration. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an aspartate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a threonine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-threoninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-threoninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-threonine. It is a tautomer of a L-threonine zwitterion. An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. L-Threonine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans (provided by food), Threonine is an important residue of many proteins, such as tooth enamel, collagen, and elastin. An important amino acid for the nervous system, threonine also plays an important role in porphyrin and fat metabolism and prevents fat buildup in the liver. Useful with intestinal disorders and indigestion, threonine has also been used to alleviate anxiety and mild depression. (NCI04) Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans. It is abundant in human plasma, particularly in newborns. Severe deficiency of threonine causes neurological dysfunction and lameness in experimental animals. Threonine is an immunostimulant which promotes the growth of thymus gland. It also can probably promote cell immune defense function. This amino acid has been useful in the treatment of genetic spasticity disorders and multiple sclerosis at a dose of 1 gram daily. It is highly concentrated in meat products, cottage cheese and wheat germ. The threonine content of most of the infant formulas currently on the market is approximately 20\\\\\\% higher than the threonine concentration in human milk. Due to this high threonine content the plasma threonine concentrations are up to twice as high in premature infants fed these formulas than in infants fed human milk. The whey proteins which are used for infant formulas are sweet whey proteins. Sweet whey results from cheese production. Threonine catabolism in mammals appears to be due primarily (70-80\\\\\\%) to the activity of threonine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.103) that oxidizes threonine to 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate, which forms glycine and acetyl CoA, whereas threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) that catabolizes threonine into 2-oxobutyrate and ammonia, is significantly less active. Increasing the threonine plasma concentrations leads to accumulation of threonine and glycine in the brain. Such accumulation affects the neurotransmitter balance which may have consequences for the brain development during early postnatal life. Thus, excessive threonine intake during infant feeding should be avoided. (A3450). An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. See also: Amlisimod (monomer of) ... View More ... Threonine (Thr) or L-threonine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-threonine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Threonine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. Threonine is sometimes considered as a branched chain amino acid. Threonine was actually the last of the 20 amino acids to be discovered (in 1938). It was named threonine because it was similar in structure to threonic acid, a four-carbon monosaccharide. Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and that it must be obtained from the diet. Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, black turtle bean and sesame seeds. Adult humans require about 20 mg/kg body weight/day. In plants and microorganisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via alpha-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. In proteins, the threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxyl side-chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. Threonine is abundant in human plasma, particularly in newborns. Severe deficiency of threonine causes neurological dysfunction and lameness in experimental animals. Threonine is an immunostimulant which promotes the growth of thymus gland. It also can probably promote cell immune defense function. The threonine content of most of the infant formulas currently on the market is approximately 20\\\\\\% higher than the threonine concentration in human milk. Due to this high threonine content the plasma threonine concentrations are up to twice as high in premature infants fed these formulas than in infants fed human milk. The whey proteins which are used for infant formulas are sweet whey proteins. Sweet whey results from cheese production. Increasing the threonine plasma concentrations leads to accumulation of threonine and glycine in the brain. Such accumulation affects the neurotransmitter balance which may have consequences for the brain development during early postnatal life. Thus, excessive threonine intake during infant feeding should be avoided. (PMID 9853925). Threonine is metabolized in at least two ways. In many animals it is converted to pyruvate via threonine dehydrogenase. An intermediate in this pathway can undergo thiolysis with CoA to produce acetyl-CoA and glycine. In humans the gene for threonine dehydrogenase is an inactive pseudogene, so threonine is converted to alpha-ketobutyrate. From wide variety of protein hydrolysates. Dietary supplement, nutrient L-Threonine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=72-19-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 72-19-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-Threonine, an essential amino acid, has the potential to treat hypostatic leg ulceration[1]. L-Threonine is a natural amino acid, can be produced by microbial fermentation, and is used in food, medicine, or feed[1]. L-Threonine is a natural amino acid, can be produced by microbial fermentation, and is used in food, medicine, or feed[1].

Rutaecarpine

C18H13N3O (287.1059)

Rutecarpine is a member of beta-carbolines. Rutaecarpine is a natural product found in Bouchardatia neurococca, Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum, and other organisms with data available. Rutaecarpine belongs to the family of Pyridopyrimidines. These are compounds containing a pyridopyrimidine, which consists of a pyridine fused to a pyrimidine. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM. Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM.

Niacinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

Nicotinamide is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinamide is a pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. It has a role as an EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor, a metabolite, a cofactor, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Sir2 inhibitor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinecarboxamide and a pyridine alkaloid. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Nicotinamide is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Euonymus grandiflorus, and other organisms with data available. Niacinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 and a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Niacinamide acts as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. This agent also inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Nicotinamide is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Niacinamide or vitamin B3 is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is used to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide, while both labeled as vitamin B3 also have different applications. Niacinamide is useful in arthritis and early-onset type I diabetes while niacin is an effective reducer of high cholesterol levels. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Dapsone; niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Niacinamide; Titanium Dioxide (component of) ... View More ... Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide (NAM), is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. Niacinamide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. The structure of nicotinamide consists of a pyridine ring to which a primary amide group is attached in the meta position. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. As an aromatic compound, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions and transformations of its two functional groups. Niacinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into nicotinic acid mononucleotide and phosphate by the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, niacinamide is involved in the metabolic disorder called the nad+ signalling pathway (cancer). Niacinamide is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, niacinamide is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common sages, cow milk, and cocoa beans and in a lower concentration in common pea. Niacinamide has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as yardlong beans, roselles, apples, oyster mushrooms, and swiss chards. Niacinamide occurs in trace amounts mainly in meat, fish, nuts, and mushrooms, as well as to a lesser extent in some vegetables. It is commonly added to cereals and other foods. Many multivitamins contain 20–30 mg of vitamin B3 and it is also available in higher doses. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. Widespread in plants, e.g. rice, yeast and fungi. Dietary supplement, may be used in infant formulas Nicotinamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=98-92-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 98-92-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].

Nicotinic acid

C6H5NO2 (123.032)

Nicotinic acid is an odorless white crystalline powder with a feebly acid taste. pH (saturated aqueous solution) 2.7. pH (1.3\\\\\% solution) 3-3.5. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. It has a role as an antidote, an antilipemic drug, a vasodilator agent, a metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid and a pyridine alkaloid. It is a conjugate acid of a nicotinate. Niacin is a B vitamin used to treat vitamin deficiencies as well as hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarctions. Nicotinic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Niacin is a Nicotinic Acid. Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid and vitamin B3, is a water soluble, essential B vitamin that, when given in high doses, is effective in lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and raising high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which makes this agent of unique value in the therapy of dyslipidemia. Niacin can cause mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations and high doses and certain formulations of niacin have been linked to clinically apparent, acute liver injury which can be severe as well as fatal. Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP. These coenzymes play an important role in tissue respiration and in glycogen, lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism. Although the exact mechanism of action by which niacin lowers cholesterol is not fully understood, it may act by inhibiting the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, and reducing the hepatic synthesis of VLDL-C and LDL-C. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan (see below), but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient. A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan, but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient. Nicotinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=59-67-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 59-67-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

Narirutin

C27H32O14 (580.1792)

Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Narirutin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). obtained from Camellia sinensis (tea). Narirutin is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, globe artichoke, grapefruit, and grapefruit/pummelo hybrid. Narirutin is found in globe artichoke. Narirutin is obtained from Camellia sinensis (tea Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2]. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2].

Lycorine

C16H17NO4 (287.1158)

Lycorine is an indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity. It has a role as a protein synthesis inhibitor, an antimalarial, a plant metabolite and an anticoronaviral agent. It derives from a hydride of a galanthan. Lycorine is a natural product found in Sternbergia clusiana, Pancratium trianthum, and other organisms with data available. Lycorine is a toxic crystalline alkaloid found in various Amaryllidaceae species, such as the cultivated bush lily (Clivia miniata), surprise lilies (Lycoris), and daffodils (Narcissus). It may be highly poisonous, or even lethal, when ingested in certain quantities. Symptoms of lycorine toxicity are vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsions. Lycorine, definition at mercksource.com Regardless, it is sometimes used medicinally, a reason why some groups may harvest the very popular Clivia miniata. An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.144 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.136 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.138 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2316 INTERNAL_ID 2316; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) [Raw Data] CBA60_Lycorine_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA60_Lycorine_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA60_Lycorine_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA60_Lycorine_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA60_Lycorine_pos_20eV.txt Lycorine is a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant. Lycorine is a potent and orally active SCAP inhibitor with a Kd value 15.24 nM. Lycorine downregulates the SCAP protein level without changing its transcription[2]. Lycorine is also a melanoma vasculogenic inhibitor[3]. Lycorine can be used for the study of prostate cancer and metabolic diseases[2].
Lycorine is a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant. Lycorine is a potent and orally active SCAP inhibitor with a Kd value 15.24 nM. Lycorine downregulates the SCAP protein level without changing its transcription[2]. Lycorine is also a melanoma vasculogenic inhibitor[3]. Lycorine can be used for the study of prostate cancer and metabolic diseases[2].
Lycorine is a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant. Lycorine is a potent and orally active SCAP inhibitor with a Kd value 15.24 nM. Lycorine downregulates the SCAP protein level without changing its transcription[2]. Lycorine is also a melanoma vasculogenic inhibitor[3]. Lycorine can be used for the study of prostate cancer and metabolic diseases[2].

p-Synephrine

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

Synephrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an alpha-adrenergic agonist. It is a phenethylamine alkaloid, a member of phenols and a member of ethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a synephrinium. Synephrine, also referred to as, p-synephrine, is naturally occurring alkaloid. It is present in approved drug products as neo-synephrine, its m-substituted analog. p-synephrine and m-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to norepinephrine. The similarity of naming between m-synephrine and the unsubstituted form, synephrine, is a source of some confusion however m-synephrine refers to a related drug more commonly known as phenylephrine. While the compounds share some chemical and pharmacological similarities, they are in fact distinct chemical entities. Synephrine is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Ephedra sinica, and other organisms with data available. Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma. Synephrine (or oxedrine) is a drug commonly used for weight loss. While its effectiveness is widely debated, synephrine has gained significant popularity as an alternative to ephedrine, a related substance which has been made illegal or restricted in many countries due to its use as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions [citation needed]. Synephrine is derived primarily from the fruit of Citrus aurantium, a relatively small citrus tree, of which several of its more common names include Bitter Orange, Sour Orange, and Zhi shi.; There has been some confusion surrounding synephrine and phenylephrine (neosynephrine), one of its positional isomers. The chemicals are similar in structure; the only difference is the location of the aromatic hydroxyl group. In synephrine, the hydroxyl is at the para position, whereas, in neosynephrine, it is at the meta position. Each compound has differing biological properties.; p-Synephrine is an endogenous amine in plasma, in variable levels with a tendency to be higher in hypertensive patients (PMID 8255371). C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. p-Synephrine is an endogenous amine in plasma, in variable levels with a tendency to be higher in hypertensive patients (PMID 8255371). 辛弗林（Synephrine），又称为辛弗林碱或对羟福林，是一种生物碱，化学结构与肾上腺素类似。它在中药中是一种重要的活性成分，尤其在某些温热性中药中含量较高，如麻黄（Ephedra sinica）。 在中医中，辛弗林具有发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿等功效，常用于治疗感冒、哮喘、风水浮肿等症状。此外，辛弗林作为一种强效的α-受体激动剂和较弱的β-受体激动剂，也具有一定的减肥和增强代谢的效果，因此在一些减肥补充剂中也有应用。 p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood. p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2]. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2]. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2].

Haematoxylin

C16H14O6 (302.079)

An organic heterotetracyclic compound 7,11b-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromene carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a, 9 and 10. The most important and most used dye in histology, histochemistry, histopathology and in cytology. Hematoxylin appears as white to yellowish crystals that redden on exposure to light. (NTP, 1992) (+)-haematoxylin is a haematoxylin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-haematoxylin. Hematoxylin is a natural product found in Haematoxylum brasiletto and Haematoxylum campechianum with data available. A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink. D004396 - Coloring Agents

Senkyunolide

C12H16O2 (192.115)

Senkyunolide is a member of 2-benzofurans. Senkyunolide A is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Celery (part of); Scutellaria baicalensis Root (part of); Angelica acutiloba Root (part of) ... View More ... Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2]. Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2].

Isovitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an isovitexin-7-olate. Isovitexin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Rauhiella, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Acai (part of); Crataegus monogyna flowering top (part of). [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_20eV_1-7_01_1425.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_10eV_1-7_01_1369.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_30eV_1-7_01_1399.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_40eV_1-7_01_1427.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_30eV_1-7_01_1426.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_50eV_1-7_01_1428.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_20eV_1-7_01_1398.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_10eV_1-7_01_1358.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_40eV_1-7_01_1400.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_50eV_1-7_01_1401.txt Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.

Isoorientin 7-O-(6'-O-(E)-feruloyl)glucoside

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside, also known as homoorientin or luteolin-6-C-beta-D-glucoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside can be synthesized from luteolin. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, isoorientin 7-O-glucoside, 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl]isoorientin, and 7-O-(6-sinapoylglucosyl)isoorientin. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside can be found in barley, which makes isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_20eV_1-3_01_1409.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_20eV_1-3_01_1382.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_50eV_1-3_01_1385.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_40eV_1-3_01_1411.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_10eV_1-3_01_1365.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_50eV_1-3_01_1412.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_10eV_1-3_01_1354.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_40eV_1-3_01_1384.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_30eV_1-3_01_1383.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_30eV_1-3_01_1410.txt Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Vitamin D3

C27H44O (384.3392)

Vitamin d3 appears as fine colorless crystals. Water insoluble. (NTP, 1992) Calciol is a hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. It has a role as a human metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a seco-cholestane, a hydroxy seco-steroid, a member of D3 vitamins, a secondary alcohol and a steroid hormone. Vitamin D, in general, is a secosteroid generated in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol located there interacts with ultraviolet irradiation - like that commonly found in sunlight. Both the endogenous form of vitamin D (that results from 7-dehydrocholesterol transformation), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), and the plant-derived form, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), are considered the main forms of vitamin d and are found in various types of food for daily intake. Structurally, ergocalciferol differs from cholecalciferol in that it possesses a double bond between C22 and C23 and has an additional methyl group at C24. Finally, ergocalciferol is pharmacologically less potent than cholecalciferol, which makes vitamin D3 the preferred agent for medical use. Appropriate levels of vitamin D must be upheld in the body in order to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in a healthy physiologic range to sustain a variety of metabolic functions, transcription regulation, and bone metabolism. However, studies are also ongoing to determine whether or not cholecalciferol may also play certain roles in cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and other medical conditions that may be associated with vitamin D deficiency. Cholecalciferol is a Vitamin D. Cholecalciferol is a natural product found in Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Theobroma cacao, and other organisms with data available. Cholecalciferol is a steroid hormone produced in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light or obtained from dietary sources. The active form of cholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) plays an important role in maintaining blood calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of bone. The activated form of cholecalciferol binds to vitamin D receptors and modulates gene expression. This leads to an increase in serum calcium concentrations by increasing intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium, promoting distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increasing osteoclastic resorption. Cholecalciferol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ergocalciferol in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. [PubChem]The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubula... Vitamin D3, also called cholecalciferol, is one of the forms of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, in mineralization of bone, and for the assimilation of Vitamin A. It is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol (although vitamin D3, itself, is a secosteroid). Vitamin D3 is a derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ergocalciferol in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. Vitamin D3 can also come from dietary sources, such as beef liver, cheese, egg yolks, and fatty fish (PubChem). The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation catalyzed by 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyzes the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by (1) increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, (2) increasing osteoclastic resorption, and (3) increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through the formation of a calcium-binding protein. Vitamin d, also known as colecalciferol or calciol, belongs to vitamin d and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane. Thus, vitamin d is considered to be a secosteroid lipid molecule. Vitamin d is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Vitamin d can be found in a number of food items such as dumpling, vinegar, chocolate, and margarine, which makes vitamin d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Vitamin d can be found primarily in blood and urine. Vitamin d is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Vitamin d is a drug which is used for the treatment of vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency, refractory rickets (vitamin d resistant rickets), familial hypophosphatemia and hypoparathyroidism, and in the management of hypocalcemia and renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. also used in conjunction with calcium in the management and prevention of primary or corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Melatonin

C13H16N2O2 (232.1212)

Melatonin is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. It has a role as a hormone, an anticonvulsant, an immunological adjuvant, a radical scavenger, a central nervous system depressant, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of acetamides and a member of tryptamines. It is functionally related to a tryptamine. Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is located in the center of the brain (rostro-dorsal to the superior colliculus) but outside the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of melatonin increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light, thereby regulating the circadian rhythms of several biological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. In particular, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and lowering the body temperature. Melatonin is also implicated in the regulation of mood, learning and memory, immune activity, dreaming, fertility and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated through the binding and activation of melatonin receptors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may have lower than normal levels of melatonin. A 2008 study found that unaffected parents of individuals with ASD also have lower melatonin levels, and that the deficits were associated with low activity of the ASMT gene, which encodes the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Reduced melatonin production has also been proposed as a likely factor in the significantly higher cancer rates in night workers. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that has multiple effects including somnolence, and is believed to play a role in regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is available over-the-counter and is reported to have beneficial effects on wellbeing and sleep. Melatonin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury. Melatonin is a natural product found in Mesocricetus auratus, Ophiopogon japonicus, and other organisms with data available. Therapeutic Melatonin is a therapeutic chemically synthesized form of the pineal indole melatonin with antioxidant properties. The pineal synthesis and secretion of melatonin, a serotonin-derived neurohormone, is dependent on beta-adrenergic receptor function. Melatonin is involved in numerous biological functions including circadian rhythm, sleep, the stress response, aging, and immunity. Melatonin is a hormone involved in sleep regulatory activity, and a tryptophan-derived neurotransmitter, which inhibits the synthesis and secretion of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and GABA. Melatonin is synthesized from serotonin intermediate in the pineal gland and the retina where the enzyme 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, that catalyzes the last step of synthesis, is found. This hormone binds to and activates melatonin receptors and is involved in regulating the sleep and wake cycles. In addition, melatonin possesses antioxidative and immunoregulatory properties via regulating other neurotransmitters. Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is l... Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is located in the center of the brain (rostro-dorsal to the superior colliculus) but outside the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of melatonin increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light, thereby regulating the circadian rhythms of several biological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. In particular, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and. lowering the body temperature. Melatonin is also implicated in the regulation of mood,learning and memory, immune activity, dreaming, fertility and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated through the binding and activation of melatonin receptors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) may have lower than normal levels of melatonin. A 2008 study found that unaffected parents of individuals with ASD also have lower melatonin levels, and that the deficits. were associated with low activity of the ASMT gene, which encodes the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Reduced melatonin production has also been proposed as a likely factor in the significantly higher cancer rates in night workers. Melatonin, also known chemically as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a naturally occurring compound found in animals, plants and microbes. In animals, circulating levels of the hormone melatonin vary in a daily cycle, thereby allowing the entrainment of the circadian rhythms of several biological functions. A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. Melatonin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=73-31-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 73-31-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5]. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].

