Subcellular Location: Single-pass type III membrane protein

Kukoamine B

C28H42N4O6 (530.3104)

Kukoamine B (KB), a natural alkaloid compound with high affinity for both LPS and CpG DNA, was isolated from a traditional Chinese herb cortex Lycii. Kukoamine B, a novel dual inhibitor of LPS and CpG DNA, is a potential candidate for sepsis treatment. (PMID: 7487870) UK scientists at the Institute for Food Research have identified blood pressure-lowering compounds called kukoamines in potatoes. Previously only found in Lycium chinense, an exotic herbal plant whose bark is used to make an infusion in Chinese herbal medicine (http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=48) Kukoamine B is an amine. Kukoamine B is a natural product found in Lycium chinense and Solanum tuberosum with data available. Kukoamine B is a component of Lycii Cortex, with anti-oxidant, anti-acute inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties[1]. Kukoamine B is a component of Lycii Cortex, with anti-oxidant, anti-acute inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties[1].

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

Scoparone

C11H10O4 (206.0579)

Scoparone is a member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antilipemic drug, an immunosuppressive agent, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-allergic agent. It is a member of coumarins and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an esculetin. Scoparone is a natural product found in Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Haplophyllum thesioides, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics Scoparone is found in anise. Scoparone is found in several citrus oil D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Found in several citrus oils Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Tropoflavin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

7,8-dihydroxyflavone is a dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist, an antidepressant, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases[1]. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases[1].

Songorine

C22H31NO3 (357.2304)

Songorine is a kaurane diterpenoid. Songorine is a diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorine is a GABAA receptor antagonist in rat brain and has anti cancer, antiarrhythmic and anti-inflammatory activities. Songorine has the potential for the treatment of Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)[1]. Songorine is a diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorine is a GABAA receptor antagonist in rat brain and has anti cancer, antiarrhythmic and anti-inflammatory activities. Songorine has the potential for the treatment of Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)[1]. Songorine is a diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorine is a GABAA receptor antagonist in rat brain and has anti cancer, antiarrhythmic and anti-inflammatory activities. Songorine has the potential for the treatment of Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)[1].

Aconine

C25H41NO9 (499.2781)

A diterpene alkaloid with formula C25H41NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. Aconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C25H41NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and a xenobiotic. It is a bridged compound, a diterpene alkaloid, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether, a tertiary amino compound, a pentol, a secondary alcohol and a tertiary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Jesaconine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Aconitum, and Aconitum pendulum with data available. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Terpenoid alkaloids, Diterpene alkaloid, Aconitum alkaloid Aconine inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation. Aconine inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation.

Ruscogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Ruscogenin is a triterpenoid. Ruscogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline rubra, Cordyline banksii, and other organisms with data available. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2]. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2].

Nomilin

C28H34O9 (514.2203)

Nomilin is a limonoid. 1-(Acetyloxy)-1,2-dihydroobacunoic acid e-lactone is a natural product found in Citrus latipes, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Nomilin is found in lemon, sweet orange, and citrus. Nomilin is found in citrus. Nomilin is a constituent of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2]. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2].

Eriocitrin

C27H32O15 (596.1741)

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a trihydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid glycoside that can be found in plants like Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Thymus vulgaris. It shows important antioxidant activities. Isolated from Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaves and from Citrus subspecies Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1]. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1].

codonolactone

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

Atractylenolide III is a naphthofuran. It has a role as a metabolite. Atractylenolide III is a natural product found in Codonopsis canescens, Codonopsis subglobosa, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Atractylodes lancea. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Aurantio-obtusin

C17H14O7 (330.0739)

Aurantio-obtusin is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 8, and by a methyl group at position 6. Aurantio-obtusin is a natural product found in Senna obtusifolia and Senna tora with data available. Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3]. Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3].

Atractydin

C13H10O (182.0732)

Atractylodin is a member of furans. Atractylodin is a natural product found in Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes macrocephala, and other organisms with data available. Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an active component of the essential oil contained in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is natural insecticide and is active against Tribolium castaneum[1][2]. Atractylodin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an active component of the essential oil contained in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is natural insecticide and is active against Tribolium castaneum[1][2]. Atractylodin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Silicristin

C25H22O10 (482.1213)

Silychristin is a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a prostaglandin antagonist and a metabolite. It is a flavonolignan, a member of 1-benzofurans, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. Silicristin is a natural product found in Cunila, Anastatica hierochuntica, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from fruits of Silybum marianum (milk thistle). Silicristin is found in coffee and coffee products and green vegetables. Silicristin is found in coffee and coffee products. Silicristin is isolated from fruits of Silybum marianum (milk thistle). C26170 - Protective Agent > C2081 - Hepatoprotective Agent Silychristin is an abundant flavonolignan present in the fruits of Silybum marianum, with antioxidant properties. Silychristin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, and elicits a strong inhibition of T3 uptake with an IC50 of 110 nM[1][2]. Silychristin is an abundant flavonolignan present in the fruits of Silybum marianum, with antioxidant properties. Silychristin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, and elicits a strong inhibition of T3 uptake with an IC50 of 110 nM[1][2].

Cafestol

C20H28O3 (316.2038)

Cafestol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, a hypoglycemic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a diterpenoid, a member of furans and a primary alcohol. Cafestol is a natural product found in Coffea arabica, Diplospora dubia, and other organisms with data available. Cafestol is found in arabica coffee. Cafestol is a constituent of coffee bean oil. Cafestol is present in boiled-type coffee beverages. Possesses hypercholesterolaemic activity. Diterpenoid constits. of coffee products are associated with cardiotoxic properties Cafestol is a diterpene molecule present in coffee Cafestol is a diterpene molecule and is a constituent of coffee bean oil. It is found in boiled-type coffee beverages. Possesses hypercholesterolaemic activity. Diterpenoid constitsuents of coffee products are associated with cardiotoxic props. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1]. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1]. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1].

Afzelin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Afzelin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a glycosyloxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of an afzelin(1-). Afzelin is a natural product found in Premna odorata, Vicia tenuifolia, and other organisms with data available. [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_neg_30eV_1-1_01_1585.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_pos_20eV_1-1_01_1549.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_pos_10eV_1-1_01_1540.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_neg_10eV_1-1_01_1576.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_neg_20eV_1-1_01_1584.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_neg_40eV_1-1_01_1586.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_pos_30eV_1-1_01_1550.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_pos_50eV_1-1_01_1552.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_pos_40eV_1-1_01_1551.txt [Raw Data] CBA27_Afzelin_neg_50eV_1-1_01_1587.txt Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside) is is a flavonol glycoside found in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and is widely used in the preparation of antibacterial and antipyretic agents, detoxicants and for the treatment of inflammation. Afzelin attenuates the mitochondrial damage, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases the level of mitophagy-related proteins, parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. Afzelin improves the survival rate and reduces the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in D-galactosamine (GalN)/LPS -treated mice[1]. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin[1][2][3][4]. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside) is is a flavonol glycoside found in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and is widely used in the preparation of antibacterial and antipyretic agents, detoxicants and for the treatment of inflammation. Afzelin attenuates the mitochondrial damage, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases the level of mitophagy-related proteins, parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. Afzelin improves the survival rate and reduces the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in D-galactosamine (GalN)/LPS -treated mice[1].

Yatansin

C26H32O11 (520.1945)

Brusatol is a triterpenoid. Brusatol is a natural product found in Brucea javanica and Brucea mollis with data available. Brusatol (NSC?172924) is a unique inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway that sensitizes a broad spectrum of cancer cells to Cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic agents. Brusatol enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Brusatol can be developed into an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent[1]. Brusatol increases cellular apoptosis[2]. Brusatol (NSC?172924) is a unique inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway that sensitizes a broad spectrum of cancer cells to Cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic agents. Brusatol enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Brusatol can be developed into an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent[1]. Brusatol increases cellular apoptosis[2].

Gomisin G

C30H32O9 (536.2046)

Gomisin G is a natural product found in Kadsura heteroclita, Schisandra henryi, and other organisms with data available. See also: Schisandra chinensis fruit (part of). Gomisin G is an ethanolic extract of the stems of Kadsura interior; exhibits potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic index (TI) values of 0.006 microgram/mL and 300, respectively. Gomisin G is an ethanolic extract of the stems of Kadsura interior; exhibits potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic index (TI) values of 0.006 microgram/mL and 300, respectively.

1,3,6-Trigalloyl_glucose

C27H24O18 (636.0963)

Gallotannin is a class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). It is functionally related to a gallic acid. 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose is a natural product found in Euphorbia lunulata with data available. 1,3,6-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (1,3,6-Tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is a phenolic compound in Black Walnut Kernels[1]. 1,3,6-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (1,3,6-Tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is a phenolic compound in Black Walnut Kernels[1].

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Procyanidin C1 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. It has a role as a metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Procyanidin C1 is a natural product found in Campylotropis hirtella, Cinnamomum verum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Maritime Pine (part of). Procyanidin C1 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). (Wikipedia). Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). [Wikipedia] A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

Myristoleate (14:1n5)

C14H26O2 (226.1933)

Myristoleic acid, also known as 9-tetradecenoate or myristoleate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristoleic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Myristoleic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, myristoleic acid is found in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), butter, and margarine-like spreads, and in a lower concentration in creams, meat bouillons, and chocolates. Myristoleic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as anchovies, loganberries, sunflowers, yellow zucchinis, and dates. This could make myristoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that represents approximately 0.3-0.7\\\\% of the total fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triacylglycerol in humans (PMID: 10393134). It has been suggested that its effective cytotoxic (i.e. cell death inducer) activity could be used for the treatment of prostate cancer (PMID: 11304730). Myristoleic acid is a tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor. It is a tetradecenoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a myristoleate. Myristoleic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Erucaria microcarpa, and other organisms with data available. Myristoleic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects. Occurs in natural fats, e.g. Cottonseed oil KEIO_ID M044 Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1]. Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1].

Cis-Hydroxyproline

C5H9NO3 (131.0582)

Cis 4-hydroxyproline, also known as L-allo-hydroxyproline or (2s,4s)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, belongs to proline and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Cis 4-hydroxyproline is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis 4-hydroxyproline can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, wheat, nanking cherry, and oat, which makes cis 4-hydroxyproline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline is l-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration). It has a role as a metabolite. It is a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a 4-hydroxyproline. It is a tautomer of a cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline zwitterion. A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. cis-4-Hydroxyproline is classified as a proline derivative. It is considered to be a soluble (in water), acidic compound. cis-4-Hydroxyproline can be found in numerous foods such as dills, green zucchinis, saskatoon berries, and Japanese pumpkins. L-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration). [Spectral] 4-Hydroxy-L-proline (exact mass = 131.05824) and L-Threonine (exact mass = 119.05824) and Taurine (exact mass = 125.01466) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. KEIO_ID H004 cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors[1][2][3][4]. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors[1][2][3][4]. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.

Methyldopa

C10H13NO4 (211.0845)

Methyl dopa appears as colorless or almost colorless crystals or white to yellowish-white fine powder. Almost tasteless. In the sesquihydrate form. pH (saturated aqueous solution) about 5.0. (NTP, 1992) Alpha-methyl-L-dopa is a derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. It has a role as a hapten, an antihypertensive agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a peripheral nervous system drug and a sympatholytic agent. It is a L-tyrosine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. Methyldopa, or α-methyldopa, is a centrally acting sympatholytic agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is an analog of DOPA (3,4‐hydroxyphenylanine), and it is a prodrug, meaning that the drug requires biotransformation to an active metabolite for therapeutic effects. Methyldopa works by binding to alpha(α)-2 adrenergic receptors as an agonist, leading to the inhibition of adrenergic neuronal outflow and reduction of vasoconstrictor adrenergic signals. Methyldopa exists in two isomers D-α-methyldopa and L-α-methyldopa, which is the active form. First introduced in 1960 as an antihypertensive agent, methyldopa was considered to be useful in certain patient populations, such as pregnant women and patients with renal insufficiency. Since then, methyldopa was largely replaced by newer, better-tolerated antihypertensive agents; however, it is still used as monotherapy or in combination with [hydrochlorothiazide]. Methyldopa is also available as intravenous injection, which is used to manage hypertension when oral therapy is unfeasible and to treat hypertensive crisis. Methyldopa anhydrous is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of methyldopa anhydrous is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist. Methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa or α-methyldopa) is a centrally active sympatholytic agent that has been used for more than 50 years for the treatment of hypertension. Methyldopa has been clearly linked to instances of acute and chronic liver injury that can be severe and even fatal. Methyldopa is a phenylalanine derivative and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Methyldopa is a prodrug and is metabolized in the central nervous system. The antihypertensive action of methyldopa seems to be attributable to its conversion into alpha-methylnorepinephrine, which is a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that binds to and stimulates potent central inhibitory alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. This results in a decrease in sympathetic outflow and decreased blood pressure. Methyldopa or alpha-methyldopa (brand names Aldomet, Apo-Methyldopa, Dopamet, Novomedopa) is a centrally-acting adrenergic antihypertensive medication. Its use is now deprecated following introduction of alternative safer classes of agents. However it continues to have a role in otherwise difficult to treat hypertension and gestational hypertension (formerly known as pregnancy-induced hypertension). Methyldopa is an aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor in animals and in man. Only methyldopa, the L-isomer of alpha-methyldopa, has the ability to inhibit dopa decarboxylase and to deplete animal tissues of norepinephrine. In man the antihypertensive activity appears to be due solely to the L-isomer. About twice the dose of the racemate (DL-alpha-methyldopa) is required for equal antihypertensive effect. Methyldopa has no direct effect on cardiac function and usually does not reduce glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or filtration fraction. Cardiac output usually is maintained without cardiac acceleration. In some patients the heart rate is slowed. Normal or elevated plasma renin activity may decrease in the course of methyldopa therapy. Methyldopa reduces both supine and standing blood pressure. Methyldopa usually produces highly effective lowering of the supine pressure with infrequent symptomatic postural hypotension. Exercise hy... Methyldopa or alpha-methyldopa (brand names Aldomet, Apo-Methyldopa, Dopamet, Novomedopa) is a centrally-acting adrenergic antihypertensive medication. Its use is now deprecated following introduction of alternative safer classes of agents. However it continues to have a role in otherwise difficult to treat hypertension and gestational hypertension (formerly known as pregnancy-induced hypertension). Methyldopa is an aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor in animals and in man. Only methyldopa, the L-isomer of alpha-methyldopa, has the ability to inhibit dopa decarboxylase and to deplete animal tissues of norepinephrine. In man the antihypertensive activity appears to be due solely to the L-isomer. About twice the dose of the racemate (DL-alpha-methyldopa) is required for equal antihypertensive effect. Methyldopa has no direct effect on cardiac function and usually does not reduce glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or filtration fraction. Cardiac output usually is maintained without cardiac acceleration. In some patients the heart rate is slowed. Normal or elevated plasma renin activity may decrease in the course of methyldopa therapy. Methyldopa reduces both supine and standing blood pressure. Methyldopa usually produces highly effective lowering of the supine pressure with infrequent symptomatic postural hypotension. Exercise hypotension and diurnal blood pressure variations rarely occur. Methyldopa, in its active metabolite form, is a central alpha-2 receptor agonist. Using methyldopa leads to alpha-2 receptor-negative feedback to sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (centrally and peripherally), allowing peripheral sympathetic nervous system tone to decrease. Such activity leads to a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and cardiac output. When introduced it was a mainstay of antihypertensive therapy, but its use has declined, with increased use of other safer classes of agents. One of its important present-day uses is in the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension, as it is relatively safe in pregnancy compared to other antihypertensive drugs (Wikipedia). Methyldopa or alpha-methyldopa (brand names Aldomet, Apo-Methyldopa, Dopamet, Novomedopa) is a centrally-acting adrenergic antihypertensive medication. Its use is now deprecated following introduction of alternative safer classes of agents. However it continues to have a role in otherwise difficult to treat hypertension and gestational hypertension (formerly known as pregnancy-induced hypertension).; Methyldopa is an aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor in animals and in man. Only methyldopa, the L-isomer of alpha-methyldopa, has the ability to inhibit dopa decarboxylase and to deplete animal tissues of norepinephrine. In man the antihypertensive activity appears to be due solely to the L-isomer. About twice the dose of the racemate (DL-alpha-methyldopa) is required for equal antihypertensive effect. Methyldopa has no direct effect on cardiac function and usually does not reduce glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or filtration fraction. Cardiac output usually is maintained without cardiac acceleration. In some patients the heart rate is slowed. Normal or elevated plasma renin activity may decrease in the course of methyldopa therapy. Methyldopa reduces both supine and standing blood pressure. Methyldopa usually produces highly effective lowering of the supine pressure with infrequent symptomatic postural hypotension. Exercise hypotension and diurnal blood pressure variations rarely occur.; Methyldopa, in its active metabolite form, is a central alpha-2 receptor agonist. Using methyldopa leads to alpha-2 receptor-negative feedback to sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (centrally and peripherally), allowing peripheral sympathetic nervous system tone to decrease. Such activity leads to a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and cardiac output.; When introduced it was a mainstay of antihypertensive therapy, but its use has declined, with increased use of other safer classes of agents. One of its important present-day uses is in the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension, as it is relatively safe in pregnancy compared to other antihypertensive drugs. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AB - Methyldopa D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist Methyldopa (L-(-)-α-Methyldopa), a potent antihyoertensive agent, is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors). Methyldopa is a proagent and is metabolized (α-Methylepinephrine) in the central nervous system[1][2].

Hyoscyamine

C17H23NO3 (289.1678)

Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a bronchodilator agent, a plant metabolite, an antidote to sarin poisoning and a oneirogen. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine. Atropine is an alkaloid originally synthesized from Atropa belladonna. It is a racemic mixture of d-and l-hyoscyamine, of which only l-hyoscyamine is pharmacologically active. Atropine is generally available as a sulfate salt and can be administered by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraosseous, endotracheal and ophthalmic methods. Oral atropine is only available in combination products. Atropine is a competitive, reversible antagonist of muscarinic receptors that blocks the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It has a variety of therapeutic applications, including pupil dilation and the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning and symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible causes. Atropine is a relatively inexpensive drug and is included in the World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines. Atropine is an Anticholinergic and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of atropine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. Atropine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Anthocercis ilicifolia, and other organisms with data available. Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2292 INTERNAL_ID 2292; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3334 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents KEIO_ID A080; [MS2] KO008864 KEIO_ID A080 Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].

