Ginsenoside (BioDeep_00001867458)

Main id: BioDeep_00000000025

 

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, (3.BETA.,6.ALPHA.,12.BETA.)-20-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-3,12-DIHYDROXYDAMMAR-24-EN-6-YL 2-O-(6-DEOXY-.ALPHA.-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)-

化学式: C48H82O18 (946.5501)
中文名称: 人参皂苷 Re, 人参皂甙 Re, 人参皂甙Re
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@]2([H])[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]([C@](O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)(C)CC/C=C(\C)/C)([H])[C@@]4([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]3([H])[C@@]12C
InChI: InChI=1S/C48H82O18/c1-21(2)11-10-14-48(9,66-42-38(60)35(57)32(54)26(19-49)63-42)23-12-16-46(7)30(23)24(51)17-28-45(6)15-13-29(52)44(4,5)40(45)25(18-47(28,46)8)62-43-39(36(58)33(55)27(20-50)64-43)65-41-37(59)34(56)31(53)22(3)61-41/h11,22-43,49-60H,10,12-20H2,1-9H3/t22-,23-,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,41-,42-,43+,45+,46+,47+,48-/m0/s1

描述信息

Ginsenoside Re is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a beta-D-glucoside, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a disaccharide derivative and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane.
Ginsenoside B2 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00781534 (A Clinical Trial of Ginseng in Diabetes).
Ginsenoside Re is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Luffa aegyptiaca, and other organisms with data available.
See also: Asian Ginseng (part of); American Ginseng (part of); Panax notoginseng root (part of).
A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.
Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.
Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.

同义名列表

24 个代谢物同义名

.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, (3.BETA.,6.ALPHA.,12.BETA.)-20-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-3,12-DIHYDROXYDAMMAR-24-EN-6-YL 2-O-(6-DEOXY-.ALPHA.-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)-; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-; (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 2-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-(3beta,6alpha,12beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl-beta-D-glucopyranoside; (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,6alpha,12beta,20-trihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; b-D-Glucopyranoside,(3b,6a,12b)-20-(b-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-6-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-; GINSENOSIDE RE (CONSTITUENT OF AMERICAN GINSENG, ASIAN GINSENG, AND TIENCHI GINSENG) [DSC]; GINSENOSIDE RE (CONSTITUENT OF AMERICAN GINSENG, ASIAN GINSENG, AND TIENCHI GINSENG); Ginsenoside B2; Panaxoside Re; Sanchinoside Re; PWAOOJDMFUQOKB-WCZZMFLVSA-N; Chikusetsusaponin IVc; GINSENOSIDE RE [INCI]; (20S)-ginsenoside Re; UNII-46F3R0BL3I; Sanchinoside Re; Ginsenoside B2; ginsenoside Re; ginsenoside-Re; Panaxoside RE; Ginsenoside; NSC 308877; 46F3R0BL3I; Ginsenoside Re



数据库引用编号

17 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 16 AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, CAT, GPX1, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NFE2L2, NOS3, PIK3CA, PPARG, PRKCD, PRKX, RB1, TLR4
Peripheral membrane protein 2 MTOR, PRKCD
Endosome membrane 1 TLR4
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
Nucleus 13 AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NFE2L2, NOS3, PPARG, PRKCD, PRKX, RB1, RBL2
cytosol 15 AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, CAT, GPX1, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NFE2L2, NOS3, PIK3CA, PPARG, PRKCD, RB1, RBL2
dendrite 1 MTOR
phagocytic vesicle 1 MTOR
centrosome 1 NFE2L2
nucleoplasm 12 AKT1, CASP3, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NFE2L2, NOS3, PPARG, PRKCD, PRKX, RB1, RBL2
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 2 NFE2L2, PPARG
Cell membrane 4 AKT1, PRKCD, TLR4, TNF
Cytoplasmic side 1 MTOR
lamellipodium 2 AKT1, PIK3CA
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 MTOR
Synapse 2 MAPK8, PRKCD
cell cortex 1 AKT1
cell surface 2 TLR4, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 3 AKT1, CASP3, MAPK14
Golgi apparatus 2 NFE2L2, NOS3
Golgi membrane 3 INS, MTOR, NOS3
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body 2 CASP3, TNF
postsynapse 1 AKT1
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 NFE2L2
Lysosome 1 MTOR
plasma membrane 7 AKT1, NFE2L2, NOS3, PIK3CA, PRKCD, TLR4, TNF
Membrane 6 AKT1, BCL2, CAT, MTOR, PRKCD, TLR4
axon 1 MAPK8
caveola 1 NOS3
extracellular exosome 3 CAT, PRKCD, RBL2
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 2 BCL2, PRKCD
extracellular space 3 IL6, INS, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 5 NOS3, PIK3CA, PPARG, PRKCD, TLR4
intercalated disc 1 PIK3CA
mitochondrion 5 BCL2, CAT, GPX1, MAPK14, PRKCD
protein-containing complex 3 AKT1, BCL2, CAT
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 CAT, PPARG
Microsome membrane 1 MTOR
postsynaptic density 1 CASP3
