HT-2 Toxin (BioDeep_00000408291)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000003919, BioDeep_00000408519

natural product Toxin


代谢物信息卡片


[(1S,2R,4S,7R,9R,10R,11S,12S)-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-10,11-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-4-yl] 3-methylbutanoate

化学式: C22H32O8 (424.2097)
中文名称: HT-2 毒素
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Astragalus membranaceus(otcml) 50.69%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-08-14.

Cite this Page

HT-2 Toxin. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/ht-2_toxin (retrieved 2024-12-22) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000408291). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=O)OC[C@]12C[C@H](OC(=O)CC(C)C)C(C)=C[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@]2(C)[C@]12CO2
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H32O8/c1-11(2)6-16(24)29-14-8-21(9-27-13(4)23)15(7-12(14)3)30-19-17(25)18(26)20(21,5)22(19)10-28-22/h7,11,14-15,17-19,25-26H,6,8-10H2,1-5H3/t14-,15+,17+,18+,19+,20+,21+,22-/m0/s1

描述信息

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

同义名列表

5 个代谢物同义名

HT-2 Toxin; 12- Hydroxy Jasmonyl isoleucine; Violacein; 3-(1,2-dihydro-5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-yl)-2-oxo-3H-pyrrol-3-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indole-2-one; Jasmonyl isoleucine; HT-2 Toxin



