Subcellular Location: cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Echinocystic

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Echinocystic acid is a triterpenoid. Echinocystic acid is a natural product found in Cucurbita foetidissima, Eclipta alba, and other organisms with data available. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

Vincamine

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

Vincamine is a vinca alkaloid, an alkaloid ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a methyl ester and a hemiaminal. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a vasodilator agent and a metabolite. It is functionally related to an eburnamenine. Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid obtained from the leaves of *Vinca minor* with a vasodilatory property. Studies indicate that vincamine increases the regional cerebral blood flow. Vincamine is a natural product found in Vinca difformis, Vinca major, and other organisms with data available. A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders. Vincamine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1617-90-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1617-90-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2]. Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2].

Cynaropicrin

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Constituent of Cynara scolymus (artichoke). Cynaropicrin is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and root vegetables. Cynaropicrin is found in cardoon. Cynaropicrin is a constituent of Cynara scolymus (artichoke). Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone. Cynaropicrin is a natural product found in Pleiotaxis rugosa, Pseudostifftia kingii, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). D009676 - Noxae > D003603 - Cytotoxins Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling. Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling.

5,6-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

5,6-Dehydrokawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones. Desmethoxyyangonin is a natural product found in Alpinia blepharocalyx, Alpinia rafflesiana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). 5,6-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in beverages. 5,6-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damag Found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B. Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B.

Isobutylshikonin

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

Isobutylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Isobutyrylshikonin is a natural product found in Lithospermum erythrorhizon with data available. Isobutylshikonin is a kind of shikonin pigments from hairy root culture of Lithospermum canescens[1].

Narcissin

C28H32O16 (624.169)

Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a disaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. Narcissoside is a natural product found in Phoenix canariensis, Scolymus hispanicus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginkgo (part of); Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1]. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1].

Sudan_IV

C24H20N4O (380.1637)

Sudan IV is a bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections. It has a role as a histological dye, a fluorochrome and a carcinogenic agent. It is a bis(azo) compound, a member of naphthols and a member of azobenzenes. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol. D004396 - Coloring Agents

Hirsutine

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

Annotation level-1 Hirsutine is a natural product found in Uncaria tomentosa, Mitragyna hirsuta, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cats Claw (part of).

Genkwanin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Genkwanin, also known as 5,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone or 7-methylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, genkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Genkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Genkwanin is a bitter tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as winter savory, sweet basil, rosemary, and common sage, which makes genkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Genkwanin is an O-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in the seeds of Alnus glutinosa, and the leaves of the ferns Notholaena bryopoda and Asplenium normale . Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.

Nicotine

C10H14N2 (162.1157)

Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green pepper. Nicotine alkaloids are also found in the leaves of the coca plant. Nicotine constitutes 0.3 to 5\\\% of the tobacco plant by dry weight, with biosynthesis taking place in the root and accumulation in the leaves. It is a potent neurotoxin with particular specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past and nicotine derivatives such as imidacloprid continue to be widely used. It has been noted that the majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke tobacco. Estimates for the number of schizophrenics that smoke range from 75\\\% to 90\\\%. It was recently argued that the increased level of smoking in schizophrenia may be due to a desire to self-medicate with nicotine. More recent research has found the reverse: it is a risk factor without long-term benefit, used only for its short-term effects. However, research on nicotine as administered through a patch or gum is ongoing. As nicotine enters the body, it is distributed quickly through the bloodstream and can cross the blood-brain barrier. On average, it takes about seven seconds for the substance to reach the brain. The half-life of nicotine in the body is around 2 hours. The amount of nicotine inhaled with tobacco smoke is a fraction of the amount contained in the tobacco leaves (most of the substance is destroyed by the heat). The amount of nicotine absorbed by the body from smoking depends on many factors, including the type of tobacco, whether the smoke is inhaled, and whether a filter is used. For chewing tobacco, often called dip, snuff, or sinus, which is held in the mouth between the lip and gum, the amount released into the body tends to be much greater than smoked tobacco. The currently available literature indicates that nicotine, on its own, does not promote the development of cancer in healthy tissue and has no mutagenic properties. Its teratogenic properties have not yet been adequately researched, and while the likelihood of birth defects caused by nicotine is believed to be very small or nonexistent, nicotine replacement product manufacturers recommend consultation with a physician before using a nicotine patch or nicotine gum while pregnant or nursing. However, nicotine and the increased acetylcholinic activity it causes have been shown to impede apoptosis, which is one of the methods by which the body destroys unwanted cells (programmed cell death). Since apoptosis helps to remove mutated or damaged cells that may eventually become cancerous, the inhibitory actions of nicotine create a more favourable environment for cancer to develop. Thus, nicotine plays an indirect role in carcinogenesis. It is also important to note that its addictive properties are often the primary motivating factor for tobacco smoking, contributing to the proliferation of cancer. Nicotine is a highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is a hygroscopic, oily liquid that is miscible with water in its base form. As a nitrogenous base, nicotine forms salts with acids that are usually solid and water soluble. Nicotine easily penetrates the skin. As shown by the physical data, free base nicotine will burn at a temperature below its boiling point, and its vapours will combust at 95 °C in the air despite a low vapour pressure. Because of this, most nicotine is burned when a cigarette is smoked; however, enough is inhaled to provide the desired effects. Nicotine is a stimulant drug that acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These are ionotropic receptors composed of five homomeric or heteromeric subunits. In the brain, nicotine binds to nic... Nicotine appears as a colorless to light yellow or brown liquid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation and by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. (S)-nicotine is a 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. It has a role as a phytogenic insecticide, a teratogenic agent, a neurotoxin, an anxiolytic drug, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a biomarker, an immunomodulator, a mitogen, a peripheral nervous system drug, a psychotropic drug, a plant metabolite and a xenobiotic. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-nicotinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-nicotine. Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is a Cholinergic Nicotinic Agonist. Nicotine is a natural alkyloid that is a major component of cigarettes and is used therapeutically to help with smoking cessation. Nicotine has not been associated with liver test abnormalities or with clinically apparent hepatotoxicity. Nicotine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Nicotiana cavicola, and other organisms with data available. Nicotine is a plant alkaloid, found in the tobacco plant, and addictive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that causes either ganglionic stimulation in low doses or ganglionic blockage in high doses. Nicotine acts as an agonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, at neuromuscular junctions, and in the adrenal medulla and the brain. Nicotines CNS-stimulating activities may be mediated through the release of several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, beta-endorphin, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and ACTH. As a result, peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure may be observed with nicotine intake. This agent may also stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby inducing nausea and vomiting. Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. See also: Tobacco Leaf (part of); Nicotine Polacrilex (related); Menthol; nicotine (component of) ... View More ... Alkaloid from Nicotiana tabacum and other Nicotiana subspecies, Asclepias syriaca, Lycopodium subspecies, and other subspecies (Solanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Crassulaceae). Rare spread of occurrence between angiosperms and cryptogametes (CCD) A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.

Chrysosplenetin

C19H18O8 (374.1002)

Chrysosplenetin, also known as quercetagetin 3,6,7,3-tetramethyl ether or 3,6,7,3-tetra-methylquercetagetin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, chrysosplenetin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Chrysosplenetin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Chrysosplenetin can be found in german camomile, which makes chrysosplenetin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Chrysosplenetin is an O-methylated flavonol. It can be found in the root of Berneuxia thibetica and in Chamomilla recutita . Chrysosplenetin is a tetramethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7,3-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetagetin. Chrysosplenetin is a natural product found in Haplophyllum myrtifolium, Cleome amblyocarpa, and other organisms with data available. Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1]. Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1].

Herniarin

C10H8O3 (176.0473)

Herniarin, also known as 7-methoxycoumarin or ayapanin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as coumarins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Herniarin is a sweet, balsamic, and tonka tasting compound. Herniarin has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as barley, tarragons, roman camomiles, fruits, and wild celeries. This could make herniarin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Herniarin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. It has a role as a fluorochrome. 7-Methoxycoumarin is a natural product found in Haplopappus multifolius, Herniaria hirsuta, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of). Present in Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry). Herniarin is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, wild celery, barley, and fruits. A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect.

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin /ˈæli.ɪn/ is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic.[1] It is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin and other thiosulfinates in garlic are unstable and form a number of other compounds, such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), dithiins and ajoene.[2] Garlic powder is not a source of alliin, nor is fresh garlic upon maceration, since the enzymatic conversion to allicin takes place in the order of seconds. Alliin was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry.[3] Constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion, garlic, and onion-family vegetables. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is a constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Curdione

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

Curdione is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid. Germacr-1(10)-ene-5,8-dione is a natural product found in Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma wenyujin, and other organisms with data available. Curdione is found in turmeric. Curdione is a constituent of Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) Constituent of Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary). Curdione is found in turmeric. Curdione, one of the major sesquiterpene compounds from Curcuma zedoaria, has been shown to exhibit multiple bioactive properties. IC50 value: 60–80 μM Target: In vitro: The study of the influence of curdione on the hemorheological changes in blood stasis model rats and thrombolysis in vitro showed that curdione only possessed thrombolytic effect in dose of 0.235 g·L-1 and 2.35 g·L-1, but has not the notable activity of thrombolysis [1]. The effects of curdione on human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.3 U/ml) were tested in vitro. Curdione preferentially inhibited PAF- and thrombin- induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 60–80 μM), whereas much higher concentrations of curdione were required to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA. Curdione also inhibited P-selectin expression in PAF-activated platelets. Moreover, curdione caused an increase in cAMP levels and attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in PAF-activated platelets. In vivo: Curdione showed significant antithrombotic activity [2]. Curdione, one of the major sesquiterpene compounds from Curcuma zedoaria, has been shown to exhibit multiple bioactive properties. IC50 value: 60–80 μM Target: In vitro: The study of the influence of curdione on the hemorheological changes in blood stasis model rats and thrombolysis in vitro showed that curdione only possessed thrombolytic effect in dose of 0.235 g·L-1 and 2.35 g·L-1, but has not the notable activity of thrombolysis [1]. The effects of curdione on human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.3 U/ml) were tested in vitro. Curdione preferentially inhibited PAF- and thrombin- induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 60–80 μM), whereas much higher concentrations of curdione were required to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA. Curdione also inhibited P-selectin expression in PAF-activated platelets. Moreover, curdione caused an increase in cAMP levels and attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in PAF-activated platelets. In vivo: Curdione showed significant antithrombotic activity [2].

Astragaloside

C41H68O14 (784.4609)

Astragaloside III is a triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol with a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl moiety attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is a triterpenoid saponin and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a cycloastragenol. Astragaloside III is a natural product found in Astragalus hoantchy, Astragalus lehmannianus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Astragalus propinquus root (part of). A triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol with a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl moiety attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Astragaloside III is a natural product isolated from Astragalus. Astragaloside III is a natural product isolated from Astragalus.

(R)-Methysticin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Methysticin is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Methysticin is a natural product found in Piper methysticum and Piper majusculum with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). (R)-Methysticin is found in beverages. (R)-Methysticin is found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002). Found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002) Methylsticin is a kavalactone isolated from the Piper methysticum . Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity[1]. Methylsticin is a kavalactone isolated from the Piper methysticum . Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity[1].

Telobufotoxin

C24H34O5 (402.2406)

Telocinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Telocinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Bufo bufo, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis. Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis.

Alisol

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Alisol B is a triterpenoid. Alisol B is a natural product found in Alisma, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and other organisms with data available. Alisol B is a potentially novel therapeutic compound for bone disorders by targeting the differentiation of osteoclasts as well as their functions. IC50 Value: Target: In vitro: The in vitro cultured human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were intervened with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), 0.1 micromol C3a, and 0.1 micromol C3a + 10 micromol alisol B, respectively. Exogenous C3a could induce renal tubular EMT. Alisol B was capable of suppressing C3a induced EMT [1]. Alisol-B strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of cultures, suggesting that alisol-B acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Among the RANK signaling pathways, alisol-B inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, which are upregulated in response to RANKL in bone marrow macrophages, alisol-B also inhibited RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are key transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, alisol-B suppressed the pit-forming activity and disrupted the actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts [2]. Alisol B induced calcium mobilization from internal stores, leading to autophagy through the activation of the CaMKK-AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Moreover, the disruption of calcium homeostasis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein responses in alisol B-treated cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. Finally, by computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays, it was showed that the molecular target of alisol B is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase [3]. In vivo: Alisol B is a potentially novel therapeutic compound for bone disorders by targeting the differentiation of osteoclasts as well as their functions. IC50 Value: Target: In vitro: The in vitro cultured human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were intervened with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), 0.1 micromol C3a, and 0.1 micromol C3a + 10 micromol alisol B, respectively. Exogenous C3a could induce renal tubular EMT. Alisol B was capable of suppressing C3a induced EMT [1]. Alisol-B strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of cultures, suggesting that alisol-B acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Among the RANK signaling pathways, alisol-B inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, which are upregulated in response to RANKL in bone marrow macrophages, alisol-B also inhibited RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are key transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, alisol-B suppressed the pit-forming activity and disrupted the actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts [2]. Alisol B induced calcium mobilization from internal stores, leading to autophagy through the activation of the CaMKK-AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Moreover, the disruption of calcium homeostasis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein responses in alisol B-treated cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. Finally, by computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays, it was showed that the molecular target of alisol B is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase [3]. In vivo:

Veratrole_alcohol

C9H12O3 (168.0786)

(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol is a member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups. It has a role as a fungal metabolite. It is a member of benzyl alcohols, a primary alcohol and a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol is a natural product found in Croton lechleri and Cucurbita pepo with data available. A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups. Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzenemethanol), a secondary metabolite of some lignin degrading fungi, is commonly used nonphenolic substrate for assaying ligninolytic activity[1][2]. Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzenemethanol), a secondary metabolite of some lignin degrading fungi, is commonly used nonphenolic substrate for assaying ligninolytic activity[1][2].

Sakuranetin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

Sakuranetin is a flavonoid phytoalexin that is (S)-naringenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as an antimycobacterial drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavonoid phytoalexin, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Sakuranetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Sakuranetin is found in black walnut. Sakuranetin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in Polymnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin against spore germination of Pyricularia oryzae Sakuranetin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in Polymnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin against spore germination of Pyricularia oryzae. A flavonoid phytoalexin that is (S)-naringenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. Sakuranetin is a cherry flavonoid phytoalexin, shows strong antifungal activity[1]. Sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury[2]. Sakuranetin is a cherry flavonoid phytoalexin, shows strong antifungal activity[1]. Sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury[2].

alpha-Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Alpha-Spinasterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. alpha-Spinasterol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Benincasa hispida, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). Constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. alpha-Spinasterol is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, towel gourd, muskmelon, and green vegetables. alpha-Spinasterol is found in alfalfa. alpha-Spinasterol is a constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

Friedelin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Friedelin is a natural product found in Diospyros eriantha, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as pomegranate, sugar apple, apple, and mammee apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

Swertisin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Swertisin is a flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a hypoglycemic agent. It is a flavone C-glycoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a polyphenol, a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Swertisin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Gentiana orbicularis, and other organisms with data available. A flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone isolated from Iris tectorum, is known to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Swertisin is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist[1][2].

Bruceantin

C28H36O11 (548.2258)

Bruceantin is a triterpenoid. Bruceantin is a natural product found in Brucea javanica and Brucea antidysenterica with data available. Bruceantin is a triterpene quassinoid antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the plant Brucea antidysenterica. Bruceantin inhibits the peptidyl transferase elongation reaction, resulting in decreased protein and DNA synthesis. Bruceantin also has antiamoebic and antimalarial activity. (NCI04) C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C1974 - Quassinoid Agent C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Bruceantin (NSC165563) can be extracted from B. javanica and has inhibitory effects on B16 melanoma, colon cancer 38, L1210 and leukemia P388. Bruceantin (NSC165563) can be extracted from B. javanica and has inhibitory effects on B16 melanoma, colon cancer 38, L1210 and leukemia P388.

Jintan

C42H61O16.NH4 (839.4303)

Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate is an organic molecular entity. An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate) has various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antigastriculcer, and antihepatitis activities. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate) has various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antigastriculcer, and antihepatitis activities.