(+)-Epicatechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

(+)-epicatechin is a catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-epicatechin. (+)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Gambeya perpulchra, Pavetta owariensis, and other organisms with data available. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. ent-Epicatechin is found in many foods, some of which are tea, apple, star fruit, and common buckwheat. A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). (+)-Epicatechin is found in apple. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Trigonelline (N'-methylnicotinate)

C7H7NO2 (137.0477)

Trigonelline, also known as caffearin or gynesine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. It is also found in coffee, where it may help to prevent dental caries by preventing the bacteria Streptococcus mutans from adhering to teeth. Trigonelline is an alkaloid with chemical formula C7H7NO2 and CAS number 535-83-1. Trigonelline is a product of the metabolism of niacin (vitamin B3) which is excreted in the urine. High amounts of trigonelline have been found in arabica coffee, fenugreeks, and common peas. Another foods such as yellow bell peppers, orange bellpeppers and muskmelons also contain trigonelline but in lower concentrations. Trigonelline has also been detected but not quantified in several different foods, such as rices, triticales, alfalfa, cereals and cereal products, and ryes. Trigonelline in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of coffee, legumes and soy products. Alkaloid from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (Leguminosae), and very many other subspecies; also present in coffee beans and many animals. Trigonelline is an alkaloid with chemical formula C7H7NO2 and CAS number 535-83-1. It is found in coffee, where it may help to prevent dental caries by preventing the bacteria Streptococcus mutans from adhering to teeth.; Trigonelline is an alkaloid with chemical formula C7H7NO2. It is an inner salt formed by the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of niacin. Trigonelline is a product of the metabolism of niacin (vitamin B3) which is excreted in the urine. Trigonelline in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of coffee, legumes and soy products. N-methylnicotinate is an iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food component and a human urinary metabolite. It is an iminium betaine and an alkaloid. It is functionally related to a nicotinate. It is a conjugate base of a N-methylnicotinic acid. Trigonelline is a natural product found in Hypoestes phyllostachya, Schumanniophyton magnificum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 52 KEIO_ID T060 Trigonelline is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity and induces ferroptosis. Trigonelline is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity and induces ferroptosis.

p-Anisic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

p-Anisic acid, also known as 4-anisate or draconic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives. These are benzoic acids in which the hydrogen atom at position 4 of the benzene ring is replaced by a methoxy group. p-Anisic acid is a drug. p-Anisic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. p-Anisic acid is a faint, sweet, and cadaverous tasting compound. Outside of the human body, p-anisic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as anises, cocoa beans, fennels, and german camomiles. This could make p-anisic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols and soluble in ether, and ethyl acetate. p-Anisic acid has antiseptic properties. It is also used as an intermediate in the preparation of more complex organic compounds. It is generally obtained by the oxidation of anethole or p-methoxyacetophenone. The term "anisic acid" often refers to this form specifically. p-Anisic acid is found naturally in anise. 4-methoxybenzoic acid is a methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-methoxybenzoate. 4-Methoxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Annona purpurea, and other organisms with data available. Anisic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Flavouring agent. Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan. 2001) A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS KEIO_ID A154 p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

Physostigmine

C15H21N3O2 (275.1634)

Physostigmine is a white, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Used as a cholinergic (anticholinesterase) agent and as a veterinary medication. (EPA, 1998) Physostigmine is a carbamate ester and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as a miotic, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and an antidote to curare poisoning. A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. Physostigmine is a natural product found in Streptomyces griseofuscus, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available. A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. See also: Physostigmine Salicylate (active moiety of). A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. [PubChem] S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D008916 - Miotics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID E007; [MS2] KO008958 KEIO_ID E007

Angoline

C22H21NO5 (379.142)

Angoline is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid. Angoline is a natural product found in Bocconia arborea, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, and other organisms with data available. Angoline is a potent and selective IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.56 μM. Angoline inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and its target gene expression, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation[1].

Octanal

C8H16O (128.1201)

Octanal, also known as 1-caprylaldehyde or aldehyde C-8, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, octanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). Octanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Octanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Octanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. Octanal is commonly found in high concentrations in limes, caraway, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine) and in lower concentrations in wild carrots and carrots. Octanal has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cherry tomato, brussel sprouts, alaska wild rhubarbs, sweet marjorams, and sunflowers. N-octylaldehyde is a colorless liquids with a strong fruity odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Flash points 125 °F. Used in making perfumes and flavorings. Octanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. Octanal is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Thymus zygioides, and other organisms with data available. Octanal is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolated from various plant oils especies Citrus subspeciesand is also present in kumquat peel oil, cardamom, coriander, caraway and other herbs. Flavouring agent, used in artificial citrus formulations A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1]. Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1].

24,25-Dihydrolanosterol

C30H52O (428.4018)

24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a lanosterol. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is a natural product found in Euphorbia sapinii, Heterobasidion annosum, and other organisms with data available. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steriods. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is reversibly converted to lanosterol by delta24-sterol reductase [EC:1.3.1.72]. A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol (Lanostenol) is a component of the seeds of red pepper (Capsicum annuum)[1].

2-Aminoisobutyric acid

C4H9NO2 (103.0633)

2-Aminoisobutyric acid, also known as alpha-methylalanine or a-aminoisobutanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). 2-Aminoisobutyric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Aminoisobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 2-Aminoisobutyric acid has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk. Aminoisobutyric acid is a nonprotein amino acid (is an end product of pyrimidine metabolism) excreted in the urine of about 5\\\\\% of healthy individuals (PMID 14806475), and high excretion is an autosomal recessive phenotype (PMID 13058271). 2-aminoisobutyric acid is a rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays. It is functionally related to a propionic acid and an isobutyric acid. It is a tautomer of a 2-aminoisobutanoic acid zwitterion. 2-Aminoisobutyric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Aminoisobutyric acid is a nonprotein amino acid (is an end product of pyrimidine metabolism) excreted in the urine of about 5\\\\\% of healthy individuals (PMID 14806475), and high excretion is an autosomal recessive phenotype (PMID 13058271) [HMDB] A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays. Aminoisobutyric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=765258-64-8 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 62-57-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). NSC 16590 inhibits the production of endogenous ethylene in the cotyledonary segments of cocklebur. NSC 16590 inhibits the production of endogenous ethylene in the cotyledonary segments of cocklebur.

Paraxanthine

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

Paraxanthine, also known as p-xanthine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. Paraxanthine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, paraxanthine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, paraxanthine and formaldehyde can be biosynthesized from caffeine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2. In addition, paraxanthine and acetyl-CoA can be converted into 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil through its interaction with the enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2. In humans, paraxanthine is involved in caffeine metabolism. 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine) is the preferential path of caffeine metabolism in humans. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, provides protection against Dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of Ryanodine Receptor Channels.

Dimethyl phthalate

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10088; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10085 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10088; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10066; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10061 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10128 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10160 P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3673 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 195 D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives ATC code: P03BX02

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Di(n-octyl) phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or dehp, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Di(n-octyl) phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 198 D010968 - Plasticizers DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite.

Alachlor

C14H20ClNO2 (269.1182)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9585; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9582 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9550; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9545 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9512; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9510 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9542; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9539 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9490; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9488 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 803; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9537 Selective preemergent herbicide used on food crop CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 274 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3225 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Diethyltoluamide

C12H17NO (191.131)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 213 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3353 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4176 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8223 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8797 D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals Same as: D02379

Cyprodinil

C14H15N3 (225.1266)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9314; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9312 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9293; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9292 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9313; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9312 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9269; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9268 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9257; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9256 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9258; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9257 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 148 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2569 KEIO_ID C172; [MS2] KO008908 Cyprodinil is a fungicide. Cyprodinil is a fungicide KEIO_ID C172

Pyrimethanil

C12H13N3 (199.1109)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8499; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8497 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8504; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8502 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8481; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8479 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8459; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8457 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8532; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8531 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2712 Pyrimethanil is a fungicide used on grape vines. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Fungicide used on grape vines. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Terbuthylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9016; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9014 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9020; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9092; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9087 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9043; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9038; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9037 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3676 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8413 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4032 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2-Methylpyridine

C6H7N (93.0578)

2-methylpyridine, also known as 2-picoline or 2-mepy, is a member of the class of compounds known as methylpyridines. Methylpyridines are organic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at one or more positions by a methyl group. 2-methylpyridine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). 2-methylpyridine is a bitter and sweat tasting compound found in tea, which makes 2-methylpyridine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 2-methylpyridine can be found primarily in saliva. 2-methylpyridine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-Methylpyridine, or 2-picoline, is the compound described with formula C6H7N. 2-Picoline is a colorless liquid that has an unpleasant odor similar to pyridine. It is mainly used to make vinylpyridine and the agrichemical nitrapyrin . 2-Methylpyridine, or 2-picoline, is the compound described with formula C6H7N. 2-Picoline is a colorless liquid that has an unpleasant odor similar to pyridine. Pyridines including 2-picoline are most crudely prepared by the reaction of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide.

3-Methylindole

C9H9N (131.0735)

3-Methylindole, or skatole, belongs to the indole family and has a methyl substituent in position 3 of the indole ring. It occurs naturally in feces, beets, and coal tar, and has a strong fecal odor. Its name is derived from skato, the Greek word for dung. It exists as a white crystalline or fine powder solid, and it browns upon aging. 3-Methylindole is produced from tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract where tryptophan is converted to indoleacetic acid, which decarboxylates to give the methylindole. These reactions are largely driven by the microbiota in the digestive tract. 3-Methylindole is soluble in alcohol and benzene and it gives violet color in potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O) mixed with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Skatole has a double ring system which displays aromaticity that comes from the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. It is continuous (all atoms in the ring are sp2 hybridized), planar, and follows the 4n+2 rule because it has 10 pi electrons. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, skatole was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. This is because in low concentrations skatole has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms, jasmine, and Ziziphus mauritiana. As a result, skatole/3-methylindole is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as a general aroma compound for other applications. 3-Methylindole has been found to be a bacterial metabolite of members of the Clostridium (PMID: 18223109) and Lactobacillus (PMID: 16345702) families. Skatole functions as an insect attractant and is one of many compounds that are attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait for these bees for study (PMID: 12647866). It is also known for being an attractant for the Tasmanian grass grub beetle (Aphodius tasmaniae). Skatole has also been shown to be an attractant to gravid mosquitoes in both field and laboratory conditions (PMID: 24242053). 3-methylindole, also known as skatol or 3-methyl-4,5-benzopyrrole, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-methylindoles. 3-methylindoles are aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain an indole moiety substituted at the 3-position with a methyl group. 3-methylindole is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-methylindole is a very strong, animal, and civet tasting compound found in common beet and red beetroot, which makes 3-methylindole a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-methylindole can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound belonging to the indole family. It occurs naturally in feces (it is produced from tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract) and coal tar and has a strong fecal odor. In low concentrations, it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms, jasmine, and Ziziphus mauritiana. It is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as an aroma compound. Its name is derived from the Greek root skato- meaning "dung". Skatole was discovered in 1877 by the German physician Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919). Skatole is also used by U.S. military in its non-lethal weaponry; specifically, malodorants . Skatole. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=83-34-1 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 83-34-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1]. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1].

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide

C4H6N4O (126.0542)

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide is an imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases. -- Pubchem. An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases. -- Pubchem [HMDB] KEIO_ID A136 5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICA) is an important precursor for the synthesis of purines in general and of the nucleobases adenine and guanine in particular.

Aminoadipic acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

Aminoadipic acid (CAS: 542-32-5), also known as 2-aminoadipate, is a metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It is an intermediate in the metabolism (i.e. breakdown or degradation) of lysine and saccharopine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Aminoadipic acid has also been shown to inhibit the production of kynurenic acid, a broad spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, in brain tissue slices (PMID: 8566117). Recent studies have shown that aminoadipic acid is elevated in prostate biopsy tissues from prostate cancer patients (PMID: 23737455). Mutations in DHTKD1 (dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1) have been shown to cause human 2-aminoadipic aciduria and 2-oxoadipic aciduria via impaired decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate to glutaryl-CoA, which is the last step in the lysine degradation pathway (PMID: 23141293). Aging, diabetes, sepsis, and renal failure are known to catalyze the oxidation of lysyl residues to form 2-aminoadipic acid in human skin collagen and potentially other tissues (PMID: 18448817). Proteolytic breakdown of these tissues can lead to the release of free 2-aminoadipic acid. Studies in rats indicate that aminoadipic acid (along with the three branched-chain amino acids: leucine, valine, and isoleucine) levels are elevated in the pre-diabetic phase and so aminoadipic acid may serve as a predictive biomarker for the development of diabetes (PMID: 15389298). Long-term hyperglycemia of endothelial cells can also lead to elevated levels of aminoadipate which is thought to be a sign of lysine breakdown through oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PMID: 21961526). 2-Aminoadipate is a potential small-molecule marker of oxidative stress (PMID: 21647514). Therefore, depending on the circumstances aminoadipic acid can act as an acidogen, a diabetogen, an atherogen, and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A diabetogen is a compound that can lead to type 2 diabetes. An atherogen is a compound that leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of aminoadipic acid are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism including 2-aminoadipic aciduria and 2-oxoadipic aciduria. Aminoadipic acid is an organic acid and abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. As a diabetogen, serum aminoadipic levels appear to regulate glucose homeostasis and have been highly predictive of individuals who later develop diabetes (PMID: 24091325). In particular, aminoadipic acid lowers fasting plasma glucose levels and enhances insulin secretion from human islets. As an atherogen, aminoadipic acid has been found to be produced at high levels via protein lysine oxidation in atherosclerotic plaques (PMID: 28069522). A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate; (NMDA). L-α-Aminoadipic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1118-90-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1118-90-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine. Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.

D-Alanyl-D-alanine

C6H12N2O3 (160.0848)

The ATP-dependent carboxylate-amine/thiol ligase superfamily is known to contain enzymes catalyzing the formation of various types of peptide, one of which is d-alanyl-d-alanine.(PMID: 16030213). The glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin acts by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the cell wall precursor lipid II in the cytoplasmic membrane.(PMID: 17418637). D-alanine-D-alanine ligase from Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 (TmDdl) was a useful biocatalyst for synthesizing D-amino acid dipeptides.D-Alanine-D-alanine ligase (Ddl) catalyzes the biosynthesis of an essential bacterial peptidoglycan precursor D-alanyl-D-alanine and it represents an important target for development of new antibacterial drugs. (PMID: 17267218). D-Alanyl-D-alanine is a microbial metabolite. Alanyl-alanine, also known as ala-ala or A-a dipeptide, is a member of the class of compounds known as dipeptides. Dipeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. Alanyl-alanine is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alanyl-alanine can be found in chives, which makes alanyl-alanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Alanyl-alanine can be found primarily in feces. Alanyl-alanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D-Ala-D-Ala constitutes the terminus of the peptide part of the peptidoglycan monomer unit and is involved in the transpeptidation reaction as the substrate. D-Ala-D-Ala is catalyzed by D-Alanine-D-Alanine ligase. D-Ala-D-Ala is a bacterial endogenous metabolite[1][2].

Debrisoquine

C10H13N3 (175.1109)

Debrisoquine is an adrenergic neuron-blocking drug. Genetic and environmental factors are determinants of the interindividual and interethnic variability in drug metabolism. Thus, interethnic differences in debrisoquine hydroxylation polymorphism (Cytochrome p450, subfamily IID, polypeptide 6, CYP2D6) might be partly responsible for the variation in haloperidol disposition between races. The influence of tobacco, ethanol, caffeine, gender, and oral contraceptive use on the debrisoquine metabolic ratio (MR) has been analyzed in panels of healthy volunteers. About 5-10\\% of European white population has a genetically determinant defect of the CYP2D6, one of the enzymes of cytochrome P-450. This defect leads to the impaired metabolism of many drugs including various psychopharmacological agents. The measurement of the hydroxylation of debrisoquine is a laboratory test which allows identifying such an individual. Patients who show an impaired hydroxylation of debrisoquine usually demonstrate severe side effects and poor outcome of psychopharmacotherapy. In practice, knowledge of a patients debrisoquine metabolic phenotype is an advantage when prescribing tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics, as the drug concentration will be considerably higher in slow metabolisers than in the average patient. (PMID: 8839686, 1738265, 7878155) [HMDB] Debrisoquine is an adrenergic neuron-blocking drug. Genetic and environmental factors are determinants of the interindividual and interethnic variability in drug metabolism. Thus, interethnic differences in debrisoquine hydroxylation polymorphism (Cytochrome p450, subfamily IID, polypeptide 6, CYP2D6) might be partly responsible for the variation in haloperidol disposition between races. The influence of tobacco, ethanol, caffeine, gender, and oral contraceptive use on the debrisoquine metabolic ratio (MR) has been analyzed in panels of healthy volunteers. About 5-10\\% of European white population has a genetically determinant defect of the CYP2D6, one of the enzymes of cytochrome P-450. This defect leads to the impaired metabolism of many drugs including various psychopharmacological agents. The measurement of the hydroxylation of debrisoquine is a laboratory test which allows identifying such an individual. Patients who show an impaired hydroxylation of debrisoquine usually demonstrate severe side effects and poor outcome of psychopharmacotherapy. In practice, knowledge of a patients debrisoquine metabolic phenotype is an advantage when prescribing tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics, as the drug concentration will be considerably higher in slow metabolisers than in the average patient. (PMID: 8839686, 1738265, 7878155). C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CC - Guanidine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map ATC code: C02CC04 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Glycerate

C3H6O4 (106.0266)

Glyceric acid is a colourless syrupy acid, obtained from oxidation of glycerol. It is a compound that is secreted excessively in the urine by patients suffering from D-glyceric aciduria, an inborn error of metabolism, and D-glycerate anemia. Deficiency of human glycerate kinase leads to D-glycerate acidemia/D-glyceric aciduria. Symptoms of the disease include progressive neurological impairment, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive, and metabolic acidosis. At sufficiently high levels, glyceric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Glyceric acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated glyceric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. Elevated values may also be due to microbial sources such as yeast (Aspergillus, Penicillium, probably Candida) or due to dietary sources containing glycerol (glycerine). Glyceric acid is isolated from various plants (e.g. brassicas, pulses, and Vicia faba). A colorless syrupy acid, obtained from oxidation of glycerol. It is a compound that is secreted excessively in the urine by patients suffering from D-glyceric aciduria and D-glycerate anemia. Deficiency of human glycerate kinase leads to D-glycerate acidemia/D-glyceric aciduria. Symptoms of the disease include progressive neurological impairment, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis.; Glyceric acid is a natural three-carbon sugar acid. Salts and esters of glyceric acid are known as glycerates. Glyceric acid is found in many foods, some of which are peanut, common grape, garden tomato (variety), and french plantain. Glyceric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=473-81-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 473-81-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

5,6-Dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

Dihydrothymine (CAS: 696-04-8) is an intermediate breakdown product of thymine. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of thymine into 5,6-dihydrothymine; then dihydropyrimidinase hydrolyzes 5,6-dihydrothymine into N-carbamyl-beta-alanine. Finally, beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine into beta-alanine. When present at abnormally high levels, dihydrothymine can be toxic, although the mechanism of toxicity is not clear. In particular, patients with dihydropyrimidinase deficiency exhibit highly increased concentrations of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine; and moderately increased concentrations of uracil and thymine can be detected in urine. Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency is a disorder that can cause neurological and gastrointestinal problems in some affected individuals. The most common neurological abnormalities that occur are intellectual disability, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), abnormally small head size (microcephaly), and autistic behaviours that affect communication and social interaction. Gastrointestinal problems that occur in dihydropyrimidinase deficiency include the backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux) and recurrent episodes of vomiting. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

Homocysteine

C4H9NO2S (135.0354)

