p-Synephrine (BioDeep_00000000195)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000275627

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


alpha-(4-Oxyphenyl)alpha-oxy-beta-methylaminoaethan [German]

化学式: C9H13NO2 (167.09462380000002)
中文名称: 辛弗林
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 17.21%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-07-09.

Cite this Page

p-Synephrine. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/p-synephrine (retrieved 2024-09-17) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000195). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: CNCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-10-6-9(12)7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,9-12H,6H2,1H3

描述信息

Synephrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an alpha-adrenergic agonist. It is a phenethylamine alkaloid, a member of phenols and a member of ethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a synephrinium.
Synephrine, also referred to as, p-synephrine, is naturally occurring alkaloid. It is present in approved drug products as neo-synephrine, its m-substituted analog. p-synephrine and m-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to norepinephrine. The similarity of naming between m-synephrine and the unsubstituted form, synephrine, is a source of some confusion however m-synephrine refers to a related drug more commonly known as phenylephrine. While the compounds share some chemical and pharmacological similarities, they are in fact distinct chemical entities.
Synephrine is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Ephedra sinica, and other organisms with data available.
Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma.
Synephrine (or oxedrine) is a drug commonly used for weight loss. While its effectiveness is widely debated, synephrine has gained significant popularity as an alternative to ephedrine, a related substance which has been made illegal or restricted in many countries due to its use as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions [citation needed]. Synephrine is derived primarily from the fruit of Citrus aurantium, a relatively small citrus tree, of which several of its more common names include Bitter Orange, Sour Orange, and Zhi shi.; There has been some confusion surrounding synephrine and phenylephrine (neosynephrine), one of its positional isomers. The chemicals are similar in structure; the only difference is the location of the aromatic hydroxyl group. In synephrine, the hydroxyl is at the para position, whereas, in neosynephrine, it is at the meta position. Each compound has differing biological properties.; p-Synephrine is an endogenous amine in plasma, in variable levels with a tendency to be higher in hypertensive patients (PMID 8255371).
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents
A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.
p-Synephrine is an endogenous amine in plasma, in variable levels with a tendency to be higher in hypertensive patients (PMID 8255371).

辛弗林(Synephrine),又称为辛弗林碱或对羟福林,是一种生物碱,化学结构与肾上腺素类似。它在中药中是一种重要的活性成分,尤其在某些温热性中药中含量较高,如麻黄(Ephedra sinica)。

在中医中,辛弗林具有发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿等功效,常用于治疗感冒、哮喘、风水浮肿等症状。此外,辛弗林作为一种强效的α-受体激动剂和较弱的β-受体激动剂,也具有一定的减肥和增强代谢的效果,因此在一些减肥补充剂中也有应用。
p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood.
p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood.
Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2].
Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2].
Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2].

同义名列表

110 个代谢物同义名

alpha-(4-Oxyphenyl)alpha-oxy-beta-methylaminoaethan [German]; Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-a-[(methylamino)methyl]-, (aR)-; BENZENEMETHANOL, 4-HYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-; .beta.-Methylamino-.alpha.-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol; Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]-; Benzyl alcohol, p-hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]-; Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)-; 4-Hydroxy-.alpha.-((methylamino)methyl)benzenemethanol; BENZYL ALCOHOL, p-HYDROXY-alpha-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-; beta-Methylamino-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol; p-Hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol; 4-hydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol; p-Hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]benzylalcohol; 4-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzenemethanol; alpha-(4-Oxyphenyl)alpha-oxy-beta-methylaminoaethan; p-Hydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol; p-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol; 4-Hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol; 4-Hydroxy-a-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol; 4-Hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol; [(Methylamino)methyl][(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol]; ((Methylamino)methyl)((4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol); (RS)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol; p-Hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol; p-Hydroxy-a-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol; b-Methylamino-a-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol; Β-methylamino-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol; 4-Hydroxy-a-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol; 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol #; 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(N-methylethanol)amine; 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol; 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(2-methylamino)ethanol; Methylaminomethyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol; 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol; 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)phenol; (+)-[(methylamino)methyl]-Benzenemethano; 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol; 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylethanolamine; 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol; ( inverted question mark)-Synephrine; p-Hydroxyphenyl(methylamino)ethanol; p-Hydroxyphenylmethylaminoethanol; Synephrine, analytical standard; p-((Methylamino)ethanol)phenol; p-[(Methylamino)ethanol]phenol; (.+/-.)-N-Methyloctopamine; p-Methylaminoethanolphenol; (+/-)-Synephrine, >=98\\%; OXEDRINE [USP IMPURITY]; (+-)-N-Methyloctopamine; Synephrine (Oxedrine); SYNEPHRINE [USP-RS]; Parakorper [German]; Oxedrine [INN:BAN]; (.+/-.)-Synephrine; Oxedrine, Sympatol; Pentedrin [German]; Prestwick2_001088; Prestwick1_001088; OXEDRINE [WHO-DD]; Prestwick3_001088; SYNEPHRINE [INCI]; Prestwick0_001088; (+,-)-Synephrine; Synefrin [Czech]; (+)-P-Synephrine; (+/-)-Synephrine; OXEDRINE [MART.]; D-(-)-Synephrine; SYNEPHRINE [MI]; UNII-PEG5DP7434; (?)-Synephrine; Oxedrine (BAN); (y)-Synephrine; rac-Synephrine; Synephrine,(S); (+)-Synephrine; WLN: QR DYQ1M1; Tox21_110390_1; (+/-)-OXEDRINE; Lopac0_001085; Sympaethamine; BPBio1_001250; DL-SYNEPHRINE; Tox21_200962; PDSP2_000166; PDSP1_000167; Parasympatol; Tox21_501085; Sympaethamin; Tox21_110390; p-Synephrine; CAS-94-07-5; -Synephrine; SYNEPHERINE; Synephrine; Parakorper; PEG5DP7434; Advantra z; Synthenate; p-Oxedrine; Sympathol; Analeptin; Synephrin; Ethaphene; Sympatol; Simpalon; Oxedrine; Simpatol; Synefrin