2-Hydroxyadenine

C5H5N5O (151.0494)

2-Hydroxyadenine (2-OH-Ade) is formed by hydroxyl radical attack on DNA bases and shows a genotoxicity in human, being the source of the mutations induced by reactive oxygen species. 2-OH-Ade in DNA is miscoding and elicits various mutations, and is a mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells. (Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry (2000)2:41-50) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxyadenine (2-OH-Ade) is formed by hydroxyl radical attack on DNA bases and shows a genotoxicity in human, being the source of the mutations induced by reactive oxygen species. 2-OH-Ade in DNA is miscoding and elicits various mutations, and is a mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells. (Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry (2000)2:41-50). Isoguanine is an oxopurine that is 3,7-dihydro-purin-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by an amino group.

Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

Capsanthin is found in green vegetables. Capsanthin is a constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Potential nutriceutical.Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract) is an oil soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum Annum Linn or Capsicum Frutescens(Indian red chillies), and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products. It is composed of capsaicin, the main flavouring compound giving pungency in higher concentrations, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main colouring compounds (among other carotenoids) Capsanthin is a carotenone. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Capsanthin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum, Lilium lancifolium, and Gallus gallus with data available. See also: Red Pepper (part of). Constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Potential nutriceutical D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Dimethyl trisulfide

C2H6S3 (125.9632)

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide. It is a flammable liquid with a foul odor, which is detectable at levels as low as 1 part per trillion. Dimethyl trisulfide has been found in volatiles emitted from cooked onion, leek and other Allium species, from broccoli and cabbage, as well as from Limburger cheese, and is involved in the unpalatable aroma of aged beer and stale Japanese sake. It is a decomposition product from bacterial decomposition, including from the early stages of human decomposition, and is a major attractant for blowflies looking for hosts. Dimethyl trisulfide along with dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide have been confirmed as volatile compounds given off by the fly-attracting plant known as dead-horse arum (Helicodiceros muscivorus). These flies are attracted to the odor of fetid meat and help pollinate this plant. DMTS contributes to the foul odor given off by the fungus Phallus impudicus, also known as the common stinkhorn. DMTS causes the characteristic malodorous smell of a fungating lesion, e.g., from cancer wounds, and contributes to the odor of human feces. Dimethyldisulfide is a volatile organic compound. Methyl disulfide is occasionally found as a volatile component of normal human breath and biofluids. Dimethyldisulfide is one of the representative volatile components found in oral malodor. Dimethyldisulfide concentrations in breath is a practical noninvasive way to assess recent exposure to sulfur compounds in sulfate pulp mills, and therefore it should be applicable to workplaces contaminated. (PMID: 5556886, 14691119, 11236158, 8481097) (Wikipedia). Found in essential oil of hop (Humulus lupulus), garlic (Allium sativum), shallot (Allium cepa) and ramsons (Allium ursinum)and is also found in pineapple, raw cabbage, kohrabi, roasted filberts, roasted peanuts, edible mushrooms, brussel sprouts, fermented radish, Chinese cabbage, parsnips, scallop and squid. The major off-flavour principle of overcooked brassicas. Flavouring ingredient. Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic trisulfide. Dimethyl trisulfide is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Allium chinense, and other organisms with data available. dimethyltrisulfide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide found in garlic, onion, broccoli, and similar plants. Dimethyl trisulfide is a cyanide antidote[1]. Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide found in garlic, onion, broccoli, and similar plants. Dimethyl trisulfide is a cyanide antidote[1].

Punicic_acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

(9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid is a 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. Punicic acid is a natural product found in Trichosanthes nervifolia, Punica granatum, and other organisms with data available. Punicic Acid is a polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18-carbon backbone and exactly three double bonds, originating from the 5th, 7th and 9th positions from the methyl end, with these three bonds in the cis-, trans- and cis- configurations, respectively. See also: Pomegranate Seed Oil (has part). A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum).

Tramiprosate

C3H9NO3S (139.0303)

3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].

Zingiberene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Zingiberene is 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale. It is a sesquiterpene and a cyclohexadiene. It is an enantiomer of an ent-zingiberene. Zingiberene is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum azoricum, Helichrysum odoratissimum, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of ginger oiland is) also from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), long pepper (Piper longum) and kua (Curcuma zedoaria). Zingiberene is found in many foods, some of which are cloves, pepper (spice), ginger, and turmeric. Zingiberene is found in anise. Zingiberene is a constituent of ginger oil. Also from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), long pepper (Piper longum) and kua (Curcuma zedoaria)

Arecaidine

C7H11NO2 (141.079)

Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].

Podophyllotoxone

C22H20O8 (412.1158)

Podophyllotoxone is a lactone and a lignan. Podophyllotoxone is a natural product found in Diphylleia grayi, Podophyllum peltatum, and other organisms with data available. Podophyllotoxone is isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis and has anti-cancer activities.Podophyllotoxone is able to inhibit the tubulin polymerization[1]. Podophyllotoxone is isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis and has anti-cancer activities.Podophyllotoxone is able to inhibit the tubulin polymerization[1].

Guvacine

C6H9NO2 (127.0633)

Guvacine is a alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It is a beta-amino acid, a tetrahydropyridine, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, a pyridine alkaloid and a secondary amino compound. Guvacine is a pyridine alkaloid found in the Areca nut (also known as the Betel nut). It is an experimental drug with no approved indication. Experimental studies are still being investigated to determine all of the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of guvacine. Currently it has been determined that guvacine is a specific GABA reuptake inhibitor with no significant affinity at GABA receptors. A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.

Pinostilbene

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene is a stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol. 3-Methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene is a natural product found in Soymida febrifuga, Rumex bucephalophorus, and other organisms with data available. A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether. Pinostilbene (trans-Pinostilbene) is a major metabolite of Pterostilbene. Pinostilbene exhibits inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells[1]. Pinostilbene (trans-Pinostilbene) is a major metabolite of Pterostilbene. Pinostilbene exhibits inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells[1].

Paeoniflorigenone

C17H18O6 (318.1103)

A natural product found in Paeonia rockii subspeciesrockii. Paeoniflorigenone is a terpenoid with formula C17H18O6, isolated from several species of Paeoniae. It has a role as a neuromuscular agent and a plant metabolite. It is a benzoate ester, a monoterpenoid, a cyclic acetal, an alicyclic ketone, a bridged compound and a lactol. [(1S,3S,6R,8R,10S)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,8]decan-10-yl]methyl benzoate is a natural product found in Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia clusii, and other organisms with data available. A terpenoid with formula C17H18O6, isolated from several species of Paeoniae.

Medicarpin

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

A member of the class of pterocarpans that is 3-hydroxyptercarpan with a methoxy substituent at position 9. (+)-medicarpin is the (+)-enantiomer of medicarpin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-medicarpin. (+)-Medicarpin is a natural product found in Dalbergia sissoo, Machaerium acutifolium, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of medicarpin. (-)-medicarpin is the (-)-enantiomer of medicarpin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-medicarpin. Medicarpin is a natural product found in Cicer chorassanicum, Melilotus dentatus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of); Medicago sativa whole (part of). The (-)-enantiomer of medicarpin. Medicarpin is a flavonoid isolated from Medicago sativa. Medicarpin induces apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of agents[1]. Medicarpin is a flavonoid isolated from Medicago sativa. Medicarpin induces apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of agents[1].

3-Feruloylquinic acid

C17H20O9 (368.1107)

3-Feruloylquinic acid (3-FQA) (CAS: 1899-29-2) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinic acids and derivatives. Quinic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a quinic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which is a cyclitol made up of a cyclohexane ring that bears four hydroxyl groups at positions 1,3.4, and 5, as well as a carboxylic acid at position 1. Coffee, especially green or raw coffee, is a major source of chlorogenic acids (CGA). CGAs have been associated with a range of health benefits including a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, and Alzheimers disease. Major CGAs in coffee include 3-, 4-, and 5-feruloylquinic acids (PMID: 19022950). 3-FQA has been detected in the plasma and urine of humans who have ingested coffee (PMID: 19460943). 3-FQA is also found in chicory, tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). 3-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid is a quinic acid that is the 3-O-feruloyl derivative of D-quinic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a quinic acid and an enoate ester. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a ferulic acid. 3-O-Feruloylquinic acid is a natural product found in Astragalus onobrychis, Astragalus arguricus, and other organisms with data available. 5-feruloylquinic acid, also known as O-feruloylquinate, belongs to quinic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a quinic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which is a cyclitol made up of a cyclohexane ring that bears four hydroxyl groups at positions 1,3.4, and 5, as well as a carboxylic acid at position 1. 5-feruloylquinic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-feruloylquinic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sweet cherry, apricot, redcurrant, and peach (variety), which makes 5-feruloylquinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. . 3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances[1][2]. 3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances[1][2].

Calenduloside E

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid. Calenduloside E is a natural product found in Anredera baselloides, Polyscias scutellaria, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Constituent of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) and Momordica cochinchinensis (Chinese cucumber). Oleanolic acid 3-glucuronide is found in common beet, green vegetables, and root vegetables. Calenduloside E is found in common beet. Calenduloside E is a constituent of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) and Momordica cochinchinensis (Chinese cucumber). Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

(Z)-3-Methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one

C11H16O (164.1201)

(Z)-3-Methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one is found in citrus. (Z)-3-Methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one occurs in peppermint oil, green tea and bergamot oranges (Citrus bergamia).Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has the odor of jasmine. Jasmone can exist in two isomeric forms with differing geometry around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone and trans-jasmone. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while synthetic material is often a mixture containing both forms, with the cis form predominating. Both forms have similar odors and chemical properties. (Wikipedia Jasmone is a cyclic ketone. Jasmone is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Pulicaria arabica, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in peppermint oil, green tea and bergamot oranges (Citrus bergamia) Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1]. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1].

Geraniol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

trans-beta-Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Trans-beta-farnesene is a beta-farnesene in which the double bond at position 6-7 has E configuration. It is the major or sole alarm pheromone in most species of aphid. It has a role as an alarm pheromone and a metabolite. beta-Farnesene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. trans-beta-Farnesene, also known as (E)-β-Farnesene or (E)-7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is classified as a member of the Sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. trans-beta-Farnesene is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

Abyssinone V

C25H28O5 (408.1937)

Abyssinone V is a trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4 and prenyl groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of phenols, a trihydroxyflavanone and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. Abyssinone V is a natural product found in Erythrina abyssinica, Azadirachta indica, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4 and prenyl groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively.

Cernuine

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Aureusidin is a hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an aurone. It is a conjugate acid of an aureusidin-6-olate. Aureusidin is a natural product found in Eleocharis dulcis, Eleocharis pallens, and other organisms with data available. Cernuine is found in citrus. Cernuine is isolated from Citrus medica (citron). Isolated from Citrus medica (citron). Cernuine is found in lemon and citrus. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1].

Acridone

C13H9NO (195.0684)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2310 Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].

Cuminaldehyde

C10H12O (148.0888)

Cuminaldehyde is the biologically active constituent of Cuminum cyminum seed oil. C. cyminum seed-derived materials have an inhibitory effect in vitro against rat lens aldose reductase and alpha-glucosidase. This inhibitory action cuminaldehyde suggest a potential utility as an antidiabetic therapeutic. (PMID:15796577). Cuminaldehyde is a volatile compound representative of cumin aroma present in trace amounts in the blood and milk of ewes fed with cumin seed. (PMID:8738023). The terpenoid cuminaldehyde, undergoes reduction biotransformation in mammals, but not oxidation. (PMID:2815827). Cuminaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. It has a role as an insecticide, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a cumene. 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. Found in many essential oils, including eucalyptus, cumin and cassiaand is also present in grilled or roast beef and cognac. Flavouring agent Cuminaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=122-03-2 (retrieved 2024-07-11) (CAS RN: 122-03-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1]. Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1].

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Di(n-octyl) phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or dehp, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Di(n-octyl) phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 198 D010968 - Plasticizers DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite.

Pyrimethanil

C12H13N3 (199.1109)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8499; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8497 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8504; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8502 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8481; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8479 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8459; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8457 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 405; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8532; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8531 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2712 Pyrimethanil is a fungicide used on grape vines. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Fungicide used on grape vines. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2,4-Quinolinediol

C9H7NO2 (161.0477)

2-Methoxyestrone

C19H24O3 (300.1725)

2-Methoxyestrone (or 2-ME1) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 2-methoxyestrone is considered to be a steroid or steroid derivative. It is a by-product of estrone and 2-hydroxyestrone metabolism and has been detected in all mammals. More specifically, 2-methoxyestrone is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and a metabolite of estrone that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 2-hydroxyestrone. 2-Methoxyestrone is part of the androgen and estrogen metabolic pathway. The acid ionization constant (pKa) of 2-methoxyestrone has been determined to be 10.81 (PMID: 516114). 2-Methoxyestrone can be metabolized to a sulfated derivative (2-methoxyestrone 3-sulfate) via steroid sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.15). It can also be glucuronidated to 2-methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide by UDP glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17). Unlike estrone but similarly to 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestrone has very low affinity for the estrogen receptor and lacks significant estrogenic activity (PMID: 10865186). 2-methoxyestrone is a steroid derivative that is a byproduct of estrone and 2-hydroxyestrone metabolism. It is part of the androgen and estrogen metabolic pathway. The acid ionization constant (pKa) of 2-methoxyestrone is 10.81 (PMID: 516114). 2-Methoxyestrone can be metabolized to a sulfated derivative (2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate) via steroid sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.15). It can also be glucuronidated to 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide by UDP glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17). [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.

Tryptophol

C10H11NO (161.0841)

Tryptophol, also known as indole-3-ethanol, is an indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an auxin and a plant metabolite. Tryptophol is a catabolite of tryptophan converted by the gut microbiota. After absorption through the intestinal epithelium, tryptophan catabolites enter the bloodstream and are later excreted in the urine (PMID:30120222). Tryptophol production was negatively associated with interferon-gamma production (IFNγ) which suggests that tryptophol has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID:27814509). Tryptophol has also been identified as the hypnotic agent in trypanosomal sleeping sickness, and because it is formed in vivo after ethanol or disulfiram treatment, it is also associated with the study of alcoholism (PMID:7241135). Indole-3-ethanol is a dietary indole present in cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to influence estradiol metabolism in humans and may provide a new chemopreventive approach to estrogen-dependent diseases. (PMID 2342128) Tryptophol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=526-55-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 526-55-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Tryptophol (Indole-3-ethanol) is an endogenous metabolite. Tryptophol (Indole-3-ethanol) is an endogenous metabolite.

Beta-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

The use of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors is increasingly becoming a valuable therapeutic alternative in tumors carrying activated tyrosine kinase receptors. GMR beta tyrosine residues are not necessary for activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, or for proliferation, viability, or adhesion signaling in Ba/F3 cells, although tyrosine residues significantly affect the magnitude of the response. (PMID:10372132). The use of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors is increasingly becoming a valuable therapeutic alternative in tumors carrying activated tyrosine kinase receptors. KEIO_ID A176

d-Threo biopterin

C9H11N5O3 (237.0862)

6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin), a pterin derivative, is a NO synthase cofactor.

7a-Hydroxytestosterone

C19H28O3 (304.2038)

4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430) [HMDB] 4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430).

N-Acetylhistamine

C7H11N3O (153.0902)

N-Acetylhistamine is a 4-(beta-Acetylaminoethyl)imidazole that is an intermediate in Histidine metabolism. It is generated from Histamine via the enzyme Transferases (EC 2.3.1.-). Histamine is an amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. Isolated from leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach). N-Acetylhistamine is found in green vegetables and spinach. KEIO_ID A093 N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions.

2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate

C10H14N5O7P (347.0631)

2-Deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate, also known as deoxyguanylic acid or 2-deoxy-GMP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are purine nucleotides with monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. 2-Deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate is a purine 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. It exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate can be converted into dGDP which is mediated by the enzyme guanylate kinase. In addition, 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate can be converted into deoxyguanosine through its interaction with the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In humans, 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate is involved in the metabolic disorder called the gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome pathway. 2-Deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid GTP, or guanosine triphosphate, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotides pentose has been removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name). Additionally, the diphosphate of the name indicates that two of the phosphoryl groups of GTP have been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Dihydroorotic acid

C5H6N2O4 (158.0328)

4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].

