Subcellular Location: intermediate filament cytoskeleton

Vincamine

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

Vincamine is a vinca alkaloid, an alkaloid ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a methyl ester and a hemiaminal. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a vasodilator agent and a metabolite. It is functionally related to an eburnamenine. Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid obtained from the leaves of *Vinca minor* with a vasodilatory property. Studies indicate that vincamine increases the regional cerebral blood flow. Vincamine is a natural product found in Vinca difformis, Vinca major, and other organisms with data available. A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders. Vincamine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1617-90-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1617-90-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2]. Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2].

(R)-Kawain

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

Kawain is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Kavain is a natural product found in Piper methysticum, Alnus sieboldiana, and Piper majusculum with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). (R)-Kawain is found in beverages. (R)-Kawain is found in the roots of kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002). Found in the roots of kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002) D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1].

Decursin

C19H20O5 (328.1311)

Decursin is a member of coumarins. Decursin is a natural product found in Scutellaria lateriflora, Angelica glauca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). D020536 - Enzyme Activators Decursinol angelate is a natural product found in Angelica glauca and Angelica gigas with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursinol angelate, a cytotoxic and protein kinase C (PKC) activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Pinocembrin

C15H12O4 (256.0736)

Pinocembrin is a dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a vasodilator agent, a neuroprotective agent and a metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. Pinocembrin is a natural product found in Prunus leveilleana, Alpinia rafflesiana, and other organisms with data available. Pinocembrin is found in mexican oregano and is isolated from many plants including food plants. Pinocembrin belongs to the family of flavanones. These are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, which structure is characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. Isolated from many plants including food plants. (S)-Pinocembrin is found in mexican oregano and pine nut. (±)-Pinocembrin ((±)-5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a GPR120 ligand able to promote wound healing in HaCaT cell line[1]. (±)-Pinocembrin ((±)-5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a GPR120 ligand able to promote wound healing in HaCaT cell line[1]. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties[1].

L-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

Tyrosine (Tyr) or L-tyrosine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tyrosine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tyrosine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid. Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it – usually from phenylalanine. The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, a monooxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction causing the addition of a hydroxyl group to the end of the 6-carbon aromatic ring of phenylalanine, such that it becomes tyrosine. Tyrosine is found in many high-protein food products such as chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy products, lima beans, avocados and bananas. Tyrosine is one of the few amino acids that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the bodys sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, including thyroid hormones (diiodotyrosine), catecholestrogens and the major human pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the bodys natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism have been identified, such as hawkinsinuria and tyrosinemia I. The most common feature of these diseases is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements can help reverse these disease symptoms. Some adults also develop elevated tyrosine in their blood. This typically indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can help aleviate biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for treating psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-Dopa, which is directly used in Parkinsons, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinsons. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-Dopa (http://www.dcnutrition.com). In addition to its role as a precursor for neurotransmitters, tyrosine plays an important role for the function of many proteins. Within many proteins or enzymes, certain tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group (phosphorylated) by specialized protein kinases. In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine. Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity. Tyrosine (or its precursor phenylalanine) is also needed to synthesize the benzoquinone structure which forms part of coenzyme Q10. L-tyrosine is an optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration. It has a role as an EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient and a fundamental metabolite. It is an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a tyrosine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is functionally related to a L-tyrosinal. It is a conjugate base of a L-tyrosinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-tyrosinate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-tyrosine. It is a tautomer of a L-tyrosine zwitterion. Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from [phenylalanine]. It is also the precursor of [epinephrine], thyroid hormones, and melanin. L-Tyrosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). L-Tyrosine is the levorotatory isomer of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. L-tyrosine is a naturally occurring tyrosine and is synthesized in vivo from L-phenylalanine. It is considered a non-essential amino acid; however, in patients with phenylketonuria who lack phenylalanine hydroxylase and cannot convert phenylalanine into tyrosine, it is considered an essential nutrient. In vivo, tyrosine plays a role in protein synthesis and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of catecholamines, thyroxine, and melanin. Tyrosine is an essential amino acid that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the bodys sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, thyroid, catecholestrogens and the major human pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the bodys natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism occur. Most common is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood of premature infants, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements reverse the disease. Some adults also develop elevated tyrosine in their blood. This indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can cure biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-dopa, which is directly used in Parkinsons, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinsons. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-dopa. A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin. Dietary supplement, nutrient. Flavouring ingredient. L-Tyrosine is found in many foods, some of which are blue crab, sweet rowanberry, lemon sole, and alpine sweetvetch. An optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration. L-Tyrosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=60-18-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 60-18-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

C11H14O3 (194.0943)

D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Isobutylparaben is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester.

L-Phenylalanine

C9H11NO2 (165.079)

Phenylalanine (Phe), also known as L-phenylalanine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-phenylalanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Phenylalanine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aromatic, non-polar amino acid. In humans, phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, phenylalanine is also a precursor for catecholamines including tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that act as adrenalin-like substances. Interestingly, several psychotropic drugs (mescaline, morphine, codeine, and papaverine) also have phenylalanine as a constituent. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in the human brain and plasma. Normal metabolism of phenylalanine requires biopterin, iron, niacin, vitamin B6, copper, and vitamin C. An average adult ingests 5 g of phenylalanine per day and may optimally need up to 8 g daily. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in a number of high protein foods, such as meat, cottage cheese, and wheat germ. An additional dietary source of phenylalanine is artificial sweeteners containing aspartame (a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide). As a general rule, aspartame should be avoided by phenylketonurics and pregnant women. When present in sufficiently high levels, phenylalanine can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of phenylalanine are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including Hartnup disorder, hyperphenylalaninemia due to guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency, phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart syndrome), and tyrosinemia type III (TYRO3). Phenylketonurics have elevated serum plasma levels of phenylalanine up to 400 times normal. High plasma concentrations of phenylalanine influence the blood-brain barrier transport of large neutral amino acids. The high plasma phenylalanine concentrations increase phenylalanine entry into the brain and restrict the entry of other large neutral amino acids (PMID: 19191004). Phenylalanine has been found to interfere with different cerebral enzyme systems. Untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioural problems, and mental disorders. It may also result in a musty smell and lighter skin. Classic PKU dramatically affects myelination and white matter tracts in untreated infants; this may be one major cause of neurological disorders associated with phenylketonuria. Mild phenylketonuria can act as an unsuspected cause of hyperactivity, learning problems, and other developmental problems in children. It has been recently suggested that PKU may resemble amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease, due to the formation of toxic amyloid-like assemblies of phenylalanine (PMID: 22706200). Phenylalanine also has some potential benefits. Phenylalanine can act as an effective pain reliever. Its use in premenstrual syndrome and Parkinsons may enhance the effects of acupuncture and electric transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Phenylalanine and tyrosine, like L-DOPA, produce a catecholamine-like effect. Phenylalanine is better absorbed than tyrosine and may cause fewer headaches. Low phenylalanine diets have been prescribed for certain cancers with mixed results. For instance, some tumours use more phen... L-phenylalanine is an odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. pH (1\\\\\\% aqueous solution) 5.4 to 6. (NTP, 1992) L-phenylalanine is the L-enantiomer of phenylalanine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. It is an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a phenylalanine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-phenylalaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-phenylalaninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-phenylalanine. It is a tautomer of a L-phenylalanine zwitterion. Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin, [dopamine], [noradrenalin] (norepinephrine), and [thyroxine]. L-Phenylalanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid in humans (provided by food), Phenylalanine plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino acids and is important in the structure and function of many proteins and enzymes. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, used in the biosynthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters. The L-form of Phenylalanine is incorporated into proteins, while the D-form acts as a painkiller. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by Phenylalanine is used to quantify protein amounts. (NCI04) Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor for the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, it is the precursor of catecholamines in the body (tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The psychotropic drugs (mescaline, morphine, codeine, and papaverine) also have phenylalanine as a constituent. Phenylalanine is a precursor of the neurotransmitters called catecholamines, which are adrenalin-like substances. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in the human brain and plasma. Normal metabolism of phenylalanine requires biopterin, iron, niacin, vitamin B6, copper and vitamin C. An average adult ingests 5 g of phenylalanine per day and may optimally need up to 8 g daily. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in high protein foods, such as meat, cottage cheese and wheat germ. A new dietary source of phenylalanine is artificial sweeteners containing aspartame. Aspartame appears to be nutritious except in hot beverages; however, it should be avoided by phenylketonurics and pregnant women. Phenylketonurics, who have a genetic error of phenylalanine metabolism, have elevated serum plasma levels of phenylalanine up to 400 times normal. Mild phenylketonuria can be an unsuspected cause of hyperactivity, learning problems, and other developmental problems in children. Phenylalanine can be an effective pain reliever. Its use in premenstrual syndrome and Parkinsons may enhance the effects of acupuncture and electric transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Phenylalanine and tyrosine, like L-dopa, produce a catecholamine effect. Phenylalanine is better absorbed than tyrosine and may cause fewer headaches. Low phenylalanine diets have been prescribed for certain cancers with mixed results. Some tumors use more phenylalanine (particularly melatonin-producing tumors called melanoma). One strategy is to exclude this amino acid from the diet, i.e., a Phenylketonuria (PKU) diet (compliance is a difficult issue; it is hard to quantify and is under-researched). The other strategy is just to increase phenylalanines competing amino acids, i.e., tryptophan, valine, isoleucine and leucine, but not tyrosine. An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. See also: Plovamer (monomer of); Plovamer Acetate (monomer of) ... View More ... L-phenylalanine, also known as phe or f, belongs to phenylalanine and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-phenylalanine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-phenylalanine can be found in watermelon, which makes L-phenylalanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. L-phenylalanine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including sweat, blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as throughout all human tissues. L-phenylalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, L-phenylalanine is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism and transcription/Translation. L-phenylalanine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia type 2 (or richner-hanhart syndrome), and tyrosinemia type 3 (TYRO3). Moreover, L-phenylalanine is found to be associated with viral infection, dengue fever, hypothyroidism, and myocardial infarction. L-phenylalanine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phenylalanine (Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula C 9H 11NO 2. It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino acid is classified as neutral, and nonpolar because of the inert and hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. The L-isomer is used to biochemically form proteins, coded for by DNA. The codons for L-phenylalanine are UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine; the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline); and the skin pigment melanin . Hepatic. L-phenylalanine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it undergoes metabolic reactions similar to those that take place in the liver (DrugBank). If PKU is diagnosed early, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development, but only by managing and controlling phenylalanine levels through diet, or a combination of diet and medication. The diet requires severely restricting or eliminating foods high in phenylalanine, such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, nuts, cheese, legumes, milk and other dairy products. Starchy foods, such as potatoes, bread, pasta, and corn, must be monitored. Optimal health ranges (or "target ranges") of serum phenylalanine are between 120 and 360 µmol/L, and aimed to be achieved during at least the first 10 years of life. Recently it has been found that a chiral isomer of L-phenylalanine (called D-phenylalanine) actually arrests the fibril formation by L-phenylalanine and gives rise to flakes. These flakes do not propagate further and prevent amyloid formation by L-phenylalanine. D-phenylalanine may qualify as a therapeutic molecule in phenylketonuria (A8161) (T3DB). L-Phenylalanine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=63-91-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 63-91-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4]. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4]. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].

Hocogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Hecogenin is a triterpenoid. Hecogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Allium rotundum, and other organisms with data available.

Yangonin

C15H14O4 (258.0892)

Yangonin is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Yangonin is a natural product found in Piper methysticum, Ranunculus silerifolius, and Piper majusculum with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). Yangonin is found in beverages. Yangonin is found in kava root (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002). Found in kava root (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002) Yangonin exhibits affinity for the human recombinant cannabinoid CB1 receptor with an IC50 and a Ki of 1.79 μM and 0.72 μM, respectively. Yangonin exhibits affinity for the human recombinant cannabinoid CB1 receptor with an IC50 and a Ki of 1.79 μM and 0.72 μM, respectively.

Alisol

C30H48O4 (472.3552)

Alisol B is a triterpenoid. Alisol B is a natural product found in Alisma, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and other organisms with data available. Alisol B is a potentially novel therapeutic compound for bone disorders by targeting the differentiation of osteoclasts as well as their functions. IC50 Value: Target: In vitro: The in vitro cultured human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were intervened with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), 0.1 micromol C3a, and 0.1 micromol C3a + 10 micromol alisol B, respectively. Exogenous C3a could induce renal tubular EMT. Alisol B was capable of suppressing C3a induced EMT [1]. Alisol-B strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of cultures, suggesting that alisol-B acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Among the RANK signaling pathways, alisol-B inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, which are upregulated in response to RANKL in bone marrow macrophages, alisol-B also inhibited RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are key transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, alisol-B suppressed the pit-forming activity and disrupted the actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts [2]. Alisol B induced calcium mobilization from internal stores, leading to autophagy through the activation of the CaMKK-AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Moreover, the disruption of calcium homeostasis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein responses in alisol B-treated cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. Finally, by computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays, it was showed that the molecular target of alisol B is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase [3]. In vivo: Alisol B is a potentially novel therapeutic compound for bone disorders by targeting the differentiation of osteoclasts as well as their functions. IC50 Value: Target: In vitro: The in vitro cultured human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were intervened with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), 0.1 micromol C3a, and 0.1 micromol C3a + 10 micromol alisol B, respectively. Exogenous C3a could induce renal tubular EMT. Alisol B was capable of suppressing C3a induced EMT [1]. Alisol-B strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of cultures, suggesting that alisol-B acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Among the RANK signaling pathways, alisol-B inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, which are upregulated in response to RANKL in bone marrow macrophages, alisol-B also inhibited RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are key transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, alisol-B suppressed the pit-forming activity and disrupted the actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts [2]. Alisol B induced calcium mobilization from internal stores, leading to autophagy through the activation of the CaMKK-AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Moreover, the disruption of calcium homeostasis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein responses in alisol B-treated cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. Finally, by computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays, it was showed that the molecular target of alisol B is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase [3]. In vivo:

Worenin

C20H16NO4+ (334.1079)

Worenine is an alkaloid.

(S)-[10]-Gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

(10)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (10)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). (S)-[10]-Gingerol is found in ginger. (S)-[10]-Gingerol is a constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. (S)-[10]-Gingerol is found in herbs and spices and ginger. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

Dmask

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Dmask is a natural product found in Arnebia hispidissima with data available. Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.3705)

Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\\\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia. Campesterol is a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane. Campesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available. Campesterol is a steroid derivative that is the simplest sterol, characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and saturated bonds throughout the sterol structure, with the exception of the 5-6 double bond in the B ring. Campesterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-62-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-62-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

tigogenin

C27H44O3 (416.329)

Tigogenin is a widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs. It has a role as a gout suppressant and a plant metabolite. Tigogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline australis, Yucca gloriosa, and other organisms with data available. A widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs. Tigogenin, also known as sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5alpha,25s)-isomer or smilagenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, tigogenin is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Tigogenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tigogenin can be found in fenugreek, which makes tigogenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Tigogenin, one of steroidal sapogenins, is widely used for synthesizing steroid agents. Tigogenin inhibits adipocytic differentiation and induces osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells[1]. Tigogenin, one of steroidal sapogenins, is widely used for synthesizing steroid agents. Tigogenin inhibits adipocytic differentiation and induces osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells[1].