Ursolic acid

C30H48O3 (456.3603)

Ursolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has been isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, such as Eriobotrya japonica, Rosmarinns officinalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, Ocimum sanctum and Glechoma hederaceae. UA has been reported to produce antitumor activities and antioxidant activity, and is reported to have an antioxidant activity. UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS (reactive oxygen species). It has been found recently that ursolic acid treatment affects growth and apoptosis in cancer cells. (PMID: 15994040, 17516235, 17213663). Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Ursolic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. Ursolic Acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, with a variety of potential pharmacologic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, serum lipid-lowering, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, ursolic acid may promote apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms. This may include the regulation of mitochondrial function through various pathways including the ROCK/PTEN and p53 pathways, the suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, and the increase in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of). D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent Found in wax of apples, pears and other fruits. V. widely distributed in plants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

Rutin

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

Rutin is a flavonoid known to have a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties. A large number of flavonoids, mostly O-glycosides, are polyphenolic compounds of natural origin that are present in most fruits and vegetables. The average intake of the compounds by humans on a normal diet is more than 1 g per day. Although flavonoids are devoid of classical nutritional value, they are increasingly viewed as beneficial dietary components that act as potential protectors against human diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease. Rutin acts as a quercetin deliverer to the large intestine; moreover, quercetin is extensively metabolized in the large intestine, which suggests that quercetin liberated from rutin and/or its colonic metabolites may play a role. Rutins anti-inflammatory actions are mediated through a molecular mechanism that underlies the quercetin-mediated therapeutic effects: quercetin-mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. TNF-alpha-induced NFkB activity plays a central role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in progression of gut inflammation. (PMID:16132362). Rutin is a rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a rutinoside. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. Rutin is a natural product found in Ficus virens, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. See also: Quercetin (related); Ginkgo (part of); Chamomile (part of) ... View More ... First isolated from Ruta graveolens (rue). Bioflavanoid. Quercetin 3-rutinoside is found in many foods, some of which are tea, bilberry, common oregano, and lemon grass. A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids IPB_RECORD: 541; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_20eV.txt Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].

Apiin

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Apiin is found in celery leaves. Apiin is a constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isolated in 1843 Apiin is a chemical compound isolated from parsley and celery Constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isol. in 1843 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2350 Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].

Lovastatin

C24H36O5 (404.2563)

Lovastatin is a fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a prodrug, an anticholesteremic drug and an antineoplastic agent. It is a polyketide, a statin (naturally occurring), a member of hexahydronaphthalenes, a delta-lactone and a fatty acid ester. It is functionally related to a (S)-2-methylbutyric acid and a mevastatin. Lovastatin, also known as the brand name product Mevacor, is a lipid-lowering drug and fungal metabolite derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. Originally named Mevinolin, lovastatin belongs to the statin class of medications, which are used to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and manage abnormal lipid levels by inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol in the liver. More specifically, statin medications competitively inhibit the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid and is the third step in a sequence of metabolic reactions involved in the production of several compounds involved in lipid metabolism and transport including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sometimes referred to as "bad cholesterol"), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Prescribing of statin medications is considered standard practice following any cardiovascular events and for people with a moderate to high risk of development of CVD, such as those with Type 2 Diabetes. The clear evidence of the benefit of statin use coupled with very minimal side effects or long term effects has resulted in this class becoming one of the most widely prescribed medications in North America. Lovastatin and other drugs from the statin class of medications including [atorvastatin], [pravastatin], [rosuvastatin], [fluvastatin], and [simvastatin] are considered first-line options for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Increasing use of the statin class of drugs is largely due to the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, has become a leading cause of death in high-income countries and a major cause of morbidity around the world. Elevated cholesterol levels, and in particular, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are an important risk factor for the development of CVD. Use of statins to target and reduce LDL levels has been shown in a number of landmark studies to significantly reduce the risk of development of CVD and all-cause mortality. Statins are considered a cost-effective treatment option for CVD due to their evidence of reducing all-cause mortality including fatal and non-fatal CVD as well as the need for surgical revascularization or angioplasty following a heart attack. Evidence has shown that even for low-risk individuals (with <10\\\\% risk of a major vascular event occurring within 5 years) statins cause a 20\\\\%-22\\\\% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, and coronary death) for every 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL without any significant side effects or risks. While all statin medications are considered equally effective from a clinical standpoint, [rosuvastatin] is considered the most potent; doses of 10 to 40mg [rosuvastatin] per day were found in clinical studies to result in a 45.8\\\\% to 54.6\\\\% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels, while lovastatin has been found to have an average decrease in LDL-C of 25-40\\\\%. Potency is thought to correlate to tissue permeability as the more lipophilic statins such as lovastatin are thought to enter endothelial cells by passive diffusion, as opposed to hydrophilic statins such as [pravastatin] and [rosuvastatin] which are taken up into hepatocytes through OATP1B1 (org... Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that belongs to the class of medications called statins. It was the second agent of this class discovered. It was discovered by Alfred Alberts and his team at Merck in 1978 after screening only 18 compounds over 2 weeks. The agent, also known as mevinolin, was isolated from the fungi Aspergillus terreus. Research on this compound was suddenly shut down in 1980 and the drug was not approved until 1987. Interesting, Akira Endo at Sankyo Co. (Japan) patented lovastatin isolated from Monascus ruber four months before Merck. Lovastatin was found to be 2 times more potent than its predecessor, mevastatin, the first discovered statin. Like mevastatin, lovastatin is structurally similar to hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG), a substituent of HMG-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), a substrate of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway via the mevalonic acid pathway. Lovastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a binding affinity 20,000 times greater than HMG-CoA. Lovastatin differs structurally from mevastatin by a single methyl group at the 6 position. Lovastatin is a prodrug that is activated by in vivo hydrolysis of the lactone ring. It, along with mevastatin, has served as one of the lead compounds for the development of the synthetic compounds used today. A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3139 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2212 Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol. Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.

Cosmosiin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Cosmosiin, also known as apigenin 7-O-glucoside or apigetrin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-O-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Cosmosiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cosmosiin can be found in a number of food items, such as common thyme, white lupine, common oregano, and orange mint. Cosmosiin can also be found in dandelion coffee and in Teucrium gnaphalodes (Wikipedia). Cosmosiin can also be found plants such as wild celery and anise. Cosmosiin has been shown to exhibit anti-platelet function (PMID: 21834233). Apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). It is an enantiomer of an apigenin 7-O-beta-L-glucoside. Cosmosiin is a natural product found in Galeopsis tetrahit, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Apiumetrin, also known as 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4-trihydroxyflavone or cosmosiin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Apiumetrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apiumetrin can be found in wild celery, which makes apiumetrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Annotation level-1 Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2]. Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2].

Gingerol

C17H26O4 (294.1831)

Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-hydroxy ketone and a member of guaiacols. Gingerol is a natural product found in Illicium verum, Piper nigrum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). Gingerol, a plant polyphenol, is the active constituent of fresh ginger. Chemically, gingerol is a relative of capsaicin, the compound that gives chile peppers their spiciness. It is normally found as a pungent yellow oil, but also can form a low-melting crystalline solid. Constituent of ginger Zingiber officinale. (S)-[6]-Gingerol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, star anise, cumin, and ginger. [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation.

(2R,3R,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid

C6H13NO3 (147.0895)

(4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine is an L-isoleucine derivative that is L-isoleucine bearing a (4S)-hydroxy substituent. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an amino alcohol, a L-isoleucine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is a tautomer of a (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine zwitterion. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). L-Ribo-2-Amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid is found in herbs and spices. L-Ribo-2-Amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid is a major constituent of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek (2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity[1]. (2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity[1]. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) is an amino acid which can be extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) displays an insulinotropic activity of great interest[1]. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) is an amino acid which can be extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) displays an insulinotropic activity of great interest[1].

Amygdaloside

C20H27NO11 (457.1584)

Amygdalin is found in almond. Bitter glycoside of the Rosaceae, found especially in kernels of cherries, peaches and apricots. Amygdalin is present in cold pressed bitter almond oil from the above sources prior to enzymic hydolysis and steam distillation for food use Amygdalin , C20H27NO11, is a glycoside initially isolated from the seeds of the tree Prunus dulcis, also known as bitter almonds, by Pierre-Jean Robiquet and A. F. Boutron-Charlard in 1803, and subsequently investigated by Liebig and Wohler in 1830, and others. Several other related species in the genus of Prunus, including apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and black cherry (Prunus serotina), also contain amygdalin. It was promoted as a cancer cure by Ernst T. Krebs under the name "Vitamin B17", but studies have found it to be ineffective. Amygdalin is sometimes confounded with laevomandelonitrile, also called laetrile for short; however, amygdalin and laetrile are different chemical compounds (R)-amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. D-Amygdalin is a natural product found in Prunus spinosa, Gerbera jamesonii, and other organisms with data available. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04) A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae. Amygdalin is a bitter glycoside of the Rosaceae, found in sources such as kernels of cherries, peaches and apricots. Present in cold pressed bitter almond oil from the these sources prior to enzymic hydolysis and steam distillation for food use. Amygdalin can also be found in passion fruit. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C29724 - Cyanoglycoside Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums.

Chlorogenic acid

C16H18O9 (354.0951)

Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate. Chlorogenic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Chlorogenic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Fragaria nipponica, and other organisms with data available. Chlorogenic Acid is a polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid that is found in coffee and black tea, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Chlorogenic acid scavenges free radicals, which inhibits DNA damage and may protect against the induction of carcinogenesis. In addition, this agent may upregulate the expression of genes involved in the activation of the immune system and enhances activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Chlorogenic acid also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68). See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of) ... View More ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is the major polyphenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid. The chlorogenic acid content of a 200 ml (7-oz) cup of coffee has been reported to range from 70-350 mg, which would provide about 35-175 mg of caffeic acid. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinsons disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. (PMID:16507475, 17368041). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_10eV_1-1_01_209.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_30eV_1-1_01_218.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_20eV_1-1_01_217.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_30eV_1-1_01_211.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_40eV_1-1_01_219.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_20eV_1-1_01_210.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_50eV_1-1_01_213.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_50eV_1-1_01_220.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_10eV_1-1_01_216.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_40eV_1-1_01_212.txt Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

Fisetin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Fisetin is a 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3 and 4. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, a metabolite, a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a 3-hydroxyflavonoid, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a fisetin(1-). Fisetin is a natural product found in Acacia carneorum, Acacia buxifolia, and other organisms with data available. Fisetin is an orally bioavailable naturally occurring polyphenol found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, senolytic, and longevity promoting activities. Upon administration, fisetin, as an antioxidant, scavenges free radicals, protect cells from oxidative stress, and is able to upregulate glutathione. It inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Fisetin promotes cellular metabolism, reduces senescence, regulates sirtuin function and may promote longevity. Fisetin also exerts anti-cancer activity by inhibiting certain signaling pathways. It also inhibits certain anti-apoptotic proteins and induces apoptosis in susceptible cells. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3 and 4. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone, also known as 5-desoxyquercetin or fisetinidin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, 3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone is a bitter tasting compound found in soy bean, which makes 3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.847 [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_pos_20eV_CB000018.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_pos_30eV_CB000018.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_pos_40eV_CB000018.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_pos_10eV_CB000018.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_pos_50eV_CB000018.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_neg_10eV_000011.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_neg_30eV_000011.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_neg_40eV_000011.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_neg_20eV_000011.txt [Raw Data] CB035_Fisetin_neg_50eV_000011.txt Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects. Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects. Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects.

Apigenin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Apigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin-7-olate. Apigenin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. Apigenin inhibits the expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter and the increase in hINV promoter activity. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes. (A7924). Apigenin, a flavone abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic activities through poorly defined mechanisms. This flavonoid provides selective activity to promote caspase-dependent-apoptosis of leukemia cells and uncover an essential role of PKCdelta during the induction of apoptosis by apigenin. (A7925). Apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, apigenin-mediated induction of DR5 expression is not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (A7926). 5,7,4-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. Apigenin inhibits the expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, and MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes (PMID: 16982614). Apigenin, a flavone abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic activities through poorly defined mechanisms. This flavonoid provides selective activity to promote caspase-dependent-apoptosis of leukemia cells and uncover an essential role of PKCdelta during the induction of apoptosis by apigenin (PMID: 16844095). Apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, apigenin-mediated induction of DR5 expression is not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (PMID: 16648565). Flavone found in a wide variety of foodstuffs; buckwheat, cabbage, celeriac, celery, lettuce, oregano, parsley, peppermint, perilla, pummelo juice, thyme, sweet potatoes, green tea and wild carrot [DFC] A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5093 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8561; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8572; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8554 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8539 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5089 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_10eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_40eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_20eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_30eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_50eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_40eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_20eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_10eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_50eV_000005.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 151 [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_30eV_000005.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 26 Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.

Caffeic acid

C9H8O4 (180.0423)

Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of catechols. Caffeic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Caffeic Acid is an orally bioavailable, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress, thereby preventing DNA damage induced by free radicals. Caffeic acid targets and inhibits the histone demethylase (HDM) oncoprotein gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1; JMJD2C; KDM4C) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. GASC1, a member of the KDM4 subgroup of Jumonji (Jmj) domain-containing proteins, demethylates trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K9 and H3K36), and plays a key role in tumor cell development. Caffeic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Arctium lappa Root (part of); Comfrey Leaf (part of) ... View More ... 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate, also known as trans-Caffeate, is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). trans-Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are flaxseed, cereal and cereal products, common grape, fruits, and common sage. It is also found in wine and coffee in free and conjugated forms. Caffeic acid (CAS: 331-39-5) is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). Caffeic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 28396925). Caffeic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=331-39-5 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 331-39-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Amarogentin

C29H30O13 (586.1686)

Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a secoiridoid glycoside and a monosaccharide derivative. Amarogentin is a natural product found in Swertia japonica, Gentianella nitida, and other organisms with data available. A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3].

Aesculin

C15H16O9 (340.0794)

Esculin is a hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin. Esculin is found in barley. Vitamin C2 is generally considered a bioflavanoid, related to vitamin P esculin is a glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum). Esculin belongs to the family of Glycosyl Compounds. These are carbohydrate derivatives in which a sugar group is bonded through its anmoeric carbonA to another group via a C-, S-,N-,O-, or Se- glycosidic bond. Esculin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available. A derivative of COUMARIN with molecular formula C15H16O9. See also: Horse Chestnut (part of); Aesculus hippocastanum bark (part of). Aesculin is found in barley. Vitamin C2 is generally considered a bioflavanoid, related to vitamin P Aesculin is a glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum) Vitamin C2 is generally considered a bioflavanoid, related to vitamin P A hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Esculin, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is an active ingredient of ash bark[1]. Esculin ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), and exerts anti?oxidative stress and anti?inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway[2]. Esculin, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is an active ingredient of ash bark[1]. Esculin ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), and exerts anti?oxidative stress and anti?inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway[2].

Herniarin

C10H8O3 (176.0473)

Herniarin, also known as 7-methoxycoumarin or ayapanin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as coumarins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Herniarin is a sweet, balsamic, and tonka tasting compound. Herniarin has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as barley, tarragons, roman camomiles, fruits, and wild celeries. This could make herniarin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Herniarin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. It has a role as a fluorochrome. 7-Methoxycoumarin is a natural product found in Haplopappus multifolius, Herniaria hirsuta, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of). Present in Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry). Herniarin is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, wild celery, barley, and fruits. A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect.

Genistein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Genistein is a 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, a geroprotector and a human urinary metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a genistein(1-). An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase-II (DNA topoisomerases, type II) activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 phase arrest in human and murine cell lines. Additionally, genistein has antihelmintic activity. It has been determined to be the active ingredient in Felmingia vestita, which is a plant traditionally used against worms. It has shown to be effective in the treatment of common liver fluke, pork trematode and poultry cestode. Further, genistein is a phytoestrogen which has selective estrogen receptor modulator properties. It has been investigated in clinical trials as an alternative to classical hormone therapy to help prevent cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Natural sources of genistein include tofu, fava beans, soybeans, kudzu, and lupin. Genistein is a natural product found in Pterocarpus indicus, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antineoplastic activity. Genistein binds to and inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase, thereby disrupting signal transduction and inducing cell differentiation. This agent also inhibits topoisomerase-II, leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest. Genistein exhibits antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and immunosuppressive activities. (NCI04) Genistein is one of several known isoflavones. Isoflavones compounds, such as genistein and daidzein, are found in a number of plants, but soybeans and soy products like tofu and textured vegetable protein are the primary food source. Genistein is a natural bioactive compound derived from legumes and has drawn because of its potentially beneficial effects on some human degenerative diseases. It has a weak estrogenic effect and is a well-known non-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor at pharmacological doses. Epidemiological studies show that genistein intake is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Data suggests a protective role of genistein in cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms of the genistein action on vascular protective effects are unclear. Past extensive studies exploring its hypolipidemic effect resulted in contradictory data. Genistein also is a relatively poor antioxidant. However, genistein protects against pro-inflammatory factor-induced vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and inhibits leukocyte-endothelium interaction, thereby modulating vascular inflammation, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genistein exerts a non-genomic action by targeting on important signaling molecules in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Genistein rapidly activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide in ECs. This genistein effect is novel since it is independent of its known effects, but mediated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) cascade. Genistein directly stimulates the plasma membrane-associated adenylate cyclases, leading to activation of the cAMP signaling pathway. In addition, genistein activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, ligand-activated nuclear receptors important to normal vascular function. Furthermore, genistein reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by attenuating the expression of ROS-producing enzymes. These findings reveal the roles for genistein in the regulation of vascular function and provide a basis for further investigating its therapeutic potential f... Genistein is one of several known isoflavones. Isoflavones compounds, such as genistein and daidzein, are found in a number of plants, but soybeans and soy products like tofu and textured vegetable protein are the primary food source. Genistein is a natural bioactive compound derived from legumes and has drawn because of its potentially beneficial effects on some human degenerative diseases. It has a weak estrogenic effect and is a well-known non-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor at pharmacological doses. Epidemiological studies show that genistein intake is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Data suggests a protective role of genistein in cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms of the genistein action on vascular protective effects are unclear. Past extensive studies exploring its hypolipidemic effect resulted in contradictory data. Genistein also is a relatively poor antioxidant. However, genistein protects against pro-inflammatory factor-induced vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and inhibits leukocyte-endothelium interaction, thereby modulating vascular inflammation, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genistein exerts a non-genomic action by targeting on important signaling molecules in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Genistein rapidly activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide in ECs. This genistein effect is novel since it is independent of its known effects, but mediated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) cascade. Genistein directly stimulates the plasma membrane-associated adenylate cyclases, leading to activation of the cAMP signaling pathway. In addition, genistein activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, ligand-activated nuclear receptors important to normal vascular function. Furthermore, genistein reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by attenuating the expression of ROS-producing enzymes. These findings reveal the roles for genistein in the regulation of vascular function and provide a basis for further investigating its therapeutic potential for inflammatory-related vascular disease. (PMID:17979711). Genistein is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. Genistein is a phenolic compound belonging to the isoflavonoid group. Isoflavonoids are found mainly in soybean. Genistein and daidzein (an other isoflavonoid) represent the major phytochemicals found in this plant. Health benefits (e.g. reduced risk for certain cancers and diseases of old age) associated to soya products consumption have been observed in East Asian populations and several epidemiological studies. This association has been linked to the action of isoflavonoids. With a chemical structure similar to the hormone 17-b-estradiol, soy isoflavones are able to interact with the estrogen receptor. They also possess numerous biological activities. (PMID: 15540649). Genistein is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8539 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8554 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8561; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5093 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8572; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 765; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5089 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3265 IPB_RECORD: 441; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4238 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8827 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2419 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4162 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 176 Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Cinnamaldehyde

C9H8O (132.0575)

