Azelaic Acid (BioDeep_00000400099)

Main id: BioDeep_00000000146

 

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 BioNovoGene_Lab2019


代谢物信息卡片


Azelaic Acid

化学式: C9H16O4 (188.1049)
中文名称: 壬二酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 30.7%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(CCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)

描述信息

D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
D003879 - Dermatologic Agents
Annotation level-2
Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].
Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

Azelaic Acid; Nonanedioic acid; Azelaic acid; Azelaic acid



数据库引用编号

60 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

123 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 9 ALB, BCL2, CAT, ISG20, PPARG, TLR2, TXN, TYR, XDH
Peripheral membrane protein 1 HSD17B6
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 BCL2, CD4, HSP90B1
Nucleus 7 ALB, BCL2, HSP90B1, ISG20, PPARG, PPARGC1A, TXN
cytosol 10 ALB, BCL2, CAT, HSP90B1, KLK5, LIPE, PPARG, PPARGC1A, TXN, XDH
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 4 ISG20, PPARG, PPARGC1A, TXN
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 PPARG
Cell membrane 4 ADRB3, CD4, LIPE, TNF
Early endosome membrane 1 HSD17B6
Multi-pass membrane protein 1 ADRB3
cell surface 2 TLR2, TNF
Golgi apparatus 2 ALB, TLR2
Golgi membrane 1 INS
neuronal cell body 1 TNF
smooth endoplasmic reticulum 1 HSP90B1
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 LIPE
Lysosome 1 TYR
plasma membrane 5 ADRB3, CD4, GCG, TLR2, TNF
Membrane 5 BCL2, CAT, HSP90B1, LIPE, TLR2
caveola 1 LIPE
extracellular exosome 4 ALB, CAT, HSP90B1, TXN
Lumenal side 1 HSD17B6
endoplasmic reticulum 4 ALB, BCL2, HSD17B6, HSP90B1
extracellular space 7 ALB, GCG, IL6, INS, KLK5, TNF, XDH
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 3 HSP90B1, PPARG, TYR
mitochondrion 2 BCL2, CAT
protein-containing complex 4 ALB, BCL2, CAT, HSP90B1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 4 CAT, HSD17B6, PPARG, TYR
Microsome membrane 1 HSD17B6
Single-pass type I membrane protein 3 CD4, TLR2, TYR
Secreted 6 ALB, GCG, IL6, INS, KLK5, TXN
extracellular region 9 ALB, CAT, GCG, HSP90B1, IL6, INS, KLK5, TNF, TXN
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 BCL2
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 1 BCL2
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
anchoring junction 1 ALB
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
external side of plasma membrane 2 CD4, TNF
nucleolus 1 ISG20
Melanosome membrane 1 TYR
midbody 1 HSP90B1
Cytoplasm, P-body 1 ISG20
P-body 1 ISG20
Early endosome 1 CD4
Golgi-associated vesicle 1 TYR
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Membrane raft 3 CD4, TLR2, TNF
pore complex 1 BCL2
focal adhesion 2 CAT, HSP90B1
Peroxisome 2 CAT, XDH
sarcoplasmic reticulum 1 XDH
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
Nucleus, PML body 1 PPARGC1A
PML body 2 ISG20, PPARGC1A
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 HSP90B1
secretory granule 1 KLK5
receptor complex 3 ADRB3, PPARG, TLR2
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
chromatin 2 PPARG, PPARGC1A
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane 1 TLR2
cell projection 1 TLR2
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
phagocytic vesicle membrane 1 TLR2
centriole 1 ALB
Nucleus, nucleolus 1 ISG20
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
endosome lumen 1 INS
Lipid droplet 1 LIPE
Membrane, caveola 1 LIPE
Melanosome 2 HSP90B1, TYR
cell body 1 TLR2
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
sperm plasma membrane 1 HSP90B1
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule lumen 3 CAT, GCG, INS
secretory granule membrane 1 TLR2
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 6 ALB, CD4, GCG, HSP90B1, IL6, INS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 CD4
Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 HSP90B1
Cajal body 1 ISG20
[Isoform 1]: Nucleus 1 PPARGC1A
Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex 1 TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex 1 TLR2
Nucleus, Cajal body 1 ISG20
endocytic vesicle lumen 1 HSP90B1
[Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted 1 GCG
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
T cell receptor complex 1 CD4
catalase complex 1 CAT
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex 1 HSP90B1
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
epidermal lamellar body 1 KLK5
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Isoform B4]: Nucleus 1 PPARGC1A
[Isoform B4-8a]: Cytoplasm 1 PPARGC1A
[Isoform B5]: Nucleus 1 PPARGC1A
