Ginkgoic acid (BioDeep_00000869042)

Main id: BioDeep_00000008321

 

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 natural product


代谢物信息卡片


2-hydroxy-6-[(Z)-pentadec-8-enyl]benzoic acid

化学式: C22H34O3 (346.2508)
中文名称: 银杏酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCc1cccc(c1C(=O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H34O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-16-19-17-15-18-20(23)21(19)22(24)25/h7-8,15,17-18,23H,2-6,9-14,16H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b8-7-

描述信息

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates
Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.
Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

同义名列表

15 个代谢物同义名

2-hydroxy-6-[(Z)-pentadec-8-enyl]benzoic acid; SDCCGMLS-0066799.P001; Anacardic acid B; Spectrum5_000899; SPECTRUM1505247; NCGC00095338-01; Ginkgolic acid; BSPBio_002625; Ginkgoic acid; 22910-60-7; C10794; Ginkgolic acid (15:1); Ginkgolic acid I; Romanicardic acid; Ginkgoic acid



数据库引用编号

11 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

50 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 17 BCL2, BECN1, CASP9, DCTN4, FASN, JAK2, MTOR, PIK3CA, PIN1, PML, PRKAA2, PTGS2, PTPN9, SMAD4, SNCA, SUMO1, SUMO3
Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane 1 BECN1
Peripheral membrane protein 5 BECN1, JAK2, MTOR, PML, PTGS2
Endosome membrane 1 BECN1
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 5 BCL2, BECN1, MTOR, PML, PTGS2
Mitochondrion membrane 1 BECN1
Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome 1 BECN1
Nucleus 14 BCL2, BECN1, CASP9, DCTN4, JAK2, MTOR, PIN1, PML, PRKAA2, SMAD4, SNCA, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3
autophagosome 1 BECN1
cytosol 14 BCL2, BECN1, CASP9, DCTN4, FASN, JAK2, MTOR, PIK3CA, PIN1, PML, PRKAA2, SMAD4, SNCA, SUMO1
dendrite 3 BECN1, MTOR, PRKAA2
mitochondrial membrane 1 BECN1
nuclear body 2 BECN1, SUMO1
phagocytic vesicle 2 BECN1, MTOR
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III 1 BECN1
trans-Golgi network 1 BECN1
centrosome 2 DCTN4, SMAD4
nucleoplasm 10 JAK2, MTOR, PIN1, PML, PRKAA2, PTPN9, SMAD4, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 SMAD4
Cell membrane 2 GLRA2, SUMO1
Cytoplasmic side 2 MTOR, PML
lamellipodium 1 PIK3CA
Cell projection, axon 1 SNCA
Early endosome membrane 1 PML
Multi-pass membrane protein 1 GLRA2
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 MTOR
Synapse 2 GLRA2, SNCA
cell cortex 2 DCTN4, SNCA
glutamatergic synapse 3 JAK2, PIN1, SUMO1
Golgi apparatus 2 FASN, PRKAA2
Golgi membrane 1 MTOR
growth cone 1 SNCA
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body 2 PRKAA2, SNCA
postsynapse 2 JAK2, SNCA
Lysosome 2 MTOR, SNCA
endosome 1 BECN1
plasma membrane 6 FASN, GLRA2, JAK2, PIK3CA, SNCA, SUMO1
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 SNCA
Membrane 7 BCL2, FASN, GLRA2, JAK2, MTOR, PRKAA2, SNCA
axon 2 PRKAA2, SNCA
caveola 2 JAK2, PTGS2
extracellular exosome 1 FASN
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 3 BCL2, BECN1, PTGS2
extracellular space 2 CTRL, SNCA
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 2 PIK3CA, SNCA
intercalated disc 1 PIK3CA
mitochondrion 3 BCL2, CASP9, SNCA
protein-containing complex 4 BCL2, CASP9, PTGS2, SNCA
