Chemical Formula: C11H21NO4

Chemical Formula C11H21NO4

Found 93 metabolite its formula value is C11H21NO4

Butyrylcarnitine

(3R)-3-(Butyryloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid

Butyrylcarnitine, also known as (3R)-3-(butyryloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate or L-carnitine butyryl ester, is classified as a member of the acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitines are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. Butyrylcarnitine is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency, in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness, and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle (OMIM: 201470). Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with acyl-coa dehydrogenase, short-chain (SCAD) deficiencyin; in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness; and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle. (OMIM 201470) [HMDB] Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

boc-dl-leucine

N(alpha)-t-Butoxycarbonyl-L-leucine

C11H21NO4 (231.1470506)

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine

(3R)-3-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C11H21NO4 (231.1470506)

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an isobutyric acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50\\\% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with isobutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 20591710), glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 20591710), ethylmalonic encephalopathy (PMID: 20591710), and gestational diabetes mellitus (PMID: 29626588). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with traumatic brain injury (PMID: 23560894). Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the urine of individuals with glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 2288224), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (PMID: 3383426), and acute coronary syndrome (PMID: 30316136). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews]. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), which are a group of mitochondrial enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids or branched-chain amino acids. (OMIM 600301 ) [HMDB] Isobutyrylcarnitine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=25518-49-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 25518-49-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).