Nα-Acetyl-L-lysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine also known as Nepsilon-Acetyllysine or N6-Acetyllysine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at one of its nitrogen atoms. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a biologically available sidechain, N-capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-lysine. Unlike L-lysine, acetylated lysine derivatives such as N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine are zwitterionic compounds. These are molecules that contains an equal number of positively- and negatively-charged functional groups. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is found naturally in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to plants to humans. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins (often histones) by specific hydrolases. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can be biosynthesized from L-lysine and acetyl-CoA via the enzyme known as Lysine N-acetyltransferase. Post-translational lysine-acetylation is one of two major modifications of lysine residues in various proteins – either N-terminal or N-alpha acetylation or N6 (sidechain) acetylation. Side-chain acetylation of specific lysine residues in the N-terminal domains of core histones is a biochemical marker of active genes. Acetylation is now known to play a major role in eukaryotic transcription. Specifically, acetyltransferase enzymes that act on particular lysine side chains of histones and other proteins are intimately involved in transcriptional activation. By modifying chromatin proteins and transcription-related factors, these acetylases are believed to regulate the transcription of many genes. The best-characterized mechanism is acetylation, catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes. HATs function enzymatically by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the amino group of certain lysine side chains within a histones basic N-terminal tail region. Within a histone octamer, these regions extend out from the associated globular domains, and in the context of a nucleosome, they are believed to bind the DNA through charge interactions (positively charged histone tails associated with negatively charged DNA) or mediate interactions between nucleosomes. Lysine acetylation, which neutralizes part of a tail regions positive charge, is postulated to weaken histone-DNA or nucleosome-nucleosome interactions and/or signal a conformational change, thereby destabilizing nucleosome structure or arrangement and giving other nuclear factors, such as the transcription complex, more access to a genetic locus. In agreement with this is the fact that acetylated chromatin has long been associated with states of transcriptional activation. Specific recognition of N6-acetyl-L-lysine is a conserved function of all bromodomains found in different proteins, recognized as an emerging intracellular signalling mechanism that plays critical roles in regulating gene transcription, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cytoskeletal organization (PMID: 9169194 , 10827952 , 17340003 , 16247734 , 9478947 , 10839822 ). N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from histones going through proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). Isolated from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) KEIO_ID A174 Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

Pipecolic acid

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans. Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients. (PMID 12705501) [HMDB]. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID P048 L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2]. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2].

Prostaglandin B1

C20H32O4 (336.23)

Prostaglandin B1 (PGB1) is a metabolite of PGE1. PGE1 is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). PGB1does not inhibit phospholipase activity, but oligomers of PGB1 (PGBx) extracted from human neutrophils inhibit human phospholipases A2 in vitro and in situ in a dose-dependent manner; these oligomers inhibit arachidonic acid mobilization in human neutrophils and endothelial cells. One mechanism for the pharmacological effects of PGBx may be inhibition of cell-associated and extracellular phospholipase A2. PGB1 has the ability to enhance peripheral vascular resistance and elevate blood pressure. The effect is not central in origin and apparently is not the result of changes in cholinergic or alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity or changes in vascular smooth muscle susceptibility per se. PGB1 blocks S-phase DNA synthesis; inhibition of DNA synthesis does not appear to require elevated levels of cAMP. (PMID: 7667505, 1477202, 2129000, 2597672, 6635328). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin B1 (PGB1) is a metabolite of PGE1. PGE1 is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2).

cathinone

C9H11NO (149.0841)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.

Aminophenazone

C13H17N3O (231.1372)

Aminophenazone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of agranulocytosis. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in liver function tests. [PubChem]Aminophenazone is metabolized very slowly by normal newborn babies. In older infants, a higher amount of exhaled 13-CO2 is observed. N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics > N02BB - Pyrazolones C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 702 KEIO_ID A069; [MS3] KO008857 KEIO_ID A069; [MS2] KO008856 KEIO_ID A069

Sotalol

C12H20N2O3S (272.1195)

Sotalol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias (PubChem). Sotalol has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class I) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class I) antiarrhythmic properties. Sotalol is a racemic mixture of d- and l-sotalol. Both isomers have similar Class I antiarrhythmic effects, while the l-isomer is responsible for virtually all of the beta-blocking activity. Sotalol inhibits response to adrenergic stimuli by competitively blocking β₁-adrenergic receptors within the myocardium and β₂-adrenergic receptors within bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. The electrophysiologic effects of sotalol may be due to its selective inhibition of the rapidly activating component of the potassium channel involved in the repolarization of cardiac cells. The class II electrophysiologic effects are caused by an increase in sinus cycle length (slowed heart rate), decreased AV nodal conduction, and increased AV nodal refractoriness, while the class III electrophysiological effects include prolongation of the atrial and ventricular monophasic action potentials, and effective refractory period prolongation of atrial muscle, ventricular muscle, and atrio-ventricular accessory pathways (where present) in both the anterograde and retrograde directions.

N-acetylneuraminate

C11H19NO9 (309.106)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A018; [MS2] KO008824 KEIO_ID A018 N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a sialic acid monosaccharide ubiquitous on cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids of mammalian cell ganglioglycerides, which plays a biological role in neurotransmission, leukocyte vasodilation, and viral or bacterial infection.

Anserine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

Anserine (beta-alanyl-N-3-methylhistidine) is a dipeptide containing beta-alanine and 3-methylhistidine. It is a derivative of carnosine, which had been methylated. The methyl group of anserine is added to carnosine by the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine: carnosine N-methyltransferase (PMID: 29484990). The enzyme is closely related to histamine N-methyltransferase and appears to be present in a majority of anserine-producing species (PMID: 23705015). Anserine is a generally a more metabolically stable derivative of carnosine. Anserine can be found in the skeletal muscle and brain of certain mammals (rabbits, cattle), migratory fish and birds. This dipeptide is normally absent from human tissues and body fluids, and its appearance there is usually an artifact of diet. Anserine can also arise from serum carnosinase deficiency. (OMIM 212200). Anserine was first discovered in goose muscle in 1929, and was named after this extraction (anser is Latin for goose). Anserine, which is water-soluble, is found at high levels in the muscles of different non-human vertebrates, with poultry, rabbit, tuna, plaice, and salmon having generally higher contents than other marine foods, beef, or pork (PMID: 31908682). An increase of urinary anserine excretion has been found in humans after the consumption of chicken, rabbit, and tuna and has been associated with intake of chicken, salmon, and, to a lesser extent, beef (PMID: 31908682). Anserine can undergo cleavage to give rise to 3-methylhistidine.(3-MH). The dipeptide balenine, common in some whales, cleaves to form 1-methylhistidine (1-MH) (PMID: 31908682). There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (N-pi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption of certain foods or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH or vice versa (PMID: 24137022). In particular balenine (a whale or snake-specific dipeptide with 1MH) was often confused with anserine (the poultry dipeptide with 3MH). An animal model study of Alzheimers disease using mice found that treatment with anserine reduced memory loss (PMID: 28974740). Anserine reduced glial inflammatory activity (particularly of astrocyte). The study also found that anserine-treated mice had greater pericyte surface area. The greater area of pericytes was commensurate with improved memory. The anserine-treated mice overall performed better on a spatial memory test (Morris Water Maze) (PMID: 28974740). A human study on 84 elderly subjects showed that subjects who took anserine and carnosine supplements for one year showed increased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex on MRI (PMID: 29896423). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant KEIO_ID A140; [MS2] KO008819 KEIO_ID A140; [MS3] KO008820 KEIO_ID A140 Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. Anserine is not cleaved by serum carnosinase and act as biochemical buffers, chelators, antioxidants, and anti-glycation agents. Anserine improves memory functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-model mice[1][2]. Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. Anserine is not cleaved by serum carnosinase and act as biochemical buffers, chelators, antioxidants, and anti-glycation agents. Anserine improves memory functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-model mice[1][2].

Threonic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID:21034532). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID:10420182). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID:20615997). L-threonic acid, also known as L-threonate or L-threonic acid magnesium salt, belongs to sugar acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. L-threonic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-threonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as buffalo currant, yam, purslane, and bayberry, which makes L-threonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. L-threonic acid can be found primarily in blood. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in treatment of androgenic alopecia .

Medroxyprogesterone

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

Medroxyprogesterone, or MP is a progestin (synthetic progestogen). MP is not used medically, as it is over two orders of magnitude less potent than medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); a derivative of MP (PMID: 16784762). MP may be formed via the metabolism of MPA. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is used to treat conditions such as absent or irregular menstrual periods, or abnormal uterine bleeding. Synthetic progestogens are widely used to simulate the effects of progesterone; a natural female sex hormone. Progesterone is essential for endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and the successful establishment of pregnancy. A low progesterone concentration or an insufficient response to progesterone can cause infertility and pregnancy loss (PMID: 20104424). In addition to progestagenic activity, MP is also a weak antiandrogen in vitro (PMID: 29990947). Medroxyprogesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken MPA. A synthetic progesterone (steroid hormone) involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. -- Wikipedia G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Sulfamethizole

C9H10N4O2S2 (270.0245)

Sulfamethizole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a sulfathiazole antibacterial agent. Sulfamethizole is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The normal para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) substrate is prevented from binding. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid. D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BA - Sulfonamides J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EB - Short-acting sulfonamides B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AB - Sulfonamides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013432 - Sulfathiazoles D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1017

Zoxazolamine

C7H5ClN2O (168.009)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Carteolol

C16H24N2O3 (292.1787)

Carteolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. [PubChem]The primary mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of carteolol in reducing intraocular pressure is most likely a decrease in aqueous humor production. This process is initiated by the non-selective beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor blockade. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Disopyramide

C21H29N3O (339.2311)

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties. [PubChem] C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

Testosterone cypionate

C27H40O3 (412.2977)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

Dichlorphenamide

C6H6Cl2N2O4S2 (303.9146)

Dichlorphenamide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure by partially suppressing the secretion of aqueous humor (inflow), although the mechanism by which they do this is not fully understood. Evidence suggests that HCO^3- ions are produced in the ciliary body by hydration of carbon dioxide under the influence of carbonic anhydrase and diffuse into the posterior chamber which contains more Na⁺ and HCO^3- ions than does plasma and consequently is hypertonic. Water is then attracted to the posterior chamber by osmosis, resulting in a drop in pressure. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Boscalid

C18H12Cl2N2O (342.0327)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9095; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9091 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4414 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4411; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4407 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9060; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9056 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9052; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9049 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4402; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4400 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4384 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9078; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9077 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9072; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9067 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1316; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4421; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4418 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4060 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2326 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8436

Nafcillin

C21H22N2O5S (414.1249)

Nafcillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. [PubChem]Penicillinase-resistant penicillins exert a bactericidal action against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the state of active multiplication. All penicillins inhibit the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CF - Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3206

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

C7H7Cl3NO3PS (320.895)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2951

Diethylstilbestrol

C18H20O2 (268.1463)

Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic estrogen that was developed to supplement a womans natural estrogen production. In 1971, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Bulletin advising physicians to stop prescribing DES to pregnant women because it was linked to a rare vaginal cancer in female offspring. Diethylstilbesterol is found in gram bean. Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Hexythiazox

C17H21ClN2O2S (352.1012)

Dimethoate

C5H12NO3PS2 (228.9996)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2761 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2761; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4003 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3009 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Phosalone

C12H15ClNO4PS2 (366.9869)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9787; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9783 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9765; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9762 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9728 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9703; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9702 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9750; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9781; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9778 Phosalone is an organophosphate chemical commonly used as an insecticide and acaricide. It is developed by Rhone-Poulenc in France but EU eliminated it from pesticide registration on December 2006. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Mepanipyrim

C14H13N3 (223.1109)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9352; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9351 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9350; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9348 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9334; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9332 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9294; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9293 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9316; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9313 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1114; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9337; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9336 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3062

Trihexyphenidyl

C20H31NO (301.2406)

Trihexyphenidyl is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the centrally acting muscarinic antagonists used for treatment of parkinsonian disorders and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic. [PubChem]Trihexyphenidyl is a selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It is able to discriminate between the M1 (cortical or neuronal) and the peripheral muscarinic subtypes (cardiac and glandular). Trihexyphenidyl partially blocks cholinergic activity in the CNS, which is responsible for the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. It is also thought to increase the availability of dopamine, a brain chemical that is critical in the initiation and smooth control of voluntary muscle movement. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

Fonofos

C10H15OPS2 (246.0302)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3112

N-Nitrosodibutylamine

C8H18N2O (158.1419)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3460 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

L-Prolinamide

C5H10N2O (114.0793)

Robinetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Robinetin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Robinetin is a natural product found in Acacia mearnsii, Intsia bijuga, and other organisms with data available. A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5]. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5].

Cyclosporine

C62H111N11O12 (1201.8413)

D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D003524 - Cyclosporins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC50 of 5 nM[3]. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion[8].

Daidzin

C21H20O9 (416.1107)

Daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a daidzein. Daidzin is a natural product found in Thermopsis lanceolata, Thermopsis macrophylla, and other organisms with data available. See also: Astragalus propinquus root (part of). Daidzin is found in miso. Daidzin is isolated from soya bean (Glycine max) and soya bean meal, kudzu root (Pueraria lobata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and other Leguminosae.Daidzin is a cancer preventive and an alcohol dependency treatment (antidipsotropic) in animal models. Daidzin is a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as isoflavones. Daidzin can be found in Japanese plant Kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Fabaceae) and from soybean leaves A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). Isolated from soya bean (Glycine max) and soya bean meal, kudzu root (Pueraria lobata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and other Leguminosae D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities. Daidzin is a potent and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial ALDH-2. Daidzin reduces ethanol consumption[1]. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities.

Agroclavine

C16H18N2 (238.147)

An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.

Ergocornin

C31H39N5O5 (561.2951)

Ergocornine is ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. It derives from a hydride of an ergotaman.Ergocornine has been reported in Festuca rubra and Claviceps purpurea Ergocornine is an alkaloid of the ergoline family. Like other ergoline alkaloids, it occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae (morning glory) family and in some species of lower fungi. Ergocornine is one of 3 similar peptides referred to as ergotoxine alkaloids, the other two being ergocryptine and ergocristine. Ergotoxines prepared into their hihydroergotoxine mesylates, commonly known as ergoloid mesylates, are used in the symptomatic therapy of age-related dementia. Long term exposure to some ergoline alkaloids can cause ergotism, a disease causing convulsive and gangrenous symptoms. (L1918, A2915) Ergocornin is a compound that belongs to the ergot alkaloid family, which are a group of compounds produced by certain fungi, particularly those of the genus Claviceps. Ergocornin itself is a derivative of the more well-known ergot alkaloid, ergotamine. The biological functions and effects of ergocornin can be complex and multifaceted, and they include the following: Vasoconstriction: Ergocornin has the ability to constrict blood vessels. This effect can be useful in the treatment of conditions such as migraines, where it helps to reduce the inflammation and vasodilation that can contribute to the pain associated with migraines. Central Nervous System Effects: Ergocornin can affect the central nervous system, potentially leading to alterations in perception, mood, and consciousness. Due to these effects, it has been studied for its potential use in psychiatric conditions, although its use in this context is not common. Inhibition of Serotonin Reuptake: Ergocornin can inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in mood regulation, among other functions. This can lead to increased serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects in certain conditions. 4.Abortifacient Properties: Some ergot alkaloids, including ergocornin, have historically been used as abortifacients to terminate pregnancies. However, due to the risks associated with these compounds, this use is highly regulated and not commonly employed in modern medicine. Antimicrobial Activity: Ergot alkaloids, including ergocornin, have been found to possess antimicrobial properties, which could potentially be harnessed for the development of new antimicrobial agents. It is important to note that while ergocornin and other ergot alkaloids have various biological functions and potential therapeutic uses, they also come with a range of side effects and risks. Ergot alkaloids can be toxic at high doses and may cause ergotism, a condition characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, gangrene, and other severe effects. Due to these risks, the use of ergocornin and related compounds is carefully controlled and typically requires medical supervision.

Boldione

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

Boldione is a direct precursor (prohormone) to the anabolic steroid boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-17beta-ol-3-one). It is advertised as a highly anabolic/androgenic compound promoting muscularity, enhancing strength and overall physical performance, and is available on the Internet and in health stores. Conflicting findings regarding the boldenone content of bovine faeces suggest it may be synthesized de novo in emitted faeces. Boldione is the oxidized form of boldenone, an this anabolic steroid is forbidden in EU countries in calves and bulls bred for meat production, and is illegally used as growth promoters, as they improve the growth and feed conversion in food producing animals. (PMID: 16449054, 16308875, 16244993) [HMDB] Boldione is a direct precursor (prohormone) to the anabolic steroid boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-17beta-ol-3-one). It is advertised as a highly anabolic/androgenic compound promoting muscularity, enhancing strength and overall physical performance, and is available on the Internet and in health stores. Conflicting findings regarding the boldenone content of bovine faeces suggest it may be synthesized de novo in emitted faeces. Boldione is the oxidized form of boldenone, an this anabolic steroid is forbidden in EU countries in calves and bulls bred for meat production, and is illegally used as growth promoters, as they improve the growth and feed conversion in food producing animals. (PMID: 16449054, 16308875, 16244993).