3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid

C9H10O5 (198.0528)

3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of catechols. It is functionally related to a rac-lactic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate. 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid is a natural product found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia sonchifolia, and other organisms with data available. 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid is a natural catecholamine metabolite present in normal newborns plasma (PMID 1391254) and in normal urine (PMID 7460271) [HMDB]. 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid is found in rosemary. 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid is a natural catecholamine metabolite present in normal newborns plasma (PMID 1391254) and in normal urine (PMID 7460271).

indicine

C15H25NO5 (299.1733)

Rinderine is a member of pyrrolizines. Rinderine is a natural product found in Chromolaena odorata, Eupatorium japonicum, and other organisms with data available.

Tolvin

C18H21ClN2 (300.1393)

A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent Mianserin hydrochloride (Org GB 94) is a H1 receptor inverse agonist and is a psychoactive agent of the tetracyclic antidepressant. Mianserin hydrochloride (Org GB 94) is a H1 receptor inverse agonist and is a psychoactive agent of the tetracyclic antidepressant.

Adenosine triphosphate

C10H16N5O13P3 (506.9957)

Adenosine triphosphate, also known as atp or atriphos, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates are purine ribobucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Adenosine triphosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Adenosine triphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as lichee, alpine sweetvetch, pecan nut, and black mulberry, which makes adenosine triphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Adenosine triphosphate can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. Adenosine triphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, adenosine triphosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), carteolol action pathway, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/15:0), and carfentanil action pathway. Adenosine triphosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (wolman disease), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), propionic acidemia, and the oncogenic action of d-2-hydroxyglutarate in hydroxygluaricaciduria. Moreover, adenosine triphosphate is found to be associated with rachialgia, neuroinfection, stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adenosine triphosphate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Adenosine triphosphate is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalanc. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts to either the di- or monophosphates, respectively ADP and AMP. Other processes regenerate ATP such that the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA . ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis (DrugBank). Metabolism of organophosphates occurs principally by oxidation, by hydrolysis via esterases and by reaction with glutathione. Demethylation and glucuronidation may also occur. Oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides may result in moderately toxic products. In general, phosphorothioates are not directly toxic but require oxidative metabolism to the proximal toxin. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. PON1 hydrolyzes the active metabolites in several organophosphates insecticides as well as, nerve agents such as soman, sarin, and VX. The presence of PON1 polymorphisms causes there to be different enzyme levels and catalytic efficiency of this esterase, which in turn suggests that different individuals may be more susceptible to the toxic effect of organophosphate exposure (T3DB). ATP is an adenosine 5-phosphate in which the 5-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is an adenosine 5-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5-triphosphate. It is a conjugate acid of an ATP(3-). An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine-5-triphosphate is a natural product found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine Triphosphate is an adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells. Adenosine triphosphate is involved in energy production for metabolic processes and RNA synthesis. In addition, this substance acts as a neurotransmitter. In cancer studies, adenosine triphosphate is synthesized to examine its use to decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (A3367, A3368, A3369, A3370, A3371). Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473). 5′-ATP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-65-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-65-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Secoisolariciresinol

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

Secoisolariciresinol, also known as knotolan or secoisolariciresinol, (r*,s*)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as dibenzylbutanediol lignans. Dibenzylbutanediol lignans are lignan compounds containing a 2,3-dibenzylbutane-1,4-diol moiety. Secoisolariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Secoisolariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as grape, saskatoon berry, asparagus, and sweet potato, which makes secoisolariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Secoisolariciresinol can be found primarily in urine. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoid. It is present in the water extract of silver fir wood, where its content is more than 5 \\\\% . (-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol. Secoisolariciresinol has been used in trials studying the prevention of Breast Cancer. Secoisolariciresinol is a natural product found in Fitzroya cupressoides, Crossosoma bigelovii, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.

Vanilloside

C14H18O8 (314.1002)

Glucovanillin is a glycoside. Glucovanillin is a natural product found in Dendrobium moniliforme, Stereospermum cylindricum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Elymus repens root (part of). Vanilloside is found in cereals and cereal products. Vanilloside is isolated from oat Isolated from oats. Vanilloside is found in oat and cereals and cereal products. Glucovanillin extracted from Vanilla planifolia Andrews and simultaneously transformed to vanillin by a combination of enzyme activities involving cell wall degradation and glucovanillin hydrolysis.

Mezerein

C38H38O10 (654.2465)

Crystals or white powder. (NTP, 1992) Mezerein is a diterpenoid. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Retronecine

C8H13NO2 (155.0946)

Retronecine is a member of pyrrolizines. Retronecine is a natural product found in Senecio nebrodensis, Lappula spinocarpos, and other organisms with data available. Retronecine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants in the genera Senecio and Crotalaria, and the family Boraginaceae. It is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

(R)-Menthofuran

C10H14O (150.1045)

Menthofuran is a monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6. It has a role as a nematicide and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 1-benzofurans and a monoterpenoid. Menthofuran is a natural product found in Methanobacterium and Mentha pulegium with data available. Constituent of peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) and other Mentha subspecies as minor but essential organoleptic. It is used in peppermint oil formulations. (R)-Menthofuran is found in mentha (mint), orange mint, and herbs and spices. (R)-Menthofuran is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Menthofuran is a constituent of peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) and other Mentha species as minor but essential organoleptic. (R)-Menthofuran is used in peppermint oil formulations A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.

Cernuine

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Aureusidin is a hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an aurone. It is a conjugate acid of an aureusidin-6-olate. Aureusidin is a natural product found in Eleocharis dulcis, Eleocharis pallens, and other organisms with data available. Cernuine is found in citrus. Cernuine is isolated from Citrus medica (citron). Isolated from Citrus medica (citron). Cernuine is found in lemon and citrus. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1].

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid

C9H8O3 (164.0473)

2-coumaric acid, also known as o-coumaric acid, is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acids: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been found in a few different foods, such as corns, hard wheats, and olives and in a lower concentration in pomegranates, american cranberries, and peanuts. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, soy beans, ryes, rye bread, and turmerics. Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. o-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, date, bilberry, and corn. 2-coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Mikania glomerata, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. o-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=583-17-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 583-17-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

(R)-Carvone

C10H14O (150.1045)

Carvone, with R and S isomers, also known as carvol or limonen-6-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. p-Menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m-menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Carvone is a neutral compound. Carvone is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many essential oils but is most abundant in the oils from caraway seeds (Carum carvi), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill (PMID:27427817). Carvone is a volatile terpenoid found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Carvone is occasionally found as a component of biological fluids in normal individuals. Both carvones (R, S) are used in the food and flavor industry (http//doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.003). R-carvone is also used in air freshening products and in essential oils used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. Caraway was used for medicinal purposes by the ancient Romans, but carvone was probably not isolated as a pure compound until Varrentrapp obtained it in 1841 (PMID:5556886 , 2477620 ). Carvone may help in the management of diseases (PMID:30374904) and had been considered as an adjuvant for treatment of cancer patients (PMID:30087792) and patients with epilepsy (PMID:31239862). It also has been successfully used as a biopesticide (PMID:30250476). (-)-carvone is a carvone having (R) configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-carvone. (-)-Carvone is a natural product found in Poiretia latifolia, Licaria triandra, and other organisms with data available. See also: Myrrh (part of); Spearmint Oil (part of). Constituent of spearmint (Mentha crispa) costmary, kuromoji and other oils. Flavouring ingredient A carvone having (R) configuration. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2].

24,25-Dihydrolanosterol

C30H52O (428.4018)

24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a lanosterol. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is a natural product found in Euphorbia sapinii, Heterobasidion annosum, and other organisms with data available. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steriods. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is reversibly converted to lanosterol by delta24-sterol reductase [EC:1.3.1.72]. A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol (Lanostenol) is a component of the seeds of red pepper (Capsicum annuum)[1].

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate

C2H6O4S (125.9987)

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate (also known as 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid or isethionic acid) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants. These surfactants provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel. 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid. 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine. Mammals are also able to endogenously synthesize 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process (PMID: 14490797). 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate can be found in both human plasma and urine (PMID: 1159536, PMID: 6066118). Higher plasma levels of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes. Isethionic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isethionate. Isethionic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid is a natural product found in Gayliella flaccida, Tichocarpus crinitus, and Trypanosoma brucei with data available. A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid. Isethionic acid C2H6O4S is a short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel. An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. KEIO_ID I041

Pyridoxate

C8H9NO4 (183.0532)

4-Pyridoxic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as methylpyridines. More specifically it is a 2-methylpyridine derivative substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. 4-Pyridoxic acid is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 (also known as pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyradoxamine) and is excreted in the urine. Urinary levels of 4-pyridoxic acid are lower in females than in males and will be reduced even further in persons with a riboflavin deficiency. 4-Pyridoxic acid is formed by the action of aldehyde oxidase I (an endogenous enzyme) and by microbial enzymes (pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase), an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase. 4-pyridoxic acid can be further broken down by the gut microflora via the enzyme known as 4-pyridoxic acid dehydrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes the four-electron oxidation of 4-pyridoxic acid to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a cofactor. 4-Pyridoxic acid is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 (also known as pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyradoxamine) which is excreted in the urine. Urinary levels of 4-pyridoxic acid are lower in females than in males and will be reduced in persons with riboflavin deficiency. 4-Pyridoxic acid is formed by the action of aldehyde oxidase I (an endogenous enzyme) and by microbial enzymes (pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase), an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase. 4-pyridoxic acid can be further broken down by the gut microflora via 4-pyridoxic acid dehydrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes the four electron oxidation of 4-pyridoxic acid to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor. [HMDB] Vitamin B6 is one of the B vitamins, and thus an essential nutrient.[1][2][3][4] The term refers to a group of six chemically similar compounds, i.e., "vitamers", which can be interconverted in biological systems. Its active form, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, serves as a coenzyme in more than 140 enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism.[1][2][3] Plants synthesize pyridoxine as a means of protection from the UV-B radiation found in sunlight[5] and for the role it plays in the synthesis of chlorophyll.[6] Animals cannot synthesize any of the various forms of the vitamin, and hence must obtain it via diet, either of plants, or of other animals. There is some absorption of the vitamin produced by intestinal bacteria, but this is not sufficient to meet dietary needs. For adult humans, recommendations from various countries' food regulatory agencies are in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 milligrams (mg) per day. These same agencies also recognize ill effects from intakes that are too high, and so set safe upper limits, ranging from as low as 25 mg/day to as high as 100 mg/day depending on the country. Beef, pork, fowl and fish are generally good sources; dairy, eggs, mollusks and crustaceans also contain vitamin B6, but at lower levels. There is enough in a wide variety of plant foods so that a vegetarian or vegan diet does not put consumers at risk for deficiency.[7] Dietary deficiency is rare. Classic clinical symptoms include rash and inflammation around the mouth and eyes, plus neurological effects that include drowsiness and peripheral neuropathy affecting sensory and motor nerves in the hands and feet. In addition to dietary shortfall, deficiency can be the result of anti-vitamin drugs. There are also rare genetic defects that can trigger vitamin B6 deficiency-dependent epileptic seizures in infants. These are responsive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate therapy.[8] 4-Pyridoxic acid is a catabolic product of vitamin B6 which is excreted in the urine.

Desmedipham

C16H16N2O4 (300.111)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3738

tolkan

C12H18N2O (206.1419)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8628; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8626 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8663; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8661 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8683; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8681 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8581; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8579 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8616; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8615 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 33; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8680; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8678 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 286; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 286 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3518 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4005 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8381 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Prometryn

C10H19N5S (241.1361)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8564; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8550; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8549 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8580; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8577 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8542 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8538 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 861; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8686; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8681 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4037 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Terbuthylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9016; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9014 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9020; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9092; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9087 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9043; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 991; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9038; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9037 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3676 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8413 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4032 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid

C3H8O10P2 (265.9593)

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG, also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-DPG) is a three carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte)--at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch. [HMDB] 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (CAS: 138-81-8), also known as 2,3-BPG or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, is a three-carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte) at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch. KEIO_ID D017

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

5-Sulfosalicylic acid

C7H6O6S (217.9885)

5-Sulfosalicylic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid, a common anti-inflammatory drug.Sulfosalicylic acid is used in urine tests to determine urine protein content. The chemical causes the precipitation of dissolved proteins, which is measured from the degree of turbidity. It is also used for integral colour anodizing. -Wikipedia [HMDB] 5-Sulfosalicylic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid, a common anti-inflammatory drug. Sulfosalicylic acid is used in urine tests to determine urine protein content. The chemical causes the precipitation of dissolved proteins, which is measured from the degree of turbidity. It is also used for integral colour anodizing. -Wikipedia. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van\\%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate. Mesaconic acid is one of several isomeric carboxylic acids obtained from citric acid. Is used as a fire retardant, recent studies revealed this acid is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

5,6-Dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

Dihydrothymine (CAS: 696-04-8) is an intermediate breakdown product of thymine. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of thymine into 5,6-dihydrothymine; then dihydropyrimidinase hydrolyzes 5,6-dihydrothymine into N-carbamyl-beta-alanine. Finally, beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine into beta-alanine. When present at abnormally high levels, dihydrothymine can be toxic, although the mechanism of toxicity is not clear. In particular, patients with dihydropyrimidinase deficiency exhibit highly increased concentrations of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine; and moderately increased concentrations of uracil and thymine can be detected in urine. Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency is a disorder that can cause neurological and gastrointestinal problems in some affected individuals. The most common neurological abnormalities that occur are intellectual disability, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), abnormally small head size (microcephaly), and autistic behaviours that affect communication and social interaction. Gastrointestinal problems that occur in dihydropyrimidinase deficiency include the backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux) and recurrent episodes of vomiting. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

3-Sulfinoalanine

C3H7NO4S (153.0096)

3-Sulfinoalanine or cysteinesulfinic acid is a N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist. It is a product of cysteine dioxygenase or CDO [EC 1.13.11.20]. In humans cysteine catabolism is tightly regulated via regulation of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) levels in the liver, with the turnover of CDO protein being dramatically decreased when intracellular cysteine levels increase. This occurs in response to changes in the intracellular cysteine concentration via changes in the rate of CDO ubiquitination and degradation. Expressed at high levels in the liver with lower levels in the kidney, brain, and lung, cysteine dioxygenase catalyzes the addition of molecular oxygen to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, yielding cysteinesulfinic acid. The oxidative catabolism of cysteine to cysteinesulfinate by CDO represents an irreversible loss of cysteine from the free amino acid pool. Once generated, cysteinesulfinate is shuttled into several pathways including hypotaurine/taurine synthesis, sulfite/sulfate production, and the generation of pyruvate. [HMDB] 3-Sulfinoalanine or cysteinesulfinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist. It is a product of cysteine dioxygenase or CDO (EC 1.13.11.20). In humans, cysteine catabolism is tightly regulated via regulation of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) levels in the liver, with the turnover of CDO protein being dramatically decreased when intracellular cysteine levels increase. This occurs in response to changes in the intracellular cysteine concentration via changes in the rate of CDO ubiquitination and degradation. Expressed at high levels in the liver with lower levels in the kidney, brain, and lung, cysteine dioxygenase catalyzes the addition of molecular oxygen to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, yielding cysteinesulfinic acid. The oxidative catabolism of cysteine to cysteinesulfinate by CDO represents an irreversible loss of cysteine from the free amino acid pool. Once generated, cysteinesulfinate is shuttled into several pathways including hypotaurine/taurine synthesis, sulfite/sulfate production, and the generation of pyruvate. [Spectral] 3-Sulfino-L-alanine (exact mass = 153.00958) and L-Isoleucine (exact mass = 131.09463) and alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate (exact mass = 260.02972) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] 3-Sulfino-L-alanine (exact mass = 153.00958) and alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate (exact mass = 260.02972) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] 3-Sulfino-L-alanine (exact mass = 153.00958) and sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate (exact mass = 172.01367) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. KEIO_ID C015 L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1]. L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1].