(E)-cinnamaldehyde is the E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor, a vasodilator agent, an antifungal agent, a flavouring agent, a plant metabolite and a sensitiser. It is a 3-phenylprop-2-enal and a member of cinnamaldehydes. Cinnamaldehyde is a naturally occurring flavonoid that gives the spice cinnamon its flavour and odour. It occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum such as camphor and cassia. Sensitivity to cinnamaldehyde may be identified with a clinical patch test. Cinnamaldehyde is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of cinnamaldehyde is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Cinnamaldehyde is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum bulbosum, Cinnamomum sieboldii, and other organisms with data available. Cinnamaldehyde is the aldehyde that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. Cinnamaldehyde occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum like camphor and cassia. These trees are the natural source of cinnamon, and the essential oil of cinnamon bark is about 90\\\\% cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is also used as a fungicide. Proven effective on over 40 different crops, cinnamaldehyde is typically applied to the root systems of plants. Its low toxicity and well-known properties make it ideal for agriculture. To a lesser extent, cinnamaldehyde is an effective insecticide, and its scent is also known to repel animals like cats and dogs. Cinnamaldehyde is also known as a corrosion inhibitor for steel and other ferrous alloys in corrosive fluids. It can be used in combination with additional components such as dispersing agents, solvents and other surfactants. Concentrated cinnamaldehyde is a skin irritant, and the chemical is toxic in large doses, but no agencies suspect the compound is a carcinogen or poses a long-term health hazard. Most cinnamaldehyde is excreted in urine as cinnamic acid, an oxidized form of cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cinnamaldehyde, also known as (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenal or 3-phenylacrylaldehyde, is a member of the class of compounds known as cinnamaldehydes. Cinnamaldehydes are organic aromatic compounds containing a cinnamlaldehyde moiety, consisting of a benzene and an aldehyde group to form 3-phenylprop-2-enal. Cinnamaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cinnamaldehyde is a sweet, candy, and cinnamon tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sour cherry, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), horseradish, and sea-buckthornberry, which makes cinnamaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cinnamaldehyde can be found primarily in feces, as well as in human neuron and skin tissues. Cinnamaldehyde exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Cinnamaldehyde is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH=CHCHO. Occurring naturally as predominantly the trans (E) isomer, it gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. It is a flavonoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate pathway. This pale yellow, viscous liquid occurs in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum. The essential oil of cinnamon bark is about 50\\\\% cinnamaldehyde . The specific symptoms that can result from cinnamic aldehyde allergy can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches (L2140) (T3DB). Cinnamaldehyde is the aldehyde that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. Cinnamaldehyde occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum like camphor and cassia. These trees are the natural source of cinnamon, and the essential oil of cinnamon bark is about 90\\\\% cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is also used as a fungicide. Proven effective on over 40 different crops, cinnamaldehyde is typically applied to the root systems of plants. Its low toxicity and well-known properties make it ideal for agriculture. To a lesser extent, cinnamaldehyde is an effective insecticide, and its scent is also known to repel animals like cats and dogs. Cinnamaldehyde is also known as a corrosion inhibitor for steel and other ferrous alloys in corrosive fluids. It can be used in combination with additional components such as dispersing agents, solvents and other surfactants. Concentrated cinnamaldehyde is a skin irritant, and the chemical is toxic in large doses, but no agencies suspect the compound is a carcinogen or poses a long-term health hazard. Most cinnamaldehyde is excreted in urine as cinnamic acid, an oxidized form of cinnamaldehyde. D020011 - Protective Agents > D016587 - Antimutagenic Agents D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate[1]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits[2]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate[1]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits[2].

Genipin

C23H34O15 (550.1898)

Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside is a terpene glycoside. Genipin 1-gentiobioside is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides and Genipa americana with data available. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

Jujuboside A1

C58H94O26 (1206.6033)

Jujuboside A is a triterpenoid. (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus lotus, and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa with data available. Jujuboside A is found in fruits. Jujuboside A is isolated from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (Chinese date Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety. Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety. Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety.

Ginsenoside F2

C42H72O13 (784.4973)

Ginsenoside F2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid and a beta-D-glucoside. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. ginsenoside F2 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and Aralia elata with data available. Ginsenoside F2 is found in tea. Ginsenoside F2 is isolated from Panax species. Isolated from Panax subspecies Ginsenoside F2 is found in tea. Ginsenoside F2, a metabolite from Ginsenoside Rb1, induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells[1]. Ginsenoside F2, a metabolite from Ginsenoside Rb1, induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells[1].

Vitexin 6'-O-malonyl 2'-O-xyloside

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside, also known as apigenin 8-C-glucoside or 8-glycosyl-apigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid 8-c-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside can be synthesized from apigenin. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, vitexin 2-O-beta-L-rhamnoside, 7-O-methylvitexin 2-O-beta-L-rhamnoside, and vitexin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside can be found in common beet, which makes vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Vitexin, also known as apigenin 8-C-glucoside or 8-glycosylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid 8-C-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Vitexin is also described as an apigenin flavone glucoside. Vitexin has been found in passion flower, chasteberry, bamboo leaves, millet and Hawthorn. Vitexin has shown a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects (PMID: 27693342). Vitexin has also been shown to directly inhibit thyroid peroxidase and potentially contributes to goiter (PMID: 1696490). It is sometimes called a goitrogen. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_20eV.txt Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Luteolin 7-glucoside

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a glycosyloxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Cynaroside is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Luteolin 7-glucoside is found in anise. Luteolin 7-glucoside is a constituent of the leaves of Capsicum annuum (red pepper).Cynaroside is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It is a 7-O-glucoside of luteolin and can be found in dandelion coffee, in Ferula varia and F. foetida in Campanula persicifolia and C. rotundifolia and in Cynara scolymus (artichoke) A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Constituent of the leaves of Capsicum annuum (red pepper) Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-glucoside) is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. Cynaroside is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. Cynaroside also is a promising inhibitor for H2O2-induced apoptosis, has cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside also has antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][3][4][5].

Kaempferol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Kaempferol is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of flavonols, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol oxoanion. Kaempferol is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid which has been isolated from Delphinium, Witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276-278 degree centigrade. It is slightly soluble in water, and well soluble in hot ethanol and diethyl ether. Kaempferol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of). Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound. Very widespread in the plant world, e.g. in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Found especies in broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon [CCD] A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4291; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2358; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 47 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 45 Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

Ginsenoside Rg3

C42H72O13 (784.4973)

(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a glycoside. It is functionally related to a (20S)-protopanaxadiol. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available. (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is found in tea. (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is isolated from Panax ginseng (ginseng). D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.

Ginsenoside Ro

C48H76O19 (956.4981)

Chikusetsusaponin-V is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite. Ginsenoside Ro is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Bassia indica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of). Ginsenoside Ro is found in tea. Ginsenoside Ro is a constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng) Constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Ginsenoside Ro is found in tea. Ginsenoside Ro (Polysciasaponin P3; Chikusetsusaponin 5; Chikusetsusaponin V) exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 ?μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS. Ginsenoside Ro (Polysciasaponin P3; Chikusetsusaponin 5; Chikusetsusaponin V) exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 ?μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS.

Sudan_II

C18H16N2O (276.1263)

C.i. solvent orange 7 appears as red crystals. Insoluble in water. Sudan II is a member of azobenzenes.

Sudan_III

C22H16N4O (352.1324)

Sudan III is a bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections. It has a role as a fluorochrome, a histological dye and a carcinogenic agent. It is a member of azobenzenes, a bis(azo) compound and a member of naphthols. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol. D004396 - Coloring Agents

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin /ˈæli.ɪn/ is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic.[1] It is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin and other thiosulfinates in garlic are unstable and form a number of other compounds, such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), dithiins and ajoene.[2] Garlic powder is not a source of alliin, nor is fresh garlic upon maceration, since the enzymatic conversion to allicin takes place in the order of seconds. Alliin was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry.[3] Constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion, garlic, and onion-family vegetables. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is a constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Epigallocatechin gallate

C22H18O11 (458.0849)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the principal catechin in tea from Camellia sinensis, the most consumed beverage worldwide (after water). Depending on brew time and temperature, a single cup of green tea may contain 100-200 mg EGCG. To control the dose of EGCG administered in experimental studies, green tea solids (GTS) or capsules of green tea extract standardized to EGCG content are often employed. However, there is considerable variability in the EGCG content of commercially available dietary supplements, ranging from 12-143\\\\\\\\% of the tablet or capsule weight. While standardizing tea preparations to EGCG or using highly purified EGCG for research presents an important strategy for the conduct of precise studies as well as the ability to replicate experiments, it is worth noting this approach limits the potential contributions and possible synergy with other bioactive tea ingredients, including caffeine and other flavonoids. Human studies of the bioavailability of green tea catechins reveal these compounds to be poorly absorbed, with <0.1\\\\\\\\% of ingested catechins appearing in blood. Most ingested EGCG is rapidly cleared from blood with an elimination half-life of {approx}3 h and preferentially excreted via bile to the colon. The growing interest in the role of EGCG in health promotion and disease prevention is reflected by an exponential growth of research publications in this field. (J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Aug;26(4):362S-365S). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate is a gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant, a Hsp90 inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, a plant metabolite, a geroprotector and an apoptosis inducer. It is a gallate ester, a polyphenol and a member of flavans. It is functionally related to a (-)-epigallocatechin. Epigallocatechin gallate has been investigated for the treatment of Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate is a natural product found in Limoniastrum guyonianum, Scurrula atropurpurea, and other organisms with data available. Epigallocatechin Gallate is a phenolic antioxidant found in a number of plants such as green and black tea. It inhibits cellular oxidation and prevents free radical damage to cells. It is under study as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. (NCI) A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016587 - Antimutagenic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2759; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2758 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2748; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2746 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2762; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2760 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2759; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2758 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2759; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2756 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5920; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5910; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2828; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2826 ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2760; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2762 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5924; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5919 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 808; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2754; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2752 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 179 Annotation level-1 (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4].

trans-3,3',4',5,5',7-Hexahydroxyflavanone

C15H12O8 (320.0532)

(+)-dihydromyricetin is an optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a dihydromyricetin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-dihydromyricetin. Dihydromyricetin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03606694 (Effect of Dihydromirycetin on Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). Dihydromyricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in the many plant species and is thought to be the active ingredient of several traditional Japanese, Chinese, and Korean medicines that are used to treat fever, parasite infections, liver diseases, and hangovers. Dihydromyricetin preparations have not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Dihydromyricetin is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Catha edulis, and other organisms with data available. (±)-trans-3,3,4,5,5,7-Hexahydroxyflavanone is found in tea. (±)-trans-3,3,4,5,5,7-Hexahydroxyflavanone is a constituent of Camellia sinensis (Chinese green tea). Constituent of Camellia sinensis (Chinese green tea). (±)-Dihydromyricetin is found in tea. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM.

Chenodeoxycholic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a chenodeoxycholate. Chenodeoxycholic acid (or Chenodiol) is an epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid (DB01586). Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones. It can also reduce the amount of other bile acids that can be harmful to liver cells when levels are elevated. Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) is a primary bile acid, synthesized in the liver and present in high concentrations in bile that is used therapeutically to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. Chronic therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in up to 30\\\\\% of patients, but chenodiol has been linked to only rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Ganoderma lucidum and Homo sapiens with data available. A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Chenodeoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-25-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-25-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Ferulic acid

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

trans-Ferulic acid is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid that can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted through the urine. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants, varying from 5 g/kg in wheat bran to 9 g/kg in sugar-beet pulp and 50 g/kg in corn kernel. It occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form (albeit rarely) and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. It is usually found as ester cross-links with polysaccharides in the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans in grasses, pectin in spinach and sugar beet, and xyloglucans in bamboo. It also can cross-link with proteins. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation (carbohydrates and proteins), it readily forms a resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical which accounts for its potent antioxidant potential. Food supplementation with curcumin and ferulic acid is considered a nutritional approach to reducing oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer disease (PMID:17127365, 1398220, 15453708, 9878519). Ferulic acid can be found in Pseudomonas and Saccharomyces (PMID:8395165). Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate. Ferulic acid is a natural product found in Haplophyllum griffithianum, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Ferulic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Angelica sinensis root (part of). Widely distributed in plants, first isolated from Ferula foetida (asafoetida). Antioxidant used to inhibit oxidn. of fats, pastry products, etc. Antifungal agent used to prevent fruit spoilage. trans-Ferulic acid is found in many foods, some of which are deerberry, peach, shea tree, and common bean. A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H074 (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.

3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Fenofibrate

C20H21ClO4 (360.1128)

Fenofibrate is a chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a geroprotector. It is a chlorobenzophenone, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an aromatic ether and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to a benzophenone. Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative like [clofibrate] and [gemfibrozil]. Fenofibrate is used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibrate was granted FDA approval on 31 December 1993. Fenofibrate is a Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor alpha Agonist. The mechanism of action of fenofibrate is as a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha Agonist. Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used in the therapy of hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia. Fenofibrate therapy is associated with mild and transient serum aminotransferase elevations and with rare instances of acute liver injury, which can be severe and prolonged and lead to significant hepatic fibrosis. Fenofibrate is a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate and prodrug with antihyperlipidemic activity. Fenofibrate is hydrolyzed in vivo to its active metabolite fenofibric acid that binds to and activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), resulting in the activation of lipoprotein lipase and reduction of the production of apoprotein C-III, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity. Increased lipolysis and a fall in plasma triglycerides, in turn, leads to the modification of the small, dense low density lipoporotein (LDL) particles into larger particles that are catabolized more rapidly due to a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors. In addition, activation of PPARalpha also increases the synthesis of apoproteins A-I, A-II, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Overall, fenofibrate reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total triglycerides and triglyceride rich lipoprotein (VLDL) while increasing HDL cholesterol. An antilipemic agent which reduces both cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. See also: Fenofibric Acid (has active moiety). Fenofibrate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antilipemic agent which reduces both cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. [PubChem]Fenofibrate exerts its therapeutic effects through activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPARa). This increases lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasma by activating lipoprotein lipase and reducing production of apoprotein C-III. The resulting fall in triglycerides produces an alteration in the size and composition of LDL from small, dense particles, to large buoyant particles. These larger particles have a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors and are catabolized rapidly. Fenofibrate is mainly used for primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia. Fenofibrate may slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy and the need for invasive treatment such as laser therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with pre-existing retinopathy.[11][12][13] It was initially indicated for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Australia.[14] The large scale, international FIELD and ACCORD-Eye trials found that fenofibrate therapy reduced required laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy by 1.5\\% over 5 years, as well as reducing progression by 3.7\\% over 4 years. [11][12][13][15] Further studies looking at the role of fenofibrate in the progression of diabetic retinopathy as the primary outcome is warranted to understand its role in this condition. Although no statistically significant cardiovascular risk benefits were identified in these trials, benefits may accrue to add on therapy to patients with high triglyceride dyslipidaemia currently taking statin medications.[16][17] Fenofibrate appears to reduce the risk of below ankle amputations in patients with Type 2 diabetes without microvascular disease.[18] The FIELD study reported that fenofibrate at doses of 200 mg daily, reduced the risk for any amputation by 37\\% independent of glycaemic control, presence or absence of dyslipidaemia and its lipid-lowering mechanism of action.[18][19] However, the cohort of participants who underwent amputations were more likely to have had previous cardiovascular disease (e.g. angina, myocardial infarction), longer duration of diabetes and had baseline neuropathy.[18][19] Fenofibrate has an off-label use as an added therapy of high blood uric acid levels in people who have gout.[20] It is used in addition to diet to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and apolipoprotein B (apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.

Bergamottin

C21H22O4 (338.1518)

Bergomottin is a furanocoumarin. It has a role as a metabolite. Bergamottin is a natural product found in Hansenia forbesii, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. See also: Lime (Citrus) (part of). D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins A natural product found in Citrus hystrix. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM.

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-formylphenol or 4-hydroxybenzenecarbonal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and balsam tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within vinegars and oats. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cardoons, colorado pinyons, oyster mushrooms, common chokecherries, and potato. This could make 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Occurs naturally combined in many glycosides. Constituent of vanillin. Isol. in free state from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=123-08-0 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 123-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations.

Phloretin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Phloretin is the aglucone of phlorizin, a plant-derived dihydrochalcone phytochemical reported to promote potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phloretin, which is present in apples, pears and tomatoes, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. Phloretin also inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways. Phloretin is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport (PMID:18158826, 11560962, 18063724, 15671209, 12083758). Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. Phloretin has been found to be a metabolite of Escherichia (PMID:23542617). Phloretin is a member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2, 4 and 6. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a dihydrochalcone. Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin is a natural product found in Malus doumeri, Populus candicans, and other organisms with data available. A natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It is the phloroglucin ester of paraoxyhydratropic acid. It can be found in apple tree leaves. Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2, 4 and 6. IPB_RECORD: 341; CONFIDENCE confident structure Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].

Bergapten

C12H8O4 (216.0423)

Bergapten, also known as O-methylbergaptol or heraclin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 5-methoxypsoralens. These are psoralens containing a methoxy group attached at the C5 position of the psoralen group. Bergapten is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, figs, and parsnips and in a lower concentration in carrots, fennels, and celery stalks. Bergapten has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as coconuts, pepper (c. frutescens), corianders, sesbania flowers, and cardamoms. This could make bergapten a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in rose hip, sweet marjoram, greenthread tea, and tartary buckwheat. Bergapten is a potentially toxic compound. Bergapten is a major constituent of bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia). Present in celery, especially the outer leaves, and other common grocery vegetables. Implicated in photodermatitis among grocery workers. Bergapten was under investigation in clinical trial NCT00533195 "Comparison of UVA1 Phototherapy Versus Photochemotherapy for Patients With Severe Generalized Atopic Dermatitis". Grayish-white microcrystalline powder or yellow fluffy solid. (NTP, 1992) 5-methoxypsoralen is a 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of psoralens, a 5-methoxyfurocoumarin and an organic heterotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to a psoralen. Bergapten is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00533195 (Comparison of UVA1 Phototherapy Versus Photochemotherapy for Patients With Severe Generalized Atopic Dermatitis). Bergapten is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS. See also: Parsley (part of); Anise (part of); Angelica archangelica root (part of) ... View More ... Bergapten is a major constituent of bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia). Present in celery, esp. the outer leaves, and other common grocery vegetables. Implicated in photodermatitis among grocery workers. It is also found in rose hip, sweet marjoram, greenthread tea, and tartary buckwheat. D - Dermatologicals > D05 - Antipsoriatics > D05B - Antipsoriatics for systemic use > D05BA - Psoralens for systemic use D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8020; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8017 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8002; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8000 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7968; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7967 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8005; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8002 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1068; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8376; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8372 [Raw Data] CBA84_Bergapten_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA84_Bergapten_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA84_Bergapten_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA84_Bergapten_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA84_Bergapten_pos_50eV.txt Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms. Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms.

Acarbose

C25H43NO18 (645.248)

Acarbose is a tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of a dideoxy-4-{[4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl C7 cyclitol moiety [called valienol (or valienamine)] linked via nitrogen to isomaltotriose. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate base of an acarbose(1+). Acarbose is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor which decreases intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and is used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes. Acarbose has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Acarbose is a natural product found in Streptomyces glaucescens, Streptomyces coelicoflavus, and other organisms with data available. Acarbose is a pseudotetrasaccharide and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase with antihyperglycemic activity. Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides. This prevents the breakdown of larger carbohydrates into glucose and decreases the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels. In addition, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase which hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the small intestines. An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE. An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BF - Alpha glucosidase inhibitors D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D065089 - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin[1][2][3].

