Physostigmine (BioDeep_00000404781)

Main id: BioDeep_00000000967

 

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


NCGC00093889-13_C15H21N3O2_Antilirium

化学式: C15H21N3O2 (275.1634)
中文名称: 毒扁豆碱
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 54.55%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC12CCN(C1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(=O)NC)C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H21N3O2/c1-15-7-8-17(3)13(15)18(4)12-6-5-10(9-11(12)15)20-14(19)16-2/h5-6,9,13H,7-8H2,1-4H3,(H,16,19)

描述信息

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5547; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5545
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics
V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D008916 - Miotics
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5557; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5556
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5565; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5563
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5582; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5581
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5563; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5562
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5574; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5571
Formula(Parent): C15H21N3O2; Bottle Name:Eserine; PRIME Parent Name:Eserine / Physostigmine; PRIME in-house No.:V0352 0226; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from tryptophan, Simple tryptamine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids
Annotation level-1

同义名列表

3 个代谢物同义名

Physostigmine; NCGC00093889-13_C15H21N3O2_Antilirium; Physostigmine



数据库引用编号

42 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(2)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

4 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 7 ALB, AXIN2, CA1, CA3, CHAT, POMC, PRL
Peripheral membrane protein 1 ACHE
Nucleus 5 ACHE, ALB, AXIN2, CHAT, PRL
cytosol 8 AGPS, ALB, AVP, AXIN2, CA1, CA3, CHAT, SST
dendrite 4 AVP, DRD2, HTR1A, PDYN
centrosome 2 ALB, AXIN2
nucleoplasm 1 PRL
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 PRL
Cell membrane 6 ACHE, DRD2, HTR1A, KCNA4, OPRD1, TNF
Cell projection, axon 1 KCNA4
Multi-pass membrane protein 5 CACNA1I, DRD2, HTR1A, KCNA4, OPRD1
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 DRD2
Synapse 5 ACHE, CHAT, DRD2, HTR1A, PDYN
cell surface 2 ACHE, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 1 DRD2
Golgi apparatus 2 ACHE, ALB
Golgi membrane 2 DRD2, INS
neuromuscular junction 1 ACHE
neuronal cell body 3 PDYN, SST, TNF
presynaptic membrane 2 DRD2, OPRD1
acrosomal vesicle 1 DRD2
plasma membrane 10 ACHE, AXIN2, BCHE, CACNA1I, DRD2, HTR1A, KCNA4, OPRD1, PDYN, TNF
synaptic vesicle membrane 2 DRD2, OPRD1
Membrane 5 ACHE, AGPS, CACNA1I, KCNA4, OPRD1
axon 2 DRD2, KCNA4
extracellular exosome 2 ALB, CA1
endoplasmic reticulum 1 ALB
extracellular space 9 ACHE, ALB, AVP, BCHE, INS, POMC, PRL, SST, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 ACHE
mitochondrion 1 AGPS
protein-containing complex 1 ALB
Secreted 9 ACHE, ALB, AVP, BCHE, INS, PDYN, POMC, PRL, SST
extracellular region 10 ACHE, ALB, AVP, BCHE, INS, PDYN, POMC, PRL, SST, TNF
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse 1 PDYN
Extracellular side 1 ACHE
anchoring junction 1 ALB
ciliary membrane 1 DRD2
external side of plasma membrane 1 TNF
dendritic spine 2 DRD2, KCNA4
perikaryon 1 DRD2
beta-catenin destruction complex 1 AXIN2
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
postsynaptic membrane 1 DRD2
Membrane raft 1 TNF
GABA-ergic synapse 2 DRD2, SST
Peroxisome 1 AGPS
basement membrane 1 ACHE
peroxisomal matrix 1 AGPS
peroxisomal membrane 1 AGPS
secretory granule 2 AVP, POMC
lateral plasma membrane 1 DRD2
neuron projection 2 CHAT, OPRD1
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
cilium 1 DRD2
chromatin 1 PRL
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 2 ALB, BCHE
non-motile cilium 1 DRD2
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 1 ACHE
sperm flagellum 1 DRD2
endosome lumen 2 INS, PRL
axon initial segment 1 KCNA4
Cell projection, dendrite 1 HTR1A
side of membrane 1 ACHE
Peroxisome membrane 1 AGPS
voltage-gated potassium channel complex 1 KCNA4
secretory granule lumen 2 INS, POMC