Diflunisal

C13H8F2O3 (250.0441)

Diflunisal, a salicylate derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) with pharmacologic actions similar to other prototypical NSAIAs. Diflunisal possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Though its mechanism of action has not been clearly established, most of its actions appear to be associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Diflunisal is used to relieve pain accompanied with inflammation and in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics > N02BA - Salicylic acid and derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID D058

Epibatidine

C11H13ClN2 (208.0767)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Medrysone

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

Medrysone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid used in ophthalmology. [Wikipedia]There is no generally accepted explanation for the mechanism of action of ocular corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Initially, the drug binds to the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytosol. This migrates to the nucleus and binds to genetic elements which cause activation and repression of the involved genes in the inflammatory pathway. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid Same as: D02289

Metaraminol

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

Metaraminol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an adrenergic agonist that acts predominantly at alpha adrenergic receptors and also stimulates the release of norepinephrine. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of hypotension. [PubChem]Metaraminol acts through peripheral vasoconstriction by acting as a pure alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, consequently increasing systemic blood pressure (both systolic & diastolic). Its effect is thought to be associated with the inhibition of adenyl cyclase which leads to an inhibition of the production of cAMP. Another effect of Metaraminol is that it releases norepinephrine from its storage sites indirectly. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents

Isotenulin

C17H22O5 (306.1467)

7-Hydroxyflavone

C15H10O3 (238.063)

[Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_pos_10eV_CB000023.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_pos_30eV_CB000023.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_pos_50eV_CB000023.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_pos_20eV_CB000023.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_pos_40eV_CB000023.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_neg_20eV_000015.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_neg_10eV_000015.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_neg_40eV_000015.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_neg_30eV_000015.txt [Raw Data] CB049_7-Hydroxyflavone_neg_50eV_000015.txt 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2]. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2]. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2].

Matairesinol

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

Matairesinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 3,4-dibenzyloxolan-2-one moiety. Matairesinol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, matairesinol is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods such as sesame, burdocks, and flaxseeds, and in a lower concentration in oats, asparagus, and poppies. Matairesinol has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as silver lindens, tamarinds, cherry tomato, skunk currants, and fireweeds. This could make matairesinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Matairesinol is composed of gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). (-)-matairesinol is a lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). It has a role as a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor and an anti-asthmatic agent. It is a polyphenol, a lignan and a gamma-lactone. Matairesinol is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa fruit (part of); Pumpkin Seed (part of). Matairesinol is a plant lignan. It occurs with secoisolariciresinol in numerous foods such as oil seeds, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. (-)-Matairesinol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, pecan nut, cereals and cereal products, and longan. A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1]. Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1].

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

ORYZALIN

C12H18N4O6S (346.0947)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2333 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8465

Rhein

C15H8O6 (284.0321)

Rhein appears as yellow needles (from methanol) or yellow-brown powder. (NTP, 1992) Rhein is a dihydroxyanthraquinone. Rhein is an anthraquinone metabolite of rheinanthrone and senna glycoside is present in many medicinal plants including Rheum palmatum, Cassia tora, Polygonum multiflorum, and Aloe barbadensis. It is known to have hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and several other protective effects. Rhein is a natural product found in Cassia renigera, Rheum compactum, and other organisms with data available. Present in Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb). Rhein is found in dock, green vegetables, and garden rhubarb. Rhein is found in dock. Rhein is present in Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID R037

9-Oxo-ODE

C18H30O3 (294.2195)

9-OxoODE results from oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl of either 9(S)- or 9(R)-HODE. Rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes contain both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, representing about 2\\% of the total linoleate residues in the membranes. Most of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids. [HMDB] 9-OxoODE results from oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl of either 9(S)- or 9(R)-HODE. Rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes contain both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, representing about 2\\% of the total linoleate residues in the membranes. Most of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids.

Nalbuphine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

Nalbuphine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but is believed to interact with an opiate receptor site in the CNS (probably in or associated with the limbic system). The opiate antagonistic effect may result from competitive inhibition at the opiate receptor, but may also be a result of other mechanisms. Nalbuphine is thought primarily to be a kappa agonist. It is also a partial mu antagonist analgesic, with some binding to the delta receptor and minimal agonist activity at the sigma receptor. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Isobutyric acid

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

Isobutyric acid is a carboxylic or short chain fatty acid with characteristic sweat-like smell. Small amount of isobutyrate is generated via microbial (gut) metabolism. Small amounts may also be found in certain foods or fermented beverages. There is anosmia (genetic inability to smell) for the odor of isobutyric acid with a frequency of about 2.5\\%. (OMIM 207000). Isobutyric acid is slightly soluble in water but much more soluble in ethanol, ether and organic solvents. Isobutyric acid can affect people if breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes. Breathing Isobutyric acid can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Present in apple, morello cherry, guava fruit, wine grapes, pineapple, crispbread, other breads, cheeses, wines, scallop and several essential oils, e.g. Roman chamomile. Acid and simple esters used as flavouring agents KEIO_ID I012

Maltol

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

Maltol, also known as E636 or fema 2656, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Some synthetic derivatives of maltol, developed at the University of Urbino, showed limited in vitro antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells lines, perhaps inducing apoptosis in these cells. Maltol is a sweet, baked, and bread tasting compound. Maltol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as milk and milk products, nuts, soy beans, pepper (c. annuum), and coffee and coffee products. Maltols sweetness adds to the odor of freshly baked bread, and is used as a flavor enhancer (INS Number 636) in breads and cakes. Related to this property, maltol has been reported to greatly increase aluminum uptake in the body and to increase the oral bioavailability of gallium and iron. Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is used primarily as a flavor enhancer. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in hot water, chloroform, and other polar solvents. Maltol is registered as a flavor component in the EU. Maltol, like related 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones such as kojic acid, binds to hard metal centers such as Fe3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and VO2+. It is known in the European E number food additive series as E636. Because it has the odor of cotton candy and caramel, maltol is used to impart a sweet aroma to fragrances. Maltol is a white crystalline powder with a fragrant caramel-butterscotch odor. pH (5\\\\% aqueous solution) 5.3. (NTP, 1992) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone is a member of 4-pyranones. It has a role as a metabolite. Maltol is a natural product found in Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Found in chicory, roasted malt, breads, milk, heated butter, uncured smoked pork, cocoa, coffee, roasted barley, roasted peanuts, roasted filbert, soybean etc. Flavour enhancer and flavouring agent C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food[1]. Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food[1].

4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine

C6H7ClN2 (142.0298)

2-Aminobenzimidazole

C7H7N3 (133.064)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2161; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2159 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2161 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4547; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4545 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4569; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4568 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4534; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4533 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2155; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2153 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4517; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4515 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4543 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4549; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4547 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1067; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2165; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2163 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 138 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2003 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4008 KEIO_ID A042

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

L-Threo-3-Phenylserine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

Incorporated into the benzoyl moiety of urinary hippuric acid [HMDB] Incorporated into the benzoyl moiety of urinary hippuric acid.

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed from the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically, it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. The enzyme (glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a polypeptide species distinct from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia (PMID: 2791363, 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430). Phenylacetylglutamine is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (PMID: 26241311). Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals including the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl CoA and glutamine react to form phenylacetyl glutamine and Coenzyme A. The enzyme (Glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a distinct polypeptide species from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. (PMID: 2791363; PMID: 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430) Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

N-NITROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE

C3H8N2O (88.0637)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3449

4-Chloroaniline

C6H6ClN (127.0189)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3539; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3535 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3530; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3527 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3546; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3542 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3541 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4138 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8258 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8115

Clobenpropit

C14H17ClN4S (308.0862)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists

Cortexolone

C21H30O4 (346.2144)

Cortexolone, also known as cortodoxone or 11-deoxycortisol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, cortexolone is considered to be a steroid molecule. Cortexolone is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of cortisol. It was first described by Tadeusz Reichstein in 1938 and named as Substance S. It has also been referred to as Reichsteins Substance S or Compound S. Cortexolone acts as a glucocorticoid, though it is less potent than cortisol. Cortexolone is synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by 21-hydroxylase and is converted to cortisol by 11β-hydroxylase. As a result, the level of cortexolone is often measured in patients to diagnose impaired cortisol synthesis, to identify any enzyme deficiency that may be causing impairment along the pathway to cortisol, and to differentiate adrenal disorders. Cortexolone in mammals has limited biological activity and mainly acts as metabolic intermediate within the glucocorticoid pathway, leading to cortisol. On the other hand, in sea lampreys, cortexolone is the major glucocorticoid, with mineralocorticoid activity. Cortexolone in sea lampreys binds to specific corticosteroid receptors and is involved in intestinal osmoregulation and in sea lamprey at metamorphosis, a process in which they develop seawater tolerance before downstream migration. Cortexolone is the precursor of cortisol. Accumulation of Cortexolone can happen in a defect known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, resulting in androgen excess, virilization, and hypertension. (PMID: 2022736) C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Cortodoxone is a glucocorticoid that can be oxidized to cortisone (Hydrocortisone).

Lumazine

C6H4N4O2 (164.0334)

Lumazine, also known as pteridine-2,4-dione or 2,4(3h,8h)-pteridinedione, belongs to pteridines and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pteridine moiety, which consists of a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine ring to form pyrimido(4,5-b)pyrazine. Lumazine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lumazine can be found in soy bean, which makes lumazine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. KEIO_ID L024 Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is an endogenous metabolite.

N-Methylalanine

C4H9NO2 (103.0633)

N-Methylalanine, also known as (S)-2-methylaminopropanoate or N-methyl-L-alanine, is classified as an alanine or an alanine derivative. Alanines are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. N-Methylalanine is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic. (ChemoSummarizer) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M028

Glucobrassicin

C16H20N2O9S2 (448.061)

Constituent of Brassica and Raphanus subspecies, e.g. rape (Brassica napus variety napus) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea variety gemmifera). Glucobrassicin is found in many foods, some of which are capers, swede, white cabbage, and common cabbage. Glucobrassicin is found in brassicas. Glucobrassicin is a constituent of Brassica and Raphanus species, e.g. rape (Brassica napus var. napus) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)

(S)-2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an azetidinecarboxylic acid that is azetidine substituted by a carboxy group at position 2. It is a plant non-protein amino acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a teratogenic agent. It is an azetidinecarboxylic acid and an amino acid. A proline analog that acts as a stoichiometric replacement of proline. It causes the production of abnormal proteins with impaired biological activity. (S)-2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid is found in common beet. (S)-2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid is present in roots and leaves of Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley). Convallaria majalis is banned by the FDA from food use in the US Present in roots and leaves of Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley). Convallaria majalis is banned by the FDA from food use in the USA. (S)-2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid is found in red beetroot and common beet. An azetidinecarboxylic acid that is azetidine substituted by a carboxy group at position 2. It is a plant non-protein amino acid. KEIO_ID A219 Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a non proteinogenic amino acid homologue of proline. Found in common beets. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid can be misincorporated into proteins in place of proline in many species, including humans. Toxic and teratogenic agent[1][2]. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a non proteinogenic amino acid homologue of proline. Found in common beets. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid can be misincorporated into proteins in place of proline in many species, including humans. Toxic and teratogenic agent[1][2]. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid

C3H7O7P (185.9929)

2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PG), or 2-phosphoglycerate, is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.; 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA) is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. Enolase catalyzes the beta-elimination reaction in a stepwise manner wherein OH- is eliminated from C3 of a discrete carbanion (enolate) intermediate. This intermediate is created by removal of the proton from C2 of 2PGA by a base in the active site. (PMID: 8994873, Wikipedia). 2-Phosphoglycerate is found in rice. 2-Phospho-D-glycerate or 2PG is an intermediate in gluconeogenesis. It is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. 2PG is converted by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. More specifically, 2PG can be generated from Glycerate-3-phosphate via phosphoglycerate mutase or from phosphoenolpyrvate via alpha enolase. KEIO_ID P029

Sisomicin

C19H37N5O7 (447.2693)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D005839 - Gentamicins C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID S047; [MS3] KO009246 KEIO_ID S047; [MS2] KO009245 KEIO_ID S047

Apramycin

C21H41N5O11 (539.2802)

An aminoglycoside that is 2-deoxystreptamine that is substituted on the oxygen at position 4 by an (8R)-2-amino-8-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,7-trideoxy-7-(methylamino)-D-glycero-alpha-D-allo-octodialdo-1,5:8,4-dipyranos-1-yl) group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID A100

Beta-Leucine

C6H13NO2 (131.0946)

Beta-leucine is a metabolite that is in the middle of a controversy over its presence in the human body. While there are reports that claim it as a human metabolite, there are others that deny its existence. Two examples:. Circulating levels of beta-leucine are elevated in the cobalamin-deficient state of pernicious anemia. Levels of leucine, on the other hand, are much lower. It is proposed that leucine 2,3-aminomutase, the cobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of leucine and beta-leucine, is the affected enzyme in pernicious anemia and causes these results by preventing the synthesis of leucine from beta-leucine. The synthesis of leucine by human leukocytes and hair roots and by rat liver extracts has been shown to occur when either branched chain fatty acids or valine metabolites are the substances. The synthesis is dependent upon adenosylcobalamin and is inhibited by intrinsic factor (PMID:7430116). Using forms of beta-leucine and leucine that contain several deuterium atoms in place of several hydrogen atoms as internal standards, techniques have been developed which make it possible to detect and quantitate as little as 0.1 mumol/liter of beta-leucine or leucine in human serum and in incubations containing rat liver supernatant. beta-Leucine was not detectable, i.e. less than 0.1 mumol/liter, in any sera from 50 normal human subjects or in any sera from 50 cobalamin-deficient patients. Experiments in which beta-leucine, leucine, isostearic acid, or isocaproic acid were incubated with rat liver supernatant in the presence or absence of adenosylcobalamin or cobalamin-binding protein failed to demonstrate the formation of leucine or beta-leucine or their interconversion under any of the conditions studied. We conclude that beta-leucine is not present in human blood and that the existence of leucine 2,3-aminomutase in mammalian tissues remains to be established (PMID 3356699). Beta-leucine is found to be associated with cobalamin deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Beta-leucine is a metabolite that is in the middle of a controversy over its presence in the human body. While there are reports that claim it as a human metabolite, there are others that deny its existence. Two examples: Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID L057 3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.

Picolinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

KEIO_ID P099

Semicarbazide

CH5N3O (75.0433)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens KEIO_ID S034

1-Palmitoylglycerophosphocholine

[C24H51NO7P]+ (496.3403)

Kaempferide

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Kaempferide is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferide(1-). Kaempferide is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from roots of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal). Kaempferide is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cloves, sour cherry, and european plum. Kaempferide is found in cloves. Kaempferide is isolated from roots of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal). A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.

Peonidin-3-glucoside

[C22H23O11]+ (463.124)

Peonidin-3-glucoside has been proposed by Wu et al. [PMID: 12097661] to be a secondary metabolite of cyanidin-3-glucoside which may be methylated by liver enzymes during phase II metabolism. Peonidin 3-glucoside is isolated from grapes and many other plant spp. It is found in red wine, common wheat, and lowbush blueberry. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Gluconasturtiin

C15H21NO9S2 (423.0658)

Isolated from Nasturtium officinale (water cress), Barbarea vulgaris (winter cress) and other crucifers. Gluconasturtiin is found in many foods, some of which are radish, broccoli, watercress, and brassicas. Gluconasturtiin is found in brassicas. Gluconasturtiin is isolated from Nasturtium officinale (water cress), Barbarea vulgaris (winter cress) and other crucifers. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

2-Naphthoic acid

C11H8O2 (172.0524)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48

Cheilanthifoline

C19H19NO4 (325.1314)

Cheilanthifoline is a natural product found in Fumaria densiflora, Fumaria judaica, and other organisms with data available.

(S)-scoulerine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

(s)-scoulerine, also known as discretamine or aequaline, belongs to protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are alkaloids with a structure based on a protoberberine moiety, which consists of a 5,6-dihydrodibenzene moiety fused to a quinolizinium and forming 5,6-Dihydrodibenzo(a,g)quinolizinium skeleton (s)-scoulerine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-scoulerine can be found in a number of food items such as rice, lemon grass, chinese bayberry, and sea-buckthornberry, which makes (s)-scoulerine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Cupressuflavone

C30H18O10 (538.09)

Cupressuflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger and a metabolite. It is a biflavonoid, a hydroxyflavone and a ring assembly. Cupressuflavone is a natural product found in Fitzroya cupressoides, Juniperus drupacea, and other organisms with data available. A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.

