(-)-Arctiin (BioDeep_00000000001)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000403031

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


(3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]methyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one

化学式: C27H34O11 (534.2101014)
中文名称: 牛蒡子苷, 牛蒡子甙, 牛蒡苷
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 1.64%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

(-)-Arctiin. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2024-09-08) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000001). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC
InChI: InChI=1S/C27H34O11/c1-33-18-6-4-14(10-20(18)34-2)8-16-13-36-26(32)17(16)9-15-5-7-19(21(11-15)35-3)37-27-25(31)24(30)23(29)22(12-28)38-27/h4-7,10-11,16-17,22-25,27-31H,8-9,12-13H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,22+,23+,24-,25+,27+/m0/s1

描述信息

Natural compounds from herbs are recognized as an important source of therapeutic agents. Seeking for natural products with high selectivity and less side effects merits considerable efforts. Arctium lappa, also known as burdock, is widely consumed in East Asia, Europe and America to promote well-being for hundreds of years. In Chinese traditional medicine, Arctium lappa (mainly roots, and, to a less extend, seeds and leaves) is an important herbal medicinal preparation. It is commonly used for alleviating symptoms of inflammatory disorders, such as anemopyretic cold, cough, measles, urticaria and furuncle (Shin et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2009). In addition, Arctium lappa is applied to treat various skin disorders including eczema and acne (Chan et al., 2011; Miglani and Manchanda, 2014).

Lignans are the most characteristic phytoconstituents of Arctium lappa. Among them, ATG (Formula:C21H24O6; PubChem CID:64,981) and its glycoside, arctiin are the major bioactive compounds (Fig. 1). ATG, rich in roots and seeds of Arctium lappa, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its prominent therapeutic potential. It possesses many biological activities such as anti-oxidative stress (Lü et al., 2016), anti-cancer (He et al., 2018; Shabgah et al., 2021), anti-virus (Gao et al., 2018a) and anti-inflammation (Hyam et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2009). Significant curative effects of ATG have been demonstrated on a wide range of human diseases including cancers, autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, viral infections and other health concerns. The bioactivity of ATG largely depend on its chemical structure. For instance, the chiral carbon atom in the lactone ring is essential for the anti-tumor effect of ATG as (–)-arctigenin exhibits greater tumor suppression effect than (+)-arctigenin (Awale et al., 2014). Furthermore, the dibenzyl butyrolactone is key for the interactions between ATG and proteins.

(-)-arctiin is a member of the class of compounds known as lignan glycosides. Lignan glycosides are aromatic polycyclic compounds containing a carbohydrate component glycosidically linked to a lignan moiety. They include 1-aryltetralin lactones (-)-arctiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-arctiin can be found in burdock, which makes (-)-arctiin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Arctiin is a glycoside and a lignan.
Arctiin is a natural product found in Abeliophyllum distichum, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available.

Arctiin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=20362-31-6 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 20362-31-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.
Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.

同义名列表

25 个代谢物同义名

(3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]methyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one; (3R,4R)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(3-methoxy-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; (3R,4R)-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(3-methoxy-4-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)benzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(3-methoxy-4-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one; (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-{[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl}oxolan-2-one; (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one; (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[3-methoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one; 2(3H)-FURANONE, 4-((3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-3-((4-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-3-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)DIHYDRO-, (3R-TRANS)-; 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-((4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)dihydro-, (3R-trans)-; 2(3H)-FURANONE, 4-((3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-3-((4-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-3-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)DIHYDRO-, (3R,4R)-; 2(3H)-FURANONE, 4-((3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-3-((4-(beta-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-3-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)DIHYDRO-, (3R,4R)-; 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl]dihydro-, (3R,4R)-; 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(b-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl]dihydro-, (3R,4R)-; Arctiin, >=95\\% (LC/MS-ELSD); Arctigenin-4-glucoside; ARCTIIN [INCI]; MEGxp0_000527; ACon1_001261; Arctiin,(S); (-)-Arctiin; Arctium; Arctiin; Arctii; Arctigenin-4-glucoside; NSC 315527



