Pyridostigmine (BioDeep_00000002991)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00001868399
human metabolite Endogenous blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs Volatile Flavor Compounds
代谢物信息卡片
3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-methylpyridin-1-ium
化学式: C9H13N2O2+ (181.09769780000002)
中文名称:
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 42.86%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CN(C)C(=O)OC1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H13N2O2/c1-10(2)9(12)13-8-5-4-6-11(3)7-8/h4-7H,1-3H3/q+1
描述信息
Pyridostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than neostigmine. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. [PubChem]Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine.
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
16 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:8665
- KEGG: C07410
- PubChem: 4991
- HMDB: HMDB0014685
- DrugBank: DB00545
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL1115
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL812
- Wikipedia: Pyridostigmine
- MeSH: Pyridostigmine Bromide
- chemspider: 4817
- CAS: 155-97-5
- PMhub: MS000007640
- PubChem: 9614
- NIKKAJI: J10.938J
- RefMet: Pyridostigmine
- KNApSAcK: 8665
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Runqing Xue, Qing Wu, Lulu Guo, Dan Ye, Qing Cao, Meng Zhang, Yushan Xian, Minchun Chen, Kangkang Yan, Jie Zheng. Pyridostigmine attenuated high-fat-diet induced liver injury by the reduction of mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress via α7nAChR and M3AChR.
Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology.
2024 Mar; 38(3):e23671. doi:
10.1002/jbt.23671. [PMID: 38454809] - M Zeng, A Issotina Zibrila, X Li, X Liu, X Wang, Z Zeng, Z Wang, Y He, L Meng, J Liu. Pyridostigmine ameliorates pristane-induced arthritis symptoms in Dark Agouti rats.
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology.
2023 Nov; 52(6):627-636. doi:
10.1080/03009742.2023.2196783. [PMID: 37339380] - Shan Caifeng, Zhang Jingsheng, Lin Yi, Huang Xueshi, Wang Zhanyou, Pan Haiou, Qiao Wenjun. Effect of treatment with Fufang Huangqi decoction on dose reductions and discontinuation of pyridostigmine bromide tablets, prednisone, and tacrolimus in patients with type I or II myasthenia gravis.
Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan.
2022 10; 42(5):810-817. doi:
10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220719.004. [PMID: 36083490] - Ewa Sobieszczuk, Łukasz Napiórkowski, Piotr Szczudlik, Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk. Myasthenia gravis-treatment and severity in nationwide cohort.
Acta neurologica Scandinavica.
2022 Apr; 145(4):471-478. doi:
10.1111/ane.13576. [PMID: 34981830] - Elena V Kozlova, Bruno Carabelli, Anthony E Bishay, Maximillian E Denys, Devi B Chinthirla, Jasmin D Tran, Ansel Hsiao, Nicole I Zur Nieden, Margarita C Currás-Collazo. Persistent exercise fatigue and associative learning deficits in combination with transient glucose dyshomeostasis in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.
Life sciences.
2022 Jan; 289(?):120094. doi:
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Journal of chromatographic science.
2019 Aug; 57(7):653-661. doi:
10.1093/chromsci/bmz043. [PMID: 31204433] - Jessica Robinson-Papp, Alexandra Nmashie, Elizabeth Pedowitz, Mary Catherine George, Sandeep Sharma, Jacinta Murray, Emma K T Benn, Steven A Lawrence, Josef Machac, Sherif Heiba, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Allison Navis, Bani Chander Roland, Susan Morgello. The effect of pyridostigmine on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and plasma inflammatory biomarkers in HIV-associated autonomic neuropathies.
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2019 08; 25(4):551-559. doi:
10.1007/s13365-019-00756-9. [PMID: 31098925] - Run-Qing Xue, Xiao-Jiang Yu, Ming Zhao, Man Xu, Qing Wu, Yan-Ling Cui, Si Yang, Dong-Ling Li, Wei-Jin Zang. Pyridostigmine alleviates cardiac dysfunction via improving mitochondrial cristae shape in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome.
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2019 04; 134(?):119-132. doi:
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10.1111/ene.13788. [PMID: 30133097] - Yi Lu, Qing Wu, Long-Zhu Liu, Xiao-Jiang Yu, Jin-Jun Liu, Man-Xiang Li, Wei-Jin Zang. Pyridostigmine protects against cardiomyopathy associated with adipose tissue browning and improvement of vagal activity in high-fat diet rats.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease.