Chebulagic acid

C41H30O27 (954.0974)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23094-71-5 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 23094-71-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Chebulinic acid

C41H32O27 (956.1131)

Chebulinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18942-26-2 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 18942-26-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Sulochrin

C17H16O7 (332.0896)

A benzophenone that is the methyl ester of 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid.

Geniposidic acid

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Geniposidic acid is found in beverages. Geniposidic acid is a constituent of Genipa americana (genipap) Constituent of Genipa americana (genipap). Geniposidic acid is found in beverages and fruits. Geniposidic acid has radiation protection and anti-cancer activity. Geniposidic acid has radiation protection and anti-cancer activity.

Pinostrobin

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. Pinostrobin is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae, Zuccagnia punctata, and other organisms with data available.

Pinoquercetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

NIFURTIMOX

C10H13N3O5S (287.0576)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis > P01CC - Nitrofuran derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent

toxin HT 2

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

HT-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a trichothecene, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an acetate ester. HT-2 Toxin is a natural product found in Fusarium heterosporum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and other organisms with data available. A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

FT-0775149

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

Wighteone

C20H18O5 (338.1154)

A natural product found in Ficus mucuso. Wighteone is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4 and a prenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Ficus mucuso. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Wighteone is a natural product found in Genista ephedroides, Erythrina suberosa, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4 and a prenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Ficus mucuso. Wighteone is a compound isolated from the aerial parts of Genista ephedroides[1]. Wighteone is a compound isolated from the aerial parts of Genista ephedroides[1].

Batyl alcohol

C21H44O3 (344.329)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C797 - Radioprotective Agent 3-(Octadecyloxy)propane-1,2-diol is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Ribose

C5H10O5 (150.0528)

D-Ribose, commonly referred to as simply ribose, is a five-carbon sugar found in all living cells. Ribose is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized by almost every tissue in the body from other substances, such as glucose. It is vital for life as a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, and AMP. In nature, small amounts of ribose can be found in ripe fruits and vegetables. Brewers yeast, which has a high concentration of RNA, is another rich source of ribose. D-ribose is also a component of many so-called energy drinks and anti-ageing products available on the market today. Ribose is a structural component of ATP, which is the primary energy source for exercising muscle. The adenosine component is an adenine base attached to the five-carbon sugar ribose. ATP provides energy to working muscles by releasing a phosphate group, hence becoming ADP, which in turn may release a phosphate group, then becoming AMP. During intense muscular activity, the total amount of ATP available is quickly depleted. In an effort to correct this imbalance, AMP is broken down in the muscle and secreted from the cell. Once the breakdown products of AMP are released from the cell, the energy potential (TAN pool) of the muscle is reduced and ATP must then be reformed using ribose. Ribose helps restore the level of adenine nucleotides by bypassing the rate-limiting step in the de novo (oxidative pentose phosphate) pathway, which regenerates phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), the essential precursor for ATP. If ribose is not readily available to a cell, glucose may be converted to ribose. Ribose supplementation has been shown to increase the rate of ATP resynthesis following intense exercise. The use of ribose in men with severe coronary artery disease resulted in improved exercise tolerance. Hence, there is interest in the potential of ribose supplements to boost muscular performance in athletic activities (PMID: 17618002, Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.). Ribose, also known as D-ribose or alpha-delta-ribose-5, is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Ribose is very soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ribose can be found in a number of food items such as lemon verbena, devilfish, watercress, and chicory roots, which makes ribose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ribose can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Ribose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ribose is involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, and transaldolase deficiency. Moreover, ribose is found to be associated with ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency. The ribose β-D-ribofuranose forms part of the backbone of RNA. It is related to deoxyribose, which is found in DNA. Phosphorylated derivatives of ribose such as ATP and NADH play central roles in metabolism. cAMP and cGMP, formed from ATP and GTP, serve as secondary messengers in some signalling pathways . D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1]. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1]. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1].

malvidin

[C17H15O7]+ (331.0818)

Isosilybin

C25H22O10 (482.1213)

Constituent of Silybum marianum (milk thistle). Isosilybin is found in coffee and coffee products and green vegetables. Isosilybin is found in coffee and coffee products. Isosilybin is a constituent of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Isosilybin is a natural product found in Silybum with data available. [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA83_Isosilybin-B_neg_40eV.txt Isosilybin (Isosilybinin) is a flavonoid from Silybum marianum; inhibits CYP3A4 induction with an IC50 of 74 μM. Isosilybin (Isosilybinin) is a flavonoid from Silybum marianum; inhibits CYP3A4 induction with an IC50 of 74 μM.

xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol

C8H18O (130.1358)

Xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol, also known as 2-ethylhexyl alcohol or octyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. Xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol can be found in a number of food items such as tea, cereals and cereal products, fats and oils, and alcoholic beverages, which makes xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Xi-2-ethyl-1-hexanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, also known as 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is practically insoluble in water. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol can be found in a number of food items such as tea, cereals and cereal products, fats and oils, and alcoholic beverages. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans and in mammals it can be found primarily in feces and saliva.

2-Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

2-Heptanone, also known as butylacetone or heptan-2-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-heptanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-Heptanone is a ketone with the molecular formula C7H14O. 2-Heptanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Heptanone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Heptanone is a sweet, cinnamon, and coconut tasting compound. 2-Heptanone is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corns, cow milk, and peppermints. 2-Heptanone has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as tarragons, blackberries, tortilla chips, ceylon cinnamons, and evergreen blackberries. 2-Heptanone is one of the metabolites of n-heptane found in the urine of employees exposed to heptane in shoe and tire factories. 2-Heptanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, crohns disease, and hepatic encephalopathy; 2-heptanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. It is a colorless to white liquid with a banana-like, fruity odor. Present in apple, morello cherry, feijoa fruit, grapes, quince, clove bud, cheeses, wines, black tea, raw shrimp, Ceylon cinnamon, rancid coconut oil and other foodstuffsand is also a minor constituent of plant oils. Flavour ingredient

Epicubenol

C15H26O (222.1984)

1alpha-4-Cadinen-1-ol is found in cloves. 1alpha-4-Cadinen-1-ol is a constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba). Constituent of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba) oil. Epicubenol is found in herbs and spices.

Linalool (8-hydroxydihydro-)

C32H42O14 (650.2574)

Tetrahydrofolic acid

C19H23N7O6 (445.171)

Tetrahydrofolate is a soluble coenzyme (vitamin B9) that is synthesized de novo by plants and microorganisms, and absorbed from the diet by animals. It is composed of three distinct parts: a pterin ring, a p-ABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) and a polyglutamate chain with a number of residues varying between 1 and 8. Only the tetra-reduced form of the molecule serves as a coenzyme for C1 transfer reactions. In biological systems, the C1-units exist under various oxidation states and the different tetrahydrofolate derivatives constitute a family of related molecules named indistinctly under the generic term folate. (PMID 16042593). Folate is important for cells and tissues that rapidly divide. Cancer cells divide rapidly, and drugs that interfere with folate metabolism are used to treat cancer. Methotrexate is a drug often used to treat cancer because it inhibits the production of the active form, tetrahydrofolate. Unfortunately, methotrexate can be toxic, producing side effects such as inflammation in the digestive tract that make it difficult to eat normally. -- Wikipedia; Signs of folic acid deficiency are often subtle. Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss can occur. Additional signs are weakness, sore tongue, headaches, heart palpitations, irritability, and behavioral disorders. Women with folate deficiency who become pregnant are more likely to give birth to low birth weight and premature infants, and infants with neural tube defects. In adults, anemia is a sign of advanced folate deficiency. In infants and children, folate deficiency can slow growth rate. Some of these symptoms can also result from a variety of medical conditions other than folate deficiency. It is important to have a physician evaluate these symptoms so that appropriate medical care can be given. -- Wikipedia; Folinic acid is a form of folate that can help rescue or reverse the toxic effects of methotrexate. Folinic acid is not the same as folic acid. Folic acid supplements have little established role in cancer chemotherapy. There have been cases of severe adverse effects of accidental substitution of folic acid for folinic acid in patients receiving methotrexate cancer chemotherapy. It is important for anyone receiving methotrexate to follow medical advice on the use of folic or folinic acid supplements. -- Wikipedia. Low concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6 may increase the level of homocysteine, an amino acid normally found in blood. There is evidence that an elevated homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The evidence suggests that high levels of homocysteine may damage coronary arteries or make it easier for blood clotting cells called platelets to clump together and form a clot. However, there is currently no evidence available to suggest that lowering homocysteine with vitamins will reduce your risk of heart disease. Clinical intervention trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B12 or vitamin B6 can lower your risk of developing coronary heart disease. -- Wikipedia. Tetrahydrofolate is a soluble coenzyme (vitamin B9) that is synthesized de novo by plants and microorganisms, and absorbed from the diet by animals. It is composed of three distinct parts: a pterin ring, a p-ABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) and a polyglutamate chain with a number of residues varying between 1 and 8. Only the tetra-reduced form of the molecule serves as a coenzyme for C1 transfer reactions. In biological systems, the C1-units exist under various oxidation states and the different tetrahydrofolate derivatives constitute a family of related molecules named indistinctly under the generic term folate. (PMID 16042593)

Lactaldehyde

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

L-lactaldehyde is an intermediate metabolite in the pyruvate metabolism pathway. L-lactaldehyde is irreversibly produced from pyruvaldehyde via the enzyme aldehyde reductase (EC:1.1.1.21) which is then irreversibly converted to propylene glycol via aldehyde reductase (EC:1.1.1.21). [HMDB] L-lactaldehyde is an intermediate metabolite in the pyruvate metabolism pathway. L-lactaldehyde is irreversibly produced from pyruvaldehyde via the enzyme aldehyde reductase (EC:1.1.1.21) which is then irreversibly converted to propylene glycol via aldehyde reductase (EC:1.1.1.21).

UDP-N-acetylmuraminate

C20H31N3O19P2 (679.1027)

UDP-N-acetylmuraminate is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed. UDP-N-acetylmuraminate, also known as UDP-MurNAc, is a key molecule in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. It is a nucleotide sugar, which means it consists of a nucleotide (uridine diphosphate, UDP) linked to a sugar molecule (N-acetylmuramic acid, MurNAc). This compound plays a critical role in the formation of peptidoglycan, the essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Here are some key points about UDP-N-acetylmuraminate: Biosynthesis: UDP-MurNAc is synthesized from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) through a series of enzymatic reactions. The addition of a lactyl group to UDP-GlcNAc forms UDP-MurNAc. Peptidoglycan Precursor: It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which is a polymer made up of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). The peptide chains attached to MurNAc units cross-link to provide structural strength to the cell wall. Enzymatic Processing: UDP-MurNAc is further processed by enzymes such as Mur synthases, which add amino acids to form the pentapeptide chain attached to the MurNAc residue. This pentapeptide is crucial for the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers. Target for Antibiotics: Since peptidoglycan synthesis is unique to bacteria, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of UDP-MurNAc are targets for antibiotics. Inhibiting these enzymes can prevent proper cell wall formation, leading to bacterial cell death. Importance in Bacterial Growth: The availability of UDP-MurNAc is essential for bacterial growth and cell division, as it is a direct precursor to the building blocks of the cell wall. Research and Applications: Understanding the biosynthesis and function of UDP-MurNAc is important for developing new antibiotics, as well as for basic research in bacterial cell biology. UDP-N-acetylmuraminate is a vital molecule in the construction of the bacterial cell wall, and its biosynthesis and function are of significant interest in both basic research and the development of antibacterial therapies. A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed [HMDB]

Hydrogen selenide

H2Se (81.9322)

Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926) [HMDB] Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926).

Triacetic acid

C6H8O4 (144.0423)

Ethanethioic acid

C2H4OS (75.9983)

Ethanethioic acid is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

6-Methylsalicylic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates

Propanoyl phosphate

C3H7O5P (154.0031)

The phosphate ester of propanoic acid.

5a-Androstan-3b-ol

C19H32O (276.2453)

5a-Androstan-3b-ol is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol as a pheromone is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088) [HMDB] 5a-Androstan-3b-ol is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol as a pheromone is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088).

L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate

C4H8NO7P (213.0038)

L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aspartic acid and derivatives. Aspartic acid and derivatives are compounds containing an aspartic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from a reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate is involved in both the lysine biosynthesis I and homoserine biosynthesis pathways. L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate is produced from a reaction between L-aspartate and ATP, with ADP as a byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by aspartate kinase. L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate reacts with NADPH to produce phosphate, L-aspartate-semialdehyde, and NADP+. Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes this reaction. L-Aspartyl-4-phosphate is involved in both the lysine biosynthesis I and homoserine biosynthesis pathways. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids

Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid

C3H5O7P (183.9773)

Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is a prduct of both enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.95] and phosphoserine transaminase [EC 2.6.1.52] in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway (KEGG). This compound belongs to the family of Organophosphate Esters. These are organic compounds containing phosphoric acid ester functional group. Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is a prduct of both enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.95] and phosphoserine transaminase [EC 2.6.1.52] in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway (KEGG). [HMDB]

Ethyl acetoacetate

C6H10O3 (130.063)

Ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is found in coffee and coffee products as well as in strawberry and yellow passion fruit juice. Ethyl acetoacetate is a flavouring agent. The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds, such as amino acids, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarial agents, antipyrine, aminopyrine, and vitamin B1, as well as in the manufacture of dyes, inks, lacquers, perfumes, plastics, and yellow paint pigments (Wikipedia). The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds, such as amino acids, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarial agents, antipyrine and aminopyrine, and vitamin B1; as well as the manufacture of dyes, inks, lacquers, perfumes, plastics, and yellow paint pigments. Alone, it is used as a flavoring for food.

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid is a terminal product of D-proline metabolism. Specifically D-proline is converted to 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid via D-amino acid oxidase. This spontaneously breaks down to 2-oxo-5-amino-valerate. [HMDB] 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid is a terminal product of D-proline metabolism. Specifically D-proline is converted to 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid via D-amino acid oxidase. This spontaneously breaks down to 2-oxo-5-amino-valerate.

N-Hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene

C15H13NO2 (239.0946)

D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate

C6H14O12P2 (339.9961)

D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate can be biosynthesized from inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66). 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.66]. [HMDB]

1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose

C27H24O18 (636.0963)

Isolated from Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus idaeus (raspberry). 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, pomegranate, garden rhubarb, and red raspberry. 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in fruits. 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is isolated from Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus idaeus (raspberry).

NSC100044

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

7-Dehydrodesmosterol

C27H42O (382.3235)

7-dehydrodesmosterol, also known as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol or 24-dehydroprovitamin d3, belongs to cholesterols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 7-dehydrodesmosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 7-dehydrodesmosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7-dehydrodesmosterol can be found in a number of food items such as nectarine, orange bell pepper, cinnamon, and carrot, which makes 7-dehydrodesmosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. In humans, 7-dehydrodesmosterol is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include atorvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, pamidronate action pathway, and steroid biosynthesis. 7-dehydrodesmosterol is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include mevalonic aciduria, wolman disease, chondrodysplasia punctata II, X linked dominant (CDPX2), and hyper-igd syndrome. 7-Dehydrodesmosterol is a sterol intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids. 7-Dehydrodesmosterol is a substrate of the enzyme 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (EC:1.3.1.72), an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of Cholesterol. Cholesterol is synthesized from either Lathosterol, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Desmosterol or Cholestenol by the enzyme 3beta-hydroxysterol delta7 reductase (EC 1.3.1.21, Dhcr7). The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS, OMIM 270400) is caused by a genetic defect in cholesterol biosynthesis; mutations in the enzyme 3beta-hydroxysterol delta7 reductase lead to a failure of cholesterol synthesis, with an accumulation of precursor sterols, such as 7-Dehydrodesmosterol. SLOS results in craniofacial, limb as well as major organ defects, including the brain. In individuals with this syndrome, mental retardation, as well as other CNS dysfunction, is almost 100\\% prevalent. (PMID: 15862627, 17197219).

stylopine

C19H17NO4 (323.1158)

1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C16H17N (223.1361)

1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) as a possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin and evaluated its characteristics relevant to Parkinson disease (PD). 1BnTIQ exist in mammals and is proposed as possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin. PD is believed to be induced by the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, and a type of neurotoxin is proposed to be one of the environmental factors. 1BnTIQ inhibits [3H] dopamine uptake in HEK293 cells which stably express dopamine transporter. 1BnTIQ also inhibits NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 1BnTIQ decreases the dopamine content in the mesencephalon in both dose- and time-dependent manners and it irreversibly reduced the dopamine content. Furthermore, it causes morphological changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the mesencephalon and reduced the number of cells. (PMID 12440154) [HMDB] 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) as a possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin and evaluated its characteristics relevant to Parkinson disease (PD). 1BnTIQ exist in mammals and is proposed as possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin. PD is believed to be induced by the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, and a type of neurotoxin is proposed to be one of the environmental factors. 1BnTIQ inhibits [3H] dopamine uptake in HEK293 cells which stably express dopamine transporter. 1BnTIQ also inhibits NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 1BnTIQ decreases the dopamine content in the mesencephalon in both dose- and time-dependent manners and it irreversibly reduced the dopamine content. Furthermore, it causes morphological changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the mesencephalon and reduced the number of cells. (PMID 12440154). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists

20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol participates in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is produced by the reaction between cholesterol and the enzyme, cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) [EC:1.14.15.6]. [HMDB] 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol participates in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is produced by the reaction between cholesterol and the enzyme, cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) [EC:1.14.15.6]. 20(S)-hydroxyCholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo) that activates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with an EC50 of 3 μM in a gene transcription reporter assay using NIH3T3 cells[1][2].

Indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Indoxyl, also known as 1H-indol-3-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyindoles. These are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. Indoxyl is isomeric with oxindol and is obtained as an oily liquid. Indoxyl exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Indoxyl is obtained from indican, which is a glycoside. Obermayers reagent is a dilute solution FeCl3 in hydrochloric acid. The hydrolysis of indican yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent such as atmospheric oxygen. In chemistry, indoxyl is a nitrogenous substance with the chemical formula: C8H7NO. Indoxyl can be found in urine and is titrated with Obermayers reagent. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent, eg. atmospheric oxygen.

Biotinyl-5'-AMP

C20H28N7O9PS (573.1407)

5-biotinyl-AMP (B-AMP) is the active form of biotin in mammals. In human cells, biotin is essential to maintain metabolic homeostasis and as regulator of gene expression. The vitamin biotin plays an essential role in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism because of its role as cofactor of five carboxylases; pyruvate carboxylase (PC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and two forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC-1 and ACC-2). Carboxylase biotinylation is catalyzed by the enzyme holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) through a reaction that involves the transformation of biotin into B-AMP and its subsequent attachment to a specific lysine residue in the carboxylases. B-AMP is also required to activate a signal transduction cascade that includes a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). The regulatory role of biotin in the biotin cycle seems to be limited to the expression of proteins involved in the transport and utilization of exogenous vitamin while having no effect on biotinidase mRNA levels, enzyme responsible for biotin recycling during carboxylase turnover. Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is a life-threatening disease characterized by the lack of carboxylase activities because of deficiency of HCS activity. (PMID: 15905112, 11959985). 5-biotinyl-AMP (B-AMP) is the active form of biotin in mammals. In human cells, biotin is essential to maintain metabolic homeostasis and as regulator of gene expression. The vitamin biotin plays an essential role in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism because of its role as cofactor of five carboxylases; pyruvate carboxylase (PC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and two forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC-1 and ACC-2).

(+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in many foods, some of which are common pea, asparagus, sweet potato, and dill. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in allspice. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag

Prostaglandin D1

C20H34O5 (354.2406)

Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)

Prostaglandin E3

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

Prostaglandin E3 is from the cyclooxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin E3 is from the cyclooxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.

P-Dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB, para-dichlorobenzene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two chlorine atoms substituted for hydrogen at opposing sites on a benzene ring. p-DCB is used a pesticide and a deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene. p-DCB is also used as a precursor in the production of the polymer poly(p-phenylene sulfide). D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

Hydroxybenzoquinone

C6H4O3 (124.016)

Glutarimide

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinone

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

Diacetylmonoxime

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002801 - Cholinesterase Reactivators D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D002863 - Chromogenic Compounds D004793 - Enzyme Reactivators D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents

grams iodine

I3K (419.6771)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D009676 - Noxae > D007509 - Irritants D004396 - Coloring Agents

2517-07-9

C6H9NO2 (127.0633)

Ustiloxin A

C28H43N5O12S (673.2629)

Ustiloxin A is found in cereals and cereal products. Ustiloxin A is isolated from the false smut balls caused by Ustilaginoidea virens on rice. Isolated from the false smut balls caused by Ustilaginoidea virens on rice. Ustiloxin A is found in cereals and cereal products.

Uscharidin

C29H38O9 (530.2516)

Ptaerochromenol

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Ophiobolin A

C25H36O4 (400.2613)

Marckine

C29H37N3O3 (475.2835)

Ambrosin

C15H18O3 (246.1256)

Artecanin

C15H18O5 (278.1154)

PSF-A

C23H28O10 (464.1682)

PSF-A is found in root vegetables. PSF-A is a constituent of Polymnia sonchifolia (yacon) Constituent of Polymnia sonchifolia (yacon). PSF-A is found in root vegetables.

Matricin

C17H22O5 (306.1467)

Constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). Matricin is found in many foods, some of which are german camomile, fats and oils, tea, and herbs and spices. Matricin is found in fats and oils. Matricin is a constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile).

Multistatin

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

(-)-alpha-Curcumene

C15H22 (202.1721)

1-[(2R)-hex-5-en-2-yl]-4-methylbenzene is a member of the class of compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. Aromatic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. (-)-alpha-Curcumene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.

Illudin S

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

beta-Selinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of celery oiland is) also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops). beta-Selinene is found in many foods, some of which are safflower, star anise, chinese cinnamon, and allspice. beta-Selinene is found in alcoholic beverages. beta-Selinene is a constituent of celery oil. Also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops)

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone

C13H8O6 (260.0321)

Caranine

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

An indolizidine alkaloid that is galanthan substituted by analpha-hydroxy group at position 1 and a methylenedioxy group across position 9 and 10. An alkaloid commonly found in the members of the family amaryllidaceae.

(R)-Oxypeucedanin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

(r)-oxypeucedanin, also known as hishigado or phosphine, is a member of the class of compounds known as psoralens. Psoralens are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (r)-oxypeucedanin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (r)-oxypeucedanin can be found in carrot, lemon, parsley, and wild carrot, which makes (r)-oxypeucedanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is a member of psoralens. 4-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one is a natural product found in Prangos latiloba, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (R)-Oxypeucedanin is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is isolated from Angelica glauc Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2]. Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2].

Gentisin

C14H10O5 (258.0528)

Gentisin is found in alcoholic beverages. Gentisin is a pigment from root of Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian

6-Hydroxyluteolin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad). 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in many foods, some of which are common thyme, mexican oregano, green vegetables, and lemon verbena. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in common thyme. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad).

Arecaidine

C7H11NO2 (141.079)

Arecaidine is found in nuts. Arecaidine is an alkaloid from nuts of Areca catechu (betel nuts Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].

Sexangularetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

[6]-Gingerdione

C17H24O4 (292.1675)

[6]-Gingerdione is found in ginger. [6]-Gingerdione is a constituent of Zingiber officinale (ginger). Constituent of Zingiber officinale (ginger). [6]-Gingerdione is found in herbs and spices and ginger.

4-Methoxydalbergione

C16H14O3 (254.0943)

Sativan

C17H18O4 (286.1205)

Sativan, also known as sativin or (-)-sativan, is a member of the class of compounds known as 4-o-methylated isoflavonoids. 4-o-methylated isoflavonoids are isoflavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C4 atom of the isoflavonoid backbone. Isoflavonoids are natural products derived from 3-phenylchromen-4-one. Sativan is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sativan can be found in pulses, which makes sativan a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Sativan is found in pulses. Phytoalexin of Medicago species, Trifolium species and Trigonella specie

Toxicarin

C23H22O7 (410.1365)

Arborine

C16H14N2O (250.1106)

Arborine is a member of quinazolines. Arborine is a natural product found in Glycosmis pentaphylla with data available. Arborine is found in herbs and spices. Arborine is a major alkaloid from Ruta graveolens (rue Arborine inhibits the peripheral action of acetylcholine and induces a fall in blood pressure[1][1]. Arborine inhibits the peripheral action of acetylcholine and induces a fall in blood pressure[1][1]. Arborine inhibits the peripheral action of acetylcholine and induces a fall in blood pressure[1][1].

Arborinine

C16H15NO4 (285.1001)

Arborinine is found in herbs and spices. Arborinine is an alkaloid from Ruta graveolens (rue

m-Fluoroaniline

C6H6FN (111.0484)

Teniposide

C32H32O13S (656.1564)

A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. [PubChem] Same as: D02698

Sulbenicillin

C16H18N2O7S2 (414.0555)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain. Same as: D08534 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Pifithrin-Beta

C16H16N2S (268.1034)

Pentaacetyl geniposide

C27H34O15 (598.1898)

Asperuloside tetraacetate

C26H30O15 (582.1585)

Clorgiline

C13H15Cl2NO (271.0531)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C667 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Same as: D03248

1-((4-Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole

C17H12F4N2O2S (384.0556)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Lucanthone

C20H24N2OS (340.1609)

Lucanthone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the schistosomicides, it has been replaced largely by hycanthone and more recently praziquantel. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). It is currently being tested as a radiation sensitizer.Recent data suggests that lucanthone inhibits post-radiation DNA repair in tumor cells. The ability of lucanthone to inhibit AP endonuclease and topoisomerase II probably account for the specific DNA repair inhibition in irradiated cells. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent

Foscan

C44H32N4O4 (680.2423)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XD - Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Same as: D06066

Minovincinine

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

Lavoltidine

C19H29N5O2 (359.2321)

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent > C29702 - Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists

Telomestatin

C26H14N8O7S (582.0706)

Telomestatin is a naturally occurring organic compound classified as a cyclic phenolphthioceramide derivative. It is isolated from the fermentation broth of microorganisms and is known for its antitumor properties. The name "telomestatin" reflects its primary mode of action, which is the inhibition of telomerase, an enzyme crucial for the maintenance of chromosome stability and cell proliferation, particularly in cancer cells where telomerase activity is often elevated. Telomerase is responsible for adding repetitive DNA sequences called telomeres to the ends of chromosomes, which prevents the loss of genetic material during DNA replication and cell division. By inhibiting telomerase, telomestatin interferes with the ability of cancer cells to divide and proliferate, making it a potential candidate for antitumor therapy. The compound's unique chemical structure allows it to bind specifically to the telomerase RNA component, thereby blocking the enzyme's activity. The discovery and study of telomestatin have contributed to the understanding of telomerase biology and the development of potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

2-Aminoacridone

C13H10N2O (210.0793)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes

9-O-Demethylhomolycorine

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

Jadomycin B

C30H31NO9 (549.1999)

A jadomycin that is jadomycin A in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 12 has been converted to the corresponding 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside, isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae. It exists as a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of both 3aS and 3aR isomers.

Quercetin 7-glucoside

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

Quercetin 7-glucoside, also known as quercimeritrin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Quercetin 7-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Quercetin 7-glucoside can be found in a number of food items such as roman camomile, okra, dandelion, and cottonseed, which makes quercetin 7-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1]. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1].

Tamibarotene

C22H25NO3 (351.1834)

Tamibarotene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a novel synthetic retinoid for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Tamibarotene is currently approved in Japan for treatment of recurrent APL, and is undergoing clinical trials in the United States.Tamibarotene is a specific agonist for retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta with possible binding to retinoid X receptors (RXR). C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent Same as: D01418

Proxigermanium

C6H10Ge2O7 (337.8868)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C63817 - Chemokine Receptor Antagonist D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007369 - Interferon Inducers D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Dodecanamide

C12H25NO (199.1936)

3,4-Dimethoxy-N-(4-(3-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide

C17H15N3O6S2 (421.0402)

Norethynodrel

C20H26O2 (298.1933)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents Same as: D05207

Fenobucarb

C12H17NO2 (207.1259)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Phthalazone

C8H6N2O (146.048)

FENSULFOTHION

C11H17O4PS2 (308.0306)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8595; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8592 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8562; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8609; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8605 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8582; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8581 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8608; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8606 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 348; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8628; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8627

Pregnenolone acetate

C23H34O3 (358.2508)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Phenol-formaldehyde, cross-linked, tetraethylenepentamine activated

C8H23N5 (189.1953)

Phenol-formaldehyde, cross-linked, tetraethylenepentamine activated is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")

Dibromochloromethane

CHBr2Cl (205.8133)

Dibromochloromethane belongs to the family of Organochlorides. These are organic compounds containing a chlorine atom

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

C2H2Cl4 (165.8911)

Bromoform

CHBr3 (249.7628)

Bromoform, also known as Tribromomethane or Methyl tribromide, is classified as a member of the Trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms. Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where it is formed probably by algae and kelp. Bromoform is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Exposure to bromoform may occur from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water. The acute (short-term) effects from inhalation or ingestion of high levels of bromoform in humans and animals consist of nervous system effects such as the slowing down of brain functions, and injury to the liver and kidney. Chronic (long-term) animal studies indicate effects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) from oral exposure to bromoform. Human data are considered inadequate in providing evidence of cancer by exposure to bromoform, while animal data indicate that long-term oral exposure can cause liver and intestinal tumors. Bromoform has been classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as disinfection byproducts known as the trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water or swimming pools to kill bacteria. In the past, it was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now it is mainly used as a laboratory reagent. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. Bromoform is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens

2,2'-Methylenediphenol

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4380; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4378 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4390 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4432; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4427 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4033; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4411; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4406 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 860; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4412; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4408

Chloroacetyl chloride

C2H2Cl2O (111.9483)

Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical. (Wikipedia)

Adopron

C18H22O (254.1671)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Decylubiquinone

C19H30O4 (322.2144)

ST 27:2;O2

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

GSK 4716

C17H18N2O2 (282.1368)

4-Ketoretinoic acid

C20H26O3 (314.1882)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

Acevaltrate

C24H32O10 (480.1995)

Production by Valeriana subspecies Acevaltrate is found in tea, fats and oils, and herbs and spices. Acevaltrate is found in fats and oils. Acevaltrate is produced by Valeriana specie C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic Acevaltrate inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8 μM and 42.3 μM, respectively[1]. Acevaltrate inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8 μM and 42.3 μM, respectively[1].

Didemnin B

C57H89N7O15 (1111.6416)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic A natural product found particularly in Lyngbya majuscula and Trididemnum solidum. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Didemnin B is a depsipeptide extracted from the marine tunicate Trididemnin cyanophorum. Didemnin B can be used for the research of cancer[1].

Dinophysistoxin 1

C45H70O13 (818.4816)

Dinophysistoxin 1 is found in mollusks. Dinophysistoxin 1 is a metabolite of Dinophysis fortii. Dinophysistoxin 1 is found in scallops and mussels. Component toxin in diarrhetic shellfish poisonin D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins

Halistanol sulfate

C29H52O12S3 (688.2621)

5-Formyluracil

C5H4N2O3 (140.0222)

A pyrimidone resulting from the formal oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 5-hydroxymethyluracil to the corresponding aldehyde. It is a major one-electron photooxidation product of thymine in oligodeoxynucleotides. D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Ignavine

C27H31NO5 (449.2202)

Dopamine quinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101). Dopamine quinone is produce by the reaction between dopamine and oxygen, with water as the byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by the tyrosinase precursor. Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101)

2-Amino-2-deoxyisochorismate

C10H11NO5 (225.0637)

(+)-Nicotine

C10H14N2 (162.1157)

Chemical Structure of (+)-Nicotine: (+)-Nicotine, also known as d-nicotine, has a complex chemical structure that consists of a pyridine ring with a methyl group at position 3 and a pyrrolidine ring at position 2. The molecular formula of nicotine is C10H14N2. The presence of a nitrogen-containing pyridine ring and a pyrrolidine ring makes nicotine a type of alkaloid. The (+) sign indicates that this is the dextrorotatory isomer, meaning it rotates plane-polarized light to the right. The chemical structure can be described as follows: A six-membered pyridine ring, which is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. A methyl group (-CH3) attached to the pyridine ring at the 3-position. A five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which is a saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycle, fused to the pyridine ring at the 2-position. The pyrrolidine ring contains a secondary amine group (-NH-), which is part of the ring structure. Biological Functions of (+)-Nicotine: Neurotransmitter Mimic: (+)-Nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. By binding to these receptors, nicotine mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, leading to the release of various neurotransmitters and hormones. Central Nervous System Stimulation: When (+)-nicotine binds to nAChRs in the brain, it can increase the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure. This effect contributes to the addictive properties of nicotine. Cardiovascular Effects: (+)-Nicotine can have various effects on the cardiovascular system, including increasing heart rate and blood pressure due to the stimulation of nAChRs on adrenergic neurons, which leads to the release of catecholamines (e.g., adrenaline). Metabolic Effects: Nicotine can increase metabolic rate and decrease appetite, which can lead to weight loss in some individuals. Insecticide: (+)-Nicotine has insecticidal properties and has been used historically as a pesticide. It acts by binding to nAChRs in insects, causing paralysis and death. Therapeutic Uses: (+)-Nicotine is used in nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), such as patches, gum, lozenges, and inhalers, to help smokers reduce withdrawal symptoms and quit smoking. It is also being investigated for its potential therapeutic effects in neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Toxicity: At high doses, (+)-nicotine can be toxic, leading to nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death due to its paralytic effects on the respiratory center. (+)-Nicotine, also known as nikotin or L-nicotine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring (+)-Nicotine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on (+)-Nicotine. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). (+)-nicotine is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically (+)-Nicotine is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

lactaldehyde

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

A member of the class of propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).

