compound K (BioDeep_00000000581)

Main id: BioDeep_00000000011

 

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s)-2-[(3s,5r,8r,9r,10r,12r,13r,14r,17s)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

化学式: C36H62O8 (622.4444452)
中文名称: 人参皂苷 C-K, 人参皂苷CK
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C36H62O8/c1-20(2)10-9-14-36(8,44-31-30(42)29(41)28(40)23(19-37)43-31)21-11-16-35(7)27(21)22(38)18-25-33(5)15-13-26(39)32(3,4)24(33)12-17-34(25,35)6/h10,21-31,37-42H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,33-,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1

描述信息

Ginsenoside C-K is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane.
ginsenoside C-K is a natural product found in Panax ginseng and Fusarium sacchari with data available.
A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.
Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.
Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.

同义名列表

33 个代谢物同义名

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s)-2-[(3s,5r,8r,9r,10r,12r,13r,14r,17s)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S)-2-[(1S,3aR,3bR,5aR,7S,9aR,9bR,11R,11aR)-7,11-dihydroxy-3a,3b,6,6,9a-pentamethyl-hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, (3.BETA.,12.BETA.)-3,12-DIHYDROXYDAMMAR-24-EN-20-YL; (3.BETA.,12.BETA.)-3,12-DIHYDROXYDAMMAR-24-EN-20-YL .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; (3beta,12beta)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; (20S)-20-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)dammara-24-ene-3beta,12beta-diol; 20beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3beta,12beta-diol; (20S)-20-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)dammara-24-ene-3β,12β-diol; 20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3beta,12-diol; 20(S)-PROTOPANAXADIOL 20-O-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol; 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol; 20-O-beta-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol; Ginsenoside compound K; Ginsenoside K; Protopanaxadiol 20-O-glucoside; 3-O-Deglucosylginsenoside F2; Ginsenoside metabolite M1; ginsenoside compound K; (20S)-ginsenoside C-K; 20(S)-GINSENOSIDE CK; ginsenoside C-K; UNII-G8D4792Q7K; ginsenoside-C-K; ginsenoside CK; ginsenoside M1; Ginsenoside K; ginsenosideCK; compound M1-O; NT3 VAN SC6; GM1 saponin; compound K; G8D4792Q7K; Compound-K



