Apramycin (BioDeep_00000003432)

   


代谢物信息卡片


Apramycin sulfate

化学式: C21H41N5O11 (539.2802)
中文名称: 阿布拉霉素
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 not specific(plant) 0.69%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CNC1C(C2C(CC(C(O2)OC3C(CC(C(C3O)O)N)N)N)OC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)N)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H41N5O11/c1-26-11-14(30)18-8(33-20(11)37-21-16(32)13(29)10(25)9(4-27)34-21)3-7(24)19(36-18)35-17-6(23)2-5(22)12(28)15(17)31/h5-21,26-32H,2-4,22-25H2,1H3/t5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+,13+,14-,15-,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,21-/m1/s1

描述信息

An aminoglycoside that is 2-deoxystreptamine that is substituted on the oxygen at position 4 by an (8R)-2-amino-8-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,7-trideoxy-7-(methylamino)-D-glycero-alpha-D-allo-octodialdo-1,5:8,4-dipyranos-1-yl) group.
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
KEIO_ID A100

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

Apramycin; Apramycin sulfate; 37321-09-8; Apramycin



数据库引用编号

31 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 4 ACBD4, CDK16, DMD, PIR
Peripheral membrane protein 3 CDK16, DMD, PLOD3
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 PLOD3, VAPA, ZDHHC16
Nucleus 6 ANKRD42, CDK16, DMD, PIR, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C
cytosol 4 CDK16, DMD, PIR, VAPA
nuclear body 1 PIR
trans-Golgi network 2 PLOD3, TAS2R16
nucleoplasm 2 PIR, RNASEH2B
Cell membrane 3 CDK16, TAS2R16, VAPA
Cytoplasmic side 2 CDK16, DMD
Multi-pass membrane protein 2 TAS2R16, ZDHHC16
Synapse 1 DMD
cell surface 1 DMD
Golgi apparatus 2 PLOD3, ZDHHC16
Golgi membrane 1 VAPA
sarcolemma 1 DMD
synaptic vesicle 1 CDK16
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle 1 CDK16
endosome 1 UEVLD
plasma membrane 5 CDK16, DMD, TAS2R16, TAS2R39, VAPA
Membrane 5 ACBD4, DMD, TAS2R16, TAS2R39, ZDHHC16
extracellular exosome 2 PLOD3, UEVLD
Lumenal side 1 PLOD3
endoplasmic reticulum 3 PLOD3, TAS2R16, VAPA
extracellular space 1 PLOD3
Cell junction, tight junction 1 VAPA
bicellular tight junction 1 VAPA
protein-containing complex 1 DMD
filopodium 1 DMD
Secreted 1 PLOD3
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 CDK16
Nucleus membrane 1 VAPA
nuclear membrane 1 VAPA
external side of plasma membrane 1 TAS2R16
Z disc 1 DMD
microtubule cytoskeleton 2 CDK16, VAPA
vesicle 1 VAPA
postsynaptic membrane 1 DMD
Cell membrane, sarcolemma 1 DMD
Membrane raft 1 DMD
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 DMD
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 PLOD3
Nucleus outer membrane 1 DMD
nuclear outer membrane 1 DMD
Postsynaptic cell membrane 1 DMD
neuron projection 1 CDK16
cytoskeleton 1 DMD
Secreted, extracellular space 1 PLOD3
ESCRT I complex 1 UEVLD
filopodium membrane 1 DMD
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 PLOD3
azurophil granule membrane 1 VAPA
Single-pass type IV membrane protein 2 DMD, VAPA
costamere 1 DMD
Synapse, synaptosome 1 CDK16
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex 1 DMD
Rough endoplasmic reticulum 1 PLOD3
cell-substrate junction 1 DMD
ribonuclease H2 complex 2 RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex 1 CDK16
neuron projection terminus 1 DMD
syntrophin complex 1 DMD
organelle 1 DMD
plasma membrane bounded cell projection 1 DMD