A high level of blood serum homocysteine is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, one study which attempted to decrease the risk by lowering homocysteine was not fruitful. This study was conducted on nearly 5000 Norwegian heart attack survivors who already had severe, late-stage heart disease. No study has yet been conducted in a preventive capacity on subjects who are in a relatively good state of health.; Elevated levels of homocysteine have been linked to increased fractures in elderly persons. The high level of homocysteine will auto-oxidize and react with reactive oxygen intermediates and damage endothelial cells and has a higher risk to form a thrombus. Homocysteine does not affect bone density. Instead, it appears that homocysteine affects collagen by interfering with the cross-linking between the collagen fibers and the tissues they reinforce. Whereas the HOPE-2 trial showed a reduction in stroke incidence, in those with stroke there is a high rate of hip fractures in the affected side. A trial with 2 homocysteine-lowering vitamins (folate and B12) in people with prior stroke, there was an 80\\\\\\% reduction in fractures, mainly hip, after 2 years. Interestingly, also here, bone density (and the number of falls) were identical in the vitamin and the placebo groups.; Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and Vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 \\\\\\%, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocysteinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD. (PMID 17136938, 15630149); Homocysteine is an amino acid with the formula HSCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene (-CH2-) group. It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal C? methyl group. Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of B-vitamins.; Studies reported in 2006 have shown that giving vitamins [folic acid, B6 and B12] to reduce homocysteine levels may not quickly offer benefit, however a significant 25\\\\\\% reduction in stroke was found in the HOPE-2 study even in patients mostly with existing serious arterial decline although the overall death rate was not significantly changed by the intervention in the trial. Clearly, reducing homocysteine does not quickly repair existing... Homocysteine (CAS: 454-29-5) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 \\\\\\%, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocystinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD (PMID: 17136938 , 15630149). Moreover, homocysteine is found to be associated with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, cystathioninuria, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, and sulfite oxidase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. [Spectral] L-Homocysteine (exact mass = 135.0354) and L-Valine (exact mass = 117.07898) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Homocysteine is biosynthesized naturally via a multi-step process.[9] First, methionine receives an adenosine group from ATP, a reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase, to give S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e). SAM-e then transfers the methyl group to an acceptor molecule, (e.g., norepinephrine as an acceptor during epinephrine synthesis, DNA methyltransferase as an intermediate acceptor in the process of DNA methylation). The adenosine is then hydrolyzed to yield L-homocysteine. L-Homocysteine has two primary fates: conversion via tetrahydrofolate (THF) back into L-methionine or conversion to L-cysteine.[10] Biosynthesis of cysteine Mammals biosynthesize the amino acid cysteine via homocysteine. Cystathionine β-synthase catalyses the condensation of homocysteine and serine to give cystathionine. This reaction uses pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a cofactor. Cystathionine γ-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and α-ketobutyrate. Bacteria and plants rely on a different pathway to produce cysteine, relying on O-acetylserine.[11] Methionine salvage Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine. This process uses N5-methyl tetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor and cobalamin (vitamin B12)-related enzymes. More detail on these enzymes can be found in the article for methionine synthase. Other reactions of biochemical significance Homocysteine can cyclize to give homocysteine thiolactone, a five-membered heterocycle. Because of this "self-looping" reaction, homocysteine-containing peptides tend to cleave themselves by reactions generating oxidative stress.[12] Homocysteine also acts as an allosteric antagonist at Dopamine D2 receptors.[13] It has been proposed that both homocysteine and its thiolactone may have played a significant role in the appearance of life on the early Earth.[14] L-Homocysteine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=454-28-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 6027-13-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. L-Homocysteine, a homocysteine metabolite, is a homocysteine that has L configuration. L-Homocysteine induces upregulation of cathepsin V that mediates vascular endothelial inflammation in hyperhomocysteinaemia[1][2].

Methionine sulfoxide

C5H11NO3S (165.046)

Methionine sulfoxide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Methionine sulfoxide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, methionine sulfoxide participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, methionine sulfoxide can be biosynthesized from L-methionine through its interaction with the enzyme methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B3. In addition, methionine sulfoxide can be biosynthesized from L-methionine through the action of the enzyme methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase b2, mitochondrial. In humans, methionine sulfoxide is involved in the metabolic disorder called hypermethioninemia. Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species via 2-electron-dependent mechanism. Such oxidants can be generated from activated neutrophils; therefore, methionine sulfoxide can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo. (PMID 12576054) [HMDB]. Methionine sulfoxide is found in many foods, some of which are romaine lettuce, white cabbage, dill, and yellow bell pepper. L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH), a metabolite of Methionine, induces M1/classical macrophage polarization, and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters[1]. Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo. Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.

Morphine-3-glucuronide

C23H27NO9 (461.1686)

Morphine-3-glucuronide belongs to the family of Morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants

N-alpha-acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N2-Acetylornithine, also known as N(alpha)-acetylornithine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids. These are N-acylated alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. N-Acetylornithine is a minor component of the deproteinized blood plasma of human blood. Human blood plasma contains a variable amount of acetylornithine, averaging 1.1 +/- 0.4 umol/L (range 0.8-0.2 umol/L). Urine contains a very small amount of acetylornithine, approximately 1 nmol/mg creatinine (1 umol/day) (PMID:508804). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 160 KEIO_ID A032 N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Pirimiphos-methyl

C11H20N3O3PS (305.0963)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4028 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2575 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8410 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Baclofen

C10H12ClNO2 (213.0557)

Baclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03B - Muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1]. Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].

Etomidate

C14H16N2O2 (244.1212)

Etomidate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an midazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic. [PubChem]Etomidate binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Iodotyrosine

C9H10INO3 (306.9705)

Iodotyrosine is an iodated derivative of L-tyrosine. This is an early precursor to L-thyroxine, one of the primary thyroid hormones. In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. Before trapped iodide can react with tyrosine residues, it must be oxidized by thyroid peroxidase. Iodotyrosine is made from tyrosine via thyroid peroxidase and then further iodinated by this enzyme to make the di-iodo and tri-iodo variants. Two molecules of di-iodotyrosine combine to form T4, and one molecule of mono-iodotyrosine combines with one molecule of di-iodotyrosine to form T3. An iodated derivative of L-tyrosine. This is an early precursor to L-thyroxine, one of the primary thyroid hormones. In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. Before trapped iodide can react with tyrosine residues, it must be oxidized by thyroid peroxidase. Iodotyrosine is made from tyrosine via thyroid peroxidase and then further iodinated by this enzyme to make the di-iodo and tri-iodo variants. Two molecules of di-iodotyrosine combine to form T4, and one molecule of mono-iodotyrosine combines with one molecule of di-iodotyrosine to form T3. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones KEIO_ID I050; [MS3] KO009007 KEIO_ID I050; [MS2] KO009006 KEIO_ID I050; [MS3] KO009008 KEIO_ID I050 H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is a potent and effective tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is an intermediate in the production of thyroid hormones and has a role as a human or mouse metabolite[1][2].

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

C18H39O7P (398.2433)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10134; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10129 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10034; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10029 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10135; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10134 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10156; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10155 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10080; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 610; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10078; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10077 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2467 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8244 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8806

Fenhexamid

C14H17Cl2NO2 (301.0636)

Gibberellin A3

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Gibberellic acid, also known as gibberellin A3, GA, or GA3, is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect. Gibberellic acid is a hormone found in plants. Gibberellic acid is a simple gibberellin promoting the growth and elongation of cells. It affects the decomposition of plants. It also helps plants grow if used in small amounts but eventually, plants grow a tolerance for it. Gibberellic acid stimulates the cells of germinating seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes. Gibberellic acid is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) Gibberellin A3 is a C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a lactone, a gibberellin monocarboxylic acid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a C19-gibberellin. It is a conjugate acid of a gibberellin A3(1-). Gibberellic acid is a natural product found in Cocos nucifera, Prunus cerasus, and other organisms with data available. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction, and leaf and fruit senescence. Gibberellins is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, potato, sunflower, and common pea. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 449; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3262; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3260 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 449; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3253; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3251 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 449; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 449; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3249; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3246 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 449; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3255; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3254 KEIO_ID G074 Gibberellic Acid is named after a fungus Gibberella fujikuroi . Gibberellic Acid regulates processes of plant development and growth, including seed development and germination, stem and root growth, cell division, and flowering time[1]. Gibberellic Acid is named after a fungus Gibberella fujikuroi . Gibberellic Acid regulates processes of plant development and growth, including seed development and germination, stem and root growth, cell division, and flowering time[1].

Orotidylic acid

C10H13N2O11P (368.0257)

Orotidylic acid, also known as 5-(dihydrogen phosphate)orotidine or omp, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphates. Pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphates are pyrimidine ribobucleotides with monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Orotidylic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Orotidylic acid can be found in a number of food items such as coriander, summer savory, oriental wheat, and sourdough, which makes orotidylic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Orotidylic acid can be found primarily in prostate Tissue, as well as in human prostate tissue. Orotidylic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, orotidylic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include glycine and serine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Orotidylic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DHPD), 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, and non ketotic hyperglycinemia. Moreover, orotidylic acid is found to be associated with prostate cancer. Orotidylic acid (OMP), is a pyrimidine nucleotide which is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate. Decarboxylation by Orotidylate decarboxylase affords Uridine 5-phosphate which is the route to Uridine and its derivatives de novo and consequently one of the most important processes in nucleic acid synthesis (Dictionary of Organic Compounds). In humans, the enzyme UMP synthase converts OMP into uridine 5- monophosphate. If UMP synthase is defective, orotic aciduria can result. (Wikipedia). KEIO_ID O015; [MS2] KO009132 KEIO_ID O015

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 4A and 4F families catalyze the omega-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid and produce 20-HETE. 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of renal, cerebral, and mesenteric arteries. The vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE is associated with activation of protein kinase, Rho kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway C. 20-HETE also increases intracellular Ca2+ by causing the depolarization of vascular smooth muscle membrane secondary to blocking the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and by a direct effect on L-type Ca channels. Elevations in the production of 20-HETE mediate the myogenic response of skeletal, renal, and cerebral arteries to elevations in transmural pressure. There is an important interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and the formation of 20-HETE production. NO inhibits the formation of 20-HETE formation in renal and cerebral arteries. A fall in levels of 20-HETE contributes to the cyclic GMP-independent dilator effect of NO to activate the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and to dilate the cerebral arteries (PMID: 16258232). Metabolite produced during NADPH dependent enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. Potent vasoconstrictor [CCD]

Phosphoethanolamine

C2H8NO4P (141.0191)

O-Phosphoethanolamine, also known as PEA, phosphorylethanolamine, colamine phosphoric acid or ethanolamine O-phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphoethanolamines. Phosphoethanolamines are compounds containing a phosphate linked to the second carbon of an ethanolamine. O-Phosphoethanolamine is used in the biosynthesis of two different types of phospholipids: glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. O-Phosphoethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, O-phosphoethanolamine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, cytidine triphosphate and O-phosphoethanolamine can be converted into CDP-ethanolamine; which is mediated by the enzyme ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. In addition, O-phosphoethanolamine can be biosynthesized from ethanolamine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase. In humans, O-phosphoethanolamine is involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. O-phosphoethanolamine is also a product of the metabolism of sphingolipids. In particular, sphinglipids are metabolized in vivo to phosphorylethanolamine and a fatty aldehyde, generally palmitaldehyde. Both metabolites are ultimately converted to glycerophospholipids. The lipids are first phosphorylated by a kinase and then cleaved by the pyridoxal-dependent sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase. Elevated urine levels of O-Phosphoethanolamine or PEA can be used to help in the diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia (HPP). Reference ranges for urinary PEA vary according to age and somewhat by diet, and follow a circadian rhythm. Outside of the human body, O-phosphoethanolamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as oxheart cabbages, anises, shiitakes, abalones, and teffs. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine, also known as colamine phosphoric acid or ethanolamine phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as phosphoethanolamines. Phosphoethanolamines are compounds containing a phosphate linked to the second carbon of an ethanolamine. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoryl-ethanolamine can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (capsicum), black salsify, cascade huckleberry, and redcurrant, which makes phosphoryl-ethanolamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, and feces. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, phosphoryl-ethanolamine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(14:0/20:1(11Z)), phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)). Phosphoryl-ethanolamine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include fabry disease, gaucher disease, and krabbe disease. Moreover, phosphoryl-ethanolamine is found to be associated with traumatic brain injury. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID E009 Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite. Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite.

Acetosyringone

C10H12O4 (196.0736)

Acetosyringone is a member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-asthmatic drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a peripheral nervous system drug and a plant metabolite. It is a member of acetophenones, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. Acetosyringone is a natural product found in Justicia adhatoda, Polyporus umbellatus, and other organisms with data available. Acetosyringone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Annotation level-1 Acetosyringone is a phenolic compound from wounded plant cells, enables virA gene which encodes a membrane-bound kinase to phosphorylate itself and activate the virG gene product, which stimulates the transcription of other vir genes and itself[1]. Acetosyringone enhances efficient Dunaliella transformation of Agrobacterium strains[2]. Acetosyringone is a phenolic compound from wounded plant cells, enables virA gene which encodes a membrane-bound kinase to phosphorylate itself and activate the virG gene product, which stimulates the transcription of other vir genes and itself[1]. Acetosyringone enhances efficient Dunaliella transformation of Agrobacterium strains[2].

Albendazole

C12H15N3O2S (265.0885)

Albendazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to mebendazole that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CA - Benzimidazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3580 KEIO_ID A082; [MS3] KO008867 KEIO_ID A082; [MS2] KO008866 KEIO_ID A082 Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells[1][2][3][4][5].

Ziprasidone

C21H21ClN4OS (412.1125)

Ziprasidone (marketed as Geodon, Zeldox) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval (February 2001). Ziprasidone is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Ziprasidone has also received approval for acute treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder. [Wikipedia] D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AE - Indole derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent Ziprasidone (CP-88059), an orally active antipsychotic agent, is a combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist[1]. Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM)[1].

Butylate

C11H23NOS (217.15)

Carbimazole

C7H10N2O2S (186.0463)

Carbimazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to methimazole, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity. [PubChem]Carbimazole is an aitithyroid agent that decreases the uptake and concentration of inorganic iodine by thyroid, it also reduces the formation of di-iodotyrosine and thyroxine. Once converted to its active form of methimazole, it prevents the thyroid peroxidase enzyme from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BB - Sulfur-containing imidazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent

Trichloronat

C10H12Cl3O2PS (331.9361)

Megestil

C24H32O4 (384.23)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9660; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9655 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9555 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9613; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9611 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9650; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9648 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9684; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9681 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 727; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9604; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9603 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants > D019167 - Appetite Stimulants C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2814 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8750 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Ekalux

C12H15N2O3PS (298.0541)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Gesfid

C7H13O6P (224.045)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Prochlorperazine

C20H24ClN3S (373.1379)

Prochlorperazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of nausea; vomiting; and vertigo. It is more likely than chlorpromazine to cause extrapyramidal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)The mechanism of action of prochlorperazine has not been fully determined, but may be primarily related to its antidopaminergic effects. Prochlorperazine blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, resulting in the blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and an increased dopamine turnover. Prochlorperazine also has anti-emetic effects, which can be attributed to dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Prochlorperazine also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, the blockade of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

Ordram

C9H17NOS (187.1031)

D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000988 - Antispermatogenic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3714 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

(E)-Monocrotophos

C7H14NO5P (223.061)

(e)-monocrotophos, also known as azodrin or dimethyl (E)-3-hydroxy-N-methylcrotonamide, is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkyl phosphates. Dialkyl phosphates are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly two alkyl chain (e)-monocrotophos is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, (e)-monocrotophos is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It can also be found in the extracellular space (e)-monocrotophos is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5\\% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of -oximes has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally (T3DB). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors (E)-Monocrotophos is an Agricultural insecticide with both systemic and contact actio D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3133 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens D016573 - Agrochemicals

phosphamidon

C10H19ClNO5P (299.0689)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

OMETHOATE

C5H12NO4PS (213.0225)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3027

Aspartame

C14H18N2O5 (294.1216)

Aspartame is the name for an artificial, non-carbohydrate sweetener, aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester; i.e., the methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is marketed under a number of trademark names, such as Equal, and Canderel, and is an ingredient of approximately 6,000 consumer foods and beverages sold worldwide. It is commonly used in diet soft drinks, and is often provided as a table condiment. It is also used in some brands of chewable vitamin supplements. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number (additive code) E951. Aspartame is also one of the sugar substitutes used by diabetics. Upon ingestion, aspartame breaks down into several constituent chemicals, including the naturally-occurring essential amino acid phenylalanine which is a health hazard to the few people born with phenylketonuria, a congenital inability to process phenylalanine. Aspartic acid is an amino acid commonly found in foods. Approximately 40\\\% of aspartame (by mass) is broken down into aspartic acid. Because aspartame is metabolized and absorbed very quickly (unlike aspartic acid-containing proteins in foods), it is known that aspartame could spike blood plasma levels of aspartate. Aspartic acid is in a class of chemicals known as excitotoxins. Abnormally high levels of excitotoxins have been shown in hundreds of animals studies to cause damage to areas of the brain unprotected by the blood-brain barrier and a variety of chronic diseases arising out of this neurotoxicity. Compd. with 100 times the sweetness of sucrose. Artificial sweetener permitted in foods in EU at 300-5500 ppmand is also permitted in USA. Widely used in foods, beverages and pharmaceutical formulations D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2770 Aspartame (SC-18862) is a methyl ester of a dipeptide. Aspartame can be used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener[1][2].

Boscalid

C18H12Cl2N2O (342.0327)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9095; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9091 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4414 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4411; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4407 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9060; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9056 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9052; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9049 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4402; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4400 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4384 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9078; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9077 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9072; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9067 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4421; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4418 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4060 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2326 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8436

Fenoxycarb

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8907; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8906 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8971; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8969 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8960 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8995; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8993 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1161; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8920; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8919 C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2940 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2588 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8460 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

C7H7Cl3NO3PS (320.895)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2951

4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

C15H10N2O2 (250.0742)

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Primidone

C12H14N2O2 (218.1055)

An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to phenobarbital in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with phenobarbital. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309) N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 195; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4095 INTERNAL_ID 4095; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8502 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1516 KEIO_ID P061

Coumaphos

C14H16ClO5PS (362.0145)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9799; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9798 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9759; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9756 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9789; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9784 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9760; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9757 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9707; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9702 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9747; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9745 D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1136 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Malaoxon

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

Malaoxon is a metabolite of malathion. Malaoxon is a chemical compound with the formula C10H19O7PS. More specifically, it is a phosphorothioate. It is a breakdown product of, and more toxic than, malathion. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3713 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Hexythiazox

C17H21ClN2O2S (352.1012)

Aflatoxin B1

C17H12O6 (312.0634)

Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus. At least 13 different types of aflatoxin are produced in nature. Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The native habitat of Aspergillus is in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains undergoing microbiological deterioration and it invades all types of organic substrates whenever conditions are favourable for its growth. Favourable conditions include high moisture content (at least 7\\\%) and high temperature. Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) are contaminants of improperly stored foods; they are potent genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds, exerting their effects through damage to DNA. They can also induce mutations that increase oxidative damage (PMID: 17214555). Crops which are frequently affected by Aspergillus contamination include cereals (maize, sorghum, pearl millet, rice, wheat), oilseeds (peanut, soybean, sunflower, cotton), spices (chile peppers, black pepper, coriander, turmeric, ginger), and tree nuts (almond, pistachio, walnut, coconut, brazil nut). Production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Toxin causing Turkey X disease. One of the most potent carcinogens known in animals. Potential food contaminant especies in grains and nuts D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D000348 - Aflatoxins Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a Class 1A carcinogen, which is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mainly induces the transversion of G-->T in the third position of codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, resulting in mutation[1][2].

Dimethoate

C5H12NO3PS2 (228.9996)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2761 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2761; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4003 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3009 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Oleamide

C18H35NO (281.2719)

Oleamide is an amide of the fatty acid oleic acid. It is an endogenous substance: it occurs naturally in the body of animals. It accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid during sleep deprivation and induces sleep in animals. It is being studied as a potential medical treatment for mood and sleep disorders, and cannabinoid-regulated depression. The mechanism of action of oleamides sleep inducing effects is an area of current research. It is likely that oleamide interacts with multiple neurotransmitter systems. Oleamide is structurally related to the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, and has the ability to bind to the CB1 receptor as a full agonist. Oleamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=301-02-0 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 301-02-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide which can be synthesized de novo in the mammalian nervous system, and has been detected in human plasma.

Mepanipyrim

C14H13N3 (223.1109)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9352; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9351 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9350; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9348 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9334; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9332 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9294; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9293 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9316; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9313 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9337; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9336 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3062

Pirinixic acid

C14H14ClN3O2S (323.0495)

2-methylthioribosyl-trans-zeatin, also known as wy-14,643 or cxpta, is a member of the class of compounds known as aryl thioethers. Aryl thioethers are organosulfur compounds containing a thioether group that is substituted by an aryl group. 2-methylthioribosyl-trans-zeatin is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-methylthioribosyl-trans-zeatin can be found in common pea and common wheat, which makes 2-methylthioribosyl-trans-zeatin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9387; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9382 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9350; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9349 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4901; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4897 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9397; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4984; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4982 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9362; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9360 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9288; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9287 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4364; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4363 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9321; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9318 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4382 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4904 Pirinixic acid (Wy-14643) is a potent agonist of PPARα, with EC50s of 0.63 μM, 32 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 5.0 μM, 60 μM, 35 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.

Phosmet

C11H12NO4PS2 (316.9945)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Azinphos-ethyl

C12H16N3O3PS2 (345.0371)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3654 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2608 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8478

Azinphos-methyl

C10H12N3O3PS2 (317.0058)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3655 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8473 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2601 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D010575 - Pesticides > D056810 - Acaricides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Fenamiphos

C13H22NO3PS (303.1058)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9512; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9511 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9468; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9467 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9521; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9519 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9503; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9502 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9453; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9452 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1097; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9474; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9473 Systemic agricultural nematocide. Cholinesterase inhibitor Fenamiphos is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Enoxacin

C15H17FN4O3 (320.1285)

Enoxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid. [PubChem]Enoxacin exerts its bactericidal action via the inhibition of the essential bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase (DNA Topoisomerase II). J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3078

Tyrosine methylester

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

Tyrosine methylester, also known as Tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride, (L)-isomer or Tyr-ome, is classified as a tyrosine or a Tyrosine derivative. Tyrosines are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Tyrosine methylester is considered to be a slightly soluble (in water) and a very weak acidic compound. Tyrosine methylester can be found in humans. KEIO_ID T032 H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

Methidathion

C6H11N2O4PS3 (301.9619)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3096 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Ropinirole

C16H24N2O (260.1889)

Ropinirole is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. It is used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease, and is also one of two medications in the United States with an FDA-approved indication for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (the other being Pramipexole). [Wikipedia] D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents > N04BC - Dopamine agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

Asiaticoside

C48H78O19 (958.5137)

Constituent of Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort). Asiaticoside is found in herbs and spices and green vegetables. Asiaticoside is found in green vegetables. Asiaticoside is a constituent of Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Same as: D07576 Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.

3,9,15-Tribenzyl-4,10,16-trimethyl-6,12,18-tri(propan-2-yl)-1,7,13-trioxa-4,10,16-triazacyclooctadecane-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexone

C45H57N3O9 (783.4095)

[Raw Data] CBA19_Beauvericin_pos_20eV_1-1_01_1374.txt [Raw Data] CBA19_Beauvericin_pos_50eV_1-1_01_1485.txt [Raw Data] CBA19_Beauvericin_pos_10eV_1-1_01_1352.txt [Raw Data] CBA19_Beauvericin_pos_40eV_1-1_01_1376.txt [Raw Data] CBA19_Beauvericin_pos_30eV_1-1_01_1483.txt Beauvericin is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Beauvericin inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 3 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes[1]. Beauvericin is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Beauvericin inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 3 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes[1].

Psoralidin

C20H16O5 (336.0998)

Psoralidin is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an estrogen receptor agonist. It is a member of coumestans, a polyphenol and a delta-lactone. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Psoralidin is a natural product found in Dolichos trilobus, Phaseolus lunatus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cullen corylifolium fruit (part of). A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D020847 - Estrogen Receptor Modulators Constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is found in pulses, lima bean, and fruits. Psoralidin is found in fruits. Psoralidin is a constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2].

Lignoceric acid (C24)

C24H48O2 (368.3654)

Lignoceric acid, also known as N-tetracosanoic acid or tetraeicosanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, lignoceric acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Lignoceric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lignoceric acid can be found in a number of food items such as hazelnut, cheese, rye bread, and cetacea (dolphin, porpoise, whale), which makes lignoceric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lignoceric acid can be found primarily in blood and feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. Lignoceric acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, lignoceric acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Lignoceric acid is also involved in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which is a metabolic disorder. Lignoceric acid, or tetracosanoic acid, is the saturated fatty acid with formula C23H47COOH. It is found in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amounts in most natural fats. The fatty acids of peanut oil contain small amounts of lignoceric acid (1.1\\\\% – 2.2\\\\%). This fatty acid is also a byproduct of lignin production . Tetracosanoic acid is a C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and a Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite. It is a very long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetracosanoate. Tetracosanoic acid, also known as N-tetracosanoate or lignoceric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Tetracosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tetracosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

Adrenic acid

C22H36O2 (332.2715)

Adrenic acid, also known as 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid or adrenate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Adrenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Adrenic acid can be found in blood and in human myelin tissue. Within the cell, adrenic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm, in the membrane (predicted from logP), and in the peroxisome. It can also be found in the extracellular space. In humans, adrenic acid is involved in alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Docosatetraenoic acid designates any straight chain 22:4 fatty acid. In particular, all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid with the trivial name adrenic acid (AdA). This is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid formed through a 2-carbon chain elongation of arachidonic acid. It is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain. This unsaturated fatty acid is also metabolized by cells into biologically active products, such as dihomoprostaglandins and dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (dihomo-EETs) (Wikipedia). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be a potential prothrombotic agent (PMID: 1642692). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be potential prothrombotic agent. (PMID 1642692) [HMDB]

Tiagabine

C20H25NO2S2 (375.1327)

Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication. It is also used in the treatment for panic disorder as are a few other anticonvulsants. Though the exact mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D058805 - GABA Uptake Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AG - Fatty acid derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Nalmefene

C21H25NO3 (339.1834)

N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C681 - Opiate Antagonist

Epibatidine

C11H13ClN2 (208.0767)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

TMPT

C18H26O6 (338.1729)

Abacavir

C14H18N6O (286.1542)

Abacavir is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a powerful nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. [Wikipedia]Abacavir is a carbocyclic synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, abacavir is converted by cellular enzymes to the active metabolite carbovir triphosphate, an analogue of deoxyguanosine-5-triphosphate (dGTP). Carbovir triphosphate inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent

Phenylacetylglycine

C10H11NO3 (193.0739)

Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Phenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, possessing a honey-like odour in low concentrations, and is also used in penicillin G production. PAG is a putative biomarker of phospholipidosis. Urinary PAG is elevated in animals exhibiting abnormal phospholipid accumulation in many tissues and may thus be useful as a surrogate biomarker for phospholipidosis. (PMID: 15764292) The presence of phenylacetylglycine in urine has been confirmed for dogs, rats and mice. However, the presence of this compound in human urine is controversial. GC-MS studies have not found this compound (PMID: 7492634) while NMR studies claimed to have identified it (PMID: 21167146). It appears that phenylacetylglycine may sometimes be mistaken for phenylacetylglutamine via NMR. Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1]. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1].

Phoxim

C12H15N2O3PS (298.0541)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Diisobutyl phthalate

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate, also known as dibp or isobutyl phthalate, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate can be found primarily in urine. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB). DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability. It is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate. DIBP has lower density and freezing point than DBP (dibutyl phthalate, CAS No.: 84-74-2). It has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10016; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10013 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10059; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10056 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10032; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9950

Punicic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd. alpha-Eleostearic acid is isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon Isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd and fruits.

Acetohydroxamic Acid

C2H5NO2 (75.032)

Acetohydroxamic Acid, a synthetic drug derived from hydroxylamine and ethyl acetate, is similar in structure to urea. In the urine, it acts as an antagonist of the bacterial enzyme urease. Acetohydroxamic Acid has no direct antimicrobial action and does not acidify urine directly. It is used, in addition to antibiotics or medical procedures, to treat chronic urea-splitting urinary infections. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Cyclohexylamine

C6H13N (99.1048)

Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane. It is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water. Like other amines, it is of mildly alkaline nature, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic sister compound aniline, which differs only in that its ring is aromatic. It is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C. Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C. It is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal. It readily absorbs through skin, which it irritates. It is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2441 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8266 KEIO_ID C114

Mesylate

CH4SO3 (95.9881)

Mesylate, also known as methanesulfonate or mesylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom). Mesylate exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Mesylate is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methanesulfonates, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, and (Z)-11-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)dodec-2-enamide. KEIO_ID M135 KEIO_ID M021

N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine

C12H21N3O8 (335.1329)

Aspartylglycosamine, also known as n4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine or 1-beta-aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Aspartylglycosamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aspartylglycosamine can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human spleen tissue. Within the cell, aspartylglycosamine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, aspartylglycosamine is found to be associated with aspartylglucosaminuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria corresponding to decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, which is a metabolic disorder associated with decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. [HMDB]

Liothyronine

C15H12I3NO4 (650.7901)

Liothyronine is a T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone that is finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. Liothyronine is mildly toxic by ingestion and is an experimental teratogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx, I(-), and Cl(-) (Saxs Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4253; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4249 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4223; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4222 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4256; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4251 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4242; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4239 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4266; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4262 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 700; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4237; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4235 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1553 - Thyroid Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials KEIO_ID T040 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Liothyronine is an active form of thyroid hormone. Liothyronine is a potent thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ agonist with Kis of 2.33 nM for hTRα and hTRβ, respectively[1][2][3].

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed from the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically, it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. The enzyme (glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a polypeptide species distinct from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia (PMID: 2791363, 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430). Phenylacetylglutamine is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (PMID: 26241311). Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals including the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl CoA and glutamine react to form phenylacetyl glutamine and Coenzyme A. The enzyme (Glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a distinct polypeptide species from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. (PMID: 2791363; PMID: 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430) Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

Flavin mononucleotide

C17H21N4O9P (456.1046)

Flavin mononucleotide, also known as riboflavin 5-monophosphate or riboflavine dihydrogen phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavin nucleotides. Flavin nucleotides are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions. Flavin mononucleotide is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Flavin mononucleotide can be found in a number of food items such as spinach, elliotts blueberry, tea leaf willow, and black mulberry, which makes flavin mononucleotide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Flavin mononucleotide can be found primarily in blood, as well as throughout most human tissues. Flavin mononucleotide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, flavin mononucleotide is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include riboflavin metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and doxorubicin metabolism pathway. Flavin mononucleotide is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), carnosinuria, carnosinemia, and hypophosphatasia. Moreover, flavin mononucleotide is found to be associated with anorexia nervosa. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. During the catalytic cycle, a reversible interconversion of the oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH•) and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs in the various oxidoreductases. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one- and two-electron transfers. In its role as blue-light photo receptor, (oxidized) FMN stands out from the conventional photo receptors as the signaling state and not an E/Z isomerization . Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. During the catalytic cycle, a reversible interconversion of the oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH), and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs in the various oxidoreductases. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one- and two-electron transfers. In its role as blue-light photo receptor, (oxidized) FMN stands out from the conventional photo receptors as the signaling state and not an E/Z isomerization. It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cells and tissues. It requires more energy to produce, but is more soluble than riboflavin. Flavin mononucleotide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions. Flavin mononucleotide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, flavin mononucleotide participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, formic acid and flavin mononucleotide can be biosynthesized from FMNH2; which is catalyzed by the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. In addition, formic acid and flavin mononucleotide can be biosynthesized from FMNH2 through the action of the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. In humans, flavin mononucleotide is involved in bloch pathway (cholesterol biosynthesis). Outside of the human body, flavin mononucleotide has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), horseradish tree, black elderberries, angelica, and ostrich ferns. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins

Pyridostigmine

C9H13N2O2+ (181.0977)

Pyridostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than neostigmine. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. [PubChem]Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine. N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Stachydrine

C7H13NO2 (143.0946)

Proline betaine is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. It is thought to serve an osmoprotective role for the kidney. Proline betaine is a glycine betaine analogue found in many citrus foods. Elevated levels of proline betaine in human urine are found after the consumption of citrus fruits and juices (PMID: 18060588). Proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Alkaloid from Citrus spp Medicago sativa and Stachys subspecies(alfalfa). L-Stachydrine or also called proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. L-Stachydrine is found in many foods, some of which are capers, pulses, lemon, and alfalfa. Proline betaine, also known as stachydrine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Proline betaine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Proline betaine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within capers (Capparis spinosa). Proline betaine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as soy beans (Glycine max), crosnes (Stachys affinis), domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), limes (Citrus aurantiifolia), and triticales (X Triticosecale rimpaui). This could make proline betaine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Proline betaine is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Proline betaine. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.

2-Aminoanthracene

C14H11N (193.0891)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8008 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

N-METHYLANILINE

C7H9N (107.0735)

N-methylaniline, also known as methylphenylamine or N-methylbenzenamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylalkylamines. Phenylalkylamines are organic amines where the amine group is secondary and linked on one end to a phenyl group and on the other end, to an alkyl group. N-methylaniline is soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). N-methylaniline can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, orange bell pepper, and red bell pepper, which makes N-methylaniline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-Methylaniline (NMA) is an aniline derivative. It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NH(CH3). The substance exists as a colorless or slightly yellow viscous liquid and turns brown when exposed to air. The chemical is insoluble in water. It is used as a latent and coupling solvent and is also used as an intermediate for dyes, agrochemicals and other organic products manufacturing. NMA is toxic and exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system and can also cause liver and kidney failure . CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8126 KEIO_ID M066

1,3-Cyclohexanedione

C6H8O2 (112.0524)

Beta-Guanidinopropionic acid

C4H9N3O2 (131.0695)

Beta-Guanidinopropionic acid is analog of creatine and is reported to decrease phosphocreatine and ATP content in animal tissues in vivo. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB] C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C177430 - Agent Targeting Cancer Metabolism KEIO_ID G039

5,6-dihydrouracil

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

Dihydrouracil belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidones. Pyrimidones are compounds that contain a pyrimidine ring, which bears a ketone. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. Dihydrouracil is an intermediate breakdown product of uracil. Dihydrouracil exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, dihydrouracil participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, dihydrouracil can be biosynthesized from uracil; which is mediated by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]. The breakdown of uracil is a multistep reaction that leads to the production of beta-alanine. The reaction process begins with the enzyme known as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHP), which catalyzes the reduction of uracil into dihydrouracil. Then the enzyme known as dihydropyrimidinase hydrolyzes dihydrouracil into N-carbamyl-beta-alanine. Finally, beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine into beta-alanine. There is at least one metabolic disorder that is associated with altered levels of dihydrouracil. In particular, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency is an inborn metabolic disorder that leads to highly increased concentrations of dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine, and moderately increased concentrations of uracil and thymine in urine. Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency can cause neurological and gastrointestinal problems in some affected individuals (OMIM: 222748). In particular, patients with dihydropyrimidinase deficiency exhibit a number of neurological abnormalities including intellectual disability, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), an abnormally small head size (microcephaly), and autistic behaviours that affect communication and social interaction. Gastrointestinal problems that occur in dihydropyrimidinase deficiency include backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux) and recurrent episodes of vomiting. 3,4-dihydrouracil, also known as 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine or 5,6-dihydro-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidones. Pyrimidones are compounds that contain a pyrimidine ring, which bears a ketone. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. 3,4-dihydrouracil is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydrouracil can be found in a number of food items such as colorado pinyon, rocket salad (sspecies), wax gourd, and boysenberry, which makes 3,4-dihydrouracil a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydrouracil can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. 3,4-dihydrouracil exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3,4-dihydrouracil is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include beta-alanine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. 3,4-dihydrouracil is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, ureidopropionase deficiency, and carnosinuria, carnosinemia. Moreover, 3,4-dihydrouracil is found to be associated with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and hypertension. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2]. Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2].

3-Methylamino-L-alanine

C4H10N2O2 (118.0742)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

N-(3-Methylbut-2-EN-1-YL)-9H-purin-6-amine

C10H13N5 (203.1171)

N6-prenyladenine, also known as isopentenyladenine or ip, is a member of the class of compounds known as 6-alkylaminopurines. 6-alkylaminopurines are compounds that contain an alkylamine group attached at the 6-position of a purine. Purine is a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. N6-prenyladenine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N6-prenyladenine can be found in a number of food items such as lime, lemon thyme, nectarine, and napa cabbage, which makes n6-prenyladenine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 74 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine is a plant growth substance. 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine is a plant growth substance.

Nalpha-Methylhistidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

Nelfinavir

C32H45N3O4S (567.3131)

Nelfinavir is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. [PubChem]Nelfinavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immature viral particles. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AE - Protease inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D000084762 - Viral Protease Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor > C97366 - HIV Protease Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid

C6H7NO3S (173.0147)

2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Tolterodine

C22H31NO (325.2406)

Tolterodine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antimuscarinic drug that is used to treat urinary incontinence. Tolterodine acts on M2 and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors.Both tolterodine and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyltolterodine, act as competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors. This antagonism results in inhibition of bladder contraction, decrease in detrusor pressure, and an incomplete emptying of the bladder. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents Tolterodine(PNU-200583) is a potent muscarinic receptor antagonists that show selectivity for the urinary bladder over salivary glands in vivo. IC50 Value: Target: mAChR in vitro: Carbachol-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig bladder were effectively inhibited by tolterodine (IC50 14 nM) and 5-HM (IC50 5.7 nM). The IC50 values were in the microM range and the antimuscarinic potency of tolterodine was 27, 200 and 370-485 times higher, respectively, than its potency in blocking histamine receptors, alpha-adrenoceptors and calcium channels. The active metabolite, 5-HM, was >900 times less potent at these sites than at bladder muscarinic receptors [1]. in vivo: Tolterodine was extensively metabolized in vivo [2]. In the passive-avoidance test, tolterodine at 1 or 3 mg/kg had no effect on memory; the latency to cross and percentage of animals crossing were comparable to controls. In contrast, scopolamine induced a memory deficit; the latency to cross was decreased, and the number of animals crossing was increased [3].

11Z-Eicosenoic acid（20:1）

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

11Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as gondoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). More specifically, 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of nuts and plant oils. It is not produced by humans and comes from the diet. It has been found in the red blood cell membrane with increased concentrations in children with regressive autism (PMID: 16581239 ). (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid is an icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a gondoate. cis-11-Eicosenoic acid is a natural product found in Delphinium fissum, Calophyllum inophyllum, and other organisms with data available. Gondoic Acid is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and the sole double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the bond in the cis- configuration. See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of). Constituent of rape oil and fish oils as glycerideand is also in other plant oils, e.g. false flax (Camelina sativa), and swede (Brassica napobrassica) cis-11-Eicosenoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5561-99-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 5561-99-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].

Decanal

C10H20O (156.1514)

Decanal, also known as 1-decyl aldehyde or capraldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, decanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Decanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Decanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Decanal is a sweet, aldehydic, and citrus tasting compound. Decanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corianders, dills, and gingers and in a lower concentration in limes, sweet oranges, and safflowers. Decanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as fishes, cauliflowers, citrus, fats and oils, and lemon grass. This could make decanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Decanal is a potentially toxic compound. Decanal, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as uremia, asthma, and perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment; decanal has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Decanal occurs naturally and is used in fragrances and flavoring. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Constituent of Cassia, Neroli and other oils especies citrus peel oilsand is also present in coriander leaf or seed, caviar, roast turkey, roast filbert, green tea, fish oil, hop oil and beer. Flavouring agent Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate. Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate.

13-L-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid

C18H32O4 (312.23)

(9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate, also known as 13s-hydroperoxy-9z,11e-octadecadienoic acid or 13(S)-hpode, belongs to lineolic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. Thus, (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate can be synthesized from octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate can also be synthesized into pinellic acid and 13(S)-HPODE methyl ester (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate can be found in a number of food items such as lingonberry, lemon thyme, watermelon, and agave, which makes (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (9z,11e)-(13s)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate can be found primarily in blood. 13-L-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid (13(S)-HPODE) is one of the primary products of the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway (EC 1.13.11.31). 13(S)-HPODE is a rather unstable metabolite and is rapidly metabolized to more stable secondary products such as diverse forms of hydroxy fatty acids (via reduction of the hydroperoxy group), alkoxy radicals (via homolytic cleavage of the peroxy group), forms of dihydro(pero)xy fatty acids (via lipoxygenase-catalysed double and triple oxygenation), or epoxy leukotrienes (via a hydrogen abstraction from a doubly allylic methylene group and a homolytic cleavage of the hydroperoxy group) (PMID: 9082450). D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides

15-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

15-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. The 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro, 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation, and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE also has some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells (PMID: 11104340). 15(S)-HETE is found to be associated with Zellweger syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism. 15(S)-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE has also some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells. (PMID: 11104340) [HMDB] 15(S)-HETE. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=54845-95-3 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 54845-95-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid

C18H32O3 (296.2351)

9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-EOA) is a peroxidation product of linoleic acid (LA). 9,10-EOA is a naturally occurring component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), the level of which increases with aging, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, perhaps due to an increase in 15-lipoxygenase and free oxygen radicals. 9,10-EOA is a proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) gamma2 ligand, that is antiosteogenic without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. Studies in dogs suggest that 9,10-EOA has toxic cardiovascular effects. (PMID: 12665667, 12021203, 10667371).

2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile

C7H3Cl2N (170.9643)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 84 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

(2E)-Decenoyl-ACP

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

(2E)-Decenoyl-ACP, also known as Cycloleucine or 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, is classified as a member of the L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. (2E)-Decenoyl-ACP is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant KEIO_ID A050

Blasticidin S

C17H26N8O5 (422.2026)

Contact fungicide used against rice blast disease in Japan Blasticidin S is an antibiotic used to select transformed cells in genetic engineering. In short, DNA of interest is fused to DNA encoding a resistance gene, and then is transformed into cells. After allowing time for recovery and for cells to begin transcribing and translating their new DNA, blasticidin is added. Now only the cells that have the new DNA can grow D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents KEIO_ID B019; [MS3] KO008877 KEIO_ID B019; [MS2] KO008876 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID B019

N-Formyl-L-aspartate

C5H7NO5 (161.0324)

This compound belongs to the family of Dicarboxylic Acids and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups KEIO_ID F022

Methionine sulfoximine

C5H12N2O3S (180.0569)

Methionine sulfoximine is found in flours treated with NCl3 as a produced of NCl3 action on wheat protein

Pralidoxime

[C7H9N2O]+ (137.0715)

Pralidoxime is an antidote to organophosphate pesticides and chemicals. Organophosphates bind to the esteratic site of acetylcholinesterase, which results initially in reversible inactivation of the enzyme. If given within 24 hours,after organophosphate exposure, pralidoxime reactivates the enzyme cholinesterase by cleaving the phosphate-ester bond formed between the organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase. V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002801 - Cholinesterase Reactivators Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes D004793 - Enzyme Reactivators

Lumichrome

C12H10N4O2 (242.0804)

Lumichrome, also known as light folinic acid or 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine, is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2). The chemical structure of lumichrome consists of a heterocyclic isoalloxazine ring, which is a fused pyridine and pyrazine ring system. The isoalloxazine ring contains a methyl group at the 7 and 8 positions and is substituted at the 10 position with a ribityl group, which is a 5-carbon chain derived from ribose with a methyl group at the 2’ position. Photocatalytic Activity: Lumichrome exhibits photocatalytic activity and can act as a photosensitizer. It can absorb light energy and transfer it to other molecules, potentially triggering photochemical reactions. Fluorescence: Lumichrome is known for its fluorescence properties. This characteristic makes it useful in various applications, including fluorescence microscopy and as a labeling agent in biological assays. Antioxidant Properties: Lumichrome has been found to have antioxidant properties. It can scavenge free radicals, which may help in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Metabolic Intermediate: In the body, lumichrome can be formed from riboflavin through photochemical or enzymatic degradation. It may play a role in the metabolism of flavins and could be involved in the recycling of flavin cofactors. Potential Biomarker: Due to its presence in biological tissues and its fluorescence properties, lumichrome has been proposed as a potential biomarker for certain diseases and conditions. Plant Pigment: In plants, lumichrome can be involved in light capture and energy transfer processes, although it is not a chlorophyll pigment. It may contribute to the overall light-harvesting capabilities of plant tissues. While lumichrome has several interesting chemical and biological properties, it is not considered an essential nutrient like its parent compound, riboflavin. Its exact role in biological systems is still an area of ongoing research. Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism[1][2].

trans-zeatin riboside

C15H21N5O5 (351.1543)

Trans-zeatin riboside, also known as (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine or 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-trans-zeatin, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Trans-zeatin riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-zeatin riboside can be found in a number of food items such as winter squash, plains prickly pear, dill, and common buckwheat, which makes trans-zeatin riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

Docosapentaenoate (DPA; 22:5n-3)

C22H34O2 (330.2559)

Docosapentaenoic acid (also known as clupanodonic acid) is an essential omega-3 fatty acid (EFA) which is prevalent in fish oils. Docosapentaenoic acid, commonly called DPA, is an intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3). Seal oil is a rich source. There are three functions of docosapentaenoic acid. The most important is as part of phospholipids in all animal cellular membranes: a deficiency of docosapentaenoic acid leads to faulty membranes being formed. A second is in the transport and oxidation of cholesterol: clupanodonic acid tends to lower plasma cholesterol. A third function is as a precursor of prostanoids which are only formed from docosapentaenoic acid. Deficiency of this in experimental animals causes lesions mainly attributable to faulty cellular membranes: sudden failure of growth, lesions of skin and kidney and connective tissue, erythrocyte fragility, impaired fertility, uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation. In man pure deficiency of docosapentaenoic acid has been studied particularly in persons fed intravenously. A relative deficiency (that is, a low ratio in the body of docosapentaenoic to long-chain saturated fatty acids and isomers of docosapentaenoate) is common on Western diets and plays an important part in the causation of atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, multiple sclerosis, the triopathy of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and certain forms of malignant disease. Various factors affect the dietary requirement of docosapentaenoic acid. (PMID: 6469703) [HMDB]. 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-Docosapentaenoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green zucchini, green bell pepper, green bean, and red bell pepper. Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3) (also known as clupanodonic acid) is an essential omega-3 fatty acid (EFA) which is prevalent in fish oils. Docosapentaenoic acid, commonly called DPA, is an intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3). Seal oil is a rich source of this metabolite. There are three functions of docosapentaenoic acid. Most importantly, it is a component of phospholipids found in all animal cell membranes, and a deficiency of docosapentaenoic acid leads to faulty membranes being formed. Secondly, it is involved in the transport and oxidation of cholesterol, and clupanodonic acid tends to lower plasma cholesterol. A third function is as a precursor of prostanoids which are only formed from docosapentaenoic acid. Deficiency of this in experimental animals causes lesions mainly attributable to faulty cellular membranes. Outcomes include sudden failure of growth, lesions of the skin, kidney, and connective tissue, erythrocyte fragility, impaired fertility, and the uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation. In humans, pure deficiency of docosapentaenoic acid has been studied particularly in persons fed intravenously. A relative deficiency (that is, a low ratio in the body of docosapentaenoic to long-chain saturated fatty acids and isomers of docosapentaenoate) is common in Western diets and plays an important part in the causation of atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, multiple sclerosis, the triopathy of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain forms of malignant disease. Various factors affect the dietary requirement of docosapentaenoic acid (PMID: 6469703). Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3) is a component of phospholipids found in all animal cell membranes.

Decanoylcarnitine (C10)

C17H33NO4 (315.2409)

Decanoylcarnitine is a member of the class of compounds known as acylcarnitines. More specifically, it is a decanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered in the 1940s (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Decanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine decanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494 ). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular decanoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with obesity in adolescence (PMID: 26910390 ). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (PMID: 26928931 ). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews]. Acylcarnitine useful in the diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation disorders and differentiation between biochemical phenotypes of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency deficiencyoxidation disorders.(PMID: 12385891) [HMDB]

Butyrylcarnitine

C11H21NO4 (231.1471)

Butyrylcarnitine, also known as (3R)-3-(butyryloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate or L-carnitine butyryl ester, is classified as a member of the acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitines are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. Butyrylcarnitine is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency, in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness, and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle (OMIM: 201470). Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with acyl-coa dehydrogenase, short-chain (SCAD) deficiencyin; in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness; and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle. (OMIM 201470) [HMDB] Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

Dihydroergotamine

C33H37N5O5 (583.2795)

Dihydroergotamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ergotamine. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of migraine disorders. [PubChem]Two theories have been proposed to explain the efficacy of 5-HT_1D receptor agonists in migraine: 1) activation of 5-HT_1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arterio-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine headache and 2) activation of 5-HT_1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system results in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02C - Antimigraine preparations > N02CA - Ergot alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline

C11H11N5 (213.1014)

2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is a food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especially grilled/barbecued Food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especies grilled/barbecued). 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2292 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 6 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Tamarixetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

Tamarixetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol, a monomethoxyflavone and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. Tamarixetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Trifolium pratense flower (part of). A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae. Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is a natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin, with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Tamarixetin protects against cardiac hypertrophy[1][2]. Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is a natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin, with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Tamarixetin protects against cardiac hypertrophy[1][2].

Dictamnine

C12H9NO2 (199.0633)

Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Dehydroabietic acid

C20H28O2 (300.2089)

Dehydroabietic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1]. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1].

5,7-Dimethoxyflavone

C17H14O4 (282.0892)

5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). Constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). 5,7-Dimethylchrysin is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2]. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2].

Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

N-Acetyl-b-glucosaminylamine

C8H16N2O5 (220.1059)

N-Acetyl-b-glucosaminylamine is the product of a reaction catalyzed vy the enzyme N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase [EC 3.5.1.26, Aspartylglucosaminidase, AGA]. AGA is a key enzyme in the catabolism of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. It cleaves the asparagine from the residual N-acetylglucosamines as one of the final steps in the lysosomal breakdown of glycoproteins. Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a lysosomal disease caused by deficiency of N-aspartyl-beta-glucosaminidase. AGU is the only known lysosomal storage disease caused by an amidase deficiency. (OMIM208400).

toxin HT 2

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

HT-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a trichothecene, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an acetate ester. HT-2 Toxin is a natural product found in Fusarium heterosporum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and other organisms with data available. A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

14,15-Epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 eicosanoids epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597). 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a metabolite of arachidonic acid. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid eicosanoid, a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597) [HMDB] 8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid eicosanoid, a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

11(R)-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

11(R)-HETE is produced from arachidonic acid by both COX-1 and COX-2 (cyclooxygenases). Using a model of intestinal epithelial cells that express the COX-2 permanently, 11(R)-HETE is produced upon stimulation. However, 11(R)-HETE is not detected in intact cells. Endothelial cells release several factors which influence vascular tone, leukocyte function and platelet aggregation; 11(R)-HETE is one of these factors. (PMID: 15964853, 8555273) [HMDB] 11(R)-HETE is produced from arachidonic acid by both COX-1 and COX-2 (cyclooxygenases). Using a model of intestinal epithelial cells that express the COX-2 permanently, 11(R)-HETE is produced upon stimulation. However, 11(R)-HETE is not detected in intact cells. Endothelial cells release several factors which influence vascular tone, leukocyte function and platelet aggregation; 11(R)-HETE is one of these factors. (PMID: 15964853, 8555273).

14,15-DiHETrE

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR . shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065) [HMDB] 14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR, shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065).

8,9-DiHETrE

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

8,9-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. P450converts AA to 8,9- dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. This enzymatic pathway was first described in liver; however, it is now clear that AA can be metabolized by P450 in many tissues including the pituitary gland, eye, kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. (PMID: 17431031, 11700990) [HMDB] 8,9-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. P450converts AA to 8,9- dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. This enzymatic pathway was first described in liver; however, it is now clear that AA can be metabolized by P450 in many tissues including the pituitary gland, eye, kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. (PMID: 17431031, 11700990).

Ubiquinone 6

C39H58O4 (590.4335)

Ubiquinone-6 is a member of the chemical class known as Polyprenylbenzoquinones. These are compounds containing a polyisoprene chain attached to a quinone at the second ring position. Ubiquione-6 has just 6 isoprene units. Normally in humans it has 10. Ubiquinone-6 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Ubiquionone 10. It is an endogenouse compound but it has also been isolated from foods containing bakers yeast. Ubiquionone 10 (CoQ10) is involved in cellular respiration. It is fat-soluble and is therefore mobile in cellular membranes; it plays a unique role in the electron transport chain (ETC). In the inner bacterial membrane, electrons from NADH and succinate pass through the ETC to the oxygen, which is then reduced to water. The transfer of electrons through ETC results in the pumping of H+ across the membrane creating a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used by ATP synthase (located on the membrane) to generate ATP. Isolated from bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Heptanal

C7H14O (114.1045)

Heptanal, also known as enanthal or N-heptaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, heptanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. It is a colourless liquid with a strong fruity odor, which is used as precursor to components in perfumes and lubricants. Heptanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heptanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Heptanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. heptanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as corns, tea, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in lemons, wild carrots, and carrots. heptanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as horned melons, common beets, dills, red bell peppers, and malus (crab apple). This could make heptanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The formation of heptanal in the fractional distillation of castor oil was already described in 1878. The large-scale production is based on the pyrolytic cleavage of ricinoleic acid ester (Arkema method) and on the hydroformylation of 1-hexene with rhodium 2-ethylhexanoate as a catalyst upon addition of some 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Oxea method):Heptanal naturally occurs in the essential oils of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), lemon (Citrus x limon), bitter orange (Citrus x aurantium), rose (Rosa) and hyacinth (Hyacinthus). Heptanal is a potentially toxic compound. Heptanal has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohns disease, uremia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also heptanal has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. The compound has a flash point of 39.5 °C. The explosion range is between 1.1\\% by volume as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 5.2\\% by volume as the upper explosion limit. Heptanal or heptanaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde. Full hydrogenation provides the branched primary alcohol 2-pentylnonan-1-ol, also accessible from the Guerbet reaction from heptanol. A by-product of the given reaction is the unpleasant rancid smelling (Z)-2-pentyl-2-nonenal. Heptanal forms flammable vapor-air mixtures. Heptanal is a flammable, slightly volatile colorless liquid of pervasive fruity to oily-greasy odor, which is miscible with alcohols and practically insoluble in water. Heptanal reacts with benzaldehyde in a Knoevenagel reaction under basic catalysis with high yield and selectivity (> 90\\%) to alpha-pentylcinnamaldehyde (also called jasmine aldehyde because of the typical jasmine odor), which is mostly used in many fragrances as a cis/trans isomer mixture. Found in essential oils of ylang-ylang, clary sage, California orange, bitter orange and others. Flavouring agent

LysoPE(18:0/0:0)

C23H48NO7P (481.3168)

LysoPE(18:0/0:0) or LPE(18:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms. [HMDB] LysoPE(18:0/0:0) or LPE(18:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms.

(±)-2-Methylbutanal

C5H10O (86.0732)

(±)-2-Methylbutanal, also known as 2-methylbutyraldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 2 and 5 carbon atoms. (±)-2-Methylbutanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. (±)-2-Methylbutanal is an almond, cocoa, and coffee tasting compound. (±)-2-Methylbutanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within kohlrabis and milk (cow). (±)-2-Methylbutanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as sugar apples, horned melons, hyacinth beans, persian limes, and root vegetables. (±)-2-Methylbutanal, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; (±)-2-methylbutanal has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. (±)-2-methylbutanal, also known as 2-methylbutyraldehyde, is a member of the class of compounds known as short-chain aldehydes. Short-chain aldehydes are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 2 and 5 carbon atoms (±)-2-methylbutanal is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). (±)-2-methylbutanal can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Within the cell, (±)-2-methylbutanal is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It can also be found in the extracellular space.

Isovaleraldehyde

C5H10O (86.0732)

Iso-Valeraldehyde, also known as isoamyl aldehyde or 3-methyl-butanal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. Iso-Valeraldehyde exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Iso-Valeraldehyde is an aldehydic, chocolate, and ethereal tasting compound. Iso-Valeraldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), beers, and taco and in a lower concentration in kohlrabis, corns, and tortilla. Iso-Valeraldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as muskmelons, highbush blueberries, fenugreeks, hazelnuts, and dills. This could make iso-valeraldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. Iso-Valeraldehyde, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohns disease, perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment, and hepatic encephalopathy; iso-valeraldehyde has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Occurs in orange, bergamot, lemon, sandalwood, citronella, peppermint, eucalyptus and other oilsand is also in apple, grape, peach cider, vinegar, wines, wheatbreads, scallops and ginger

n-Butyl acetate

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

n-Butyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient used in apple flavours. n-Butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is an organic compound commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers and other products. It is also used as a synthetic fruit flavoring in foods such as candy, ice cream, cheeses, and baked goods. Butyl acetate is found in many types of fruit, where along with other chemicals it imparts characteristic flavors. Apples, especially of the Red Delicious variety, are flavored in part by this chemical. It is a colourless flammable liquid with a sweet smell of banana. Flavouring ingredient used in apple flavours

Dimethylsulfide

C2H6S (62.019)

Dimethylsulfide is the predominant volatile sulfur compound (VSC) in breadth malodor, a metabolite of suplatast tosilate (a dimethylsulphonium compound for the treatment of asthma) in patients that regularly take that medication. (PMID 14628896). Dimethylsulfide is a sulfur containing organic chemical compound with a disagreeable odor. In vapor form it is produced by cooking of certain vegetables, notably corn and cabbage, and seafood. It is also an indication of bacterial infection in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol. Dimethylsulfide in concentrated liquid form is insoluble and a flammable. This is a microbial metabolite that can be found in Bradyrhizobium, Cyanothece, Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Rhizobiaceae (PMID:25807229). Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S. Dimethyl sulfide is a water-insoluble flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C (99 °F) and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables, notably maize, cabbage, beetroot and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial infection in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol. Dimethyl sulfide is found in many foods, some of which are soft-necked garlic, chives, spearmint, and potato.