Hesperetin

C16H14O6 (302.079)

Hesperetin, also known as prestwick_908 or YSO2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 4-o-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C4 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, hesperetin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Hesperetin also seems to upregulate the LDL receptor. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside , is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges. Hesperetin is a drug which is used for lowering cholesterol and, possibly, otherwise favorably affecting lipids. In vitro research also suggests the possibility that hesperetin might have some anticancer effects and that it might have some anti-aromatase activity. Hesperetin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Hesperetin is a bitter tasting compound. Hesperetin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as limes, persian limes, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in pummelo, welsh onions, and lemons. Hesperetin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as yellow bell peppers, carrots, rapinis, hazelnuts, and beers. Hesperetin is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Hesperetin reduces or inhibits the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase genes (ACAT1 and ACAT2) and it reduces microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity. Hesperetin is a trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4-position. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavanone, a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is a conjugate acid of a hesperetin(1-). Hesperetin belongs to the flavanone class of flavonoids. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside [hesperidin], is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges. Hesperetin is a natural product found in Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, Dalbergia parviflora, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Mentha (peppermint) and numerous Citrussubspecies, with lemons, tangerines and oranges being especially good sources. Nutriceutical with anti-cancer props. Glycosides also widely distributed A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4-position. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_40eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_50eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_30eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_20eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_10eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_20eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_10eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_40eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_50eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_30eV_000014.txt Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis.

Salidroside

C14H20O7 (300.1209)

Salidroside is a glycoside. Salidroside is a natural product found in Plantago australis, Plantago coronopus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Sedum roseum root (part of); Rhodiola crenulata root (part of). Salidroside is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Salidroside is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Quercetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Quercetin appears as yellow needles or yellow powder. Converts to anhydrous form at 203-207 °F. Alcoholic solutions taste very bitter. (NTP, 1992) Quercetin is a pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a protein kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a phytoestrogen, a radical scavenger, a chelator, an Aurora kinase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin-7-olate. Quercetin is a flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin. Quercetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many foods and herbs and is a regular component of a normal diet. Extracts of quercetin have been used to treat or prevent diverse conditions including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, rheumatic diseases, infections and cancer but have not been shown to be effective in clinical trials for any medical condition. Quercetin as a nutritional supplement is well tolerated and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to episodes of clinically apparent liver injury. Quercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercitin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adju... Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercetin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adjustment for known risk factors and other dietary components. A limited number of intervention studies with flavonoids and flavonoid containing foods and extracts has been performed in several pathological conditions (PMID:17015250). Quercetin is isolated from many plants, especially fruits, such as Helichrysum, Euphorbia and Karwinskia spp. Present in the Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Passifloraceae and many other families. For example detected in almost all studied Umbelliferae. Nutriceutical with antiinflammatory props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Found in a wide variety of foods especially apples, bee pollen, blackcurrants, capers, cocoa, cranberries, dock leaves, elderberries, fennel, lovage, red onions, ancho peppers, dill weed and tarragon. A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4014; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4012 INTERNAL_ID 298; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4019; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4016 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4024; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4023 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_30eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 1761; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_10eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_20eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_40eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_50eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 161; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_40eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_50eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_20eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_30eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_10eV_000027.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 54 Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].

Obacunone

C26H30O7 (454.1991)

Constituent of Citrus subspecies, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat) and Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Obacunone is found in many foods, some of which are pomes, sweet orange, lemon, and fruits. Obacunone is found in fruits. Obacunone is a constituent of Citrus species, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat) and Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple) Obacunone is a limonoid. Obacunone is a natural product found in Limonia acidissima, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1]. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1].

Procyanidin B2

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Procyanidin B2 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin, a biflavonoid and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Procyanidin B2 is a natural product found in Begonia fagifolia, Saraca asoca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cocoa (part of); Primula veris flower (part of). A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. Present in red wine. Procyanidin B2 is found in many foods, some of which are alcoholic beverages, sherry, bilberry, and yellow zucchini. Procyanidin B2 is found in alcoholic beverages. Procyanidin B2 is present in red wine. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities.

Sinapic acid

C11H12O5 (224.0685)

Sinapic acid, also known as sinapinate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Sinapic acid has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as strawberry guava, purple lavers, common verbena, ryes, and lupines. This could make sinapic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. Trans-sinapic acid is a sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a trans-sinapate. Sinapic acid is a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination. It is also a constituent of propolis. Sinapic acid is a natural product found in Sida acuta, Limoniastrum guyonianum, and other organisms with data available. A common constituent of plants and fruits. trans-Sinapic acid is found in many foods, some of which are small-leaf linden, redcurrant, malabar spinach, and blackcurrant. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00014.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00015.jpg CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 174 Annotation level-1 Annotation level-2 KEIO_ID S028 Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM[1], and also inhibits ACE-I activity[2]. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells[1]. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities[2]. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats[3]. Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM[1], and also inhibits ACE-I activity[2]. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells[1]. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities[2]. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats[3].

Nodakenetic

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetic, also known as (-)-marmesin or marmesin, (R)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as psoralens. Psoralens are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Nodakenetic is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Nodakenetic can be found in wild celery, which makes nodakenetic a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Nodakenetin is a marmesin with R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a rat metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-marmesin. Nodakenetin is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Melicope barbigera, and other organisms with data available. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.

beta-Sitosterol

C29H50O (414.3861)

beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Betulinic acid

C30H48O3 (456.3603)

Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, an antimalarial, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Betulinic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome. Betulinic acid is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Gladiolus italicus, and other organisms with data available. Betulinic Acid is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin (isolated from the bark of Betula alba, the common white birch) with antiinflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis through induction of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in the release of mitochondrial apogenic factors, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Although originally thought to exhibit specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, this agent has been found to be cytotoxic against non-melanoma tumor cell types including neuroectodermal and brain tumor cells. A lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin which was originally isolated from BETULA or birch tree. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. See also: Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). Betulinic acid is found in abiyuch. Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid which has anti-retroviral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as a more recently discovered potential as an anticancer agent, by inhibition of topoisomerase. It is found in the bark of several species of plants, principally the white birch (Betula pubescens) from which it gets its name, but also the Ber tree (Ziziphus mauritiana), the tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum and Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), flowering quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), Rosemary, and Pulsatilla chinensis. Controversial is a role of p53 in betulinic acid-induced apoptosis. Fulda suggested p53-independent mechanism of the apoptosis, basing on fact of no accumulation of wild-type p53 detected upon treatment with the betulinic acid, whereas wild-type p53 protein strongly increased after treatment with doxorubicin. The suggestion is supported by study of Raisova. On the other hand Rieber suggested that betulinic acid exerts its inhibitory effect on human metastatic melanoma partly by increasing p53 A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].

beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside

C35H60O6 (576.439)

Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is found in herbs and spices. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a constituent of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) leaves. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.

Ginsenoside K

C36H62O8 (622.4444)

Ginsenoside C-K is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. ginsenoside C-K is a natural product found in Panax ginseng and Fusarium sacchari with data available. A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside K. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=39262-14-1 (retrieved 2024-10-17) (CAS RN: 39262-14-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Alstonine

C21H20N2O3 (348.1474)

Alstonine is an indole alkaloid with formula C21H20N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia species and exhibits antipsychotic activity. It has a role as an antipsychotic agent. It is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a zwitterion and an indole alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of an alstonine(1+). Alstonine is a natural product found in Alstonia constricta, Rauvolfia vomitoria, and other organisms with data available. An indole alkaloid with formula C21H20N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia species and exhibits antipsychotic activity. Oxayohimbanium, 3,4,5,6,16,17-hexadehydro-16-(methoxycarbonyl)-19-methyl-, inner salt, (19α,20α)-. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=642-18-2 (retrieved 2024-07-04) (CAS RN: 642-18-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

D-Citronellol

C10H20O (156.1514)

Citronellol is formally classified as alkylalcohol although it is biochemically a monoterpenoid as it is synthesized from isoprene units. Citronellol is a neutral compound. It is a naturally occurring organic compound found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Citronellol occurs in many essential oils as either ‚Äì or + enantiomers. -Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55\\\\\\%) and Pelargonium geraniums while + citronellol is found in citronella oils extracted from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon nardus or citronella grass. Citronellol has a citrus, floral, and geranium taste with a floral¬†leathery¬†waxy¬†rose¬†citrus odor ( Ref:DOI ). It is used in perfumery to add scents to soaps and incense. It is an insect repellent that repels mosquitos at short distances (PMID:2862274 ). Citronellol is found in highest concentrations in gingers, sweet basils, and winter savories and in lower concentrations in highbush blueberries, bilberries, and cardamoms. Citronellol has also been detected in blackcurrants, fennels, evergreen blackberries, herbs and spices, and nutmegs making citronellol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Citronellol has promising pharmacological activities (PMID:30453001 ) against human lung cancer (PMID:31280209 ), against induced rat breast cancer (PMID:31313341 ), has antifungal activity against Candida species (PMID:32150884 ) and has anti-hypertensive properties (PMID:26872991 ). (R)-(+)-citronellol is a citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-(-)-citronellol. D-Citronellol is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Saxifraga stolonifera, and other organisms with data available. See also: beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL (component of); beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL; LINALOOL, (+/-)- (component of) ... View More ... Constituent of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. A common constituent of plant oils, especies in the Rutaceae. D-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].

Rhamnocitrin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Rhamnocitrin, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone or 7-methylkaempferol, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, rhamnocitrin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Rhamnocitrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Rhamnocitrin can be found in cloves and lemon balm, which makes rhamnocitrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Rhamnocitrin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a member of flavonols and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Rhamnocitrin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2].

CleomiscosinA

C20H18O8 (386.1002)

Cleomiscosin A is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-9H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-h]chromen-9-one substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl group at position 3, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5 (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a delta-lactone, an aromatic ether, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a member of phenols and a primary alcohol. Cleomiscosin A is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Artemisia minor, and other organisms with data available. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-9H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-h]chromen-9-one substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl group at position 3, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5 (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages[1][2]. Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages[1][2].

Glycyrol

C21H18O6 (366.1103)

Glycyrol is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 9, a methoxy group at position 3 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of coumestans, a polyphenol, a delta-lactone and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Glycyrol is a natural product found in Glycyrrhiza, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of). A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 9, a methoxy group at position 3 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. Glycyrol is found in root vegetables. Glycyrol is isolated from Glycyrrhiza sp. root (licorice Isolated from Glycyrrhiza species root (licorice). Glycyrol is found in root vegetables. Neoglycyrol is isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch[1]. Neoglycyrol is a potential myocardial protection active compound screened from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill (TMYXP)[2]. Neoglycyrol is isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch[1]. Neoglycyrol is a potential myocardial protection active compound screened from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill (TMYXP)[2].

Gamma-tocopherol

C28H48O2 (416.3654)

Gamma-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant and an algal metabolite. It is a vitamin E and a tocopherol. gamma-Tocopherol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00836368 (In Vitro Basophil Responsiveness to Allergen Challenge After Gamma-tocopherol Supplementation in Allergic Asthmatics). gamma-Tocopherol is a natural product found in Hypericum perfoliatum, Hypericum tomentosum, and other organisms with data available. Gamma-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable gamma form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, found in certain nuts and seeds, with potential antioxidant activity. Although the exact mechanism of action of this tocopherol has yet to be fully identified, gamma-tocopherol appears to have the ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting against oxidative damage. A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites. gamma-Tocopherol, also known as 7,8-dimethyltocol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tocopherols. These are vitamin E derivatives containing a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. They differ from tocotrienols which contain an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain. It is estimated that 50\\\\\% of gamma-tocopherol is metabolized into gamma-CEHC and excreted into the urine. gamma-Tocopherol is the predominant form of vitamin E in plant seeds and derived products (e.g. nuts and vegetable oils). Unlike alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol inhibits cyclooxygenase activity and, therefore, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties (PMID: 11722951). Occurs in many nut and other vegetable oils such as soya and sunflower oil. It is used as antioxidant food additive. Member of Vitamin E group. Added to fats and oils to prevent rancidity. The naturally occurring tocopherol is a single steroisomer; synthetic forms are a mixture of all eight possible isomers [DFC] A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. (+)-γ-Tocopherol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=54-28-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 54-28-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity[1]. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity[1].

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, also known as 9,10-dhsa or 9,10-dioh 18:0, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule. 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid can be found in peanut, which makes 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 9,10-dihydroxystearate. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Apis cerana with data available.

Isoflavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Isoflavones are a class of phytochemicals related to the isoflavonoids. Isoflavones are produced almost exclusively by the members of the Fabaceae (i.e., Leguminosae, or bean) family. Soy isoflavones consumption has been related to a lower incidence of breast cancer and other common cancers. [Wikipedia]. Isoflavones is found in soy bean. Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2]. Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2].

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde

C9H7NO (145.0528)

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (IAld or I3A), also known as 3-formylindole or 3-indolealdehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. In humans, I3A is a biologically active metabolite which acts as a receptor agonist at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in intestinal immune cells. It stimulates the production of interleukin-22 which facilitates mucosal reactivity (PMID:27102537). I3A is a microbially derived tryptophan metabolite produced by Clostridium and Lactobacillus (PMID:30120222, 27102537). I3A has also been found in the urine of patients with untreated phenylketonuria (PMID:5073866). I3A has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as beans, Brussels sprouts, cucumbers, cereals and cereal products, and white cabbages. This could make I3A a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Indole-3-carbaldehyde is a heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a bacterial metabolite and a marine metabolite. It is a heteroarenecarbaldehyde, an indole alkaloid and a member of indoles. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is a natural product found in Euphorbia hirsuta, Derris ovalifolia, and other organisms with data available. A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group. Found in barley and tomato seedlings and cotton Indole-3-carboxaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=487-89-8 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 487-89-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a banlangen extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin[1]. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a banlangen extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin[1].

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid

C9H8O3 (164.0473)

2-coumaric acid, also known as o-coumaric acid, is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acids: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been found in a few different foods, such as corns, hard wheats, and olives and in a lower concentration in pomegranates, american cranberries, and peanuts. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, soy beans, ryes, rye bread, and turmerics. Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. o-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, date, bilberry, and corn. 2-coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Mikania glomerata, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. o-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=583-17-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 583-17-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

(E)-methyl ester 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid

C10H10O2 (162.0681)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet] Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1].

Dicyclohexyl phthalate

C20H26O4 (330.1831)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10526; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10521 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10560; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10557 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10461; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10459 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10525; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10523 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10437; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10436 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10483; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10481 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3962; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3999; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3998 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3952 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3967; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3965 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3986; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3983 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 998; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3985; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3982 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8270 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2506

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is a 20-carbon-chain omega-6 fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) only at position 5. 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is also known as Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). DGLA is the elongation product of the 18 carbon gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). DGLA can be converted into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits platelet aggregation and also exerts a vasodilatory effect. DGLA competes with arachadonic acid for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of arachadonic acids eicosanoids [HMDB] 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is a 20-carbon-chain omega-6 fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) only at position 5. 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is also known as Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). DGLA is the elongation product of the 18 carbon gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). DGLA can be converted into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits platelet aggregation and also exerts a vasodilatory effect. DGLA competes with arachadonic acid for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of arachadonic acids eicosanoids. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1783-84-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1783-84-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Indomethacin

C19H16ClNO4 (357.0768)

Indomethacin is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent (NSAIA) with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Its pharmacological effect is thought to be mediated through inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme responsible for catalyzes the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9631; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9627 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9618; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9614 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9602; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9599 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9606; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9605 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9610; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9609 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9598; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9596 M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AA - Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BC - Antiinflammatory agents, non-steroids D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 207 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2714 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8611 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Ephedrine

C10H15NO (165.1154)

Ephedrine is only found in individuals who have consumed this drug. Ephedrine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. [PubChem] Ephedrine is similar in molecular structure to the well-known drugs phenylpropanolamine and methamphetamine, as well as to the important neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenalin). Chemically, it is an alkaloid with a phenethylamine skeleton found in various plants in the genus Ephedra (family Ephedraceae). It works mainly by increasing the activity of norepinephrine (noradrenalin) on adrenergic receptors. It is most usually marketed as the hydrochloride or sulfate salt. R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AB - Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CA - Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FB - Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2758

Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide

C15H12N2O2 (252.0899)

Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide is a metabolite of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 916 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2038

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid

C3H5O6P (167.9824)

Phosphoenolpyruvate, also known as pep or 2-(phosphonooxy)-2-propenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as phosphate esters. Phosphate esters are organic compounds containing phosphoric acid ester functional group, with the general structure R1P(=O)(R2)OR3. R1,R2 = O,N, or halogen atom; R3 = organyl group. Phosphoenolpyruvate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoenolpyruvate can be found in a number of food items such as okra, endive, chestnut, and dandelion, which makes phosphoenolpyruvate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phosphoenolpyruvate can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, and saliva, as well as in human prostate tissue. Phosphoenolpyruvate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, phosphoenolpyruvate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include glycolysis, amino sugar metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenosis, type IC. Phosphoenolpyruvate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include glycogen storage disease type 1A (GSD1A) or von gierke disease, salla disease/infantile sialic acid storage disease, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) as the ester derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion; the parent acid, which is only of theoretical interest, is phosphoenolpyruvic acid. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in living organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation; in bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system . Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It has a high energy phosphate bond, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In glycolysis, PEP is formed by the action of the enzyme enolase on 2-phosphoglycerate. Metabolism of PEP to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates 1 molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. ATP is one of the major currencies of chemical energy within cells. In gluconeogenesis, PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of 1 guanosine triphosphate molecule. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This reaction is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia). [Spectral] Phosphoenolpyruvate (exact mass = 167.98237) and 6-Phospho-D-gluconate (exact mass = 276.02463) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID P007

Hydrocinnamic acid

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

Hydrocinnamic acid, also known as 3-phenylpropanoic acid or dihydrocinnamic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid (C6-C3). Phenylpropanoic acid can be prepared from cinnamic acid by hydrogenation. Hydrocinnamic acid is a sweet, balsamic, and cinnamon tasting compound. This compound is used frequently in cosmetic products such as perfumes, bath gels, detergent powders, liquid detergents, fabric softeners, and soaps as it gives off a floral scent. A characteristic reaction of phenylpropanoic acid is its cyclization to indanones. Phenylpropanoic acid is used in the food industry to preserve and maintain the original aroma quality of frozen foods. Phenylpropanoic acid is also added to food for technological purposes in a wide variety including manufacturing, processing, preparation, treatment, packaging, transportation or storage, and food additives. This compound is used as a sweetener as well to sweeten food and can be found in tabletop sweeteners. Hydrocinnamic acid is an analogue of phenylalanine. It is a substrate of the enzyme oxidoreductases [EC 1.14.12.-] in the pathway phenylalanine metabolism (KEGG). 3-Phenylpropanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are purple laver, quinoa, custard apple, and conch. KEIO_ID P109 Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities. Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities.

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 4A and 4F families catalyze the omega-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid and produce 20-HETE. 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of renal, cerebral, and mesenteric arteries. The vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE is associated with activation of protein kinase, Rho kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway C. 20-HETE also increases intracellular Ca2+ by causing the depolarization of vascular smooth muscle membrane secondary to blocking the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and by a direct effect on L-type Ca channels. Elevations in the production of 20-HETE mediate the myogenic response of skeletal, renal, and cerebral arteries to elevations in transmural pressure. There is an important interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and the formation of 20-HETE production. NO inhibits the formation of 20-HETE formation in renal and cerebral arteries. A fall in levels of 20-HETE contributes to the cyclic GMP-independent dilator effect of NO to activate the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and to dilate the cerebral arteries (PMID: 16258232). Metabolite produced during NADPH dependent enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. Potent vasoconstrictor [CCD]

Bisphenol F

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethane is a phenolic derivative with antioxidant activities[1]. 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethane is a phenolic derivative with antioxidant activities[1].