[Isoform 9]: Nucleus 1 PPARGC1A


文献列表

  • Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez, Fabrizio Araniti, Marta Teijeira, Manuel J Reigosa, Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras. Azelaic acid can efficiently compete for the auxin binding site TIR1, altering auxin polar transport, gravitropic response, and root growth and architecture in Arabidopsisthaliana roots. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2024 May; 210(?):108592. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108592. [PMID: 38569422]
  • Ahmed A Shibl, Michael A Ochsenkühn, Amin R Mohamed, Ashley Isaac, Lisa S Y Coe, Yejie Yun, Grzegorz Skrzypek, Jean-Baptiste Raina, Justin R Seymour, Ahmed J Afzal, Shady A Amin. Molecular mechanisms of microbiome modulation by the eukaryotic secondary metabolite azelaic acid. eLife. 2024 Jan; 12(?):. doi: 10.7554/elife.88525. [PMID: 38189382]
  • Agata Markiewicz-Tomczyk, Elżbieta Budzisz, Anna Erkiert-Polguj. Clinical evaluation of anti-aging effects of combined therapy-Azelaic acid, phytic acid, and vitamin C applied layer by layer in females with Fitzpatrick skin types II and III. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022 Dec; 21(12):6830-6839. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15359. [PMID: 36056802]
  • Attila L Ádám, György Kátay, András Künstler, Lóránt Király. Detection of Lipid Peroxidation-Derived Free Azelaic Acid, a Biotic Stress Marker and Other Dicarboxylic Acids in Tobacco by Reversed-Phase HPLC-MS Under Non-derivatized Conditions. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2022; 2526(?):191-200. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_14. [PMID: 35657521]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Hang Gao, Miaojie Guo, Jianbo Song, Yeye Ma, Ziqin Xu. Signals in systemic acquired resistance of plants against microbial pathogens. Molecular biology reports. 2021 Apr; 48(4):3747-3759. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06344-7. [PMID: 33893927]
  • Supriya Kumari Singh, Saumya Chaubey, Anil Bansal, Gurpreet Kaur, Deepinder Singh Malik. Cosmeceutical Aptitudes of Azelaic Acid. Current drug research reviews. 2021; 13(3):222-229. doi: 10.2174/2589977513666210526122909. [PMID: 34042044]
  • Chunyan Wu, Mi-Young Jeong, Jung Yeon Kim, Giljae Lee, Ji-Sun Kim, Yu Eun Cheong, Hyena Kang, Chung Hwan Cho, Jimin Kim, Min Kyung Park, You Kyoung Shin, Kyoung Heon Kim, Geun Hee Seol, Seung Hoi Koo, GwangPyo Ko, Sung-Joon Lee. Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 induces GLP-1 secretion and regulates gut inflammation. Gut microbes. 2021 Jan; 13(1):1987782. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987782. [PMID: 34674602]
  • Juan Bai, Renalison Farias-Pereira, Miran Jang, Yuan Zhang, Sang Mi Lee, Young-Suk Kim, Yeonhwa Park, Jun Bae Ahn, Gun-Hee Kim, Kee-Hong Kim. Azelaic Acid Promotes Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity at Low Temperature Via an Increase in Fatty Acid Desaturation. Pharmaceutical research. 2021 Jan; 38(1):15-26. doi: 10.1007/s11095-020-02975-w. [PMID: 33449249]
  • Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer, Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan, Zoltán Cziáky, József Jekő, Gokhan Zengin, Rajesh Jeewon, Hassan H Abdallah, Kannan R R Rengasamy, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. Assessment of the Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam Using in Vitro Studies, in Silico Docking, and Multivariate Analysis. Biomolecules. 2020 05; 10(5):. doi: 10.3390/biom10050731. [PMID: 32392806]
  • Robert T Streeper, Christopher Louden, Elzbieta Izbicka. Oral Azelaic Acid Ester Decreases Markers of Insulin Resistance in Overweight Human Male Subjects. In vivo (Athens, Greece). 2020 May; 34(3):1173-1186. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11890. [PMID: 32354907]
  • Gabriele Micheletti, Natalia Calonghi, Giovanna Farruggia, Elena Strocchi, Vincenzo Palmacci, Dario Telese, Silvia Bordoni, Giulia Frisco, Carla Boga. Synthesis of Novel Structural Hybrids between Aza-Heterocycles and Azelaic Acid Moiety with a Specific Activity on Osteosarcoma Cells. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jan; 25(2):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25020404. [PMID: 31963693]
  • Cristina Bez, Sree Gowrinadh Javvadi, Iris Bertani, Giulia Devescovi, Corrado Guarnaccia, David J Studholme, Alexander M Geller, Asaf Levy, Vittorio Venturi. AzeR, a transcriptional regulator that responds to azelaic acid in Pseudomonas nitroreducens. Microbiology (Reading, England). 2020 01; 166(1):73-84. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000865. [PMID: 31621557]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Eduardo J S Brás, Ana Margarida Fortes, Virginia Chu, Pedro Fernandes, João Pedro Conde. Microfluidic device for the point of need detection of a pathogen infection biomarker in grapes. The Analyst. 2019 Aug; 144(16):4871-4879. doi: 10.1039/c9an01002e. [PMID: 31298663]