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Single-pass type I membrane protein 1 TLR4
Secreted 2 IL6, INS
extracellular region 6 CAT, IL6, INS, MAPK14, PRKCD, TNF
Mitochondrion outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
mitochondrial matrix 2 CAT, GPX1
transcription regulator complex 1 RBL2
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
external side of plasma membrane 2 TLR4, TNF
microtubule cytoskeleton 1 AKT1
nucleolus 1 RBL2
Cytoplasm, P-body 1 NOS3
P-body 1 NOS3
Early endosome 1 TLR4
cell-cell junction 2 AKT1, PRKCD
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
vesicle 1 AKT1
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 PRKCD
Membrane raft 1 TNF
pore complex 1 BCL2
focal adhesion 1 CAT
spindle 2 AKT1, RB1
Peroxisome 1 CAT
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
Nucleus, PML body 1 MTOR
PML body 2 MTOR, RB1
Mitochondrion intermembrane space 1 AKT1
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 AKT1
nuclear speck 1 MAPK14
Cell projection, ruffle 1 TLR4
ruffle 1 TLR4
receptor complex 2 PPARG, TLR4
neuron projection 1 PRKCD
ciliary basal body 1 AKT1
chromatin 4 NFE2L2, PPARG, RB1, RBL2
mediator complex 1 NFE2L2
phagocytic cup 2 TLR4, TNF
Chromosome 1 RBL2
cytoskeleton 1 NOS3
spindle pole 1 MAPK14
nuclear envelope 1 MTOR
Endomembrane system 2 MTOR, PRKCD
endosome lumen 1 INS
Cytoplasm, Stress granule 1 NOS3
cytoplasmic stress granule 1 NOS3
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
lipopolysaccharide receptor complex 1 TLR4
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 2 CAT, MAPK14
secretory granule lumen 3 CAT, INS, MAPK14
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 IL6, INS
nuclear matrix 1 PRKCD
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1 PIK3CA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA 1 PIK3CA
endocytic vesicle membrane 1 NOS3
transport vesicle 1 INS
azurophil granule lumen 1 PRKCD
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
SWI/SNF complex 1 RB1
Synapse, synaptosome 1 PRKCD
protein-DNA complex 1 NFE2L2
basal dendrite 1 MAPK8
death-inducing signaling complex 1 CASP3
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
catalase complex 1 CAT
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
chromatin lock complex 1 RB1
Rb-E2F complex 1 RB1
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
endolysosome 1 PRKCD
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB 1 PIK3CA
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Jingyuan Zeng, Xican Li, Rongxin Cai, Ban Chen, Chunhou Li, Qingzhong Hu, Yue Sun. Proposing anti-counterfeiting pharmacopoeia quality markers for Shenlingbaizhu granule based on UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS identification. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2023 Sep; ?(?):. doi: 10.1002/pca.3284. [PMID: 37735858]
  • Xiaoyan Xu, Meiting Jiang, Xiaohang Li, Yu Wang, Meiyu Liu, Hongda Wang, Yueguang Mi, Boxue Chen, Xiumei Gao, Wenzhi Yang. Three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram by online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Application to the identification and differentiation of ginseng from herbal medicines to various Chinese patent medicines. Journal of chromatography. A. 2023 Jul; 1700(?):464042. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464042. [PMID: 37163941]
  • Jie Chang, Yujue Wang, Jing Xu, Xiaoye Du, Jingang Cui, Teng Zhang, Yu Chen. Ginsenoside Re Mitigates Photooxidative Stress-Mediated Photoreceptor Degeneration and Retinal Inflammation. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 2023 Jun; ?(?):. doi: 10.1007/s11481-023-10073-y. [PMID: 37326907]
  • Xia Jiang, Lin Chen, Qing Fu, DanLi Ma, XueTing Liu, XiaoYi Wang. Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Exacerbates Aβ25-35-Induced Pathological Changes, And Ginsenoside Re Ameliorates Synapse Lesions In Aβ25-35-Injected Rats With Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome. Current Alzheimer research. 2023 May; ?(?):. doi: 10.2174/1567205020666230512094230. [PMID: 37183470]
  • Adam Yasgar, Danielle Bougie, Richard T Eastman, Ruili Huang, Misha Itkin, Jennifer Kouznetsova, Caitlin Lynch, Crystal McKnight, Mitch Miller, Deborah K Ngan, Tyler Peryea, Pranav Shah, Paul Shinn, Menghang Xia, Xin Xu, Alexey V Zakharov, Anton Simeonov. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS pharmacology & translational science. 2023 May; 6(5):683-701. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194. [PMID: 37200814]
  • Jian Ye, Tian-Jiao Lyu, Ling-Yan Li, Ying Liu, Hong Zhang, Xu Wang, Xin Xi, Zong-Jun Liu, Jun-Qing Gao. Ginsenoside Re attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis via miR-144-3p/SLC7A11. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 May; 113(?):154681. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154681. [PMID: 36893674]
  • Yan Xu, Xue Meng, Wen-Xue Zhao, Dong-Guang Liu, Jian-Guo Zhu, Ru Yao, Jing-Chun Yao, Gui-Min Zhang. [Neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Re on drosophila model of Parkinson's disease]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2023 Apr; 48(7):1927-1935. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230103.705. [PMID: 37282969]