3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

A beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid having amino and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups attached at the 3-position.

metaraminol

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents KEIO_ID M167

ST 19:2;O3

C19H28O3 (304.2038)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist

Genkwanin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Genkwanin is a monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a genkwanin(1-). Genkwanin is a natural product found in Odontites viscosus, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. Rubiadin is a natural product found in Coprosma tenuicaulis, Prismatomeris tetrandra, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin, also known as (S)-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide or (S)-3-(allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Alliin is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alliin can be found in a number of food items such as red rice, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), ceylon cinnamon, and olive, which makes alliin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Garlic has been used since antiquity as a therapeutic remedy for certain conditions now associated with oxygen toxicity, and, when this was investigated, garlic did indeed show strong antioxidant and hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties, it is presumed owing to the alliin contained within. Alliin has also been found to affect immune responses in blood . 3-(Allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine is a L-alpha-amino acid. Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Alliin is the main active component of garlic. (±)-Alliin is a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro)[1]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Acridone

C13H9NO (195.0684)

Acridone is a member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9. It is a member of acridines and a cyclic ketone. Acridone is a natural product found in Thamnosma montana with data available. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].

Biopterin

C9H11N5O3 (237.0862)

Biopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinsons disease, in which the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons degenerate, are lower than those from age-matched older controls. In hereditary progressive dystonia/DOPA-responsive dystonia, which is a dopamine deficiency caused by mutations in GTP cyclohydrolase I without neuronal cell death (Segawas disease), biopterin in cerebrospinal fluid decrease in parallel owing to the decreased activity in GTP cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16, is an enzyme that is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3-triphosphate. (Pteridines (1999), 10(1), 5-13.) Lowered levels of urinary biopterin concomitant with elevated serum phenylalanine concentration occur in a variant type of hyperphenylalaninemia caused by a deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the obligatory cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase. The most frequent form of this cofactor deficiency is due to lack of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) activity, the second enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for BH4. (PMID 8178819) The hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylating system consists of 3 essential components, phenylalanine hydroxylase, dihydropteridine reductase, and the nonprotein coenzyme, tetrahydrobiopterin. The reductase and the pterin coenzyme are also essential components of the tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylating systems. There are 3 distinct forms of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninemia, each caused by lack of 1 of these essential components. The variant forms of the disease that are caused by the lack of dihydropteridine reductase or tetrahydrobiopterin are characterized by severe neurol. deterioration, impaired functioning of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, and the resultant deficiency of tyrosine- and tryptophan-derived monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. (PMID 3930837) [HMDB] Biopterin, also known as tetrahydrobiopterin or BH4, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. Biopterin or tetrahydrobiopterin is also classified as a pterin derivative that consists of pterin group bearing an amino, an oxo and a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituent at positions 2, 4 and 6, respectively. Biopterin compounds found within the animals include BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin), the free radical BH3, and BH2 (also a free radical, called Dihydrobiopterin). BH2 is produced in the synthesis of L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by the enzyme dihydrobiopterin reductase. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline). It is also a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide syntheses. Tetrahydrobiopterin is biosynthesized from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by three chemical reactions mediated by the enzymes GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), and sepiapterin reductase (SR). Biopterin synthesis disorders are a cause of hyperphenylalaninemia. There are 3 distinct forms of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninemia, each caused by lack of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes. The variant forms of hyperphenylalaninemia that are caused by the lack of dihydropteridine reductase or tetrahydrobiopterin are characterized by severe neurological deterioration, impaired functioning of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, and the resultant deficiency of tyrosine- and tryptophan-derived monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. (PMID 3930837). 6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin), a pterin derivative, is a NO synthase cofactor.

Erythronic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

Erythronic acid is a sugar component of aqueous humour (eye). It may be derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. Erythronic acid is a normal organic acid present in a healthy adult and pediatric population. It has been found in urine, plasma, CSF, and synovial fluid (PMID: 14708889, 8087979, 8376520, 10420182). Erythronic acid is formed when N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is oxidized. GlcNAc is a constituent of hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of glucuronic acid and GlcNAc, present as an aqueous solution in synovial fluid. In the synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, HA is thought to be degraded either by radicals generated by Fenton chemistry (Fe2+/H2O2) or by NaOCl generated by myeloperoxidase (PMID: 10614067). Erythronic acid is a sugar component of aqueous humour (eye). It may be derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. Erythronic acid is a normal organic acid present in a healthy adult and pediatric population. It has been found in urine, plasma, CSF and synovial fluid. (PMID: 14708889, 8087979, 8376520, 10420182) Erythronic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13752-84-6 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 13752-84-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

2-Phosphoglyceric acid

C3H7O7P (185.9929)

2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA) is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. Enolase catalyzes the beta-elimination reaction in a stepwise manner wherein OH- is eliminated from C3 of a discrete carbanion (enolate) intermediate. This intermediate is created by removal of the proton from C2 of 2PGA by a base in the active site. (PMID: 8994873, Wikipedia) [HMDB] 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA) is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. Enolase catalyzes the beta-elimination reaction in a stepwise manner wherein OH- is eliminated from C3 of a discrete carbanion (enolate) intermediate. This intermediate is created by removal of the proton from C2 of 2PGA by a base in the active site (PMID: 8994873, Wikipedia). 2-Phosphoglyceric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2553-59-5 (retrieved 2024-11-04) (CAS RN: 2553-59-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

3-O-Caffeoyl-4-O-methylquinic acid

C17H20O9 (368.1107)

3-O-Caffeoyl-4-O-methylquinic acid is found in green vegetables. It is a constituent of Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo). Constituent of Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo). 3-O-Caffeoyl-4-O-methylquinic acid is found in green vegetables. 3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances[1][2]. 3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances[1][2].

MG(O-18:0/0:0/0:0)

C21H44O3 (344.329)

MG(O-18:0/0:0/0:0) belongs to the family of monoradyglycerols, which are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at one fatty acyl group is attached. Their general formula is [R1]OCC(CO[R2])O[R3]. MG(O-18:0/0:0/0:0) is made up of one octadecyl(R1). 1-Octadecyl-sn-glycerol is an intermediate in ether lipid metabolism. Ether lipids are lipids in which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol is bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester linkage. [HMDB] C26170 - Protective Agent > C797 - Radioprotective Agent 3-(Octadecyloxy)propane-1,2-diol is an endogenous metabolite.

delta-Amorphene

C15H24 (204.1878)

1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]. A cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]

trans-Jasmone

C11H16O (164.1201)

trans-Jasmone is found in spearmint. Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has the odor of jasmine. Jasmone can exist in two isomeric forms with differing geometry around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone and trans-jasmone. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while synthetic material is often a mixture containing both forms, with the cis form predominating. Both forms have similar odors and chemical properties. (Wikipedia Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has the odor of jasmine. Jasmone can exist in two isomeric forms with differing geometry around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone and trans-jasmone. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while synthetic material is often a mixture containing both forms, with the cis form predominating. Both forms have similar odors and chemical properties. trans-Jasmone is found in spearmint. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1]. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1].

alpha-Curcumene

C15H22 (202.1721)

alpha-Curcumene belongs to the family of Sesquiterpenes. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units

beta-Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A mixture with 1,3,6,10-Farnesatetraene JXF60-O has been isolated from many plant sources and is used as a food flavourant (woodgreen flavour). beta-Farnesene is found in sweet basil. (E)-beta-Farnesene is found in anise. (E)-beta-Farnesene is a constituent of hop, camomile and other essential oils (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

Quercimeritrin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1]. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1].

4-oxo-Retinoic acid

C20H26O3 (314.1882)

4-oxo-Retinoic acid is a biologically active geometric isomer of retinoic acid (RA). 4-oxo-retinoic acid is generated from its precursor canthaxanthin and enhances gap junctional communication in cells. Metabolic transformation of all-trans RA to 4-hydroxylated RA appears to be primarily catalyzed by the cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 26AI in human skin cells. Cellular levels of all-trans RA are meticulously regulated utilizing an array of systems to balance uptake, biosynthesis, catabolism, and efflux transport. RA is a critical regulator of gene expression during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult epithelial tissues. (PMID: 8794203, 7893159, 17330217, 16778795, 17460545) [HMDB] 4-oxo-Retinoic acid is a biologically active geometric isomer of retinoic acid (RA). 4-oxo-retinoic acid is generated from its precursor canthaxanthin and enhances gap junctional communication in cells. Metabolic transformation of all-trans RA to 4-hydroxylated RA appears to be primarily catalyzed by the cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 26AI in human skin cells. Cellular levels of all-trans RA are meticulously regulated utilizing an array of systems to balance uptake, biosynthesis, catabolism, and efflux transport. RA is a critical regulator of gene expression during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult epithelial tissues. (PMID: 8794203, 7893159, 17330217, 16778795, 17460545). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

L-Pipecolic acid

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

L-pipecolic acid is a normal human metabolite present in human blood, where is present as the primary enantiomer of pipecolic acid. L-pipecolic acid is a cyclic imino acid (contains both imino (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups) produced during the degradation of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, including Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), and infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510). L-pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. L-pipecolic acid is the substrate of delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.21) in the pathway of lysine degradation (PMID: 2717271, 8305590, 1050990). Present in beans and other legumes, and in lesser quantities in other plants including barley, hops, malt and mushrooms. L-Pipecolic acid is found in many foods, some of which are macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), linden, tinda, and cumin. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2]. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2].

(+)-Epibatidine

C11H13ClN2 (208.0767)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Deforolimus

C53H84NO14P (989.5629)

2-Amino-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

C6H13NO2 (131.0946)

3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.

Afimoxifene

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

Chebulagic acid

C41H30O27 (954.0974)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.

Cyclosporin A

C62H111N11O12 (1201.8413)

Enhydrin

C23H28O10 (464.1682)

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

C5H10N2O (114.0793)

lapachol

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Lapachol is a naphthoquinone that was first isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae (Bignoniaceae)[1]. Lapachol shows anti-abscess, anti-ulcer, antileishmanial, anticarcinomic, antiedemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and pesticidal activities[2]. Lapachol is a naphthoquinone that was first isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae (Bignoniaceae)[1]. Lapachol shows anti-abscess, anti-ulcer, antileishmanial, anticarcinomic, antiedemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and pesticidal activities[2].

Methysticin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Scarlet red

C24H20N4O (380.1637)

D004396 - Coloring Agents

Tetrahydrocoptisine

C19H17NO4 (323.1158)

(±)-Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine) is an alkaloid compound originally isolated from Corydalis tubers that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic activities[1][2]. (±)-Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine) is an alkaloid compound originally isolated from Corydalis tubers that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic activities[1][2].

Spinosterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Spinosterol, also known as spinasterol, (3beta,5alpha,22e,24r)-isomer, belongs to stigmastanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24. Thus, spinosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Spinosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Spinosterol can be found in wild celery, which makes spinosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

Momordin B

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Momordin b, also known as oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronide or 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)oleanolate, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpene saponins. Triterpene saponins are glycosylated derivatives of triterpene sapogenins. The sapogenin moiety backbone is usually based on the oleanane, ursane, taraxastane, bauerane, lanostane, lupeol, lupane, dammarane, cycloartane, friedelane, hopane, 9b,19-cyclo-lanostane, cycloartane, or cycloartanol skeleton. Momordin b is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Momordin b can be found in bitter gourd, which makes momordin b a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

Proazulene

C17H22O5 (306.1467)

Proazulene, also known as matricine, is a member of the class of compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom. Thus, proazulene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Proazulene is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Proazulene can be found in anise, which makes proazulene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Chamazulene, a blue-violet derivative of azulene, found in a variety of plants including in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is biosynthesized from matricin .

tetrahydrofolate

C19H23N7O6 (445.171)

Tetrahydrofolic acid, also known as (6s)-tetrahydrofolate or (6s)-thfa, belongs to glutamic acid and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Tetrahydrofolic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tetrahydrofolic acid can be found in a number of food items such as malabar plum, parsnip, white lupine, and alpine sweetvetch, which makes tetrahydrofolic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tetrahydrofolic acid may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. Tetrahydrofolic acid is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Tetrahydrofolate is transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where it is needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids, methylate tRNA, and generate and use formate (DrugBank). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Pipecolic acid

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Curdione

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

Curdione is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid. Germacr-1(10)-ene-5,8-dione is a natural product found in Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma wenyujin, and other organisms with data available. (3R,6E,10S)-6,10-Dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylcyclodec-6-ene-1,4-dione is a natural product found in Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma wenyujin with data available. Curdione, one of the major sesquiterpene compounds from Curcuma zedoaria, has been shown to exhibit multiple bioactive properties. IC50 value: 60–80 μM Target: In vitro: The study of the influence of curdione on the hemorheological changes in blood stasis model rats and thrombolysis in vitro showed that curdione only possessed thrombolytic effect in dose of 0.235 g·L-1 and 2.35 g·L-1, but has not the notable activity of thrombolysis [1]. The effects of curdione on human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.3 U/ml) were tested in vitro. Curdione preferentially inhibited PAF- and thrombin- induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 60–80 μM), whereas much higher concentrations of curdione were required to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA. Curdione also inhibited P-selectin expression in PAF-activated platelets. Moreover, curdione caused an increase in cAMP levels and attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in PAF-activated platelets. In vivo: Curdione showed significant antithrombotic activity [2]. Curdione, one of the major sesquiterpene compounds from Curcuma zedoaria, has been shown to exhibit multiple bioactive properties. IC50 value: 60–80 μM Target: In vitro: The study of the influence of curdione on the hemorheological changes in blood stasis model rats and thrombolysis in vitro showed that curdione only possessed thrombolytic effect in dose of 0.235 g·L-1 and 2.35 g·L-1, but has not the notable activity of thrombolysis [1]. The effects of curdione on human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.3 U/ml) were tested in vitro. Curdione preferentially inhibited PAF- and thrombin- induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 60–80 μM), whereas much higher concentrations of curdione were required to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA. Curdione also inhibited P-selectin expression in PAF-activated platelets. Moreover, curdione caused an increase in cAMP levels and attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in PAF-activated platelets. In vivo: Curdione showed significant antithrombotic activity [2].

Gentisin

C14H10O5 (258.0528)

Gentisin is a member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of xanthones, a polyphenol and an aromatic ether. Gentisin is a natural product found in Pterocarpus santalinus, Gentiana orbicularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 3. Gentisin is found in alcoholic beverages. Gentisin is a pigment from root of Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian

Bellidin

C13H8O6 (260.0321)

Bellidin is a member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a mutagen, an antioxidant and a radical scavenger. It is a member of xanthones and a tetrol. It is functionally related to a xanthone. 1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Swertia teres, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris.

Tetrahydrocoptisine

C19H17NO4 (323.1158)

Stylopine is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Fumaria muralis, and other organisms with data available. (±)-Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine) is an alkaloid compound originally isolated from Corydalis tubers that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic activities[1][2]. (±)-Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine) is an alkaloid compound originally isolated from Corydalis tubers that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic activities[1][2].