3'-Hydroxygenistein

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Orobol is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a radical scavenger, a plant metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Orobol is a natural product found in Tritirachium, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. 3-Hydroxygenistein is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer]

Isopropyl alcohol

C3H8O (60.0575)

Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol or 1-methylethanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R) (R,R=alkyl, aryl). It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Isopropyl alcohol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Isopropyl alcohol is an alcohol, bitter, and musty tasting compound. Isopropyl alcohol has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as papaya, roselles, apples, sweet cherries, and allium (onion). Isopropyl alcohol is an isomer of 1-propanol and is considered as a potentially toxic compound. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. Present in fruit aromas, e.g. papaya (Carica papaya). It is used as an extraction solvent in food preparation D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants D012997 - Solvents

o-Xylene

C8H10 (106.0782)

1,2-dimethylbenzene, also known as 2-xylene or ortho-xylene, is a member of the class of compounds known as O-xylenes. O-xylenes are aromatic compounds that contain a o-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions. 1,2-dimethylbenzene is a geranium tasting compound found in black walnut and papaya, which makes 1,2-dimethylbenzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1,2-dimethylbenzene can be found primarily in blood, feces, and saliva. 1,2-dimethylbenzene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 1,2-dimethylbenzene is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4(CH3)2. with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m-xylene and p-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes. o-Xylene is a colorless slightly oily flammable liquid . If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5\\% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of -oximes has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally (T3DB). o-Xylene belongs to the family of Toluenes. These are compounds containing a benzene ring which bears a methane group.

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid

C3H4O3S (119.9881)

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as 3-mercapto-2-oxopropanoate or beta-thiopyruvate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid and cyanide can be converted into pyruvic acid and thiocyanate; which is mediated by the enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In addition, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-mercaptolactic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme L-lactate dehydrogenase. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. Outside of the human body, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lima beans, spinachs, shallots, mexican groundcherries, and white lupines. This could make 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as beta-mercaptopyruvate or beta-thiopyruvic acid, belongs to alpha-keto acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be found in a number of food items such as garland chrysanthemum, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), tarragon, and arrowhead, which makes 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include cysteine metabolism and cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is also involved in beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria, which is a metabolic disorder. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. Instead, prodrugs, such as sulfanegen, are being evaluated to compensate for the short half-life of 3-mercaptopyruvic acid .

Sphinganine 1-phosphate

C18H40NO5P (381.2644)

Sphinganine 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids. It is a substrate for Sphingosine kinase 1, Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 2, Sphingosine kinase 2, Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1, Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 and Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 3. [HMDB]. Sphinganine 1-phosphate is found in many foods, some of which are winter squash, chicory roots, star fruit, and butternut squash. Sphinganine 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids. It is a substrate for Sphingosine kinase 1, Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 2, Sphingosine kinase 2, Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1, Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 and Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 3.

Lathosterol

C27H46O (386.3548)

Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID: 8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [HMDB] Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID:8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.

Glycerophosphoinositol

C9H19O11P (334.0665)

Glycerophosphoinositol (CAS: 16824-65-0), also known as 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol, is produced through deacylation by phospholipase B of the essential phospholipid phosphatidylinositol. Glycerophosphoinositols are ubiquitous phosphoinositide metabolites involved in the control of several cell functions. They exert their actions both intracellularly and by rapidly equilibrating across the plasma membrane. Their transport is mediated by the Glut2 transporter, the human ortholog of GIT1 (PMID: 17141226). Glycerophosphoinositol is a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.43) and is involved in the following reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = glycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate. It is also a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.44) which catalyzes the chemical reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Isolated from beef liver. Glycerylphosphoinositol is found in animal foods.

o-Cresol

C7H8O (108.0575)

o-Cresol is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene, O-cresol is a cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is widely used chemical with neurotoxicological properties (PMID:15687000). o-Cresol is used commercially as a disinfectant. Exposure may occur by inhalation, by cutaneous adsorption or by oral ingestion. o-Cresol denature and precipitate cellular proteins and thus may rapidly cause poisoning. o-Cresol is metabolized by conjugation and oxidation. Ingestion of o-Cresol cause intense burning of mouth and throat, followed by marked abdominal pain and distress. The minimum lethal dose of cresol by mouth is about 2 g (PMID 15040915). o-Cresol is a microbial metabolite that can be found in Pseudomonas. Besides, o-Cresol is one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the beavers castor glands and found in the white cedar consumed by the beavers. Together with many other compounds, o-cresol is traditionally extracted from coal tar, the volatile materials obtained in the production of coke from coal. A similar source material is petroleum residues. These residue contains a few percent by weight of phenol and isomeric cresols. In addition to the materials derived from these natural sources, about two thirds of the Western worlds supply is produced by methylation of phenol using methanol. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Methylphenol is found in many foods, some of which are yellow bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), arabica coffee, and asparagus.

Acetylene

C2H2 (26.0156)

Polyacetylene is also known as ethyne or ethin. Polyacetylene can be found in german camomile and roman camomile, which makes polyacetylene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Polyacetylene (IUPAC name: polyethyne) usually refers to an organic polymer with the repeating unit (C2H2)n. The name refers to its conceptual construction from polymerization of acetylene to give a chain with repeating olefin groups. This compound is conceptually important as the discovery of polyacetylene and its high conductivity upon doping helped to launch the field of organic conductive polymers. The high electrical conductivity discovered by Hideki Shirakawa, Alan Heeger, and Alan MacDiarmid for this polymer led to intense interest in the use of organic compounds in microelectronics (organic semiconductors). This discovery was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000. Early work in the field of polyacetylene research was aimed at using doped polymers as easily processable and lightweight "plastic metals". Despite the promise of this polymer in the field of conductive polymers, many of its properties such as instability to air and difficulty with processing have led to avoidance in commercial applications .

Desmosterol

C27H44O (384.3392)

Desmosterol is an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis that is caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase which results in an accumulation of demosterol (DHCR24, EC 1.3.1.72), combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia and includes 2-3 toe syndactyly with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS; the biochemical block in SLOS results in decreased cholesterol levels and increased 7-dehydrocholesterol levels). Desmosterolosis is caused by mutation of the 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene (DHCR24). Many of the malformations in SLOS and desmosterolosis are consistent with impaired hedgehog function. The hedgehog proteins include Sonic hedgehog (SHH), which plays a major role in midline patterning and limb development. Desmosterolosis, caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase, combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia. 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7, EC 1.3.1.21) reduces the C7-C8 double bond in the sterol B ring to form cholesterol or desmosterol depending upon the precursor. Desmosterol can be converted to cholesterol by DHCR24. Therefore, SLOS and Desmosterolosis patients invariably have elevated levels of cholesterol precursors 7-dehydrocholesterol (and its spontaneous isomer 8-dehydrocholesterol) and absent desmosterol. (PMID: 14631207, 16207203). Desmosterol is found in many foods, some of which are fig, sago palm, mexican groundcherry, and pepper (c. frutescens). Desmosterol is an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis that is caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase which results in an accumulation of demosterol (DHCR24, EC 1.3.1.72), combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia and includes 2-3 toe syndactyly with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS; the biochemical block in SLOS results in decreased cholesterol levels and increased 7-dehydrocholesterol levels). Desmosterolosis is caused by mutation of the 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene (DHCR24). Many of the malformations in SLOS and desmosterolosis are consistent with impaired hedgehog function. The hedgehog proteins include Sonic hedgehog (SHH), which plays a major role in midline patterning and limb development. Desmosterolosis, caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase, combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia. 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7, EC 1.3.1.21) reduces the C7-C8 double bond in the sterol B ring to form cholesterol or desmosterol depending upon the precursor. Desmosterol can be converted to cholesterol by DHCR24. Therefore, SLOS and Desmosterolosis patients invariably have elevated levels of cholesterol precursors 7-dehydrocholesterol (and its spontaneous isomer 8-dehydrocholesterol) and absent desmosterol. (PMID: 14631207, 16207203). Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1]. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].

Stearaldehyde

C18H36O (268.2766)

Stearaldehyde or octadecanal is a normal long chain fatty aldehyde that can be found in total lipid extracts of muscle tissue. Stearaldehyde can also be found in the plasma of patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by a deficiency of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). (PMID 14564703, 11408337). Octadecanal is often used as the substrate of choice to test FALDH activity in patients suspected of having Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. [HMDB] Stearaldehyde or octadecanal is a normal long chain fatty aldehyde that can be found in total lipid extracts of muscle tissue. Stearaldehyde can also be found in the plasma of patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by a deficiency of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). (PMID 14564703, 11408337). Octadecanal is often used as the substrate of choice to test FALDH activity in patients suspected of having Sjogren-Larsson syndrome.

Pentadecanal

C15H30O (226.2297)

Isolated from essential oil of Cinnamomum micranthum and from lemon oil (Citrus limon). Pentadecanal is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, herbs and spices, citrus, and coriander. Pentadecanal is found in citrus. Pentadecanal is isolated from essential oil of Cinnamomum micranthum and from lemon oil (Citrus limon

2-Pentanone

C5H10O (86.0732)

2-Pentanone, also known as ethyl acetone or fema 2842, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. 2-Pentanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, 2-pentanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-Pentanone is a sweet, alcohol, and banana tasting compound. 2-Pentanone is found, on average, in the highest concentration within milk (cow). 2-Pentanone has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as fats and oils, corns, apples, evergreen blackberries, and fruits. This could make 2-pentanone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Pentanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and crohns disease; 2-pentanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Isolated from soya oil (Glycine max), pineapple and a few other plant sources

Tetradecanoyl-CoA

C35H62N7O17P3S (977.3136)

Tetradecanoyl-CoA (or myristoyl-CoA) is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation and the beta oxidation of fatty acids. It is also used in the myristoylation of proteins. The first pass through the beta-oxidation process starts with the saturated fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA and produces myristoyl-CoA. A total of four enzymatic steps are required, starting with VLCAD CoA dehydrogenase (Very Long Chain) activity, followed by three enzymatic steps catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, all present in the mitochondria. Myristoylation of proteins is also catalyzed by the presence of myristoyl-CoA along with Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). Myristoylation is an irreversible, co-translational (during translation) protein modification found in animals, plants, fungi and viruses. In this protein modification a myristoyl group (derived from myristioyl CoA) is covalently attached via an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal amino acid of a nascent polypeptide. It is more common on glycine residues but also occurs on other amino acids. Myristoylation also occurs post-translationally, for example when previously internal glycine residues become exposed by caspase cleavage during apoptosis. Myristoylation plays a vital role in membrane targeting and signal transduction in plant responses to environmental stress. Compared to other species that possess a single functional myristoyl-CoA: protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) gene copy, human, mouse and cow possess 2 NMT genes, and more than 2 protein isoforms. Myristoyl-coa, also known as S-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a or myristoyl-coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. Long-chain fatty acyl coas are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. Myristoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myristoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as sea-buckthornberry, anise, chicory, and cassava, which makes myristoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Myristoyl-coa can be found primarily in human fibroblasts tissue. Myristoyl-coa exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, myristoyl-coa is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked, beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. Myristoyl-coa is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:0/14:0/22:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/12:0/14:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:1(9Z)/14:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(14:0/16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)).

Propanoyl phosphate

C3H7O5P (154.0031)

The phosphate ester of propanoic acid.

Nicotinamide riboside

C11H15N2O5+ (255.0981)

Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for the elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Nicotinamide riboside has recently been discovered to be an NAD(+) precursor that is converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. It has been shown that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends the lifespan of certain animal models without calorie restriction (PMID: 17482543). Supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (PMID: 22682224). Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role in the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID: 15137942). Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside has been identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role for phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID 15137942). [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol

C27H46O (386.3548)

5a-Cholest-8-en-3b-ol is a normal human metabolite and an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis. The concentrations of zymostenol are higher, both in serum and bile of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, compared to controls or in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. Kidney transplant recipients had lower serum zymostenol when compared to controls. During consumption of plant stanol ester spread by hypercholesterolemic children, plant sterols in the plasma decrease and cholesterol precursor sterols such as zymostenol increase. (PMID: 15736111, 16709621, 16477216, 12756385) [HMDB]. 5a-Cholest-8-en-3b-ol is found in many foods, some of which are chinese water chestnut, garden tomato, calabash, and cassava. 5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol, also known as zymostenol, is a normal human metabolite and an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis. The concentrations of zymostenol are higher, both in the serum and bile of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, compared to controls or in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. Kidney transplant recipients had lower serum zymostenol when compared to controls. During consumption of plant stanol ester spread by hypercholesterolemic children, plant sterols in the plasma decreased and cholesterol precursor sterols such as zymostenol increased (PMID: 15736111, 16709621, 16477216, 12756385).

adenosine 5-phosphoramidate

C10H15N6O6P (346.0791)

The phosphoramadite analogue of AMP.

3b,5a,6b-Cholestanetriol

C27H48O3 (420.3603)

3b,5a,6b-Cholestanetriol is a product of cholesterol oxidation found in human plasma. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites

7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one is a metabolite in bile acid synthesis. It is derived from 7a-hydroxy-cholesterol and can be further metabolized to 7a,12a,-dihydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one. Analysis of 7a-Hydroxycholestene-3-one (HCO) in serum may serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown origin (PMID 9952217) [HMDB] 7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one is a metabolite in bile acid synthesis. It is derived from 7a-hydroxy-cholesterol and can be further metabolized to 7a,12a,-dihydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one. Analysis of 7a-Hydroxycholestene-3-one (HCO) in serum may serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown origin (PMID 9952217).

Indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Indoxyl, also known as 1H-indol-3-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyindoles. These are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. Indoxyl is isomeric with oxindol and is obtained as an oily liquid. Indoxyl exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Indoxyl is obtained from indican, which is a glycoside. Obermayers reagent is a dilute solution FeCl3 in hydrochloric acid. The hydrolysis of indican yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent such as atmospheric oxygen. In chemistry, indoxyl is a nitrogenous substance with the chemical formula: C8H7NO. Indoxyl can be found in urine and is titrated with Obermayers reagent. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent, eg. atmospheric oxygen.

Acetohexamide

C15H20N2O4S (324.1144)

Acetohexamide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide. [PubChem]Sulfonylureas such as acetohexamide bind to an ATP-dependent K⁺ channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits a tonic, hyperpolarizing outflux of potassium, which causes the electric potential over the membrane to become more positive. This depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels. The rise in intracellular calcium leads to increased fusion of insulin granulae with the cell membrane, and therefore increased secretion of (pro)insulin. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents

Chlorobenzene

C6H5Cl (112.008)

Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Rhodococcus phenolicus is a bacterium species able to degrade chlorobenzene as sole carbon sources.

m-Xylene

C8H10 (106.0782)

M-xylene, also known as 1,3-dimethylbenzene or M-xylol, is a member of the class of compounds known as M-xylenes. M-xylenes are aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions. M-xylene is a plastic tasting compound found in black walnut, parsley, and safflower, which makes M-xylene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. M-xylene can be found primarily in blood and feces. M-xylene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. M-xylene is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. m-Xylene (meta-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene known collectively as xylenes. The m- stands for meta-, indicating that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring. It is in the positions of the two methyl groups, their arene substitution pattern, that it differs from the other isomers, o-xylene and p-xylene. All have the same chemical formula C6H4(CH3)2. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable . If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5\\% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of -oximes has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally (T3DB). m-Xylene, also known as 1,3-xylene or m-dimethylbenzene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as m-xylenes. These are aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions. The conversion m-xylene to isophthalic acid entails catalytic oxidation. m-Xylene (meta-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. m-Xylene is possibly neutral. m-Xylene is a plastic tasting compound. m-xylene is found, on average, in the highest concentration in safflowers. m-xylene has also been detected, but not quantified, in black walnuts and parsley. This could make m-xylene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Xylenes are not acutely toxic, for example the LD50 (rat, oral) is 4300 mg/kg. m-Xylene is a potentially toxic compound. Concerns with xylenes focus on narcotic effects. The m- stands for meta-, indicating that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable. Petroleum contains about 1 weight percent xylenes.

2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinone

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

Phosphoramide mustard

C4H11Cl2N2O2P (219.9935)

Phosphoramide mustard is a metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide (trade names Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Revimmune), also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group. An alkylating agent adds an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA. It attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, at the number 7 nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring. It is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. (Wikipedia) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Entacapone

C14H15N3O5 (305.1012)

Entacapone is an inhibitor drug of catechol O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the reaction between catechol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to produce guaiacol and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [HMDB] Entacapone is an inhibitor drug of catechol O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the reaction between catechol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to produce guaiacol and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065098 - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

Tolcapone

C14H11NO5 (273.0637)

Tolcapone is a drug that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). It is used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa medication. It is a yellow, odorless, non-hygroscopic, crystalline compound. Tolcapone is associated with a risk of hepatotoxicity. [Wikipedia] D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065098 - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

Dimethyldisulfide

C2H6S2 (93.9911)

Dimethyldisulfide is a volatile organic compound. Methyl disulfide is occasionally found as a volatile component of normal human breath and biofluids. Dimethyldisulfide is one of the representative volatile components found in oral malodor. Dimethyldisulfide concentrations in breath is a practical noninvasive way to assess recent exposure to sulfur compounds in sulfate pulp mills, and therefore it should be applicable to workplaces contaminated. (PMID: 5556886, 14691119, 11236158, 8481097). Isolated from garlic oil (Allium sativum), also in onion (Allium cepa), ramsons (Allium ursinum), morello cherry, melon, pineapple, strawberry, wheat bread, cocoa, roasted barley, roasted filberts, roasted peanuts, crispbread, American potato chips, soybean and other foodstuffs. Flavouring ingredient.

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.

Gnidicin

C36H36O10 (628.2308)

Zaluzanin C

C15H18O3 (246.1256)

A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by methylidene groups at positions 3, 6 and 9 and a hydroxy group at position 8.

alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol

C15H24O (220.1827)

(7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a constituent of sandalwood oil. (7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a flavouring agent

Selagine

C15H18N2O (242.1419)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease[1][2][3][4][5]. (±)-Huperzine A, an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IC50 value: Target: AChE (±)-Huperzine A exhibited protective effects against d-gal-induced hepatotoxicity and inflamm-aging by inhibiting AChE activity and via the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The (±)-Huperzine A mechanism might be involved in the inhibition of DAMPs-mediated NF-κB nuclear localization and activation. (±)-Huperzine A is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. (±)-Huperzine A, an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IC50 value: Target: AChE (±)-Huperzine A exhibited protective effects against d-gal-induced hepatotoxicity and inflamm-aging by inhibiting AChE activity and via the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The (±)-Huperzine A mechanism might be involved in the inhibition of DAMPs-mediated NF-κB nuclear localization and activation. (±)-Huperzine A is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.