N,N-Dimethylaniline

C8H11N (121.0891)

N,N-Dimethylaniline, also known as dimethylaminobenzene or dimethylphenylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylarylamines. These are aliphatic aromatic amines in which the amino group is linked to two aliphatic chains and one aromatic group. N,N-dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. It is a tertiary amine and a dimethylaniline. N,N-dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor. It is less dense than water and insoluble in water. Its flash point is 150 °F, and is toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. N,N-Dimethylaniline was used to make dyes and as a solvent. Outside of the human body, N,N-Dimethylaniline has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common mushrooms, strawberries, feijoa, limes, and black-eyed pea. the structural formula shown is also known as N,N-dimethylaniline -- Wikipedia; Dimethylaniline (C8H11N) is an organic chemical compound which is a substituted derivative of aniline. It consists of a benzene ring and a substituted amino group, making it a tertiary aromatic amine. -- Wikipedia; N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It consists of a tertiary amine, featuring dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. N,N-Dimethylaniline is found in many foods, some of which are fennel, rose hip, black elderberry, and maitake. KEIO_ID D032

6-Methyladenine

C6H7N5 (149.0701)

6-Methyladenine is a methylated adenine residue. The formation of internal 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is a postsynthetic modification in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor. 6-Methyladenine residues have also been localized to heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), and for the most part these residues are conserved during mRNA processing. Although the biological significance of internal adenine methylation in eucaryotic mRNA remains unclear, a great deal of research has indicated that this modification may be required for mRNA transport to the cytoplasm, the selection of splice sites or other RNA processing reactions. The presence of m6A residues increases the in vitro translation efficiency of dihydrofolate reductase; an inhibition of m6A residues in dihydrofolate reductase transcripts significantly alters their rate of translation. m6A is found in many human fluids: oviductal fluid, blood plasma and urine. (PMID: 1551452, 8925412, 10481270, 16083005, 16684535, 3506820, 3728186) [HMDB] 6-Methyladenine is a methylated adenine residue. The formation of internal 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is a postsynthetic modification in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor. 6-Methyladenine residues have also been localized to heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), and for the most part these residues are conserved during mRNA processing. Although the biological significance of internal adenine methylation in eucaryotic mRNA remains unclear, a great deal of research has indicated that this modification may be required for mRNA transport to the cytoplasm, the selection of splice sites or other RNA processing reactions. The presence of m6A residues increases the in vitro translation efficiency of dihydrofolate reductase; an inhibition of m6A residues in dihydrofolate reductase transcripts significantly alters their rate of translation. m6A is found in many human fluids: oviductal fluid, blood plasma and urine (PMID:1551452, 8925412, 10481270, 16083005, 16684535, 3506820, 3728186). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators KEIO_ID M072

Glutethimide

C13H15NO2 (217.1103)

Glutethimide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. [PubChem]Glutethimide seems to be a GABA agonist which helps induced sedation. It also induces CYP 2D6. When taken with codeine, it enables the body to convert higher amounts of the codeine (higher than the average 5 - 10\\%) to morphine. The general sedative effect also adds to the power of the combination. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CE - Piperidinedione derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Dihydrobiopterin

C9H13N5O3 (239.1018)

Dihydrobiopterin, also known as BH2, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin, quinonoid dihydrobiopterin or q-BH2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. Dihydrobiopterin is also classified as a pteridine. Pteridines are aromatic compounds composed of fused pyrimidine and pyrazine rings. Dihydrobiopterin is produced during the synthesis of neurotransmitters L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin via the NADPH-dependant reduction of dihydrobiopterin reductase. Dihydrobiopterin can also be converted to tetrahydrobiopterin by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is catalyzed by the flavoprotein "diaphorase" activity of NOS. This activity is located on the reductase (C-terminal) domain of NOS, whereas the high affinity tetrahydrobiopterin site involved in NOS activation is located on the oxygenase (N-terminal) domain (PMID: 8626754). Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) is another enzyme that plays a role in the production of dihydrobiopterin. SPR catalyzes the reduction of sepiapterin to dihydrobiopterin (BH2), the precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a cofactor critical for nitric oxide biosynthesis and alkylglycerol and aromatic amino acid metabolism (PMID: 25550200). Dihydrobiopterin is known to be synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. Dihydrobiopterin exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, dihydrobiopterin is involved in several metabolic disorders including dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency. DHPR deficiency is a severe form of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to impaired regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) leading to decreased levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin) and folate in cerebrospinal fluid, and causing neurological symptoms such as psychomotor delay, hypotonia, seizures, abnormal movements, hypersalivation, and swallowing difficulties. Dihydrobiopterin is also associated with another metabolic disorder known as sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD). Sepiapterin reductase catalyzes the (NADP-dependent) reduction of carbonyl derivatives, including pteridines, and plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Low dihydrofolate reductase activity in the brain leads to the accumulation of dihydrobiopterin, which in turn, inhibits tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases. This uncouples neuronal nitric oxide synthase, leading to neurotransmitter deficiencies and neuronal cell death. SRD is characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter levels and the presence of elevated cerebrospinal fluid dihydrobiopterin. SRD is characterized by motor delay, axial hypotonia, language delay, diurnal fluctuation of symptoms, dystonia, weakness, oculogyric crises, dysarthria, parkinsonian signs and hyperreflexia. Dihydrobiopterin (BH2) is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin. Tetrahydrobiopterin is a natural occurring cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase and is involved in the synthesis of tyrosine and the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Tetrahydrobiopterin is also essential for nitric oxide synthase catalyzed oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline and nitric oxide. [HMDB] 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin.

Oxymorphone

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of morphine, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AA - Natural opium alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Sulfanilic acid

C6H7NO3S (173.0147)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 652 KEIO_ID S073

Thiacloprid

C10H9ClN4S (252.0236)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7159; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7155 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7152; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7150 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7161; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7158 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7190; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7188 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7200; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7197 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 INTERNAL_ID 52; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3024 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8424 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954; CONFIDENCE standard compound

2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), also known as deoxyuridylic acid or deoxyuridylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. dUMP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, dUMP participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, dUMP can be biosynthesized from dCMP through its interaction with the enzyme deoxycytidylate deaminase. In addition, dUMP can be biosynthesized from deoxyuridine; which is mediated by the enzyme thymidine kinase, cytosolic. In humans, dUMP is involved in pyrimidine metabolism. A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. Outside of the human body, dUMP has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as breadnut tree seeds, sea-buckthornberries, sour cherries, black walnuts, and common oregano. dUMP is formed by the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase [EC 1.17.4.1]. dUMP by the action of by thymidylate synthetase [EC 2.1.1.45] produces dTMP (5,10-Methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor for the reaction). The nuclear form of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG2), that its major role is to remove misincorporated dUMP residues (cells deficient in removal of misincorporated dUMP accumulate uracil residues). (PMID 11554311) [HMDB]. dUMP is found in many foods, some of which are ginger, evergreen huckleberry, vanilla, and common walnut. dUMP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=964-26-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 964-26-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

N-acetylneuraminate

C11H19NO9 (309.106)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A018; [MS2] KO008824 KEIO_ID A018 N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a sialic acid monosaccharide ubiquitous on cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids of mammalian cell ganglioglycerides, which plays a biological role in neurotransmission, leukocyte vasodilation, and viral or bacterial infection.

4-Oxoproline

C5H7NO3 (129.0426)

The 4-isomer of oxoproline.

Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids KEIO_ID T072

4-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methylbenzoic acid is found in brassicas. 4-Methylbenzoic acid is isolated from horseradis KEIO_ID M017 p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

D-Ribulose 5-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

D-Ribulose 5-phosphate is a metabolite in the Pentose phosphate pathway, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and in the Riboflavin metabolism (KEGG) [HMDB]. D-Ribulose 5-phosphate is found in many foods, some of which are olive, cocoa bean, common chokecherry, and orange mint. D-Ribulose 5-phosphate is a metabolite in the following pathways: pentose phosphate pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and riboflavin metabolism (KEGG). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Cyclamic acid

C6H13NO3S (179.0616)

Cyclamic acid is an artificial sweetening agent, usually employed as Na or Ca salt (cyclamate). Use suspended in some countries, including USA, because of possible weak carcinogenic activity (disputed). Cyclamic acid is a permitted in EU at levels of 250-1600 ppm in food products.Cyclamic acid is a compound with formula C6H11NHSO2OH D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2813

Dibutyl succinate

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents

Pyrethrin

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

tropinone

C8H13NO (139.0997)

Tropinone, also known as 3-tropanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids are organic compounds containing the nitrogenous bicyclic alkaloid parent N-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Tropinone is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tropinone can be found in a number of food items such as walnut, japanese persimmon, komatsuna, and chicory roots, which makes tropinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropiniumone . KEIO_ID T061 Tropinone, an alkaloid, acts as a synthetic intermediate to?Atropine[1].

Albendazole

C12H15N3O2S (265.0885)

Albendazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to mebendazole that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CA - Benzimidazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3580 KEIO_ID A082; [MS3] KO008867 KEIO_ID A082; [MS2] KO008866 KEIO_ID A082 Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells[1][2][3][4][5].

Carteolol

C16H24N2O3 (292.1787)

Carteolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. [PubChem]The primary mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of carteolol in reducing intraocular pressure is most likely a decrease in aqueous humor production. This process is initiated by the non-selective beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor blockade. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Azocene

C14H18ClN3O2 (295.1087)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 741; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9290; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9289 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 741; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9319; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9317 INTERNAL_ID 8442; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8442 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2582 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Fluometuron

C10H11F3N2O (232.0823)

Fluometuron is a member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in cotton. It has a role as an agrochemical, an environmental contaminant, a herbicide, a xenobiotic and a photosystem-II inhibitor. It is a 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. Fluometuron is a soil applied herbicide used to control annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. In the United States it was approved for use on cotton and sugarcane crops in 1974, but since 1986 is only approved for use on cotton. Its mode of action is selective and inhibits photosynthesis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8414; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8413 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8483; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8479 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8454; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8453 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8416; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8468; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8466 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4168; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4167 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4190; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4189 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4172; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4171 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8464; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4199; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4198 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4184; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4183 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 921; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4155; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4154 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3709 Fluometuron. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2164-17-2 (retrieved 2024-12-16) (CAS RN: 2164-17-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Guanfacine

C9H9Cl2N3O (245.0123)

A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation. [PubChem] C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AC - Imidazoline receptor agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents

Hydroxyzine

C21H27ClN2O2 (374.1761)

A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite cetirizine, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative. [PubChem] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8146; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8142 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8167; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8166 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8152; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8147 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8169; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8167 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8128; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1306; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8120; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8118 N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BB - Diphenylmethane derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Hydroxyzine, a benzodiazepine antihistamine agent, acts as an orally active histamine?H1-receptor and serotonin antagonist. Hydroxyzine has anxiolytic effect and can be used for the research of generalised anxiety disorder[1].

Iproniazid

C9H13N3O (179.1059)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06A - Antidepressants > N06AF - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, non-selective D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C667 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

Iervin

C27H39NO3 (425.293)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2330 Jervine (11-Ketocyclopamine) is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500-700 nM[1]. Jervine is a natural teratogenic sterodial alkaloid from rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum. Jervine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[2]. Jervine (11-Ketocyclopamine) is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500-700 nM[1]. Jervine is a natural teratogenic sterodial alkaloid from rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum. Jervine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[2].

Methylone

C11H13NO3 (207.0895)

Prochlorperazine

C20H24ClN3S (373.1379)

Prochlorperazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of nausea; vomiting; and vertigo. It is more likely than chlorpromazine to cause extrapyramidal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)The mechanism of action of prochlorperazine has not been fully determined, but may be primarily related to its antidopaminergic effects. Prochlorperazine blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, resulting in the blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and an increased dopamine turnover. Prochlorperazine also has anti-emetic effects, which can be attributed to dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Prochlorperazine also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, the blockade of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

PIPEROPHOS

C14H28NO3PS2 (353.1248)

Pendimethalin

C13H19N3O4 (281.1375)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3116 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2549 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4059 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8435 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides KEIO_ID P183; [MS2] KO009157 KEIO_ID P183; [MS3] KO009158 D016573 - Agrochemicals KEIO_ID P183

Trichlormethiazide

C8H8Cl3N3O4S2 (378.9022)

Trichlormethiazide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)Trichlormethiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, altering electrolyte transfer in the proximal tubule. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride, and water and, hence, diuresis. As a diuretic, Trichloromethiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like Trichloromethiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of Trichloromethiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics > D049993 - Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid

C8H7ClO3 (186.0084)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3757; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3752 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3829; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3825 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4159; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4154 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3737; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3736 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4074; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4080; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4076 KEIO_ID C151

Proguanil

C11H16ClN5 (253.1094)

Proguanil is a prophylactic antimalarial drug, which works by stopping the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, from reproducing once it is in the red blood cells. It does this by inhibiting the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the parasite. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BB - Biguanides D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2153 - Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites

Oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Cilastatin

C16H26N2O5S (358.1562)

A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, imipenem, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. [PubChem] D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2129

Clothianidin

C6H8ClN5O2S (249.0087)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6612; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6610 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3164; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3162 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3102; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3100 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6570; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6567 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3103; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3100 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3120; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3119 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3100; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3098 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6580; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6577 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6605; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6603 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6531; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6529 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3091; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3089 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6599; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6595 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8455 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2328 D016573 - Agrochemicals

N-PHENYL-1-NAPHTHYLAMINE

C16H13N (219.1048)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10074 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10054; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10051 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10013 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10109; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10106 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10083; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10041; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10037 D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4139 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2426 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8127 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Methoxyfenozide

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9207; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9204 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4782; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4777 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4744; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4743 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9204; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9202 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9198; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4851; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4847 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4749; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4745 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4763; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4760 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9185; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9184 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4756; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4754 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9149; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9146 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9175; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9172 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Primidone

C12H14N2O2 (218.1055)

An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to phenobarbital in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with phenobarbital. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309) N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 195; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4095 INTERNAL_ID 4095; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8502 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1516 KEIO_ID P061

trifluralin

C13H16F3N3O4 (335.1093)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 123 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Acephate

C4H10NO3PS (183.0119)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3008; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3003 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1469; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1467 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1488 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3023; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3020 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3022; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3000; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2996 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1491; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1488 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1478; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1476 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3021; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3035; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 702; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1488; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1486 C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3111 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Malaoxon

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

Malaoxon is a metabolite of malathion. Malaoxon is a chemical compound with the formula C10H19O7PS. More specifically, it is a phosphorothioate. It is a breakdown product of, and more toxic than, malathion. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3713 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

(±)-Fenarimol

C17H12Cl2N2O (330.0327)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9383 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4478; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4475 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9454; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9451 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4990; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4987 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4959 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4563; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4561 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9431; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9426 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4978; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4977 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9464; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9492; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9490 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9499; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9498 (±)-Fenarimol is an Agricultural and horticultural fungicide. Agricultural and horticultural fungicide D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Fenbuconazole

C19H17ClN4 (336.1142)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9428; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9470; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9465 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9518; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9516 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9492; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9543 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9531; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9529

1,5-Naphthalenediamine

C10H10N2 (158.0844)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 543; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1321; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1317 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 543; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1306; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1305 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 543; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1313; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1311 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 543; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1314; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1311 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 543; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1302; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1298

1-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

1-Methyladenosine, also known as M1A, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Precise m6A mapping by m6A-CLIP/IP (briefly m6A-CLIP) revealed that a majority of m6A locates in the last exon of mRNAs in multiple tissues/cultured cells of mouse and human, and the m6A enrichment around stop codons is a coincidence that many stop codons locate round the start of last exons where m6A is truly enriched. The methylation of adenosine is directed by a large m6A methyltransferase complex containing METTL3 as the SAM-binding sub-unit. Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 (IGF2BP1-3) are reported as a novel class of m6A readers. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

Tetramethrin

C19H25NO4 (331.1783)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents > P03BA - Pyrethrines D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals

Propanil

C9H9Cl2NO (217.0061)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4459; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4456 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4491; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4488 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4496; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4493 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4487; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4485 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4491; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4487 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1341; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4473; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4470 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3051 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2331 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8484 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Phosalone

C12H15ClNO4PS2 (366.9869)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9787; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9783 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9765; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9762 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9728 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9703; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9702 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9750; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9781; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9778 Phosalone is an organophosphate chemical commonly used as an insecticide and acaricide. It is developed by Rhone-Poulenc in France but EU eliminated it from pesticide registration on December 2006. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Ethylmorphine

C19H23NO3 (313.1678)

A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ethylmorphine-N-demethylase and used as an indicator of liver function. It is not marketed in the US but is approved for use in various countries around the world. In the US it is a schedule II drug (single-entity) and schedule III drug (in combination products). R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05D - Cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants > R05DA - Opium alkaloids and derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals

Benzatropine

C21H25NO (307.1936)

Benzotropine is a centrally-acting, antimuscarinic agent used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. It may also be used to treat extrapyramidal reactions, such as dystonia and Parkinsonism, caused by antipsychotics (e.g. phenothiazines). Symptoms of Parkinsons disease and extrapyramidal reactions arise from decreases in dopaminergic activity which creates an imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic activity. Anticholinergic therapy is thought to aid in restoring this balance leading to relief of symptoms. In addition to its anticholinergic effects, benztropine also inhibits the reuptake of dopamine at nerve terminals via the dopamine transporter. Benzotropine also produces antagonistic effects at the histamine H1 receptor. N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AC - Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Dantron

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

Danthron is an orange crystalline powder. Almost odorless and tasteless. (NTP, 1992) Chrysazin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. Withdrawn from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in 1998 due to genotoxicity. Danthron is a natural product found in Didemnum albopunctatum, Asphodelus tenuifolius, and other organisms with data available. Danthron is a reddish, synthetic anthraquinone derivative. Danthron has been widely used as a laxative, but is no longer used to treat constipation and is currently used as an antioxidant in synthetic lubricants, in the synthesis of experimental antitumor agents, as a fungicide and as an intermediate for making dyes. This substance is a suspected mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. (NCI05) A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. Dantron is found in green vegetables. Dantron occurs in roots of Rheum palmatum (Turkey rhubarb Occurs in roots of Rheum palmatum (Turkey rhubarb). Dantron is found in green vegetables. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens [Raw Data] CB120_Laxapur_neg_20eV_000028.txt [Raw Data] CB120_Laxapur_neg_40eV_000028.txt [Raw Data] CB120_Laxapur_neg_30eV_000028.txt [Raw Data] CB120_Laxapur_neg_10eV_000028.txt [Raw Data] CB120_Laxapur_neg_50eV_000028.txt Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK.

(3R,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

Cefadroxil

C16H17N3O5S (363.0889)

Cefadroxil is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, cephalexin derivative.Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, cefadroxil binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, causing the inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cefadroxil interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3662

Ethoprophos

C8H19O2PS2 (242.0564)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3651

Morin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2 4 and 5. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an antihypertensive agent, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antibacterial agent, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Morin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of various woods, e.g. Morus alba (white mulberry). First isol. in 1830. Morin is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, european cranberry, bilberry, and fruits. Morin is found in bilberry. Morin is a constituent of various woods, e.g. Morus alba (white mulberry). First isolated in 1830 A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2 4 and 5. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2]. Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2].

Diflubenzuron

C14H9ClF2N2O2 (310.0321)

Insecticide, interfering with chitin deposition by oral absorption. Diflubenzuron is used on soya beans, citrus, tea, vegetables and mushrooms. Also used as an insecticide in feed for poultry and pigs and as a controlled release bolus in cattl D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Same as: D07829

Cannabidiolate

C22H30O4 (358.2144)

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.

Normorphine

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

Normorphine, also known as desmethylmorphine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. The compound has relatively little opioid activity in its own right, but is a useful intermediate which can be used to produce both opioid antagonists such as nalorphine, and also potent opioid agonists such as N-phenethylnormorphine. Normorphine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Its formation from morphine is catalyzed by the liver enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. Normorphine is a controlled substance listed under the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs 1961 and the laws in various states implementing it; for example, in the United States, it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance, with an ACSCN of 9313 and an annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 18 grams in 2014, unchanged from the prior year. Normorphine is an opiate analogue, the N-demethylated derivative of morphine, that was first described in the 1950s when a large group of N-substituted morphine analogues were characterized for activity. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist

Glycitin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Glycitin is an isoflavone glycoside present in human diets containing soy. The transformation of glycitin by intestinal microflora produces glycitein, a compound found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species. Diverse bacteria strains from human origin have specific activity (beta-glucosidase activity) in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids. Soy isoflavones are popular supplements based on their potential protection against cancer and their use as alternative hormone replacement therapy. Is one of the isoflavones present in ready-to-feed soy-based infant formula. (PMID: 17516245, 17157426, 17439230, 12607743). Present in soya foods; potential nutriceutical. Glycitin is found in many foods, some of which are soy milk, tofu, miso, and soy sauce. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.

Tetrahydrocortisone

C21H32O5 (364.225)

Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation. -- Wikipedia; As an oral or injectable drug, cortisol is also known as hydrocortisone. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation. -- Wikipedia; As an oral or injectable drug, cortisol is also known as hydrocortisone. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. -- Wikipedia. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisone is a stress-induced hormone. Tetrahydrocortisone is also a urinary metabolite of Cortisone derived from the reduction of Cortisone by 5-reductase[1].

Promazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

Promazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. [PubChem]Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazines antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AA - Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

Methylphenobarbital

C13H14N2O3 (246.1004)

Methylphenobarbital is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a barbiturate that is metabolized to phenobarbital. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in epilepsy, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over phenobarbital. [PubChem]Methylphenobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

TMPT

C18H26O6 (338.1729)

Phoxim

C12H15N2O3PS (298.0541)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

ORYZALIN

C12H18N4O6S (346.0947)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2333 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8465

Lomefloxacin

C17H19F2N3O3 (351.1394)

Lomefloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.Lomefloxacin is a bactericidal fluoroquinolone agent with activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The bactericidal action of lomefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. DNA gyrase appears to be the primary quinolone target for gram-negative bacteria. Topoisomerase IV appears to be the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. Interference with these two topoisomerases results in strand breakage of the bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. As a result DNA replication and transcription is inhibited. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Punicic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd. alpha-Eleostearic acid is isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon Isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd and fruits.

(±)-Methamidophos

C2H8NO2PS (141.0013)

(±)-Methamidophos is an agricultural systemic insecticide and acaricide. It is a metabolite of acephate DGK99-C C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

4-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine

C9H10FNO2 (183.0696)

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed from the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically, it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. The enzyme (glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a polypeptide species distinct from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia (PMID: 2791363, 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430). Phenylacetylglutamine is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (PMID: 26241311). Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals including the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl CoA and glutamine react to form phenylacetyl glutamine and Coenzyme A. The enzyme (Glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a distinct polypeptide species from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. (PMID: 2791363; PMID: 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430) Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

N-NITROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE

C3H8N2O (88.0637)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3449

Penicillin V

C16H18N2O5S (350.0936)

Penicillin V is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered orally. Penicillin V may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CE - Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Ipratropium bromide

C20H30NO3+ (332.2226)

Ipratropium bromide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist structurally related to atropine but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic. [PubChem]Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent. It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, without specificity for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due to actions of cGMP on intracellular calcium, this results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle. D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

Acetylcarnitine

[C9H18NO4]+ (204.1236)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A143; [MS2] KO009087 KEIO_ID A143

N-METHYLANILINE

C7H9N (107.0735)

N-methylaniline, also known as methylphenylamine or N-methylbenzenamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylalkylamines. Phenylalkylamines are organic amines where the amine group is secondary and linked on one end to a phenyl group and on the other end, to an alkyl group. N-methylaniline is soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). N-methylaniline can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, orange bell pepper, and red bell pepper, which makes N-methylaniline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-Methylaniline (NMA) is an aniline derivative. It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NH(CH3). The substance exists as a colorless or slightly yellow viscous liquid and turns brown when exposed to air. The chemical is insoluble in water. It is used as a latent and coupling solvent and is also used as an intermediate for dyes, agrochemicals and other organic products manufacturing. NMA is toxic and exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system and can also cause liver and kidney failure . CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8126 KEIO_ID M066

2,4,6-Tribromophenol

C6H3Br3O (327.7734)

2,4,6-Tribromophenol, also known as 2,4,6-TBP or bromol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-bromophenols. These are bromophenols carrying a iodine at the C4 position of the benzene ring. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as crustaceans, fishes, and mollusks. This could make 2,4,6-tribromophenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol is a potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4936 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4925; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4923 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4957; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4955 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4956; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4953 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8167

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid

C8H8O5 (184.0372)

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, also known as DOMA or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric nadp-preferring. In addition, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and guaiacol can be converted into vanillylmandelic acid and pyrocatechol through the action of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. In humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called tyrosinemia type I. Outside of the human body, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as yellow wax beans, soy beans, pomegranates, cucurbita (gourd), and daikon radish. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, also known as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolate or (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid can be found in a number of food items such as lime, pitanga, sapodilla, and persimmon, which makes 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human nerve cells tissue. In humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include disulfiram action pathway and tyrosine metabolism. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hawkinsinuria, alkaptonuria, dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency, and tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID D066 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of norepinephrine.

3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane

C19H32O2 (292.2402)

The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. [HMDB] The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.

Phosphoserine

C3H8NO6P (185.0089)

The phosphoric acid ester of serine. As a constituent (residue) of proteins, its side chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation. This might be important in explaining some of the devastating consequences of diabetes. It is one of three amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases during cell signalling in eukaryotes. Phosphorylated serine residues are often referred to as phosphoserine. Serine proteases are a common type of protease. Serine, organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the L-stereoisomer appears in mammalian protein. It is not essential to the human diet, since it can be synthesized in the body from other metabolites, including glycine. Serine was first obtained from silk protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865. Its name is derived from the Latin for silk, sericum. Serines structure was established in 1902. [HMDB] Phosphoserine is the phosphoric acid ester of the amino acid serine. It is found in essentially all living organisms ranging from microbes to plants to mammals. Phosphoserine is a component of many proteins as the result of posttranslational modifications to the native protein’s serine residue(s). The phosphorylation of the hydroxyl functional group in serine to produce phosphoserine is catalyzed by various types of kinases. Serine is one of three amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases during cell signalling in eukaryotes. Free phosphoserine is found in many biofluids and likely arises from the proteolysis of proteins containing phosphoserine residues (PMID: 7693088). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID P060 DL-O-Phosphoserine, a normal metabolite in human biofluid, is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.

Oxymetholone

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

15-KETE

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE. [HMDB] 15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE.

Aminomethylphosphonic acid

CH6NO3P (111.0085)

Aminomethylphosphonic acid, also known as AMPA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic phosphonic acids. These are organic compounds containing phosphonic acid. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Aminomethylphosphonic acid. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid is a member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate. It is a one-carbon compound and a member of phosphonic acids. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an (aminomethyl)phosphonate(1-). (Aminomethyl)phosphonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1066-51-9 (retrieved 2024-10-30) (CAS RN: 1066-51-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Proteinase inhibitor E 64

C15H27N5O5 (357.2012)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents KEIO_ID E015; [MS2] KO008950 KEIO_ID E015

4-Sulfobenzoate

C7H6O5S (201.9936)

KEIO_ID S052

2-Deoxystreptamine

C6H14N2O3 (162.1004)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents KEIO_ID D061

Epinine

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

Epinine, also known as deoxyepinephrine or deoxyadrenaline, is a member of the class of compounds known as catecholamines and derivatives. These compounds contain 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] or a derivative thereof formed by substitution. Epinine exists as a solid, and is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epinine is an alkaloid from Vicia faba and can be found in pulses. Epinine is a dopamine and epinephrine derivative. KEIO_ID E013

Ethylamine

C2H7N (45.0578)

Ethylamine, also known as 1-aminoethane or ethanamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Ethylamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Ethylamine is an ammonia and fishy tasting compound. Ethylamine can be found found in a few different foods, such as barley, apples, and corns and in a lower concentration in white cabbages, wild carrots, and cabbages. Ethylamine has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as black elderberries, common grapes, french plantains, soy beans, and spinachs. Ethylamine is a uremic toxin. Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Ethylamine is component of normal human urine it has been suggested that this short aliphatic chain may play a significant role in the central nervous system disturbances observe during hepatic and renal disease especially when the blood brain barrier is compromised. Found in foods and drinks KEIO_ID E025

Picolinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

KEIO_ID P099

trans-zeatin riboside

C15H21N5O5 (351.1543)

Trans-zeatin riboside, also known as (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine or 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-trans-zeatin, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Trans-zeatin riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-zeatin riboside can be found in a number of food items such as winter squash, plains prickly pear, dill, and common buckwheat, which makes trans-zeatin riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

Pelargonidin 3-glucoside

[C21H21O10]+ (433.1135)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Solasodin

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2286; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2286 Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

(3S,6E)-Nerolidol

C15H26O (222.1984)

(3S,6E)-Nerolidol, also known as nerolidol or peruviol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, (3S,6E)-nerolidol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. (3S,6E)-Nerolidol is an isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. An isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers [Wikipedia] Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].

Gluconasturtiin

C15H21NO9S2 (423.0658)

Isolated from Nasturtium officinale (water cress), Barbarea vulgaris (winter cress) and other crucifers. Gluconasturtiin is found in many foods, some of which are radish, broccoli, watercress, and brassicas. Gluconasturtiin is found in brassicas. Gluconasturtiin is isolated from Nasturtium officinale (water cress), Barbarea vulgaris (winter cress) and other crucifers. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Lithospermic acid

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1]. Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1].

Baccatin III

C31H38O11 (586.2414)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.041 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.042 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.027 Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1]. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1].

Artemisin

C15H18O4 (262.1205)

D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides

Coenzyme Q10

C59H90O4 (862.6839)

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring compound widely distributed in animal organisms and in humans. The primary compounds involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone are 4-hydroxybenzoate and the polyprenyl chain. An essential role of coenzyme Q10 is as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Moreover, coenzyme Q10 is one of the most important lipophilic antioxidants, preventing the generation of free radicals as well as oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA, it and can also regenerate the other powerful lipophilic antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Antioxidant action is a property of the reduced form of coenzyme Q10, ubiquinol (CoQ10H2), and the ubisemiquinone radical (CoQ10H*). Paradoxically, independently of the known antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10, the ubisemiquinone radical anion (CoQ10-) possesses prooxidative properties. Decreased levels of coenzyme Q10 in humans are observed in many pathologies (e.g. cardiac disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, AIDS, cancer) associated with intensive generation of free radicals and their action on cells and tissues. In these cases, treatment involves pharmaceutical supplementation or increased consumption of coenzyme Q10 with meals as well as treatment with suitable chemical compounds (i.e. folic acid or B-group vitamins) which significantly increase ubiquinone biosynthesis in the organism. Estimation of coenzyme Q10 deficiency and efficiency of its supplementation requires a determination of ubiquinone levels in the organism. Therefore, highly selective and sensitive methods must be applied, such as HPLC with UV or coulometric detection. For a number of years, coenzyme Q (CoQ10 in humans) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These two functions constitute the basis on which research supporting the clinical use of CoQ10 is founded. Also at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, coenzyme Q is recognized as an obligatory co-factor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the transition pore. Furthermore, recent data reveal that CoQ10 affects expression of genes involved in human cell signalling, metabolism, and transport and some of the effects of exogenously administered CoQ10 may be due to this property. Coenzyme Q is the only lipid soluble antioxidant synthesized endogenously. In its reduced form, CoQH2, ubiquinol, inhibits protein and DNA oxidation but it is the effect on lipid peroxidation that has been most deeply studied. Ubiquinol inhibits the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and also that of lipoprotein lipids present in the circulation. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoproteins to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, CoQ10 has a direct anti-atherogenic effect, which has been demonstrated in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed with a high-fat diet. (PMID: 15928598, 17914161). COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Same as: D01065 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

alpha-Zearalenol

C18H24O5 (320.1624)

Alpha-zearlenol is a nonsteroidal estrogen or mycoestrogen found in fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus including F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. crookwellense, etc (PMID: 22095651), As a mycotoxin, alpha-zearalenol is a widely distributed compound that contaminates many crops, grains, and other commodities (PMID: 30830360). Alpha-zearalenol, is also a major hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (another mycotoxin). Zearalenone has two metabolites, alpha and beta zearalenol which are produced in the liver by 3α-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase and 3β-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase (PMID: 30830360). Like Alpha-zearlenol, zearalenone or F-2 mycotoxin is produced by certain Fusarium species. It causes infertility, abortion and other breeding problems in swine. Alpha-zearlenol is also produced synthetically and sold as Zeranol, which is used as an anabolic agent for cattle. Alpha-zearlenol exhibits strong growth-promoting properties, but its sale is restricted in Europe (PMID: 22095651). Alpha-zearalenol has three to four times the biological activity of zearalenone. Alpha-zearlenol contains a lactone ring in its structure and is structurally analogous to estrogen, thus it can bind to estrogen receptors, and causes hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on different animal species (PMID: 17045381).

Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

Dehydrolithocholic acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

Vasicine

C11H12N2O (188.095)

Annotation level-1 (±)-Vasicine is the racemate of Vasicine. Vasicine (Peganine) significantly inhibits H+-K+-ATPase activity?in vitro?with an IC50 of 73.47?μg/mL. Anti-ulcer activity. Vasicine shows significant anti-secretory, antioxidant and?cytoprotective?effect[1].

Dihydroresveratrol

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1]. Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1].

Resolvin D2

C22H32O5 (376.225)

Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225) [HMDB] Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225).

Solasonine

C45H73NO16 (883.4929)

Solasonine is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound and a steroid. Solasonine is a natural product found in Solanum americanum, Solanum dimidiatum, and other organisms with data available. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1]. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1].

Lasiocarpine

C21H33NO7 (411.2257)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2259 Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Echimidine

C20H31NO7 (397.21)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2304 INTERNAL_ID 2304; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

alpha-Copaene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Copaene, also known as aglaiene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. alpha-Copaene is possibly neutral. alpha-Copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound that can be found in several food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savoury, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. alpha-Copaene can be found in feces and saliva. Alpha-copaene, also known as copaene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savory, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-copaene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene is a natural product found in Pinus sylvestris var. hamata, Asarum gusk, and other organisms with data available.

N-formylanthranilic acid

C8H7NO3 (165.0426)

Formylanthranilic acid is a polar acid metabolite of anthranilic acid, occasionally found in human urine. (PMID 7320161) [HMDB] Formylanthranilic acid is a polar acid metabolite of anthranilic acid, occasionally found in human urine. (PMID 7320161).

Homophenylalanine

C10H13NO2 (179.0946)

Indanone

C9H8O (132.0575)

Indanone is part of the Steroid hormone biosynthesis, and Arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. It is a substrate for: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1, and Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3. D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

beta-Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Cadinene is found in common oregano. beta-Cadinene is a constituent of Pinus caribaea. Mixed cadinene isomers, with b-cadinene usually predominating, occur in several essential oils, especially ylang-ylang, citronella and cade oil from Juniper species Cadinene isomers are used as a flavouring agent and/or flavour modifier.

5,10-Methylene-THF

C20H23N7O6 (457.171)

5,10-Methylene-THF is an intermediate in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and one carbon metabolism. 5,10-CH2-THF can also be used as a coenzyme in the biosynthesis of thymidine. More specifically it is the C1-donor in the reactions catalyzed by thymidylate synthase and thymidylate synthase (FAD). It also acts as a coenzyme in the synthesis of serine from glycine via the enzyme serine hydroxymethyl transferase. 5,10-Methylene-THF is a substrate for Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. This enzyme converts 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. This reaction is required for the multistep process that converts the amino acid homocysteine to methionine. The body uses methionine to make proteins and other important compounds. 5,10-CH2-THF is a substrate for many enzymes including Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (mitochondrial), Aminomethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (cytoplasmic), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cytosolic) and Thymidylate synthase. 5,10-Methylene-THF is an intermediate in the metabolism of Methane and the metabolism of Nitrogen. It is a substrate for Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (mitochondrial), Aminomethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (cytoplasmic), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cytosolic) and Thymidylate synthase. [HMDB] COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

C27H44N7O20P3S (911.1575)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (CAS: 1553-55-5) is formed when acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes (PMID: 14689582). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa, also known as hmg-coa or hydroxymethylglutaroyl coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas are 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl-CoAs where the 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration. Thus, (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as watercress, burdock, spirulina, and chicory, which makes (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.

N1-Acetylspermidine

C9H21N3O (187.1685)

N1-Acetylspermidine is a polyamine. In many organisms, polyamines originate from L-ornithine and methionine. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), a key enzyme in polyamine metabolism, decarboxylates L-ornithine to yield putrescine which is then converted to higher polyamines spermidine and spermine by successive addition of aminopropyl groups derived from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine. Aliphatic polyamines occur ubiquitously in organisms and have important functions in the stabilization of cell membranes, biosynthesis of informing molecules, cell growth and differentiation, as well as adaptation to osmotic, ionic, pH and thermal stress. These cationic substances are implicated in multiple functions, therefore it is not surprising that intracellular levels of polyamines are regulated by different mechanisms. The inhibition of polyamine metabolism has important pharmacological and therapeutic implications for the control of physiological processes, reproduction, cancer and parasitic diseases. Recent reports have suggested the idea that parasites with an high turnover of Ornithine Decarboxilase (ODC) are resistant to Difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO, the irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase) because they always contain a fraction of newly synthesized and active enzyme, therefore not DFMO inhibited, sufficient to produce small amounts of putrescine rapidly converted into spermidine, which can support protozoan proliferation. DFMO has proved to be curative in trypanosomiasis, coccidiosis, and certain other protozoan infections. (PMID: 15490259). N1-Acetylspermidine is a polyamine. In many organisms, polyamines originate from L-ornithine and methionine. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), a key enzyme in polyamine metabolism, decarboxylates L-ornithine to yield putrescine which is then converted to higher polyamines spermidine and spermine by successive addition of aminopropyl groups derived from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine.

Pentanoyl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Pentanoyl CoA is an acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid, inside living cells. The CoA is then removed from the chain, carrying two carbons from the chain with it, forming acetyl-CoA. This is then used in the citric acid cycle to start a chain of reactions, eventually forming many adenosine triphosphates. To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an Acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <=> Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi has a free energy change near zero. Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible. Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine. Pentanoyl coA is a acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain.

globomycin

C32H57N5O9 (655.4156)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

Paromamine

C12H25N3O7 (323.1692)

Nitroethane

C2H5NO2 (75.032)

Diethyl sulfide

C4H10S (90.0503)

Diethyl sulfide is found in alcoholic beverages. Diethyl sulfide is a food additive listed in the EAFUS food Additive Database (Jan 2001). Diethyl sulfide is found in various foods and brandies. Diethyl sulfide is a food flavour ingredient. Diethyl sulfide is a clear, flammable chemical compound with a pungent garlic-like odor. It has the chemical formula C4H10S. It is prepared by treating ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid, partially neutralizing the new solution with sodium carbonate, then distilling the resulting sodium ethyl sulfate in a solution containing potassium sulfide Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan 2001). Found in various foods and brandies. Food flavour ingredient

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

3-Amino-2-azepanone

C6H12N2O (128.095)

Isovaleryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM 243500) an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10, a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA). IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine). (PMID: 16602101, Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006 May 15;142(2):95-103.) [HMDB]. Isovaleryl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are purple laver, alaska wild rhubarb, macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), and green zucchini. Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM: 243500), an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10), a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA. IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein-restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 Acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine) (PMID: 16602101).

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.1363)

4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Fluorobenzoate degradation. 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is converted from 4-Fluorobenzoyl-CoA via the enzyme 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.7). [HMDB]. 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are chinese chives, mustard spinach, salmonberry, and sunflower. 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Fluorobenzoate degradation. 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is converted from 4-Fluorobenzoyl-CoA via the enzyme 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.7). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2,5-Diketocamphane

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

3-Anise alcohol

C8H10O2 (138.0681)

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine

C14H30N4O2 (286.2369)

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine is a polyamine commonly occurring in normal human urine (PMID 7775374). It has been reported that urinary N1,N12-Diacetylspermine can be used as a marker to efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages (PMID 15837752). N1,N12-Diacetylspermine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). N1,N12-Diacetylspermine is a polyamine commonly occurring in normal human urine (PMID 7775374). It has been reported that urinary N1,N12-Diacetylspermine can be used as a marker to efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages (PMID 15837752). [HMDB]

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside

C12H15NO8 (301.0798)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D000345 - Affinity Labels

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a 21-carbon steroid that is converted from pregnenolone by cytochrome P450 17alpha hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17, EC 1.14.99.9). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. The first, rate-limiting and hormonally regulated step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is accomplished by the cleavage of the cholesterol side chain, catalyzed by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme termed P450scc where scc designates Side Chain Cleavage. All steroid hormones are made from the pregnenolone produced by P450scc; thus, the presence or absence of each of the activities of CYP17 directs this pregnenolone towards its final metabolic pathway. While all cytochrome P450 enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions on a single active site, CYP17 is the only one described to date in which these multiple activities are differentially regulated by a physiologic process. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone by the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The ratio of the 17,20 lyase to 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of CYP17 determines the ratio of C21 to C19 steroids produced. This ratio is regulated post-translationally by at least three factors: the abundance of the electron-donating protein P450 oxidoreductase, the presence of cytochrome b5, and the serine phosphorylation of CYP17. (PMID: 12573809). C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane steroid. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

Oxalosuccinic acid

C6H6O7 (190.0114)

Oxalosuccinic acid, also known as oxalosuccinate or 1-oxopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, belongs to tricarboxylic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups. Oxalosuccinic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Oxalosuccinic acid can be found in a number of food items such as japanese chestnut, poppy, wax apple, and hyssop, which makes oxalosuccinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Oxalosuccinic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate is an unstable 6-carbon intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Its an alpha-keto compound, formed during the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. Oxalosuccinate never leaves the active site of the enzyme, however; its unstable and immediately undergoes decarboxylation to produce the 5-carbon compound, alpha-ketoglutarate . Oxalosuccinate is a substrate for cytoplasmic Isocitrate dehydrogenase and mitochondiral Isocitrate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).

dihydrocorticosterone

C21H32O4 (348.23)

3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde is the monoamine oxidase (MAO) aldehyde metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine. 3,4- dihydroxymandelaldehyde generates a free radical and activates mitochondrial permeability transition, a mechanism implicated in neuron death. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compounds are neurotoxic, and it has been recently hypothesized that neurodegenerative disorders may be associated with increased levels of this biogenic aldehyde. It is possible to speculate that reduced detoxification of 3,4- dihydroxymandelaldehyde from impaired or deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase function may be a contributing factor in the suggested neurotoxicity of these compounds. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of NAD(P)+ -dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as those derived from catecholamines, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 19 aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in the human genome. Mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases. Several pharmaceutical agents and environmental toxins are also known to disrupt or inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase function. (PMID: 17379813, 14697885, 11164826). 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde, also known as alpha,3,4-trihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde or dhmal, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylacetaldehydes. Phenylacetaldehydes are compounds containing a phenylacetaldehyde moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an acetalydehyde. 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as canola, lentils, grass pea, and moth bean, which makes 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. In humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include disulfiram action pathway and tyrosine metabolism. 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency, alkaptonuria, hawkinsinuria, and tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is the monoamine oxidase (MAO) aldehyde metabolite of metanephrine. Metanephrine is an O-methylated metabolite formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from epinephrine. Catecholamines play an important role in platelet activation and aggregation, epinephrine being the most potent one. Catecholamines are substantially increased during stress, exercise or smoking and could result in clinically important platelet activation if their action was not rapidly regulated. The inhibitory effects of methoxy phenolic derivatives on epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation may possibly be attributed to their free radical scavenging properties. There is substantial evidence to conclude that an internal rapid autoregulation of epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, caused by its metabolic degradation products, takes place in vivo. (PMID: 11958479, 9706478) [HMDB]. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, peach (variety), common oregano, and olive. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is the monoamine oxidase (MAO) aldehyde metabolite of metanephrine. Metanephrine is an O-methylated metabolite formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from epinephrine. Catecholamines play an important role in platelet activation and aggregation, epinephrine being the most potent one. Catecholamines are substantially increased during stress, exercise or smoking and could result in clinically important platelet activation if their action was not rapidly regulated. The inhibitory effects of methoxy phenolic derivatives on epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation may possibly be attributed to their free radical scavenging properties. There is substantial evidence to conclude that an internal rapid autoregulation of epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, caused by its metabolic degradation products, takes place in vivo. (PMID: 11958479, 9706478).

5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde

C10H9NO2 (175.0633)

5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, also known as 5-HIAL, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyindoles. These are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. Within humans, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde can be biosynthesized from serotonin through its interaction with the enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. In humans, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde is involved in tryptophan metabolism. Outside of the human body, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as garden rhubarbs, black radish, oriental wheat, garden tomato, and wild leeks. This could make 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde is a biogenic aldehyde of serotonin derived from the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (PMID: 11306106, 2470392). 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, also known as 5-hial, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxyindoles. Hydroxyindoles are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as durian, squashberry, black huckleberry, and daikon radish, which makes 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. In humans, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde is involved in the tryptophan metabolism. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Tetrahydropteridine

C6H8N4 (136.0749)

Tetrahydrobiopterin serves well-characterized cofactor functions for hydroxylating aromatic amino acids and ether lipids and for formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Formation of NO involves two cycles of oxidation of Tetrahydrobiopterin to its radical with subsequent rehydroxylation into Tetrahydrobiopterin, one for reduction of the heme-bound arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex of NO synthase (NOS), the other for reduction of the N-hydroxy-L-arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex. Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent glyceryl ether monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.5) is found not only in liver and the gastrointestinal tract but also in brain and other organs (this enzyme plays an essential role in conjugation with the cleavage enzyme in the regulation of cellular levels of -alkyl moieties in glycerolipids). Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential for the enzymatic reaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) for the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Limited Tetrahydrobiopterin availability not only decreases formation of NO but also causes NOS-derived superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production leading to formation of peroxynitrite as well as S-nitrosoglutathione. As a consequence of its oxygen-activating potential, Tetrahydrobiopterin is also subject to autoxidation in a free radical chain reaction in leading to formation of superoxide and finally to hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, Tetrahydrobiopterin, like other H4-pterins, can scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite. Thus, Tetrahydrobiopterin may have opposing effects in various biological systems depending on whether its cofactor roles outweigh its chemical reactivity or vice versa. Sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the reduction of tetrahydro-sepiapterin to tetrahydrobiopterin -the terminal step in this biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin. This reaction is N-acetyl-serotonin-sensitive and can completely inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. (PMID: 3881214, 17303893, 3756924, 15223071) [HMDB] Tetrahydrobiopterin serves well-characterized cofactor functions for hydroxylating aromatic amino acids and ether lipids and for formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Formation of NO involves two cycles of oxidation of Tetrahydrobiopterin to its radical with subsequent rehydroxylation into Tetrahydrobiopterin, one for reduction of the heme-bound arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex of NO synthase (NOS), the other for reduction of the N-hydroxy-L-arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex. Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent glyceryl ether monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.5) is found not only in liver and the gastrointestinal tract but also in brain and other organs (this enzyme plays an essential role in conjugation with the cleavage enzyme in the regulation of cellular levels of -alkyl moieties in glycerolipids). Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential for the enzymatic reaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) for the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Limited Tetrahydrobiopterin availability not only decreases formation of NO but also causes NOS-derived superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production leading to formation of peroxynitrite as well as S-nitrosoglutathione. As a consequence of its oxygen-activating potential, Tetrahydrobiopterin is also subject to autoxidation in a free radical chain reaction in leading to formation of superoxide and finally to hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, Tetrahydrobiopterin, like other H4-pterins, can scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite. Thus, Tetrahydrobiopterin may have opposing effects in various biological systems depending on whether its cofactor roles outweigh its chemical reactivity or vice versa. Sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the reduction of tetrahydro-sepiapterin to tetrahydrobiopterin -the terminal step in this biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin. This reaction is N-acetyl-serotonin-sensitive and can completely inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. (PMID: 3881214, 17303893, 3756924, 15223071).

3-Methyldioxyindole

C9H9NO2 (163.0633)

3-Methyldioxyindole is a metabolite of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (K00128)(EC 1.2.1.3) formed during 3-methylindole metabolism (PMID: 88251990). It is the major urinary metabolite of 3-methylindole. (PMID: 2519781). It is thought that 3-Methyldioxyindole is an in vivo oxidation product of 3-methylindole which is a metabolic product of tryptophan, produced by bacteria in the colon (PMID: 2796599). 3-Methyldioxyindole is a metabolite of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (K00128)(EC 1.2.1.3) formed during 3-methylindole metabolism (PMID: 88251990). It is the major urinary metabolite of 3-methylindole. (PMID: 2519781).

Prostaglandin G2

C20H32O6 (368.2199)

Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) is synthesized from arachidonic acid on a cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway as a primary step; the COX biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PG) begins with the highly specific oxygenation of arachidonic acid in the 11R configuration and ends with a 15S oxygenation to form PGG2. The COX site activity that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGG2 is the target for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The peroxidase site activity catalyzes the two-electron reduction of the hydroperoxide bond of PGG2 to yield the corresponding alcohol prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). The formation of a phenoxyl radical on Tyr385 couples the activities of the two sites. The Tyr385 radical is produced via oxidation by compound I, an oxoferryl porphyrin -cation radical, which is generated by reaction of the hemin resting state with PGG2 or other hydroperoxides. The tyrosyl radical homolytically abstracts the 13proS hydrogen atom of arachidonic acid which initiates a radical cascade that ends with the stereoselective formation of PGG2. PGG2 then migrates from the cyclooxygenase (COX) site to the peroxidase (POX) site where it reacts with the hemin group to generate PGH2 and compound I. The heterolytic oxygen-oxygen bond cleavage is assisted by the conserved distal residues His207 and Gln203, mutation of which has been shown to severely impair enzyme activity. Compound I, upon reaction with Tyr385, gives compound II, which in turn is reduced to the hemin resting state by one-electron oxidation of reducing cosubstrates or undergoes reactions that result in enzyme self-inactivation. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) 1 is a bifunctional membrane enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins. These lipid mediators are intricately involved in normal physiology, namely, in mitogenesis, fever generation, pain response, lymphocyte chemotaxis, fertility, and contradictory stimuli such as vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, as well as platelet aggregation and quiescence. PGHS is implicated in numerous pathologies, including inflammation, cancers of the colon, lung, and breast, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, and numerous cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. (PMID: 14594816, 16552393, 16411757). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) is synthesized from arachidonic acid on a cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway as a primary step; the COX biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PG) begins with the highly specific oxygenation of arachidonic acid in the 11R configuration and ends with a 15S oxygenation to form PGG2. D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides

Diadenosine triphosphate

C20H27N10O16P3 (756.0819)

Diadenosine triphosphate (AP3A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP3A is a primer for oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by interferon-inducible 2-5A synthetase. AP3A is synthesized in cells by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS); cellular level of AP3A significantly increases after interferon treatment. AP3A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP3A accumulates in cells in response to various physiological factors. AP3A FHIT (Fragile histidine Triad) is a human tumor suppressor gene. The Fhit protein is believed to inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis through interaction with AP3A. (PMID: 11212966, 12738682, 11810214, 9607303, 8922753, 9187362, 16401072, 12833632, 11896678). Diadenosine triphosphate (AP3A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP3A is a primer for oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by interferon-inducible 2-5A synthetase. AP3A is synthesized in cells by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS); cellular level of AP3A significantly increases after interferon treatment. AP3A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP3A accumulates in cells in response to various physiological factors.

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

C6H3Cl3 (179.93)

gamma-Pentachlorocyclohexene

C6H5Cl5 (251.8834)

2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol

C6H6Cl2O2 (179.9745)

A cyclohexadienediol that is cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diol in which positions 2 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.

2,5-dichlorohydroquinone

C6H4Cl2O2 (177.9588)

A dichlorohydroquinone that is hydroquinone substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.

2,5-Dichlorophenol

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13208; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13205 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13243; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13239 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13287; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13282 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13308; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13303 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13281; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13277 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4965; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4964 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4975; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4974 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4984; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4981 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4995; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4994 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5002; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5001 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 906; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5041; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5040 2,5-dichlorophenol belongs to the family of Phenols and Derivatives. These are compounds containing a phenol moiety, which is a benzene bearing an hydroxyl group.

8-O-4'-Diferulic acid

C14H10Cl4 (317.9537)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2-Propylamine

C3H9N (59.0735)

Isopropylamine, also known as 2-aminopropane or 2-propanamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as monoalkylamines. Monoalkylamines are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Isopropylamine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Isopropylamine is an ammoniacal and fishy tasting compound found in corn and soy bean, which makes isopropylamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isopropylamine (monoisopropyl amine, MIPA, 2-Propylamine) is an organic compound, an amine. It is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with ammonia-like odor. It is miscible with water and flammable. It is a valuable intermediate in chemical industry .

Acetohexamide

C15H20N2O4S (324.1144)

Acetohexamide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide. [PubChem]Sulfonylureas such as acetohexamide bind to an ATP-dependent K⁺ channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits a tonic, hyperpolarizing outflux of potassium, which causes the electric potential over the membrane to become more positive. This depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels. The rise in intracellular calcium leads to increased fusion of insulin granulae with the cell membrane, and therefore increased secretion of (pro)insulin. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents

Ceftizoxime

C13H13N5O5S2 (383.0358)

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

Suprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic. [PubChem]Suprofen binds to the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes, preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. Cyclooxygenase catalyses the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (itself derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A₂). Prostaglandins act (among other things) as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. The overall result is a reduction in pain and inflammation in the eyes and the prevention of pupil constriction during surgery. Normally trauma to the anterior segment of the eye (especially the iris) increases endogenous prostaglandin synthesis which leads to constriction of the iris sphincter. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Quinestrol

C25H32O2 (364.2402)

Quinestrol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a 3-cyclopentyl ether of ethinyl estradiol.Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor (the estrogen receptor). Estrogen interacts with a target cell receptor. When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen

Magnesium dichloride

Cl2Mg (93.9228)

C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C29730 - Electrolyte Replacement Agent Flavouring agent and nutrient supplement

Ethotoin

C11H12N2O2 (204.0899)

Ethotoin is a hydantoin derivative and anticonvulsant. Ethotoin exerts an antiepileptic effect without causing general central nervous system depression. The mechanism of action is probably very similar to that of phenytoin. The latter drug appears to stabilize rather than to raise the normal seizure threshold, and to prevent the spread of seizure activity rather than to abolish the primary focus of seizure discharges. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AB - Hydantoin derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Cefpodoxime

C15H17N5O6S2 (427.062)

Cefpodoxime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is active against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It is commonly used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug which is absorbed and de-esterified by the intestinal mucosa to Cefpodoxime. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Triacetylene

C6H2 (74.0156)

4,8,13-Duratriene-1,3-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Ophiobolin A

C25H36O4 (400.2613)

(R)-Pronuciferine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

Alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East India lotus). (R)-Pronuciferine is found in many foods, some of which are poppy, coffee and coffee products, sacred lotus, and cherimoya. (R)-Pronuciferine is found in cherimoya. (R)-Pronuciferine is an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East India lotus

Chaksine

C22H38N6O4 (450.2954)

Phosphoramidic acid

H4NO3P (96.9929)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

1-Phenylethanol

C8H10O (122.0732)

1-Phenylethanol is a flavouring agent. It is found in many foods, some of which are onion-family vegetables, herbs and spices, nuts, and fruits. (±)-1-Phenylethanol is a flavouring agent

Tellimagrandin II

C41H30O26 (938.1025)

Isolated from Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet). Tellimagrandin II is found in many foods, some of which are nance, kelp, komatsuna, and narrowleaf cattail. Tellimagrandin II is found in acorn. Tellimagrandin II is isolated from Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet). Tellimagrandin II (Eugeniin), the first intermediate in the 4C1-glucose derived series of ellagitannins, also inhibits antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[1][2]. Tellimagrandin II (Eugeniin), the first intermediate in the 4C1-glucose derived series of ellagitannins, also inhibits antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[1][2].

Otonecine

C9H15NO3 (185.1052)

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

Pseudohypericin is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene. Pseudohypericin is a natural product found in Hypericum bithynicum, Hypericum linarioides, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Lupulone

C26H38O4 (414.277)

Lupulone is found in alcoholic beverages. Lupulone is a constituent of hops

Ginkgoic acid

C22H34O3 (346.2508)

Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) and minor constituent of cashew nut shell. Ginkgoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are ginkgo nuts, nuts, cashew nut, and fats and oils. Ginkgoic acid is found in cashew nut. Ginkgoic acid is a constituent of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) and minor constituent of cashew nut shell. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

Peimine

C27H45NO3 (431.3399)

Verticine is an alkaloid. Peimine is a natural product found in Fritillaria anhuiensis, Fritillaria cirrhosa, and other organisms with data available. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids Peimine (Verticine) is a natural compound with excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Peimine (Verticine) is a natural compound with excellent anti-inflammatory activity.

methibenzuron

C10H11N3OS (221.0623)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8644; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8642 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8645; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8643 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8589; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8584 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8593; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8591 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8647; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8645 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 465; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8557; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8555

Isofenphos

C15H24NO4PS (345.1164)

Isofenphos is an Agricultural insecticide with contact and stomach actio C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

C7H6N2O4 (182.0328)

1,2-Dibromoethane

C2H4Br2 (185.868)

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide or DBE, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organobromides. Organobromides are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a bromine atom. 1,2-Dibromoethane is possibly neutral. Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where it is formed probably by algae and kelp. 1,2-Dibromoethane is formally rated as a probable carcinogen (by IARC 2A) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Breathing high levels may cause depression and collapse. 1,2-Dibromoethane is rapidly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed mainly to the kidneys, liver, and spleen. It can be metabolized by either the cytochrome P-450 system or the glutathione S-transferase system. These metabolites may be further broken down and excreted in the urine. The metabolite 2-bromoacetaldehyde produces liver damage by binding to cellular proteins. Long term exposure can result in liver, kidney, and reproductive system damage. 1,2-Dibromoethane is also known to have adverse effects on the brain. S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, another metabolite, exerts genotoxic and carcinogenic effects by binding to DNA.

MK 571

C26H27ClN2O3S2 (514.1152)

D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D020024 - Leukotriene Antagonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

cefsulodin

C22H20N4O8S2 (532.0723)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D07653

Biapenem

C15H18N4O4S (350.1049)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DH - Carbapenems D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01057

SN38 glucuronide

C28H28N2O11 (568.1693)

SN38 glucuronide is a metabolite of irinotecan. Irinotecan is a drug used for the treatment of cancer. Irinotecan prevents DNA from unwinding by inhibition of topoisomerase 1. In chemical terms, it is a semisynthetic analogue of the natural alkaloid camptothecin. Its main use is in colon cancer, in particular, in combination with other chemotherapy agents. This includes the regimen FOLFIRI, which consists of infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan. Irinotecan received accelerated approval by the U.S. (Wikipedia)

Benzoxazolinate

C11H9NO5 (235.0481)

N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine

C7H12N2O4S (220.0518)

N-acetyl-s-(n-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha Amino Acids and Derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at his terminal nitrogen atom.

MK-329

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Same as: D02693 Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

SB 206553

C17H16N4O (292.1324)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants

Diprenorphine

C26H35NO4 (425.2566)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C681 - Opiate Antagonist Same as: D07863

Ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

Ascomycin is a macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent, an antifungal agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is a macrolide, an ether, a lactol and a secondary alcohol. Ascomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and Streptomyces ascomycinicus with data available. A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Ascomycin (Immunomycin; FR-900520; FK520) is an ethyl analog of Tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties. Ascomycin is also a macrocyclic polyketide antibiotic with multiple biological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-fungal and anti-spasmodic. Ascomycin prevents graft rejection and has potential for varying skin ailments research[1][2].

5-Aminopentanal

C5H11NO (101.0841)

The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites. [HMDB]. 5-Aminopentanal is found in many foods, some of which are watermelon, sorrel, medlar, and cornmint. The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites.

Pyricarbate

C11H15N3O4 (253.1063)

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396

nemonapride

C21H26ClN3O2 (387.1713)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent Same as: D01468

Bropirimine

C10H8BrN3O (264.9851)

D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007369 - Interferon Inducers C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D01666

Furo(3,4-b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-4-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl ester

C18H17F2NO5 (365.1075)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D002120 - Calcium Channel Agonists D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

tetrapentylammonium

C20H44N+ (298.3474)

Dodecanamide

C12H25NO (199.1936)

C16 Sphinganine

C16H35NO2 (273.2668)

1-Naphthaldehyde

C11H8O (156.0575)

1-naphthaldehyde, also known as alpha-naphthal or 1-formylnaphthalene, is a member of the class of compounds known as naphthalenes. Naphthalenes are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings. 1-naphthaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 1-naphthaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as black crowberry, devilfish, other soy product, and chinese bayberry, which makes 1-naphthaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. This compound belongs to the family of Naphthalenes. These are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings.