Glycerol 3-phosphate

C3H9O6P (172.0137)

Glycerol 3-phosphate, also known as glycerophosphoric acid or alpha-glycerophosphorate, is a member of the class of compounds known as glycerophosphates. Glycerophosphates are compounds containing a glycerol linked to a phosphate group. Glycerol 3-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Glycerol 3-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as sacred lotus, common oregano, mixed nuts, and yautia, which makes glycerol 3-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Glycerol 3-phosphate can be found primarily in blood, feces, saliva, and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. Glycerol 3-phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, glycerol 3-phosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-21:0/a-21:0/i-21:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/a-25:0/i-13:0/i-12:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/i-21:0/i-21:0/a-25:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/i-18:0/a-13:0). Glycerol 3-phosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-24:0/19:0/16:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:1(9Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)). Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. It is commonly confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) by triose phosphate isomerase (TIM), and feed into glycolysis. The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID G072

Bioallethrin

C19H26O3 (302.1882)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000487 - Allethrins D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals

Zalcitabine

C9H13N3O3 (211.0957)

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3-hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of 5 to 3 phosphodiester linkages, which are needed for the elongation of DNA chains, thus resulting in the termination of viral DNA growth. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors KEIO_ID Z001 Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

Glyburide

C23H28ClN3O5S (493.1438)

Glyburide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Glyburide has been shown to decrease fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control). Glyburide appears to be completely metabolized, likely in the liver. Although its metabolites exert a small hypoglycemic effect, their contribution to glyburides hypoglycemic effect is thought to be clinically unimportant. Glyburide metabolites are excreted in urine and feces in approximately equal proportions. The half-life of glyburide appears to be unaffected in those with a creatinine clearance of greater than 29 ml/min/1.73m². CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9286; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9285 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4592; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4588 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4591; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4588 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4577; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4575 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9326; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9324 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9318; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9316 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4570; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4568 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9279; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9277 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4585; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4583 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9315; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9314 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9303; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9301 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4550; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4548 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2354 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8511 INTERNAL_ID 8511; CONFIDENCE standard compound D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].

Loxapine

C18H18ClN3O (327.1138)

Loxapine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia. [PubChem]Loxapine is a dopamine antagonist, and also a serotonin 5-HT2 blocker. The exact mode of action of Loxapine has not been established, however changes in the level of excitability of subcortical inhibitory areas have been observed in several animal species in association with such manifestations of tranquilization as calming effects and suppression of aggressive behavior. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AH - Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent Loxapine is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent[1][4].

Pioglitazone

C19H20N2O3S (356.1195)

Pioglitazone is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Pioglitazone selectively stimulates nuclear receptor peroxisone proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). It modulates the transcription of the insulin-sensitive genes involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism in the lipidic, muscular tissues and in the liver. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BG - Thiazolidinediones C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98241 - Thiazolidinedione Antidiabetic Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research[2][3][4].

Difenoconazole

C19H17Cl2N3O3 (405.0647)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9954; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9949 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9970; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9969 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9848; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9843 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9912; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9911 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9893; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9891 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 585; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9949; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9948 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2586 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8457 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Linoleic acid

C18H32O2 (280.2402)

Linoleic acid is a doubly unsaturated fatty acid, also known as an omega-6 fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. In this particular polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the first double bond is located between the sixth and seventh carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-6). Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition because it cannot be synthesized by humans. It is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (via arachidonic acid) and cell membranes (From Stedman, 26th ed). Linoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3. Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n-6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid.[5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.[2] It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride (ester of glycerin) rather than as a free fatty acid.[6] It is one of two essential fatty acids for humans, who must obtain it through their diet,[7] and the most essential, because the body uses it as a base to make the others. The word "linoleic" derives from Latin linum 'flax', and oleum 'oil', reflecting the fact that it was first isolated from linseed oil.

Arachidonic acid

C20H32O2 (304.2402)

Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid that has a 20-carbon chain as a backbone and four cis-double bonds at the C5, C8, C11, and C14 positions. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid mediates inflammation and the functioning of several organs and systems either directly or upon its conversion into eicosanoids. Arachidonic acid in cell membrane phospholipids is the substrate for the synthesis of a range of biologically active compounds (eicosanoids) including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds can act as mediators in their own right and can also act as regulators of other processes, such as platelet aggregation, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte chemotaxis, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune function. Arachidonic acid can be metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes into 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). The production of kidney CYP450 arachidonic acid metabolites is altered in diabetes, pregnancy, hepatorenal syndrome, and in various models of hypertension, and it is likely that changes in this system contribute to the abnormalities in renal function that are associated with many of these conditions. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (PMID: 12736897, 12736897, 12700820, 12570747, 12432908). The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (PMID: 23371504). 9-Oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate the arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production (PMID: 23704812). Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases (PMID: 23404351). Essential fatty acid. Constituent of many animal phospholipids Arachidonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=506-32-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 506-32-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.

Monoethylhexyl phthalic acid

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

Monoethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP) is an active metabolite of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). DEHP measured from the blood of pregnant women have been significantly associated with the decreased penis width, shorter anogenital distance, and the incomplete descent of testes of their newborn sons, replicating effects identified in animals(Wikipedia). DEHP hydrolyzes to MEHP via the enzyme Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate acylhydrolase(3.1.1.60)and subsequently to phthalate salts. The released alcohol is susceptible to oxidation to the aldehyde and carboxylic acid. Monoethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP) is an active metabolite of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). DEHP measured from the blood of pregnant women have been significantly associated with the decreased penis width, shorter anogenital distance, and the incomplete descent of testes of their newborn sons, replicating effects identified in animals. DEHP hydrolyzes to MEHP via the enzyme Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate acylhydrolase(3.1.1.60)and subsequently to phthalate salts. The released alcohol is susceptible to oxidation to the aldehyde and carboxylic acid. [HMDB] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10026; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10023 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4968; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4967 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4980; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4979 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4973; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4971 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9948; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9944 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9960; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9957 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9947; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9946 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9925 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4975; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4972 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4995; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4994 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1238; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4973; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4969 Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17, 20 lyase activity of CYP17[1]. Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17, 20 lyase activity of CYP17[1].

Dodecanoic acid

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

Dodecanoic acid, also known as dodecanoate or lauric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Dodecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Dodecanoic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. It is a white, powdery solid with a faint odour of bay oil. Dodecanoic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos. Defoamer, lubricant. It is used in fruit coatings. Occurs as glyceride in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Simple esters are flavour ingredients Lauric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=143-07-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 143-07-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

Pentadecanoic acid

C15H30O2 (242.2246)

Pentadecanoic acid, also known as pentadecylic acid or C15:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Pentadecanoic acid (its ester is called pentadecanoate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 15 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. Pentadecanoic acid is found in plants and ruminants. Many "odd" length long-chain fatty acids, such as pentadecanoic acid, are derived from the consumption of cattle fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of pentadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID: 9701185; PMID: 11238766). A fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185; PMID 11238766). Pentadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common bean, coriander, pepper (c. annuum), and hamburger. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248 Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Diflubenzuron

C14H9ClF2N2O2 (310.0321)

Insecticide, interfering with chitin deposition by oral absorption. Diflubenzuron is used on soya beans, citrus, tea, vegetables and mushrooms. Also used as an insecticide in feed for poultry and pigs and as a controlled release bolus in cattl D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Same as: D07829

Coumesterol

C15H8O5 (268.0372)

Cumoesterol (or coumestrol), a coumestan isoflavone, has estrogenic properties (phytoestrogens are compounds structurally and functionally similar to 17-estradiol) and is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin produced by soybeans, a low molecular weight antimicrobial compound that is synthesized de novo and accumulates in plants after exposure to microorganisms (i.e.: phytoalexin induction and accumulation in soybean cotyledon tissue is observed with four species of Aspergillus: A. sojae, A. oryzae, A. niger, and A. flavus) (PMID: 10888516). Coumestrol is a naturally occurring plant coumarin that displays high affinity for the hormone-binding site of the human estrogen receptor (hER), for which it serves as a potent non-steroidal agonist. Coumestrol emits intense blue fluorescence when bound to this protein, making it ideally suited for use as a cytological stain to detect ER in fixed and intact cells. Such observations illustrate the potential for using coumestrol to investigate real-time effects of a variety of physiological stimuli on the subcellular distribution of hER in living cells (PMID: 8315272). Coumestrol is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a member of coumestans, a delta-lactone and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Coumestrol is a natural product found in Campylotropis hirtella, Melilotus messanensis, and other organisms with data available. A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity. See also: Medicago sativa whole (part of). Isolated from Medicago subspecies, Glycine max (soybean), Pisum sativum (pea), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Brassica oleracea (cabbage), Dolichos biflorus (papadi), Melilotus alba (white melilot), Phaseolus subspecies (inc. lima beans, pinto beans) and Vigna unguiculata (all Leguminosae). Potential nutriceutical D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM. Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM.

Cannabichromene

C21H30O2 (314.2246)

Puerarin

C21H20O9 (416.1107)

Puerarin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a hydroxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Puerarin has been investigated for the treatment of Alcohol Abuse. Puerarin is a natural product found in Neustanthus phaseoloides, Clematis hexapetala, and other organisms with data available. Puerarin, also known as Kakonein, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoflavonoid C-glycosides. These compounds are C-glycosylated derivatives of isoflavonoids, which are natural products derived from 3-phenylchromen-4-one. Puerarin is considered a slightly soluble (in water), acidic compound. Puerarin can be synthesized into puerarin xyloside. Puerarin is found in a number of plants and herbs, such as the root of the kudzu plant. A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.

Phenylacetylglycine

C10H11NO3 (193.0739)

Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Phenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, possessing a honey-like odour in low concentrations, and is also used in penicillin G production. PAG is a putative biomarker of phospholipidosis. Urinary PAG is elevated in animals exhibiting abnormal phospholipid accumulation in many tissues and may thus be useful as a surrogate biomarker for phospholipidosis. (PMID: 15764292) The presence of phenylacetylglycine in urine has been confirmed for dogs, rats and mice. However, the presence of this compound in human urine is controversial. GC-MS studies have not found this compound (PMID: 7492634) while NMR studies claimed to have identified it (PMID: 21167146). It appears that phenylacetylglycine may sometimes be mistaken for phenylacetylglutamine via NMR. Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1]. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1].

Punicic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd. alpha-Eleostearic acid is isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon Isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd and fruits.

Isoquinoline

C9H7N (129.0578)

Isoquinoline is a flavouring agent Being an analog of pyridine, isoquinoline is a weak base, with a pKb of 8.6. It protonates to form salts upon treatment with strong acids, such as HCl. It forms adducts with Lewis acids, such as BF3. Isoquinoline is a colorless hygroscopic liquid at room temperature with a penetrating, unpleasant odor. Impure samples can appear brownish, as is typical for nitrogen heterocycles. It crystallizes platelets that have a low solubility in water but dissolve well in ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, carbon disulfide, and other common organic solvents. It is also soluble in dilute acids as the protonated derivative. Isoquinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a structural isomer of quinoline. Isoquinoline and quinoline are benzopyridines, which are composed of a benzene ring fused to a pyridine ring. In a broader sense, the term isoquinoline is used to make reference to isoquinoline derivatives. 1-Benzylisoquinoline is the structural backbone in naturally occurring alkaloids including papaverine and morphine. The isoquinoline ring in these natural compound derives from the aromatic amino acid tyrosine Flavouring agent KEIO_ID I067

Indole

C8H7N (117.0578)

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. The participation of the nitrogen lone electron pair in the aromatic ring means that indole is not a base, and it does not behave like a simple amine. Indole is a microbial metabolite and it can be produced by bacteria as a degradation product of the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs naturally in human feces and has an intense fecal smell. At very low concentrations, however, indole has a flowery smell and is a constituent of many flower scents (such as orange blossoms) and perfumes. As a volatile organic compound, indole has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID: 30986230). Natural jasmine oil, used in the perfume industry, contains around 2.5\\\\\% of indole. Indole also occurs in coal tar. Indole has been found to be produced in a number of bacterial genera including Alcaligenes, Aspergillus, Escherichia, and Pseudomonas (PMID: 23194589, 2310183, 9680309). Indole plays a role in bacterial biofilm formation, bacterial motility, bacterial virulence, plasmid stability, and antibiotic resistance. It also functions as an intercellular signalling molecule (PMID: 26115989). Recently, it was determined that the bacterial membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase (HK) known as CpxA acts as a bacterial indole sensor to facilitate signalling (PMID: 31164470). It has been found that decreased indole concentrations in the gut promote bacterial pathogenesis, while increased levels of indole in the gut decrease bacterial virulence gene expression (PMID: 31164470). As a result, enteric pathogens sense a gradient of indole concentrations in the gut to migrate to different niches and successfully establish an infection. Constituent of several flower oils, especies of Jasminum and Citrus subspecies (Oleaceae) production of bacterial dec. of proteins. Flavouring ingredientand is also present in crispbread, Swiss cheese, Camembert cheese, wine, cocoa, black and green tea, rum, roasted filbert, rice bran, clary sage, raw shrimp and other foodstuffs Indole. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=120-72-9 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 120-72-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Indole is an endogenous metabolite. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.

Ginkgolide C

C20H24O11 (440.1319)

Ginkgolide C is found in fats and oils. Ginkgolide C is a bitter principle from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). Bitter principle from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). Ginkgolide C is found in ginkgo nuts and fats and oils. Ginkgolide C is a flavone isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, possessing multiple biological functions, such as decreasing platelet aggregation and ameliorating Alzheimer disease. Ginkgolide C is a flavone isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, possessing multiple biological functions, such as decreasing platelet aggregation and ameliorating Alzheimer disease. Ginkgolide C is a flavone isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, possessing multiple biological functions, such as decreasing platelet aggregation and ameliorating Alzheimer disease. Ginkgolide C is a flavone isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, possessing multiple biological functions, such as decreasing platelet aggregation and ameliorating Alzheimer disease.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

C2H6N2O (74.048)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine is found in pepper (Capsicum annuum). N-Nitrosodimethylamine is a food contaminant especially in cured meat products. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), also known as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), is a semi-volatile organic chemical that is highly toxic and is a suspected human carcinogen. The US Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the maximum admissible concentration of NDMA in drinking water is 7 ng L 1. The EPA has not yet set a regulatory maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. At high doses, it is a "potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis of the liver" in rats. The induction of liver tumors in rats after chronic exposure to low doses is well-documented. Its toxic effects on humans are inferred from animal experiments but not well-established experimentally. NDMA is an industrial by-product or waste product of several industrial processes. It first came to attention as a groundwater contaminant in California in 1998 and 1999 at several sites that produced rocket fuel. Manufacturing of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which is a component of rocket fuel that requires NDMA for its synthesis, proved to be the culprit in these cases. Of more general concern, water treatment via chlorination or chloramination of organic nitrogen-containing wastewater can lead to the production of NDMA at potentially harmful levels. Further, NDMA can form or be leached during treatment of water by anion exchange resins. Finally, NDMA is found at low levels in numerous items of human consumption including cured meat, fish, beer, and tobacco smoke, it is, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3447 Food contaminant especies in cured meat products

Choline

[C5H14NO]+ (104.1075)

Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While humans can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine into methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also leads to elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase and is associated with increased incidence of liver cancer. Nutritional supplement. Occurs free and combined in many animal and vegetable foods with highest concentrations found in egg yolk, meat, fish, milk, cereaks and legumes Choline. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62-49-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 62-49-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

C9H10O5 (198.0528)

Vanillylmandelic acid, also known as vanillylmandelate or VMA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Vanillylmandelic acid is a sweet and vanilla tasting compound. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). Vanillylmandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, vanillylmandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, vanillylmandelic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, vanillylmandelic acid and pyrocatechol can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and guaiacol through the action of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines. Urinary VMA tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions. VMA urinalysis tests can be used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is produced in the liver and is a major product of norepinephrine and epinephrine metabolism excreted in the urine. Vanillylmandelic acid is one of the products of the catabolism of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine). High levels of vanillylmandelic acid can indicate an adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma) or another type of tumor that produces catecholamines. (WebMD) [HMDB] D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H056 Vanillylmandelic acid is the endproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism. Vanillylmandelic acid can be used as an indication of the disorder in neurotransmitter metabolism as well. Vanillylmandelic acid has antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 33 μM[1].

Palatinose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Trichloroacetic acid

C2HCl3O2 (161.9042)

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; also known as trichloroethanoic acid) is an analogue of acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have all been replaced by chlorine atoms. D009676 - Noxae > D002424 - Caustics Same as: D08633

Delphinidin 3-glucoside

[C21H21O12]+ (465.1033)

Delphinidin 3-glucoside is found in adzuki bean. Delphinidin 3-glucoside is isolated from grapes and many other plant species Delphinidin 3-glucoside is present in red wine. Delphinidin 3-glucoside is isolated from grapes and many other plant spp. It is found in red wine, redcurrant, summer grape, strawberry, and green bean. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

15-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

15-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. The 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro, 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation, and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE also has some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells (PMID: 11104340). 15(S)-HETE is found to be associated with Zellweger syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism. 15(S)-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE has also some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells. (PMID: 11104340) [HMDB] 15(S)-HETE. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=54845-95-3 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 54845-95-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Lipoxin A4

C20H32O5 (352.225)

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first identified in 1984 by Serhan and colleagues as 5-lipoxygenase interaction product of activated leukocytes. Endogenous transcellular biosynthesis of LXA4 occurs via interaction of leukocytes with epithelium, endothelium or platelets. Lipoxins (LXs) or the lipoxygenase interaction products are generated from arachidonic acid via sequential actions of lipoxygenases and subsequent reactions to give specific trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids. These unique structures are formed during cell-cell interactions and appear to act at both temporal and spatially distinct sites from other eicosanoids produced during the course of inflammatory responses and to stimulate natural resolution. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4) are positional isomers that each possesses potent cellular and in vivo actions. These LX structures are conserved across species. The results of numerous studies reviewed in this work now confirm that they are the first recognized eicosanoid chemical mediators that display both potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions in vivo in disease models that include rabbit, rat, and mouse systems. LXs act at specific GPCRs as agonists to regulate cellular responses of interest in inflammation and resolution. Aspirin has a direct impact in the LX circuit by triggering the biosynthesis of endogenous epimers of LX, termed the aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LX, that share the potent anti-inflammatory actions of LX. (PMID: 16005201, 16613568). Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first identified in 1984 by Serhan and colleagues as 5-lipoxygenase interaction product of activated leukocytes. Endogenous transcellular biosynthesis of LXA4 occurs via interaction of leukocytes with epithelium, endothelium or platelets. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

Acetic acid

C2H4O2 (60.0211)

Acetic acid is a two-carbon, straight-chain fatty acid. It is the smallest short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and one of the simplest carboxylic acids. is an acidic, colourless liquid and is the main component in vinegar. Acetic acid has a sour taste and pungent smell. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical that is used in the production of plastic soft drink bottles, photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as many synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households diluted acetic acid is often used as a cleaning agent. In the food industry acetic acid is used as an acidity regulator. Acetic acid is found in all organisms, from bacteria to plants to humans. The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A (to form acetylCoA) it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. Acetic acid is produced and excreted in large amounts by certain acetic acid bacteria, notably the Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil. Due to their widespread presence on fruit, acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and many other sugar-rich foods spoil. Several species of anaerobic bacteria, including members of the genus Clostridium and Acetobacterium can convert sugars to acetic acid directly. However, Clostridium bacteria are less acid-tolerant than Acetobacter. Even the most acid-tolerant Clostridium strains can produce acetic acid in concentrations of only a few per cent, compared to Acetobacter strains that can produce acetic acid in concentrations up to 20\\%. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent. Acetic acid can be found in other biofluids such as urine at low concentrations. Urinary acetic acid is produced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus group B, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (PMID: 22292465). Acetic acid concentrations greater than 30 uM/mM creatinine in the urine can indicate a urinary tract infection, which typically suggests the presence of E. coli or Klebshiella pneumonia in the urinary tract. (PMID: 24909875) Acetic acid is also produced by other bacteria such as Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella and Ruminococcus (PMID: 20444704; PMID: 22292465). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents It is used for smoking meats and fish C254 - Anti-Infective Agent KEIO_ID A029

Baicalin

C21H18O11 (446.0849)

Baicalin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid. It is found in several species in the genus Scutellaria, including Scutellaria lateriflora (blue skullcap). There are 10 mg/g baicalin in Scutellaria galericulata (common skullcap) leaves. Baicalin is the glucuronide of baicalein. It is a component of Chinese medicinal herb Huang-chin (Scutellaria baicalensis) and one of the chemical ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To, an herbal supplement. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3]. Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3].

