Subcellular Location: Nucleus envelope

Quercitrin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Quercitrin, also known as quercimelin or quercitronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Quercitrin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Quercitrin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as lingonberries, american cranberries, and olives and in a lower concentration in common beans, tea, and welsh onions. Quercitrin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as guava, bilberries, common pea, apricots, and spearmints. Quercitrin is a quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antileishmanial agent, an EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative, a tetrahydroxyflavone, an alpha-L-rhamnoside and a quercetin O-glycoside. It is a conjugate acid of a quercitrin-7-olate. Quercitrin is a natural product found in Xylopia emarginata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available. Quercitrin is a glycoside formed from the flavonoid quercetin and the deoxy sugar rhamnose. It is a constituent of the dye quercitron. Quercitrin is found in many foods, some of which are garden tomato (variety), kiwi, italian sweet red pepper, and guava. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_40eV.txt Quercitrin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=522-12-3 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 522-12-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2].

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). Isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Agnuside is found in fruits. Agnuside is isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

Geraniin

C41H28O27 (952.0818)

Geraniin is a tannin. Geraniin is a natural product found in Euphorbia makinoi, Macaranga tanarius, and other organisms with data available. Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM. Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM.

Jatrorrhizine

C20H20NO4+ (338.1392)

Jatrorrhizine is an alkaloid.

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Isofraxidin, also known as 6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin or 7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-hydroxycoumarins. 7-hydroxycoumarins are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the C7 position the coumarin skeleton. Isofraxidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isofraxidin can be found in muskmelon, tarragon, and watermelon, which makes isofraxidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isofraxidin is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Eleutherococcus senticosus . Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Orsellinic_acid

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

O-orsellinic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a metabolite, a marine metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is a dihydroxybenzoic acid and a member of resorcinols. It is a conjugate acid of an o-orsellinate. 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid is a natural product found in Nidularia pulvinata, Hypoxylon rubiginosum, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group. Orsellinic acid is a compound produced by Lecanoric acid treated with alcohols. Lecanoric acid is a lichen depside isolated from a Parmotrema tinctorum specimen[1].

Narcissin

C28H32O16 (624.169)

Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a disaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. Narcissoside is a natural product found in Phoenix canariensis, Scolymus hispanicus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginkgo (part of); Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1]. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1].

3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole

C11H14N2 (174.1157)

3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole, also known as donaxin or (1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)dimethylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. 3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as barley, brassicas, cereals and cereal products, common wheats, and lupines. This could make 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Gramine is an aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a serotonergic antagonist, an antiviral agent and an antibacterial agent. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a gramine(1+). Gramine is a natural product found in Desmanthus illinoensis, Lupinus arbustus, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from cabbage and barley shoots. 3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole is found in many foods, some of which are cereals and cereal products, brassicas, common wheat, and barley. An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 14 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 37 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 44 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 22 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 58 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 29 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 7 KEIO_ID G041 Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].

Protodioscin

C51H84O22 (1048.5454)

Protodioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative, a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic hemiketal. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Protodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Borassus flabellifer, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). Asparasaponin I is found in fenugreek. Asparasaponin I is a bitter principle from white asparagus shoots (Asparagus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum From Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties.

Nomilin

C28H34O9 (514.2203)

Nomilin is a limonoid. 1-(Acetyloxy)-1,2-dihydroobacunoic acid e-lactone is a natural product found in Citrus latipes, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Nomilin is found in lemon, sweet orange, and citrus. Nomilin is found in citrus. Nomilin is a constituent of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2]. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2].

Dihydrocapsaicin

C18H29NO3 (307.2147)

Dihydrocapsaicin is found in pepper (C. annuum). It is a potential nutriceutical. Dihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid and analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin it is an irritant. Dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 22\\\\\% of the total capsaicinoids mixture and has about the same pungency as capsaicin. Pure dihydrocapsaicin is a lipophilic colorless odorless crystalline to waxy compound. It is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and 100 \\\\\% ethanol. Dihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid. Dihydrocapsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum annuum, and Ganoderma lucidum with data available. See also: Capsicum (part of); Paprika (part of); Habanero (part of) ... View More ... Potential nutriceutical Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].

Phorbol

C20H28O6 (364.1886)

Phorbol is a white solid. (NTP, 1992) Phorbol is a diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an enone, a cyclic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a tigliane. Phorbol is a natural product found in Euphorbia tirucalli, Croton tiglium, and Rehmannia glutinosa with data available. Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium. The structure of phorbol was determined in 1967. It is very soluble in most polar organic solvents, as well as in water. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties.

Senecionine

C18H25NO5 (335.1733)

Senecionine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lactone, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to a senecionan. It is a conjugate base of a senecionine(1+). Senecionine is a natural product found in Dorobaea pimpinellifolia, Crotalaria micans, and other organisms with data available. Senecionine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C18H25NO5. It is classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. See also: Petasites hybridus root (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of); Tussilago farfara leaf (part of). A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2251 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 122 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 102 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 142 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 152 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 162 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 172 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 132 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 112 [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_40eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_10eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_30eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_20eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_50eV_CB000034.txt Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)[1][2][3]. Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)[1][2][3].