  • Eun-Joo Shin, Bao Trong Nguyen, Naveen Sharma, Ngoc Kim Cuong Tran, Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen, Yeonggwang Hwang, Jung Hoon Park, Seung-Yeol Nah, Sung Kwon Ko, Jae Kyung Byun, Yi Lee, Dae-Joong Kim, Ji Hoon Jeong, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re mitigates memory impairments in aged GPx-1 KO mice by inhibiting the interplay between PAFR, NFκB, and microgliosis in the hippocampus. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2023 Mar; 173(?):113627. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113627. [PMID: 36682417]
  • Linwei Chen, Nina Wei, Yong Jiang, Chengye Yuan, Luwei Xu, Jindong Li, Min Kong, Yan Chen, Qin Wang. Comparative pharmacokinetics of seven bioactive components after oral administration of crude and processed Qixue Shuangbu Prescription in chronic heart failure rats by microdialysis combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Mar; 303(?):116035. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116035. [PMID: 36513265]
  • Eun-Joo Shin, Ji Hoon Jeong, Bao-Trong Nguyen, Naveen Sharma, Cuong Ngoc Kim Tran, Seung-Yeol Nah, Yi Lee, Jae Kyung Byun, Sung Kwon Ko, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re attenuates 8-OH-DPAT-induced serotonergic behaviors in mice via interactive modulation between PKCδ gene and Nrf2. Drug and chemical toxicology. 2023 Mar; 46(2):281-296. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2022689. [PMID: 35707918]
  • Bao Trong Nguyen, Eun-Joo Shin, Ji Hoon Jeong, Naveen Sharma, Seung Yeol Nah, Sung Kwon Ko, Jae Kyung Byun, Yi Lee, Xin Gen Lei, Dae-Joong Kim, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re attenuates memory impairments in aged Klotho deficient mice via interactive modulations of angiotensin II AT1 receptor, Nrf2 and GPx-1 gene. Free radical biology & medicine. 2022 08; 189(?):2-19. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.003. [PMID: 35840016]
  • Jiasong Cai, Kunlong Huang, Shengnan Han, Ruichan Chen, Zhijun Li, Yan Chen, Bing Chen, Shaoguang Li, Lin Xinhua, Hong Yao. A comprehensive system review of pharmacological effects and relative mechanisms of Ginsenoside Re: Recent advances and future perspectives. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2022 Jul; 102(?):154119. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154119. [PMID: 35617888]
  • Heyu Wang, Yaran Teng, Shinan Li, Ying Li, Hui Li, Lili Jiao, Wei Wu. UHPLC-MS-Based Serum and Urine Metabolomics Reveals the Anti-Diabetic Mechanism of Ginsenoside Re in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Nov; 26(21):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216657. [PMID: 34771066]
  • Eun-Joo Shin, Ji Hoon Jeong, Bao-Trong Nguyen, Naveen Sharma, Seung-Yeol Nah, Yoon Hee Chung, Yi Lee, Jae Kyung Byun, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Sung Kwon Ko, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re Protects against Serotonergic Behaviors Evoked by 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine in Mice via Inhibition of PKCδ-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Jul; 22(13):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22137219. [PMID: 34281274]
  • Xue Li, Zhifeng Yan, Longzhu Li, Tao Ma, Yang Chen. [Preparation of branched polyethyleneimine-assisted boric acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and its application to selective enrichment of ginsenoside Re]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2021 Jun; 39(6):599-606. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.11005. [PMID: 34227320]
  • Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Sowon Lee, Wonpyo Lee, Sojeong Jin, Mihwa Kwon, Chul Hwi Shin, Min-Koo Choi, Im-Sook Song. Herb-Drug Interaction of Red Ginseng Extract and Ginsenoside Rc with Valsartan in Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jan; 25(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030622. [PMID: 32023909]
  • Gyeong Hee Lee, Won Jin Lee, Jinwoo Hur, Eunsu Kim, Hyuk Gyoon Lee, Han Geuk Seo. Ginsenoside Re Mitigates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress through Upregulation of GPX4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jan; 25(1):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010188. [PMID: 31906464]
  • Yonghui Yu, Jinghui Sun, Jiangang Liu, Peili Wang, Chenglong Wang. Ginsenoside Re Preserves Cardiac Function and Ameliorates Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2020 01; 75(1):91-97. doi: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000752. [PMID: 31599782]
  • Yang Gao, Chen-Ying Gao, Ping Zhu, Shang-Fu Xu, Yun-Mei Luo, Jiang Deng, Dan-Li Yang. Ginsenoside Re inhibits vascular neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid arteries through activating the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway in rats. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2018 Oct; 106(?):1091-1097. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.044. [PMID: 30119175]