Astragalin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside is a kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug and a plant metabolite. It is a kaempferol O-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a trihydroxyflavone and a beta-D-glucoside. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Astragalin is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf (has part). Astragalin is found in alcoholic beverages. Astragalin is present in red wine. It is isolated from many plant species.Astragalin is a 3-O-glucoside of kaempferol. Astragalin is a chemical compound. It can be isolated from Phytolacca americana (the American pokeweed). A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. Present in red wine. Isolated from many plant subspecies Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173 Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1]. Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1].

procyanidin B2

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities.

Noroxylin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D011448 - Prostaglandin Antagonists D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM.

Oleuropein

C25H32O13 (540.1843)

Oleuropein is a secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antihypertensive agent, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant and a nutraceutical. It is a secoiridoid glycoside, a beta-D-glucoside, a methyl ester, a member of catechols, a diester and a member of pyrans. Oleuropein is a natural product found in Jasminum officinale, Olea capensis, and other organisms with data available. Oleuropein is found in fruits. Oleuropein is a bitter principle of olives. Nutriceutical with antioxidant properties.Oleuropein is a chemical compound found in olive leaf from the olive tree (and leaves of privet) together with other closely related compounds such as 10-hydroxyoleuropein, ligstroside, and 10-hydroxyligstroside. All these compounds are tyrosol esters of elenolic acid that are further hydroxylated and glycosylated. Oleuropein and its metabolite hydroxytyrosol have powerful antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro and give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste. Oleuropein preparations have been claimed to strengthen the immune system A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity[1]. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase[2]. Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity[1]. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase[2]. Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity[1]. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase[2].

Pinostrobin

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. Pinostrobin is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae, Zuccagnia punctata, and other organisms with data available.

Stearolic acid

C18H32O2 (280.2402)

An octadecynoic acid having its triple bond at position 9.

Glycogen

C24H42O21 (666.2218)

Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues. The simplest structure of glycogen is made up of four units of glucose with an approximate molecular weight of 666 daltons. However, large molecules of glycogen can reach molecular weights in the order of 5 million Da. Most of the glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and approximately 1 in 12 glucose residues also form a 1,6 glycosidic bond with a second glucose, resulting in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown. In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the necessary glycogenolysis to take place to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8\\% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, starchy taste. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1\\% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues and has a molecular weight between 106 and 107 daltons (4.8 million approx.). Most of Glc units are linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, approximately 1 in 12 Glc residues also makes -1,6 glycosidic bond with a second Glc which results in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown.

L-Fuculose 1-phosphate

C6H13O8P (244.0348)

D-Apiose

C5H10O5 (150.0528)

Beta-d-apiofuranose is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Beta-d-apiofuranose is very soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-d-apiofuranose can be found in parsley, which makes beta-d-apiofuranose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. D-Apiose is found in green vegetables. D-Apiose is first found in parsley as the glycoside Apiin CNR75-N, also present in celer

pregnane

C21H36 (288.2817)

5a-androstane

C19H32 (260.2504)

The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane.

Phytanate

C20H40O2 (312.3028)

Phytanic acid (or 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid that humans can obtain through the consumption of dairy products, ruminant animal fats, and certain fish. It is primarily formed by bacterial degradation of chlorophyll in the intestinal tract of ruminants. Unlike most fatty acids, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation (because of a methyl group in the beta position). Instead, it undergoes alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome, where it is converted into pristanic acid by the removal of one carbon. Pristanic acid can undergo several rounds of beta-oxidation in the peroxisome to form medium-chain fatty acids that can be converted into carbon dioxide and water in mitochondria. Refsum disease, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the PHYH gene, is characterized by having impaired alpha-oxidation activity. Individuals with Refsum disease accumulate large stores of phytanic acid in their blood and tissues. This frequently leads to peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, and hearing loss. Therefore, chronically high levels of phytanic acid can be neurotoxic. Phytanic acids neurotoxicity appears to lie in its ability to initiate astrocyte/neural cell death by activating the mitochondrial route of apoptosis. In particular, phytanic acid can induce the substantial generation of reactive oxygen species in isolated mitochondria as well as in intact cells. It also induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid, Phytanic acid is present in animal (primarily herbivores or omnivores) tissues where it may be derived from the chlorophyll in consumed plant material. Phytanic acid derives from the corresponding alcohol, phytol, and is ultimately oxidized into pristanic acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (Refsum disease) this lipid may comprise as much as 30\\% of the total fatty acids in plasma. These high levels in Refsum disease (a neurological disorder) are due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.; A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (Refsum disease) this lipid may comprise as much as 30\\% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. [HMDB]

Retinyl palmitate

C36H60O2 (524.4593)

Retinyl palmitate, also known as vitamin a palmitate or aquasol a, is a member of the class of compounds known as wax monoesters. Wax monoesters are waxes bearing an ester group at exactly one position. Thus, retinyl palmitate is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Retinyl palmitate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Retinyl palmitate can be found in a number of food items such as rocket salad (sspecies), black elderberry, common grape, and vaccinium (blueberry, cranberry, huckleberry), which makes retinyl palmitate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Retinyl palmitate can be found primarily in blood, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, retinyl palmitate is involved in the retinol metabolism. Retinyl palmitate is also involved in vitamin A deficiency, which is a metabolic disorder. An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen . Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is a common vitamin supplement, with formula C36H60O2. It is available in both oral and injectable forms for treatment of vitamin A deficiency, under the brand names Aquasol and Palmitate. Retinyl palmitate is an alternate for retinyl acetate in vitamin A supplements, and is available in oily or dry forms. It is a pre-formed version of vitamin A, and can thus be realistically over-dosed, unlike beta-carotene. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retinyl palmitate is an ester of Retinol and is the major form of vitamin A found in the epidermis. Retinyl palmitate has been widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Luteoforol

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Constituent of Zea mays (sweet corn) and Sorghum vulgare (sorghum). Luteoforol is found in cereals and cereal products, fats and oils, and corn. Luteoforol is found in cereals and cereal products. Luteoforol is a constituent of Zea mays (sweet corn) and Sorghum vulgare (sorghum).

2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinone

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

Streptozocin

C8H15N3O7 (265.091)

Streptozocin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.It is an antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals. [PubChem]Although its mechanism of action is not completely clear, streptozocin is known to inhibit DNA synthesis, interfere with biochemical reactions of NAD and NADH, and inhibit some enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis. Its activity appears to occur as a result of formation of methylcarbonium ions, which alkylate or bind with many intracellular molecular structures including nucleic acids. Its cytotoxic action is probably due to cross-linking of strands of DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Nisoldipine

C20H24N2O6 (388.1634)

Nisoldipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, nisoldipine prevents calcium-dependent smooth muscle contraction and subsequent vasoconstriction. Nisoldipine may be used in alone or in combination with other agents in the management of hypertension. C - Cardiovascular system > C08 - Calcium channel blockers > C08C - Selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects > C08CA - Dihydropyridine derivatives C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

(9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

D-Apiose

C5H10O5 (150.0528)

beta-Caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

Ginkgetin

C32H22O10 (566.1213)

Ginkgetin is a biflavonoid that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. It has a role as an anti-HSV-1 agent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a biflavonoid, a hydroxyflavone, a methoxyflavone and a ring assembly. It is functionally related to an amentoflavone. Ginkgetin is a natural product found in Selaginella sinensis, Selaginella willdenowii, and other organisms with data available. A biflavonoid that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. From Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). Ginkgetin is found in ginkgo nuts and fats and oils. Ginkgetin is found in fats and oils. Ginkgetin is from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ[1][2][3][4][5]. Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ[1][2][3][4][5].

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone

C13H8O6 (260.0321)

(E)-Arachidin II

C19H20O3 (296.1412)

(Z)-Arachidin II is found in nuts. (Z)-Arachidin II is a constituent of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Constituent of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). (E)-Arachidin II is found in peanut and nuts.

Rose oxide (cis)

C21H24O9 (420.142)

Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1]. Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1].

Dieugenol

C20H22O4 (326.1518)

FA 18:1

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

Plicamycin

C52H76O24 (1084.4726)

Plicamycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. It has been used in the treatment of testicular cancer, Pagets disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000. Plicamycin is presumed to inhibit cellular and enzymic RNA synthesis by forming a complex with DNA. Plicamycin may also lower calcium serum levels by inhibiting the effect of parathyroid hormone upon osteoclasts or by blocking the hypercalcemic action of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C67439 - Bone Resorption Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D00468

I-123 BMIPP

C22H35IO2 (458.1682)

C1446 - Radiopharmaceutical Compound > C2124 - Radioconjugate Same as: D06608

24-Hydroxycholesterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

24-Hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) is almost exclusively formed in the brain. The enzymatic conversion of CNS cholesterol to 24OHC, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is the major pathway for brain cholesterol elimination and brain cholesterol homeostasis maintenance. The enzyme mediating this conversion has been characterized at the molecular level as cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98, CYP46) and is mainly located in neurons. Like other oxysterols, 24OHC is efficiently converted into normal bile acids or excreted in bile in its sulfated and glucuronidated form. Levels of 24OHC in the circulation decrease with age in infants and children. In adults, however, the levels appear to be stable. There is accumulating evidence pointing toward a potentially important link between cholesterol, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimers disease. Patients with active demyelinating diseases had increased levels of 24OHC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with Alzheimers disease have slightly increased levels of 24OHC in CSF. Patients with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to have higher levels of 24OHC during active periods. (PMID: 15061359, 14574622). 24-Hydroxycholesterol has been found to accumulate in hereditary hypercholesterolemia, an inborn error of metabolism. 24-Hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) is almost exclusively formed in the brain. The enzymatic conversion of CNS cholesterol to 24OHC, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is the major pathway for brain cholesterol elimination and brain cholesterol homeostasis maintenance. The enzyme mediating this conversion has been characterized at the molecular level as cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98, CYP46) and is mainly located in neurons. Like other oxysterols, 24OHC is efficiently converted into normal bile acids or excreted in bile in its sulfated and glucuronidated form. Levels of 24OHC in the circulation decrease with age in infants and children. In adults, however, the levels appear to be stable. There is accumulating evidence pointing toward a potentially important link between cholesterol, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimers disease. Patients with active demyelinating diseases had increased levels of 24OHC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with Alzheimers disease have slightly increased levels of 24OHC in CSF. Patients with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to have higher levels of 24OHC during active periods. (PMID: 15061359, 14574622) [HMDB] 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3]. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3].

Glycerol tributanoate

C15H26O6 (302.1729)

Flavouring agent. Glycerol tributanoate is found in many foods, some of which are durian, canola, conch, and italian sweet red pepper. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer Glycerol tributanoate is a flavouring agent

Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9646; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9641 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9607; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9606 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9641; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9638 DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9646; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9641 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4398; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4397 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4338; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4336 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4375; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4373 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4383; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9614; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9611 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4381; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9638; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9635 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9642; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9638 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 780; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4357; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4355 D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Same as: D07518

DI(Hydroxyethyl)ether

C4H10O3 (106.063)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2,2'-Methylenediphenol

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4380; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4378 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4390 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4432; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4427 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4033; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4411; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4406 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4412; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4408

GW 9544

C31H30N2O5 (510.2155)

2-Chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide

C13H9ClN2O3 (276.0302)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4257; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4255 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4307; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4305 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3920; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3918 GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.

ST 27:2;O2

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

Thermozeaxanthin-15

C61H94O8 (954.6948)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Docosadienoate (22:2n6)

C22H40O2 (336.3028)

(13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoic acid, also known as docosadienoate or C22:2N-6,9, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very-long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble (in water) and is relatively neutral. (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoic acid can be found in feces.

N-Desmethyltamoxifen

C25H27NO (357.2093)

N-Desmethyltamoxifen is only found in individuals that have used or taken Tamoxifen. N-Desmethyltamoxifen is a metabolite of Tamoxifen. N-desmethyltamoxifen belongs to the family of Stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

Methylnissolin

C17H16O5 (300.0998)

Methylnissolin is a member of pterocarpans. Methylnissolin is a natural product found in Lathyrus nissolia and Dalbergia odorifera with data available. Methylnissolin is found in alfalfa. Methylnissolin is isolated from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Isolated from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Methylnissolin is found in alfalfa and pulses. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1].

Alisol A

C30H50O5 (490.3658)

Alisol A is a natural product. Alisol A is a natural product.

Dehydrofalcarinol

C17H22O (242.1671)

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. -- Wikipedia. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9336; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9335 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9354; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9353 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9398; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9424; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9370 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9397; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 Flavones (flavus = yellow), are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Flavones is found in many foods, some of which are dill, feijoa, pomegranate, and rosemary. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8089 Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

Glycerophosphoric acid

C3H9O6P (172.0137)

Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. It is commonly confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) by triose phosphate isomerase (TIM), and feed into glycolysis. The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia). [HMDB]

Neochlorogenic_acid

C16H18O9 (354.0951)

Trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cyclitol carboxylic acid and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural product found in Eupatorium perfoliatum, Centaurea bracteata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Lonicera japonica flower (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (has part); Moringa oleifera leaf (part of). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.

Flavanone

C15H12O2 (224.0837)

Flavanone is the simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. It derives from a hydride of a flavan. Flavanone is a natural product found in Annona muricata, Ginkgo biloba, and other organisms with data available. The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. Flavanone is a naturally occurring flavone. Flavanone has inhibitory activity for human estrogen synthetase (aromatase)[1]. Flavanone is a naturally occurring flavone. Flavanone has inhibitory activity for human estrogen synthetase (aromatase)[1].

Lipoic_acid

C8H14O2S2 (206.0435)

Lipoic acid is a heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of dithiolanes, a heterocyclic fatty acid and a thia fatty acid. It is functionally related to an octanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a lipoate. lipoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Thioctic acid is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Trypanosoma brucei, and other organisms with data available. Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a naturally occurring micronutrient, synthesized in small amounts by plants and animals (including humans), with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities. Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a free radical scavenger and assists in repairing oxidative damage and regenerates endogenous antioxidants, including vitamins C and E and glutathione. This agent also promotes glutathione synthesis. In addition, alpha-lipoic acid exerts metal chelating capacities and functions as a cofactor in various mitochondrial enzyme complexes involved in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5].

Wuweizisu A

C24H32O7 (432.2148)

Schizandrin is a tannin. Schisandrin is a natural product found in Schisandra rubriflora, Schisandra sphenanthera, and Schisandra chinensis with data available. Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3]. Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3].

Alizarin

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

Alizarin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a chromophore, a dye and a plant metabolite. Alizarin is a natural product found in Oldenlandia umbellata, Rubia alata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rubia tinctorum root (part of). A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin is a flavone C-glycoside consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetrahydroxyflavone and a flavone C-glycoside. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of an isoorientin(1-). Isoorientin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Itea chinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). A C-glycosyl compound consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a vitexin-7-olate. Vitexin is a natural product found in Itea chinensis, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Cytisus scoparius flowering top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of) ... View More ... An apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin, also known as (S)-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide or (S)-3-(allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Alliin is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alliin can be found in a number of food items such as red rice, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), ceylon cinnamon, and olive, which makes alliin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Garlic has been used since antiquity as a therapeutic remedy for certain conditions now associated with oxygen toxicity, and, when this was investigated, garlic did indeed show strong antioxidant and hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties, it is presumed owing to the alliin contained within. Alliin has also been found to affect immune responses in blood . 3-(Allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine is a L-alpha-amino acid. Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Alliin is the main active component of garlic. (±)-Alliin is a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro)[1]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

isoflavon

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Isoflavone is a simplest member of the class of isoflavones that is 4H-chromen-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a phenyl group. Isoflavone is a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component of several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa. Soybean is an exceptionally rich source of dietary isoflavones, where the average isoflavone content is 1-2 mg/gram. The main soy isoflavones are mostly present in glycosylated forms and include [DB01645], [DB13182], and glycitein, which accounts for approximately 50\\\\%, 40\\\\%, and 10\\\\%, respectively, of the total soybean isoflavone content. The clinical benefits of soy proteins have been studied and demonstrated for many years, with some evidence of soy products associated with a reduced incidences of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and breast and prostate cancer. While existing data are consistent or inadequate in supporting most of the suggested health benefits of consuming soy proteins and isoflavones, the trials investigating isoflavone as a potential treatment for atrophy, menopause, and postmenopausal symptoms are ongoing. Isoflavone is found as one of constituents in oral over-the-counter dietary supplements indicated for improved bone mass density and body fat regulation. Isoflavone is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus, Medicago sativa, and other organisms with data available. Isoflavone is a class of polyphenolic compounds derived from the Fabaceae family with potential phytoestrogenic, cholesterol-reducing, chemotherapeutic and antioxidant activity. In isoflavones the phenyl group on the benzopyran ring is in position 3 relative to the oxygen of the ring. Most isoflavones for human consumption and that are currently studied are derived from soy beans. 3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position. A simplest member of the class of isoflavones that is 4H-chromen-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a phenyl group. Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2]. Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2].

Naringenin

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

Naringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 4. It is a trihydroxyflavanone and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Helichrysum cephaloideum, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 4. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

Methyl_cinnamate

C10H10O2 (162.0681)

Methyl cinnamate is a methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of methyl cinnamic acid with methanol. It is found naturally in the essential oils of Alpinia and Basil leaf oil, and widely used in the flavor and perfume industries. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance, an insect attractant, a volatile oil component and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a methyl ester and an alkyl cinnamate. Methyl cinnamate is a natural product found in Melaleuca viridiflora, Alpinia formosana, and other organisms with data available. Methyl cinnamate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The E (trans) isomer of methyl cinnamate. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1].

Methyl cinnamate

C10H10O2 (162.0681)

Methyl cinnamate is found in ceylan cinnamon. Methyl cinnamate occurs in essential oils e.g. from Ocimum and Alpinia species Also present in various fruits, e.g. guava, feijoa, strawberry. Methyl cinnamate is a flavouring agent.Methyl cinnamate is the methyl ester of cinnamic acid and is a white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. It is found naturally in a variety of plants, including in fruits, like strawberry, and some culinary spices, such as Sichuan pepper and some varieties of basil. Eucalyptus olida has the highest known concentrations of methyl cinnamate (98\\\\\%) with a 2-6\\\\\% fresh weight yield in the leaf and twigs. Occurs in essential oils e.g. from Ocimum and Alpinia subspecies Also present in various fruits, e.g. guava, feijoa, strawberry. Flavouring agent Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1].