4-Hydroxycoumarin

C9H6O3 (162.0317)

4-hydroxycoumarin is a hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxycoumarin(1-). 4-Hydroxycoumarin is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Ruta graveolens, and Apis cerana with data available. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk) D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D015110 - 4-Hydroxycoumarins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2312 4-Hydroxycoumarin, a coumarin derivative, is one of the most versatile heterocyclic scaffolds and is frequently applied in the synthesis of various organic compounds. 4-Hydroxycoumarin possesses both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives are employed as the anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, HIV protease inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors[1]. 4-Hydroxycoumarin, a coumarin derivative, is one of the most versatile heterocyclic scaffolds and is frequently applied in the synthesis of various organic compounds. 4-Hydroxycoumarin possesses both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives are employed as the anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, HIV protease inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors[1].

Atractylon

C15H20O (216.1514)

Atractylone is a sesquiterpenoid. Atractylon is a natural product found in Eugenia uniflora, Prumnopitys andina, and other organisms with data available.

Nodakenetic

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetic, also known as (-)-marmesin or marmesin, (R)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as psoralens. Psoralens are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Nodakenetic is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Nodakenetic can be found in wild celery, which makes nodakenetic a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Nodakenetin is a marmesin with R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a rat metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-marmesin. Nodakenetin is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Melicope barbigera, and other organisms with data available. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.

(S)-[8]-Gingerol

C19H30O4 (322.2144)

(8)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (8)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). (S)-[8]-Gingerol is found in ginger. (S)-[8]-Gingerol is a constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. (S)-[8]-Gingerol is found in herbs and spices and ginger. 8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2]. 8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2].

Worenin

C20H16NO4+ (334.1079)

Worenine is an alkaloid.

(S)-[10]-Gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

(10)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (10)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). (S)-[10]-Gingerol is found in ginger. (S)-[10]-Gingerol is a constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Constituent of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. (S)-[10]-Gingerol is found in herbs and spices and ginger. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

Yamogenin

C27H42O3 (414.3134)

Yamogenin is a triterpenoid. Yamogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline australis, Solanum spirale, and other organisms with data available. See also: Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].

friedelanol

C30H52O (428.4018)

Epi-Friedelanol is a triterpenoid. Epifriedelanol is a natural product found in Plenckia populnea, Quercus glauca, and other organisms with data available.

Cymarin

C30H44O9 (548.2985)

Cymarin is a cardenolide glycoside. Cymarin is a natural product found in Apocynum cannabinum, Adonis amurensis, and other organisms with data available. A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01A - Cardiac glycosides > C01AC - Strophanthus glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Petroselinic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Petroselinic acid, also known as (6Z)-Octadecenoic acid, is an 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in several animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a white powder and is commercially available. In chemical terms, petroselinic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid, abbreviated as 18:1 cis-6. Petroselinic acid is a positional isomer of oleic acid. The term "petroselinic" means related to, or derived from, oil of Petroselinum, or oil of parsley. Petroselinic acid was first isolated from parsley seed oil in 1909. Petroselinic acid occurs in high amounts in plants in the Apiaceae family (a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the genus Apium and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family), Araliaceae (a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants), Griselinia (Griseliniaceae) and in Garryaceae. The occurrence of petroselinic acid as the major fatty acid is used in chemosystematics as a proof of a close relationship of several families within the Apiales as well as within the Garryales. Petroselonic acid has been found in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and caraway seeds. In addition, petroselinic acid has been found in minor amounts in several fats of plant and animal origin, including in human sources. Petroselinic acid is an important oleochemical material for the food, cosmetics, chemistry and pharmaceutical industry (PMID: 16604360) as it can be easily processed into lauric and adipinic acid. Petroselinic acid is the cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a petroselinate. Petroselinic acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, and other organisms with data available. Found in umbelliferous seed oils e.g. major constituent of oils of parsley, ivy, fennel, celery and others [DFC]. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

Gossypetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

Gossypetin is a hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- 7- and 8-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a hexahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a gossypetin-3-olate and a gossypetin(1-). Gossypetin is a natural product found in Sedum brevifolium, Rhododendron stenophyllum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Primula veris flower (part of); Larrea tridentata whole (part of). A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- 7- and 8-positions.

(-)-3-Isothujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

Yakuchinone-A

C20H24O3 (312.1725)

1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone is a ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 7. Isolated from in Alpinia oxyphylla, it exhibits antineoplastic and inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and NO synthase. It has a role as a metabolite, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a ketone. Yakuchinone-A is a natural product found in Alpinia oxyphylla with data available. Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

D-Citronellol

C10H20O (156.1514)

Citronellol is formally classified as alkylalcohol although it is biochemically a monoterpenoid as it is synthesized from isoprene units. Citronellol is a neutral compound. It is a naturally occurring organic compound found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Citronellol occurs in many essential oils as either ‚Äì or + enantiomers. -Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55\\\\\\%) and Pelargonium geraniums while + citronellol is found in citronella oils extracted from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon nardus or citronella grass. Citronellol has a citrus, floral, and geranium taste with a floral¬†leathery¬†waxy¬†rose¬†citrus odor ( Ref:DOI ). It is used in perfumery to add scents to soaps and incense. It is an insect repellent that repels mosquitos at short distances (PMID:2862274 ). Citronellol is found in highest concentrations in gingers, sweet basils, and winter savories and in lower concentrations in highbush blueberries, bilberries, and cardamoms. Citronellol has also been detected in blackcurrants, fennels, evergreen blackberries, herbs and spices, and nutmegs making citronellol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Citronellol has promising pharmacological activities (PMID:30453001 ) against human lung cancer (PMID:31280209 ), against induced rat breast cancer (PMID:31313341 ), has antifungal activity against Candida species (PMID:32150884 ) and has anti-hypertensive properties (PMID:26872991 ). (R)-(+)-citronellol is a citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-(-)-citronellol. D-Citronellol is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Saxifraga stolonifera, and other organisms with data available. See also: beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL (component of); beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL; LINALOOL, (+/-)- (component of) ... View More ... Constituent of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. A common constituent of plant oils, especies in the Rutaceae. D-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].

Lupeyl acetate

C32H52O2 (468.3967)

Lupeol acetate is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Lupeol acetate is a natural product found in Euphorbia dracunculoides, Euphorbia larica, and other organisms with data available. Lupeol acetate, a derivative of Lupeol, suppresses the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inhibiting the activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis through downregulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF and granzyme B[1]. Lupeol acetate, a derivative of Lupeol, suppresses the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inhibiting the activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis through downregulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF and granzyme B[1].

Petunidin

C16H13ClO7 (352.035)

Petunidin chloride is an anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component. It has a role as a metabolite. An anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component.

Orcinol

C7H8O2 (124.0524)

Orcinol is a 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a 5-alkylresorcinol and a dihydroxytoluene. Orcinol is a natural product found in Calluna vulgaris, Rumex patientia, and other organisms with data available. A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.272 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.266 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.263 KEIO_ID O013

3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde appears as needles or chunky light peach powder. Has an odor of vanilla beans. (NTP, 1992) Veratraldehyde is a dimethoxybenzene that is benzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It is found in peppermint, ginger, raspberry, and other fruits. It has a role as an antifungal agent. It is a member of benzaldehydes and a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Polygala senega, Pluchea sagittalis, and other organisms with data available. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in fruits. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used in vanilla flavour Isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in vanilla flavours. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in peppermint, herbs and spices, and fruits. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3954 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3929 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3941; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3940 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3961 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3960 Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

cellohexose

C36H62O31 (990.3275)

Beta-D-cellohexaose is a D-cellohexaose in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.

(-)-Menthone

C10H18O (154.1358)

(-)-menthone, also known as P-menthan-3-one or (2s,5r)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, (-)-menthone is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule (-)-menthone is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (-)-menthone is a fresh, green, and minty tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lemon, kai-lan, babassu palm, and linden, which makes (-)-menthone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (-)-menthone exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. (-)-Menthone, also known as (1R,4S)-menthone or L-menthone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. (-)-Menthone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, (-)-menthone is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. (-)-menthone is a menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer). It is an enantiomer of a (+)-menthone. Menthone is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Hedeoma multiflora, and other organisms with data available. Menthone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer). (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\\\% and 94.92\\\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\\% and 94.92\\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\% and 94.92\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\% and 94.92\\\%. [2] Menthone, a monoterpene extracted from plants and Mentha oil with strong antioxidant properties. Menthone is a main volatile component of the essential oil, and has anti-Inflammatory properties in Schistosoma mansoni Infection[1][2]. Menthone, a monoterpene extracted from plants and Mentha oil with strong antioxidant properties. Menthone is a main volatile component of the essential oil, and has anti-Inflammatory properties in Schistosoma mansoni Infection[1][2].

Aloesin

C19H22O9 (394.1264)

Aloesin is a member of chromones. Aloesin is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Aloe castanea, and other organisms with data available.

Pinostilbene

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene is a stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol. 3-Methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene is a natural product found in Soymida febrifuga, Rumex bucephalophorus, and other organisms with data available. A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether. Pinostilbene (trans-Pinostilbene) is a major metabolite of Pterostilbene. Pinostilbene exhibits inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells[1]. Pinostilbene (trans-Pinostilbene) is a major metabolite of Pterostilbene. Pinostilbene exhibits inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells[1].

Fraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Fraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Fraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia minor, Melilotus messanensis, and other organisms with data available. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2344 Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2].

Nonacosane

C29H60 (408.4695)

Nonacosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]27-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Nonacosane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C29H60. Nonacosane has been identified within several essential oils. Nonacosane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as peachs, ginkgo nuts, cauliflowers, arabica coffee, and lambsquarters. This could make nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito). It can also be prepared synthetically. It has 1,590,507,121 constitutional isomers. Nonacosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]27-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane can be found in a number of food items such as garden tomato (variety), papaya, brussel sprouts, and wild carrot, which makes nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito) . Nonacosane is a straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Nonacosane is a natural product found in Euphorbia larica, Quercus salicina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). A straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].

Cirsimaritin

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Cirsimaritin, also known as 4,5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone or scrophulein, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, cirsimaritin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cirsimaritin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cirsimaritin can be found in a number of food items such as italian oregano, lemon verbena, winter savory, and rosemary, which makes cirsimaritin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Verbinone

C10H14O (150.1045)

Verbenone, also known as verbenone, (1r)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Verbenone is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Verbenone is a camphor, celery, and menthol tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as spearmint, cabbage, white cabbage, and rosemary, which makes verbenone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Verbenone is a natural organic compound classified as a terpene that is found naturally in a variety of plants. The chemical has a pleasant characteristic odor. Besides being a natural constituent of plants, it and its analogs are insect pheromones. In particular, verbenone when formulated in a long-lasting matrix has an important role in the control of bark beetles such as the mountain pine beetle and the Southern pine bark beetle . 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one is a carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4. It is a carbobicyclic compound, a cyclic ketone and an enone. Verbenone is a natural product found in Eucalyptus fasciculosa, Eucalyptus intertexta, and other organisms with data available. Verbenone ((-)-Verbenone) is a natural terpene in leaves of the tree, Verbena officinalis[1]. Verbenone has anti-aggregation pheromone and interrupts the attraction of bark beetles to their aggregation pheromones[2]. Verbenone ((-)-Verbenone) is a natural terpene in leaves of the tree, Verbena officinalis[1]. Verbenone has anti-aggregation pheromone and interrupts the attraction of bark beetles to their aggregation pheromones[2].

Geranyl acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

Geranyl acetate is a clear colorless liquid with an odor of lavender. (NTP, 1992) Geranyl acetate is a monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an acetate ester and a monoterpenoid. It is functionally related to a geraniol. Geranyl acetate is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. See also: Lemon oil, cold pressed (part of); Coriander Oil (part of); Java citronella oil (part of). Neryl acetate is found in cardamom. Neryl acetate is found in citrus, kumquat and pummelo peel oils, ginger, cardamon, clary sage, myrtle leaf and myrtle berries. Neryl acetate is a flavouring agent A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol. Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent[1]. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis[2]. Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent[1]. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis[2].

alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactone

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

Alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone is a butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug and an anti-ulcer drug. alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactone is a natural product found in Tulipa agenensis, Tulipa humilis, and other organisms with data available. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2].

Neohesperidoside

C12H22O10 (326.1213)

Neohesperidoside, also known as 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose or alpha-L-rhap-(1->2)-beta-D-glcp, is a member of the class of compounds known as O-glycosyl compounds. O-glycosyl compounds are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. Neohesperidoside is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Neohesperidoside can be found in lemon, which makes neohesperidoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Neohesperidoside is the disaccharide which is present in some flavonoids. It can be found in species of typha, in species of typha angustifolia . Alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose is a disaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose linked via a 1->2 glycosidic bond. It has a role as a metabolite. 2-O-alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.

2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

C9H9NO5 (211.0481)

DIMBOA is a lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an allelochemical. It is a lactol, a benzoxazine, an aromatic ether and a cyclic hydroxamic acid. It is functionally related to a DIBOA. 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one is a natural product found in Trichoderma virens with data available. 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one is found in cereals and cereal products. 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one is isolated from wheat, in which it is present mainly as glucoside. Appears to be a natural aphicide, insecticide and fungicide. Involved in the in vivo detoxification of herbicides , e.g. Simazin Isolated from wheat, in which it is present mainly as glucoside. Appears to be a natural aphicide, insecticide and fungicide. Involved in the in vivo detoxification of herbicides , e.g. Simazine. (R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one is found in cereals and cereal products and corn. A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants. DIMBOA, an antibiotic, is a benzoxazinoid, part of the chemical defense system of graminaceous plants such as maize, wheat, and rye. DIMBOA possess growth inhibitory properties against many strains of studied bacteria and fungi, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli as well as against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DIMBOA exhibits a potent free-radical scavenging activity and a weaker iron (III) ions reducing activity. Antioxidant activity[1][2].

Gardoside

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Gardoside is a glycoside. Gardoside is a natural product found in Plantago atrata, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available.

Retronecine

C8H13NO2 (155.0946)

Retronecine is a member of pyrrolizines. Retronecine is a natural product found in Senecio nebrodensis, Lappula spinocarpos, and other organisms with data available. Retronecine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants in the genera Senecio and Crotalaria, and the family Boraginaceae. It is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Cinnamtannin A2

C60H50O24 (1154.2692)

Cinnamtannin A2 is a proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Cinnamtannin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon). Cinnamtannin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa bean, chinese cinnamon, chocolate, and herbs and spices. Cinnamtannin A2 is found in chinese cinnamon. Cinnamtannin A2 is isolated from Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon). A proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia.

Fenpropimorph

C20H33NO (303.2562)

Fenpropimorph (CAS: 67564-91-4) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. Fenpropimorph is possibly neutral. Fenpropimorph is an agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beets, beans, and leek. Agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beet, beans and leeks CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8406 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2573 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid, also known as L-2,3-diaminopropanoate or Dpr, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid (2,3-diaminopropionate) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain secondary metabolites, including zwittermicin A and tuberactinomycin.2,3-Diaminopropionate is formed by the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) mediated amination of serine. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP). (PMID 5774501) COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

1-Methylhistidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

1-Methylhistidine, also known as 1-MHis or 1MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 1MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022). Recent discoveries have shown that 1MH is produced in essentially all mammals (and other vertebrates) via the enzyme known as METTL9 (PMID: 33563959). METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mammalian proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where "x" is a small amino acid. This HxH motif is found in a number of abundant mammalian proteins such as ARMC6, S100A9, and NDUFB3 (PMID: 33563959). Because of its abundance in many muscle-related proteins, 1MH has been found to be a good biomarker for the consumption of meat (PMID: 21527577). Dietary studies have shown that poultry consumption (p-trend = 0.0006) and chicken consumption (p-trend = 0.0003) are associated with increased levels of 1MH in human plasma (PMID: 30018457). The consumption of fish, especially salmon and cod, has also been shown to increase the levels of 1MH in serum and urine (PMID: 31401679). As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671). 1-Methyl-L-histidine is an objective indicator of meat ingestion and exogenous 3-methylhistidine (3MH) intake. 1-Methyl-L-histidine is an objective indicator of meat ingestion and exogenous 3-methylhistidine (3MH) intake. 3-Methyl-L-histidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

2-Amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-4-one

C9H13N5O4 (255.0967)

7,8-Dihydroneopterin, an inflammation marker, induces cellular apoptosis in astrocytes and neurons via enhancement of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases[1].

D-Alanyl-D-alanine

C6H12N2O3 (160.0848)

The ATP-dependent carboxylate-amine/thiol ligase superfamily is known to contain enzymes catalyzing the formation of various types of peptide, one of which is d-alanyl-d-alanine.(PMID: 16030213). The glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin acts by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the cell wall precursor lipid II in the cytoplasmic membrane.(PMID: 17418637). D-alanine-D-alanine ligase from Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 (TmDdl) was a useful biocatalyst for synthesizing D-amino acid dipeptides.D-Alanine-D-alanine ligase (Ddl) catalyzes the biosynthesis of an essential bacterial peptidoglycan precursor D-alanyl-D-alanine and it represents an important target for development of new antibacterial drugs. (PMID: 17267218). D-Alanyl-D-alanine is a microbial metabolite. Alanyl-alanine, also known as ala-ala or A-a dipeptide, is a member of the class of compounds known as dipeptides. Dipeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. Alanyl-alanine is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alanyl-alanine can be found in chives, which makes alanyl-alanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Alanyl-alanine can be found primarily in feces. Alanyl-alanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D-Ala-D-Ala constitutes the terminus of the peptide part of the peptidoglycan monomer unit and is involved in the transpeptidation reaction as the substrate. D-Ala-D-Ala is catalyzed by D-Alanine-D-Alanine ligase. D-Ala-D-Ala is a bacterial endogenous metabolite[1][2].

Levorphanol

C17H23NO (257.178)

Levorphanol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. [PubChem]Like other mu-agonist opioids it is believed to act at receptors in the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter in both the brain and spinal cord to alter the transmission and perception of pain. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

L-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

Arginine (Arg), also known as L-argninine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-asparagine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Arginine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Arginine is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. It is classified as a charged, basic, aliphatic amino acid. Arginine is considered to be a basic amino acid as it has a strongly basic guanidinium group. With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized. This group is able to form multiple H-bonds. In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Infants are unable to effectively synthesize arginine, making it nutritionally essential for infants. Adults, however, are able to synthesize arginine in the urea cycle. L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. It helps dispose of ammonia, is used to make compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, and it can be converted into glucose and glycogen if needed. Arginine also plays an important role in cell division, immunity and wound healing. Arginine is the immediate precursor of nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule which can act as a second messenger, as well as an intercellular messenger which regulates vasodilation, and also has functions in the immune systems reaction to infection. Nitric oxide is made via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (PMID 10690324). Arginine is also a precursor for several important nitrogen-containing compounds including urea, ornithine, and agmatine. Arginine is necessary for the synthesis of creatine and can be used for the synthesis of polyamines (mainly through ornithine and to a lesser degree through agmatine, citrulline, and glutamate.) The presence of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in serum or plasma, a close relative of argninine, inhibits the nitric oxide synthase reaction. ADMA is considered a marker for vascular disease, just as L-arginine is considered a sign of a healthy endothelium. In large doses, L-arginine also stimulates the release of the hormones growth hormone and prolactin. Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially reduces arginine-induced protein synthesis (PMID: 20841502). Catabolic disease states such as sepsis, injury, and cancer cause an increase in arginine utilization, which can exceed normal body production, leading to arginine depletion. Arginine also activates AMP kinase (AMPK) which then stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, thereby increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells (PMID: 21311355). Arginine is found in plant and animal proteins, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts. The ratio of L-arginine to lysine is also important: soy and other plant proteins have more L-arginine than animal sources of protein. [Spectral] L-Arginine (exact mass = 174.11168) and L-Histidine (exact mass = 155.06948) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. L-Arginine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=74-79-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 74-79-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2]. L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2].

Homocysteine

C4H9NO2S (135.0354)

A high level of blood serum homocysteine is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, one study which attempted to decrease the risk by lowering homocysteine was not fruitful. This study was conducted on nearly 5000 Norwegian heart attack survivors who already had severe, late-stage heart disease. No study has yet been conducted in a preventive capacity on subjects who are in a relatively good state of health.; Elevated levels of homocysteine have been linked to increased fractures in elderly persons. The high level of homocysteine will auto-oxidize and react with reactive oxygen intermediates and damage endothelial cells and has a higher risk to form a thrombus. Homocysteine does not affect bone density. Instead, it appears that homocysteine affects collagen by interfering with the cross-linking between the collagen fibers and the tissues they reinforce. Whereas the HOPE-2 trial showed a reduction in stroke incidence, in those with stroke there is a high rate of hip fractures in the affected side. A trial with 2 homocysteine-lowering vitamins (folate and B12) in people with prior stroke, there was an 80\\\\\\% reduction in fractures, mainly hip, after 2 years. Interestingly, also here, bone density (and the number of falls) were identical in the vitamin and the placebo groups.; Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and Vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 \\\\\\%, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocysteinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD. (PMID 17136938, 15630149); Homocysteine is an amino acid with the formula HSCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene (-CH2-) group. It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal C? methyl group. Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of B-vitamins.; Studies reported in 2006 have shown that giving vitamins [folic acid, B6 and B12] to reduce homocysteine levels may not quickly offer benefit, however a significant 25\\\\\\% reduction in stroke was found in the HOPE-2 study even in patients mostly with existing serious arterial decline although the overall death rate was not significantly changed by the intervention in the trial. Clearly, reducing homocysteine does not quickly repair existing... Homocysteine (CAS: 454-29-5) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 \\\\\\%, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocystinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD (PMID: 17136938 , 15630149). Moreover, homocysteine is found to be associated with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, cystathioninuria, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, and sulfite oxidase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. [Spectral] L-Homocysteine (exact mass = 135.0354) and L-Valine (exact mass = 117.07898) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Homocysteine is biosynthesized naturally via a multi-step process.[9] First, methionine receives an adenosine group from ATP, a reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase, to give S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e). SAM-e then transfers the methyl group to an acceptor molecule, (e.g., norepinephrine as an acceptor during epinephrine synthesis, DNA methyltransferase as an intermediate acceptor in the process of DNA methylation). The adenosine is then hydrolyzed to yield L-homocysteine. L-Homocysteine has two primary fates: conversion via tetrahydrofolate (THF) back into L-methionine or conversion to L-cysteine.[10] Biosynthesis of cysteine Mammals biosynthesize the amino acid cysteine via homocysteine. Cystathionine β-synthase catalyses the condensation of homocysteine and serine to give cystathionine. This reaction uses pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a cofactor. Cystathionine γ-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and α-ketobutyrate. Bacteria and plants rely on a different pathway to produce cysteine, relying on O-acetylserine.[11] Methionine salvage Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine. This process uses N5-methyl tetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor and cobalamin (vitamin B12)-related enzymes. More detail on these enzymes can be found in the article for methionine synthase. Other reactions of biochemical significance Homocysteine can cyclize to give homocysteine thiolactone, a five-membered heterocycle. Because of this "self-looping" reaction, homocysteine-containing peptides tend to cleave themselves by reactions generating oxidative stress.[12] Homocysteine also acts as an allosteric antagonist at Dopamine D2 receptors.[13] It has been proposed that both homocysteine and its thiolactone may have played a significant role in the appearance of life on the early Earth.[14] L-Homocysteine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=454-28-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 6027-13-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. L-Homocysteine, a homocysteine metabolite, is a homocysteine that has L configuration. L-Homocysteine induces upregulation of cathepsin V that mediates vascular endothelial inflammation in hyperhomocysteinaemia[1][2].

L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid

C4H10N2O2 (118.0742)

L-3-Amino-isobutanoic acid is a component of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. It can also be used in pyrimidine metabolism. L-3-Amino-isobutanoic acid is produced from S-methylmalonate semialdehyde by the enzyme 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. KEIO_ID D038 L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.

L-Lysine

C6H14N2O2 (146.1055)

Lysine (Lys), also known as L-lysine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Lysine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Lysine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. In humans, lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more, 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. In organisms that synthesise lysine, it has two main biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelate and α-aminoadipate pathways, which employ distinct enzymes and substrates and are found in diverse organisms. Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway. Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts the epigenome. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known, such as cystinuria, hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I, lysinuric protein intolerance, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for lysine are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinsons, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and those treated with coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Lysine has also been sh... [Spectral] L-Lysine (exact mass = 146.10553) and Carnosine (exact mass = 226.10659) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Dietary supplement, nutrient. Found widely in protein hydrolysates, e.g. casein, egg albumen, fibrin, gelatin, beet molasses. Flavouring agent for a variety of foods L-Lysine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-87-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-87-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2]. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2].

N,N-Dimethylaniline

C8H11N (121.0891)

N,N-Dimethylaniline, also known as dimethylaminobenzene or dimethylphenylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylarylamines. These are aliphatic aromatic amines in which the amino group is linked to two aliphatic chains and one aromatic group. N,N-dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. It is a tertiary amine and a dimethylaniline. N,N-dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor. It is less dense than water and insoluble in water. Its flash point is 150 °F, and is toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. N,N-Dimethylaniline was used to make dyes and as a solvent. Outside of the human body, N,N-Dimethylaniline has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common mushrooms, strawberries, feijoa, limes, and black-eyed pea. the structural formula shown is also known as N,N-dimethylaniline -- Wikipedia; Dimethylaniline (C8H11N) is an organic chemical compound which is a substituted derivative of aniline. It consists of a benzene ring and a substituted amino group, making it a tertiary aromatic amine. -- Wikipedia; N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It consists of a tertiary amine, featuring dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. N,N-Dimethylaniline is found in many foods, some of which are fennel, rose hip, black elderberry, and maitake. KEIO_ID D032

N-alpha-acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N2-Acetylornithine, also known as N(alpha)-acetylornithine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids. These are N-acylated alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. N-Acetylornithine is a minor component of the deproteinized blood plasma of human blood. Human blood plasma contains a variable amount of acetylornithine, averaging 1.1 +/- 0.4 umol/L (range 0.8-0.2 umol/L). Urine contains a very small amount of acetylornithine, approximately 1 nmol/mg creatinine (1 umol/day) (PMID:508804). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 160 KEIO_ID A032 N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Dextromethorphan

C18H25NO (271.1936)

Dextromethorphan is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, usually in the form of dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Dextromethorphan is a salt of the methyl ether dextrorotatory isomer of levorphanol, a narcotic analgesic. Dextromethorphan occurs as white crystals, is sparingly soluble in water, and freely soluble in alcohol. The drug is dextrorotatory in water (at 20 degrees Celsius, Sodium D-line) with a specific rotation of +27.6 degrees. Following oral administration, dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan. The therapeutic activity of dextromethorphan is believed to be caused by both the drug and this metabolite. Dextromethorphan is predominantly metabolized by the liver, by various hepatic enzymes. Through various pathways, the drug undergoes (O-demethylation (which produces dextrorphan), N-demethylation, and partial conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate ions. The inactive metabolite (+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan is formed as a product of DXM metabolism by these pathways. One well known metabolic catalyst involved is a specific cytochrome P450 enzyme known as 2D6, or CYP2D6. A significant portion of the population has a functional deficiency in this enzyme (and are known as poor CYP2D6 metabolizers). As CYP2D6 is the primary metabolic pathway in the inactivation of dextromethorphan, the duration of action and effects of dextromethorphan are significantly increased in such poor metabolizers. Deaths and hospitalizations have been reported in recreational use by poor CYP2D6 metabolizers. -- Wikipedia. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. [PubChem] Dextromethorphan is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, usually in the form of dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Dextromethorphan is a salt of the methyl ether dextrorotatory isomer of levorphanol, a narcotic analgesic. Dextromethorphan occurs as white crystals, is sparingly soluble in water, and freely soluble in alcohol. The drug is dextrorotatory in water (at 20 degrees Celsius, Sodium D-line) with a specific rotation of +27.6 degrees. Following oral administration, dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan. The therapeutic activity of dextromethorphan is believed to be caused by both the drug and this metabolite. Dextromethorphan is predominantly metabolized by the liver, by various hepatic enzymes. Through various pathways, the drug undergoes (O-demethylation (which produces dextrorphan), N-demethylation, and partial conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate ions. The inactive metabolite (+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan is formed as a product of DXM metabolism by these pathways. One well known metabolic catalyst involved is a specific cytochrome P450 enzyme known as 2D6, or CYP2D6. A significant portion of the population has a functional deficiency in this enzyme (and are known as poor CYP2D6 metabolizers). As CYP2D6 is the primary metabolic pathway in the inactivation of dextromethorphan, the duration of action and effects of dextromethorphan are significantly increased in such poor metabolizers. Deaths and hospitalizations have been reported in recreational use by poor CYP2D6 metabolizers. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05D - Cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants > R05DA - Opium alkaloids and derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2199 - Adjuvant Analgesic C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Tridemorph

C19H39NO (297.3031)

Systemic eradicant cereal fungicide Tridemorph is a fungicide. It was developed in the 1960s by the German multinational BASF who sell tridemorph under the trade name Calixin. It is used to control the fungus Erysiphe graminis in cereals, Mycosphaerella species in bananas, and Caticum solmonicolor in tea. Tridemorph is applied onto many crops across the world, but very little data on usage and production is in the public domain. In high doses it has been shown to have teratogenic effects. These effect are manifested in edemas, hemorrhages, hematomas, abnormal development of the brain (hydrocephalia), visceral cranium (micrognathia, cleft palate) and genitourinary system (hydronephrosis), in decreased size of pelvic bones, shoulder girdle, front and hind limbs, etc. (PMID 7324433