Aucaparin

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

Aucuparin, also known as 3,5-dimethoxy-(1,1-biphenyl)-4-ol or 2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol, belongs to biphenyls and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond. Aucuparin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aucuparin can be found in loquat and rowanberry, which makes aucuparin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Robustaflavone

C30H18O10 (538.09)

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity.

Sciadopitysin

C33H24O10 (580.1369)

Sciadopitysin is a biflavonoid that is a 7, 4, 4-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent and a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It is a biflavonoid, a hydroxyflavone, a methoxyflavone and a ring assembly. It is functionally related to an amentoflavone. Sciadopitysin is a natural product found in Podocarpus elongatus, Podocarpus urbanii, and other organisms with data available. A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4, 4-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Sciadopitysin is a type of biflavonoids in leaves from ginkgo biloba[1]. Sciadopitysi inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1[2]. Sciadopitysin is a type of biflavonoids in leaves from ginkgo biloba[1]. Sciadopitysi inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1[2].

LICARIN A

C20H22O4 (326.1518)

(-)-Licarin A is a natural product found in Magnolia dodecapetala, Magnolia kachirachirai, and other organisms with data available. Dehydrodiisoeugenol is a natural product found in Myristica fragrans with data available. Dehydrodiisoeugenol is isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial actions[1]. Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits LPS- stimulated NF-κB activation and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in murine macrophages[2]. Dehydrodiisoeugenol is isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial actions[1]. Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits LPS- stimulated NF-κB activation and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in murine macrophages[2]. Licarin A ((+)-Licarin A), a neolignan, significantly and dose-dependently reduces TNF-α production (IC50=12.6 μM) in dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Anti-allergic effects. Licarin A reduces TNF-α and PGD2 production, and COX-2 expression[1]. Licarin A ((+)-Licarin A), a neolignan, significantly and dose-dependently reduces TNF-α production (IC50=12.6 μM) in dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Anti-allergic effects. Licarin A reduces TNF-α and PGD2 production, and COX-2 expression[1].

Ethanone, 1-(9-azabicyclo(4.2.1)non-2-en-2-yl)-, (1R)-

C10H15NO (165.1154)

Benomyl

C14H18N4O3 (290.1379)

Benomyl is an Agricultural and horticultural systemic fungicide mainly used on rice and soybea D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

C7H6N2O4 (182.0328)

methoxymethane

C2H6O (46.0419)

Teniposide

C32H32O13S (656.1564)

A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. [PubChem] Same as: D02698

Aziridine

C2H5N (43.0422)

Glucosidase, also known as ethyleneimine or azacyclopropane, is a member of the class of compounds known as aziridines. Aziridines are organic compounds containing a saturated three-member heterocycle with one amino group and two methylene groups. Glucosidase is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Glucosidase can be found in soy bean and wild celery, which makes glucosidase a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Glucosidases are glycoside hydrolase enzymes categorized under the EC number 3.2.1 . C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

Phenamil

C12H12ClN7O (305.0792)

Gallopamil

C28H40N2O5 (484.2937)

C - Cardiovascular system > C08 - Calcium channel blockers > C08D - Selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects > C08DA - Phenylalkylamine derivatives C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker Same as: D08009

TRAM-3

C19H15ClO (294.0811)

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene

C10H12 (132.0939)

Benzo[ghi]perylene

C22H12 (276.0939)

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

C22H14 (278.1095)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of considerable tumorigenicity. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene results in DNA adduct formation leading to the activation of a DNA damage response. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via both Tp53-dependent and Tp53-independent mechanisms[1][2].

Heptachlor exo-epoxide

C10H5Cl7O (385.816)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Pentachloronitrobenzene

C6Cl5NO2 (292.8372)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol

C3H6Cl2O (127.9796)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D003432 - Cross-Linking Reagents D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

O-Ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate

C14H14NO4PS (323.0381)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Benzo[e]pyrene

C20H12 (252.0939)

(Chloromethyl)oxirane

C3H5ClO (92.0029)

(Chloromethyl)oxirane is used for cross-linking dextrose units in food starc It is used for cross-linking dextrose units in food starch.

Mesitylene

C9H12 (120.0939)

Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents symmetrically placed on the ring. Isomeric trimethylbenzenes include hemimellitene (1,2,3-trimethylbenzene) and pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). All three compounds have the formula C6H3(CH3)3, which is commonly abbreviated C6H3Me3. Mesitylene is a colourless liquid with sweet aromatic odor. It is a component of coal tar, which is its traditional source. It is a precursor to diverse fine chemicals. The mesityl group (Mes) is a substituent with the formula C6H3Me3.

Ethyl-4,4-dichlorobenzilate

C16H14Cl2O3 (324.032)

Cortancyl

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

Same as: D08416

Paraffin wax

C10H13ClN2 (196.0767)

Masticatory substance in chewing gum base, adhesive component, coatings, glazing agent (Japan). Liquid paraffin, or mineral oil, is a mixture of heavier alkanes, and has a number of names, including nujol, adepsine oil, alboline, glymol, medicinal paraffin, saxol, or USP mineral oil. It has a density of around 0.8 g/cm3. Liquid paraffin (medicinal) is used to aid bowel movement in persons suffering chronic constipation; it passes through the gastrointestinal tract without itself being taken into the body, but it limits the amount of water removed from the stool. In the food industry, where it may be called "wax", it can be used as a lubricant in mechanical mixing, applied to baking tins to ensure that loaves are easily released when cooked and as a coating for fruit or other items requiring a "shiny" appearance for sale. It is often used in infrared spectroscopy, as it has a relatively uncomplicated IR spectrum. When the sample to be tested is made into a mull (a very thick paste), liquid paraffin is added so it can be spread on the transparent (to infrared) mounting plates to be tested.; Paraffin wax (C25H52) is an excellent material to store heat, having a specific heat capacity of 2.14?2.9 J g?1 K?1 (joule per gram per kelvin) and a heat of fusion of 200?220 J g?1. This property is exploited in modified drywall for home building material: it is infused in the drywall during manufacture so that, when installed, it melts during the day, absorbing heat, and solidifies again at night, releasing the heat. Paraffin wax phase change cooling coupled with retractable radiators was used to cool the electronics of the Lunar Rover. Wax expands considerably when it melts and this allows its use in thermostats for industrial, domestic and, particularly, automobile purposes.; Paraffin wax is one of several acceptable candle waxes used in the Jewish menorah ritual.; Pure paraffin wax is an excellent electrical insulator, with an electrical resistivity of between 1013 and 1017 ohm metre. This is better than nearly all other materials except some plastics (notably teflon). It is an effective neutron moderator and was used in James Chadwicks 1932 experiments to identify the neutron. Paraffin wax is found in many foods, some of which are avocado, dill, sugar apple, and soursop. Masticatory substance in chewing gum base, adhesive component, coatings, glazing agent (Japan) D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide

C20H12O (268.0888)

This compound belongs to the family of Chrysenes. These are compounds containing the polyaromatic chrysene moiety, which consists of a benzene ring fused to a phenanthrene ring system to form Benzo[a]phenanthrene. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

4-{[(5,5,8,8-Tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid

C22H25NO3 (351.1834)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10139; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10138 INTERNAL_ID 333; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10139; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10138 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10159; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10156 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10167; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10194 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10187; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10186 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10123; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10122 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5489 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5465; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5461 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5482; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5480 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5469; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5467 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5500; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5495 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 333; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5570; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5568 D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

2-[(4-{2-[(4-Cyclohexylbutyl)(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)amino]ethyl}phenyl)sulfanyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid

C29H46N2O3S (502.3229)

GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.

{4-[({2-[3-Fluoro-4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-Methyl-1,3-Thiazol-5-Yl}methyl)sulfanyl]-2-Methylphenoxy}acetic Acid

C21H17F4NO3S2 (471.0586)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10481; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10479 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10494; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10490 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10524; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10520 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10518; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10516 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10469; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10466 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10519; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10516 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5241; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5238 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5267; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5265 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5258; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5256 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5274; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5271 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5266; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5264 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1372; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5246; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5244 GW0742 is a potent PPARβ and PPARδ agonist, with an IC50 of 1 nM for human PPARδ in binding assay, and EC50s of 1 nM, 1.1 μM and 2 μM for human PPARδ, PPARα, and PPARγ, respectively.

ST 27:2;O2

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

CITCO

C19H12Cl3N3OS (434.9767)

Cervonyl coenzyme A

C43H66N7O17P3S (1077.3449)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

2E-Dodecenedioic acid

C12H20O4 (228.1362)

Traumatic acid is a monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid naturally ocurring in plants. The compound was first isolated from wounded bean plants by American chemists James English Jr. and James Frederick Bonner and Dutch scientist Aire Jan Haagen-Smit in 1939. Traumatic acid is a potent wound healing agent in plants ("wound hormone") that stimulates cell division near a trauma site to form a protective callus and to heal the damaged tissue. It may also act as a growth hormone, especially in inferior plants (e.g. algae). Traumatic acid is biosynthesized in plants by non-enzimatic oxidation of traumatin (12-oxo-trans-10-dodecanoic acid), another wound hormone. At normal conditions, traumatic acid is a solid, crystalized, water insoluble substance. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2]. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2].

4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene

C7H7N3O5 (213.0386)

4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, also known as 4-hadnt, is a member of the class of compounds known as dinitrotoluenes. Dinitrotoluenes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single methyl group and exactly two nitro groups. 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene can be found in a number of food items such as elderberry, pigeon pea, tea leaf willow, and tree fern, which makes 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene

C7H7N3O5 (213.0386)

2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, also known as 2-hadnt or 4,6-dinitro-2-hydroxylaminotoluene, is a member of the class of compounds known as dinitrotoluenes. Dinitrotoluenes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single methyl group and exactly two nitro groups. 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene can be found in a number of food items such as rye, jujube, komatsuna, and allspice, which makes 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Isopren

C5H8 (68.0626)

Isoprene, also known as 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene or 2-methyldivinyl, is a member of the class of compounds known as branched unsaturated hydrocarbons. Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms, and an aliphatic branch. Isoprene can be found in carrot, sweet orange, and wild carrot, which makes isoprene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2. In its pure form it is a colorless volatile liquid. Isoprene is produced by many plants, and its polymers are the main component of natural rubber. C. G. Williams named the compound in 1860 after obtaining it from thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of natural rubber; he correctly deduced the empirical formula C5H8 .

palytoxin

C129H223N3O54 (2678.4795)

A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D003064 - Cnidarian Venoms D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms

Carthamin

C43H42O22 (910.2168)

Carthamin is found in fats and oils. Red pigment of flower petals of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), earlier known as carthamine. It is used as a dye and a food coloring. As a food additive, it is known as Natural Red 26 Red pigment of flower petals of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)

2-Amino-2-deoxyisochorismate

C10H11NO5 (225.0637)

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

24-epi-brassinolide is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. 24-epi-Brassinolide is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Vicia faba, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of bee collected rape pollen (Brassica napus). Brassinolide is found in many foods, some of which are coconut, grass pea, red huckleberry, and strawberry guava. Brassinolide is found in brassicas. Brassinolide is a constituent of bee collected rape pollen (Brassica napus). D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2]. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2].

Wy-14643

C14H14ClN3O2S (323.0495)

D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens > D020025 - Peroxisome Proliferators D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Pirinixic acid (Wy-14643) is a potent agonist of PPARα, with EC50s of 0.63 μM, 32 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 5.0 μM, 60 μM, 35 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.

DL-Homocysteine

C4H9NO2S (135.0354)

DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain.

METHIONINE SULFOXIMINE

C5H12N2O3S (180.0569)

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . KEIO_ID M114

dictamine

C12H9NO2 (199.0633)

Dictamnine is an oxacycle, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound and an alkaloid antibiotic. Dictamnine is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. A furoquinoline alkaloid, dictamnine, is very common within the family Rutaceae. It is the main alkaloid in the roots of Dictamnus albus and responsible for the mutagenicity of the drug derived from crude extracts. Dictamnine was also reported to be a phototoxic and photomutagenic compound. It participates in the severe skin phototoxicity of the plant. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Dimethyl_phthalate

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Dimethyl phthalate appears as a water-white liquid without significant odor. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Flash point 300 °F. Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation. Used in the manufacture of a variety of products including plastics, insect repellents, safety glass, and lacquer coatings. Dimethyl phthalate is a phthalate ester, a diester and a methyl ester. Dimethyl phthalate has many uses, including in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants. Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dimethyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported slight effects on growth and on the kidney from chronic oral exposure to the chemical. EPA has classified dimethyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogencity. Dimethyl phthalate is a natural product found in Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Allium ampeloprasum, and other organisms with data available. Dimethyl phthalate is a phthalate ester. Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride. They are found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, childrens toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles. Phthalates are hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors. They are being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns. (L1903) P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives ATC code: P03BX02

ribosylzeatin

C15H21N5O5 (351.1543)

9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin is a 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a cytokinin. It is a nucleoside analogue and a 9-ribosylzeatin. It is functionally related to an adenosine. Zeatin riboside is a natural product found in Rhodococcus fascians, Pseudomonas syringae, and other organisms with data available. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins A 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

14R,15S-EpETrE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

14R,15S-EpETrE is the dominant extracellular metabolite of epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid released from human luteinised granulosa cells. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001) [HMDB] 14R,15S-EpETrE is the dominant extracellular metabolite of epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid released from human luteinised granulosa cells. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

(S)-2-Methylbutanal

C5H10O (86.0732)

(S)-2-Methylbutanal is found in coffee and coffee products. (S)-2-Methylbutanal is found in tea, coffee, peppermint oil (Mentha piperita

Melissic acid A

C30H60O2 (452.4593)

Melissic acid A is found in fats and oils. Melissic acid A is found in some plant waxes, e.g. cotto Found in some plant waxes, e.g. cotton

(+)-Epibatidine

C11H13ClN2 (208.0767)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

(Z)-7-((2S,3R)-3-((2Z,5Z)-Undeca-2,5-dienyl)oxiran-2-yl)hept-5-enoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

Aconine

C25H41NO9 (499.2781)

Aconine inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation. Aconine inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation.

Dehydrodiisoeugenol

C20H22O4 (326.1518)

3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine

C10H13NO4 (211.0845)

C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AB - Methyldopa D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents

Gibberellins

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Gibberellic acid is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

2-Aminoadipic acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

Aminoadipic acid, also known as a-aminoadipate or Aad, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Aminoadipic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Aminoadipic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Within humans, aminoadipic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, aminoadipic acid can be biosynthesized from allysine; which is mediated by the enzyme Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, aminoadipic acid and oxoglutaric acid can be converted into oxoadipic acid and L-glutamic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial. In humans, aminoadipic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria. Outside of the human body, Aminoadipic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as wheats, milk (cow), and ryes and in a lower concentration in dills, garden onions, and white cabbages. Aminoadipic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as barley, cow milks, cow milks, cow milks, and cow milks. This could make aminoadipic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Aminoadipic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Aminoadipic acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria, colorectal cancer, metastatic melanoma, and eosinophilic esophagitis; aminoadipic acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder 2-ketoadipic acidemia. A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate; (NMDA). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine. Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.

5,6-dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

Dihydrothymine, also known as 5,6-dihydro-5-methyluracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine, (S)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydropyrimidines. Hydropyrimidines are compounds containing a hydrogenated pyrimidine ring (i.e. containing less than the maximum number of double bonds.). Dihydrothymine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydrothymine can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, arrowroot, nopal, and red rice, which makes dihydrothymine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dihydrothymine can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. Dihydrothymine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, dihydrothymine is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Dihydrothymine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Moreover, dihydrothymine is found to be associated with beta-ureidopropionase deficiency and dihydropyrimidinase deficiency. Dihydrothymine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Dihydrothymine is an intermediate in the metabolism of thymine . Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of thymine to 5, 6-dihydrothymine then dihydropyrimidinase hydrolyzes 5, 6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-b-alanine. Finally, beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-b-alanine to beta-alanine. Accumulation of dihydrothymine in the body has been shown to be toxic (T3DB). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

FA 14:1

C14H26O2 (226.1933)

Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1]. Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1].

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

FA 22:5

C22H34O2 (330.2559)

Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3) is a component of phospholipids found in all animal cell membranes.

Dehydroabietic acid

C20H28O2 (300.2089)

Dehydroabietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. It has a role as a metabolite and an allergen. It is an abietane diterpenoid, a monocarboxylic acid and a carbotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to an abietic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dehydroabietate. Dehydroabietic acid is a natural product found in Nostoc, Relhania corymbosa, and other organisms with data available. Dehydroabietic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1]. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1].

Gomisin

C30H32O9 (536.2046)

Schisantherin A is a tannin. Schisantherin A is a natural product found in Kadsura heteroclita, Schisandra henryi, and other organisms with data available. See also: Schisandra chinensis fruit (part of). Gomisin G is an ethanolic extract of the stems of Kadsura interior; exhibits potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic index (TI) values of 0.006 microgram/mL and 300, respectively. Gomisin G is an ethanolic extract of the stems of Kadsura interior; exhibits potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic index (TI) values of 0.006 microgram/mL and 300, respectively. Schisantherin A is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation. Schisantherin A is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation.

Stachydrine

C7H13NO2 (143.0946)

L-proline betaine is an amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. It has a role as a food component, a plant metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid, an alkaloid and an amino-acid betaine. It is functionally related to a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate base of a N,N-dimethyl-L-prolinium. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline betaine. Stachydrine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Stachydrine is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Halopithys incurva, and other organisms with data available. Proline betaine is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. It is thought to serve an osmoprotective role for the kidney. Proline betaine is a glycine betaine analogue found in many citrus foods. Elevated levels of proline betaine in human urine are found after the consumption of citrus fruits and juices (PMID: 18060588). Proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Alkaloid from Citrus spp Medicago sativa and Stachys subspecies(alfalfa). L-Stachydrine or also called proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. L-Stachydrine is found in many foods, some of which are capers, pulses, lemon, and alfalfa. An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

24-epi-brassinolide is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. 24-epi-Brassinolide is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Vicia faba, and other organisms with data available. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2]. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2].

Coronaric acid

C18H32O3 (296.2351)

dihydrouracil

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2]. Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2].

4-hydroxyproline

C5H9NO3 (131.0582)

A monohydroxyproline where the hydroxy group is located at the 4-position. It is found in fibrillar collagen. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; PMMYEEVYMWASQN_STSL_0115_4-Hydroxyproline_8000fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_67; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors[1][2][3][4]. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors[1][2][3][4]. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.

Afzelin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Afzelin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a glycosyloxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of an afzelin(1-). Afzelin is a natural product found in Premna odorata, Vicia tenuifolia, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside) is is a flavonol glycoside found in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and is widely used in the preparation of antibacterial and antipyretic agents, detoxicants and for the treatment of inflammation. Afzelin attenuates the mitochondrial damage, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases the level of mitophagy-related proteins, parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. Afzelin improves the survival rate and reduces the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in D-galactosamine (GalN)/LPS -treated mice[1]. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin[1][2][3][4]. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside) is is a flavonol glycoside found in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and is widely used in the preparation of antibacterial and antipyretic agents, detoxicants and for the treatment of inflammation. Afzelin attenuates the mitochondrial damage, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases the level of mitophagy-related proteins, parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. Afzelin improves the survival rate and reduces the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in D-galactosamine (GalN)/LPS -treated mice[1].