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid

C20H40O2 (312.3028)

3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid is an isomer of Phytanic acid, an unusual 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid; Phytanic acid accumulates in blood and tissues of patients with Refsum disease (RD, an inborn error of lipid metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (OMIM 266500)), and is a reliable identifier of RD from a large number of other neurological disorders. Phytanic acid also accumulates in a number of other disorders with a very different clinical course: disorders of peroxisome biogenesis (Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510)) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1 (OMIM 215100). Phytanic acid is a 3-methyl fatty acid that cannot be beta-oxidized directly, and first undergoes an alpha-oxidation a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, which is deficient in RD, the only true disorder of phytanic acid alpha-oxidation. (The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease).

cis-Caffeic acid

C9H8O4 (180.0423)

Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. Outside of the human body, caffeic acid has been detected, but not quantified in fats and oils and nuts. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. It occurs at high levels in black chokeberry (141 mg per 100 g) and in fairly high level in lingonberry (6 mg per 100 g). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Found in olive oil, peanuts and other plant sources Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Linolenelaidic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

Linolenelaidic acid is found in fats and oils. Linolenelaidic acid is isolated from seed oil of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Isolated from seed oil of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Linolenelaidic acid is found in fats and oils.

(-)-Haematoxylin

C16H14O6 (302.079)

D004396 - Coloring Agents

Astragaloside A

C41H68O14 (784.4609)

Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Diosgenin

C27H42O3 (414.3134)

Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].

5,8,11,14-Icosatetraenoic Acid

C20H32O2 (304.2402)

9Z,12E-Octadecadienoic acid

C18H32O2 (280.2402)

Alpha-Acarbose

C25H43NO18 (645.248)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BF - Alpha glucosidase inhibitors D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D065089 - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Iodofiltic Acid

C22H35IO2 (458.1682)

Sudan III

C22H16N4O (352.1324)

D004396 - Coloring Agents

Scarlet red

C24H20N4O (380.1637)

D004396 - Coloring Agents

(E)-Butylidene phthalide

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(e)-butylidene phthalide, also known as 3-butylidene-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone, is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofuranones. Isobenzofuranones are compounds containing a 2-benzofuran moiety that carries an oxo group at the 1 position (e)-butylidene phthalide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (e)-butylidene phthalide can be found in wild celery, which makes (e)-butylidene phthalide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Anthemoside

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Constituent of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). Anthemoside is found in herbs and spices.

3-phenylpropanoic acid

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities. Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities.

Chenodiol

C24H40O4 (392.2926)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Choline

[C5H14NO]+ (104.1075)

D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

Bellidin

C13H8O6 (260.0321)

Bellidin is a member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a mutagen, an antioxidant and a radical scavenger. It is a member of xanthones and a tetrol. It is functionally related to a xanthone. 1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Swertia teres, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris.

Baicalein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Baicalein is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. It has a role as an antioxidant, a hormone antagonist, a prostaglandin antagonist, an EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a baicalein(1-). Baicalein is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03830684 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter and Phase ⅡA Clinical Trial for the Effectiveness and Safety of Baicalein Tablets in the Treatment of Improve Other Aspects of Healthy Adult With Influenza Fever). Baicalein is a natural product found in Stachys annua, Stellera chamaejasme, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D011448 - Prostaglandin Antagonists A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Baicalein, also known as 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone or baicalein (old), is a member of the class of compounds known as flavones. Flavones are flavonoids with a structure based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Thus, baicalein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Baicalein is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Baicalein can be found in welsh onion, which makes baicalein a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Baicalein, along with its analogue baicalin, is a positive allosteric modulator of the benzodiazepine site and/or a non-benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor. It displays subtype selectivity for α2 and α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. In accordance, baicalein shows anxiolytic effects in mice without incidence of sedation or myorelaxation. It is thought that baicalein, along with other flavonoids, may underlie the anxiolytic effects of S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora. Baicalein is also an antagonist of the estrogen receptor, or an antiestrogen . Annotation level-1 Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. Baicalein. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=491-67-8 (retrieved 2024-12-12) (CAS RN: 491-67-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Baicalin

C21H18O11 (446.0849)

Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, a prodrug, a plant metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an antineoplastic agent, a cardioprotective agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, an antioxidant, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent and an antibacterial agent. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a glycosyloxyflavone, a dihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a baicalein. It is a conjugate acid of a baicalin(1-). Baicalin is a natural product found in Scutellaria amoena, Thalictrum baicalense, and other organisms with data available. See also: Scutellaria baicalensis Root (part of). The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3]. Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3].

AlisolA

C30H50O5 (490.3658)

Alisol A is a natural product. Alisol A is a natural product.

Alisol

C30H50O5 (490.3658)

Alisol A is a natural product. Alisol A is a natural product.

Rhaponticin

C21H24O9 (420.142)

Trans-rhaponticin is a rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent, an anti-allergic agent and an antilipemic drug. Rhapontin is a natural product found in Rheum compactum, Rheum hotaoense, and other organisms with data available. A rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities. Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1]. Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1].

Astragalin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1]. Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1].

Maslinic Acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 3alpha-hydroxy epimer of maslinic acid. Isolated from Prunella vulgaris and Isodon japonicus, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Annotation level-1 Maslinic acid can inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 and abolish the phosphorylation of IκB-α, which is required for p65 activation. Maslinic acid can inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 and abolish the phosphorylation of IκB-α, which is required for p65 activation.

Quinic acid

C7H12O6 (192.0634)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee.

sitosterol

C29H50O (414.3861)

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Melatonin

C13H16N2O2 (232.1212)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CH - Melatonin receptor agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3385; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3387 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3387; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3385 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3400; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3398 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3376; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3375 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3184; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3183 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3387 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3198; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3196 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7086; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7084 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7064; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7062 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7062; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7059 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7090 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7098; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7096 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 961; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7084; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7082 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.685 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.686 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.679 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.682 Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5]. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].

Hematoxylin

C16H14O6 (302.079)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.308 D004396 - Coloring Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.309

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Apigenin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.061 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.062 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.058 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.059 Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.

Apiin

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].

Astilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Neoisoastilbin is a natural product found in Smilax corbularia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1].

olmelin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.976 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.975 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.968 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.971 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

ampelopsin

C15H12O8 (320.0532)

Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM.

Methylnissolin

C17H16O5 (300.0998)

Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1].

Diosmetin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Diosmetin is a natural flavonoid which inhibits human CYP1A enzyme activity with an IC50 of 40 μM in HepG2 cell. Diosmetin is a natural flavonoid which inhibits human CYP1A enzyme activity with an IC50 of 40 μM in HepG2 cell.

Glycyrol

C21H18O6 (366.1103)

Neoglycyrol is isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch[1]. Neoglycyrol is a potential myocardial protection active compound screened from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill (TMYXP)[2]. Neoglycyrol is isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch[1]. Neoglycyrol is a potential myocardial protection active compound screened from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill (TMYXP)[2].

Hirsutrin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isolated from wheat leaves (Triticum species). Isoorientin 6-diglucoside is found in wheat and cereals and cereal products. Isoorientin is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isoorientin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isoorientin can be found in a number of food items such as oat, prairie turnip, common buckwheat, and common salsify, which makes isoorientin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in Gentiana olivieri . Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Rhamnocitrin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Rhamnocitrin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a member of flavonols and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Rhamnocitrin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2].

Narirutin

C27H32O14 (580.1792)

Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Narirutin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2]. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2].

Swartziol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

Phloretin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.912 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.909 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.910 Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].

Quercitrin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2].

Quercetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Annotation level-1 COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.898 D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.902 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1981; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3301; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3283; CONFIDENCE confident structure Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].

Irigenin

C18H16O8 (360.0845)

Irigenin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3 and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4 and 5 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyisoflavone and a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Irigenin is a natural product found in Iris milesii, Iris tectorum, and other organisms with data available. A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3 and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4 and 5 respectively. Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells[1]. Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells[1].

Thioctic acid

C8H14O2S2 (206.0435)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3996; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3992 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4005; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4002 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3980; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3976 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3993; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3989 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4012; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1015; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3990; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3988 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.890 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.888 α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5]. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5].

Ephedrine

C10H15NO (165.1154)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AB - Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CA - Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FB - Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.064 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.062

Cinnamic Acid

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

Trans-cinnamic acid, also known as (2e)-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid or (E)-cinnamate, is a member of the class of compounds known as cinnamic acids. Cinnamic acids are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. Trans-cinnamic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-cinnamic acid is a sweet, balsam, and honey tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as maitake, mustard spinach, common wheat, and barley, which makes trans-cinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Trans-cinnamic acid can be found primarily in saliva. Trans-cinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Trans-cinnamic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CHCHCO2H. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants. It exists as both a cis and a trans isomer, although the latter is more common . Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].

Catechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Annotation level-1 Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Isoquercetin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

Chenodiol

C24H40O4 (392.2926)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Genistin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a genistein. It is a conjugate acid of a genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Genistin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Dalbergia sissoo, and other organisms with data available. Genistin (Genistine), an isoflavone belonging to the phytoestrogen family, is a potent anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic agent. Genistin attenuates cellular growth and promotes apoptotic cell death breast cancer cells through modulation of ERalpha signaling pathway[1][2][3]. Genistin (Genistine), an isoflavone belonging to the phytoestrogen family, is a potent anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic agent. Genistin attenuates cellular growth and promotes apoptotic cell death breast cancer cells through modulation of ERalpha signaling pathway[1][2][3].

Chlorogenic Acid

C16H18O9 (354.0951)

IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

Kaempferol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Annotation level-3 Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.010 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.011 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2141; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3341; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3321; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE confident structure; IPB_RECORD: 3321 IPB_RECORD: 141; CONFIDENCE confident structure Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

Naringin

C27H32O14 (580.1792)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.745 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.741 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.739 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2201; CONFIDENCE confident structure Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.

Ginsenoside Rg1

C42H72O14 (800.4922)

Isolated from ginseng. (20E)-Ginsenoside F4 is found in tea. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Obacunone

C26H30O7 (454.1991)

Obacunone is a limonoid. Obacunone is a natural product found in Limonia acidissima, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1]. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1].

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.3705)

Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

Aucubin

C15H22O9 (346.1264)

Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids; Origin: Plant Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].

Rutin

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2352 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.724 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.728 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1921; CONFIDENCE confident structure Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].

Osthol

C15H16O3 (244.1099)

Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite. Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica pubescens root (part of). A natural product found in Peucedanum ostruthium and Angelica pubescens. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Origin: Plant, Coumarins Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.

Daucosterol

C35H60O6 (576.439)

Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.

Amygdalin

C20H27NO11 (457.1584)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents (R)-amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. D-Amygdalin is a natural product found in Prunus spinosa, Gerbera jamesonii, and other organisms with data available. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04) A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C29724 - Cyanoglycoside Agent An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C20H27NO11; Bottle Name:Amygdalin; PRIME Parent Name:Amygdalin; PRIME in-house No.:V0293, Glycosides, Nitriles Annotation level-1 Neoamygdalin is a natural product found in Prunus virginiana, Prunus serotina, and other organisms with data available. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04) A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums. Neoamygdalin is a compound identified in the different processed bitter almonds. Neoamygdalin has the potential for the research of cough and asthma[1].

Loganic acid

C16H24O10 (376.1369)

8-Epiloganic acid is a natural product found in Plantago atrata, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. 8-Epiloganic acid, an iridoid glucoside, can be found in Linaria cymbalaria (Scrophulariaceae)[1]. 8-Epiloganic acid, an iridoid glucoside, can be found in Linaria cymbalaria (Scrophulariaceae)[1]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2].

Citronellol

C10H20O (156.1514)

Citronellol is a monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Citronellol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Java citronella oil (part of). A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].

Bisphenol_F

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

Bisphenol F is a bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It has a role as an environmental food contaminant and a xenoestrogen. It is a diarylmethane and a bisphenol. 4,4-Methylenediphenol is a natural product found in Galeola faberi, Xanthium strumarium, and other organisms with data available. 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethane is a phenolic derivative with antioxidant activities[1]. 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethane is a phenolic derivative with antioxidant activities[1].

Pioglitazone

C19H20N2O3S (356.1195)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BG - Thiazolidinediones C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98241 - Thiazolidinedione Antidiabetic Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3417 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3413; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3410 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3422; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3421 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3410; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3408 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3260; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3258 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3419; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3417 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7098; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7097 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7118; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7116 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7125 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7146; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7145 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7154; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7153 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 289; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7069; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7068 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2203 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8526 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3286 Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research[2][3][4].

DIFLUBENZURON

C14H9ClF2N2O2 (310.0321)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Same as: D07829 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5071; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5069 INTERNAL_ID 492; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5071; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5069 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5087; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5086 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5048; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5047 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5086; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5076 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5076; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3388 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2332 INTERNAL_ID 2332; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8458

Lipoxin A4

C20H32O5 (352.225)

A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Chemical was purchased from CAY90410 (Lot D433602-40); Diagnostic ions: 351.2, 251.1, 235,1, 145.6, 114.9

Berberine

[C20H18NO4]+ (336.1236)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2521; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 821; CONFIDENCE confident structure

Boldine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (s)-boldine is a member of the class of compounds known as aporphines. Aporphines are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system or a dehydrogenated derivative thereof (s)-boldine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-boldine can be found in sweet bay, which makes (s)-boldine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H21NO4; Bottle Name:Boldine hydrochloride; PRIME Parent Name:Boldine; PRIME in-house No.:V0322; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.487 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.480 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.482 IPB_RECORD: 841; CONFIDENCE confident structure Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].

Choline

[C5H14NO]+ (104.1075)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OEYIOHPDSNJKLS_STSL_0152_Choline_0125fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_80; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents IPB_RECORD: 922; CONFIDENCE confident structure D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

Scopoletin

C10H8O4 (192.0423)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.636 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.637 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.629 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.631 IPB_RECORD: 1582; CONFIDENCE confident structure Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Coumarin

C9H6O2 (146.0368)

Coumarin, also known as 1,2-benzopyrone or benzo-alpha-pyrone, belongs to coumarins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Coumarin is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Coumarin is a sweet, green, and new mown hay tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as malus (crab apple), sunburst squash (pattypan squash), european cranberry, and star anise, which makes coumarin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Coumarin can be found primarily in saliva. Coumarin is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Coumarin was first synthesized in 1868. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor reagent in the synthesis of a number of synthetic anticoagulant pharmaceuticals similar to dicoumarol, the notable ones being warfarin (brand name Coumadin) and some even more potent rodenticides that work by the same anticoagulant mechanism. 4-hydroxycoumarins are a type of vitamin K antagonist. Pharmaceutical (modified) coumarins were all developed from the study of sweet clover disease; see warfarin for this history. However, unmodified coumarin itself, as it occurs in plants, has no effect on the vitamin K coagulation system, or on the action of warfarin-type drugs . C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2337 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.657 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.654 IPB_RECORD: 3881; CONFIDENCE confident structure Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.

Biochanin A

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Annotation level-1 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.140 D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.141 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.139 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.137 IPB_RECORD: 2161; CONFIDENCE confident structure Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.

Genistein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2181; CONFIDENCE confident structure Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Bergapten

C12H8O4 (216.0423)

D - Dermatologicals > D05 - Antipsoriatics > D05B - Antipsoriatics for systemic use > D05BA - Psoralens for systemic use D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.998 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.995 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2841; CONFIDENCE confident structure Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms. Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms.

Caffeate

C9H8O4 (180.0423)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID C107 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Kaempferol-3-rutinoside

C27H30O15 (594.1585)

Kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside, also known as nicotiflorin or kaempferol 3-rutinoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside can be found in ginkgo nuts and tea, which makes kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius. Nicotiflorin shows potent antiglycation activity and neuroprotection effects. Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius. Nicotiflorin shows potent antiglycation activity and neuroprotection effects.

Caffeic Acid

C9H8O4 (180.0423)

A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, also known as caffeic acid or trans-caffeate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid can be found in fats and oils and nuts, which makes 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of plant biomass and its residues . Caffeic acid is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food. (PMID:16870009) [HMDB]. Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, coriander, common persimmon, and irish moss. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 167 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.403 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Gingerol

C17H26O4 (294.1831)

Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-hydroxy ketone and a member of guaiacols. Gingerol is a natural product found in Illicium verum, Piper nigrum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. Annotation level-1 [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation.

Puerarin

C21H20O9 (416.1107)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.

Schizandrin

C24H32O7 (432.2148)

Annotation level-1 Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3]. Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats[1][2][3].

Swertiamarin

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Annotation level-1 Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma littorale, confers anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects[1]. Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma littorale, confers anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects[1].

Hesperetin

C16H14O6 (302.079)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.958 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.957 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.955 (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis.

Rosin

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.566 D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.569 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.570 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.573 Abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Colophony, possesses antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy treatment[1][2]. Abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Colophony, possesses antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy treatment[1][2].

Linolenic Acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.566 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.567 α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].

Esculetin

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.434 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.428 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.430 Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1].

Lovastatin

C24H36O5 (404.2563)

C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2212 D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.415 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.416 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.421 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.419 Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol. Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.

Indometacin

C19H16ClNO4 (357.0768)

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AA - Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BC - Antiinflammatory agents, non-steroids D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

nisoldipine

C20H24N2O6 (388.1634)

C - Cardiovascular system > C08 - Calcium channel blockers > C08C - Selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects > C08CA - Dihydropyridine derivatives C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

Fenofibrate (Tricor, Trilipix)

C20H21ClO4 (360.1128)

Fenofibrate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=49562-28-9 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 49562-28-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.

Levocarnitine

C7H15NO3 (161.1052)

Used in sport and infant nutrition. Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine. In living cells, it is required for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria during the breakdown of lipids (or fats) for the generation of metabolic energy. It is often sold as a nutritional supplement. Carnitine was originally found as a growth factor for mealworms and labeled vitamin Bt. Carnitine exists in two stereoisomers: its biologically active form is L-carnitine, while its enantiomer, D-carnitine, is biologically inactive.; Carnitine is not an essential amino acid; Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cells to urine before they accumulate to toxic concentrations. Lack of carnitine can lead to liver, heart, and muscle problems. Carnitine deficiency is defined biochemically as abnormally low plasma concentrations of free carnitine, less than 20 µmol/L at one week post term and may be associated with low tissue and/or urine concentrations. Further, this condition may be associated with a plasma concentration ratio of acylcarnitine/levocarnitine greater than 0.4 or abnormally elevated concentrations of acylcarnitine in the urine. Only the L isomer of carnitine (sometimes called vitamin BT) affects lipid metabolism. The "vitamin BT" form actually contains D,L-carnitine, which competitively inhibits levocarnitine and can cause deficiency. Levocarnitine can be used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.; There is a close correlation between changes in plasma levels of osteocalcin and osteoblast activity and a reduction in osteocalcin plasma levels is an indicator of reduced osteoblast activity, which appears to underlie osteoporosis in elderly subjects and in postmenopausal women. Administration of a carnitine mixture or propionyl-L-carnitine is capable of increasing serum osteocalcin concentrations of animals thus treated, whereas serum osteocalcin levels tend to decrease with age in control animals.; it can be synthesized in the body. However, it is so important in providing energy to muscles including the heart-that some researchers are now recommending carnitine supplements in the diet, particularly for people who do not consume much red meat, the main food source for carnitine. Carnitine has been described as a vitamin, an amino acid, or a metabimin, i.e., an essential metabolite. Like the B vitamins, carnitine contains nitrogen and is very soluble in water, and to some researchers carnitine is a vitamin (Liebovitz 1984). It was found that an animal (yellow mealworm) could not grow without carnitine in its diet. However, as it turned out, almost all other animals, including humans, do make their own carnitine; thus, it is no longer considered a vitamin. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances-such as deficiencies of methionine, lysine or vitamin C or kidney dialysis--carnitine shortages develop. Under these conditions, carnitine must be absorbed from food, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as a "metabimin" or a conditionally essential metabolite. Like the other amino acids used or manufactured by the body, carnitine is an amine. But like choline, which is sometimes considered to be a B vitamin, carnitine is also an alcohol (specifically, a trimethylated carboxy-alcohol). Thus, carnitine is an unusual amino acid and has different functions than most other amino acids, which are most usually employed by the body in the construction of protein. Carnitine is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism in mammals. Its most important known metabolic function is to transport fat into the mitochondria of muscle cells, including those in the heart, for oxidation. This is how the heart gets most of its energy. In humans, about 25\\\\\%... MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; PHIQHXFUZVPYII_STSL_0119_Carnitine hydrochrolide_0125fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_131; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3]. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3].

ferulate

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Ferulic acid, also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Ferulic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ferulic acid can be found in a number of food items such as flaxseed, pepper (c. chinense), chinese cinnamon, and wakame, which makes ferulic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ferulic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and stratum corneum tissues. Ferulic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a type of organic compound. It is an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded as side chains to molecules such as arabinoxylans. As a component of lignin, ferulic acid is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds. The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis) . D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.