数据库引用编号

23 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

18 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 10 ANXA5, ATG7, BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, CAT, SOD1, TFPT, ULK1
Peripheral membrane protein 1 ANXA5
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 2 BCL2, ULK1
Nucleus 8 BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, GABPA, GPX4, SOD1, TFPT
autophagosome 2 MAP1LC3A, ULK1
cytosol 12 ANXA5, ATG7, BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, CAT, GPX4, LEP, MAP1LC3A, SOD1, ULK1
nucleoplasm 5 CASP3, CASP8, GABPA, SOD1, TFPT
Cell membrane 1 TNF
Lipid-anchor 1 MAP1LC3A
lamellipodium 1 CASP8
Synapse 1 TAC1
cell surface 1 TNF
glutamatergic synapse 3 CASP3, GHRL, MAP1LC3A
neuronal cell body 4 CASP3, SOD1, TAC1, TNF
postsynapse 1 GHRL
sarcolemma 1 ANXA5
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 ULK1
plasma membrane 1 TNF
Membrane 3 ANXA5, BCL2, CAT
axon 4 CCK, GHRL, TAC1, ULK1
extracellular exosome 5 ANXA5, CAT, GPX4, SOD1, SOD2
endoplasmic reticulum 1 BCL2
extracellular space 7 CCK, GHRL, LEP, PYY3, SOD1, TAC1, TNF
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse 1 GHRL
mitochondrion 7 BCL2, CASP8, CASP9, CAT, GPX4, SOD1, SOD2
protein-containing complex 6 BCL2, CASP8, CASP9, CAT, GPX4, SOD1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 CAT, MAP1LC3A
postsynaptic density 1 CASP3
Secreted 4 CCK, GHRL, LEP, PYY3
extracellular region 9 ANXA5, ATG7, CAT, CCK, GHRL, LEP, SOD1, TAC1, TNF
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 BCL2
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 3 BCL2, CASP8, ULK1
Mitochondrion matrix 1 SOD2
mitochondrial matrix 3 CAT, SOD1, SOD2
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
external side of plasma membrane 2 ANXA5, TNF
neuronal dense core vesicle lumen 1 GHRL
cytoplasmic vesicle 1 SOD1
axon cytoplasm 1 SOD1
recycling endosome 2 TNF, ULK1
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Cell projection, lamellipodium 1 CASP8
Membrane raft 1 TNF
pore complex 1 BCL2
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 MAP1LC3A
focal adhesion 2 ANXA5, CAT
microtubule 1 MAP1LC3A
mitochondrial nucleoid 1 SOD2
Peroxisome 2 CAT, SOD1
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 SOD1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ANXA5
axoneme 1 ATG7
dendrite cytoplasm 1 SOD1
Late endosome 1 MAP1LC3A
Zymogen granule membrane 1 ANXA5
chromatin 1 GABPA
Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane 1 MAP1LC3A
autophagosome membrane 2 MAP1LC3A, ULK1
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
cytoskeleton 1 CASP8
actin filament 1 TFPT
organelle membrane 1 MAP1LC3A
nuclear envelope 1 GPX4
Endomembrane system 1 MAP1LC3A
phagophore assembly site 2 ATG7, ULK1
phagophore assembly site membrane 1 ULK1
cell body 1 CASP8
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 2 ATG7, CAT
secretory granule lumen 3 ATG7, CAT, GHRL
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 GHRL
apoptosome 1 CASP9
vesicle membrane 1 ANXA5
CD95 death-inducing signaling complex 1 CASP8
death-inducing signaling complex 2 CASP3, CASP8
ripoptosome 1 CASP8
Preautophagosomal structure 2 ATG7, ULK1
Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex 1 ULK1
omegasome membrane 1 ULK1
Ino80 complex 1 TFPT
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
Autolysosome 1 MAP1LC3A
catalase complex 1 CAT
[Isoform Mitochondrial]: Mitochondrion 1 GPX4
endothelial microparticle 1 ANXA5
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
[Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm 1 GPX4
caspase complex 1 CASP9
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Marta Modrzewska, Dominik Popowski, Lidia Błaszczyk, Łukasz Stępień, Monika Urbaniak, Marcin Bryła, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Magdalena Twarużek. Antagonistic properties against Fusarium sporotrichioides and glycosylation of HT-2 and T-2 toxins by selected Trichoderma strains. Scientific reports. 2024 03; 14(1):5865. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55920-x. [PMID: 38467671]
  • Thomas Svoboda, Roman Labuda, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Markus Bacher, Franz Berthiller, Gerhard Adam. Fusarium sporotrichioides Produces Two HT-2-α-Glucosides on Rice. Toxins. 2024 02; 16(2):. doi: 10.3390/toxins16020099. [PMID: 38393177]
  • Jianyu Ma, Zongyou Wei, Hua Yang, Liang Liu, Yuquan Han, Yongjie Wan. Melatonin protects Leydig cells from HT-2 toxin-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glutathione -dependent pathway. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2023 Apr; ?(?):106410. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106410. [PMID: 37023974]