数据库引用编号

10 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

5 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Jiaxin Chen, Zhuoshi Wang, Jinghao Fu, Yuesong Cai, Haoyi Cheng, Xinmu Cui, Manqing Sun, Mingyue Liu, Xuewu Zhang. Ginsenoside compound K induces ferroptosis via the FOXO pathway in liver cancer cells. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2024 Apr; 24(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04471-9. [PMID: 38664638]
  • Subecha Rai, Laishram Shantikumar Singh, Ramanan Uma Shaanker, Kumaraswamy Jeyaram, Tithi Parija, Dinabandhu Sahoo. Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation. Scientific reports. 2024 04; 14(1):9318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56441-3. [PMID: 38654024]
  • Md Niaj Morshed, Md Rezaul Karim, Reshmi Akter, Safia Iqbal, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Jong Chan Ahn, Deok Chun Yang, Joong Hyun Song, Se Chan Kang, Dong Uk Yang. Potential of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Treating Osteoporosis and Obesity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2024 Mar; 30(?):e942899. doi: 10.12659/msm.942899. [PMID: 38509819]
  • Kang-Xi Zhang, Yue Zhu, Shu-Xia Song, Qing-Yun Bu, Xiao-Yan You, Hong Zou, Guo-Ping Zhao. Ginsenoside Rb1, Compound K and 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 Mar; 29(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules29051108. [PMID: 38474620]
  • Juho Lim, Hayeong Kim, Gha-Hyun J Kim, Taeyoon Kim, Choon Gil Kang, Seung Wook Kim, Doman Kim. Enzymatic upcycling of wild-simulated ginseng leaves for enhancing biological activities and compound K. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2024 Feb; 108(1):207. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13028-2. [PMID: 38353757]
  • Hoon Kim, Eun-Jin Jeong, Byungdoo Hwang, Hak-Dong Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Mi Jang, Kwangeun Yeo, Yunjeong Shin, Sanghoon Park, Wan Taek Lim, Woo Jung Kim, Sung-Kwon Moon. Pharmacological effects of biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich preparation (AceCK40) on the colitis symptoms in DSS-induced Caco-2 cells and C57BL mice. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024 Feb; 124(?):155301. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155301. [PMID: 38181531]
  • Hyun Ho Shin, Junyoung Park, Yeo-Jin Kim, Donghyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Jin, Ji Hyun Ryu. Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Janus Nanofibers Containing Compound K for Cartilage Regeneration. International journal of nanomedicine. 2024; 19(?):1683-1697. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s435156. [PMID: 38445226]
  • Wenfeng Shen, Paul A Dalby, Zheng Guo, Weina Li, Chenhui Zhu, Daidi Fan. Residue Effect-Guided Design: Engineering of S. Solfataricus β-Glycosidase to Enhance Its Thermostability and Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04575. [PMID: 37812684]
  • Chunyan Yue, Dandan Li, Shuxin Fan, Feng Tao, Yue Yu, Wenjing Lu, Qian Chen, Ahu Yuan, Jinhui Wu, Guoping Zhao, Hong Dong, Yiqiao Hu. Long-term and liver-selected ginsenoside C-K nanoparticles retard NAFLD progression by restoring lipid homeostasis. Biomaterials. 2023 Aug; 301(?):122291. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122291. [PMID: 37619263]
  • Chuanjing Cheng, Jinling Zhang, Kaixin Liu, Yanyan Xu, Fukui Shen, Yanqi Han, Yuanyuan Hou, Tiejun Zhang, Gang Bai. Ginsenoside CK targeting KEAP1-DGR/Kelch domain disrupts the binding between KEAP1 and NRF2-DLG motif to ameliorate oxidative stress damage. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 Jul; 119(?):154992. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154992. [PMID: 37499433]
  • Feng Li, Meng Meng Chen, Hui Min Zhang, Qing Ping Wu, Yun Bin Han. Production of ginsenoside compound K by microbial cell factory using synthetic biology-based strategy: a review. Biotechnology letters. 2023 Feb; 45(2):163-174. doi: 10.1007/s10529-022-03326-y. [PMID: 36550334]
  • Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Jin-Hyang Park, So Yeon Jeon, Minyeong Pang, Min-Koo Choi, Im-Sook Song. Concomitant Administration of Red Ginseng Extract with Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Plasma Concentration of Deglycosylated Ginsenosides in Healthy Human Subjects. Biomolecules. 2022 12; 12(12):. doi: 10.3390/biom12121896. [PMID: 36551324]
