Pseudohypericin (BioDeep_00000008068)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000182698

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


9,11,13,16,18,20-hexahydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-24-methyloctacyclo[13.11.1.12,10.03,8.04,25.019,27.021,26.014,28]octacosa-1(26),2,4(25),5,8,10,12,14(28),15(27),16,18,20,23-tridecaene-7,22-dione

化学式: C30H16O9 (520.0794286)
中文名称: 伪金丝桃素
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 22.22%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C12C3=C4C(=O)C5C(=CC(CO)=C(C6=C(C)C=C(O)C7C(C8C(=CC(O)=C(C3=C(O)C=C4O)C=8C=1C6=7)O)=O)C2=5)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C30H16O9/c1-7-2-9(32)19-23-15(7)16-8(6-31)3-10(33)20-24(16)28-26-18(12(35)5-14(37)22(26)30(20)39)17-11(34)4-13(36)21(29(19)38)25(17)27(23)28/h2-5,31-37H,6H2,1H3

描述信息

Pseudohypericin is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene.
Pseudohypericin is a natural product found in Hypericum bithynicum, Hypericum linarioides, and other organisms with data available.
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

同义名列表

15 个代谢物同义名

Pseudohypericin; 9,11,13,16,18,20-hexahydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-24-methyloctacyclo[13.11.1.12,10.03,8.04,25.019,27.021,26.014,28]octacosa-1(26),2,4(25),5,8,10,12,14(28),15(27),16,18,20,23-tridecaene-7,22-dione; Phenanthro(1,10,9,8-opgra)perylene-7,14-dione, 1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-11-methyl-, stereoisomer; PHENANTHRO(1,10,9,8-OPQRA)PERYLENE-7,14-DIONE, 1,3,4,6,8,13-HEXAHYDROXY-10-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-11-METHYL-; 1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-11-methylphenanthro[1,10,9,8-opqra]perylene-7,14-dione; PSEUDOHYPERICIN (CONSTITUENT OF ST. JOHNS WORT) [DSC]; hexahydroxy-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl-[?]dione; Pseudohypericin, analytical standard; Pseudohypericin, >=95\\% (HPLC); Pseudohypericin , HPLC Grade; Psuedohypericin; UNII-MQ0U4663ZO; HSCI1_000222; SMP2_000351; MQ0U4663ZO



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

30 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • S Jafarirad, M Kosari-Nasab, R Mohammadpour Tavana, S Mahjouri, R Ebadollahi. Impacts of manganese bio-based nanocomposites on phytochemical classification, growth and physiological responses of Hypericum perforatum L. shoot cultures. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2021 Feb; 209(?):111841. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111841. [PMID: 33387772]
  • R Ebadollahi, S Jafarirad, M Kosari-Nasab, S Mahjouri. Effect of explant source, perlite nanoparticles and TiO2/perlite nanocomposites on phytochemical composition of metabolites in callus cultures of Hypericum perforatum. Scientific reports. 2019 09; 9(1):12998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49504-3. [PMID: 31506546]
  • Tomás Herraiz, Hugo Guillén. Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibition and Associated Antioxidant Activity in Plant Extracts with Potential Antidepressant Actions. BioMed research international. 2018; 2018(?):4810394. doi: 10.1155/2018/4810394. [PMID: 29568754]
  • Silvia Lazzara, Marcello Militello, Alessandra Carrubba, Edoardo Napoli, Sergio Saia. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi altered the hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin content in flowers of Hypericum perforatum grown under contrasting P availability in a highly organic substrate. Mycorrhiza. 2017 May; 27(4):345-354. doi: 10.1007/s00572-016-0756-6. [PMID: 27999964]
  • Andrea Kucharíková, Katarína Kimáková, Christian Janfelt, Eva Čellárová. Interspecific variation in localization of hypericins and phloroglucinols in the genus Hypericum as revealed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Physiologia plantarum. 2016 May; 157(1):2-12. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12422. [PMID: 26822391]
  • Ana-Mihaela Florea, Tanța-Verona Iordache, Catherine Branger, Marius Ghiurea, Sorin Avramescu, Gheorghe Hubca, Andrei Sârbu. An innovative approach to prepare hypericin molecularly imprinted pearls using a "phyto-template". Talanta. 2016; 148(?):37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.061. [PMID: 26653421]
  • Miriam S N Hohmann, Renato D R Cardoso, Victor Fattori, Nilton S Arakawa, José C Tomaz, Norberto P Lopes, Rubia Casagrande, Waldiceu A Verri. Hypericum perforatum Reduces Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality in Mice by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2015 Jul; 29(7):1097-101. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5350. [PMID: 25851311]
  • Zhaozhou Li, Cuili Qin, Daomin Li, Yuze Hou, Songbiao Li, Junjie Sun. Molecularly imprinted polymer for specific extraction of hypericin from Hypericum perforatum L. herbal extract. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2014 Sep; 98(?):210-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.031. [PMID: 24946147]
  • Emilio Russo, Francesca Scicchitano, Benjamin J Whalley, Carmela Mazzitello, Miriam Ciriaco, Stefania Esposito, Marinella Patanè, Roy Upton, Michela Pugliese, Serafina Chimirri, Maria Mammì, Caterina Palleria, Giovambattista De Sarro. Hypericum perforatum: pharmacokinetic, mechanism of action, tolerability, and clinical drug-drug interactions. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2014 May; 28(5):643-55. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5050. [PMID: 23897801]
  • Aleksandar Rašković, Jelena Cvejić, Nebojša Stilinović, Svetlana Goločorbin-Kon, Saša Vukmirović, Neda Mimica-Dukić, Momir Mikov. Interaction between different extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. from Serbia and pentobarbital, diazepam and paracetamol. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2014 Mar; 19(4):3869-82. doi: 10.3390/molecules19043869. [PMID: 24686576]
  • Kimberly D P Hammer, Diane F Birt. Evidence for contributions of interactions of constituents to the anti-inflammatory activity of Hypericum perforatum. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2014; 54(6):781-9. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.607519. [PMID: 24345048]
  • Nuno Rainha, Elisabete Lima, José Baptista, Manuel Fernandes-Ferreira. Content of hypericins from plants and in vitro shoots of Hypericum undulatum Schousb. ex Willd. Natural product research. 2013; 27(10):869-79. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2012.688051. [PMID: 22617156]
  • F Javier Gutiérrez Mañero, Elena Algar, María Soledad Martín Gómez, María Dolores Saco Sierra, Beatriz Ramos Solano. Elicitation of secondary metabolism in Hypericum perforatum by rhizosphere bacteria and derived elicitors in seedlings and shoot cultures. Pharmaceutical biology. 2012 Oct; 50(10):1201-9. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2012.664150. [PMID: 22900596]
  • Trent Mortensen, Shujie Shen, Fenann Shen, Marie K Walsh, Ronald C Sims, Charles D Miller. Investigating the effectiveness of St John's wort herb as an antimicrobial agent against mycobacteria. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2012 Sep; 26(9):1327-33. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3716. [PMID: 22294548]
  • Chiara Righeschi, Tolga Eichhorn, Anastasia Karioti, Anna Rita Bilia, Thomas Efferth. Microarray-based mRNA expression profiling of leukemia cells treated with the flavonoid, casticin. Cancer genomics & proteomics. 2012 May; 9(3):143-51. doi: . [PMID: 22593249]
  • Szymon Zubek, Sebastian Mielcarek, Katarzyna Turnau. Hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations of a valuable medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza. 2012 Feb; 22(2):149-56. doi: 10.1007/s00572-011-0391-1. [PMID: 21626142]
  • Necdet Camas, Jolita Radusiene, Zydrunas Stanius, Omer Caliskan, Cuneyt Cirak. Secondary metabolites of Hypericum leptophyllum Hochst., an endemic Turkish species. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012(?):501027. doi: 10.1100/2012/501027. [PMID: 22649295]
  • Nan Huang, Ludmila Rizshsky, Cathy Hauck, Basil J Nikolau, Patricia A Murphy, Diane F Birt. Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum gentianoides extracts using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Phytochemistry. 2011 Nov; 72(16):2015-23. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.016. [PMID: 21855951]
  • Satomi Onoue, Yoshiki Seto, Masanori Ochi, Ryo Inoue, Hideyuki Ito, Tsutomu Hatano, Shizuo Yamada. In vitro photochemical and phototoxicological characterization of major constituents in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts. Phytochemistry. 2011 Oct; 72(14-15):1814-20. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.06.011. [PMID: 21782201]
  • Sara L Crockett, Jean-Luc Boevé. Flavonoid glycosides and naphthodianthrones in the sawfly Tenthredo zonula and its host-plants, Hypericum perforatum and H. hirsutum. Journal of chemical ecology. 2011 Sep; 37(9):943-52. doi: 10.1007/s10886-011-0001-x. [PMID: 21814831]
  • Shilan Mozaffari, Hadi Esmaily, Roja Rahimi, Maryam Baeeri, Yara Sanei, Azar Asadi-Shahmirzadi, Mohammad-Hossein Salehi-Surmaghi, Mohammad Abdollahi. Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on rat irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2011 Jul; 7(27):213-23. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.84235. [PMID: 21969792]
  • Dejan Z Orčić, Neda M Mimica-Dukić, Marina M Francišković, Slobodan S Petrović, Emilija D Jovin. Antioxidant activity relationship of phenolic compounds in Hypericum perforatum L. Chemistry Central journal. 2011 Jun; 5(?):34. doi: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-34. [PMID: 21702979]
  • Melissa L Brechner, Louis D Albright, Leslie A Weston. Effects of UV-B on secondary metabolites of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) grown in controlled environments. Photochemistry and photobiology. 2011 May; 87(3):680-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00904.x. [PMID: 21275996]
  • Gordana Zdunić, Dejan Gođevac, Katarina Šavikin, Miroslav Novaković, Slobodan Milosavljević, Silvana Petrović. Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Hypericum richeri Vill. and their antioxidant capacity. Natural product research. 2011 Feb; 25(3):175-87. doi: 10.1080/14786410802401390. [PMID: 19764002]
  • Rosalia Crupi, Emanuela Mazzon, Angela Marino, Giuseppina La Spada, Placido Bramanti, Fortunato Battaglia, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Edoardo Spina. Hypericum perforatum treatment: effect on behaviour and neurogenesis in a chronic stress model in mice. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Jan; 11(?):7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-7. [PMID: 21272291]
  • Dieter Schwarz, Pyotr Kisselev, Wolf-Hagen Schunck, Ivar Roots. Inhibition of 17β-estradiol activation by CYP1A1: genotype- and regioselective inhibition by St. John's Wort and several natural polyphenols. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2011 Jan; 1814(1):168-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.09.014. [PMID: 20883830]
  • Giancarlo A Statti, Filomena Conforti, Federica Menichini, Mariangela Marrelli, Carmen Gangale, Rosa Tundis, Monica R Loizzo, Marco Bonesi, Francesco Menichini. Protective effect of Hypericum calabricum Sprengel on oxidative damage and its inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biological research. 2011; 44(3):213-8. doi: /s0716-97602011000300001. [PMID: 22688907]
  • Ali Ghasemzadeh, Hawa Z E Jaafar, Asmah Rahmat. Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate. International journal of molecular sciences. 2010 Nov; 11(11):4539-55. doi: 10.3390/ijms11114539. [PMID: 21151455]
  • Cüneyt Cirak, Jolita Radusiene, Valdimaras Janulis, Liudas Ivanauskas. Secondary metabolites of Hypericum confertum and their possible chemotaxonomic significance. Natural product communications. 2010 Jun; 5(6):897-8. doi: ". [PMID: 20614818]
  • Anil Kumar, Ruchika Garg, Atish K Prakash. Effect of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment on restraint stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2010 May; 10(?):18. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-18. [PMID: 20459658]
  • Dongmei Wang, Jie Bai, Feng Sun, Depo Yang. Chemical constituents and antidepressant activity of the new species Hypericum enshiense occurring in China. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2010 May; 17(6):410-3. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.015. [PMID: 19699627]
  • Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova, Paraskev Nedialkov, Gerassim Kitanov. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from Hypericum species growing in Bulgaria. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2010 Apr; 6(22):74-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.62889. [PMID: 20668569]
  • Dirk Hölscher, Rohit Shroff, Katrin Knop, Michael Gottschaldt, Anna Crecelius, Bernd Schneider, David G Heckel, Ulrich S Schubert, Ales Svatos. Matrix-free UV-laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric imaging at the single-cell level: distribution of secondary metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana and Hypericum species. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2009 Dec; 60(5):907-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04012.x. [PMID: 19732382]
  • Silvio Caccia, Marco Gobbi. St. John's wort components and the brain: uptake, concentrations reached and the mechanisms underlying pharmacological effects. Current drug metabolism. 2009 Nov; 10(9):1055-65. doi: 10.2174/138920009790711878. [PMID: 20214594]
  • Wendy Maury, Jason P Price, Melinda A Brindley, ChoonSeok Oh, Jeffrey D Neighbors, David F Wiemer, Nickolas Wills, Susan Carpenter, Cathy Hauck, Patricia Murphy, Mark P Widrlechner, Kathleen Delate, Ganesh Kumar, George A Kraus, Ludmila Rizshsky, Basil Nikolau. Identification of light-independent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection through bioguided fractionation of Hypericum perforatum. Virology journal. 2009 Jul; 6(?):101. doi: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-101. [PMID: 19594941]
  • Anastasia Karioti, Franco F Vincieri, Anna R Bilia. Rapid and efficient purification of naphthodianthrones from St. John's wort extract by using liquid-liquid extraction and SEC. Journal of separation science. 2009 May; 32(9):1374-82. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200800700. [PMID: 19360729]
  • Audrey Hecka, Benoît Maunit, Frédéric Aubriet, Jean-François Muller. Study of active naphtodianthrone St John's Wort compounds by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and multi-stage mass spectrometry in sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation modes. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2009 Mar; 23(6):885-98. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3952. [PMID: 19224526]
  • Cüneyt Cirak, Liudas Ivanauskas, Valdimaras Janulis, Jolita Radusiene. Chemical constituents of Hypericum adenotrichum Spach, an endemic Turkish species. Natural product research. 2009; 23(13):1189-95. doi: 10.1080/14786410802393209. [PMID: 19731137]
  • Ali Kemal Ayan, Cuneyt Cirak. Variation of hypericins in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra growing in different locations of Turkey during plant growth. Natural product research. 2008 Dec; 22(18):1597-604. doi: 10.1080/14786410701838213. [PMID: 19085414]
  • Marina Xenophontos, Ilias Stavropoulos, Emmanuel Avramakis, Eleni Navakoudis, Dieter Dörnemann, Kiriakos Kotzabasis. Influence of the habitat altitude on the (proto)hypericin and (proto)pseudohypericin levels of hypericum plants from Crete. Planta medica. 2008 Oct; 74(12):1496-503. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1081337. [PMID: 18671196]
  • Kimberly D P Hammer, Matthew L Hillwig, Jeffrey D Neighbors, Young-Je Sim, Marian L Kohut, David F Wiemer, Eve S Wurtele, Diane F Birt. Pseudohypericin is necessary for the light-activated inhibition of prostaglandin E2 pathways by a 4 component system mimicking an Hypericum perforatum fraction. Phytochemistry. 2008 Sep; 69(12):2354-62. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.010. [PMID: 18707743]
  • E M Galati, G Contartese, N Miceli, M F Taviano, V Sdrafkakis, M Couladis, O Tzakou, F Lanuzza. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Robson & Strid methanol extract. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2008 Jun; 22(6):766-71. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2360. [PMID: 18446843]
  • Cüneyt Cirak, Jolita Radusiene, Valdimaras Janulis, Liudas Ivanauskas. Pseudohypericin and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum from Northern Turkey: variation among populations, plant parts and phenological stages. Journal of integrative plant biology. 2008 May; 50(5):575-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00657.x. [PMID: 18713425]
  • Evangelos C Tatsis, Vassiliki Exarchou, Anastassios N Troganis, Ioannis P Gerothanassis. 1H NMR determination of hypericin and pseudohypericin in complex natural mixtures by the use of strongly deshielded OH groups. Analytica chimica acta. 2008 Jan; 607(2):219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.040. [PMID: 18190811]
  • M Xenophontos, E Stavropoulos, E Avramakis, E Navakoudis, D Dörnemann, K Kotzabasis. Influence of the developmental stage on the (proto)-hypericin and (proto)pseudohypericin levels of Hypericum plants from Crete. Planta medica. 2007 Oct; 73(12):1309-15. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-990222. [PMID: 17893828]
  • Kimberly D P Hammer, Matthew L Hillwig, Avery K S Solco, Philip M Dixon, Kathleen Delate, Patricia A Murphy, Eve S Wurtele, Diane F Birt. Inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) production by anti-inflammatory hypericum perforatum extracts and constituents in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Sep; 55(18):7323-31. doi: 10.1021/jf0710074. [PMID: 17696442]
  • Silvio Sosa, Roberto Pace, Anna Bornancin, Paolo Morazzoni, Antonella Riva, Aurelia Tubaro, Roberto Della Loggia. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and compounds from Hypericum perforatum L. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2007 May; 59(5):703-9. doi: 10.1211/jpp.59.5.0011. [PMID: 17524236]
  • Ulla Rückert, Werner Likussar, Astrid Michelitsch. Simultaneous determination of total hypericin and hyperforin in St. John's wort extracts by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2007 May; 18(3):204-8. doi: 10.1002/pca.969. [PMID: 17500362]
  • Hilde Laggner, Sabine Schreier, Marcela Hermann, Markus Exner, Adolf Mühl, Bernhard M K Gmeiner, Stylianos Kapiotis. The main components of St John's Wort inhibit low-density lipoprotein atherogenic modification: a beneficial "side effect" of an OTC antidepressant drug?. Free radical research. 2007 Feb; 41(2):234-41. doi: 10.1080/10715760600978831. [PMID: 17364950]
  • Ari Kornfeld, Peter B Kaufman, Casey R Lu, Donna M Gibson, Steven F Bolling, Sara L Warber, Soo Chul Chang, Ara Kirakosyan. The production of hypericins in two selected Hypericum perforatum shoot cultures is related to differences in black gland structure. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2007 Jan; 45(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.12.009. [PMID: 17300946]
  • Veronika Butterweck, Mathias Schmidt. St. John's wort: role of active compounds for its mechanism of action and efficacy. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2007; 157(13-14):356-61. doi: 10.1007/s10354-007-0440-8. [PMID: 17704987]
  • G R Vardapetian, A A Oganesian, E E Kabasakalian, S G Tiratsuian. [The influence of some elicitors on growth and morphogenesis of Hypericum perforatum callus cultures]. Ontogenez. 2006 Nov; 37(6):419-23. doi: . [PMID: 17168377]
  • S M A Zobayed, F Afreen, E Goto, T Kozai. Plant-environment interactions: Accumulation of hypericin in dark glands of Hypericum perforatum. Annals of botany. 2006 Oct; 98(4):793-804. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcl169. [PMID: 16891333]
  • Tanja Grimm, Roswitha Skrabala, Zuzana Chovanová, Jana Muchová, Katarína Sumegová, Anna Liptáková, Zdenka Duracková, Petra Högger. Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers. BMC clinical pharmacology. 2006 Aug; 6(?):4. doi: 10.1186/1472-6904-6-4. [PMID: 16887024]
  • Felicia B Williams, Lane C Sander, Stephen A Wise, James Girard. Development and evaluation of methods for determination of naphthodianthrones and flavonoids in St. John's wort. Journal of chromatography. A. 2006 May; 1115(1-2):93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.078. [PMID: 16554056]
  • Ulla Rückert, Karin Eggenreich, Werner Likussar, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Astrid Michelitsch. A high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the determination of total hypericin in extracts of St. John's Wort. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2006 May; 17(3):162-7. doi: 10.1002/pca.908. [PMID: 16749423]
  • Andrija Smelcerovic, Michael Spiteller, Sebastian Zuehlke. Comparison of methods for the exhaustive extraction of hypericins, flavonoids, and hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006 Apr; 54(7):2750-3. doi: 10.1021/jf0527246. [PMID: 16569071]
  • Mario Wurglics, Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz. Hypericum perforatum: a 'modern' herbal antidepressant: pharmacokinetics of active ingredients. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2006; 45(5):449-68. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200645050-00002. [PMID: 16640452]
  • Hans-Ulrich Schulz, Michael Schürer, Dagmar Bässler, Dieter Weiser. Investigation of the effect on photosensitivity following multiple oral dosing of two different hypericum extracts in healthy men. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 2006; 56(3):212-21. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296713. [PMID: 16618014]
  • Andrija Smelcerovic, Vijeshwar Verma, Michael Spiteller, Syed Mudasir Ahmad, Satish Chander Puri, Ghulam Nabi Qazi. Phytochemical analysis and genetic characterization of six Hypericum species from Serbia. Phytochemistry. 2006 Jan; 67(2):171-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.10.021. [PMID: 16324730]
  • Silvio Caccia. Antidepressant-like components of Hypericum perforatum extracts: an overview of their pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Current drug metabolism. 2005 Dec; 6(6):531-43. doi: 10.2174/138920005774832641. [PMID: 16379667]
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