  • Lei Zhang, Fei Li, Wang-Jun Qin, Chao Fu, Xiang-Lin Zhang. Changes in intestinal microbiota affect metabolism of ginsenoside Re. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2018 Oct; 32(10):e4284. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4284. [PMID: 29748959]
  • Xiao-Nan Chen, Dan-Qi Li, Meng-di Zhao, Gang-Yan Yu, Shou-Ying Du, Yang Lu, Jie Bai, Peng-Yue Li, Ya-Li Wu, Zhi-Hao Tian, Yan-Ying Zeng. Pharmacokinetics of Panax notoginseng Saponins in Adhesive and Normal Preparation of Fufang Danshen. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2018 Apr; 43(2):215-225. doi: 10.1007/s13318-017-0433-y. [PMID: 28916980]
  • Eun-Joo Yang, Kyung-Chul Shin, Dae Young Lee, Deok-Kun Oh. Complete Biotransformation of Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng Leaf Extract to Aglycon Protopanaxatriol by β-Glycosidases from Dictyoglomus turgidum and Pyrococcus furiosus. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2018 Feb; 28(2):255-261. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09053. [PMID: 29169217]
  • Jingyuan Li, Ying Liu, Wei Li, Zhe Wang, Pan Guo, Lin Li, Naijing Li. Metabolic profiling of the effects of ginsenoside Re in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Behavioural brain research. 2018 Jan; 337(?):160-172. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.027. [PMID: 28927718]
  • Zi Wang, Yan-Fei Li, Xin-Yue Han, Yin-Shi Sun, Lian-Xue Zhang, Wei Liu, Xiang-Xiang Liu, Wei Li, Ying-Ying Liu. Kidney Protection Effect of Ginsenoside Re and Its Underlying Mechanisms on Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2018; 48(5):2219-2229. doi: 10.1159/000492562. [PMID: 30110677]
  • E González-Burgos, Carlos Fernández-Moriano, R Lozano, I Iglesias, M P Gómez-Serranillos. Ginsenosides Rd and Re co-treatments improve rotenone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2017 Nov; 109(Pt 1):38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.013. [PMID: 28843595]
  • Thu-Hien Thi Tu, Naveen Sharma, Eun-Joo Shin, Hai-Quyen Tran, Yu Jeung Lee, Ji Hoon Jeong, Jung Hwan Jeong, Seung Yeol Nah, Hoang-Yen Phi Tran, Jae Kyung Byun, Sung Kwon Ko, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re Protects Trimethyltin-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activation of IL-6-Mediated Phosphoinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling in Mice. Neurochemical research. 2017 Nov; 42(11):3125-3139. doi: 10.1007/s11064-017-2349-y. [PMID: 28884396]
  • Zhaoxia Jin, Lin Gao, Lin Zhang, Tianyi Liu, Fang Yu, Zongshen Zhang, Qiong Guo, Biying Wang. Antimicrobial activity of saponins produced by two novel endophytic fungi from Panax notoginseng. Natural product research. 2017 Nov; 31(22):2700-2703. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292265. [PMID: 28278662]
  • Jeniffer Silva, Yu-Jin Kim, Dexin Xiao, Johan Sukweenadhi, Tingting Hu, Woo-Saeng Kwon, Jianping Hu, Deok-Chun Yang, Dabing Zhang. Cytological analysis of ginseng carpel development. Protoplasma. 2017 Sep; 254(5):1909-1922. doi: 10.1007/s00709-017-1081-4. [PMID: 28154963]
  • Guilin Chen, Haijun Li, Yugang Gao, Lianxue Zhang, Yan Zhao. Flavored black ginseng exhibited antitumor activity via improving immune function and inducing apoptosis. Food & function. 2017 May; 8(5):1880-1889. doi: 10.1039/c6fo01870j. [PMID: 28426048]
  • L Zhang, T T Wang. Construction and transformation of expression vector containing Panax japonicus SS gene. Genetics and molecular research : GMR. 2017 Jan; 16(1):. doi: 10.4238/gmr16019341. [PMID: 28128417]
  • Guoqiong Cao, Ping Su, Shuai Zhang, Limin Guo, Haijing Zhang, Yuexia Liang, Chunxia Qin, Wensheng Zhang. Ginsenoside Re reduces Aβ production by activating PPARγ to inhibit BACE1 in N2a/APP695 cells. European journal of pharmacology. 2016 Dec; 793(?):101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.006. [PMID: 27840193]
  • Xiqian Zhang, Rujun Ma, Xiaojuan Liu, Xuehua Jiang, Ling Wang. Simultaneous determination of ginsenoside Rg1 , Re and notoginsenoside R1 in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese volunteers. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2016 Dec; 30(12):1915-1921. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3766. [PMID: 27219100]
  • Fengxia Lin, Sanlin Lei, Jin'an Ma, Li Shi, Dan Mao, Shaofan Zhang, Jianhua Huang, Xinyi Liu, Dengfeng Ding, Yingjin Zhang, Sifang Zhang. [Inhibitory effect of jianpi-jiedu prescription-contained serum on colorectal cancer SW48 cell proliferation by mTOR-P53-P21 signalling pathway]. Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences. 2016 Nov; 41(11):1128-1136. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2016.11.003. [PMID: 27932756]
  • Yawei Shi, Xuesi Wan, Nan Shao, Runyi Ye, Ning Zhang, Yunjian Zhang. Protective and anti‑angiopathy effects of ginsenoside Re against diabetes mellitus via the activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK signaling. Molecular medicine reports. 2016 Nov; 14(5):4849-4856. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5821. [PMID: 27748921]