  • Michael Maes, Buranee Kanchanatawan, Sunee Sirivichayakul, André F Carvalho. In Schizophrenia, Increased Plasma IgM/IgA Responses to Gut Commensal Bacteria Are Associated with Negative Symptoms, Neurocognitive Impairments, and the Deficit Phenotype. Neurotoxicity research. 2019 Apr; 35(3):684-698. doi: 10.1007/s12640-018-9987-y. [PMID: 30552634]
  • Francesca Nicolì, Carmine Negro, Eliana Nutricati, Marzia Vergine, Alessio Aprile, Erika Sabella, Gina Damiano, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi. Accumulation of Azelaic Acid in Xylella fastidiosa-Infected Olive Trees: A Mobile Metabolite for Health Screening. Phytopathology. 2019 Feb; 109(2):318-325. doi: 10.1094/phyto-07-18-0236-fi. [PMID: 30566025]
  • Nicolás M Cecchini, Suruchi Roychoudhry, DeQuantarius J Speed, Kevin Steffes, Arjun Tambe, Kristin Zodrow, Katerina Konstantinoff, Ho Won Jung, Nancy L Engle, Timothy J Tschaplinski, Jean T Greenberg. Underground Azelaic Acid-Conferred Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI. 2019 01; 32(1):86-94. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0185-r. [PMID: 30156481]
  • Sree Gowrinadh Javvadi, Paola Cescutti, Roberto Rizzo, Valentina Lonzarich, Luciano Navarini, Danilo Licastro, Corrado Guarnaccia, Vittorio Venturi. The spent culture supernatant of Pseudomonas syringae contains azelaic acid. BMC microbiology. 2018 11; 18(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s12866-018-1352-z. [PMID: 30486794]
  • Jian-Jun Chen, Shun-Jie Bai, Wen-Wen Li, Chan-Juan Zhou, Peng Zheng, Liang Fang, Hai-Yang Wang, Yi-Yun Liu, Peng Xie. Urinary biomarker panel for diagnosing patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Translational psychiatry. 2018 09; 8(1):192. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0245-0. [PMID: 30232320]
  • Claire Villette, Julie Zumsteg, Hubert Schaller, Dimitri Heintz. Non-targeted metabolic profiling of BW312 Hordeum vulgare semi dwarf mutant using UHPLC coupled to QTOF high resolution mass spectrometry. Scientific reports. 2018 09; 8(1):13178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31593-1. [PMID: 30181601]
  • A M Egorova, I A Tarchevsky. Azelaic Acid-Induced Enzymes of Phenolic Defense in Pea Roots. Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics. 2018 Sep; 482(1):252-254. doi: 10.1134/s160767291805006x. [PMID: 30397886]
  • Aladdin Riad, Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Pragney Deme, Sampath Parthasarathy. A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2018 08; 29(5):471-483. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7362. [PMID: 29237273]
  • Nadia Bouain, Santosh B Satbhai, Arthur Korte, Chorpet Saenchai, Guilhem Desbrosses, Pierre Berthomieu, Wolfgang Busch, Hatem Rouached. Natural allelic variation of the AZI1 gene controls root growth under zinc-limiting condition. PLoS genetics. 2018 04; 14(4):e1007304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007304. [PMID: 29608565]
  • Eun-Ji Seo, Young Joo Yeon, Joo-Hyun Seo, Jung-Hoo Lee, Jhoanne P Boñgol, Yuri Oh, Jong Moon Park, Sang-Min Lim, Choul-Gyun Lee, Jin-Byung Park. Enzyme/whole-cell biotransformation of plant oils, yeast derived oils, and microalgae fatty acid methyl esters into n-nonanoic acid, 9-hydroxynonanoic acid, and 1,9-nonanedioic acid. Bioresource technology. 2018 Mar; 251(?):288-294. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.036. [PMID: 29288957]
  • Arnaud T Djami-Tchatchou, Efficient N Ncube, Paul A Steenkamp, Ian A Dubery. Similar, but different: structurally related azelaic acid and hexanoic acid trigger differential metabolomic and transcriptomic responses in tobacco cells. BMC plant biology. 2017 Nov; 17(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1157-5. [PMID: 29187153]
  • Takaomi Yaguchi, Tomohisa Kinami, Tetsuya Ishida, Takaomi Yasuhara, Kosaku Takahashi, Hideyuki Matsuura. Induction of plant disease resistance upon treatment with yeast cell wall extract. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2017 Nov; 81(11):2071-2078. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1379351. [PMID: 28950768]
  • B Cribier. [Rosacea: New data for better care]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie. 2017 Aug; 144(8-9):508-517. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.06.010. [PMID: 28728857]