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10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.006. [PMID: 29309922] - Ferdos Nazari, Siamak Abdi. Pyridostigmine-Induced Bradycardia in Patient With MuSK-Ab-Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Alopecia Universalis.
Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease.
2017 09; 19(1):49-50. doi:
10.1097/cnd.0000000000000162. [PMID: 28827491] - Manushree Bharadwaj, Carey Pope, Michael Davis, Stuart Katz, Christian Cook, Lara Maxwell. Subacute pyridostigmine exposure increases heart rate recovery and cardiac parasympathetic tone in rats.
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Autoimmune diseases.
2011; 2011(?):404101. doi:
10.4061/2011/404101. [PMID: 22110902] - Paulo J Lorenzoni, Rosana H Scola, Cláudia S Kamoi Kay, Sérgio F Parolin, Lineu C Werneck. Non-paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: a brief review of 10 cases.
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria.
2010 Dec; 68(6):849-54. doi:
10.1590/s0004-282x2010000600004. [PMID: 21243240] - Beyazit Zencirci. Sertraline-induced pseudocholinesterase enzyme deficiency.
International journal of general medicine.
2010 Nov; 3(?):375-8. doi:
10.2147/ijgm.s14365. [PMID: 21189834] - Sven Jarius, Diego Franciotta, Friedemann Paul, Klemens Ruprecht, Roberto Bergamaschi, Paulus S Rommer, Reinhard Reuss, Christian Probst, Wolfgang Kristoferitsch, Klaus Peter Wandinger, Brigitte Wildemann. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance.
Journal of neuroinflammation.
2010 Sep; 7(?):52. doi:
10.1186/1742-2094-7-52. [PMID: 20825655] - Curtis W Dewey, Sofia Cerda-Gonzalez, Daniel J Fletcher, Marcella F Harb-Hauser, Jonathan M Levine, Britton L Badgley, Natasha J Olby, G Diane Shelton. Mycophenolate mofetil treatment in dogs with serologically diagnosed acquired myasthenia gravis: 27 cases (1999-2008).
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.
2010 Mar; 236(6):664-8. doi:
10.2460/javma.236.6.664. [PMID: 20225980] - Xiao-yun Liu, Song-lin Chen, Wei-xi Zhang. [Clinical study of strengthening pi and nourishing shen therapy combined with Western medicine on patients with glucocorticoid resistant myasthenia gravis].
Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine.
2010 Mar; 30(3):271-4. doi:
". [PMID: 20535925] - Fernanda S Zamo, Silvia Lacchini, Cristiano Mostarda, Silvana Chiavegatto, Ivana C M Silva, Edilamar Menezes Oliveira, Maria Claudia Irigoyen. Hemodynamic, morphometric and autonomic patterns in hypertensive rats - Renin-Angiotensin system modulation.
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil).
2010; 65(1):85-92. doi:
10.1590/s1807-59322010000100013. [PMID: 20126350] - Amira M El-Kosasy, Maissa Y Salem, Mohamed G El-Bardicy, Mohamed K Abd El-Rahman. Membrane electrodes for the determination of pyridostigmine bromide.
Journal of AOAC International.
2009 Nov; 92(6):1631-8. doi:
10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1631. [PMID: 20166579] - A Lanza, A Stellavato, I Heulfe, C Landi, F Gombos, N Cirillo. Serum of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris impairs keratinocyte wound repair in vitro: a time-lapse study on the efficacy of methylprednisolone and pyridostigmine bromide.
Oral diseases.
2009 Oct; 15(7):478-83. doi:
10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01574.x. [PMID: 19519621] - Kok-Yong Seng, Weng-Keong Loke, Shabbir Moochhala, Bin Zhao, Jon-Deoon Edmund Lee. Retrospective population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of pyridostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, in Chinese males.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.
2009 Sep; 61(9):1187-96. doi:
10.1211/jpp/61.09.0008. [PMID: 19703368] - Manthena V S Varma, Bo Feng, R Scott Obach, Matthew D Troutman, Jonathan Chupka, Howard R Miller, Ayman El-Kattan. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.
2009 Aug; 52(15):4844-52. doi:
10.1021/jm900403j. [PMID: 19445515] - Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer, José C Crispín, Pablo Francisco Belaunzarán, Carlos G Cantú-Brito, Juan Sierra-Madero, Jorge Alcocer-Varela. Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor pyridostigmine decreases T cell overactivation in patients infected by HIV.
AIDS research and human retroviruses.