  • Qian Chen, Dongwen Ren, Luokun Liu, Jingge Xu, Yuzheng Wu, Haiyang Yu, Mengyang Liu, Yi Zhang, Tao Wang. Ginsenoside Compound K Ameliorates Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease through Inhibiting TLR4 Activation Induced by Microbially Produced Imidazole Propionate. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Oct; 23(21):. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112863. [PMID: 36361652]
  • Jingjing Zhang, Yangliu Tong, Xun Lu, Fangming Dong, Xiaoxuan Ma, Shiyu Yin, Ying He, Yonghong Liu, Qingchao Liu, Daidi Fan. A derivant of ginsenoside CK and its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. Life sciences. 2022 Sep; 304(?):120698. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120698. [PMID: 35690105]
  • Woo-Seok Song, Min-Ju Kim, Kyung-Chul Shin, Deok-Kun Oh. Increased Production of Ginsenoside Compound K by Optimizing the Feeding of American Ginseng Extract during Fermentation by Aspergillus tubingensis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2022 Jul; 32(7):902-910. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2203.03059. [PMID: 35719083]
  • Jie Xu, Jinxiang Dong, Hongyue Ding, Bei Wang, Yuqi Wang, Zhidong Qiu, Fan Yao. Ginsenoside compound K inhibits obesity-induced insulin resistance by regulation of macrophage recruitment and polarization via activating PPARγ. Food & function. 2022 Mar; 13(6):3561-3571. doi: 10.1039/d1fo04273d. [PMID: 35260867]
  • Jingjing Zhang, Xiaoxuan Ma, Daidi Fan. Ginsenoside CK ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation via activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Food & function. 2022 Feb; 13(3):1153-1167. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03026d. [PMID: 35018944]
  • Li Yang, Lingjie Zheng, Xiaonv Xie, Junjia Luo, Jing Yu, Lihua Zhang, Wenhui Meng, Yingen Zhou, Ling Chen, Dongsheng Ouyang, Honghao Zhou, Zhirong Tan. Targeting PLA2G16, a lipid metabolism gene, by Ginsenoside Compound K to suppress the malignant progression of colorectal cancer. Journal of advanced research. 2022 02; 36(?):265-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.009. [PMID: 35127176]
  • Mu Seong Ban, Yun Kim, Sunyoung Lee, ByongYeul Han, Kyung-Sang Yu, In-Jin Jang, Hong Keun Chung, SeungHwan Lee. Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Compound K From a Compound K Fermentation Product, CK-30, and From Red Ginseng Extract in Healthy Korean Subjects. Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2021 11; 10(11):1358-1364. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.949. [PMID: 33884767]
  • Su-Nyeong Jang, So-Young Park, Hyunyoung Lee, Hyojin Jeong, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Im-Sook Song, Mi Jeong Kwon, Kwang-Hyeon Liu. In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2021 Oct; 51(10):1087-1094. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1963503. [PMID: 34338601]
  • Chenfei Li, Yuan Liang, Yantong Sun, Wencheng Wang, Jie Zhang, Tiehua Zhang. Elucidation of interaction between serum albumin and ginsenoside CK along with cytotoxic study. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2021 Sep; 155(?):112403. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112403. [PMID: 34246707]
  • Suwei Tang, Lingli Yang, Yasutaka Kuroda, Sylvia Lai, Shaoqiong Xie, Huimin Zhang, Ichiro Katayama. Herb Sanqi-Derived Compound K Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Melanocytes and Improves Oxidative-Stress-Related Leukoderma in Guinea Pigs. Cells. 2021 08; 10(8):. doi: 10.3390/cells10082057. [PMID: 34440826]
  • Bei Wang, Jinxiang Dong, Jie Xu, Zhidong Qiu, Fan Yao. Ginsenoside CK inhibits obese insulin resistance by activating PPARγ to interfere with macrophage activation. Microbial pathogenesis. 2021 Aug; 157(?):105002. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105002. [PMID: 34051328]
  • Hyuk Gyu Han, Hyo-Jung Lee, Deok Yong Sim, Eunji Im, Ji Eon Park, Woon Yi Park, Seok Young Kim, Jae-Ho Khil, Bum Sang Shim, Sung-Hoon Kim. Suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase pathway. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021 Aug; 35(8):4547-4554. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7157. [PMID: 34132431]
  • In-Hee Baik, Kyung-Hee Kim, Kyung-Ae Lee. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Effects of Ginsenoside Compound K Enriched Extract Derived from Ginseng Sprouts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Jul; 26(13):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26134102. [PMID: 34279442]