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 1 GLRA2
Microsome membrane 2 MTOR, PTGS2
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Secreted 1 SNCA
extracellular region 1 SNCA
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 JAK2
Mitochondrion outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
transcription regulator complex 1 SMAD4
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome 1 DCTN4
Nucleus membrane 2 BCL2, SUMO1
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 3 BCL2, PML, SUMO1
actin cytoskeleton 1 SNCA
nucleolus 2 PML, SUMO1
midbody 1 PIN1
Membrane raft 1 JAK2
pore complex 1 BCL2
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 DCTN4
focal adhesion 2 DCTN4, JAK2
GABA-ergic synapse 1 GLRA2
Nucleus, PML body 4 MTOR, PML, SUMO1, SUMO3
PML body 5 MTOR, PML, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3
nuclear speck 3 PIN1, PRKAA2, SUMO1
Nucleus inner membrane 1 PTGS2
Nucleus outer membrane 1 PTGS2
nuclear inner membrane 1 PTGS2
nuclear outer membrane 1 PTGS2
Postsynaptic cell membrane 1 GLRA2
Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere 1 DCTN4
sarcomere 1 DCTN4
neuron projection 2 GLRA2, PTGS2
ciliary basal body 1 PIN1
chromatin 1 SMAD4
cell projection 1 GLRA2
supramolecular fiber 1 SNCA
cytoskeleton 1 JAK2
spindle pole 1 DCTN4
chromosome, telomeric region 1 PML
Cytoplasm, cell cortex 1 DCTN4
transmembrane transporter complex 1 GLRA2
nuclear envelope 1 MTOR
nuclear pore 1 SUMO1
Endomembrane system 2 JAK2, MTOR
endosome lumen 1 JAK2
chloride channel complex 1 GLRA2
phagophore assembly site 1 BECN1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I 1 BECN1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II 1 BECN1
Melanosome 1 FASN
cytoplasmic stress granule 1 PRKAA2
Nucleus speckle 2 PIN1, SUMO1
euchromatin 1 JAK2
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
stress fiber 1 DCTN4
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 PTGS2
nuclear matrix 1 PML
axon terminus 1 SNCA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1 PIK3CA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA 1 PIK3CA
dynactin complex 1 DCTN4
kinetochore 2 DCTN4, SUMO3
XY body 1 SUMO1
cytoplasmic dynein complex 1 DCTN4
apoptosome 1 CASP9
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, stress fiber 1 DCTN4
extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 JAK2
heteromeric SMAD protein complex 1 SMAD4
SMAD protein complex 1 SMAD4
postsynaptic specialization membrane 1 GLRA2
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex 1 PRKAA2
postsynaptic cytosol 2 PIN1, SUMO1
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
extrinsic component of plasma membrane 1 JAK2
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex 1 JAK2
interleukin-12 receptor complex 1 JAK2
interleukin-23 receptor complex 1 JAK2
activin responsive factor complex 1 SMAD4
presynaptic cytosol 1 SUMO1
inclusion body 1 SNCA
glycinergic synapse 1 GLRA2
neuron projection terminus 1 PTPN9
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane 1 BECN1
nuclear stress granule 1 SUMO1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB 1 PIK3CA
glycogen granule 1 FASN
caspase complex 1 CASP9
[Beclin-1-C 35 kDa]: Mitochondrion 1 BECN1
[Beclin-1-C 37 kDa]: Mitochondrion 1 BECN1