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 ALB, BCHE, INS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
axon terminus 3 DRD2, OPRD1, PDYN
voltage-gated calcium channel complex 1 CACNA1I
endocytic vesicle 1 DRD2
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
postsynaptic density membrane 1 OPRD1
neuronal dense core vesicle 4 AVP, OPRD1, PDYN, SST
nuclear envelope lumen 1 BCHE
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 AVP
synaptic cleft 1 ACHE
dopaminergic synapse 1 DRD2
dendrite membrane 1 OPRD1
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
G protein-coupled receptor complex 1 DRD2
[Isoform H]: Cell membrane 1 ACHE
spine apparatus 1 OPRD1
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Aline Coqueiro, Daniara Cristina Fernandes, Amanda Danuello, Luis Octávio Regasini, Elaine Monteiro Cardoso-Lopes, Maria Cláudia Marx Young, Luce Maria Brandão Torres, Vicente Paulo Campos, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Denilson Ferreira de Oliveira. Nematostatic activity of isoprenylated guanidine alkaloids from Pterogyne nitens and their interaction with acetylcholinesterase. Experimental parasitology. 2023 May; 250(?):108542. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108542. [PMID: 37178971]
  • Alex Guazzi Rodrigues, Helton Oliveira Campos, Lucas Rios Drummond, Umeko Marubayashi, Cândido Celso Coimbra. Effects of Increased Central Cholinergic Activity on the Metabolic Challenge Induced by Submaximal Exercise in Rats: Adrenomedullary Secretion Influences. Pharmacology. 2022; 107(1-2):46-53. doi: 10.1159/000519807. [PMID: 34788751]
  • Jing Gao, Mingyin Lai, Wen Fu, Mengyu Wang, Thi Thanh Tam Mai, Baile Ning, Wenbin Fu. Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Depressive-Like State and Synaptic Deficits Induced by Hyper-Cholinergic Tone During Chronic Stress in Rats. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2021 Dec; 27(?):e933833. doi: 10.12659/msm.933833. [PMID: 34924558]
  • Haseeb Ahsan, Ihtisham Haider, Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq, Muhammad Naeem Qaisar, Farwa Naqvi, Awais Asif. Pharmacological support to anti-arthritic prospective of physostigmine: a new approach. Inflammopharmacology. 2021 Aug; 29(4):1119-1129. doi: 10.1007/s10787-021-00840-9. [PMID: 34224070]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
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  • Ramachandra S Naik, Tatyana Belinskaya, C R Vinayaka, Ashima Saxena. Monoclonal antibodies to fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase distinguish between acetylcholinesterases from ruminant and non-ruminant species. Chemico-biological interactions. 2020 Oct; 330(?):109225. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109225. [PMID: 32795450]
  • Michelle A Hieger, Nicole E Peters. Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Quetiapine Overdose. American journal of therapeutics. 2020 Sep; 27(5):e518-e519. doi: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000969. [PMID: 32769389]
  • Nor Atiqah Jusril, Ain Nur Najihah Muhamad Juhari, Syahrul Imran Abu Bakar, Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Mohd Ilham Adenan. Combining In Silico and In Vitro Studies to Evaluate the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Profile of Different Accessions and the Biomarker Triterpenes of Centella asiatica. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jul; 25(15):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25153353. [PMID: 32721993]
  • María Y Rios, Yordin D Ocampo-Acuña, M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros, María E Salazar-Rios. Furofuranone Lignans from Leucophyllum ambiguum. Journal of natural products. 2020 05; 83(5):1424-1431. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00759. [PMID: 32239935]
  • Gergő Dargó, Dávid Bajusz, Kristóf Simon, Judit Müller, György T Balogh. Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2020 02; 63(4):1763-1774. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00046. [PMID: 31995375]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Nadine Pinder, Johannes B Zimmermann, Silke Gastine, Gudrun Würthwein, Georg Hempel, Thomas Bruckner, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Markus A Weigand, Stefanie Swoboda. Continuous infusion of physostigmine in patients with perioperative septic shock: A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study with population pharmacokinetic modeling. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2019 Oct; 118(?):109318. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109318. [PMID: 31398669]