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

58 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Lang Yuan, Chao Sun. The protective effects of Arctiin in asthma by attenuating airway inflammation and inhibiting p38/NF-κB signaling. Aging. 2024 Mar; 16(6):5038-5049. doi: 10.18632/aging.205584. [PMID: 38546350]
  • Miao Li, Zhaofeng Pan, Qi He, Jiacong Xiao, Baihao Chen, Fanchen Wang, Pan Kang, Haoran Luo, Jianliang Li, Jiaxu Zeng, Shaocong Li, Junzheng Yang, Haibin Wang, Chi Zhou. Arctiin attenuates iron overload‑induced osteoporosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. International journal of molecular medicine. 2023 Nov; 52(5):. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5311. [PMID: 37800616]
  • Yang Liu, Mingzhuang Hou, Zejun Pan, Xin Tian, Zhijian Zhao, Tao Liu, Huilin Yang, Qin Shi, Xi Chen, Yijian Zhang, Fan He, Xuesong Zhu. Arctiin-reinforced antioxidant microcarrier antagonizes osteoarthritis progression. Journal of nanobiotechnology. 2022 Jun; 20(1):303. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01505-7. [PMID: 35761235]
  • Fang Peng, Jinhui Yi, Jian Xiao, Junlie Chen, Haihan Zhang, Xi He, Zehe Song. Protective effect and possible mechanism of arctiin on broilers challenged by Salmonella pullorum. Journal of animal science. 2022 May; 100(5):. doi: 10.1093/jas/skac126. [PMID: 35417554]
  • Ziye Liu, Yongsheng Wu. Arctiin elevates osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by modulating cyclin D1. Bioengineered. 2022 04; 13(4):10866-10874. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066047. [PMID: 35473505]
  • Beixian Zhou, Linxin Wang, Yueyun Liang, Jing Li, Xiping Pan. Arctiin suppresses H9N2 avian influenza virus-mediated inflammation via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2021 Nov; 21(1):289. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03462-4. [PMID: 34836523]
  • Xueying Liu, Jian Wang, Peiyuan Dou, Xu Zhang, Xiaoku Ran, Linlin Liu, Deqiang Dou. The Ameliorative Effects of Arctiin and Arctigenin on the Oxidative Injury of Lung Induced by Silica via TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2021; 2021(?):5598980. doi: 10.1155/2021/5598980. [PMID: 34336106]
  • Feng-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Ting Li, Min Li, Yu-Lin-Lan Yuan, Shuang-Shuang Cui, Guan-Hua Wang, Rui-Man Li. An integrated strategy for revealing the pharmacological changes based on metabolites profiling and network pharmacology: Arctiin as an example. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2020 Nov; 1157(?):122270. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122270. [PMID: 32871375]
  • Yuyan Zhou, Xiaoya Lu, Li Xia, Weiqiang Yao, Guozheng Qin, Guodong Wang. [Arctiin antagonizes triptolide-induced renal toxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory pathway]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2020 Oct; 40(10):1399-1405. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.10.04. [PMID: 33118522]
  • Delong Chen, Zhen Ye, Chao Wang, Qingqing Wang, Haibin Wang, Vincent Kuek, Ziyi Wang, Heng Qiu, Jinbo Yuan, Jacob Kenny, Fan Yang, Jianbo He, Yun Liu, Gang Wang, Meng Zhang, Gangyu Zhang, Junjian Wang, Peng Chen, Jiake Xu. Arctiin abrogates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via suppressing RANKL-induced ROS and NFATc1 activation. Pharmacological research. 2020 09; 159(?):104944. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104944. [PMID: 32454224]
  • Xiang Xu, Xiao-Yu Zeng, Yue-Xian Cui, Ying-Biao Li, Jia-Hui Cheng, Xu-Dong Zhao, Guang-Hua Xu, Juan Ma, Hu-Nan Piao, Xuejun Jin, Lian-Xun Piao. Antidepressive Effect of Arctiin by Attenuating Neuroinflammation via HMGB1/TLR4- and TNF-α/TNFR1-Mediated NF-κB Activation. ACS chemical neuroscience. 2020 08; 11(15):2214-2230. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00120. [PMID: 32609480]
  • Jing Hu, Yun Shi, Bing Yang, Zibo Dong, Xinxin Si, Kunming Qin. Changes in chemical components and antitumor activity during the heating process of Fructus Arctii. Pharmaceutical biology. 2019 Dec; 57(1):363-368. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1616778. [PMID: 31295042]
  • Sachiko Sugimoto, Yoshi Yamano, Samar Y Desoukey, Kazuaki Katakawa, Amira S Wanas, Hideaki Otsuka, Katsuyoshi Matsunami. Isolation of Sesquiterpene-Amino Acid Conjugates, Onopornoids A-D, and a Flavonoid Glucoside from Onopordum alexandrinum. Journal of natural products. 2019 06; 82(6):1471-1477. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00948. [PMID: 31199638]
  • Jong Hyun Lee, Chulwon Kim, Junhee Lee, Jae-Young Um, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn. Arctiin is a pharmacological inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 residue and potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in human multiple myeloma cells. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2019 Mar; 55(?):282-292. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.038. [PMID: 30668440]