文献列表

  • Jinchao Wei, Renjian Xu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Lingyu Zhao, Shumu Li, Zhenwen Zhao. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Distinguishing the Origin of Ellagic Acid Extracts: Pomegranate Peels or Gallnuts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 Jan; 29(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules29030666. [PMID: 38338410]
  • Yusen Xiang, Guanglei Zhai, Yaozong Li, Mengge Wang, Xixiang Chen, Ruyu Wang, Hang Xie, Weidong Zhang, Guangbo Ge, Qian Zhang, Yechun Xu, Amedeo Caflisch, Jianrong Xu, Hongzhuan Chen, Lili Chen. Ginkgolic acids inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its variants by blocking the spike protein/ACE2 interplay. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2023 Jan; 226(?):780-792. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.057. [PMID: 36521705]
  • Xiaojia Su, Ruirui Shi, Haiyan Hu, Linfeng Hu, Qichao Wei, Yuanyuan Guan, Jingling Chang, Chengwei Li. Medicinal Values and Potential Risks Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (GBE) Drinks Made from the Leaves in Autumn as Dietary Supplements. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Nov; 27(21):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217479. [PMID: 36364306]
  • Isaac Duah Boateng. A critical review of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb): toxicity and technologies to remove ginkgolic acids and their promising bioactivities. Food & function. 2022 Sep; 13(18):9226-9242. doi: 10.1039/d2fo01827f. [PMID: 36065842]
  • Isaac Duah Boateng. A critical review of current technologies used to reduce ginkgotoxin, ginkgotoxin-5'-glucoside, ginkgolic acid, allergic glycoprotein, and cyanide in Ginkgo biloba L. seed. Food chemistry. 2022 Jul; 382(?):132408. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132408. [PMID: 35176549]
  • Zewen Wen, Yuxi Zhao, Zhengyang Gong, Yuanyuan Tang, Yanpeng Xiong, Junwen Chen, Chengchun Chen, Yufang Zhang, Shanghong Liu, Jinxin Zheng, Duoyun Li, Qiwen Deng, Zhijian Yu. The Mechanism of Action of Ginkgolic Acid (15:1) against Gram-Positive Bacteria Involves Cross Talk with Iron Homeostasis. Microbiology spectrum. 2022 02; 10(1):e0099121. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00991-21. [PMID: 35019708]
  • Hong-Mei Li, Hui Ma, Xiaolong Sun, Bohan Li, Chengjiang Cao, Yiqun Dai, Meilin Zhu, Cheng-Zhu Wu. Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginkgolic Acids in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-2Z Cells via Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Oct; 26(21):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216575. [PMID: 34770993]
  • Yuan Xiong, Guang-Hao Zhu, Hao-Nan Wang, Qing Hu, Li-Li Chen, Xiao-Qing Guan, Hui-Liang Li, Hong-Zhuan Chen, Hui Tang, Guang-Bo Ge. Discovery of naturally occurring inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro from Ginkgo biloba leaves via large-scale screening. Fitoterapia. 2021 Jul; 152(?):104909. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104909. [PMID: 33894315]
  • Hung-Yueh Chen, Yuwen Ting, Hsing-Chun Kuo, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Chun-Nan Wu, Kuan-Chen Cheng. Enzymatic degradation of ginkgolic acids by laccase immobilized on core/shell Fe3O4/nylon composite nanoparticles using novel coaxial electrospraying process. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 Mar; 172(?):270-280. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.004. [PMID: 33418049]
  • Piotr Migas, Anna Romańczuk, Marta Szumacher, Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska. Application of targeted 2D planar chromatography in the control of ginkgolic acids in some herbal drugs and dietary supplements. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). 2020 Jun; 70(2):201-213. doi: 10.2478/acph-2020-0004. [PMID: 31955143]
  • Hung-Yueh Chen, Kuan-Chen Cheng, Ren-Jun Hsu, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Hsueh-Ting Wang, Yuwen Ting. Enzymatic degradation of ginkgolic acid by laccase immobilized on novel electrospun nanofiber mat. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2020 Apr; 100(6):2705-2712. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10301. [PMID: 32003007]
  • Muhamad Aqmal Othman, Kohei Yuyama, Yuta Murai, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Daisuke Mikami, Yasodha Sivasothy, Khalijah Awang, Kenji Monde. Malabaricone C as Natural Sphingomyelin Synthase Inhibitor against Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Lipid Metabolism in Mice. ACS medicinal chemistry letters. 2019 Aug; 10(8):1154-1158. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00171. [PMID: 31413799]
  • Yiyun Qian, Shulan Su, Min Wei, Zhenhua Zhu, Sheng Guo, Hui Yan, Jinhua Tao, Dawei Qian, Jin-Ao Duan. Interactions of pharmacokinetic profiles of Ginkgotoxin and Ginkgolic acids in rat plasma after oral administration. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2019 Jan; 163(?):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.053. [PMID: 30286439]
  • Heng Zhu, Hailong Jiang, Jinqian Yu, Xiangyun Song, Hengqiang Zhao, Jingchao Li, Yanling Geng, Daijie Wang. Application of coordination agent in high-speed counter-current chromatography for the preparative separation and isolation ginkgolic acids from the sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba L. Journal of separation science. 2018 Dec; 41(23):4379-4386. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201800637. [PMID: 30302914]
  • Mahadeva M M Swamy, Yuta Murai, Yusuke Ohno, Keisuke Jojima, Akio Kihara, Susumu Mitsutake, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Jian Yu, Min Yao, Yoshiko Suga, Masaki Anetai, Kenji Monde. Structure-inspired design of a sphingolipid mimic sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist from a naturally occurring sphingomyelin synthase inhibitor. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England). 2018 Nov; 54(90):12758-12761. doi: 10.1039/c8cc05595e. [PMID: 30362470]
  • Qing-Qing Yao, Li Li, Ming-Cheng Xu, Hai-Hong Hu, Hui Zhou, Lu-Shan Yu, Su Zeng. The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of ginkgolic acid (17 : 1) in vitro. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2018 Nov; 16(11):829-837. doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30124-9. [PMID: 30502764]
  • Yuxia Liu, Bin Yang, Lirong Zhang, Xianling Cong, Zhen Liu, Yu Hu, Jing Zhang, Haixia Hu. Ginkgolic acid induces interplay between apoptosis and autophagy regulated by ROS generation in colon cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2018 03; 498(1):246-253. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.091. [PMID: 29353042]
  • Zhongping Huang, Yueting Xu, Yilei Huang, Charles Liu, Kezhi Jiang, Lili Wang. Rapid determination of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba kernels and leaves by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry. Journal of separation science. 2017 Dec; 40(24):4857-4864. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201700626. [PMID: 29134743]
  • Yiyun Qian, Yunru Peng, Erxin Shang, Ming Zhao, Liang Yan, Zhenhua Zhu, Jinhua Tao, Shulan Su, Sheng Guo, Jin-Ao Duan. Metabolic profiling of the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of Ginkgolic acids in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry. Chemico-biological interactions. 2017 Aug; 273(?):11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.020. [PMID: 28564578]
  • Qing-Qing Yao, Zhen-Hua Liu, Ming-Cheng Xu, Hai-Hong Hu, Hui Zhou, Hui-Di Jiang, Lu-Shan Yu, Su Zeng. Mechanism for ginkgolic acid (15 : 1)-induced MDCK cell necrosis: Mitochondria and lysosomes damages and cell cycle arrest. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2017 May; 15(5):375-383. doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30058-4. [PMID: 28558873]
  • Lei Jiang, Zhi-Hong Si, Ming-Hui Li, He Zhao, Yong-Hong Fu, Yue-Xiao Xing, Wei Hong, Ling-Yu Ruan, Pu-Min Li, Jun-Song Wang. 1H NMR-based metabolomics study of liver damage induced by ginkgolic acid (15:1) in mice. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2017 Mar; 136(?):44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.033. [PMID: 28063335]
  • Seung Ho Baek, Jong Hyun Lee, Chulwon Kim, Jeong-Hyeon Ko, Seung-Hee Ryu, Seok-Geun Lee, Woong Mo Yang, Jae-Young Um, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn. Ginkgolic Acid C 17:1, Derived from Ginkgo biloba Leaves, Suppresses Constitutive and Inducible STAT3 Activation through Induction of PTEN and SHP-1 Tyrosine Phosphatase. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017 Feb; 22(2):. doi: 10.3390/molecules22020276. [PMID: 28208828]
  • Yiyun Qian, Zhenhua Zhu, Jin-Ao Duan, Sheng Guo, Erxin Shang, Jinhua Tao, Shulan Su, Jianming Guo. Simultaneous quantification and semi-quantification of ginkgolic acids and their metabolites in rat plasma by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and its application to pharmacokinetics study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2017 Jan; 1041-1042(?):85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.038. [PMID: 28013179]
  • Zhebin Hua, Caie Wu, Gongjian Fan, Zhenxing Tang, Fuliang Cao. The antibacterial activity and mechanism of ginkgolic acid C15:1. BMC biotechnology. 2017 01; 17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12896-016-0324-3. [PMID: 28088196]
  • Mei Wang, Emily J Carrell, Amar G Chittiboyina, Bharathi Avula, Yan-Hong Wang, Jianping Zhao, Jon F Parcher, Ikhlas A Khan. Concurrent supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of terpene lactones and ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts and dietary supplements. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2016 Jul; 408(17):4649-60. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9544-6. [PMID: 27129974]