  • Guoliang Dai, Zhitao Jiang, Lijing Zhu, Qian Zhang, Yang Zong, Shijia Liu, Changyin Li, Wenzheng Ju. Simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Re in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of separation science. 2016 Sep; 39(17):3368-74. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600522. [PMID: 27412519]
  • Rong-Chang Chen, Jian Wang, Longpo Yang, Gui-Bo Sun, Xiao-Bo Sun. Protective effects of ginsenoside Re on lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Food & function. 2016 May; 7(5):2278-87. doi: 10.1039/c5fo01357g. [PMID: 27074714]
  • Qian Zhang, Chun-sheng Li, Shuo Wang, Wei Gu. Effects of Chinese medicine shen-fu injection on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and complements during post-resuscitation immune dysfunction in a porcine model. Chinese journal of integrative medicine. 2016 Feb; 22(2):101-9. doi: 10.1007/s11655-014-1857-8. [PMID: 25253551]
  • Yunsung Nam, Myung Bok Wie, Eun-Joo Shin, Thuy-Ty Lan Nguyen, Seung-Yeol Nah, Sung Kwon Ko, Ji Hoon Jeong, Choon-Gon Jang, Hyoung-Chun Kim. Ginsenoside Re protects methamphetamine-induced mitochondrial burdens and proapoptosis via genetic inhibition of protein kinase C δ in human neuroblastoma dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell lines. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. 2015 Aug; 35(8):927-44. doi: 10.1002/jat.3093. [PMID: 25523949]
  • Yi-hang Chen, Meng-xuan Li, Zhao-qing Meng, Jiao-jiao Yang, Wen-zhe Huang, Zhen-zhong Wang, Yue-sheng Wang, Wei Xiao. [Traditional Chinese medicine pairs (III)--effect of extract of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix on intestinal absorption in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2015 Aug; 40(15):3094-9. doi: . [PMID: 26677717]
  • Shi Shen, Xi Chen, Ye Bi, Zhu Wang. [Uncertainty evaluation for determining ginsenosides in ginseng food by HPLC]. Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research. 2015 Mar; 44(2):288-93. doi: ". [PMID: 25997236]
  • Rongrong Jiang, Jiajia Dong, Xiuxue Li, Feifei Du, Weiwei Jia, Fang Xu, Fengqing Wang, Junling Yang, Wei Niu, Chuan Li. Molecular mechanisms governing different pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides and potential for ginsenoside-perpetrated herb-drug interactions on OATP1B3. British journal of pharmacology. 2015 Feb; 172(4):1059-73. doi: 10.1111/bph.12971. [PMID: 25297453]
  • Bao Qiong Li, Jing Chen, Jiao Jiao Li, Xue Wang, Hong Lin Zhai. The application of a Tchebichef moment method to the quantitative analysis of multiple compounds based on three-dimensional HPLC fingerprint spectra. The Analyst. 2015 Jan; 140(2):630-6. doi: 10.1039/c4an01736f. [PMID: 25426727]
  • Huichao Wu, Huimin Liu, Jie Bai, Yang Lu, Shouying Du. Simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re and 20(S) protopanaxatriol in beagle dog plasma by ultra high performance liquid mass spectrometry after oral administration of a Panax notoginseng saponin preparation. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2015 Jan; 974(?):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.025. [PMID: 25463196]
  • Xingbin Yin, Longfei Lin, Mingrui Shen, Yujing Zhai, Sali Cao, Jing Fu, Xuechun Li, Chunjing Yang, Zhenwen Xia, Yang Zhao, Shangxin Li, Ying Bai, Dan Xue, Jian Ni. Analysis and pharmacokinetic study of polyphyllin H in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma Paridis extracts by LC-MS/MS. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2014 Dec; 28(12):1869-73. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3236. [PMID: 24897932]
  • Chang-ling Zhao, Sheng-chao Yang, Zhong-jian Chen, Yong Shen, Fu-gang Wei, Wu Wang, Ting-ju Long. [Contents of total anthocyanins and total saponins as well as composition of saponin monomers of Purple and Green Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2014 Oct; 37(10):1749-53. doi: . [PMID: 25895378]
  • Huihua Qu, Jiayang Sai, Yan Wang, Ye Sun, Yue Zhang, Yifei Li, Yan Zhao, Qingguo Wang. Establishment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and application on determination of ginsenoside Re in human saliva. Planta medica. 2014 Aug; 80(13):1143-50. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1382959. [PMID: 25197955]
  • Linli Wang, Zheng Li, Qing Shao, Xiang Li, Ni Ai, Xiaoping Zhao, Xiaohui Fan. Dissecting active ingredients of Chinese medicine by content-weighted ingredient-target network. Molecular bioSystems. 2014 Jul; 10(7):1905-11. doi: 10.1039/c3mb70581a. [PMID: 24781185]
  • Xiaoyan Su, Zengyang Pei, Songhua Hu. Ginsenoside Re as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response to the inactivated rabies virus vaccine in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2014 Jun; 20(2):283-9. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.03.008. [PMID: 24680943]
  • Hyuk-Jai Jang, Im-Ho Han, Young-Joo Kim, Noriko Yamabe, Dahae Lee, Gwi Seo Hwang, Miyoung Oh, Kyung-Chul Choi, Su-Nam Kim, Jungyeob Ham, Dae-Woon Eom, Ki Sung Kang. Anticarcinogenic effects of products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re, a major constituent of ginseng berry, on human gastric cancer cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014 Apr; 62(13):2830-6. doi: 10.1021/jf5000776. [PMID: 24666263]
  • Atsushi Kawase, Ayano Yamada, Yuko Gamou, Chika Tahara, Fumiaki Takeshita, Kazuya Murata, Hideaki Matsuda, Keiichi Samukawa, Masahiro Iwaki. Effects of ginsenosides on the expression of cytochrome P450s and transporters involved in cholesterol metabolism. Journal of natural medicines. 2014 Apr; 68(2):395-401. doi: 10.1007/s11418-013-0791-y. [PMID: 23835644]
  • Zhen-Dong Zhong, Chun-Mei Wang, Wei Wang, Li Shen, Zhong-Hua Chen. [Major hypoglycemic ingredients of Panax notoginseng saponins for treating diabetes]. Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 2014 Mar; 45(2):235-9. doi: . [PMID: 24749347]
  • Ji Hoon Kim, Im-Ho Han, Noriko Yamabe, Young-Joo Kim, Woojung Lee, Dae-Woon Eom, Pilju Choi, Gab Jin Cheon, Hyuk-Jai Jang, Su-Nam Kim, Jungyeob Ham, Ki Sung Kang. Renoprotective effects of Maillard reaction products generated during heat treatment of ginsenoside Re with leucine. Food chemistry. 2014 Jan; 143(?):114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.075. [PMID: 24054220]
  • Yang Gao, Min-Fei Yang, Ya-Ping Su, Hui-Min Jiang, Xiao-Juan You, Yin-Jing Yang, Hai-Long Zhang. Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through activation of PPAR-γ pathway and inhibition of TNF-α production. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2013 May; 147(2):509-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.057. [PMID: 23545455]
  • Lin-Fang Huang, Feng-Mei Suo, Jing-Yuan Song, Mei-Jia Wen, Guang-Lin Jia, Cai-Xiang Xie, Shi-Lin Chen. [Quality variation and ecotype division of Panax quinquefolium in China]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2013 Apr; 48(4):580-9. doi: ". [PMID: 23833949]
  • Unyong Kim, Myeong Hyeon Park, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hye Hyun Yoo. Metabolite profiling of ginsenoside Re in rat urine and faeces after oral administration. Food chemistry. 2013 Feb; 136(3-4):1364-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.050. [PMID: 23194536]
  • Kyung-Hee Kim, Karen Song, Seung-Hee Yoon, Omer Shehzad, Yeong-Shik Kim, Jin H Son. Rescue of PINK1 protein null-specific mitochondrial complex IV deficits by ginsenoside Re activation of nitric oxide signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2012 Dec; 287(53):44109-20. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m112.408146. [PMID: 23144451]
  • Dan Lu, Jinping Liu, Wenjie Zhao, Pingya Li. Chronic toxicity of ginsenoside Re on Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2012 Dec; 144(3):656-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.007. [PMID: 23063957]
  • Woojung Lee, Soon-Hye Park, Seungyong Lee, Bong Chul Chung, Min Ok Song, Kyung Il Song, Jungyeob Ham, Su-Nam Kim, Ki Sung Kang. Increase in antioxidant effect of ginsenoside Re-alanine mixture by Maillard reaction. Food chemistry. 2012 Dec; 135(4):2430-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.108. [PMID: 22980824]
  • Bei-Mei Zuo, Wen-Yuan Gao, Juan Wang, Shuang-Shuang Yin, Hui Liu, Li-Ming Zhang. [Cultivation of Panax ginseng adventitious roots in bubble bioreactors]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2012 Dec; 37(24):3706-11. doi: ". [PMID: 23627164]
  • Kang-Woo Lee, So Young Jung, Sun-Mi Choi, Eun Jin Yang. Effects of ginsenoside Re on LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglial cells. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Oct; 12(?):196. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-196. [PMID: 23102375]
  • Ji Hwan Lee, Woojung Lee, Seungyong Lee, Yujung Jung, Soon-Hye Park, Pilju Choi, Su-Nam Kim, Jungyeob Ham, Ki Sung Kang. Important role of Maillard reaction in the protective effect of heat-processed ginsenoside Re-serine mixture against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2012 Sep; 22(17):5475-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.018. [PMID: 22850209]
  • Lu Peng, Shi Sun, Lai-Hua Xie, Sheila M Wicks, Jing-Tian Xie. Ginsenoside Re: pharmacological effects on cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular therapeutics. 2012 Aug; 30(4):e183-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00271.x. [PMID: 21884006]
  • Se-Eun Jang, Il-Hoon Jung, Eun-Ha Joh, Myung Joo Han, Dong-Hyun Kim. Antibiotics attenuate anti-scratching behavioral effect of ginsenoside Re in mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun; 142(1):105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.022. [PMID: 22855946]
  • Fei Su, Lin Yuan, Lijia Zhang, Songhua Hu. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re act as adjuvant via TLR4 signaling pathway. Vaccine. 2012 Jun; 30(27):4106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.052. [PMID: 22472794]