2009 Aug; 25(8):749-55. doi:
10.1089/aid.2008.0257. [PMID: 19645607] - Andrea Domenico Praticò, Piero Pavone, Maria Grazia Scuderi, Giovanni Li Volti, Renato Bernardini, Giuseppina Cantarella, Lorenzo Pavone. Symptomatic hypocalcemia in an epileptic child treated with valproic acid plus lamotrigine: a case report.
Cases journal.
2009 Jun; 2(?):7394. doi:
10.4076/1757-1626-2-7394. [PMID: 19829950] - Shin Joong Oh. Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis current status.
Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea).
2009 Jun; 5(2):53-64. doi:
10.3988/jcn.2009.5.2.53. [PMID: 19587811] - Dorte Glintborg, Anne Pernille Hermann, Claus Hagen, Lars Thorbjørn Jensen, Jan Frystyk, Paul Bennett, Allan Flyvbjerg, Marianne Andersen. A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of pioglitazone on cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Fertility and sterility.
2009 Mar; 91(3):842-50. doi:
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.082. [PMID: 18402944] - Marie-Céline Fleury, Christine Tranchant. [Myasthenia gravis].
La Revue du praticien.
2008 Dec; 58(20):2217-24. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19209651] - Julian R Haigh, Scott R Johnston, Adam Peppernay, Patrick J Mattern, Gregory E Garcia, Bhupendra P Doctor, Richard K Gordon, Paul S Aisen. Protection of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase by oral huperzine A against ex vivo soman exposure: next generation prophylaxis and sequestering of acetylcholinesterase over butyrylcholinesterase.
Chemico-biological interactions.
2008 Sep; 175(1-3):380-6. doi:
10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.033. [PMID: 18572153] - Radhika Dhamija, K Meng Tan, Sean J Pittock, Amy Foxx-Orenstein, Eduardo Benarroch, Vanda A Lennon. Serologic profiles aiding the diagnosis of autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.
2008 Sep; 6(9):988-92. doi:
10.1016/j.cgh.2008.04.009. [PMID: 18599359] - Takashi Kurokawa, Takehiko Nishiyama, Ryoo Yamamoto, Hitaru Kishida, Yasuhito Hakii, Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa. [Anti-MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis with HIV infection successfully treated with cyclosporin: a case report].
Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.
2008 Sep; 48(9):666-9. doi:
10.5692/clinicalneurol.48.666. [PMID: 19048951] - Song-Lin Chen, Xiao-Yun Liu, Wei-Xi Zhang. [Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating 31 cases of myasthenia gravis].
Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine.
2008 Sep; 6(9):964-7. doi:
10.3736/jcim20080918. [PMID: 18782544] - R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi:
10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954] - Daren Cy Teoh, Ahmed El-Modir. Managing a locally advanced malignant thymoma complicated by nephrotic syndrome: a case report.
Journal of medical case reports.
2008 Mar; 2(?):89. doi:
10.1186/1752-1947-2-89. [PMID: 18353189] - A W Abu-Qare, M B Abou-Donia. In vitro metabolism and interactions of pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, and permethrin in human plasma and liver microsomal enzymes.
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.
2008 Mar; 38(3):294-313. doi:
10.1080/00498250701813230. [PMID: 18274958] - K D Jones, C S Burckhardt, A A Deodhar, N A Perrin, G C Hanson, R M Bennett. A six-month randomized controlled trial of exercise and pyridostigmine in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Arthritis and rheumatism.
2008 Feb; 58(2):612-22. doi:
10.1002/art.23203. [PMID: 18240245] - Yong-Lu Yang, Yun-Li Wang, Yan Lai, Jin Hui, Xin Li, Xiao-Hua Chen. [Inhibitory effect of soman on stress induced hyperthermia in rats and the influence of central and peripheral cholinergic antagonists].
Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology.
2008 Feb; 24(1):19-23. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 21141547] - Eric M Bershad, Eliahu S Feen, Jose I Suarez. Myasthenia gravis crisis.
Southern medical journal.
2008 Jan; 101(1):63-9. doi:
10.1097/smj.0b013e31815d4398. [PMID: 18176295] - A Fasano, A Evoli, C Piano, P A Tonali, A R Bentivoglio. Myasthenia gravis: an unrecognized cause of head drop in Parkinson's disease.
Parkinsonism & related disorders.
2008; 14(2):164-5. doi:
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.02.009. [PMID: 17459760] - Shalini Mukherjee, Steven Vernino. Dysfunction of the pupillary light reflex in experimental autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy.
Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical.