数据库引用编号

21 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

19 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Junying Bai, Xiang Tan, Sheng Tang, Xin Liu, Linzi Shao, Chen Wang, Linhua Huang. Citrus p-Synephrine Improves Energy Homeostasis by Regulating Amino Acid Metabolism in HFD-Induced Mice. Nutrients. 2024 Jan; 16(2):. doi: 10.3390/nu16020248. [PMID: 38257140]
  • Svetlana A Dodonova, Ekaterina M Zhidkova, Alexey A Kryukov, Timur T Valiev, Kirill I Kirsanov, Evgeny P Kulikov, Irina V Budunova, Marianna G Yakubovskaya, Ekaterina A Lesovaya. Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023 Dec; 24(24):. doi: 10.3390/ijms242417537. [PMID: 38139366]
  • Li-Yun Lin, Chiung Chi Peng, Yi-Ping Huang, Kuan-Chou Chen, Robert Y Peng. p-Synephrine Indicates Internal Maturity of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu-Reclaiming Functional Constituents from Nonedible Parts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 May; 28(10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104244. [PMID: 37241982]
  • Ya-Li Wang, Song-Xia Lin, Yuan Wang, Tao Liang, Tao Jiang, Peng Liu, Xiao-Yi Li, Deng-Qin Lang, Qiang Liu, Chun-Yan Shen. p-Synephrine ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via suppressing the NF-kappa B and MAPK pathways. Food & function. 2023 Feb; 14(4):1971-1988. doi: 10.1039/d2fo03003a. [PMID: 36723106]
  • Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Alejandro Muñoz, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete, María Posada-Ayala, Álvaro López-Samanes, Juan Del Coso, David Varillas-Delgado. Effect of p-Synephrine on Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise of Increasing Intensity in Healthy Active Women. Nutrients. 2022 Oct; 14(20):. doi: 10.3390/nu14204352. [PMID: 36297036]
  • Dorottya Koncz, Barbara Tóth, Muh Akbar Bahar, Orsolya Roza, Dezső Csupor. The Safety and Efficacy of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extracts and p-Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022 Sep; 14(19):. doi: 10.3390/nu14194019. [PMID: 36235672]
  • Dahae Lee, Ji Hwan Lee, Byoung Ha Kim, Sanghyun Lee, Dong-Wook Kim, Ki Sung Kang. Phytochemical Combination (p-Synephrine, p-Octopamine Hydrochloride, and Hispidulin) for Improving Obesity in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients. 2022 May; 14(10):. doi: 10.3390/nu14102164. [PMID: 35631305]
  • Momoko Ishida, Chihiro Takekuni, Kosuke Nishi, Takuya Sugahara. p-Synephrine suppresses inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and alleviates systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice. Food & function. 2022 May; 13(9):5229-5239. doi: 10.1039/d2fo00299j. [PMID: 35438708]
  • Kimberly Brewer, Jacob Joseph Machin, George Maylin, Clara Fenger, Abelardo Morales-Briceño, Martina M Neidhart, Thomas Tobin. Case report: Synephrine, a plant substance yielding classic environmental clusters of hay related identifications in equine urine. Drug testing and analysis. 2022 04; 14(4):774-780. doi: 10.1002/dta.3212. [PMID: 35088566]
  • Dahae Lee, Hee Jae Kwak, Byoung Ha Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Dong-Wook Kim, Ki Sung Kang. Combined Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Hispidulin and p-Synephrine on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Biomolecules. 2021 11; 11(12):. doi: 10.3390/biom11121764. [PMID: 34944408]
  • Jing-Yi Shi, Wen-Jun Cai, Wen-Dong Lin, Shuo Zhang, Rong Luo. [Comparison between peel and pulp of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by UPLC fingerprint and multicomponent quantitative analysis]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2021 Sep; 46(17):4446-4455. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210618.203. [PMID: 34581049]
  • Andy Hsien Wei Koh, Russ Chess-Williams, Anna Elizabeth Lohning. Racemic synephrine found in Citrus aurantium-listing pre-workout supplements suggests a non-plant-based origin. Drug testing and analysis. 2021 Aug; 13(8):1569-1575. doi: 10.1002/dta.3042. [PMID: 33834625]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Andy Hsien Wei Koh, Russ Chess-Williams, Anna Elizabeth Lohning. HPLC-UV-QDa analysis of Citrus aurantium-labelled pre-workout supplements suggest only a minority contain the plant extract. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2021 Jan; 193(?):113746. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113746. [PMID: 33190081]
  • Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Juan Del Coso, Verónica Giráldez-Costas, Jaime González-García, Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín. Effects of p-Synephrine during Exercise: A Brief Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021 Jan; 13(1):. doi: 10.3390/nu13010233. [PMID: 33467423]
  • I B Perova, K I Eller, A V Musatov, E V Tymolskaya. [Synephrine in dietary supplements and specialized foodstuffs: biological activity, safety and methods of analysis]. Voprosy pitaniia. 2021; 90(6):101-113. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-6-101-113. [PMID: 35032130]
  • Theresa Saenger, Florian Hübner, Viktoria Lindemann, Kristina Ganswind, Hans-Ulrich Humpf. Urinary Biomarkers for Orange Juice Consumption. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021 01; 65(2):e2000781. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000781. [PMID: 33216459]
  • Sidney J Stohs, Sidhartha D Ray. Review of Published Bitter Orange Extract and p-Synephrine Adverse Event Clinical Study Case Reports. Journal of dietary supplements. 2020; 17(3):355-363. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1577936. [PMID: 30835576]
  • Li-Xia Guo, Gang Chen, Zhong-Yi Yin, Yong-Hong Zhang, Xu-Xu Zheng. p-Synephrine exhibits anti-adipogenic activity by activating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of food biochemistry. 2019 11; 43(11):e13033. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13033. [PMID: 31486092]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Andy Hsien Wei Koh, Russ Chess-Williams, Anna Elizabeth Lohning. Differential mechanisms of action of the trace amines octopamine, synephrine and tyramine on the porcine coronary and mesenteric artery. Scientific reports. 2019 07; 9(1):10925. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46627-5. [PMID: 31358768]
  • Sohei Tanaka, Misaki Sekiguchi, Atsushi Yamamoto, Sen-Ichi Aizawa, Kanta Sato, Atsushi Taga, Hiroyuki Terashima, Yoshimi Ishihara, Shuji Kodama. Separation of Synephrine Enantiomers in Citrus Fruits by a Reversed Phase HPLC after Chiral Precolumn Derivatization. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2019 Apr; 35(4):407-412. doi: 10.2116/analsci.18p441. [PMID: 30555107]
  • Jung-Joon Kim, Keunyoung Kim, Ye-Ryeon Jung, Yiying Bian, Thien Ngo, Ok-Nam Bae, Kyung-Min Lim, Jin-Ho Chung. Co-Existence of Hypertensive and Anti-Hypertensive Constituents, Synephrine, and Nobiletin in Citrus unshiu Peel. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019 Mar; 24(7):. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071197. [PMID: 30934724]
  • Wen Wen Xu, Can-Can Zheng, Yun-Na Huang, Wen-You Chen, Qing-Sheng Yang, Jia-Yi Ren, Yue-Ming Wang, Qing-Yu He, Hua-Xin Liao, Bin Li. Synephrine Hydrochloride Suppresses Esophageal Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastatic Potential through Inhibition of Galectin-3-AKT/ERK Signaling. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2018 Sep; 66(35):9248-9258. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04020. [PMID: 30113849]
  • Jill A Bush, Nicholas A Ratamess, Sidney J Stohs, Nicole L Ellis, Ira T Vought, Elizabeth A O'Grady, Jeremy D Kuper, Jie Kang, Avery D Faigenbaum. Acute hematological and mood perception effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Aug; 32(8):1593-1607. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6090. [PMID: 29672965]
  • Yang Bai, Yuying Zheng, Wenjing Pang, Wei Peng, Hao Wu, Hongliang Yao, Panlin Li, Wen Deng, Jinle Cheng, Weiwei Su. Identification and Comparison of Constituents of Aurantii Fructus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by UFLC-DAD-Triple TOF-MS/MS. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018 Mar; 23(4):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040803. [PMID: 29601542]
  • Nicholas A Ratamess, Jill A Bush, Sidney J Stohs, Nicole L Ellis, Ira T Vought, Elizabeth A O'Grady, Jeremy D Kuper, Saif B Hasan, Jie Kang, Avery D Faigenbaum. Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Jan; 32(1):94-102. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5953. [PMID: 29047215]
  • Mohd Shara, Sidney J Stohs, Mahmoud M Smadi. Safety evaluation of p-synephrine following 15 days of oral administration to healthy subjects: A clinical study. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Jan; 32(1):125-131. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5956. [PMID: 29130542]