S-Hydroxymethylglutathione

C11H19N3O7S (337.0944)

S-Hydroxymethylglutathione is a critical component of the binding site for activating fatty acids in glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity (OMIM: 103710). Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH; EC 1.2.1.1), a widely occurring enzyme, catalyzes the oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione into S-formylglutathione in the presence of NAD (PMID: 2806555). S-Hydroxymethylglutathione is a critical component of the binding site for activating fatty acids in glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. (OMIM 103710)

Promegestone

C22H30O2 (326.2246)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DB - Pregnadien derivatives Same as: D08431

Metribolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Bisphenol E

C14H14O2 (214.0994)

3-NITROFLUORANTHENE

C16H9NO2 (247.0633)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine

C18H16N2 (260.1313)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants

Camphorquinone

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Diisodecyl phthalate

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

p-methoxystilbene

C15H14O (210.1045)

Bromodichloromethane

CHBrCl2 (161.8639)

Bromodichloromethane, also known as dichlorobromomethane or monobromodichloromethane, is classified as a member of the trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms. Bromodichloromethane is a colorless, nonflammable liquid. Small amounts are formed naturally by algae in the oceans. Some of it will dissolve in water, but it readily evaporates into air. Only small quantities of bromodichloromethane are produced in the United States. The small quantities that are produced are used in laboratories or to make other chemicals. However, most bromodichloromethane is formed as a by-product when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria. Bromodichloromethane has been formerly used as a flame retardant, and a solvent for fats and waxes and because of its high density for mineral separation. Now it is only used as a reagent or intermediate in organic chemistry. Bromodichloromethane can also occur in municipally-treated drinking water as a by-product of the chlorine disinfection process. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Zindoxifene

C21H21NO4 (351.1471)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent

Moxestrol

C21H26O3 (326.1882)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones ATC code: G03CB04

L-365260

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

L-365260 is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance[1][2][3].

6,7-Dichloro-2-dibenzofuranol

C12H6Cl2O2 (251.9745)

CE(18:2(9Z,12Z))

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694) [HMDB] Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694). Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

C4H9O6P (184.0137)

1-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate, also known as 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate or 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as monoalkyl phosphates. Monoalkyl phosphates are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly one alkyl chain. 1-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as chinese chives, carob, fruits, and cherimoya, which makes 1-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).

Germacrene D

C15H24 (204.1878)

Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

ST 27:2;O3

C27H44O3 (416.329)

methyl farnesoate

C16H26O2 (250.1933)

A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of farnesoic acid. Found in several species of crustaceans.

Nornitrogen mustard

C4H9Cl2N (141.0112)

Nornitrogen mustard is a metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide (trade names Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Revimmune), also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group. An alkylating agent adds an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA. It attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, at the number 7 nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring. It is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. (Wikipedia) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds

4-Ketoretinoic acid

C20H26O3 (314.1882)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

halichondrin B

C60H86O19 (1110.5763)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

Succinaldehyde

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

Bombykol

C16H30O (238.2297)

Bombykol, the first insect sex pheromone, is identified as the female-produced sex attractant of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori[1][2][3].

5alpha-Cyprinol

C27H48O5 (452.3502)

3beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoate

C27H44O3 (416.329)

3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid (CAS: 6561-58-6) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols, and derivatives. These are bile acids, alcohols or any of their derivatives bearing a hydroxyl group. 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is found in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is created from cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diol through the action of CYP27A (EC 1.14.13.15). 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is then converted into 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid by the action of CYP7B (EC 1.14.13.100). 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid was identified as one of forty plasma metabolites that could be used to predict gut microbiome Shannon diversity (PMID: 31477923). Shannon diversity is a metric that summarizes both species abundance and evenness, and it has been suggested as a marker for microbiome health.

Pellidole

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

Cerebronic acid

C24H48O3 (384.3603)

Constituent of various glycosphingolipids of wheat, corn and other plant subspecies Cerebronic acid is found in peanut and cereals and cereal products. D-Cerebronic acid is found in mushrooms. D-Cerebronic acid is isolated from Polyporus umbellatus (zhu ling).

Dimaprit

C6H15N3S (161.0987)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists

Deltorphin

C44H62N10O10S2 (954.4092)

5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

This compound belongs to the family of Gluco/mineralocorticoids, Progestogins and Derivatives. These are steroids whose structure is based on an hydroxylated prostane moiety.

Oxocamphor

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

DL-Glutamine

C5H10N2O3 (146.0691)

DL-Glutamine is used for biochemical research and drug synthesis.

D-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

DL-Homocysteine

C4H9NO2S (135.0354)

DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain.

UNII:EU52DFC4WJ

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)

N-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid is a glutamate analogue and a?NMDA?receptor?agonist and can be used for neurological diseases research[1][2].

Dihydro-resveratrol

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

Dihydroresveratrol is a stilbenol that is 1,1-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. Dihydroresveratrol is a natural product found in Blasia pusilla, Dioscorea dumetorum, and other organisms with data available. A stilbenol that is 1,1-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4. Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1]. Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1].

Vasicine

C11H12N2O (188.095)

1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-3-ol is a member of quinazolines. (±)-Vasicine is the racemate of Vasicine. Vasicine (Peganine) significantly inhibits H+-K+-ATPase activity?in vitro?with an IC50 of 73.47?μg/mL. Anti-ulcer activity. Vasicine shows significant anti-secretory, antioxidant and?cytoprotective?effect[1].

Dihydrobrassicasterol

C28H48O (400.3705)

24-epicampesterol is a 3beta-sterol, a member of phytosterols, an ergostanoid, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. 22,23-Dihydrobrassicasterol is a natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana, Sambucus chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry). Dihydrobrassicasterol is found in many foods, some of which are watermelon, muskmelon, fruits, and cucumber. Dihydrobrassicasterol is found in cucumber. Dihydrobrassicasterol occurs in Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry

ribosylzeatin

C15H21N5O5 (351.1543)

9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin is a 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a cytokinin. It is a nucleoside analogue and a 9-ribosylzeatin. It is functionally related to an adenosine. Zeatin riboside is a natural product found in Rhodococcus fascians, Pseudomonas syringae, and other organisms with data available. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins A 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid

C3H7NO4S (153.0096)

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1]. L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1].

Solasodine

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Solasodine is a poisonous glycoalkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine is found in many foods, some of which are peppermint, chinese cinnamon, alaska blueberry, and sweet rowanberry. Solasodine is found in eggplant. Solasodine is a poisonous glycoalkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

4-oxo-Retinoic acid

C20H26O3 (314.1882)

4-oxo-Retinoic acid is a biologically active geometric isomer of retinoic acid (RA). 4-oxo-retinoic acid is generated from its precursor canthaxanthin and enhances gap junctional communication in cells. Metabolic transformation of all-trans RA to 4-hydroxylated RA appears to be primarily catalyzed by the cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 26AI in human skin cells. Cellular levels of all-trans RA are meticulously regulated utilizing an array of systems to balance uptake, biosynthesis, catabolism, and efflux transport. RA is a critical regulator of gene expression during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult epithelial tissues. (PMID: 8794203, 7893159, 17330217, 16778795, 17460545) [HMDB] 4-oxo-Retinoic acid is a biologically active geometric isomer of retinoic acid (RA). 4-oxo-retinoic acid is generated from its precursor canthaxanthin and enhances gap junctional communication in cells. Metabolic transformation of all-trans RA to 4-hydroxylated RA appears to be primarily catalyzed by the cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 26AI in human skin cells. Cellular levels of all-trans RA are meticulously regulated utilizing an array of systems to balance uptake, biosynthesis, catabolism, and efflux transport. RA is a critical regulator of gene expression during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult epithelial tissues. (PMID: 8794203, 7893159, 17330217, 16778795, 17460545). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

DL-O-Phosphoserine

C3H8NO6P (185.0089)

DL-O-Phosphoserine, also known as DL-O-phosphorylserine or DL-O-serine phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Serine proteases are a common type of protease. DL-O-Phosphoserine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Serine is one of three amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases during cell signalling in eukaryotes. It is a normal metabolite found in human biofluids. (PMID 7693088, 7688003) DL-O-Phosphoserine, a normal metabolite in human biofluid, is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.

4-Hydroxybenoyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.1363)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl Sulfate(4-)

C10H15N5O13P2S (506.9862)

3-phosphonato-5-adenylyl Sulfate(4-) is also known as 3-Phosphonatoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate or PAPS. 3-phosphonato-5-adenylyl Sulfate(4-) is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. 3-phosphonato-5-adenylyl Sulfate(4-) can be found throughout numerous foods such as Pigeon pea, New Zealand spinachs, White lupines, and Allspices

Octadec-9-enoic Acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Octadec-9-enoic Acid, also known as 18:1, N-9 or Delta(9)-Octadecenoic acid, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Octadec-9-enoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Octadec-9-enoic Acid can be synthesized from octadec-9-ene. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 1-octadec-9-enoylglycero-3-phosphate, N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-9-octadecenamide, and sterculic acid

(+)-Lithospermic acid

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

(Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

3,17-Dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane steroid. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

AP3A-lyophilized

C20H27N10O16P3 (756.0819)

Artemisin

C15H18O4 (262.1205)

D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides

ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

D-Citrulline

C6H13N3O3 (175.0957)

Citrullin, also known as cit or 2-amino-5-uredovaleric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as alpha amino acids. Alpha amino acids are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Citrullin is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Citrullin can be found in a number of food items such as cow milk, sesame, orange bell pepper, and pepper (c. frutescens), which makes citrullin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Diacetazotol

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

mezerein

C38H38O10 (654.2465)

Verlukast

C26H27ClN2O3S2 (514.1152)

N-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)

N-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid is a glutamate analogue and a?NMDA?receptor?agonist and can be used for neurological diseases research[1][2].

Nasalide

C24H31FO6 (434.2105)

D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Ensorb

C59H90O4 (862.6839)

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Solasonine

C45H73NO16 (883.4929)

Solasonine, also known as alpha-solamargine or alpha-solamarine, (3beta,22alpha,25r)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative. Solasonine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Solasonine can be found in eggplant, which makes solasonine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Solasonine is a poisonous chemical compound. It is a glycoside of solasodine. Solasonine occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasonine was one component of the unsuccessful experimental cancer drug candidate Coramsine . Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1]. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1].

Thiacloprid

C10H9ClN4S (252.0236)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals

5,6-dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

Dihydrothymine, also known as 5,6-dihydro-5-methyluracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine, (S)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydropyrimidines. Hydropyrimidines are compounds containing a hydrogenated pyrimidine ring (i.e. containing less than the maximum number of double bonds.). Dihydrothymine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydrothymine can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, arrowroot, nopal, and red rice, which makes dihydrothymine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dihydrothymine can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. Dihydrothymine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, dihydrothymine is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Dihydrothymine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Moreover, dihydrothymine is found to be associated with beta-ureidopropionase deficiency and dihydropyrimidinase deficiency. Dihydrothymine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Dihydrothymine is an intermediate in the metabolism of thymine . Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of thymine to 5, 6-dihydrothymine then dihydropyrimidinase hydrolyzes 5, 6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-b-alanine. Finally, beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-b-alanine to beta-alanine. Accumulation of dihydrothymine in the body has been shown to be toxic (T3DB). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

oxalosuccinate

C6H6O7 (190.0114)

Oxalosuccinic acid, also known as oxalosuccinate or 1-oxopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, belongs to tricarboxylic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups. Oxalosuccinic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Oxalosuccinic acid can be found in a number of food items such as japanese chestnut, poppy, wax apple, and hyssop, which makes oxalosuccinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Oxalosuccinic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate is an unstable 6-carbon intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Its an alpha-keto compound, formed during the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. Oxalosuccinate never leaves the active site of the enzyme, however; its unstable and immediately undergoes decarboxylation to produce the 5-carbon compound, alpha-ketoglutarate .

4-Pyridoxic acid

C8H9NO4 (183.0532)

4-Pyridoxic acid is a catabolic product of vitamin B6 which is excreted in the urine.

1-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

Ana B

C22H34O3 (346.2508)

Ginkgoic acid is a hydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. Ginkgolic acid is a natural product found in Amphipterygium adstringens, Anacardium occidentale, and other organisms with data available. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

Solasodine

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Solasodine is an oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a teratogenic agent, a diuretic, an antifungal agent, a cardiotonic drug, an immunomodulator, an antipyretic, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant, an antiinfective agent, an anticonvulsant, a central nervous system depressant and an antispermatogenic agent. It is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a hemiaminal ether, a sapogenin and a steroid alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a solasodine(1+). Purapuridine is a natural product found in Solanum hazenii, Solanum americanum, and other organisms with data available. An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills. Alkaloid from Solanum melanocerasum (garden huckleberry). alpha-Solanigrine is found in fruits. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Steroidal alkaloids, Solanaceous alkaloids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.206 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.202 Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Jervine

C27H39NO3 (425.293)

Jervine is a member of piperidines. Jervine is a natural product found in Veratrum stamineum, Veratrum grandiflorum, and other organisms with data available. Jervine is a steroidal alkaloid with molecular formula C27H39NO3 which is derived from the Veratrum plant genus. Similar to cyclopamine, which also occurs in the Veratrum genus, it is a teratogen implicated in birth defects when consumed by animals during a certain period of their gestation. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids Jervine (11-Ketocyclopamine) is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500-700 nM[1]. Jervine is a natural teratogenic sterodial alkaloid from rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum. Jervine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[2]. Jervine (11-Ketocyclopamine) is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500-700 nM[1]. Jervine is a natural teratogenic sterodial alkaloid from rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum. Jervine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[2].

Glycitin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Glycitin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a methoxyisoflavone, a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. Glycitin is a natural product found in Sorbus cuspidata, Ziziphus spina-christi, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.

Baccatin_III

C31H38O11 (586.2414)

Baccatin III is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an acetate ester and a benzoate ester. It derives from a hydride of a taxane. Baccatin III is a natural product found in Corylus avellana, Taxus wallichiana, and other organisms with data available. Baccatin III is a compound obtained from the needles of the Taxus baccata tree that is used as a precursor of paclitaxel. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1]. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1].

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

A dicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

L(-)-Carvone

C10H14O (150.1045)

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2].

D-sorbose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

Lupulone

C26H38O4 (414.277)

Lupulone is a beta-bitter acid in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an apoptosis inducer, an angiogenesis inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of a lupulone(1-). Lupulone is a natural product found in Humulus lupulus with data available. A beta-bitter acid in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl.

11b,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,20-dione

C21H32O4 (348.23)

11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). [HMDB] 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50).

Germacrene D

C15H24 (204.1878)

(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).

Lasiocarpine

C21H33NO7 (411.2257)

Lasiocarpine appears as colorless plates or beige crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) Lasiocarpine is a natural product found in Heliotropium arbainense, Heliotropium suaveolens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Comfrey Leaf (part of); Comfrey Root (part of).