  • Qiong Gao, Mengbi Yang, Zhong Zuo. Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2018 May; 39(5):787-801. doi: 10.1038/aps.2018.32. [PMID: 29698388]
  • Karam Kim, Sungkwan An, Byung Gon Choi, Dahye Joo, Young Min Choi, Kyu Joong Ahn, In-Sook An, Hwa Jun Cha. Arctiin regulates collagen type 1α chain 1 mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts via the miR‑378b‑SIRT6 axis. Molecular medicine reports. 2017 Dec; 16(6):9120-9124. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7679. [PMID: 28990056]
  • Ye Wang, Fei Yu, Ming-Yue Liu, Yi-Kai Zhao, Dong-Ming Wang, Qing-Hong Hao, Xiu-Ling Wang. Isolation and Characterization of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s for the Conversion of (-)-3'-Desmethylarctigenin. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017 May; 65(20):4051-4056. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00114. [PMID: 28493688]
  • Hui Zhang, Zhenying Zhao, Tao Wang, Yijia Wang, Xiao Cui, Huijuan Zhang, Zhong-Ze Fang. Inhibition of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms by Arctiin and Arctigenin. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2016 Jul; 30(7):1189-96. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5627. [PMID: 27145339]
  • Jun Zhang, Li-Li Huang, Xiu-Jie Liang, Yue Wang, Na Duan, Xiao-Hong Xiang, Shuang-Shuang Shu, Ting-Ting Guo, Lei Yang, Xun Tang. [Arctiin ameliorates advanced oxidation protein product-induced epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2016 Jun; 36(6):833-7. doi: . [PMID: 27320888]
  • Haitao Lü, Zhaoyun Sun, Hu Shan, Jiying Song. Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Arctiin and Arctigenin from Fructus Arctii by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography. Journal of chromatographic science. 2016 Mar; 54(3):472-8. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv168. [PMID: 26590235]
  • Shan Su, Michael Wink. Natural lignans from Arctium lappa as antiaging agents in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phytochemistry. 2015 Sep; 117(?):340-350. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.021. [PMID: 26141518]
  • Yan Yi, Yu-shi Zhang, Chun-ying Li, Hai-yu Zhao, Hong-bin Xiao, Gui-qin Li, Yu-ting Lu, Jia-yin Han, Yong Zhao, Hong-jie Wang, Nan Si, Ai-hua Liang, Bao-lin Bian. [Study of screening pseudoallergenic substances of Shuanghuanglian injection]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2015 Jul; 40(14):2727-31. doi: . [PMID: 26666017]
  • Qi-Di Liu, Kun-Ming Qin, Bao-Jia Shen, Hao Cai, Bao-Chang Cai. Optimization of the processing technology of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2015 Mar; 13(3):222-31. doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30008-x. [PMID: 25835367]
  • Shan Su, Xinlai Cheng, Michael Wink. Natural lignans from Arctium lappa modulate P-glycoprotein efflux function in multidrug resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2015 Feb; 22(2):301-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.009. [PMID: 25765837]
  • Shi-yong Liu, Xiao-bo Jiang, Tao Wang, Ji-ye Sun, Shang-qin Hu, Li Zhang. [Study on High-yield Cultivation Measures for Arctii Fructus]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2015 Feb; 38(2):227-30. doi: ". [PMID: 26415394]
  • Xin Wu, Yan Yang, Yannong Dou, Jun Ye, Difei Bian, Zhifeng Wei, Bei Tong, Lingyi Kong, Yufeng Xia, Yue Dai. Arctigenin but not arctiin acts as the major effective constituent of Arctium lappa L. fruit for attenuating colonic inflammatory response induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2014 Dec; 23(2):505-15. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.026. [PMID: 25284342]
  • Lai-chun Lu, Rong Zhang, Ming-bao Song, Shi-wen Zhou, Gui-sheng Qian. Optimization of extraction and purification of arctiin from Fructus arctii and its protection against glucose-induced rat aortic endothelial cell injury. Cell biochemistry and biophysics. 2014 May; 69(1):93-101. doi: 10.1007/s12013-013-9775-5. [PMID: 24163109]
  • Ghang Tai Lee, Hwa Jun Cha, Kwang Sik Lee, Kun Kook Lee, Jin Tae Hong, Kyu Joong Ahn, In-Sook An, Sungkwan An, Seunghee Bae. Arctiin induces an UVB protective effect in human dermal fibroblast cells through microRNA expression changes. International journal of molecular medicine. 2014 Mar; 33(3):640-8. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1616. [PMID: 24398562]
  • Yuanyuan Hou, Binfeng Cheng, Mengge Zhou, Runping Fang, Min Jiang, Wenbin Hou, Gang Bai. Searching for synergistic bronchodilators and novel therapeutic regimens for chronic lung diseases from a traditional Chinese medicine, Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan. PloS one. 2014; 9(11):e113104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113104. [PMID: 25397687]