  • Ipek Suntar, Haroon Khan, Seema Patel, Rita Celano, Luca Rastrelli. An Overview on Citrus aurantium L.: Its Functions as Food Ingredient and Therapeutic Agent. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2018; 2018(?):7864269. doi: 10.1155/2018/7864269. [PMID: 29854097]
  • Cun-Yu Li, Yun Ma, Li-Cheng Liu, Qian Lu, Guo-Ping Peng. [Exploring correlation between molecular state and nanofiltration mass transfer process of synephrine from Citrus aurantium]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2017 Dec; 42(23):4598-4603. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170929.001. [PMID: 29376258]
  • N S Deshmukh, S J Stohs, C C Magar, S B Kadam. Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract: Safety assessment by acute and 14-day oral toxicity studies in rats and the Ames Test for mutagenicity. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 2017 Nov; 90(?):318-327. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.027. [PMID: 28966104]
  • Sidney J Stohs. Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanistic Studies Regarding Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and p-Synephrine. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2017 Oct; 31(10):1463-1474. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5879. [PMID: 28752649]
  • Matthias Bader, Tatjana Lang, Roman Lang, Thomas Hofmann. Synephrine as a Specific Marker for Orange Consumption. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017 Jun; 65(23):4853-4858. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01941. [PMID: 28532150]
  • Nadiya Bakhiya, Rainer Ziegenhagen, Karen I Hirsch-Ernst, Birgit Dusemund, Klaus Richter, Katharina Schultrich, Sophie Pevny, Bernd Schäfer, Alfonso Lampen. Phytochemical compounds in sport nutrition: Synephrine and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as examples for evaluation of possible health risks. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2017 06; 61(6):. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201601020. [PMID: 28271601]
  • Nicholas A Ratamess, Jill A Bush, Jie Kang, William J Kraemer, Sidney J Stohs, Vincenzo G Nocera, Megan D Leise, Keith B Diamond, Sara C Campbell, Howard B Miller, Avery D Faigenbaum. The Effects of Supplementation with p-Synephrine Alone and in Combination with Caffeine on Metabolic, Lipolytic, and Cardiovascular Responses during Resistance Exercise. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2016 Nov; 35(8):657-669. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1150223. [PMID: 27484437]
  • Pei Li, Su-Ling Zeng, Li Duan, Xiao-Dong Ma, Li-Li Dou, Lan-Jin Wang, Ping Li, Zhi-Ming Bi, E-Hu Liu. Comparison of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus based on multiple chromatographic analysis and chemometrics methods. Journal of chromatography. A. 2016 Oct; 1469(?):96-107. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.061. [PMID: 27717489]
  • Sidney J Stohs, Vladimir Badmaev. A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non-stimulant Thermogenic Agents. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2016 May; 30(5):732-40. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5583. [PMID: 26856274]
  • Mohd Shara, Sidney J Stohs, Tareq L Mukattash. Cardiovascular Safety of Oral p-Synephrine (Bitter Orange) in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Cross-over Clinical Trial. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2016 May; 30(5):842-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5590. [PMID: 26948284]
  • Juliany Fontoura da Silva-Pereira, Gisele Adriana Bubna, Geferson de Almeida Gonçalves, Fabrício Bracht, Rosane Marina Peralta, Adelar Bracht. Fast hepatic biotransformation of p-synephrine and p-octopamine and implications for their oral intake. Food & function. 2016 Mar; 7(3):1483-91. doi: 10.1039/c6fo00014b. [PMID: 26883936]
  • Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín, Juan José Salinero, Javier Abían-Vicen, Francisco Areces, Beatriz Lara, Cesar Gallo, Carlos Puente, Juan Del Coso. Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2016 Jan; 41(1):63-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0299. [PMID: 26673246]
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