文献列表

  • Katja Becker, Sha Cao, Anna Nilsson, Maria Erlandsson, Sven-Kevin Hotop, Janis Kuka, Jon Hansen, Klara Haldimann, Solveiga Grinberga, Talia Berruga-Fernández, Douglas L Huseby, Reza Shariatgorji, Evelina Lindmark, Björn Platzack, Erik C Böttger, David Crich, Lena E Friberg, Carina Vingsbo Lundberg, Diarmaid Hughes, Mark Brönstrup, Per E Andrén, Edgars Liepinsh, Sven N Hobbie. Antibacterial activity of apramycin at acidic pH warrants wide therapeutic window in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis. EBioMedicine. 2021 Nov; 73(?):103652. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103652. [PMID: 34740109]
  • Sawsan M A El-Sheikh, Abd El-Alim F Abd El-Alim, Hosny A Ibrahim, Elham A Mobarez, Walaa A El-Sayed, Azza A A Galal, Naglaa F S Awad. Chitosan propolis nanocomposite alone or in combination with apramycin: an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in rabbits: in vitro and in vivo study. Journal of medical microbiology. 2021 Oct; 70(10):. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001412. [PMID: 34612810]
  • Katja Becker, Vincent Aranzana-Climent, Sha Cao, Anna Nilsson, Reza Shariatgorji, Klara Haldimann, Björn Platzack, Diarmaid Hughes, Per E Andrén, Erik C Böttger, Lena E Friberg, Sven N Hobbie. Efficacy of EBL-1003 (apramycin) against Acinetobacter baumannii lung infections in mice. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2021 Sep; 27(9):1315-1321. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.004. [PMID: 33316399]
  • Tomás Sou, Jon Hansen, Edgars Liepinsh, Maria Backlund, Onur Ercan, Solveiga Grinberga, Sha Cao, Paraskevi Giachou, Anna Petersson, Magdalena Tomczak, Malgorzata Urbas, Dorota Zabicka, Carina Vingsbo Lundberg, Diarmaid Hughes, Sven N Hobbie, Lena E Friberg. Model-Informed Drug Development for Antimicrobials: Translational PK and PK/PD Modeling to Predict an Efficacious Human Dose for Apramycin. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2021 04; 109(4):1063-1073. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2104. [PMID: 33150591]
  • Yuqi Yang, Tianshi Xiao, Jiarui Li, Ping Cheng, Fulei Li, Hongxiao Yu, Ruimeng Liu, Ishfaq Muhammad, Xiuying Zhang. Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli. BMC veterinary research. 2020 Aug; 16(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02522-0. [PMID: 32847547]
  • Coral García-Gutiérrez, Tomás Aparicio, Lucía Torres-Sánchez, Esteban Martínez-García, Víctor de Lorenzo, Claudio J Villar, Felipe Lombó. Multifunctional SEVA shuttle vectors for actinomycetes and Gram-negative bacteria. MicrobiologyOpen. 2020 06; 9(6):1135-1149. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1024. [PMID: 32170856]
  • Sivan Louzoun Zada, Bar Ben Baruch, Luba Simhaev, Hamutal Engel, Micha Fridman. Chemical Modifications Reduce Auditory Cell Damage Induced by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2020 02; 142(6):3077-3087. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b12420. [PMID: 31958945]
  • Anthony D Kang, Kenneth P Smith, Anders H Berg, Katherine A Truelson, George M Eliopoulos, Christopher McCoy, James E Kirby. Efficacy of Apramycin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Murine Neutropenic Thigh Model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2018 04; 62(4):. doi: 10.1128/aac.02585-17. [PMID: 29339396]
  • Khaled H Almabruk, Jeff H Chang, Taifo Mahmud. Total Synthesis of (±)-Isoperbergins and Correction of the Chemical Structure of Perbergin. Journal of natural products. 2016 09; 79(9):2391-6. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00621. [PMID: 27588436]
  • Ana Herrero-Fresno, Camilla Zachariasen, Monica Hegstad Hansen, Alexander Nielsen, Rene S Hendriksen, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, John Elmerdahl Olsen. Apramycin treatment affects selection and spread of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain able to colonize the human gut in the intestinal microbiota of pigs. Veterinary research. 2016 Jan; 47(?):12. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0291-z. [PMID: 26739225]
  • Suk-Kyung Lim, Hyang-Mi Nam, Hee-Soo Lee, Ae-Ran Kim, Gum-Chan Jang, Suk-Chan Jung, Tae-Sun Kim. Prevalence and characterization of apramycin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolated from healthy and diseased pigs in Korea during 1998 through 2009. Journal of food protection. 2013 Aug; 76(8):1443-6. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-069. [PMID: 23905803]
  • Yanfei Tao, Dongmei Chen, Huan Yu, Lingli Huang, Zhaoying Liu, Xiaoqin Cao, Caixia Yan, Yuanhu Pan, Zhenli Liu, Zonghui Yuan. Simultaneous determination of 15 aminoglycoside(s) residues in animal derived foods by automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food chemistry. 2012 Nov; 135(2):676-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.086. [PMID: 22868145]
  • Praveen Kumar, Antoni Rúbies, Ramon Companyó, Francesc Centrich. Determination of aminoglycoside residues in kidney and honey samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of separation science. 2012 Oct; 35(20):2710-7. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200344. [PMID: 23065931]
  • C K V Nonaka, A M G Oliveira, C R Paiva, M P Almeida, C P Rezende, C G O Moraes, B G Botelho, L F Souza, P G Dias. Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in Brazilian food animals in 2008 and 2009. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2012; 29(4):526-34. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.625649. [PMID: 22129165]
  • Zhoutong Sun, Yuanyuan Ning, Lixia Liu, Yingmiao Liu, Bingbing Sun, Weihong Jiang, Chen Yang, Sheng Yang. Metabolic engineering of the L-phenylalanine pathway in Escherichia coli for the production of S- or R-mandelic acid. Microbial cell factories. 2011 Sep; 10(?):71. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-71. [PMID: 21910908]
  • Lia Danelishvili, Jamie L Everman, Michael J McNamara, Luiz E Bermudez. Inhibition of the Plasma-Membrane-Associated Serine Protease Cathepsin G by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3364c Suppresses Caspase-1 and Pyroptosis in Macrophages. Frontiers in microbiology. 2011; 2(?):281. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00281. [PMID: 22275911]
  • Lin Zhang, Guoping Zhao, Xiaoming Ding. Tandem assembly of the epothilone biosynthetic gene cluster by in vitro site-specific recombination. Scientific reports. 2011; 1(?):141. doi: 10.1038/srep00141. [PMID: 22355658]
  • Martin Saxtorph Bojer, Carsten Struve, Hanne Ingmer, Dennis Schrøder Hansen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt. Heat resistance mediated by a new plasmid encoded Clp ATPase, ClpK, as a possible novel mechanism for nosocomial persistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PloS one. 2010 Nov; 5(11):e15467. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015467. [PMID: 21085699]
  • Mohamed O Ahmed, Peter D Clegg, Nicola J Williams, Keith E Baptiste, Malcolm Bennett. Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from North West England. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials. 2010 Apr; 9(?):12. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-12. [PMID: 20374640]
  • Paulo Martins da Costa, Anabela Belo, José Gonçalves, Fernando Bernardo. Field trial evaluating changes in prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from growing broilers medicated with enrofloxacin, apramycin and amoxicillin. Veterinary microbiology. 2009 Nov; 139(3-4):284-92. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.006. [PMID: 19581058]
  • Roberto Cabrera, Joaquím Ruiz, Javier Sánchez-Céspedes, Pilar Goñi, Rafael Gómez-Lus, M Teresa Jiménez de Anta, Joaquím Gascón, Jordi Vila. Characterization of the enzyme aac(3)-Id in a clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Haifa causing traveler's diarrhea. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica. 2009 Oct; 27(8):453-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.11.016. [PMID: 19403206]
  • Ming-Ta Wang, Ming-Han Liu, C R Chris Wang, Sarah Y Chang. Silver-coated gold nanoparticles as concentrating probes and matrices for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of aminoglycosides. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2009 Oct; 20(10):1925-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.06.018. [PMID: 19682921]
  • Kanako Ishihara, Toshio Takahashi, Ayako Morioka, Akemi Kojima, Mayumi Kijima, Tetsuo Asai, Yutaka Tamura. National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. 2009 Aug; 51(?):35. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-51-35. [PMID: 19703311]