  • Tiegui Nan, Shangquan Wu, Hongwei Zhao, Weiming Tan, Zhaohu Li, Qingchuan Zhang, Baomin Wang. Development of a secondary antibody thio-functionalized microcantilever immunosensor and an ELISA for measuring ginsenoside Re content in the herb ginseng. Analytical chemistry. 2012 May; 84(10):4327-33. doi: 10.1021/ac203414z. [PMID: 22494059]
  • Bombi Lee, Insop Shim, Hyejung Lee, Dae-Hyun Hahm. Effect of ginsenoside Re on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and cognition memory deficit induced by repeated immobilization in rats. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2012 May; 22(5):708-20. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1112.12046. [PMID: 22561867]
  • Yao-Wu Liu, Xia Zhu, Wei Li, Qian Lu, Jian-Yun Wang, Ya-Qin Wei, Xiao-Xing Yin. Ginsenoside Re attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in rats. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 2012 Mar; 101(1):93-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.12.003. [PMID: 22197711]
  • Hai-Yan Quan, Hai-Dan Yuan, Mi Song Jung, Sung Kwon Ko, Young Guk Park, Sung Hyun Chung. Ginsenoside Re lowers blood glucose and lipid levels via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells and high-fat diet fed mice. International journal of molecular medicine. 2012 Jan; 29(1):73-80. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.805. [PMID: 21971952]
  • Lok Yung Chan, Hoi Hin Kwok, Renee Wan Yi Chan, Malik Joseph Sriyal Peiris, Nai Ki Mak, Ricky Ngok Shun Wong, Michael Chi Wai Chan, Patrick Ying Kit Yue. Dual functions of ginsenosides in protecting human endothelial cells against influenza H9N2-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2011 Oct; 137(3):1542-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.022. [PMID: 21872652]
  • Dominic N Reeds, Bruce W Patterson, Adewole Okunade, John O Holloszy, Kenneth S Polonsky, Samuel Klein. Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve β-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. Diabetes care. 2011 May; 34(5):1071-6. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2299. [PMID: 21411505]
  • Chun-Su Yuan, Hiroyuki Tanaka. Bioactivity of American ginseng by knockout extract preparation using monoclonal antibody. Current drug discovery technologies. 2011 Mar; 8(1):32-41. doi: 10.2174/157016311794519992. [PMID: 21143131]
  • Lai Zhang, Xianqiang Zhang, Zhengwei Luo, Min Sun. [Culture of hairy roots of Panax japonicus and ginsenoside re synthesis]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2010 Sep; 35(18):2383-7. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20101804. [PMID: 21141482]
  • Osamu Morinaga, Takuhiro Uto, Chun-Su Yuan, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yukihiro Shoyama. Evaluation of a new eastern blotting technique for the analysis of ginsenoside Re in American ginseng berry pulp extracts. Fitoterapia. 2010 Jun; 81(4):284-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.005. [PMID: 19850112]
  • Ping Wang, Stacy Ownby, Zhizhen Zhang, Wei Yuan, Shiyou Li. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2010 May; 20(9):2790-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.063. [PMID: 20371180]
  • Xiaoming Song, Jian Chen, Kedsirin Sakwiwatkul, Ruili Li, Songhua Hu. Enhancement of immune responses to influenza vaccine (H3N2) by ginsenoside Re. International immunopharmacology. 2010 Mar; 10(3):351-6. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.009. [PMID: 20034596]
  • Kyung-Mi Joo, Ji-Hae Lee, Hee-Young Jeon, Chan-Woong Park, Deok-Ki Hong, Hye-Jin Jeong, Sang Jun Lee, Seok-Yong Lee, Kyung-Min Lim. Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2010 Jan; 51(1):278-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.013. [PMID: 19729261]
  • Han-ming Cui, Chun-guang Zhang, Hai Lin, Wen-long Lu, Hui-ping Cheng, Jie Wang. [Determination of effective components in different positions of Panax notoginseng by HPLC]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2009 Dec; 32(12):1810-3. doi: ". [PMID: 20432895]
  • Liu Yang, Shunjun Xu, Chunjin Liu, Zhijun Su. In vivo metabolism study of ginsenoside Re in rat using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2009 Nov; 395(5):1441-51. doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-3121-1. [PMID: 19774367]
  • Li-Ling Xie, Li Ren, Xian-Sheng Lai, Jun-Hui Cao, Quan-Yi Mo, Wei-Wen Chen. [Study on extraction and purification process of total ginsenosides from Radix Ginseng]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2009 Oct; 32(10):1602-5. doi: ". [PMID: 20112727]
  • Xia Li, Ming-Hai Tang, Fan Zhang, Zhu Yuan, Li-Juan Chen, Xian-Huo Wang. [Quantitative determination of ginsenoside Re and Rg1 in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 2009 Sep; 40(5):912-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 19950613]
  • Guangtong Chen, Min Yang, Dean Guo. [Metabolic study of ginsenoside Re in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2009 Jun; 34(12):1540-3. doi: . [PMID: 19777842]
  • Juan Wang, Wenyuan Gao, Tao Huang, Yu Cao. [Effects of culture conditions on biomass and active components of suspension cells of Panax quinquefolium]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2009 Feb; 34(4):375-8. doi: ". [PMID: 19459292]