Eriocitrin

C27H32O15 (596.1741)

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a trihydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1]. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1].

Orobol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE

C18H15OP (278.086)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8827; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8826 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8840; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8839 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8869 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8871; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8868 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8885 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2472 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8813 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8250 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3587 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3587; CONFIDENCE standard compound

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases[1]. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases[1].

Dodecenedioate (C12:1-DC)

C12H20O4 (228.1362)

Traumatic acid is a monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid naturally ocurring in plants. The compound was first isolated from wounded bean plants by American chemists James English Jr. and James Frederick Bonner and Dutch scientist Aire Jan Haagen-Smit in 1939. Traumatic acid is a potent wound healing agent in plants ("wound hormone") that stimulates cell division near a trauma site to form a protective callus and to heal the damaged tissue. It may also act as a growth hormone, especially in inferior plants (e.g. algae). Traumatic acid is biosynthesized in plants by non-enzimatic oxidation of traumatin (12-oxo-trans-10-dodecanoic acid), another wound hormone. At normal conditions, traumatic acid is a solid, crystalized, water insoluble substance. Traumatic acid is a monounsaturated straight-chain dicarboxylic acid with the double bond at C-2; a plant wound-healing hormone. It has a role as a plant hormone. Traumatic acid is a natural product found in Meehania urticifolia with data available. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2]. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2].

5,7-Dimethoxyflavone

C17H14O4 (282.0892)

Chrysin 5,7-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysin. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a natural product found in Anaphalis busua, Helichrysum herbaceum, and other organisms with data available. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). Constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). 5,7-Dimethylchrysin is found in tea. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2]. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2].

Aspartame

C14H18N2O5 (294.1216)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N_STSL_0231_Aspartame_0031fmol_190114_S2_LC02MS02_038; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5809 Aspartame (SC-18862) is a methyl ester of a dipeptide. Aspartame can be used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener[1][2].

Terbutylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 284 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Boscalid

C18H12Cl2N2O (342.0327)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2938

Fenhexamid

C14H17Cl2NO2 (301.0636)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3057

Phosmet

C11H12NO4PS2 (316.9945)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3101

Diethyltoluamide

C12H17NO (191.131)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals Same as: D02379 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

α-Aminoadipic acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

An optically active form of 2-aminoadipic acid having D-configuration. The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 9 Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine. Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

dihydroergotamine

C33H37N5O5 (583.2795)

Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02C - Antimigraine preparations > N02CA - Ergot alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.880 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.878 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.874

Scoparone

C11H10O4 (206.0579)

Annotation level-1 D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Atractylenolide III

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

Annotation level-1 Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Methionine sulfoxide

C5H11NO3S (165.046)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; QEFRNWWLZKMPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0131_Methionine sulfoxide_2000fmol_180425_S2_LC02_MS02_81; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.052 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.050 L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH), a metabolite of Methionine, induces M1/classical macrophage polarization, and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters[1]. Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo. Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.

primidone

C12H14N2O2 (218.1055)

N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Megestrol acetate

C24H32O4 (384.23)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants > D019167 - Appetite Stimulants C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Entacapone

C14H15N3O5 (305.1012)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065098 - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

Tolcapone

C14H11NO5 (273.0637)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065098 - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4727; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4722 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4810; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4806 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4841; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4839 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4812; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4809 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4896 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4752; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4748

Carbimazole

C7H10N2O2S (186.0463)

H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BB - Sulfur-containing imidazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6042; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6040 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6076; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6074 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6087; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6102; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6100

paraxanthine

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; QUNWUDVFRNGTCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0243_Paraxanthine_1000fmol_190413_S2_LC02MS02_060; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, provides protection against Dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of Ryanodine Receptor Channels.

O-PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE

C2H8NO4P (141.0191)

Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite. Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite.

Cycloleucine

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant

RGX-202

C4H9N3O2 (131.0695)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C177430 - Agent Targeting Cancer Metabolism

Lignoceric acid

C24H48O2 (368.3654)

A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

GLYCERIC ACID

C3H6O4 (106.0266)

A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.

Ziprasidone

C21H21ClN4OS (412.1125)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AE - Indole derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8529 Ziprasidone (CP-88059), an orally active antipsychotic agent, is a combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist[1]. Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM)[1].

H-Met(O)-OH

C5H11NO3S (165.046)

L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH), a metabolite of Methionine, induces M1/classical macrophage polarization, and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters[1].

MONOCROTOPHOS

C7H14NO5P (223.061)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3133

dimethoate

C5H12NO3PS2 (228.9996)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3009

mevinphos

C7H13O6P (224.045)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

FENOXYCARB

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Cafestol

C20H28O3 (316.2038)

Cafestol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, a hypoglycemic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a diterpenoid, a member of furans and a primary alcohol. Cafestol is a natural product found in Coffea arabica, Diplospora dubia, and other organisms with data available. An organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1]. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1]. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects[1].

Physostigmine

C15H21N3O2 (275.1634)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5547; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5545 S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D008916 - Miotics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5557; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5565; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5563 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5582; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5581 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5563; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5562 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5574; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5571 Formula(Parent): C15H21N3O2; Bottle Name:Eserine; PRIME Parent Name:Eserine / Physostigmine; PRIME in-house No.:V0352 0226; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from tryptophan, Simple tryptamine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Annotation level-1

Dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

A pyrimidone obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of thymine. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

Phenylacetylglycine

C10H11NO3 (193.0739)

A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1]. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1].

isopropanol

C3H8O (60.0575)

D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants D012997 - Solvents

3-mercaptopyruvic acid

C3H4O3S (119.9881)

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a sulfanyl group at position 3.

o-cresol

C7H8O (108.0575)

A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.

indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Isovaleraldehyde

C5H10O (86.0732)

A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives.

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide

C4H6N4O (126.0542)

An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4. 5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICA) is an important precursor for the synthesis of purines in general and of the nucleobases adenine and guanine in particular.

acetohydroxamic acid

C2H5NO2 (75.032)

A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

Etomidate

C14H16N2O2 (244.1212)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

N-METHYLANILINE

C7H9N (107.0735)

Nelfinavir

C32H45N3O4S (567.3131)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AE - Protease inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D000084762 - Viral Protease Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor > C97366 - HIV Protease Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

prochlorperazine

C20H24ClN3S (373.1379)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

Tiagabine

C20H25NO2S2 (375.1327)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D058805 - GABA Uptake Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AG - Fatty acid derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Tolterodine

C22H31NO (325.2406)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents Tolterodine(PNU-200583) is a potent muscarinic receptor antagonists that show selectivity for the urinary bladder over salivary glands in vivo. IC50 Value: Target: mAChR in vitro: Carbachol-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig bladder were effectively inhibited by tolterodine (IC50 14 nM) and 5-HM (IC50 5.7 nM). The IC50 values were in the microM range and the antimuscarinic potency of tolterodine was 27, 200 and 370-485 times higher, respectively, than its potency in blocking histamine receptors, alpha-adrenoceptors and calcium channels. The active metabolite, 5-HM, was >900 times less potent at these sites than at bladder muscarinic receptors [1]. in vivo: Tolterodine was extensively metabolized in vivo [2]. In the passive-avoidance test, tolterodine at 1 or 3 mg/kg had no effect on memory; the latency to cross and percentage of animals crossing were comparable to controls. In contrast, scopolamine induced a memory deficit; the latency to cross was decreased, and the number of animals crossing was increased [3].

Decanal

C10H20O (156.1514)

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid). Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate. Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate.

Octanal

C8H16O (128.1201)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1]. Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1].

Skatole

C9H9N (131.0735)

A methylindole carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is produced during the anoxic metabolism of L-tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1]. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1].

Flavin mononucleotide

C17H21N4O9P (456.1046)

A flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester. D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins

HT-2 Toxin

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

Oleamide

C18H35NO (281.2719)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives A fatty amide derived from oleic acid. Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide which can be synthesized de novo in the mammalian nervous system, and has been detected in human plasma.

FA 18:3

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].

triphenylphosphineoxide

C18H15OP (278.086)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1081

Debrisoquin

C10H13N3 (175.1109)

C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CC - Guanidine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map ATC code: C02CC04 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

ropinirole

C16H24N2O (260.1889)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents > N04BC - Dopamine agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2711

2,3-cyclic AMP

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

Adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate is part of the purine metabolism pathway. In this pathway, 2,3-cyclic AMP is reversibly converted to 3-AMP via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 2-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16). (KEGG) [HMDB]

Lumichrome

C12H10N4O2 (242.0804)

A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism[1][2].

CHLORDIMEFORM

C10H13ClN2 (196.0767)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5932; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5931 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5951; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5949 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5951; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5949 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5958; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5956 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 751; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5950; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5948

acetohexamide

C15H20N2O4S (324.1144)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4168; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4170; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4125; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4121 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4143; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4140 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4151; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4150 ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4163; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4165; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4163 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8394; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8389 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8413; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8409 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8458; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8454 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8485 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8471; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8468

Sphinganine 1-phosphate

C18H40NO5P (381.2644)

A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is the monophosphorylated derivative of sphinganine.

2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid

C6H7NO3S (173.0147)

2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Desmesterol

C27H44O (384.3392)

A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1]. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucosylamine

C8H16N2O5 (220.1059)

7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

Cyprodinil

C14H15N3 (225.1266)

Melissic acid

C30H60O2 (452.4593)

A C30, very long straight-chain, saturated fatty acid.

PENTADECANAL

C15H30O (226.2297)

A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is pentadecane carrying an oxo substituent at position 1. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Solanum erianthum and Cassia siamea.

Catechin C

C15H14O6 (290.079)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

C30:0

C30H60O2 (452.4593)

FA 22:5

C22H34O2 (330.2559)

The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions. Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3) is a component of phospholipids found in all animal cell membranes.

leukotoxin

C18H32O3 (296.2351)

8,9-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

Heptanal

C7H14O (114.1045)

FAL 15:0

C15H30O (226.2297)

FAL 18:0

C18H36O (268.2766)

CoA 14:0

C35H62N7O17P3S (977.3136)

CoA 22:6

C43H66N7O17P3S (1077.3449)

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid. It is a member of n-3 PUFA and a product of alpha-linolenoic acid metabolism.

CAR 10:0

C17H33NO4 (315.2409)

Lathosterol

C27H46O (386.3548)

Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.

Zymostenol

C27H46O (386.3548)

brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.

Coenzyme Q6

C39H58O4 (590.4335)

CHLOROBENZENE

C6H5Cl (112.008)

2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

d-Corlin

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

COUMAPHOS

C14H16ClO5PS (362.0145)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Gallopamil

C28H40N2O5 (484.2937)

C - Cardiovascular system > C08 - Calcium channel blockers > C08D - Selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects > C08DA - Phenylalkylamine derivatives C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker Same as: D08009

GW0742

C21H17F4NO3S2 (471.0586)

GW0742 is a potent PPARβ and PPARδ agonist, with an IC50 of 1 nM for human PPARδ in binding assay, and EC50s of 1 nM, 1.1 μM and 2 μM for human PPARδ, PPARα, and PPARγ, respectively.

Atractylenolide-III

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Hatcol DIBP

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

AIDS-026330

C15H14O6 (290.079)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

Atractylodin

C13H10O (182.0732)

Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an active component of the essential oil contained in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is natural insecticide and is active against Tribolium castaneum[1][2]. Atractylodin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an active component of the essential oil contained in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is natural insecticide and is active against Tribolium castaneum[1][2]. Atractylodin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

557-59-5

C24H48O2 (368.3654)

Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

LS-684

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

O-Xylol

C8H10 (106.0782)

m-Xylol

C8H10 (106.0782)

Fleet-X

C9H12 (120.0939)

Scoparon

C11H10O4 (206.0579)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Scoparone is isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., has anticoagulant, vasorelaxant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Dinopol NOP

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

Isovaleral

C5H10O (86.0732)

Pentanone

C5H10O (86.0732)

dictamine

C12H9NO2 (199.0633)

Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.

CPD-109

C7H8O (108.0575)

FR-0140

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2]. Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient[1][2].

Mipax

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives

Gondoic acid

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].

Stearaldehyde

C18H36O (268.2766)

ANISIC ACID

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

CHEBI:17302

C15H30O (226.2297)

CHEBI:37386

C17H14O7 (330.0739)

Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3]. Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3].

WLN: 1SS1

C2H6S2 (93.9911)

Exact-S

C2H6S (62.019)

Isohol

C3H8O (60.0575)

D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants D012997 - Solvents

CHEBI:28113

C30H52O (428.4018)

Skatol

C9H9N (131.0735)

Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1]. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38[1].

Tetranap

C10H12 (132.0939)

Picoline

C6H7N (93.0578)

LS-473

C6H13N (99.1048)

Dymel A

C2H6O (46.0419)

alpha-Santalol

C15H24O (220.1827)

Constituent of sandalwood oil. Flavouring agent

Blasticidin S

C17H26N8O5 (422.2026)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Kukoamine

C28H42N4O6 (530.3104)

Kukoamine B is an amine. Kukoamine B is a natural product found in Lycium chinense and Solanum tuberosum with data available. Kukoamine B is a component of Lycii Cortex, with anti-oxidant, anti-acute inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties[1]. Kukoamine B is a component of Lycii Cortex, with anti-oxidant, anti-acute inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties[1].

Nomilin

C28H34O9 (514.2203)

Nomilin is a limonoid. 1-(Acetyloxy)-1,2-dihydroobacunoic acid e-lactone is a natural product found in Citrus latipes, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2]. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2].

Aurantio-obtusin

C17H14O7 (330.0739)

Aurantio-obtusin is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 8, and by a methyl group at position 6. Aurantio-obtusin is a natural product found in Senna obtusifolia and Senna tora with data available. Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3]. Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone isolated from Semen Cassiae, with anti-Inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulating and anti-hypertension activities[1][2][3]. Aurantio-obtusin relaxes systemic arteries through endothelial PI3K/AKT/eNOS-dependent signaling pathway in rats, thus acts as a new potential vasodilator[2]. Aurantio-obtusin inhibits allergic responses in IgE-mediated mast cells and anaphylactic models and is potential for treatment for allergy-related diseases[3].

Silychristin

C25H22O10 (482.1213)

A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. Silychristin is a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a prostaglandin antagonist and a metabolite. It is a flavonolignan, a member of 1-benzofurans, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. Silicristin is a natural product found in Cunila, Anastatica hierochuntica, and other organisms with data available. C26170 - Protective Agent > C2081 - Hepatoprotective Agent Silychristin is an abundant flavonolignan present in the fruits of Silybum marianum, with antioxidant properties. Silychristin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, and elicits a strong inhibition of T3 uptake with an IC50 of 110 nM[1][2]. Silychristin is an abundant flavonolignan present in the fruits of Silybum marianum, with antioxidant properties. Silychristin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, and elicits a strong inhibition of T3 uptake with an IC50 of 110 nM[1][2].

CYCLOHEXYLAMINE

C6H13N (99.1048)

A primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Dimethyl disulfide

C2H6S2 (93.9911)

An organic disulfide that is methane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a methyldisulfanyl group.

O-XYLENE

C8H10 (106.0782)

dimethyl sulfide

C2H6S (62.019)

A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.

2-Pentanone

C5H10O (86.0732)

M-XYLENE

C8H10 (106.0782)

MALAOXON

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

FENAMIPHOS

C13H22NO3PS (303.1058)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Acetylene

C2H2 (26.0156)

4,4-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

C15H10N2O2 (250.0742)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Terbuthylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Pirimiphos-methyl

C11H20N3O3PS (305.0963)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2-Methylbutanal

C5H10O (86.0732)

A methylbutanal in which the methyl substituent is at position 2.

Azinphos-ethyl

C12H16N3O3PS2 (345.0371)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Pralidoxime

C7H9N2O+ (137.0715)

V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002801 - Cholinesterase Reactivators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes D004793 - Enzyme Reactivators

MeIQx

C11H11N5 (213.1014)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Icomucret

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

An optically active form of 15-HETE having 15(S)-configuration.. C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses

enoxacin

C15H17FN4O3 (320.1285)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic

Abacavir

C14H18N6O (286.1542)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent

1,3-Cyclohexanedione

C6H8O2 (112.0524)

L-BMAA

C4H10N2O2 (118.0742)

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimers disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane

C27H48O3 (420.3603)

D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites

Anatoxin A

C10H15NO (165.1154)

pyridostigmine

C9H13N2O2+ (181.0977)

N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Arbaclofen

C10H12ClNO2 (213.0557)

C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1].

Nicotinamide riboside

C11H15N2O5+ (255.0981)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

3-Iodo-L-tyrosine

C9H10INO3 (306.9705)

The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is a potent and effective tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is an intermediate in the production of thyroid hormones and has a role as a human or mouse metabolite[1][2].

RHODANINE

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

OCTADECANAL

C18H36O (268.2766)

N(6)-dimethylallyladenine

C10H13N5 (203.1171)

A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine is a plant growth substance. 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine is a plant growth substance.

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Orotidine-5-monophosphate

C10H13N2O11P (368.0257)

Phosphoramide mustard

C4H11Cl2N2O2P (219.9935)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

N-Acetylglucosaminylasparagine

C12H21N3O8 (335.1329)

An N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine having (beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl as the glycosyl component.

4-(Methyloxy)-2,3,6a,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3,2:4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene-1,11-dione

C17H12O6 (312.0634)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D000348 - Aflatoxins Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a Class 1A carcinogen, which is a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mainly induces the transversion of G-->T in the third position of codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, resulting in mutation[1][2].

Aucuparin

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

H-Tyr-OMe

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

myristoyl-CoA

C35H62N7O17P3S (977.3136)

A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of myristic acid.

For-Asp-OH

C5H7NO5 (161.0324)

A N-formyl amino acid that is the N-formyl-derivative of L-aspartic acid.

alpha-Eleostearic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

N-Methyl-L-histidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

Safflower yellow

C43H42O22 (910.2168)

MDK-4025

C19H15ClO (294.0811)

1-(sn-Glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol

C9H19O11P (334.0665)

A myo-inositol monophosphate derivative that is 1D-myo-inositol substituted at position 1 by an sn-glycero-3-phospho group.

(5S,6S)-6-amino-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid

C10H11NO5 (225.0637)

dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

GW 0742

C21H17F4NO3S2 (471.0586)

GW0742 is a potent PPARβ and PPARδ agonist, with an IC50 of 1 nM for human PPARδ in binding assay, and EC50s of 1 nM, 1.1 μM and 2 μM for human PPARδ, PPARα, and PPARγ, respectively.

Butyl acetate

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

The acetate ester of butanol.

Benlate

C14H18N4O3 (290.1379)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Dichlobenil

C7H3Cl2N (170.9643)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane

C3H5ClO (92.0029)

2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene

C5H8 (68.0626)

A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

C9H12 (120.0939)

alachlor

C14H20ClNO2 (269.1182)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Aziridine

C2H5N (43.0422)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

Butylate

C11H23NOS (217.15)

Methanesulfonate

CH4SO3 (95.9881)

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

2,6-DNT

C7H6N2O4 (182.0328)

Butyrylcarnitine

C11H21NO4 (231.1471)

Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

22:4n6

C22H36O2 (332.2715)

The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13- and 16-positions. One of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain.

Benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide