L-Phenylalanine (BioDeep_00000000351)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000014860, BioDeep_00000229695, BioDeep_00000398010

natural product human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite BioNovoGene_Lab2019


代谢物信息卡片


(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid

化学式: C9H11NO2 (165.079)
中文名称: DL-苯丙氨酸, L-苯丙氨酸, 苯丙氨酸, L-苯基丙氨酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 17.64%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-07-01.

Cite this Page

L-Phenylalanine. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/l-phenylalanine (retrieved 2024-12-22) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000351). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)

描述信息

Phenylalanine (Phe), also known as L-phenylalanine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-phenylalanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Phenylalanine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aromatic, non-polar amino acid. In humans, phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, phenylalanine is also a precursor for catecholamines including tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that act as adrenalin-like substances. Interestingly, several psychotropic drugs (mescaline, morphine, codeine, and papaverine) also have phenylalanine as a constituent. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in the human brain and plasma. Normal metabolism of phenylalanine requires biopterin, iron, niacin, vitamin B6, copper, and vitamin C. An average adult ingests 5 g of phenylalanine per day and may optimally need up to 8 g daily. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in a number of high protein foods, such as meat, cottage cheese, and wheat germ. An additional dietary source of phenylalanine is artificial sweeteners containing aspartame (a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide). As a general rule, aspartame should be avoided by phenylketonurics and pregnant women. When present in sufficiently high levels, phenylalanine can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of phenylalanine are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including Hartnup disorder, hyperphenylalaninemia due to guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency, phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart syndrome), and tyrosinemia type III (TYRO3). Phenylketonurics have elevated serum plasma levels of phenylalanine up to 400 times normal. High plasma concentrations of phenylalanine influence the blood-brain barrier transport of large neutral amino acids. The high plasma phenylalanine concentrations increase phenylalanine entry into the brain and restrict the entry of other large neutral amino acids (PMID: 19191004). Phenylalanine has been found to interfere with different cerebral enzyme systems. Untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioural problems, and mental disorders. It may also result in a musty smell and lighter skin. Classic PKU dramatically affects myelination and white matter tracts in untreated infants; this may be one major cause of neurological disorders associated with phenylketonuria. Mild phenylketonuria can act as an unsuspected cause of hyperactivity, learning problems, and other developmental problems in children. It has been recently suggested that PKU may resemble amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease, due to the formation of toxic amyloid-like assemblies of phenylalanine (PMID: 22706200). Phenylalanine also has some potential benefits. Phenylalanine can act as an effective pain reliever. Its use in premenstrual syndrome and Parkinsons may enhance the effects of acupuncture and electric transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Phenylalanine and tyrosine, like L-DOPA, produce a catecholamine-like effect. Phenylalanine is better absorbed than tyrosine and may cause fewer headaches. Low phenylalanine diets have been prescribed for certain cancers with mixed results. For instance, some tumours use more phen...
L-phenylalanine is an odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. pH (1\\\\\\% aqueous solution) 5.4 to 6. (NTP, 1992)
L-phenylalanine is the L-enantiomer of phenylalanine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. It is an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a phenylalanine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-phenylalaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-phenylalaninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-phenylalanine. It is a tautomer of a L-phenylalanine zwitterion.
Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin, [dopamine], [noradrenalin] (norepinephrine), and [thyroxine].
L-Phenylalanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid in humans (provided by food), Phenylalanine plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino acids and is important in the structure and function of many proteins and enzymes. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, used in the biosynthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters. The L-form of Phenylalanine is incorporated into proteins, while the D-form acts as a painkiller. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by Phenylalanine is used to quantify protein amounts. (NCI04)
Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor for the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, it is the precursor of catecholamines in the body (tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The psychotropic drugs (mescaline, morphine, codeine, and papaverine) also have phenylalanine as a constituent. Phenylalanine is a precursor of the neurotransmitters called catecholamines, which are adrenalin-like substances. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in the human brain and plasma. Normal metabolism of phenylalanine requires biopterin, iron, niacin, vitamin B6, copper and vitamin C. An average adult ingests 5 g of phenylalanine per day and may optimally need up to 8 g daily. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in high protein foods, such as meat, cottage cheese and wheat germ. A new dietary source of phenylalanine is artificial sweeteners containing aspartame. Aspartame appears to be nutritious except in hot beverages; however, it should be avoided by phenylketonurics and pregnant women. Phenylketonurics, who have a genetic error of phenylalanine metabolism, have elevated serum plasma levels of phenylalanine up to 400 times normal. Mild phenylketonuria can be an unsuspected cause of hyperactivity, learning problems, and other developmental problems in children. Phenylalanine can be an effective pain reliever. Its use in premenstrual syndrome and Parkinsons may enhance the effects of acupuncture and electric transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Phenylalanine and tyrosine, like L-dopa, produce a catecholamine effect. Phenylalanine is better absorbed than tyrosine and may cause fewer headaches. Low phenylalanine diets have been prescribed for certain cancers with mixed results. Some tumors use more phenylalanine (particularly melatonin-producing tumors called melanoma). One strategy is to exclude this amino acid from the diet, i.e., a Phenylketonuria (PKU) diet (compliance is a difficult issue; it is hard to quantify and is under-researched). The other strategy is just to increase phenylalanines competing amino acids, i.e., tryptophan, valine, isoleucine and leucine, but not tyrosine.
An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.
See also: Plovamer (monomer of); Plovamer Acetate (monomer of) ... View More ...
L-phenylalanine, also known as phe or f, belongs to phenylalanine and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-phenylalanine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-phenylalanine can be found in watermelon, which makes L-phenylalanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. L-phenylalanine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including sweat, blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as throughout all human tissues. L-phenylalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, L-phenylalanine is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism and transcription/Translation. L-phenylalanine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia type 2 (or richner-hanhart syndrome), and tyrosinemia type 3 (TYRO3). Moreover, L-phenylalanine is found to be associated with viral infection, dengue fever, hypothyroidism, and myocardial infarction. L-phenylalanine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phenylalanine (Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula C 9H 11NO 2. It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino acid is classified as neutral, and nonpolar because of the inert and hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. The L-isomer is used to biochemically form proteins, coded for by DNA. The codons for L-phenylalanine are UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine; the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline); and the skin pigment melanin . Hepatic. L-phenylalanine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it undergoes metabolic reactions similar to those that take place in the liver (DrugBank). If PKU is diagnosed early, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development, but only by managing and controlling phenylalanine levels through diet, or a combination of diet and medication. The diet requires severely restricting or eliminating foods high in phenylalanine, such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, nuts, cheese, legumes, milk and other dairy products. Starchy foods, such as potatoes, bread, pasta, and corn, must be monitored. Optimal health ranges (or "target ranges") of serum phenylalanine are between 120 and 360 µmol/L, and aimed to be achieved during at least the first 10 years of life. Recently it has been found that a chiral isomer of L-phenylalanine (called D-phenylalanine) actually arrests the fibril formation by L-phenylalanine and gives rise to flakes. These flakes do not propagate further and prevent amyloid formation by L-phenylalanine. D-phenylalanine may qualify as a therapeutic molecule in phenylketonuria (A8161) (T3DB).