  • Y G Wang, A V Zima, X Ji, R Pabbidi, L A Blatter, S L Lipsius. Ginsenoside Re suppresses electromechanical alternans in cat and human cardiomyocytes. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology. 2008 Aug; 295(2):H851-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01242.2007. [PMID: 18567703]
  • Li-Min Chen, Xiao-Mian Zhou, Ying-Lin Cao, Wen-Xiang Hu. Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2008 May; 10(5-6):439-45. doi: 10.1080/10286020801892292. [PMID: 18464084]
  • Jiang Zeng, Xiu-ming Cui, Jia-ming Zhou, Zhi-yong Jiang, Xue-mei Zhang, Ji-jun Chen. [Studies on chemical constituents from rhizomes of Panax notoginseng]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2007 Nov; 30(11):1388-91. doi: . [PMID: 18323204]
  • Guangtong Chen, Min Yang, Zhiqiang Lu, Jinqiang Zhang, Huilian Huang, Yan Liang, Shuhong Guan, Yan Song, Lijun Wu, De-an Guo. Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol-type saponins by Absidia coerulea. Journal of natural products. 2007 Jul; 70(7):1203-6. doi: 10.1021/np070053v. [PMID: 17629326]
  • Xiao-Mian Zhou, Ying-Lin Cao, De-Qiang Dou. Protective effect of ginsenoside-Re against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2006 Dec; 29(12):2502-5. doi: 10.1248/bpb.29.2502. [PMID: 17142990]
  • William C S Cho, Tai-Tung Yip, Wai-Shing Chung, Sally K W Lee, Albert W N Leung, Christopher H K Cheng, Kevin K M Yue. Altered expression of serum protein in ginsenoside Re-treated diabetic rats detected by SELDI-TOF MS. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006 Nov; 108(2):272-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.009. [PMID: 16797897]
  • William C S Cho, Wai-Shing Chung, Sally K W Lee, Albert W N Leung, Christopher H K Cheng, Kevin K M Yue. Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficacies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2006 Nov; 550(1-3):173-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.056. [PMID: 17027742]
  • Z N Ji, T T X Dong, W C Ye, R C Choi, C K Lo, K W K Tsim. Ginsenoside Re attenuate beta-amyloid and serum-free induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006 Aug; 107(1):48-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.004. [PMID: 16564145]
  • Yong-Wook Shin, Eun-Ah Bae, Sung-Soo Kim, Young-Chul Lee, Boo-Young Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim. The effects of ginsenoside Re and its metabolite, ginsenoside Rh1, on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate- and oxazolone-induced mouse dermatitis models. Planta medica. 2006 Mar; 72(4):376-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-916217. [PMID: 16557482]
  • Eun-Ah Bae, Ji-Eun Shin, Dong-Hyun Kim. Metabolism of ginsenoside Re by human intestinal microflora and its estrogenic effect. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2005 Oct; 28(10):1903-8. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.1903. [PMID: 16204943]
  • Xiang-Jun Mao, Chen-Feng Zhang, Di Sun, Long-Sheng Sheng, Guang-Ji Wang, Wen-Ying Liu. [Study on the extraction recovery of ginsenoside Re in plasma by different solid-phase cartridges]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2005 Oct; 30(19):1516-8. doi: . [PMID: 16335822]
  • Sangeeta Mehendale, Han Aung, Anbao Wang, Jun-Jie Yin, Chong-Zhi Wang, Jing-Tian Xie, Chun-Su Yuan. American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re attenuate cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2005 Jul; 56(1):63-9. doi: 10.1007/s00280-004-0956-1. [PMID: 15791456]
  • Jing-Tian Xie, Sangeeta R Mehendale, Xinmin Li, Richard Quigg, Xiaoyu Wang, Chong-Zhi Wang, Ji An Wu, Han H Aung, Paul A Rue, Graeme I Bell, Chun-Su Yuan. Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re in ob/ob mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2005 Jun; 1740(3):319-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.10.010. [PMID: 15949698]
  • Yi-ming Liu, Liu Yang, Xing Zeng, Yuan-hui Deng, Yi Feng, Wei-xiong Liang. [Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Shenmai injection]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2005 Apr; 40(4):365-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 16011269]
  • Ming Guo, Jin-Hui Wang, Jing-Yu Yang, Dan Zhu, Nan-Jie Xu, Gang Pei, Chun-Fu Wu, Xian Li. Roles of ginsenosides on morphine-induced hyperactivity and rewarding effect in mice. Planta medica. 2004 Jul; 70(7):688-90. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-827197. [PMID: 15303264]
  • Kun Zou, Zhao-xia Liu, Shu Zhu, Shao-qing Cai, Katsuko Komatsu. [Research of ginsenosides in kou zi qi using HPLC-MS-MS]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2004 May; 39(5):385-8. doi: ". [PMID: 15338885]
  • Jun Liu, Jia-yi Ding, Qian-yun Zhou, Lin He, Zheng-tao Wang. [Studies on influence of fungal elicitor on hairy root of Panax ginseng biosynthesis ginseng saponin and biomass]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2004 Apr; 29(4):302-5. doi: ". [PMID: 15706862]