Azelaic Acid

C9H16O4 (188.1049)

D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Annotation level-2 Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Isovitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an isovitexin-7-olate. Isovitexin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Rauhiella, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Acai (part of); Crataegus monogyna flowering top (part of). A C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. Isovitexin is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isovitexin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isovitexin can be found in a number of food items such as common salsify, winged bean, flaxseed, and common buckwheat, which makes isovitexin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isovitexin (or homovitexin, saponaretin) is a flavone. the apigenin-6-C-glucoside. It can be found in the passion flower, Cannabis, and the açaí palm . Constituent of Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Isovitexin 2-(6-p-coumaroylglucoside) 4-glucoside is found in cucumber and fruits. Constituent of young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare variety nudum). Isovitexin 7-(6-sinapoylglucoside) is found in barley and cereals and cereal products. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.

Nicotinic acid

C6H5NO2 (123.032)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 706; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 705 C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AD - Nicotinic acid and derivatives C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators > C04AC - Nicotinic acid and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 699; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 697 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 707; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 706 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1277; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1275 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1283; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1281 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1265; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1263 MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; PVNIIMVLHYAWGP_STSL_0169_Nicotinic acid_0125fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_96; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

Indole

C8H7N (117.0578)

Indole is an endogenous metabolite. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.

Coumestrol

C15H8O5 (268.0372)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM. Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM.

Neohesperidin

C28H34O15 (610.1898)

Neohesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is hesperitin having an 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a neohesperidoside, a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a hesperetin. (S)-7-(((2-O-6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. A flavanone glycoside that is hesperitin having an 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. Neohesperidin is a flavonoid compound found in high amounts in citrus fruits with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Neohesperidin is a flavonoid compound found in high amounts in citrus fruits with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

PENTADECANOIC ACID

C15H30O2 (242.2246)

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Coumarin

C9H6O2 (146.0368)

Coumarin (/ˈkuːmərɪn/) or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula C9H6O2. Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring −(CH)=(CH)−(C=O)−O−, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and considered as a lactone.[1] Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste.[1] It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. Coumarin inhibits synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.[1][2] Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.

Ginsenoside Rf

C42H72O14 (800.4922)

Constituent of Panax ginseng (ginseng). The first pure ginseng constituent to show nearly all the activities of the plant extract. Ginsenoside Rf is found in tea. Annotation level-1 Ginsenoside Rf is a trace component of ginseng root. Ginsenoside Rf inhibits N-type Ca2+ channel. Ginsenoside Rf is a trace component of ginseng root. Ginsenoside Rf inhibits N-type Ca2+ channel.

Arctiin

C27H34O11 (534.2101)

Annotation level-1 Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity. Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.

Calycosin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Calycosin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3 position and a methoxy group at the 4 position. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones and a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a calycosin(1-). Calycosin is a natural product found in Thermopsis lanceolata, Hedysarum polybotrys, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3 position and a methoxy group at the 4 position. Calycosin is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Calycosin is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Angelicin

C11H6O3 (186.0317)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007364 - Intercalating Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants Origin: Plant, Coumarins Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM). Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM).

acetic acid

C2H4O2 (60.0211)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent

Glycerophosphoric acid

C3H9O6P (172.0137)

Lauric acid

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.[6] It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates. Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty-acid content in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil),[10][11] Otherwise, it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk (6.2\\\\% of total fat), cow's milk (2.9\\\\%), and goat's milk (3.1\\\\%). Lauric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=143-07-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 143-07-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

PHYTANIC ACID

C20H40O2 (312.3028)

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.

Phenylacetylglycine

C10H11NO3 (193.0739)

A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1]. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1].

dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

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4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations.

Acarbose

C25H43NO18 (645.248)

Acarbose is a tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of a dideoxy-4-{[4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl C7 cyclitol moiety [called valienol (or valienamine)] linked via nitrogen to isomaltotriose. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate base of an acarbose(1+). Acarbose is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor which decreases intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and is used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes. Acarbose has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Acarbose is a natural product found in Streptomyces glaucescens, Streptomyces coelicoflavus, and other organisms with data available. Acarbose is a pseudotetrasaccharide and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase with antihyperglycemic activity. Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides. This prevents the breakdown of larger carbohydrates into glucose and decreases the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels. In addition, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase which hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the small intestines. An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BF - Alpha glucosidase inhibitors D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D065089 - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2846 - Glucosidase Inhibitor Origin: Microbe, Polysaccharides Acarbose (BAY g 5421), antihyperglycemic agent, is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=11 nM). Acarbose can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin[1][2][3].

Fucoxanthin

C42H58O6 (658.4233)

Fucoxanthin is an epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a CFTR potentiator, a food antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a hepatoprotective agent, a marine metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an epoxycarotenol, an acetate ester, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a member of allenes. Fucoxanthin is a natural product found in Aequipecten opercularis, Ascidia zara, and other organisms with data available. An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

loxapine

C18H18ClN3O (327.1138)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AH - Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent Loxapine is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent[1][4].

Alizarin

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

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TRICHLOROACETIC ACID

C2HCl3O2 (161.9042)

D009676 - Noxae > D002424 - Caustics

isomaltulose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide

C15H12N2O2 (252.0899)

An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2038

FA 18:3

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].

glyburide

C23H28ClN3O5S (493.1438)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].

Crocetin

C20H24O4 (328.1675)

Crocetin is a 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a carotenoic acid, a diterpenoid and a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a crocetin(2-). Vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma. Crocetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available. A 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower and Gardenia jasminoides (fruits).

Esbiothrin

C19H26O3 (302.1882)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000487 - Allethrins D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2459

rotundine

C21H25NO4 (355.1783)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1].

Betulafolienetriol

C30H52O3 (460.3916)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Triterpenoids

Tetrahydropalmatin

C21H25NO4 (355.1783)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2302 D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D-Tetrahydropalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly in the genus Corydalis[1]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors[2]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a potent organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitor[3]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly in the genus Corydalis[1]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors[2]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a potent organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitor[3]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly in the genus Corydalis[1]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors[2]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a potent organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitor[3].

Chenix

C24H40O4 (392.2926)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

phosphoenolpyruvate

C3H5O6P (167.9824)

Choline

C5H14NO+ (104.1075)

A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

butyrin

C15H26O6 (302.1729)

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer

caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

Rhapontin

C21H24O9 (420.142)

Rhapontin is a member of the class of compounds known as stilbene glycosides. Stilbene glycosides are compounds structurally characterized by the presence of a carbohydrate moiety glycosidically linked to the stilbene skeleton. Rhapontin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Rhapontin can be found in garden rhubarb, which makes rhapontin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Rhapontin has beneficial effects on diabetic mice, and in vitro results suggest it may be relevant to Alzheimers disease with an action on beta amyloid . Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1]. Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baill), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1].

Asahina

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

D-xylo-Form

C6H13NO3 (147.0895)

Cephrol

C10H20O (156.1514)

Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].

Betulafolientriol

C30H52O3 (460.3916)

Arachidin II

C19H20O3 (296.1412)

Acetate

C2H4O2 (60.0211)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent

C12:0

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

FA 18:2

C18H32O2 (280.2402)

Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].

FA 20:3

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

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2-amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid

C6H13NO3 (147.0895)

ST 19:0

C19H32 (260.2504)

3-phenylpropanoic acid

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities. Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities.

Pinocembrin-7-methyl ether

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

L-Tyrosine, N-((1Z)-1-methyl-3-oxo-3-phenyl-1-propenyl)-O-(2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl)ethyl)-

C31H30N2O5 (510.2155)

Benzylparaben

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Same as: D07518

cosmetin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2]. Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2].

Versulin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.

cinaroside

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-glucoside) is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. Cynaroside is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. Cynaroside also is a promising inhibitor for H2O2-induced apoptosis, has cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside also has antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][3][4][5].

Scopoletol

C10H8O4 (192.0423)

Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Quertin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].

Mairin

C30H48O3 (456.3603)

C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4].

AI3-63211

C9H8O4 (180.0423)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

AI3-00579

C10H10O2 (162.0681)

Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1]. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1].

C-1297

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

AI3-00892

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities. Hydrocinnamic acid is the major rhizospheric compound with known growth regulatory activities.

Harzol

C29H50O (414.3861)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Linic

C6H5NO2 (123.032)

C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AD - Nicotinic acid and derivatives C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators > C04AC - Nicotinic acid and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

Rattex

C9H6O2 (146.0368)

C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.

NPI 031L

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

KB-53

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Urson

C30H48O3 (456.3603)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

GALOP

C7H6O5 (170.0215)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

Ostol

C15H16O3 (244.1099)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.

Coumarate

C9H8O3 (164.0473)

D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.

jatrorrizine

C20H20NO4+ (338.1392)

Pelmin

C6H6N2O (122.048)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].

Uniphat A60

C17H34O2 (270.2559)

Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3]. Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3].

Cinnamal

C9H8O (132.0575)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D016587 - Antimutagenic Agents D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate[1]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits[2]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate[1]. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits[2].

AI3-36441

C15H30O2 (242.2246)

Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Phloretol

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].

AI3-52407

C9H7NO (145.0528)

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a banlangen extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin[1]. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a banlangen extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin[1].

indol

C8H7N (117.0578)

Indole is an endogenous metabolite. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.

FR-0985

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations.

Marmesin

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetin is a marmesin with R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a rat metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-marmesin. Nodakenetin is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Melicope barbigera, and other organisms with data available. A marmesin with R-configuration. (+)-marmesin is a marmesin. It is an enantiomer of a nodakenetin. Marmesin is a natural product found in Coronilla scorpioides, Clausena dunniana, and other organisms with data available. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.

5-Mop

C12H8O4 (216.0423)

D - Dermatologicals > D05 - Antipsoriatics > D05B - Antipsoriatics for systemic use > D05BA - Psoralens for systemic use D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms. Bergapten is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms.

Bergaptin

C21H22O4 (338.1518)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM.

Heriguard

C16H18O9 (354.0951)

Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

Senkyunolide A

C12H16O2 (192.115)

Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2]. Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2].

Zimtsaeure

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].

Ginkgetin

C32H22O10 (566.1213)

Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ[1][2][3][4][5]. Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ[1][2][3][4][5].

Skimmetin

C9H6O3 (162.0317)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent. Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent.

Axsain

C18H27NO3 (305.1991)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AB - Capsaicin and similar agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2].

Biacalein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D011448 - Prostaglandin Antagonists D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM.

rhodosin

C14H20O7 (300.1209)

Salidroside is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Salidroside is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Echinocystic acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

Angecin

C11H6O3 (186.0317)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007364 - Intercalating Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM). Angelicin is a natural tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is structurally related to psoralen and has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and other activities. Cytotoxic, IC50: 49.56 μM; inhibits MHV-68, IC50: 5.39 μg/ml (28.95 μM).

Androstane

C19H32 (260.2504)

Hyndarin

C21H25NO4 (355.1783)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM.

Escosyl

C15H16O9 (340.0794)

Esculin, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is an active ingredient of ash bark[1]. Esculin ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), and exerts anti?oxidative stress and anti?inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway[2]. Esculin, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is an active ingredient of ash bark[1]. Esculin ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), and exerts anti?oxidative stress and anti?inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway[2].

Ayapanin

C10H8O3 (176.0473)

Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect.

Marmesine

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2].

31721-94-5

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1]. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1].

20:3n-6

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

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Eciphin

C10H15NO (165.1154)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AB - Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CA - Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FB - Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents

Teavigo

C22H18O11 (458.0849)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016587 - Antimutagenic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma[1][2][3][4].

29307-60-6

C23H34O15 (550.1898)

Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

5340-63-6

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Flavon

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

flavonol

C15H10O3 (238.063)

Flavonol is an endogenous metabolite. Flavonol is an endogenous metabolite.

isoflavon

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2]. Isoflavone, a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component, presents in several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa[1][2].

AIDS-026336

C18H16O8 (360.0845)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

Sanchinoside R1

C47H80O18 (932.5344)

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3]. Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3].

Cumostrol

C15H8O5 (268.0372)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM. Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products, exhibits activities against cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It suppresses proliferation of ES2 cells with an IC50 of 50 μM.

Viset

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects. Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects. Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects.

Delphinidin 3-glucoside

C21H21O12+ (465.1033)

Delphinidin 3-glucoside is found in adzuki bean. Delphinidin 3-glucoside is isolated from grapes and many other plant species Delphinidin 3-glucoside is present in red wine. Delphinidin 3-glucoside is isolated from grapes and many other plant spp. It is found in red wine, redcurrant, summer grape, strawberry, and green bean.

Ginsenoside_Rb1

C54H92O23 (1108.6029)

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an anti-obesity agent, an anti-inflammatory drug, an apoptosis inhibitor, a radical scavenger and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a glycoside and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a ginsenoside Rd. Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rb1 appears to be most abundant in Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng). Rb1 seems to affect the reproductive system in animal testicles. Recent research shows that Rb1 affects rat embryo development and has teratogenic effects, causing birth defects. Another study shows that Rb1 may increase testosterone production in male rats indirectly through the stimulation of the luteinizing hormone. Ginsenoside rb1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 . Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 .

Notoginsenoside

C47H80O18 (932.5344)

Notoginsenoside R1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inducer and a phytoestrogen. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a disaccharide derivative, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Notoginsenoside R1 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available. See also: Panax notoginseng root (part of). A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3]. Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells[1][2][3].

Ginsenoside

C48H82O18 (946.5501)

Ginsenoside Re is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a disaccharide derivative and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside B2 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00781534 (A Clinical Trial of Ginseng in Diabetes). Ginsenoside Re is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Luffa aegyptiaca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of). A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.

Berberine

C20H18NO4+ (336.1236)

Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. 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trans-Cinnamic acid

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

trans-Cinnamic acid, also known as (e)-cinnamic acid or phenylacrylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cinnamic acids. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. trans-Cinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. trans-Cinnamic acid is a sweet, balsam, and cinnamon tasting compound. Outside of the human body, trans-Cinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as chinese cinnamons, olives, and lingonberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, red raspberries, and corianders. trans-Cinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common oregano, pepper (spice), fennels, pomegranates, and european cranberries. This could make trans-cinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cinnamic acid has been shown to be a microbial metabolite; it can be found in Alcaligenes, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, and Pseudomonas (PMID:16349793). trans-Cinnamic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of styrenes and a member of cinnamic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cinnamic acid is a natural product found in Marsypopetalum crassum, Aiouea brenesii, and other organisms with data available. Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point of 133 degree centigrade and a boiling point of 300 degree centigrade. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Chinese Cinnamon (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of) ... View More ... Cinnamic acid is a white crystalline hydroxycinnamic acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. Cinnamic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green bell pepper, olive, pepper (spice), and pear. A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Flavone is the simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a nematicide. Flavone is a natural product found in Grindelia hirsutula, Asphodeline damascena, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. -- Wikipedia. Flavones (flavus = yellow), are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Flavones is found in many foods, some of which are dill, feijoa, pomegranate, and rosemary. The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

Quinic_acid

C7H12O6 (192.0634)

(-)-quinic acid is the (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (-)-quinate. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-quinic acid. Quinate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quinic acid is a natural product found in Gamblea innovans, Pterocaulon virgatum, and other organisms with data available. An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed) D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. D-(-)-Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee.

Adyvia

C6H13NO3 (147.0895)

(4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine is an L-isoleucine derivative that is L-isoleucine bearing a (4S)-hydroxy substituent. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an amino alcohol, a L-isoleucine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is a tautomer of a (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine zwitterion. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). (2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity[1]. (2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity[1]. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) is an amino acid which can be extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) displays an insulinotropic activity of great interest[1]. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) is an amino acid which can be extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-?Hydroxy-?L-?isoleucine) displays an insulinotropic activity of great interest[1].

Jujuboside

C58H94O26 (1206.6033)

Jujuboside A is a triterpenoid. (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus lotus, and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa with data available. Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety. Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety. Jujuboside A is a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat insomnia and anxiety.

Ginsenoside

C42H72O13 (784.4973)

(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a glycoside. It is functionally related to a (20S)-protopanaxadiol. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available. A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Ginsenoside F2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid and a beta-D-glucoside. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. ginsenoside F2 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and Aralia elata with data available. A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression. Ginsenoside F2, a metabolite from Ginsenoside Rb1, induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells[1]. Ginsenoside F2, a metabolite from Ginsenoside Rb1, induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells[1].

Saponin V

C48H76O19 (956.4981)

Chikusetsusaponin-V is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite. Ginsenoside Ro is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Bassia indica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Asian Ginseng (part of). A natural product found in Panax japonicus var. major. Ginsenoside Ro (Polysciasaponin P3; Chikusetsusaponin 5; Chikusetsusaponin V) exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 ?μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS. Ginsenoside Ro (Polysciasaponin P3; Chikusetsusaponin 5; Chikusetsusaponin V) exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 ?μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS.

Ampelopsin

C15H12O8 (320.0532)

(+)-dihydromyricetin is an optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a dihydromyricetin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-dihydromyricetin. Dihydromyricetin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03606694 (Effect of Dihydromirycetin on Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). Dihydromyricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in the many plant species and is thought to be the active ingredient of several traditional Japanese, Chinese, and Korean medicines that are used to treat fever, parasite infections, liver diseases, and hangovers. Dihydromyricetin preparations have not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Dihydromyricetin is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Catha edulis, and other organisms with data available. An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM.

Ligusticum lactone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

DHSA

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 9,10-dihydroxystearate. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Apis cerana with data available. A hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from stearic acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10.

Zalcitabine

C9H13N3O3 (211.0957)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

Retinyl palmitate

C36H60O2 (524.4593)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retinyl palmitate is an ester of Retinol and is the major form of vitamin A found in the epidermis. Retinyl palmitate has been widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Streptozocin

C8H15N3O7 (265.091)

An N-nitrosourea that is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

ISOQUINOLINE

C9H7N (129.0578)

Icomucret

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

An optically active form of 15-HETE having 15(S)-configuration.. C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses

UNII:FU2EWB60RT

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17, 20 lyase activity of CYP17[1]. Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17, 20 lyase activity of CYP17[1].

RHODANINE

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

CANNABICHROMENE

C21H30O2 (314.2246)

alpha-Eleostearic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

3-Deoxyleucocyanidin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

A leucoanthocyanidin that is the 3-deoxy derivative of (2R,3S,4S)-leucocyanidin.

GW 9662

C13H9ClN2O3 (276.0302)

GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.

Trichloroacetate

C2HCl3O2 (161.9042)

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. D009676 - Noxae > D002424 - Caustics Same as: D08633

Dimethylnitrosamine

C2H6N2O (74.048)

Cerebrosterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

A 24-hydroxycholesterol that has S configuration at position 24. It is the major metabolic breakdown product of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3]. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3].

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL

C4H10O3 (106.063)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

DICYCLOHEXYL PHTHALATE

C20H26O4 (330.1831)

3-(Allylsulfinyl)-L-alanine

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

bisphenol F

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

myrtillin

C21H21O12+ (465.1033)

N-Desmethyltamoxifen

C25H27NO (357.2093)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent