Paraxanthine (BioDeep_00000001123)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000229699, BioDeep_00000399901

natural product human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite BioNovoGene_Lab2019


代谢物信息卡片


3,7-Dihydro-1,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

化学式: C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)
中文名称: 1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤, 对黄嘌呤
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(plant) 16.95%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-29.

Cite this Page

Paraxanthine. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/paraxanthine (retrieved 2024-12-22) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000001123). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: Cn1c(O)nc2ncn(C)c2c1=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-3-8-5-4(10)6(12)11(2)7(13)9-5/h3H,1-2H3,(H,9,13)

描述信息

Paraxanthine, also known as p-xanthine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. Paraxanthine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, paraxanthine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, paraxanthine and formaldehyde can be biosynthesized from caffeine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2. In addition, paraxanthine and acetyl-CoA can be converted into 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil through its interaction with the enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2. In humans, paraxanthine is involved in caffeine metabolism.
1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine) is the preferential path of caffeine metabolism in humans.
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, provides protection against Dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of Ryanodine Receptor Channels.

同义名列表

7 个代谢物同义名

3,7-Dihydro-1,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 1,7-Dimethyl-xanthine; 1,7-Dimethylxanthine; paraxanthine; p-Xanthine; 1,7-Dimethylxanthine; Paraxanthine



数据库引用编号

28 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(6)

BioCyc(2)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

64 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(51)

BioCyc(3)

WikiPathways(1)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(3)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(5)

  • Caffeine Metabolism: Oxygen + Paraxanthine + Water ⟶ 1,7-Dimethyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxide
  • Caffeine Metabolism: Oxygen + Paraxanthine + Water ⟶ 1,7-Dimethyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxide
  • Caffeine Metabolism: Oxygen + Paraxanthine + Water ⟶ 1,7-Dimethyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxide
  • Caffeine Metabolism: Oxygen + Paraxanthine + Water ⟶ 1,7-Dimethyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxide
  • Caffeine Metabolism: Oxygen + Paraxanthine + Water ⟶ 1,7-Dimethyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxide

PharmGKB(1)

5 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 12 ABCB1, AHR, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, NAT2, SPTAN1, XDH
Peripheral membrane protein 2 CYP2B6, CYP2E1
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 9 CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5
Nucleus 3 AHR, NAT2, PARP1
cytosol 5 AHR, NAT2, PARP1, SPTAN1, XDH
dendrite 2 ADORA2A, SLC1A1
nuclear body 1 PARP1
nucleoplasm 2 AHR, PARP1
Cell membrane 5 ABCB1, ADORA2A, NAT2, SLC1A1, TNF
Early endosome membrane 1 SLC1A1
Multi-pass membrane protein 4 ABCB1, ADORA2A, NAT2, SLC1A1
Synapse 1 SLC1A1
cell cortex 1 SPTAN1
cell junction 1 SPTAN1
cell surface 2 ABCB1, TNF
dendritic shaft 1 SLC1A1
glutamatergic synapse 1 ADORA2A
Golgi apparatus 1 CCN2
Golgi membrane 1 INS
mitochondrial inner membrane 1 CYP2E1
neuronal cell body 4 ADORA2A, NAT2, SLC1A1, TNF
presynaptic membrane 1 ADORA2A
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 PARP1
Presynapse 1 SLC1A1
plasma membrane 9 ABCB1, ADORA2A, CCN2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, NAT2, SLC1A1, SPTAN1, TNF
presynaptic active zone 1 ADORA2A
Membrane 10 ABCB1, ADORA2A, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, NAT2, PARP1, SLC1A1, SPTAN1
apical plasma membrane 2 ABCB1, SLC1A1
axon 2 NAT2, SLC1A1
basolateral plasma membrane 1 NAT2
extracellular exosome 4 ABCB1, NAT2, SLC1A1, SPTAN1
endoplasmic reticulum 2 CYP2D6, SLC1A1
extracellular space 4 CCN2, INS, TNF, XDH
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse 1 SLC1A1
mitochondrion 2 CYP2D6, PARP1
protein-containing complex 2 AHR, PARP1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 11 CCN2, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SPTAN1
Microsome membrane 7 CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5
Secreted 2 CCN2, INS
extracellular region 4 CCN2, INS, SPTAN1, TNF
Single-pass membrane protein 1 CYP2D6
transcription regulator complex 3 AHR, NAT2, PARP1
external side of plasma membrane 2 SLC1A1, TNF
Extracellular vesicle 1 SPTAN1
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix 1 CCN2
actin cytoskeleton 1 SPTAN1
dendritic spine 1 SLC1A1
perikaryon 1 SLC1A1
microtubule cytoskeleton 1 SPTAN1
nucleolus 1 PARP1
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
postsynaptic membrane 1 ADORA2A
Apical cell membrane 2 ABCB1, SLC1A1
Mitochondrion inner membrane 1 CYP2E1
Membrane raft 2 SLC1A1, TNF
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 SPTAN1
axolemma 1 ADORA2A
extracellular matrix 1 CCN2
Peroxisome 1 XDH
sarcoplasmic reticulum 1 XDH
intermediate filament 1 ADORA2A
neuron projection 1 SLC1A1
chromatin 2 AHR, PARP1
Late endosome membrane 1 SLC1A1
cell projection 1 SPTAN1
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
cell periphery 1 SLC1A1
Chromosome 1 PARP1
Nucleus, nucleolus 1 PARP1
nuclear replication fork 1 PARP1
chromosome, telomeric region 1 PARP1
Cytoplasm, cell cortex 1 SPTAN1
site of double-strand break 1 PARP1
nuclear envelope 1 PARP1
Recycling endosome membrane 1 SLC1A1
endosome lumen 1 INS
aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex 1 AHR
secretory granule lumen 1 INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 INS
cortical actin cytoskeleton 1 SPTAN1
axon terminus 1 SLC1A1
specific granule lumen 1 SPTAN1
tertiary granule lumen 1 SPTAN1
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
spectrin 1 SPTAN1
cytoplasmic microtubule 1 CYP2A6
Synapse, synaptosome 1 SLC1A1
synaptic cleft 1 SLC1A1
protein-DNA complex 1 PARP1
external side of apical plasma membrane 2 ABCB1, NAT2
apical dendrite 1 SLC1A1
site of DNA damage 1 PARP1
glial cell projection 1 SLC1A1
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
asymmetric synapse 2 ADORA2A, SLC1A1
[Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus]: Chromosome 1 PARP1
[Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus]: Cytoplasm 1 PARP1
distal dendrite 1 SLC1A1
proximal dendrite 1 SLC1A1
nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex 1 AHR
cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex 1 AHR
NatA complex 1 NAT2
perisynaptic space 1 SLC1A1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF
organelle 1 SPTAN1


文献列表

  • Gaëlle Magliocco, Jules Desmeules, Caroline Flora Samer, Aurélien Thomas, Youssef Daali. Evaluation of CYP1A2 activity: Relationship between the endogenous urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin to melatonin ratio and paraxanthine to caffeine ratio in dried blood spots. Clinical and translational science. 2022 06; 15(6):1482-1491. doi: 10.1111/cts.13263. [PMID: 35338582]
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