  • Song-Tao Ma, Dong-lian Liu, Jing-jing Deng, Rui Niu, Rui-bin Liu. Effect of arctiin on glomerular filtration barrier damage in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 Oct; 27(10):1474-80. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4884. [PMID: 23147865]
  • Tian-Min Wang, Ru-Feng Wang, Hu-Biao Chen, Ming-Ying Shang, Shao-Qing Cai. Alkyl and phenolic glycosides from Saussurea stella. Fitoterapia. 2013 Jul; 88(?):38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.027. [PMID: 23567860]
  • Wei Wang, Qiang Pan, Xue-Ying Han, Jing Wang, Ri-Qiu Tan, Fan He, De-Qiang Dou, Ting-Guo Kang. Simultaneous determination of arctiin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by HPLC. Fitoterapia. 2013 Apr; 86(?):6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.016. [PMID: 23380537]
  • Xue-Ying Han, Wei Wang, Ri-Qiu Tan, De-Qiang Dou. [Determination of plasma protein binding rate of arctiin and arctigenin with ultrafiltration]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2013 Feb; 38(3):432-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 23668024]
  • Lilla Szokol-Borsodi, Anna Sólyomváry, Ibolya Molnár-Perl, Imre Boldizsár. Optimum yields of dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignans from Cynareae fruits, during their ripening, germination and enzymatic hydrolysis processes, determined by on-line chromatographic methods. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2012 Nov; 23(6):598-603. doi: 10.1002/pca.2360. [PMID: 22396124]
  • Lai-chun Lu, Wei Zhou, Zhuo-heng Li, Cai-ping Yu, Chen-wen Li, Ming-he Luo, Hong Xie. Effects of arctiin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Planta medica. 2012 Aug; 78(12):1317-23. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1314998. [PMID: 22753037]
  • Fan He, He Fan, De-Qiang Dou, Dou De-Qiang, Yu Sun, Sun Yu, Lin Zhu, Zhu Lin, Hong-Bin Xiao, Xiao Hong-Bin, Ting-Guo Kang, Kang Ting-Guo. Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of arctiin and its main metabolite in rats by HPLC-UV and LC-MS. Planta medica. 2012 May; 78(8):800-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298433. [PMID: 22499560]
  • Cao JianFeng, Zhang PengYing, Xu ChengWei, Huang TaoTao, Bai YunGui, Chen KaoShan. Effect of aqueous extract of Arctium lappa L. (burdock) roots on the sexual behavior of male rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Feb; 12(?):8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-8. [PMID: 22296876]
  • Dong-Seon Kim, Seung-Hyung Kim, Bok-Kyu Kim, Min Cheol Yang, Jin Yeul Ma. Antiasthmatic Effects of Herbal Complex MA and Its Fermented Product MA128. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2012; 2012(?):769508. doi: 10.1155/2012/769508. [PMID: 22203879]
  • Il-Hoon Jung, Jeong Hoon Lee, Yang-Jin Hyun, Dong-Hyun Kim. Metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 by human intestinal microflora and cloning of its metabolizing β-D-glucosidase from Bifidobacterium longum H-1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2012; 35(4):573-81. doi: 10.1248/bpb.35.573. [PMID: 22466563]
  • In-Ah Lee, Eun-Ha Joh, Dong-Hyun Kim. Arctigenin isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa ameliorates memory deficits in mice. Planta medica. 2011 Sep; 77(13):1525-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1270746. [PMID: 21308615]
  • Cheryl Lans, Nancy Turner. Organic parasite control for poultry and rabbits in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2011 Jul; 7(?):21. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-7-21. [PMID: 21756341]
  • Liang Xu, Deqiang Dou, Bing Wang, Yanyun Yang, Tingguo Kang. [Study on correlation between ITS sequence of Arctium lappa and quality of Fructus Arctii]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2011 Jul; 36(14):1931-5. doi: . [PMID: 22016962]
  • Fabricia S Predes, Ana L T G Ruiz, João E Carvalho, Mary A Foglio, Heidi Dolder. Antioxidative and in vitro antiproliferative activity of Arctium lappa root extracts. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Mar; 11(?):25. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-25. [PMID: 21429215]
  • Jin Hee Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Tae Doo Kim, Chang Jong Kim. Antiasthmatic action of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans from fruits of Forsythia viridissima on asthmatic responses to ovalbumin challenge in conscious guinea-pigs. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2011 Mar; 25(3):387-95. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3273. [PMID: 20734328]
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