  • Keith McIntosh, David E Reed, Theresa Schneider, Frances Dang, Ammar H Keshteli, Giada De Palma, Karen Madsen, Premysl Bercik, Stephen Vanner. FODMAPs alter symptoms and the metabolome of patients with IBS: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2017 07; 66(7):1241-1251. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311339. [PMID: 26976734]
  • Archana Singh, Gah-Hyun Lim, Pradeep Kachroo. Transport of chemical signals in systemic acquired resistance. Journal of integrative plant biology. 2017 May; 59(5):336-344. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12537. [PMID: 28304135]
  • Qi-Rui Bi, Jin-Jun Hou, Min Yang, Yao Shen, Peng Qi, Rui-Hong Feng, Zhuo Dai, Bing-Peng Yan, Jian-Wei Wang, Xiao-Jian Shi, Wan-Ying Wu, De-An Guo. A Strategy Combining Higher Energy C-Trap Dissociation with Neutral Loss- and Product Ion-Based MSn Acquisition for Global Profiling and Structure Annotation of Fatty Acids Conjugates. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2017 03; 28(3):443-451. doi: 10.1007/s13361-016-1558-y. [PMID: 27924497]
  • M I Mhlongo, F Tugizimana, L A Piater, P A Steenkamp, N E Madala, I A Dubery. Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes in azelaic acid- and salicylic acid derivatives in LPS-treated Nicotiana tabacum cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2017 Jan; 482(4):1498-1503. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.063. [PMID: 27956183]
  • Gah-Hyun Lim, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. Role of plasmodesmata and plasmodesmata localizing proteins in systemic immunity. Plant signaling & behavior. 2016 09; 11(9):e1219829. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1219829. [PMID: 27645210]
  • N A Ushakova, E S Brodskii, A A Kovalenko, A I Bastrakov, A A Kozlova, D S Pavlov. Characteristics of lipid fractions of larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics. 2016 May; 468(1):209-12. doi: 10.1134/s1607672916030145. [PMID: 27417723]
  • Gah-Hyun Lim, M B Shine, Laura de Lorenzo, Keshun Yu, Weier Cui, Duroy Navarre, Arthur G Hunt, Jung-Youn Lee, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. Plasmodesmata Localizing Proteins Regulate Transport and Signaling during Systemic Acquired Immunity in Plants. Cell host & microbe. 2016 Apr; 19(4):541-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.03.006. [PMID: 27078071]
  • Wei Zhang, Xin-An Zhang. A Novel Urinary Metabolite Signature for Non-invasive Post-stroke Depression Diagnosis. Cell biochemistry and biophysics. 2015 Jul; 72(3):661-7. doi: 10.1007/s12013-014-0472-9. [PMID: 27352185]
  • Shanmugam Muthulakshmi, Alok K Chakrabarti, Sanjay Mukherjee. Gene expression profile of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice: in search of potential role of azelaic acid. Journal of physiology and biochemistry. 2015 Mar; 71(1):29-42. doi: 10.1007/s13105-014-0376-6. [PMID: 25575741]
  • John W Gordy, B Rogers Leonard, David Blouin, Jeffrey A Davis, Michael J Stout. Comparative Effectiveness of Potential Elicitors of Plant Resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Four Crop Plants. PloS one. 2015; 10(9):e0136689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136689. [PMID: 26332833]
  • Finni Wittek, Thomas Hoffmann, Basem Kanawati, Marlies Bichlmeier, Claudia Knappe, Marion Wenig, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Jane E Parker, Wilfried Schwab, A Corina Vlot. Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 promotes systemic acquired resistance via azelaic acid and its precursor 9-oxo nonanoic acid. Journal of experimental botany. 2014 Nov; 65(20):5919-31. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru331. [PMID: 25114016]
  • Caixia Wang, Mohamed El-Shetehy, M B Shine, Keshun Yu, Duroy Navarre, David Wendehenne, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. Free radicals mediate systemic acquired resistance. Cell reports. 2014 Apr; 7(2):348-355. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.032. [PMID: 24726369]
  • Qing-Ming Gao, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. Chemical inducers of systemic immunity in plants. Journal of experimental botany. 2014 Apr; 65(7):1849-55. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru010. [PMID: 24591049]
  • M Gołębiowski, M Cerkowniak, A Urbanek, M Dawgul, W Kamysz, M I Boguś, D Sosnowska, P Stepnowski. Antimicrobial activity of untypical lipid compounds in the cuticular and internal lipids of four fly species. Journal of applied microbiology. 2014 Feb; 116(2):269-87. doi: 10.1111/jam.12370. [PMID: 24238211]
  • Peng Zheng, Jian-jun Chen, Ting Huang, Ming-ju Wang, Ying Wang, Mei-xue Dong, Yuan-jun Huang, Lin-ke Zhou, Peng Xie. A novel urinary metabolite signature for diagnosing major depressive disorder. Journal of proteome research. 2013 Dec; 12(12):5904-11. doi: 10.1021/pr400939q. [PMID: 24224655]