  • Ying-Tsong Chen, Tsai-Lien Liao, Keh-Ming Wu, Tsai-Ling Lauderdale, Jing-Jou Yan, I-Wen Huang, Min-Chi Lu, Yi-Chyi Lai, Yen-Ming Liu, Hung-Yu Shu, Jin-Town Wang, Ih-Jen Su, Shih-Feng Tsai. Genomic diversity of citrate fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC microbiology. 2009 Aug; 9(?):168. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-168. [PMID: 19682387]
  • Pengfei Xie, Ana Zeng, Zhongjun Qin. cmdABCDEF, a cluster of genes encoding membrane proteins for differentiation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). BMC microbiology. 2009 Aug; 9(?):157. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-157. [PMID: 19650935]
  • Dimitrichka Dimitrova, Rumyana Moutafchieva, Ivan Kanelov, Toncho Dinev, Lyubomir Lashev. Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in ducks and sex-related differences. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997). 2009 Mar; 179(3):462-4. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.003. [PMID: 18006340]
  • Alan G Mathew, Sukanya Rattanatabtimtong, Charles M Nyachoti, Lin Fang. Effects of in-feed egg yolk antibodies on Salmonella shedding, bacterial antibiotic resistance, and health of pigs. Journal of food protection. 2009 Feb; 72(2):267-73. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.267. [PMID: 19350971]
  • R Ishii, M Horie, W Chan, J MacNeil. Multi-residue quantitation of aminoglycoside antibiotics in kidney and meat by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2008 Dec; 25(12):1509-19. doi: 10.1080/02652030802189740. [PMID: 19680860]
  • C García-Feliz, J A Collazos, A Carvajal, S Herrera, M A Echeita, P Rubio. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from apparently healthy and clinically ill finishing pigs in Spain. Zoonoses and public health. 2008 May; 55(4):195-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01110.x. [PMID: 18387141]
  • G J Gunn, M Hall, E A Hunter, J C Low. Evaluation of a survey approach to estimating the prevalence of cattle carrying antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997). 2008 Mar; 175(3):416-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.004. [PMID: 17448712]
  • Abdolvahab Farzan, Robert M Friendship, Cornelis Poppe, Laura Martin, Catherine E Dewey, Julie Funk. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium DTI04 on Ontario swine farms. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. 2008; 72(2):188-94. doi: . [PMID: 18505209]
  • Holy T Akwar, Cornelis Poppe, Jeff Wilson, Richard J Reid-Smith, Monica Dyck, Josh Waddington, Dayue Shang, Scott A McEwen. Associations of antimicrobial uses with antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli from pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and British Columbia. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. 2008; 72(2):202-10. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18505211]
  • Roberto Colangeli, Danica Helb, Catherine Vilchèze, Manzour Hernando Hazbón, Chee-Gun Lee, Hassan Safi, Brendan Sayers, Irene Sardone, Marcus B Jones, Robert D Fleischmann, Scott N Peterson, William R Jacobs, David Alland. Transcriptional regulation of multi-drug tolerance and antibiotic-induced responses by the histone-like protein Lsr2 in M. tuberculosis. PLoS pathogens. 2007 Jun; 3(6):e87. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030087. [PMID: 17590082]
  • D V Hoyle, H C Davison, H I Knight, C M Yates, O Dobay, G J Gunn, S G B Amyes, M E J Woolhouse. Molecular characterisation of bovine faecal Escherichia coli shows persistence of defined ampicillin resistant strains and the presence of class 1 integrons on an organic beef farm. Veterinary microbiology. 2006 Jun; 115(1-3):250-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.006. [PMID: 16490325]
  • K Horosová, D Bujnáková, V Kmet. Effect of oregano essential oil on chicken lactobacilli and E. coli. Folia microbiologica. 2006; 51(4):278-80. doi: 10.1007/bf02931812. [PMID: 17007424]
  • Heather Mispagel, Jeffrey T Gray. Antibiotic resistance from wastewater oxidation ponds. Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation. 2005 Nov; 77(7):2996-3002. doi: 10.2175/106143005x73875. [PMID: 16381146]