2007 Dec; 137(1-2):19-26. doi:
10.1016/j.autneu.2007.05.005. [PMID: 17613283] - Shu-Hui Wang, Xing Cui, Jun Feng. [Electroacupuncture warming therapy combined with western medicine for treatment of myasthenia gravis and effect on IL-4 level in the patients].
Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion.
2007 Dec; 27(12):901-3. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 18271233] - Guillem Cuatrecasas, Cristina Riudavets, Maria Antònia Güell, Albert Nadal. Growth hormone as concomitant treatment in severe fibromyalgia associated with low IGF-1 serum levels. A pilot study.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders.
2007 Nov; 8(?):119. doi:
10.1186/1471-2474-8-119. [PMID: 18053120] - Julia A Golier, James Schmeidler, Juliana Legge, Rachel Yehuda. Twenty-four hour plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in Gulf War veterans: relationships to posttraumatic stress disorder and health symptoms.
Biological psychiatry.
2007 Nov; 62(10):1175-8. doi:
10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.027. [PMID: 17612507] - Vern C Juel, Janice M Massey. Myasthenia gravis.
Orphanet journal of rare diseases.
2007 Nov; 2(?):44. doi:
10.1186/1750-1172-2-44. [PMID: 17986328] - Erika Nassar, Chris Mulligan, Lem Taylor, Chad Kerksick, Melyn Galbreath, Mike Greenwood, Richard Kreider, Darryn S Willoughby. Effects of a single dose of N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (Melatonin) and resistance exercise on the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis in young males and females.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
2007 Oct; 4(?):14. doi:
10.1186/1550-2783-4-14. [PMID: 17956623] - María de los Angeles Avaria, Karin Kleinsteuber, Fernando Novoa, Paola Faundez, Pilar Carvallo. Myotonic dystrophy in a female with myasthenia gravis.
Pediatric neurology.
2007 Jun; 36(6):421-3. doi:
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.01.014. [PMID: 17560508] - Lei Wang, Gong Muxin, Hiroshi Nishida, Chieko Shirakawa, Shinji Sato, Tetsuya Konishi. Psychological stress-induced oxidative stress as a model of sub-healthy condition and the effect of TCM.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.
2007 Jun; 4(2):195-202. doi:
10.1093/ecam/nel080. [PMID: 17549236] - Aharon Levy, Giora Cohen, Eran Gilat, Joseph Kapon, Shlomit Dachir, Shlomo Abraham, Miriam Herskovitz, Zvi Teitelbaum, Lily Raveh. Extrapolating from animal studies to the efficacy in humans of a pretreatment combination against organophosphate poisoning.
Archives of toxicology.
2007 May; 81(5):353-9. doi:
10.1007/s00204-006-0153-6. [PMID: 17009047] - Hans D de Boer, Jan van Egmond, Jacques J Driessen, Leo H D Booij. Update on the management of neuromuscular block: focus on sugammadex.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.
2007; 3(5):539-44. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19300584] - Rebecca J Hornby, Peter C Pearce, Andrew P Bowditch, Leah Scott, Gareth D Griffiths. Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine bromide interactions in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus: immunological and endocrinological effects.
International immunopharmacology.
2006 Dec; 6(12):1765-79. doi:
10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.016. [PMID: 17052667] - Julia A Golier, James Schmeidler, Juliana Legge, Rachel Yehuda. Enhanced cortisol suppression to dexamethasone associated with Gulf War deployment.
Psychoneuroendocrinology.
2006 Nov; 31(10):1181-9. doi:
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.08.005. [PMID: 17049422] - Shabana F Pasha, Tisha N Lunsford, Vanda A Lennon. Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility treated successfully with pyridostigmine.
Gastroenterology.
2006 Nov; 131(5):1592-6. doi:
10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.018. [PMID: 17101331] - Wolfgang Singer, Tonette L Opfer-Gehrking, Kim K Nickander, Stacy M Hines, Phillip A Low. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in patients with orthostatic intolerance.
Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.
2006 Oct; 23(5):476-81. doi:
10.1097/01.wnp.0000229946.01494.4c. [PMID: 17016160] - C R Slater, P R W Fawcett, T J Walls, P R Lyons, S J Bailey, D Beeson, C Young, D Gardner-Medwin. Pre- and post-synaptic abnormalities associated with impaired neuromuscular transmission in a group of patients with 'limb-girdle myasthenia'.
Brain : a journal of neurology.
2006 Aug; 129(Pt 8):2061-76. doi:
10.1093/brain/awl200. [PMID: 16870884]