  • Anders Helander, Alexia Rylski. [Analytical investigation of a suspected case of drug-facilitated crime]. Lakartidningen. 2019 Sep; 116(?):. doi: . [PMID: 31573667]
  • Denis Boucaud-Maitre, Xavier Cachet, Chouaha Bouzidi, Ludivine Riffault-Valois, Caroline Dupuy, Robert Garnier, Jérôme Langrand. Severity of manchineel fruit (Hippomane mancinella) poisoning: A retrospective case series of 97 patients from French Poison Control Centers. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 2019 Apr; 161(?):28-32. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.014. [PMID: 30826471]
  • Uyen Vy Doan, Ming-Ling Wu, Dong-Haur Phua, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Chen-Chang Yang. Datura and Brugmansia plants related antimuscarinic toxicity: an analysis of poisoning cases reported to the Taiwan poison control center. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2019 04; 57(4):246-253. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1513527. [PMID: 30522351]
  • Ju-Hwan Park, Jae-Young Lee, Ki-Taek Kim, Hae-Eun Joe, Hyun-Jong Cho, Young-Kee Shin, Dae-Duk Kim. Physostigmine-loaded liposomes for extended prophylaxis against nerve agent poisoning. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2018 Dec; 553(1-2):467-473. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.053. [PMID: 30389473]
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  • Johannes B Zimmermann, Nadine Pinder, Thomas Bruckner, Monika Lehmann, Johann Motsch, Thorsten Brenner, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Stefanie Swoboda, Markus A Weigand, Stefan Hofer. Adjunctive use of physostigmine salicylate (Anticholium®) in perioperative sepsis and septic shock: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric trial (Anticholium® per Se). Trials. 2017 Nov; 18(1):530. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2231-x. [PMID: 29126416]
  • Wan Nurul Nazneem Wan Othman, Sook Yee Liew, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of isoquinoline alkaloids from three Cryptocarya species (Lauraceae). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2016 09; 24(18):4464-4469. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.043. [PMID: 27492195]
  • Kiran Bamel, Rajendra Gupta, Shirish C Gupta. Acetylcholine suppresses shoot formation and callusing in leaf explants of in vitro raised seedlings of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby. Plant signaling & behavior. 2016 06; 11(6):e1187355. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1187355. [PMID: 27348536]
  • Wenkuan Xin, Ning Li, Vitor S Fernandes, Georgi V Petkov. Constitutively active PKA regulates neuronal acetylcholine release and contractility of guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2016 06; 310(11):F1377-84. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00026.2016. [PMID: 27029424]
  • Subham Banerjee, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay, Animesh Ghosh, Aseem Bhatnagar, Vijay Veer. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study of eserine and pralidoxime chloride in rabbits following a single application of a transdermal patch. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2016 Jun; 41(3):219-30. doi: 10.1007/s13318-014-0250-5. [PMID: 25547639]
  • Konstanze Plaschke, Markus A Weigand, Fabia Fricke, Jürgen Kopitz. Neuroinflammation: effect of surgical stress compared to anaesthesia and effect of physostigmine. Neurological research. 2016 May; 38(5):397-405. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1173889. [PMID: 27095151]
  • Mullah Muhaiminul Islam, Arun Bahadur Gurung, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Kripamoy Aguan, Sivaprasad Mitra. Human serum albumin reduces the potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor based drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Chemico-biological interactions. 2016 Apr; 249(?):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.012. [PMID: 26902639]