  • Michael Maes, Marta Kubera, Ivana Mihaylova, Michel Geffard, Piotr Galecki, Jean-Clude Leunis, Michael Berk. Increased autoimmune responses against auto-epitopes modified by oxidative and nitrosative damage in depression: implications for the pathways to chronic depression and neuroprogression. Journal of affective disorders. 2013 Jul; 149(1-3):23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.039. [PMID: 22898471]
  • Shanmugam Muthulakshmi, Ramalingam Saravanan. Efficacy of azelaic acid on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet induced type 2 diabetic mice. Biochimie. 2013 Jun; 95(6):1239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.018. [PMID: 23402910]
  • Shanmugam Muthulakshmi, Ramalingam Saravanan. Protective effects of azelaic acid against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in liver, kidney and heart of C57BL/6J mice. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2013 May; 377(1-2):23-33. doi: 10.1007/s11010-013-1566-1. [PMID: 23361364]
  • Keshun Yu, Juliana Moreira Soares, Mihir Kumar Mandal, Caixia Wang, Bidisha Chanda, Andrew N Gifford, Joanna S Fowler, Duroy Navarre, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. A feedback regulatory loop between G3P and lipid transfer proteins DIR1 and AZI1 mediates azelaic-acid-induced systemic immunity. Cell reports. 2013 Apr; 3(4):1266-78. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.030. [PMID: 23602565]
  • Merve Aytekin, R Neslihan Gursoy, Semra Ide, Elif H Soylu, Sueda Hekimoglu. Formulation and characterization of liquid crystal systems containing azelaic acid for topical delivery. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2013 Feb; 39(2):228-39. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2012.671829. [PMID: 22480294]
  • Stefania Briganti, Enrica Flori, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Daniela Kovacs, Emanuela Camera, Matteo Ludovici, Giorgia Cardinali, Mauro Picardo. Azelaic acid reduced senescence-like phenotype in photo-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts: possible implication of PPARγ. Experimental dermatology. 2013 Jan; 22(1):41-7. doi: 10.1111/exd.12066. [PMID: 23278893]
  • Witigo von Schönfels, Oliver von Kampen, Eleonora Patsenker, Felix Stickel, Bodo Schniewind, Sebastian Hinz, Markus Ahrens, Katharina Balschun, Jan-Hendrik Egberts, Klaus Richter, Andreas Landrock, Bence Sipos, Olga Will, Patrizia Huebbe, Stefan Schreiber, Michael Nothnagel, Christoph Röcken, Gerald Rimbach, Thomas Becker, Jochen Hampe, Clemens Schafmayer. Metabolic signature of electrosurgical liver dissection. PloS one. 2013; 8(9):e72022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072022. [PMID: 24058442]
  • Tsutomu Matsubara, Naoki Tanaka, Kristopher W Krausz, Soumen K Manna, Dong Wook Kang, Erik R Anderson, Hans Luecke, Andrew D Patterson, Yatrik M Shah, Frank J Gonzalez. Metabolomics identifies an inflammatory cascade involved in dioxin- and diet-induced steatohepatitis. Cell metabolism. 2012 Nov; 16(5):634-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.10.006. [PMID: 23140643]
  • Maria Zoeller, Nadja Stingl, Markus Krischke, Agnes Fekete, Frank Waller, Susanne Berger, Martin J Mueller. Lipid profiling of the Arabidopsis hypersensitive response reveals specific lipid peroxidation and fragmentation processes: biogenesis of pimelic and azelaic acid. Plant physiology. 2012 Sep; 160(1):365-78. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.202846. [PMID: 22822212]
  • Ratnesh Chaturvedi, Barney Venables, Robby A Petros, Vamsi Nalam, Maoyin Li, Xuemin Wang, Larry J Takemoto, Jyoti Shah. An abietane diterpenoid is a potent activator of systemic acquired resistance. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2012 Jul; 71(1):161-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04981.x. [PMID: 22385469]
  • Hong Wei Wang, Sun-Goo Hwang, Thirupathi Karuppanapandian, Aihua Liu, Wook Kim, Cheol Seong Jang. Insight into the molecular evolution of non-specific lipid transfer proteins via comparative analysis between rice and sorghum. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes. 2012 Apr; 19(2):179-94. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dss003. [PMID: 22368182]
  • Shangshang Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Shuning Zheng, Minyan Jiang, Changying Xin, Xiumei Lu, Famei Li, Zhili Xiong. [Metabonomic study on protective effect of ethanol extracts of drynariae rhizoma on osteoporosis in rats urine by using UPLC-MS/MS]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2012 Mar; 37(5):658-62. doi: NULL. [PMID: 22693913]