  • Hao Wang, Fangfei Qu, Ting Xin, Wei Sun, Huimin He, Lijun Du. Ginsenoside Compound K Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Schwann Cells via the Activation of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Neurochemical research. 2021 Jun; 46(6):1400-1409. doi: 10.1007/s11064-021-03279-0. [PMID: 33738663]
  • Shuqiu Chen, Haihong Ye, Fanger Gong, Suming Mao, Cong Li, Bin Xu, Yu Ren, Rui Yu. Ginsenoside compound K exerts antitumour effects in renal cell carcinoma via regulation of ROS and lncRNA THOR. Oncology reports. 2021 04; 45(4):. doi: 10.3892/or.2021.7989. [PMID: 33649829]
  • Jee Youn Lee, Hae Young Choi, Chan Sol Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Tae Young Yune. Total saponin extract, ginsenoside Rb1, and compound K alleviate peripheral and central neuropathic pain through estrogen receptors on rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021 Apr; 35(4):2119-2132. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6960. [PMID: 33205558]
  • Wenxiu Qi, Xiuci Yan, Xiaohao Xu, Bailin Song, Liping Sun, Daqing Zhao, Liwei Sun. The effects of cytarabine combined with ginsenoside compound K synergistically induce DNA damage in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2020 Dec; 132(?):110812. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110812. [PMID: 33059263]
  • Liyan Zhao, Lei Wang, Liping Chang, Yunlong Hou, Cong Wei, Yiling Wu. Ginsenoside CK-loaded self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion with enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability. Pharmaceutical development and technology. 2020 Nov; 25(9):1127-1138. doi: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1800730. [PMID: 32729758]
  • Eun-Bi Jeong, Se-A Kim, Kyung-Chul Shin, Deok-Kun Oh. Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides in Korean Ginseng Extract into Food-Available Compound K by an Extracellular Enzyme from Aspergillus niger. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2020 Oct; 30(10):1560-1567. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2007.07003. [PMID: 32807754]
  • Dongdong Liu, Siming Jiao, Jinhua Wei, Xuebing Zhang, Yuxin Pei, Zhichao Pei, Jianjun Li, Yuguang Du. Investigation of absorption, metabolism and toxicity of ginsenosides compound K based on human organ chips. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2020 Sep; 587(?):119669. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119669. [PMID: 32702454]
  • Qingxia Huang, Tingting Lou, Manying Wang, Linyuan Xue, Jing Lu, He Zhang, Zepeng Zhang, Hui Wang, Chenxu Jing, Daqing Zhao, Liwei Sun, Xiangyan Li. Compound K inhibits autophagy-mediated apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion via regulating AMPK-mTOR pathway in neurons. Life sciences. 2020 Aug; 254(?):117793. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117793. [PMID: 32416164]
  • Chung-Yao Wu, Kuo-Feng Hua, Wan-Han Hsu, Yusuke Suzuki, Lichieh Julie Chu, Yu-Chieh Lee, Akiko Takahata, Sheau-Long Lee, Chia-Chao Wu, David J Nikolic-Paterson, Shuk-Man Ka, Ann Chen. IgA Nephropathy Benefits from Compound K Treatment by Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome and Enhancing Autophagy and SIRT1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2020 07; 205(1):202-212. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900284. [PMID: 32482710]
  • Chu-Wen Li, Min-Zhen Deng, Zhi-Jie Gao, Yuan-Ye Dang, Guo-Dong Zheng, Xiu-Juan Yang, Ying-Xin Chao, Ye-Feng Cai, Xiao-Li Wu. Effects of compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides, on memory and cognitive dysfunction in db/db mice involve the inhibition of ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Food & function. 2020 May; 11(5):4416-4427. doi: 10.1039/c9fo02602a. [PMID: 32374299]
  • Chunmei Li, Zhezhe Wang, Tong Wang, Guangfei Wang, Guisheng Li, Chengfeng Sun, Jian Lin, Liqin Sun, Xilin Sun, Susan Cho, Hongbo Wang, Yonglin Gao, Jingwei Tian. Repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study of ginsenoside compound K in Beagle dogs. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020 Feb; 248(?):112323. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112323. [PMID: 31639487]
  • Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Sowon Lee, Wonpyo Lee, Sojeong Jin, Mihwa Kwon, Chul Hwi Shin, Min-Koo Choi, Im-Sook Song. Herb-Drug Interaction of Red Ginseng Extract and Ginsenoside Rc with Valsartan in Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jan; 25(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030622. [PMID: 32023909]
  • Yuanyuan Yang, Xiaojian Liu, Shuang Li, Yanhao Chen, Yongxu Zhao, Yuda Wei, Yan Qiu, Yan Liu, Zhihua Zhou, Jun Han, Guohao Wu, Qiurong Ding. Genome-scale CRISPR screening for potential targets of ginsenoside compound K. Cell death & disease. 2020 01; 11(1):39. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2234-5. [PMID: 31959745]
  • Luping Zhou, Lulu Chen, Xiangchang Zeng, Jianwei Liao, Dongsheng Ouyang. Ginsenoside compound K alleviates sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via antioxidant effect, regulation of peroxisome pathway and iron homeostasis. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2020 01; 386(?):114829. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114829. [PMID: 31734319]
  • Wan-Han Hsu, Kuo-Feng Hua, Li-Heng Tuan, Yu-Ling Tsai, Lichieh Julie Chu, Yu-Chieh Lee, Wei-Ting Wong, Sheau-Long Lee, Jenn-Haung Lai, Ching-Liang Chu, Ling-Jun Ho, Hsiao-Wen Chiu, Yu-Juei Hsu, Cheng-Hsu Chen, Shuk-Man Ka, Ann Chen. Compound K inhibits priming and mitochondria-associated activating signals of NLRP3 inflammasome in renal tubulointerstitial lesions. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2020 01; 35(1):74-85. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz073. [PMID: 31065699]
  • Stefan Bidula, Kshitija Dhuna, Ray Helliwell, Leanne Stokes. Positive allosteric modulation of P2X7 promotes apoptotic cell death over lytic cell death responses in macrophages. Cell death & disease. 2019 11; 10(12):882. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-2110-3. [PMID: 31767863]
  • Qifang Liu, Lidan Liu, Hongmei Liu, Jingjing Jiang, Shanbin Guo, Cong Wang, Yi Jia, Yue Tian. Compound K attenuated hepatectomy-induced post-operative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice via LXRα activation. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2019 Nov; 119(?):109400. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109400. [PMID: 31514067]
  • Tiantian Xie, Zhigang Li, Bo Li, Rongrong Sun, Peiying Zhang, Junxiu Lv. Characterization of ginsenoside compound K metabolites in rat urine and feces by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2019 Nov; 33(11):e4643. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4643. [PMID: 31271658]
  • Yonglin Gao, Tong Wang, Guangfei Wang, Guisheng Li, Chengfeng Sun, Zhumao Jiang, Jianrong Yang, Yanshen Li, Yanli You, Xuran Wu, Liqin Sun, Hongbo Wang, Chunmei Li, Jingwei Tian, Jing Zhu, Kezhou Wang, Susan Cho. Preclinical safety of ginsenoside compound K: Acute, and 26-week oral toxicity studies in mice and rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2019 Sep; 131(?):110578. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110578. [PMID: 31201900]
  • Chang-Hao Cui, Byeong-Min Jeon, Yaoyao Fu, Wan-Taek Im, Sun-Chang Kim. High-density immobilization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase for enhanced food-grade production of minor ginsenosides. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2019 Sep; 103(17):7003-7015. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09951-4. [PMID: 31289903]
  • Mei Zhang, Shanshan Hu, Juan Tao, Weijie Zhou, Rui Wang, Yu Tai, Feng Xiao, Qingtong Wang, Wei Wei. Ginsenoside compound-K inhibits the activity of B cells through inducing IgD-B cell receptor endocytosis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 2019 Aug; 27(4):845-856. doi: 10.1007/s10787-019-00608-2. [PMID: 31165333]
  • Erica Bessell, Nicholas R Fuller, Tania P Markovic, Jessica Burk, Tegan Picone, Chelsea Hendy, Michelle M C Tan, Ian D Caterson. Effects of alpha-cyclodextrin on cholesterol control and Compound K on glycaemic control in people with pre-diabetes: Protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial. Clinical obesity. 2019 Aug; 9(4):e12324. doi: 10.1111/cob.12324. [PMID: 31172667]
  • Yi Zheng, Zhizhong Zheng, Yanlin Ming, Yazhu Bai, Lianghua Chen, Wen Huang, Mengshi Lin, Shaosong Liu, Jianbo Xiao, Hetong Lin. Compound K producing from the enzymatic conversion of gypenoside by naringinase. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2019 Aug; 130(?):253-261. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.027. [PMID: 31103740]
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