Quercimeritrin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

Quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of flavonols, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a quercetin O-glucoside. Quercimeritrin is a natural product found in Salix atrocinerea, Dendroviguiera sphaerocephala, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1]. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1].

Chebulinic_acid

C41H32O27 (956.1131)

2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,11S,12S,13R,21S)-13,17,18-trihydroxy-2,10,14-trioxo-5,21-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]-3,6,9,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.7.1.14,8.016,20]henicosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-11-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula with data available. See also: Terminalia chebula fruit (part of).

Batyl

C21H44O3 (344.329)

Batilol is an alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent. Batyl alcohol is a natural product found in Lobophytum, Sarcophyton crassocaule, and other organisms with data available. C26170 - Protective Agent > C797 - Radioprotective Agent 3-(Octadecyloxy)propane-1,2-diol is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

Punicic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

Enhydrin

C23H28O10 (464.1682)

Daidzin

C21H20O9 (416.1107)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities. Daidzin is a potent and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial ALDH-2. Daidzin reduces ethanol consumption[1]. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities.

Nornepetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Genkwanin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.

Pinoquercetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

A pentahydroxyflavone that is quercetin substituted by a methyl group at position 6.

Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

Capsanthin is a carotenone. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Capsanthin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum, Lilium lancifolium, and Gallus gallus with data available. See also: Red Pepper (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Germacrene D

C15H24 (204.1878)

(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).

Cynaropicrin

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone. Cynaropicrin is a natural product found in Pleiotaxis rugosa, Pseudostifftia kingii, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). D009676 - Noxae > D003603 - Cytotoxins Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling. Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling.

Scoulerine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

(R,S)-Scoulerine is an alkaloid. Scoulerine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos saetabensis, Corydalis bungeana, and other organisms with data available.

Acevaltrate

C24H32O10 (480.1995)

Acevaltrate is a fatty acid ester. Acevaltratum is a natural product found in Fedia cornucopiae, Plectritis macrocera, and other organisms with data available. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic Acevaltrate inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8 μM and 42.3 μM, respectively[1]. Acevaltrate inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8 μM and 42.3 μM, respectively[1].

7-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C15H10O3 (238.063)

7-hydroxyflavone is a hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a natural product found in Lawsonia inermis, Berberis dictyota, and other organisms with data available. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2]. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[1][2]. 7-Hydroxyflavone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=6665-86-7 (retrieved 2024-10-18) (CAS RN: 6665-86-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

2-AMINOBENZIMIDAZOLE

C7H7N3 (133.064)

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2240 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2003

9-Keto-Octadecadienoic Acid

C18H30O3 (294.2195)

Boscalid

C18H12Cl2N2O (342.0327)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2938

sotalol

C12H20N2O3S (272.1195)

C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

Indolylmethyl glucosinolate

C16H20N2O9S2 (448.061)

Annotation level-3 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society

Geniposidic acid

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Geniposidic acid has radiation protection and anti-cancer activity. Geniposidic acid has radiation protection and anti-cancer activity.

Rhein

C15H8O6 (284.0321)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.164 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.166

Kaempferide

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.191 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.194 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.190 Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.

2-Deoxy-5-Guanylic Acid

C10H14N5O7P (347.0631)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.057 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.055

Ergocornine

C31H39N5O5 (561.2951)

Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12 position, isopropyl groups at the 2 and 5alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3, 6, and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.024 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.021 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.017

Matairesinol

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 17 INTERNAL_ID 17; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.920 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.921 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.910 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.909 Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1]. Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1].

sulfamethizole

C9H10N4O2S2 (270.0245)

D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BA - Sulfonamides J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EB - Short-acting sulfonamides B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AB - Sulfonamides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013432 - Sulfathiazoles D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

L-Pipecolic acid

C6H11NO2 (129.079)

The L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; HXEACLLIILLPRG-YFKPBYRVSA-N_STSL_0204_L-pipecolic Acid_0500fmol_180831_S2_L02M02_19; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Tryptophol

C10H11NO (161.0841)

An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. Tryptophol (Indole-3-ethanol) is an endogenous metabolite. Tryptophol (Indole-3-ethanol) is an endogenous metabolite.

medroxyprogesterone

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8739

Kaempferid

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.

biopterin

C9H11N5O3 (237.0862)

A pterin derivative that consists of pterin bearing amino, oxo and 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 respectively. The parent of the class of biopterins; the L-erythro isomer occurs widely in nature. 6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin), a pterin derivative, is a NO synthase cofactor.

Scoulerin

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

A berberine alkaloid isolated from Corydalis saxicola.

dimethoate

C5H12NO3PS2 (228.9996)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3009

Fenobucarb

C12H17NO2 (207.1259)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

2-Methoxyestrone

C19H24O3 (300.1725)

A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.

Anserine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. Anserine is not cleaved by serum carnosinase and act as biochemical buffers, chelators, antioxidants, and anti-glycation agents. Anserine improves memory functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-model mice[1][2]. Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. Anserine is not cleaved by serum carnosinase and act as biochemical buffers, chelators, antioxidants, and anti-glycation agents. Anserine improves memory functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-model mice[1][2].

N6-acetyl-L-lysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; DTERQYGMUDWYAZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N_STSL_0232_N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine (N6)_8000fmol_190114_S2_LC02MS02_018; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

hydroorotic acid

C5H6N2O4 (158.0328)

ISOBUTYRIC ACID

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.

2-HEPTANONE

C7H14O (114.1045)

indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

nerol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

clobenpropit

C14H17ClN4S (308.0862)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists

Cortodoxone

C21H30O4 (346.2144)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Cortodoxone is a glucocorticoid that can be oxidized to cortisone (Hydrocortisone).

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

Lumazine

C6H4N4O2 (164.0334)

Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is an endogenous metabolite.

nalbuphine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

N-Acetylhistamine

C7H11N3O (153.0902)

A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide comprising histamine having an acetyl group attached to the side-chain amino function. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions.

Methysticin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Methysticin is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Methysticin is a natural product found in Piper methysticum and Piper majusculum with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). Methylsticin is a kavalactone isolated from the Piper methysticum . Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity[1]. Methylsticin is a kavalactone isolated from the Piper methysticum . Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity[1].

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

HT-2 Toxin

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

disopyramide

C21H29N3O (339.2311)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

diflunisal

C13H8F2O3 (250.0441)

N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics > N02BA - Salicylic acid and derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

CARTEOLOL

C16H24N2O3 (292.1787)

C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

4-hydroxytamoxifen

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2716

Vincamin

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D014748 - Vinca Alkaloids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2327 Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2]. Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2].

Arborinine

C16H15NO4 (285.1001)

THIOACETIC ACID

C2H4OS (75.9983)

7-isopropenyl-4a-methyl-1-methylenedecahydronaphthalene

C15H24 (204.1878)

epicubenol

C15H26O (222.1984)

FA 4:0

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists

Prostaglandin D1

C20H34O5 (354.2406)

Prostaglandin B1

C20H32O4 (336.23)

A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).

Prostaglandin E3

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

FOH 8:0

C8H18O (130.1358)

D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].

spinasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

ST 27:4;O3

C27H40O3 (412.2977)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

ST 19:4;O3

C19H24O3 (300.1725)

An androstanoid that is androst-4-en-19-al substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.

beta-selinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

An optically active form of beta-selinene having (+)-(4aR,7R,8aS)-configuration.

(+)-DELTA-CADINENE

C15H24 (204.1878)

A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).

Matricin

C17H22O5 (306.1467)

malvidin

C17H15O7+ (331.0818)

An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.

Aureusidin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Aureusidin is a hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an aurone. It is a conjugate acid of an aureusidin-6-olate. Aureusidin is a natural product found in Eleocharis dulcis, Eleocharis pallens, and other organisms with data available. A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1].

4-CHLOROANILINE

C6H6ClN (127.0189)

1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione

C10H14N2O5 (242.0903)

1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine is a thymidine analog. Analogs of this series have insertional activity towards replicated DNA. They can be used to label cells and track DNA synthesis[1].

Propagermanium

C6H10Ge2O7 (337.8868)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C63817 - Chemokine Receptor Antagonist D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007369 - Interferon Inducers D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Pinocembrin-7-methyl ether

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

Hbdde

C16H18O8 (338.1002)

2-Naphthoic acid

C11H8O2 (172.0524)

A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2.

Medrysone

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid Same as: D02289

tetrachloroethane

C2H2Cl4 (165.8911)

Lauramide

C12H25NO (199.1936)

A fatty amide of lauric acid.

Batilol

C21H44O3 (344.329)

Monoacyl glycerol is a member of the class of compounds known as 2-monoacylglycerols. 2-monoacylglycerols are monoacylglycerols containing a glycerol acylated at the 2-position. Monoacyl glycerol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Monoacyl glycerol can be found in fig, which makes monoacyl glycerol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Monoglycerides (also: acylglycerols or monoacylglycerols) are a class of glycerides which are composed of a molecule of glycerol linked to a fatty acid via an ester bond. As glycerol contains both primary and secondary alcohol groups two different types of monoglycerides may be formed; 1-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to a primary alcohol, or a 2-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to the secondary alcohol . C26170 - Protective Agent > C797 - Radioprotective Agent 3-(Octadecyloxy)propane-1,2-diol is an endogenous metabolite.

TEMOPORFIN

C44H32N4O4 (680.2423)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XD - Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Clorgiline

C13H15Cl2NO (271.0531)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C667 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Same as: D03248

Tamibarotene

C22H25NO3 (351.1834)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent

17066-67-0

C15H24 (204.1878)

AIDS-224739

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B. Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B.

Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Isol. (without stereochemical distinction) from oil of Cymbopogon nardus (citronella), Cananga odorata (ylang ylang) and others (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

CHEBI:15385

C15H24 (204.1878)

Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

cuminal

C10H12O (148.0888)

Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1]. Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1].

Isoguanine

C5H5N5O (151.0494)

477-49-6

C22H20O8 (412.1158)

Podophyllotoxone is isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis and has anti-cancer activities.Podophyllotoxone is able to inhibit the tubulin polymerization[1]. Podophyllotoxone is isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis and has anti-cancer activities.Podophyllotoxone is able to inhibit the tubulin polymerization[1].

3952-18-9

C30H18O10 (538.09)

Dinopol NOP

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

571-74-4

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

Obepin

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

Gentisin

C14H10O5 (258.0528)

Echinocystic acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Echinocystic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the fruit of Honey Locust. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

Acridone

C13H9NO (195.0684)

Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].

Vetol

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food[1]. Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food[1].

CHEBI:2197

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Ayapanin

C10H8O3 (176.0473)

Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect. Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants, with antitumor effect.

93-03-8

C9H12O3 (168.0786)

Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzenemethanol), a secondary metabolite of some lignin degrading fungi, is commonly used nonphenolic substrate for assaying ligninolytic activity[1][2]. Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzenemethanol), a secondary metabolite of some lignin degrading fungi, is commonly used nonphenolic substrate for assaying ligninolytic activity[1][2].

Gingerdione

C17H24O4 (292.1675)

AI3-26172

C2H6S3 (125.9632)

Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide found in garlic, onion, broccoli, and similar plants. Dimethyl trisulfide is a cyanide antidote[1]. Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide found in garlic, onion, broccoli, and similar plants. Dimethyl trisulfide is a cyanide antidote[1].

Bio1_001201

C20H32O4 (336.23)

Jasmone

C11H16O (164.1201)

Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1]. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1].

Isobutyrate

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

603-56-5

C19H18O8 (374.1002)

Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1]. Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1].

Tecomin

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Lapachol is a naphthoquinone that was first isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae (Bignoniaceae)[1]. Lapachol shows anti-abscess, anti-ulcer, antileishmanial, anticarcinomic, antiedemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and pesticidal activities[2]. Lapachol is a naphthoquinone that was first isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae (Bignoniaceae)[1]. Lapachol shows anti-abscess, anti-ulcer, antileishmanial, anticarcinomic, antiedemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and pesticidal activities[2].

CH3COSH

C2H4OS (75.9983)

alpha-Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. alpha-Spinasterol is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, towel gourd, muskmelon, and green vegetables. alpha-Spinasterol is found in alfalfa. alpha-Spinasterol is a constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

3-Deoxyestrone

C18H22O (254.1671)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

42-(Dimethylphosphinate)rapamycin

C53H84NO14P (989.5629)

Diacetyl monoxime

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002801 - Cholinesterase Reactivators D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D002863 - Chromogenic Compounds D004793 - Enzyme Reactivators D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents

Chrysosplenetin

C19H18O8 (374.1002)

Chrysosplenetin is a tetramethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7,3-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetagetin. Chrysosplenetin is a natural product found in Haplophyllum myrtifolium, Cleome amblyocarpa, and other organisms with data available. A tetramethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7,3-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1]. Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1].

Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Alpha-Spinasterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. alpha-Spinasterol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Benincasa hispida, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

Homotaurine

C3H9NO3S (139.0303)

3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].

Isochamaejasmin

C30H22O10 (542.1213)

Isochamaejasmin is a biflavonoid that consists of two units of 5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone joined together at position 3 and 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a biflavonoid and a hydroxyflavone. Isochamaejasmin is a natural product found in Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Stellera chamaejasme, and Ormocarpum kirkii with data available. A biflavonoid that consists of two units of 5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone joined together at position 3 and 3.

Momordin B

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid. Calenduloside E is a natural product found in Anredera baselloides, Polyscias scutellaria, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

2-Ethylhexanol

C8H18O (130.1358)

A primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2.

ethyl acetoacetate

C6H10O3 (130.063)

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.

diclofenamide

C6H6Cl2N2O4S2 (303.9146)

S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

nafcillin

C21H22N2O5S (414.1249)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CF - Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

trihexyphenidyl

C20H31NO (301.2406)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent

DIBUTYL SUCCINATE

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents

N-Nitrosodibutylamine

C8H18N2O (158.1419)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Semicarbazide

CH5N3O (75.0433)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C16H17N (223.1361)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists

L-Threonic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

The L-enantiomer of threonic acid.

D-Ribofuranose

C5H10O5 (150.0528)

A ribofuranose having D-configuration. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1]. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1]. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) is active in protein glycation, induces NF-κB inflammation in a RAGE-dependent manner[1].

N-Hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene

C15H13NO2 (239.0946)

Picolinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

Glutarimide

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

RHODANINE

C3H3NOS2 (132.9656)

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

7-Dehydrodesmosterol

C27H42O (382.3235)

A 3beta-sterol having the structure of desmosterol with an extra double bond at C-7--C-8.

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

The product resulting from formal oxidation of DL-proline by loss of hydrogen from the nitrogen and from the carbon alpha to the carboxylic acid, with the formation of a C=N bond.

2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid

C3H7O7P (185.9929)

A 2-phosphoglyceric acid in which the glyceric acid moiety has D (R) configuration.

(6S)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate

C19H23N7O6 (445.171)

N-Methyl-L-alanine

C4H9NO2 (103.0633)

A methyl-L-alanine in which one of the the amino hydrogen of L-alanine is replaced by a methyl group.

20-Hydroxycholesterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. 20(S)-hydroxyCholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo) that activates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with an EC50 of 3 μM in a gene transcription reporter assay using NIH3T3 cells[1][2].

(+)-Epicubenol

C15H26O (222.1984)

1,2,6-Trigalloylglucose

C27H24O18 (636.0963)

Ro 61-8048

C17H15N3O6S2 (421.0402)

Dopaminoquinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

A member of the class of 1,2-benzoquinones that is 1,2-benzoquinone in which a hydrogen at para to one of the oxo groups has been replaced by a 2-aminoethyl group.

Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid

C3H5O7P (183.9773)

Aspartyl phosphate

C4H8NO7P (213.0038)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids

1D-Myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate

C6H14O12P2 (339.9961)

7alpha-Hydroxytestosterone

C19H28O3 (304.2038)

Arnicolide A

C17H22O5 (306.1467)

(-)-alpha-Curcumene

C15H22 (202.1721)

An alpha-curcumene that has R configuration at the chiral centre.

Tubulosine

C29H37N3O3 (475.2835)

A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is tubulosan bearing methoxy groups at positions 10 and 11 and a hydroxy group at the 8 position.

Triacetate

C6H8O4 (144.0423)

2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone

C6H4O3 (124.016)

The simplest member of the class of 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones, that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which a single hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group.

O(6)-Methyl-2-deoxyguanosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

Biotinyl-5-AMP

C20H28N7O9PS (573.1407)

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramic acid

C20H31N3O19P2 (679.1027)