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  • David Tweedie, Koji Fukui, Yazhou Li, Qian-Sheng Yu, Shani Barak, Ian A Tamargo, Vardit Rubovitch, Harold W Holloway, Elin Lehrmann, William H Wood, Yongqing Zhang, Kevin G Becker, Evelyn Perez, Henriette Van Praag, Yu Luo, Barry J Hoffer, Robert E Becker, Chaim G Pick, Nigel H Greig. Cognitive Impairments Induced by Concussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mouse Are Ameliorated by Treatment with Phenserine via Multiple Non-Cholinergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms. PloS one. 2016; 11(6):e0156493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156493. [PMID: 27254111]
  • Nadine Pinder, Johannes B Zimmermann, Stefan Hofer, Thorsten Brenner, Markus A Weigand, Ute Gubbe, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Stefanie Swoboda. Revival of physostigmine - a novel HPLC assay for simultaneous determination of physostigmine and its metabolite eseroline designed for a pharmacokinetic study of septic patients. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. 2015 Jul; 53(8):1259-64. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0834. [PMID: 25565546]
  • Frederick Hernekamp, Henriette Klein, Karsten Schmidt, Julian Vogelpohl, Ulrich Kneser, Thomas Kremer. Microcirculatory effects of physostigmine on experimental burn edema. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. 2015 Mar; 36(2):279-86. doi: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000068. [PMID: 24823331]
  • Konstanze Plaschke, Ann-Katrin Müller, Jürgen Kopitz. Surgery-induced changes in rat IL-1β and acetylcholine metabolism: role of physostigmine. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 2014 Sep; 41(9):663-70. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12267. [PMID: 24890001]
  • Diane I Bitzinger, York A Zausig, Christoph Paech, Michael Gruber, Hendrik Busse, Barbara Sinner, Bernhard M Graf, Benedikt Trabold. Modulation of immune functions in polymorphonuclear neutrophils induced by physostigmine, but not neostigmine, independent of cholinergic neurons. Immunobiology. 2013 Aug; 218(8):1049-54. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.01.003. [PMID: 23434434]
  • Saoussen Ben Salem, Aymen Jabrane, Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri, Hichem Ben Jannet. New bioactive dihydrofuranocoumarins from the roots of the Tunisian Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2013 Jul; 23(14):4248-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.081. [PMID: 23746477]
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  • Irina Esterlis, Jonas O Hannestad, Frederic Bois, R Andrew Sewell, Rachel F Tyndale, John P Seibyl, Marina R Picciotto, Marc Laruelle, Richard E Carson, Kelly P Cosgrove. Imaging changes in synaptic acetylcholine availability in living human subjects. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2013 Jan; 54(1):78-82. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.111922. [PMID: 23160789]
  • Marco Sifringer, Ivo Bendix, Clarissa von Haefen, Stefanie Endesfelder, Alexander Kalb, Christoph Bührer, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser, Claudia D Spies. Oxygen toxicity is reduced by acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the developing rat brain. Developmental neuroscience. 2013; 35(2-3):255-64. doi: 10.1159/000346723. [PMID: 23445753]
  • Alexander Kalb, Clarissa von Haefen, Marco Sifringer, Annalena Tegethoff, Nadine Paeschke, Mariya Kostova, Aarne Feldheiser, Claudia D Spies. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce neuroinflammation and -degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of a surgery stress rat model. PloS one. 2013; 8(5):e62679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062679. [PMID: 23671623]
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  • Yuki Kobayashi, Tatsuki Fukami, Ryota Higuchi, Miki Nakajima, Tsuyoshi Yokoi. Metabolic activation by human arylacetamide deacetylase, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2 causes phenacetin-induced methemoglobinemia. Biochemical pharmacology. 2012 Nov; 84(9):1196-206. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.015. [PMID: 22940574]
  • Miguel Marcelo Glatstein, Fatoumah Alabdulrazzaq, Facundo Garcia-Bournissen, Dennis Scolnik. Use of physostigmine for hallucinogenic plant poisoning in a teenager: case report and review of the literature. American journal of therapeutics. 2012 Sep; 19(5):384-8. doi: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181f0cbb4. [PMID: 20861718]
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