L-Phenylalanine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=63-91-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 63-91-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].

同义名列表

157 个代谢物同义名

L-Phenylalanine, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0\\%; L-Phenylalanine, analytical standard, for Nitrogen Determination According to Kjeldahl Method; L-Phenylalanine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; L(-)-phenylalanine; Beta-phenylalanine;Dl-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid;; L-Phenylalanine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Phenylalanine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; L-Phenylalanine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R); 3-(2-AMINOETHYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONEHYDROCHLORIDE; L-Phenylalanine, Cell Culture Reagent (H-L-Phe-OH); L-Phenylalanine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=98\\%; LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]; L-Phenylalanine, SAJ special grade, >=99.0\\%; L-.ALPHA.-AMINO-.BETA.-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID; Benzenepropanoic acid, .alpha.-amino-, (S)-; Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-, (S)-; (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid; alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid, L-; .alpha.-Amino-.beta.-phenylpropionic acid; L-Phenylalanine, BioUltra, >=99.0\\% (NT); L-Phenylalanine, 99\\%, natural, FCC, FG; L-Phenylalanine, reagent grade, >=98\\%; (S)-.alpha.-Aminobenzenepropanoic acid; (S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoic acid; (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionate; NATEGLINIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]; (S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoic acid; 1F9436B3-8B0D-4AC6-A004-4249B0BDA436; (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid; 2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid, L-; Hydrocinnamic acid, .alpha.-amino-; L-Phenylalanine, Vetec(TM), 98.5\\%; (S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid; (S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionic acid; (S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid; (S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionic acid; TYROSINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]; L-Phenylalanine non-animal source; (S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid; .beta.-Phenyl-.alpha.-alanine, l-; alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid, L-; L-2-amino-3-phenyl-propionic acid; (S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoate; Hydrocinnamic acid, alpha-amino-; Phenylalanine [USAN:USP:INN:JAN]; L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid; (S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoate; Phenylalanine (USAN:USP:INN:JAN); LEUCINE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]; .alpha.-Aminohydrocinnamic acid; Phenylalanine (L-Phenylalanine); (S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate; (S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionate; (S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate; (S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionate; (S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate; L-[2,3,4,5,6-3H]phenylalanine; PHENYLALANINE (USP MONOGRAPH); PHENYLALANINE [USP MONOGRAPH]; IS_PHENYLALANINE-2,3,4,5,6-D5; alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid; .beta.-Phenyl-.alpha.-alanine; L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate; Phenylalanine [USAN:INN:JAN]; PHENYLALANINE [EP MONOGRAPH]; PHENYLALANINE (EP MONOGRAPH); 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid; L-Phenylalanine (H-Phe-OH); L-Phenylalanine, 99\\%, FCC; beta-Phenyl-alpha-alanine; alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate; (6S)-Tetrahydrofolic acid; 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate; (-)-.beta.-Phenylalanine; L-PHENYLALANINE [USP-RS]; Phenylalanine, L-Isomer; Phenylalanine, L Isomer; .beta.-Phenyl-L-alanine; beta-Phenylalnine, (-)-; Phenylalanine (USP/INN); L-Phenylalanine (JP17); Fenilalanina [Spanish]; 2S-alpha-phenylalanine; L-Isomer Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine Phenolic; L-PHENYLALANINE [FHFI]; Phenyl-.alpha.-alanine; L-.beta.-Phenylalanine; Phenylalaninum [Latin]; PHENYLALANINE [WHO-DD]; (-)-beta-Phenylalanine; Phenylalaninum (Latin); PHENYLALANINE [MART.]; PHENYLALANINE (MART.); racemic phenylalanine; L-PHENYLALANINE [JAN]; (6S)-Tetrahydrofolate; PHENYLALANINE [VANDF]; beta-Phenyl-L-alanine; (S)-(-)-Phenylalanine; L-Phenylalanine, 99\\%; L-PHENYLALANINE [FCC]; Alanine, phenyl-, L-; PHENYLALANINE [INCI]; .beta.-Phenylalanine; L-Alanine, 3-phenyl-; PHENYLALANINE [USAN]; laevo-phenyl alanine; PHENYLALANINE [HSDB]; Phenylalanine (VAN); L-(-)-Phenylalanine; PHENYLALANINE [INN]; 3-Phenyl-L-alanine; b-Phenyl-L-alanine; L-Alanine, phenyl-; PHENYLALANINE [MI]; PHENYLALANINE [II]; beta-Phenylalanine; Β-phenyl-L-alanine; PHENYLALANINE (II); Alanine, 3-phenyl-; (-)-phenylalanine; (L)-Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine, L-; (S)-Phenylalanine; NCIStruc2_000248; L-phenyl Alanine; NCIStruc1_000204; Tetrahydrofolate; Alanine, phenyl-; DL-Phenylalanine; 1-phenylalanine; L-phenylaniline; L-Phenylalanine; UNII-47E5O17Y3R; L-PHENYLALININE; 3-Phenylalanine; Phenylalaninum; Phenyl-alanine; Phenylalanine; Phenylalamine; phenylalanin; fenilalanina; Endorphenyl; 47E5O17Y3R; endophenyl; (6S)-THFA; H-Phe-OH; L-Phe; PheOH; 1usi; 1f2p; phe; THF; F; (S)-α-Amino-β-phenylpropionic acid; Phenylalanine; L-Phenylalanine



数据库引用编号

68 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(2)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

42 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(4)

WikiPathways(5)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(3)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(30)

PharmGKB(0)

193 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 6 AKT1, ALB, MTOR, PKM, PRKX, TNK1
Peripheral membrane protein 3 CYP1B1, MTOR, TNK1
Endosome membrane 1 INSR
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 4 CD4, CYP1B1, HSP90B1, MTOR
Nucleus 6 AKT1, ALB, HSP90B1, MTOR, PKM, PRKX
cytosol 8 AKT1, ALB, HSP90B1, LIPE, MB, MTOR, PKM, TAT
dendrite 1 MTOR
phagocytic vesicle 1 MTOR
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 4 AKT1, ATP2B1, MTOR, PRKX
Cell membrane 7 AKT1, ATP2B1, CD4, GPRC5A, INSR, ITGAM, LIPE
Cytoplasmic side 1 MTOR
lamellipodium 1 AKT1
Multi-pass membrane protein 3 ATP2B1, GPRC5A, RHO
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 MTOR
Synapse 1 ATP2B1
cell cortex 1 AKT1
cell surface 1 ITGAM
glutamatergic synapse 2 AKT1, ATP2B1
Golgi apparatus 2 ALB, RHO
Golgi membrane 2 MTOR, RHO
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
postsynapse 1 AKT1
presynaptic membrane 1 ATP2B1
smooth endoplasmic reticulum 1 HSP90B1
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 LIPE
Lysosome 3 IL4I1, INSR, MTOR
acrosomal vesicle 1 IL4I1
plasma membrane 9 AKT1, ATP2B1, CD4, F2, GPRC5A, INSR, ITGAM, RHO, TNK1
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 ATP2B1
Membrane 10 AKT1, ATP2B1, CYP1B1, HSP90B1, INSR, ITGAM, LIPE, MTOR, RHO, TNK1
axon 1 INSR
basolateral plasma membrane 1 ATP2B1
caveola 2 INSR, LIPE
extracellular exosome 9 ALB, ATP2B1, F2, GPRC5A, HSP90B1, INSR, ITGAM, MB, PKM
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 2 ALB, HSP90B1
extracellular space 4 ALB, F2, IGF1, ITGAM
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 HSP90B1
mitochondrion 2 CYP1B1, PKM
protein-containing complex 3 AKT1, ALB, HSP90B1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 3 ATP2B1, CYP1B1, GPRC5A
Microsome membrane 2 CYP1B1, MTOR
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Single-pass type I membrane protein 3 CD4, INSR, ITGAM
Secreted 4 ALB, F2, IGF1, IL4I1
extracellular region 6 ALB, F2, HSP90B1, IGF1, IL4I1, PKM
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 MTOR
mitochondrial outer membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body membrane 1 INSR
anchoring junction 1 ALB
ciliary membrane 1 RHO
photoreceptor inner segment 1 RHO
photoreceptor outer segment 1 RHO
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane 1 ATP2B1
external side of plasma membrane 3 CD4, INSR, ITGAM
Extracellular vesicle 1 PKM
microtubule cytoskeleton 1 AKT1
nucleolus 1 GPRC5A
midbody 1 HSP90B1
sarcoplasm 1 MB
Early endosome 1 CD4
cell-cell junction 2 AKT1, RHO
vesicle 3 AKT1, GPRC5A, PKM
Membrane raft 2 CD4, ITGAM
focal adhesion 1 HSP90B1
spindle 1 AKT1
Nucleus, PML body 1 MTOR
PML body 1 MTOR
Mitochondrion intermembrane space 1 AKT1
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 AKT1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 3 F2, HSP90B1, PKM
lateral plasma membrane 1 ATP2B1
Late endosome 1 INSR
receptor complex 2 GPRC5A, INSR
ciliary basal body 2 AKT1, ALB
cilium 1 PKM
cell projection 1 ATP2B1
centriole 1 ALB
Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment 1 RHO
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome 1 IL4I1
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 2 ALB, F2
sperm midpiece 2 IL4I1, RHO
Basolateral cell membrane 1 ATP2B1
nuclear envelope 1 MTOR
Endomembrane system 1 MTOR
Lipid droplet 1 LIPE
Membrane, caveola 1 LIPE
Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane 1 GPRC5A
specific granule membrane 1 ITGAM
tertiary granule membrane 1 ITGAM
Melanosome 1 HSP90B1
Golgi-associated vesicle membrane 1 RHO
Presynaptic cell membrane 1 ATP2B1
sperm plasma membrane 1 HSP90B1
exocytic vesicle 1 IGF1
plasma membrane raft 1 ITGAM
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 PKM
secretory granule lumen 1 PKM
Golgi lumen 1 F2
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 4 ALB, CD4, F2, HSP90B1
platelet alpha granule lumen 2 ALB, IGF1
Photoreceptor inner segment membrane 1 RHO
immunological synapse 2 ATP2B1, IL4I1
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 CD4
Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 HSP90B1
photoreceptor outer segment membrane 1 RHO
sperm head plasma membrane 1 RHO
dendrite membrane 1 INSR
Rough endoplasmic reticulum 1 PKM
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
integrin complex 1 ITGAM
photoreceptor disc membrane 1 RHO
endocytic vesicle lumen 1 HSP90B1
T cell receptor complex 1 CD4
Cytoplasm, sarcoplasm 1 MB
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex 1 IGF1
insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex 1 IGF1
insulin-like growth factor ternary complex 1 IGF1
integrin alphaM-beta2 complex 1 ITGAM
insulin receptor complex 1 INSR
endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex 1 HSP90B1
rod photoreceptor outer segment 1 RHO
photoreceptor ribbon synapse 1 ATP2B1
[Isoform M2]: Cytoplasm 1 PKM
[Isoform M1]: Cytoplasm 1 PKM
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB


文献列表

  • María A Brandan, Hugo A Pérez, Aníbal Disalvo, María de Los A Frías. Interaction of L-phenylalanine with carbonyl groups in mixed lipid membranes. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes. 2024 Jun; 1866(5):184328. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184328. [PMID: 38688404]
  • Xiao-Yu Zhang, Kai-Rou Xia, Ya-Ni Wang, Pei Liu, Er-Xin Shang, Cong-Yan Liu, Yu-Ping Liu, Ding Qu, Wei-Wen Li, Jin-Ao Duan, Yan Chen, Huang-Qin Zhang. Unraveling the pharmacodynamic substances and possible mechanism of Trichosanthis Pericarpium in the treatment of coronary heart disease based on plasma pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology and experimental validation. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2024 May; 325(?):117869. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117869. [PMID: 38342153]
  • Ruixiang Kang, Dong Guo, Jiawei Wang, Zhencong Xie. Association of dietary nutrient intake with type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine. 2024 May; 103(19):e38090. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000038090. [PMID: 38728475]
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