  • Jian Sun, Limin Li, Qing Hu, Xiuhong Mao, Shen Ji. [Determination of ginkgolic acids in the ginkgo biloba extract and its preparations by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2016 Feb; 34(2):184-8. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2015.08027. [PMID: 27382724]
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  • Wen Zheng, Ximin Li, Lin Zhang, Yanzhen Zhang, Xiaoping Lu, Jingkui Tian. Improved metabolites of pharmaceutical ingredient grade Ginkgo biloba and the correlated proteomics analysis. Proteomics. 2015 Jun; 15(11):1868-83. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400258. [PMID: 25604066]
  • Chunyuan Guo, Qingqing Wei, Yunchao Su, Zheng Dong. SUMOylation occurs in acute kidney injury and plays a cytoprotective role. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2015 Mar; 1852(3):482-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.013. [PMID: 25533125]
  • Kerstin Berg, Christine Braun, Isabel Krug, Dieter Schrenk. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of three ginkgolic acids. Toxicology. 2015 Jan; 327(?):47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.001. [PMID: 25448085]
  • Ruwei Wang, Yuta Kobayashi, Yu Lin, Hans Wilhelm Rauwald, Jianbiao Yao, Ling Fang, Hongxiang Qiao, Kenny Kuchta. HPLC quantification of all five ginkgolic acid derivatives in Ginkgo biloba extracts using 13 : 0 ginkgolic acid as a single marker compound. Planta medica. 2015 Jan; 81(1):71-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383312. [PMID: 25519835]
  • Mei Wang, Jianping Zhao, Bharathi Avula, Yan-Hong Wang, Cristina Avonto, Amar G Chittiboyina, Philip L Wylie, Jon F Parcher, Ikhlas A Khan. High-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for characterization and quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba plants, extracts, and dietary supplements. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014 Dec; 62(50):12103-11. doi: 10.1021/jf503980f. [PMID: 25383633]
  • Irini Tossidou, Erik Himmelseher, Beina Teng, Hermann Haller, Mario Schiffer. SUMOylation determines turnover and localization of nephrin at the plasma membrane. Kidney international. 2014 Dec; 86(6):1161-73. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.198. [PMID: 24940800]
  • Wenhua Ji, Xiuli Ma, Hongkai Xie, Lingxiao Chen, Xiao Wang, Hengqiang Zhao, Luqi Huang. Molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extracts. Journal of chromatography. A. 2014 Nov; 1368(?):44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.070. [PMID: 25441343]
  • Li Li, Qing-Qing Yao, Si-Yun Xu, Hai-Hong Hu, Qi Shen, Ye Tian, Lan-Ying Pan, Hui Zhou, Hui-di Jiang, Chuang Lu, Lu-Shan Yu, Su Zeng. Cyclosporin A affects the bioavailability of ginkgolic acids via inhibition of P-gp and BCRP. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2014 Nov; 88(3):759-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.06.012. [PMID: 24980806]
  • Agus Sukito, Sanro Tachibana. Potent α-glucosidase inhibitors isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS. 2014 Nov; 17(11):1170-8. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.1170.1178. [PMID: 26027162]
  • Renkai Li, Yao Shen, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ming Ma, Bo Chen, Teris A van Beek. Efficient purification of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves by selective adsorption on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Journal of natural products. 2014 Mar; 77(3):571-5. doi: 10.1021/np400821r. [PMID: 24484321]
  • Jin-Hyung Lee, Yong-Guy Kim, Shi Yong Ryu, Moo Hwan Cho, Jintae Lee. Ginkgolic acids and Ginkgo biloba extract inhibit Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. International journal of food microbiology. 2014 Mar; 174(?):47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.030. [PMID: 24457153]
  • Jianbo Chen, Suqin Sun, Qun Zhou. Direct observation of bulk and surface chemical morphologies of Ginkgo biloba leaves by Fourier transform mid- and near-infrared microspectroscopic imaging. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2013 Nov; 405(29):9385-400. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-7366-3. [PMID: 24091737]
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  • Yuanqing Fu, Shan Hong, Duo Li, Songbai Liu. Novel chemical synthesis of ginkgolic acid (13:0) and evaluation of its tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2013 Jun; 61(22):5347-52. doi: 10.1021/jf4012642. [PMID: 23701207]
  • Joonseok Oh, In Hyun Hwang, Chang-Eui Hong, Su-Yun Lyu, MinKyun Na. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase by ginkgolic acids from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba and their cytotoxic activity. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry. 2013 Jun; 28(3):565-8. doi: 10.3109/14756366.2012.658786. [PMID: 22380770]
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