  • Katarzyna Lorenc-Kukula, Ratnesh Chaturvedi, Mary Roth, Ruth Welti, Jyoti Shah. Biochemical and Molecular-Genetic Characterization of SFD1's Involvement in Lipid Metabolism and Defense Signaling. Frontiers in plant science. 2012; 3(?):26. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00026. [PMID: 22645576]
  • E Rozema, A G Atanasov, N Fakhrudin, J Singhuber, U Namduang, E H Heiss, G Reznicek, C W Huck, G K Bonn, V M Dirsch, B Kopp. Selected Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicines: Their Effect on NF-κB, PPARα and PPARγ and the Respective Bioactive Compounds. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2012; 2012(?):983023. doi: 10.1155/2012/983023. [PMID: 22675394]
  • Huihui Zhao, Jianxin Chen, Qi Shi, Xueling Ma, Yi Yang, Liangtao Luo, Shuzhen Guo, Yong Wang, Jing Han, Wei Wang. Metabolomics-based study of clinical and animal plasma samples in coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2012; 2012(?):638723. doi: 10.1155/2012/638723. [PMID: 22675387]
  • Luis M B B Estronca, Joao C P Silva, Julio L Sampaio, Andrej Shevchenko, Paul Verkade, Alfin D N Vaz, Winchil L C Vaz, Otilia V Vieira. Molecular etiology of atherogenesis--in vitro induction of lipidosis in macrophages with a new LDL model. PloS one. 2012; 7(4):e34822. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034822. [PMID: 22514671]
  • Alicia Ferrari, Christian Diehl. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of a topical gel with 4\% quassia extract in the treatment of rosacea. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Jan; 52(1):84-8. doi: 10.1177/0091270010391533. [PMID: 21343346]
  • Sergey A Staroverov, Vladimir A Sidorkin, Alexander S Fomin, Sergey Yu Shchyogolev, Lev A Dykman. Biodynamic parameters of micellar diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and blood plasma. Journal of veterinary science. 2011 Dec; 12(4):303-7. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.303. [PMID: 22122895]
  • Changgeng Liu, Jie Gan, Yang Zhang, Miao Liang, Xi Shu, Jinian Shu, Bo Yang. Heterogeneous reaction of suspended phosmet particles with NO3 radicals. The journal of physical chemistry. A. 2011 Oct; 115(39):10744-8. doi: 10.1021/jp205175p. [PMID: 21870875]
  • Vaneeta M Sheth, Amit G Pandya. Melasma: a comprehensive update: part II. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2011 Oct; 65(4):699-714. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.001. [PMID: 21920242]
  • Marc J Champigny, Heather Shearer, Asif Mohammad, Karen Haines, Melody Neumann, Roger Thilmony, Sheng Yang He, Pierre Fobert, Nancy Dengler, Robin K Cameron. Localization of DIR1 at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels during Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis using DIR1:GUS and DIR1:EGFP reporters. BMC plant biology. 2011 Sep; 11(?):125. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-125. [PMID: 21896186]
  • Jason Emer, Heidi Waldorf, Diane Berson. Botanicals and anti-inflammatories: natural ingredients for rosacea. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery. 2011 Sep; 30(3):148-55. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.05.007. [PMID: 21925368]
  • Zhi-Yan Xu, Xin Zhang, Michael Schläppi, Zi-Qin Xu. Cold-inducible expression of AZI1 and its function in improvement of freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of plant physiology. 2011 Sep; 168(13):1576-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.023. [PMID: 21492954]
  • Lianzhen Yu, Jiye Aa, Jin Xu, Min Sun, Sixuan Qian, Liping Cheng, Shuping Yang, Ruihua Shi. Metabolomic phenotype of gastric cancer and precancerous stages based on gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2011 Aug; 26(8):1290-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06724.x. [PMID: 21443661]
  • Ronald G Wheeland, Sunil Dhawan. Evaluation of self-treatment of mild-to-moderate facial acne with a blue light treatment system. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD. 2011 Jun; 10(6):596-602. doi: . [PMID: 21637900]
  • Hongling Wang, Hao Chen, Chang'an Geng, Xuemei Zhang, Yunbao Ma, Zhiyong Jiang, Jijun Chen. [Chemical constituents of Halenia elliptica]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2011 Jun; 36(11):1454-7. doi: . [PMID: 22779176]
  • Tatjana Abaffy, Anthony R Defazio. The location of olfactory receptors within olfactory epithelium is independent of odorant volatility and solubility. BMC research notes. 2011 May; 4(?):137. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-137. [PMID: 21548958]