  • Lei Chen, Hao Yu, Yinhua Lu, Weihong Jiang. Cloning and preliminary characterization of lh3 gene encoding a putative acetyltransferase from a rifamycin SV-producing strain Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Biotechnology letters. 2005 Aug; 27(15):1129-34. doi: 10.1007/s10529-005-8462-z. [PMID: 16132864]
  • Dana Cole, David J V Drum, David E Stalknecht, David G White, Margie D Lee, Sherry Ayers, Mark Sobsey, John J Maurer. Free-living Canada geese and antimicrobial resistance. Emerging infectious diseases. 2005 Jun; 11(6):935-8. doi: 10.3201/eid1106.040717. [PMID: 15963291]
  • Bruno González-Zorn, Tirushet Teshager, María Casas, María C Porrero, Miguel A Moreno, Patrice Courvalin, Lucas Domínguez. armA and aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli. Emerging infectious diseases. 2005 Jun; 11(6):954-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1106.040553. [PMID: 15963296]
  • A G Mathew, K N Garner, P D Ebner, A M Saxton, R E Clift, S Liamthong. Effects of antibiotic use in sows on resistance of E. coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in their offspring. Foodborne pathogens and disease. 2005; 2(3):212-20. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.212. [PMID: 16156702]
  • Jiro Kondo, Boris François, Alexandre Urzhumtsev, Eric Westhof. Crystallographic studies of Homo sapiens ribosomal decoding A site complexed with aminoglycosides. Nucleic acids symposium series (2004). 2005; ?(49):253-4. doi: 10.1093/nass/49.1.253. [PMID: 17150729]
  • L M Kim, Jeffery T Gray, Barry G Harmon, Richard D Jones, Paula J Fedorka-Cray. Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from growing piglets receiving antimicrobial feed additives. Foodborne pathogens and disease. 2005; 2(4):304-16. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.304. [PMID: 16366853]
  • Andrijana Rajić, Margaret E McFall, Anne E Deckert, Richard Reid-Smith, Ken Manninen, Cornelius Poppe, Catherine E Dewey, Scott A McEwen. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from finishing swine and the environment of 60 Alberta swine farms. Veterinary microbiology. 2004 Dec; 104(3-4):189-96. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.09.013. [PMID: 15564027]
  • C M Yates, M C Pearce, M E J Woolhouse, S G B Amyes. High frequency transfer and horizontal spread of apramycin resistance in calf faecal Escherichia coli. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2004 Aug; 54(2):534-7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh353. [PMID: 15231771]
  • Deborah V Hoyle, Hazel I Knight, Darren J Shaw, Kevin Hillman, Michael C Pearce, J Chris Low, George J Gunn, Mark E J Woolhouse. Acquisition and epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in a cohort of newborn calves. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2004 May; 53(5):867-71. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh177. [PMID: 15056641]
  • F C Guo, B A Williams, R P Kwakkel, H S Li, X P Li, J Y Luo, W K Li, M W A Verstegen. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. Poultry science. 2004 Feb; 83(2):175-82. doi: 10.1093/ps/83.2.175. [PMID: 14979567]
  • T S Edrington, C L Schultz, K M Bischoff, T R Callaway, M L Looper, K J Genovese, Y S Jung, J L McReynolds, R C Anderson, D J Nisbet. Antimicrobial resistance and serotype prevalence of Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle in the southwestern United States. Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.). 2004; 10(1):51-6. doi: 10.1089/107662904323047808. [PMID: 15140394]
  • K M Bischoff, T S Edrington, T R Callaway, K J Genovese, D J Nisbet. Characterization of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Kinshasa from dairy calves in Texas. Letters in applied microbiology. 2004; 38(2):140-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2003.01476.x. [PMID: 14746546]
  • Alan G Mathew, Debbie B Arnett, Patricia Cullen, Paul D Ebner. Characterization of resistance patterns and detection of apramycin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from swine exposed to various environmental conditions. International journal of food microbiology. 2003 Dec; 89(1):11-20. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00124-7. [PMID: 14580969]
  • Ingrid Feder, F Morgan Wallace, Jeffrey T Gray, Pina Fratamico, Paula J Fedorka-Cray, Rachel A Pearce, Jeffrey E Call, Richard Perrine, John B Luchansky. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from intact colon fecal samples of swine. Emerging infectious diseases. 2003 Mar; 9(3):380-3. doi: 10.3201/eid0903.020350. [PMID: 12643837]