  • Z A Chalyy, M G Kiseleva, I B Sedova, V A Tutelyan. [Mycotoxins in spices consumed in Russia]. Voprosy pitaniia. 2023; 92(2):26-34. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-26-34. [PMID: 37346017]
  • Jens C Meyer, Tim Birr, Inga Hennies, Detlev Wessels, Karin Schwarz. Reduction of deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and associated Fusarium species during commercial and laboratory de-hulling of milling oats. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2022 Jun; 39(6):1163-1183. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2059576. [PMID: 35385360]
  • Ingerd Skow Hofgaard, Guro Brodal, Marit Almvik, Morten Lillemo, Aina Lundon Russenes, Simon Graham Edwards, Heidi Udnes Aamot. Different Resistance to DON versus HT2 + T2 Producers in Nordic Oat Varieties. Toxins. 2022 04; 14(5):. doi: 10.3390/toxins14050313. [PMID: 35622560]
  • Rastislav Boško, Marek Pernica, Sylvie Běláková, Marie Bjelková, Helena Pluháčková. Determination of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Seed of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] Using Immunoaffinity Column by UPLC-MS/MS. Toxins. 2022 04; 14(4):. doi: 10.3390/toxins14040258. [PMID: 35448867]
  • Basheer M Iqdiam, Ehsan Feizollahi, Muhammad Faisal Arif, Brasathe Jeganathan, Thava Vasanthan, Malinda S Thilakarathna, M S Roopesh. Reduction of T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins by atmospheric cold plasma and its impact on quality changes and germination of wheat grains. Journal of food science. 2021 Apr; 86(4):1354-1371. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15658. [PMID: 33682128]
  • Qinghua Wu, Zihui Qin, Kamil Kuca, Li You, Yingying Zhao, Aimei Liu, Kamil Musilek, Zofia Chrienova, Eugenie Nepovimova, Patrik Oleksak, Wenda Wu, Xu Wang. An update on T-2 toxin and its modified forms: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism, and human exposure assessment. Archives of toxicology. 2020 11; 94(11):3645-3669. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02899-9. [PMID: 32910237]
  • Noshin Daud, Valerie Currie, Gary Duncan, Mark Busman, Silvia W Gratz. Intestinal hydrolysis and microbial biotransformation of diacetoxyscirpenol-α-glucoside, HT-2-β-glucoside and N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B1 by human gut microbiota in vitro. International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2020 Aug; 71(5):540-548. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1698015. [PMID: 31791183]
  • Maja Kiš, Slobodan Milošević, Ana Vulić, Zoran Herceg, Tomislava Vukušić, Jelka Pleadin. Efficacy of low pressure DBD plasma in the reduction of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in oat flour. Food chemistry. 2020 Jun; 316(?):126372. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126372. [PMID: 32062580]
  • Silvia W Gratz, Valerie Currie, Gary Duncan, Diane Jackson. Multimycotoxin Exposure Assessment in UK Children Using Urinary Biomarkers-A Pilot Survey. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2020 Jan; 68(1):351-357. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03964. [PMID: 31826612]
  • Laura Righetti, Tania Körber, Enrico Rolli, Gianni Galaverna, Michele Suman, Renato Bruni, Chiara Dall'Asta. Plant biotransformation of T2 and HT2 toxin in cultured organs of Triticum durum Desf. Scientific reports. 2019 10; 9(1):14320. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50786-w. [PMID: 31586121]
  • Jie Zhang, Kun Sheng, Wenda Wu, Haibin Zhang. Anorectic responses to T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol correspond to plasma elevations of neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2018 10; 161(?):451-458. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.005. [PMID: 29909314]
  • Shupeng Yang, Huiyan Zhang, Marthe De Boevre, Jinzhen Zhang, Yanshen Li, Suxia Zhang, Sarah De Saeger, Jinhui Zhou, Yi Li, Feifei Sun. Toxicokinetics of HT-2 Toxin in Rats and Its Metabolic Profile in Livestock and Human Liver Microsomes. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2018 Aug; 66(30):8160-8168. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02893. [PMID: 29996643]
  • Henning Sören Schmidt, Mareike Schulz, Christine Focke, Stefanie Becker, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf. Glucosylation of T-2 and HT-2 toxins using biotransformation and chemical synthesis: Preparation, stereochemistry, and stability. Mycotoxin research. 2018 Aug; 34(3):159-172. doi: 10.1007/s12550-018-0310-9. [PMID: 29511991]
  • Jie Zhang, Shengli Liu, Hua Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Wenda Wu, Haibin Zhang. Gut satiety hormones cholecystokinin and glucagon-like Peptide-17-36 amide mediate anorexia induction by trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2017 11; 335(?):49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.020. [PMID: 28964791]