Pinocembrin

C15H12O4 (256.0736)

(2s)-pinocembrin, also known as 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone or dihydrochrysin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. Thus, (2s)-pinocembrin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule (2s)-pinocembrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (2s)-pinocembrin can be found in a number of food items such as acorn, lentils, mulberry, and sorghum, which makes (2s)-pinocembrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (s)-pinocembrin, also known as 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone or dihydrochrysin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3 (s)-pinocembrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-pinocembrin is a bitter tasting compound found in mexican oregano and tarragon, which makes (s)-pinocembrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.069 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.067 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.071 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.070 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone is a natural product found in Pinus contorta var. latifolia, Piper nigrum, and other organisms with data available. (±)-Pinocembrin ((±)-5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a GPR120 ligand able to promote wound healing in HaCaT cell line[1]. (±)-Pinocembrin ((±)-5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a GPR120 ligand able to promote wound healing in HaCaT cell line[1]. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties[1].

Tellimagrandin II

C41H30O26 (938.1025)

Isolated from Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet). Tellimagrandin II is found in many foods, some of which are nance, kelp, komatsuna, and narrowleaf cattail. Tellimagrandin II is found in acorn. Tellimagrandin II is isolated from Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet). Tellimagrandin II is a natural product found in Syzygium aromaticum, Tellima grandiflora, and other organisms with data available. Tellimagrandin II (Eugeniin), the first intermediate in the 4C1-glucose derived series of ellagitannins, also inhibits antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[1][2]. Tellimagrandin II (Eugeniin), the first intermediate in the 4C1-glucose derived series of ellagitannins, also inhibits antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[1][2].

DIFLUBENZURON

C14H9ClF2N2O2 (310.0321)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Same as: D07829 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5071; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5069 INTERNAL_ID 492; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5071; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5069 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5087; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5086 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5048; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5047 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5086; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5076 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 492; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5076; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3388 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2332 INTERNAL_ID 2332; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8458

prometryn

C10H19N5S (241.1361)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 133

DESMEDIPHAM

C16H16N2O4 (300.111)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 144

Terbutylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 284 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Cilastatin

C16H26N2O5S (358.1562)

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2129 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2555 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2555; CONFIDENCE standard compound

Clothianidin

C6H8ClN5O2S (249.0087)

An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2933

Methoxyfenozide

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2935 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2935; CONFIDENCE standard compound

Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 56 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Morin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2]. Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2].

peganine

C11H12N2O (188.095)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053

Secoisolariciresinol

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

Annotation level-1 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.816 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.813 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.806 Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.

primidone

C12H14N2O2 (218.1055)

N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid

C3H7NO4S (153.0096)

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1]. L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1].

1-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

A methyladenosine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 313 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid

C8H8O5 (184.0372)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids A catechol that is the 3,4-dihydroxy derivative of mandelic acid; a metabolite of L-dopa. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of norepinephrine.

10-gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

ISOPROTURON

C12H18N2O (206.1419)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

acephate

C4H10NO3PS (183.0119)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3111

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

methamidophos

C2H8NO2PS (141.0013)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Kavain

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants Kawain is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Kavain is a natural product found in Piper methysticum, Alnus sieboldiana, and Piper majusculum with data available. See also: Piper methysticum root (part of). (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1]. Kavain is a class of kavalactone isolated from Piper methysticum, which has anxiolytic properties in animals and humans. Kavain positively modulated γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor[1].

dihydrobiopterin

C9H13N5O3 (239.1018)

7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin.

Dihydrothymine

C5H8N2O2 (128.0586)

A pyrimidone obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of thymine. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

Tetrahydrocortisone

C21H32O5 (364.225)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisone is a stress-induced hormone. Tetrahydrocortisone is also a urinary metabolite of Cortisone derived from the reduction of Cortisone by 5-reductase[1].

N,N-dimethylaniline

C8H11N (121.0891)

4-Guanidinobutyric acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

4-Pyridoxic acid

C8H9NO4 (183.0532)

A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine. 4-Pyridoxic acid is a catabolic product of vitamin B6 which is excreted in the urine.

N-METHYLANILINE

C7H9N (107.0735)

oxymorphone

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AA - Natural opium alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

prochlorperazine

C20H24ClN3S (373.1379)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

propanil

C9H9Cl2NO (217.0061)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

2-Deoxyuridine 5-monophosphate

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

Danthron

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK.

methylone

C11H13NO3 (207.0895)

FA 18:3

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].

4-CPA

C8H7ClO3 (186.0084)

CARTEOLOL

C16H24N2O3 (292.1787)

C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

iproniazid

C9H13N3O (179.1059)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06A - Antidepressants > N06AF - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, non-selective D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C667 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

hydroxyzine

C21H27ClN2O2 (374.1761)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BB - Diphenylmethane derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Hydroxyzine, a benzodiazepine antihistamine agent, acts as an orally active histamine?H1-receptor and serotonin antagonist. Hydroxyzine has anxiolytic effect and can be used for the research of generalised anxiety disorder[1].

ethylmorphine

C19H23NO3 (313.1678)

R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05D - Cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants > R05DA - Opium alkaloids and derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals

Vincamin

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D014748 - Vinca Alkaloids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2327 Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2]. Vincamine?is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the?Madagascar periwinkle. Vincamine?is a peripheral?vasodilator?and exerts a selective vasoregulator action on the brain microcapilar circulation[1]. Vincamine?is a?GPR40?agonist and acts as a β-cell protector by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction and promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).?Vincamine?improves glucose homeostasis?in vivo, and has the potential for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research[2].

2,3-cyclic AMP

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

Adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate is part of the purine metabolism pathway. In this pathway, 2,3-cyclic AMP is reversibly converted to 3-AMP via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 2-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16). (KEGG) [HMDB]

acetohexamide

C15H20N2O4S (324.1144)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BB - Sulfonylureas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C97936 - Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4168; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4170; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4125; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4121 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4143; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4140 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4151; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4150 ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4163; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4165 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4165; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4163 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8394; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8389 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8413; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8409 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8458; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8454 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8485 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 894; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8471; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8468

α-Zearalenol

C18H24O5 (320.1624)

FENARIMOL

C17H12Cl2N2O (330.0327)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

CHOLESTERYL LINOLEATE

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

Cholestenoic acid

C27H44O3 (416.329)

FA 20:5;O

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

A 17(18)-EpETE in which the epoxy group has (17R,18S)-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Prostaglandin G2

C20H32O6 (368.2199)

D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides

CoA 5:0

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Quinestrol

C25H32O2 (364.2402)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen

ST 21:2;O3

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

A hydroxypregnenolone that is pregnenolone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 16. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane steroid. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 21-Hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis.

Urocortisone

C21H32O5 (364.225)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisone is a stress-induced hormone. Tetrahydrocortisone is also a urinary metabolite of Cortisone derived from the reduction of Cortisone by 5-reductase[1].

pyrethrin II

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

beta-Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Aureusidin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Aureusidin is a hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an aurone. It is a conjugate acid of an aureusidin-6-olate. Aureusidin is a natural product found in Eleocharis dulcis, Eleocharis pallens, and other organisms with data available. A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3 and 4 respectively. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1].

TRIADIMENOL

C14H18ClN3O2 (295.1087)

A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts. D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

5-METHYL-1-(3-PYRIDYLCARBAMOYL)-1,2,3,5-TETRAHYDROPYRROLO [2,3-F]INDOLE

C17H16N4O (292.1324)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants

3-Methoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzaldehyde

C14H18O8 (314.1002)

Hbdde

C16H18O8 (338.1002)

Methyltrienolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

2,4,6-tribromophenol

C6H3Br3O (327.7734)

A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants.

PENDIMETHALIN

C13H19N3O4 (281.1375)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

naphthal

C11H8O (156.0575)

A naphthaldehyde with a formyl group at position 1.

Lauramide

C12H25NO (199.1936)

A fatty amide of lauric acid.

Pyricarbate

C11H15N3O4 (253.1063)

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396

CHEBI:19809

C28H48O (400.3705)

Arbo 8

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.

Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Levamfetamine

C9H13N (135.1048)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

CPD-109

C7H8O (108.0575)

Nonox A

C16H13N (219.1048)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

AIDS-228041

C16H26O2 (250.1933)

Altan

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK.

Mesaconate

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Ethanamine

C2H7N (45.0578)

99-94-5

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

CHEBI:28113

C30H52O (428.4018)

58436-28-5

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1]. Dihydroresveratrol, a potent phytoestrogen, is a hormone receptor modulator. Dihydroresveratrol exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate and breast cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations[1].

Vestinol DZ

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

Ginkgoic acid

C22H34O3 (346.2508)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

Pentanoyl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Pentanoyl CoA is an acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid, inside living cells. The CoA is then removed from the chain, carrying two carbons from the chain with it, forming acetyl-CoA. This is then used in the citric acid cycle to start a chain of reactions, eventually forming many adenosine triphosphates. To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an Acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <=> Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi has a free energy change near zero. Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible. Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine. Pentanoyl coA is a acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain.

Devazepide

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

N-[(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)urea

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

L-365260 is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance[1][2][3].

CID 10079877

C60H86O19 (1110.5763)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

i-BHB

C11H14O3 (194.0943)

D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Isobutylparaben is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester.

Gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

(10)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (10)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

Isoarnebin I

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

Avenein

C14H18O8 (314.1002)

Glucovanillin is a glycoside. Glucovanillin is a natural product found in Dendrobium moniliforme, Stereospermum cylindricum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Elymus repens root (part of). Glucovanillin extracted from Vanilla planifolia Andrews and simultaneously transformed to vanillin by a combination of enzyme activities involving cell wall degradation and glucovanillin hydrolysis.

Cyclamic acid

C6H13NO3S (179.0616)

A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent. D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents

p,p-DDD

C14H10Cl4 (317.9537)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Tetramethrin

C19H25NO4 (331.1783)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents > P03BA - Pyrethrines D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals

SULFANILIC ACID

C6H7NO3S (173.0147)

An aminobenzenesulfonic acid that is aniline sulfonated at the para-position.

Methylbenzylalcohol

C8H10O (122.0732)

An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.

MALAOXON

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Ethylamine

C2H7N (45.0578)

A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.

2,5-dichlorophenol

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 5.

trichlormethiazide

C8H8Cl3N3O4S2 (378.9022)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics > D049993 - Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Terbuthylazine

C9H16ClN5 (229.1094)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

ethotoin

C11H12N2O2 (204.0899)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AB - Hydantoin derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Penicillin V

C16H18N2O5S (350.0936)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CE - Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

ISOPROPYLAMINE

C3H9N (59.0735)

glutethimide

C13H15NO2 (217.1103)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CE - Piperidinedione derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Ethoprophos

C8H19O2PS2 (242.0564)

Cogentin

C21H25NO (307.1936)

N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AC - Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

4-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

C6H3Cl3 (179.93)

promazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AA - Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

GUANFACINE

C9H9Cl2N3O (245.0123)

C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AC - Imidazoline receptor agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents

Diethyl sulfide

C4H10S (90.0503)

DIBUTYL SUCCINATE

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents

ceftizoxime

C13H13N5O5S2 (383.0358)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins A parenteral third-generation cephalosporin, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Mephobarbital

C13H14N2O3 (246.1004)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AA - Barbiturates and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Cefadroxil

C16H17N3O5S (363.0889)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

lomefloxacin

C17H19F2N3O3 (351.1394)

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

NITROETHANE

C2H5NO2 (75.032)

1,5-Diaminonaphthalene

C10H10N2 (158.0844)

O-Acetylcarnitine

C9H18NO4+ (204.1236)

1-Indanone

C9H8O (132.0575)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

DL-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

Proguanil

C11H16ClN5 (253.1094)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BB - Biguanides D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2153 - Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites

CEFPODOXIME

C15H17N5O6S2 (427.062)

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with methoxymethyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamino substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Given by mouth as its proxetil ester prodrug, it is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

ipratropium

C20H30NO3+ (332.2226)

D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

D-Ribulose 5-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

Picolinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

6-Methyladenine

C6H7N5 (149.0701)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators

N-Formylanthranilic acid

C8H7NO3 (165.0426)

An amidobenzoic acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-formyl group.

Isovaleryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

A methylbutanoyl-CoA is the S-isovaleryl derivative of coenzyme A.

N1-Acetylspermidine

C9H21N3O (187.1685)

15-Oxo-ETE

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15.

L-Homophenylalanine

C10H13NO2 (179.0946)

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is an analogue of L-phenylalanine having a 2-phenylethyl rather than a benzyl side-chain.

Deoxyepinephrine

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

3-Hydroxy-3-methyloxindole

C9H9NO2 (163.0633)

Oxalosuccinic acid

C6H6O7 (190.0114)

A tricarboxylic acid consisting of 2-oxoglutaric acid having a further carboxy group at the 3-position. It is a substrate of the citric acid cycle.

e-64

C15H27N5O5 (357.2012)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde

C10H9NO2 (175.0633)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate

C3H8O10P2 (265.9593)

The D-enantiomer of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid.

3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol

C8H10O2 (138.0681)

Dimaprit

C6H15N3S (161.0987)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists

Diacetazotol

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

Cerebronic acid

C24H48O3 (384.3603)

A very long-chain hydroxy fatty acid composed of lignoceric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent.

alpha-Eleostearic acid

C18H30O2 (278.2246)

(+)-Pronuciferine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.

Phosphoramidic acid

H4NO3P (96.9929)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

A hydroxyaldehyde consisting of phenylacetaldehyde having three hydroxy substituents located at the alpha-, 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of noradrenaline. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine

C14H30N4O2 (286.2369)

Cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine

C6H8N4 (136.0749)

SN38 glucuronide

C28H28N2O11 (568.1693)

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.1363)

A hydroxybenzoyl-CoA that is the S-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) derivative of coenzyme A.

1,3,5-Hexatriyne

C6H2 (74.0156)

5alpha-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

A member of the class of glycolaldehydes that is 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is replaced by a methoxy group.

1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,5-dione

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

4-Sulfobenzoic acid

C7H6O5S (201.9936)

pentanoyl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

A short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of pentanoic acid.

CID 5281302

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1]. Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1].

4-oxo-L-proline

C5H7NO3 (129.0426)

The L-enantiomer of 4-oxoproline.

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

CE 18:2

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate. Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

S-(Hydroxymethyl)glutathione

C11H19N3O7S (337.0944)

An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.

Ethylene dibromide

C2H4Br2 (185.868)

A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.

2,6-DNT

C7H6N2O4 (182.0328)

Sulfosalicylic Acid

C7H6O6S (217.9885)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic

Aminomethylphosphonate

CH6NO3P (111.0085)

p-Fluorophenylalanine

C9H10FNO2 (183.0696)

5-Aminopentanal

C5H11NO (101.0841)

An omega-aminoaldehyde that is pentanal which is substituted at position 5 by an amino group. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-lysine derived alkaloids.

phosalone

C12H15ClNO4PS2 (366.9869)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

N-PHENYL-1-NAPHTHYLAMINE

C16H13N (219.1048)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Reomol DiDP

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

trifluralin

C13H16F3N3O4 (335.1093)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

BROMODICHLOROMETHANE

CHBrCl2 (161.8639)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

UNII:0514MAW53A

C15H24NO4PS (345.1164)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

1,4-Dianilinobenzene

C18H16N2 (260.1313)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants

Normorphine

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist

PCB 52

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Nornitrogen mustard

C4H9Cl2N (141.0112)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds

all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid

C20H26O3 (314.1882)

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

DL-Citrulline

C6H13N3O3 (175.0957)

2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

callistephin

C21H21O10+ (433.1135)