  • Xiao-Ming Ding, Ni Zhang, Yong-Qiang Tian, Wei-Hong Jiang, Guo-Ping Zhao, Rui-Sheng Jiao. [Establishment of gene replacement/disruption system through homologous recombination in Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32]. Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology. 2002 Jul; 18(4):431-7. doi: . [PMID: 12385238]
  • K Pedersen, H C Hansen, J C Jørgensen, B Borck. Serovars of Salmonella isolated from Danish turkeys between 1995 and 2000 and their antimicrobial resistance. The Veterinary record. 2002 Apr; 150(15):471-4. doi: 10.1136/vr.150.15.471. [PMID: 11995678]
  • T S Edrington, R B Harvey, L A Farrington, D J Nisbet. Evaluation of subtherapeutic use of the antibiotics apramycin and carbadox on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella infection in swine. Journal of food protection. 2001 Dec; 64(12):2067-70. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.2067. [PMID: 11770640]
  • P D Ebner, A G Mathew. Effects of antibiotic regimens on the fecal shedding patterns of pigs infected with salmonella typhimurium. Journal of food protection. 2000 Jun; 63(6):709-14. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.6.709. [PMID: 10852562]
  • D J Sweeney, M R Coleman. Determination of apramycin in swine kidney tissue by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Journal of AOAC International. 1998 Nov; 81(6):1141-5. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/81.6.1141. [PMID: 9850575]
  • A G Mathew, W G Upchurch, S E Chattin. Incidence of antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolated from commercial swine farms. Journal of animal science. 1998 Feb; 76(2):429-34. doi: 10.2527/1998.762429x. [PMID: 9498348]
  • N A Afifi, A Ramadan. Kinetic disposition, systemic bioavailability and tissue distribution of apramycin in broiler chickens. Research in veterinary science. 1997 May; 62(3):249-52. doi: 10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90199-5. [PMID: 9300543]
  • G Ziv, B Kurtz, R Risenberg, A Glickman. Serum and milk concentrations of apramycin in lactating cows, ewes and goats. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 1995 Oct; 18(5):346-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00602.x. [PMID: 8587152]
  • A P Johnson, M Malde, N Woodford, R J Cunney, E G Smyth. Urinary isolates of apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dublin. Epidemiology and infection. 1995 Feb; 114(1):105-12. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800051955. [PMID: 7867728]
  • J E Hunter, M Bennett, C A Hart, J C Shelley, J R Walton. Apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and a stockman. Epidemiology and infection. 1994 Jun; 112(3):473-80. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800051177. [PMID: 8005213]
  • L D Lashev, D A Pashov, T N Marinkov. Interspecies differences in the pharmacokinetics of kanamycin and apramycin. Veterinary research communications. 1992; 16(4):293-300. doi: 10.1007/bf01839328. [PMID: 1466147]
  • I Shikha. [Apramycin blood concentrations and distribution in the body of calves after different methods of administration]. Veterinarno-meditsinski nauki. 1987; 24(1):64-71. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3617468]
  • E Chaslus-Dancla, J L Martel, C Carlier, J P Lafont, P Courvalin. Emergence of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase IV in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from animals in France. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1986 Feb; 29(2):239-43. doi: 10.1128/aac.29.2.239. [PMID: 3521474]
  • P J Freidlin, R Bock, A Bernath, S Hoexter, G Ziv, A Fromer, Z Perlstein, S Tomer, Y Samberg. Apramycin: minimal inhibitory concentrations for avian Escherichia coli and serum levels after intramuscular injection in turkeys. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 1985 Mar; 8(1):105-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00931.x. [PMID: 3886930]
  • G Ziv, A Bor, S Soback, D Elad, J F Nouws. Clinical pharmacology of apramycin in calves. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 1985 Mar; 8(1):95-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00930.x. [PMID: 3989905]