  • Jie Zhang, Hui Jia, Qingqing Wang, Yajie Zhang, Wenda Wu, Haibin Zhang. Role of Peptide YY3-36 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in Anorexia Induction by Trichothecences T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin, Diacetoxyscirpenol, and Neosolaniol. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2017 09; 159(1):203-210. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx128. [PMID: 28666375]
  • Keqiu Jiang, Peng Huang, Lianjun Luan, Kai Fan, Wenbo Guo, Zhihui Zhao, Yongjiang Wu, Zheng Han. Iron (II, III) oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite as solid-phase extraction sorbent followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of zearalenone and type A trichothecenes in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). Journal of chromatography. A. 2017 Jan; 1482(?):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.058. [PMID: 28017565]
  • Veronica M T Lattanzio, Michelangelo Pascale. Determination of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Oats and Oat-Based Breakfast Cereals by Liquid-Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2017; 1536(?):127-136. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6682-0_9. [PMID: 28132147]
  • Jacqueline Meng-Reiterer, Christoph Bueschl, Justyna Rechthaler, Franz Berthiller, Marc Lemmens, Rainer Schuhmacher. Metabolism of HT-2 Toxin and T-2 Toxin in Oats. Toxins. 2016 12; 8(12):. doi: 10.3390/toxins8120364. [PMID: 27929394]
  • Wenda Wu, Hui-Ren Zhou, Steven J Bursian, Jane E Link, James J Pestka. Emetic responses to T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and emetine correspond to plasma elevations of peptide YY3-36 and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Archives of toxicology. 2016 Apr; 90(4):997-1007. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1508-7. [PMID: 25855062]
  • Jacqueline Meng-Reiterer, Elisabeth Varga, Alexis V Nathanail, Christoph Bueschl, Justyna Rechthaler, Susan P McCormick, Herbert Michlmayr, Alexandra Malachová, Philipp Fruhmann, Gerhard Adam, Franz Berthiller, Marc Lemmens, Rainer Schuhmacher. Tracing the metabolism of HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin in barley by isotope-assisted untargeted screening and quantitative LC-HRMS analysis. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2015 Oct; 407(26):8019-33. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8975-9. [PMID: 26335000]
  • Alexis V Nathanail, Elisabeth Varga, Jacqueline Meng-Reiterer, Christoph Bueschl, Herbert Michlmayr, Alexandra Malachova, Philipp Fruhmann, Marika Jestoi, Kimmo Peltonen, Gerhard Adam, Marc Lemmens, Rainer Schuhmacher, Franz Berthiller. Metabolism of the Fusarium Mycotoxins T-2 Toxin and HT-2 Toxin in Wheat. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2015 Sep; 63(35):7862-72. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02697. [PMID: 26278508]
  • Herbert Michlmayr, Elisabeth Varga, Alexandra Malachova, Nhung Thi Nguyen, Cindy Lorenz, Dietmar Haltrich, Franz Berthiller, Gerhard Adam. A Versatile Family 3 Glycoside Hydrolase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis Hydrolyzes β-Glucosides of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, and HT-2 Toxin in Cereal Matrices. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2015 Aug; 81(15):4885-93. doi: 10.1128/aem.01061-15. [PMID: 25979885]
  • Johannes Gerding, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf. Determination of mycotoxin exposure in Germany using an LC-MS/MS multibiomarker approach. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2014 Dec; 58(12):2358-68. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400406. [PMID: 25243722]
  • Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Juan Carlos Moltó, Jordi Mañes, Houda Berrada. Exposure assessment approach through mycotoxin/creatinine ratio evaluation in urine by GC-MS/MS. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2014 Oct; 72(?):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.014. [PMID: 25042512]
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  • Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Shigeru Sakamoto, Yuki Sago, Hitoshi Nagashima. Detection of type A trichothecene di-glucosides produced in corn by high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Toxins. 2013 Mar; 5(3):590-604. doi: 10.3390/toxins5030590. [PMID: 23524332]
  • Simon G Edwards, Samuel M Imathiu, Rumiana V Ray, Matthew Back, Martin C Hare. Molecular studies to identify the Fusarium species responsible for HT-2 and T-2 mycotoxins in UK oats. International journal of food microbiology. 2012 May; 156(2):168-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.020. [PMID: 22521800]