  • Lucia S Mukhtarova, Fakhima K Mukhitova, Yuri V Gogolev, Alexander N Grechkin. Hydroperoxide lyase cascade in pea seedlings: Non-volatile oxylipins and their age and stress dependent alterations. Phytochemistry. 2011 Apr; 72(4-5):356-64. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.013. [PMID: 21315390]
  • Maria Vinaixa, Miguel Angel Rodriguez, Sara Samino, Marta Díaz, Antoni Beltran, Roger Mallol, Cinta Bladé, Lourdes Ibañez, Xavier Correig, Oscar Yanes. Metabolomics reveals reduction of metabolic oxidation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after pioglitazone-flutamide-metformin polytherapy. PloS one. 2011; 6(12):e29052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029052. [PMID: 22194988]
  • G Fabbrocini, V De Vita, N Fardella, F Pastore, M C Annunziata, M C Mauriello, A Monfrecola, N Cameli. Skin needling to enhance depigmenting serum penetration in the treatment of melasma. Plastic surgery international. 2011; 2011(?):158241. doi: 10.1155/2011/158241. [PMID: 22567235]
  • Chizuru Sato, Norikuni Oka, Kensuke Nabeta, Hideyuki Matsuura. Cellulase applied to the leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) upregulates the production of salicylic and azelaic acids. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2011; 75(4):761-3. doi: 10.1271/bbb.100485. [PMID: 21512237]
  • Hui Sun, Alla Lapidus, Matt Nolan, Susan Lucas, Tijana Glavina Del Rio, Hope Tice, Jan-Fang Cheng, Roxane Tapia, Cliff Han, Lynne Goodwin, Sam Pitluck, Ioanna Pagani, Natalia Ivanova, Konstantinos Mavromatis, Natalia Mikhailova, Amrita Pati, Amy Chen, Krishna Palaniappan, Miriam Land, Loren Hauser, Yun-Juan Chang, Cynthia D Jeffries, Olivier Duplex Ngatchou Djao, Manfred Rohde, Johannes Sikorski, Markus Göker, Tanja Woyke, James Bristow, Jonathan A Eisen, Victor Markowitz, Philip Hugenholtz, Nikos C Kyrpides, Hans-Peter Klenk. Complete genome sequence of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei type strain (IMRU 509). Standards in genomic sciences. 2010 Nov; 3(3):325-36. doi: 10.4056/sigs.1363462. [PMID: 21304737]
  • Keun Chae, Benedict J Gonong, Seung-Chul Kim, Chris A Kieslich, Dimitrios Morikis, Shruthi Balasubramanian, Elizabeth M Lord. A multifaceted study of stigma/style cysteine-rich adhesin (SCA)-like Arabidopsis lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) suggests diversified roles for these LTPs in plant growth and reproduction. Journal of experimental botany. 2010 Oct; 61(15):4277-90. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq228. [PMID: 20667964]
  • Ye Xia, Keshun Yu, Duroy Navarre, Kenneth Seebold, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo. The glabra1 mutation affects cuticle formation and plant responses to microbes. Plant physiology. 2010 Oct; 154(2):833-46. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.161646. [PMID: 20699396]
  • Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Monica Ottaviani, Nicaela Aspite, Giorgia Cardinali, Enzo Izzo, Klaus Graupe, Christos C Zouboulis, Emanuela Camera, Mauro Picardo. Azelaic acid modulates the inflammatory response in normal human keratinocytes through PPARgamma activation. Experimental dermatology. 2010 Sep; 19(9):813-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01107.x. [PMID: 20545756]
  • Mahdi Garelnabi, Dmitry Litvinov, Sampath Parthasarathy. Evaluation of a gas chromatography method for azelaic acid determination in selected biological samples. North American journal of medical sciences. 2010 Sep; 2(9):397-402. doi: 10.4297/najms.2010.2397. [PMID: 22558586]
  • Sejir Chaouch, Guillaume Queval, Sandy Vanderauwera, Amna Mhamdi, Michaël Vandorpe, Mathilde Langlois-Meurinne, Frank Van Breusegem, Patrick Saindrenan, Graham Noctor. Peroxisomal hydrogen peroxide is coupled to biotic defense responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a daylength-related manner. Plant physiology. 2010 Aug; 153(4):1692-705. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.153957. [PMID: 20543092]
  • Poonam Verma, K Pathak. Therapeutic and cosmeceutical potential of ethosomes: An overview. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. 2010 Jul; 1(3):274-82. doi: 10.4103/0110-5558.72415. [PMID: 22247858]
  • Dmitry Litvinov, Krithika Selvarajan, Mahdi Garelnabi, Larissa Brophy, Sampath Parthasarathy. Anti-atherosclerotic actions of azelaic acid, an end product of linoleic acid peroxidation, in mice. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Apr; 209(2):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.076. [PMID: 19880116]
  • William M Truman, Mark H Bennett, Colin G N Turnbull, Murray R Grant. Arabidopsis auxin mutants are compromised in systemic acquired resistance and exhibit aberrant accumulation of various indolic compounds. Plant physiology. 2010 Mar; 152(3):1562-73. doi: 10.1104/pp.109.152173. [PMID: 20081042]