  • Weijun Kong, Xiaofei Zhang, Honghong Shen, Zhen Ou-Yang, Meihua Yang. Validation of a gas chromatography-electron capture detection of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in Chinese herbal medicines and related products after immunoaffinity column clean-up and pre-column derivatization. Food chemistry. 2012 May; 132(1):574-81. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.073. [PMID: 26434334]
  • H J van der Fels-Klerx, T C de Rijk, C J H Booij, P W Goedhart, E A M Boers, C Zhao, C Waalwijk, H G J Mol, T A J van der Lee. Occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight species and Fusarium mycotoxins in winter wheat in the Netherlands in 2009. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2012; 29(11):1716-26. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2012.685891. [PMID: 22624849]
  • S De Baere, J Goossens, A Osselaere, M Devreese, V Vandenbroucke, P De Backer, S Croubels. Quantitative determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol in animal body fluids using LC-MS/MS detection. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2011 Aug; 879(24):2403-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.036. [PMID: 21767999]
  • Sonja Eckard, Felix E Wettstein, Hans-Rudolf Forrer, Susanne Vogelgsang. Incidence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in silage maize. Toxins. 2011 Aug; 3(8):949-67. doi: 10.3390/toxins3080949. [PMID: 22069750]
  • Maika Königs, Dennis Mulac, Gerald Schwerdt, Michael Gekle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf. Metabolism and cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its metabolites on human cells in primary culture. Toxicology. 2009 Apr; 258(2-3):106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.012. [PMID: 19428930]
  • László Pál, Károly Dublecz, Mária Weber, Krisztián Balogh, Márta Erdélyi, Gábor Szigeti, Miklós Mézes. Effect of combined treatment with aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin and metabolites on some production traits and lipid peroxide status parameters of broiler chickens. Acta veterinaria Hungarica. 2009 Mar; 57(1):75-84. doi: 10.1556/avet.57.2009.1.8. [PMID: 19457776]
  • Anne E Desjardins, Susan P McCormick, Michael Appell. Structure-activity relationships of trichothecene toxins in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf assay. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Aug; 55(16):6487-92. doi: 10.1021/jf0709193. [PMID: 17630765]
  • Daisuke Masuda, Mamoru Ishida, Kazuo Yamaguchi, Isamu Yamaguchi, Makoto Kimura, Takumi Nishiuchi. Phytotoxic effects of trichothecenes on the growth and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of experimental botany. 2007; 58(7):1617-26. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erl298. [PMID: 17426057]
  • J A Holme, E Morrison, J T Samuelsen, R Wiger, M Låg, P E Schwarze, A Bernhoft, M Refsnes. Mechanisms involved in the induction of apoptosis by T-2 and HT-2 toxins in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell biology and toxicology. 2003 Feb; 19(1):53-68. doi: 10.1023/a:1022069715399. [PMID: 12661987]
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  • R J Pawlosky, C J Mirocha, Y Wen, H K Abbas. Use of deuterated internal standards for quantitation of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in human blood by tandem mass spectrometry. Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1989 Sep; 72(5):807-12. doi: NULL. [PMID: 2808242]
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  • T S Fan, Y C Xu, F S Chu. Simultaneous analysis of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1987 Jul; 70(4):657-61. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3624170]
  • T S Fan, G S Zhang, F S Chu. Production and characterization of antibodies against HT-2 toxin and T-2 tetraol tetraacetate. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1987 Jan; 53(1):17-21. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.1.17-21.1987. [PMID: 3827243]
  • R M Black, R J Clarke, R W Read. Detection of trace levels of trichothecene mycotoxins in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. 1986 Sep; 367(1):103-15. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94820-9. [PMID: 3782332]
  • B Yagen, M Bialer, A Sintov. Gas chromatographic assay with pharmacokinetic applications for monitoring T-2 and HT-2 toxins in plasma. Journal of chromatography. 1985 Sep; 343(1):67-75. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84569-7. [PMID: 4066862]
  • P K Chan, P A Gentry. Inhibition of bovine platelet function by T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 1984 Aug; 22(8):643-8. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90273-4. [PMID: 6540739]