  • R S Gallagher, R Ananth, K Granger, B Bradley, J V Anderson, E P Fuerst. Phenolic and short-chained aliphatic organic acid constituents of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seeds. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2010 Jan; 58(1):218-25. doi: 10.1021/jf9038106. [PMID: 20017486]
  • Sverre Høyem, Skjalg Bruheim, Gunhild Maelandsmo, Marius Standal, Dag Erlend Olberg, Bjarne Brudeli, Anders Asberg, Jo Klaveness, Pål Rongved. Didanosine ester prodrugs: synthesis, albumin binding properties and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2009 Oct; 44(10):3874-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.04.008. [PMID: 19433342]
  • Yan-Hua Wu, Qi-Lin Li, Xiu-Wen Yang. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine combined with He-Ne laser on lipoperoxide and superoxide dismutase in chloasma patients. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan. 2009 Sep; 29(3):163-6. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60056-x. [PMID: 19894376]
  • Christian Lanz, Andrew D Patterson, Josef Slavík, Kristopher W Krausz, Monika Ledermann, Frank J Gonzalez, Jeffrey R Idle. Radiation metabolomics. 3. Biomarker discovery in the urine of gamma-irradiated rats using a simplified metabolomics protocol of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with random forests machine learning algorithm. Radiation research. 2009 Aug; 172(2):198-212. doi: 10.1667/rr1796.1. [PMID: 19630524]
  • Jyoti Shah. Plants under attack: systemic signals in defence. Current opinion in plant biology. 2009 Aug; 12(4):459-64. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.05.011. [PMID: 19608451]
  • Jane E Parker. The quest for long-distance signals in plant systemic immunity. Science signaling. 2009 May; 2(70):pe31. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.270pe31. [PMID: 19436056]
  • Ho Won Jung, Timothy J Tschaplinski, Lin Wang, Jane Glazebrook, Jean T Greenberg. Priming in systemic plant immunity. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2009 Apr; 324(5923):89-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1170025. [PMID: 19342588]
  • Michael Maes. The cytokine hypothesis of depression: inflammation, oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and leaky gut as new targets for adjunctive treatments in depression. Neuro endocrinology letters. 2008 Jun; 29(3):287-91. doi: . [PMID: 18580840]
  • Bing Bai, Ming-Jing Li, Yong Wang, Xiu-Hua Liu. [Studies on chemical constituents of Dioscorea opposita]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2008 Jun; 33(11):1272-4. doi: ". [PMID: 18831204]
  • Ying Xiong, Ke-Zhong Deng, Wen-Yuan Gao, Yuan-Qiang Guo. [Studies on chemical constituents of Ranunculus ternatus]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2008 Apr; 33(8):909-11. doi: ". [PMID: 18619350]
  • Seunghun Kang, Baoshan Xing. Adsorption of dicarboxylic acids by clay minerals as examined by in situ ATR-FTIR and ex situ DRIFT. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. 2007 Jun; 23(13):7024-31. doi: 10.1021/la700543f. [PMID: 17508766]
  • Yue Liu, Jing Liu, Shi-Shan Yu, Xiang-Zhong Huang, You-Cai Hu. [Studies on chemical constituents of Cynanchum forrestii]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2007 Mar; 32(6):500-3. doi: ". [PMID: 17552154]
  • Aditya K Gupta, Melissa D Gover, Keyvan Nouri, Susan Taylor. The treatment of melasma: a review of clinical trials. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2006 Dec; 55(6):1048-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.009. [PMID: 17097400]
  • Michael Maes, Ivana Mihaylova, Jean-Claude Leunis. Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins. Neuro endocrinology letters. 2006 Oct; 27(5):615-21. doi: NULL. [PMID: 17159817]
  • Jian-feng Zhang, You-bin Li, Cheng-lu Li, Jian-qin Jiang. [Studies on chemical constituents in root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2006 May; 31(10):814-6. doi: ". [PMID: 17048663]
  • Michael Devereux, Malachy McCann, Denis O'shea, Mark O'connor, Eileen Kiely, Vickie McKee, Declan Naughton, Anna Fisher, Andrew Kellett, Maureen Walsh, Denise Egan, Carol Deegan. Synthesis, Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic and Anticancer Activities of Metal Complexes of 2,2-Dimethylpentanedioic Acid(2dmepdaH(2)) and 3,3-Dimethylpentanedioic acid(3dmepdaH(2)): X-Ray Crystal Structures of [Cu(3dmepda)(bipy)](2). 6H(2)O and [Cu(2dmepda)(bipy)(EtOH)](2). 4EtOH (bipy = 2,2'Bipyridine). Bioinorganic chemistry and applications. 2006; ?(?):80283. doi: 10.1155/bca/2006/80283. [PMID: 17497019]