Dihydrobiopterin

C9H13N5O3 (239.1018)

Dihydrobiopterin, also known as BH2, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin, quinonoid dihydrobiopterin or q-BH2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. Dihydrobiopterin is also classified as a pteridine. Pteridines are aromatic compounds composed of fused pyrimidine and pyrazine rings. Dihydrobiopterin is produced during the synthesis of neurotransmitters L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin via the NADPH-dependant reduction of dihydrobiopterin reductase. Dihydrobiopterin can also be converted to tetrahydrobiopterin by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is catalyzed by the flavoprotein "diaphorase" activity of NOS. This activity is located on the reductase (C-terminal) domain of NOS, whereas the high affinity tetrahydrobiopterin site involved in NOS activation is located on the oxygenase (N-terminal) domain (PMID: 8626754). Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) is another enzyme that plays a role in the production of dihydrobiopterin. SPR catalyzes the reduction of sepiapterin to dihydrobiopterin (BH2), the precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a cofactor critical for nitric oxide biosynthesis and alkylglycerol and aromatic amino acid metabolism (PMID: 25550200). Dihydrobiopterin is known to be synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. Dihydrobiopterin exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, dihydrobiopterin is involved in several metabolic disorders including dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency. DHPR deficiency is a severe form of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to impaired regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) leading to decreased levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin) and folate in cerebrospinal fluid, and causing neurological symptoms such as psychomotor delay, hypotonia, seizures, abnormal movements, hypersalivation, and swallowing difficulties. Dihydrobiopterin is also associated with another metabolic disorder known as sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD). Sepiapterin reductase catalyzes the (NADP-dependent) reduction of carbonyl derivatives, including pteridines, and plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Low dihydrofolate reductase activity in the brain leads to the accumulation of dihydrobiopterin, which in turn, inhibits tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases. This uncouples neuronal nitric oxide synthase, leading to neurotransmitter deficiencies and neuronal cell death. SRD is characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter levels and the presence of elevated cerebrospinal fluid dihydrobiopterin. SRD is characterized by motor delay, axial hypotonia, language delay, diurnal fluctuation of symptoms, dystonia, weakness, oculogyric crises, dysarthria, parkinsonian signs and hyperreflexia. Dihydrobiopterin (BH2) is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin. Tetrahydrobiopterin is a natural occurring cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase and is involved in the synthesis of tyrosine and the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Tetrahydrobiopterin is also essential for nitric oxide synthase catalyzed oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline and nitric oxide. [HMDB] 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin.

2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), also known as deoxyuridylic acid or deoxyuridylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. dUMP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, dUMP participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, dUMP can be biosynthesized from dCMP through its interaction with the enzyme deoxycytidylate deaminase. In addition, dUMP can be biosynthesized from deoxyuridine; which is mediated by the enzyme thymidine kinase, cytosolic. In humans, dUMP is involved in pyrimidine metabolism. A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. Outside of the human body, dUMP has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as breadnut tree seeds, sea-buckthornberries, sour cherries, black walnuts, and common oregano. dUMP is formed by the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase [EC 1.17.4.1]. dUMP by the action of by thymidylate synthetase [EC 2.1.1.45] produces dTMP (5,10-Methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor for the reaction). The nuclear form of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG2), that its major role is to remove misincorporated dUMP residues (cells deficient in removal of misincorporated dUMP accumulate uracil residues). (PMID 11554311) [HMDB]. dUMP is found in many foods, some of which are ginger, evergreen huckleberry, vanilla, and common walnut. dUMP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=964-26-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 964-26-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate

C10H14N5O6P (331.0682)

Deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), also known as deoxyadenylic acid or deoxyadenylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a derivative of the common nucleic acid AMP, or adenosine monophosphate, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotides pentose has been reduced to just a hydrogen atom (hence the "deoxy-" part of the name). Additionally, the monophosphate of the name indicates that two of the phosphoryl groups of GTP have been removed, most likely by hydrolysis. It is a monomer used in DNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside comprised of adenine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) moiety via a -N9-glycosidic bond. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate, a nucleic acid AMP derivative, is a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate can be used to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage[1]. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate, a nucleic acid AMP derivative, is a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate can be used to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage[1].

2-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid, with formula (CH3)C6H4(COOH). -- Wikipedia; It is an isomer of p-toluic acid and m-toluic acid. -- Wikipedia KEIO_ID T038 o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

5-Methyldeoxycytidine

C10H15N3O4 (241.1063)

5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933) [HMDB] 5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933). 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2]. 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

Dephospho-CoA, also known as 3-dephospho-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are purine ribonucleosides with a diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Thus, dephospho-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Dephospho-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, dephospho-CoA has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as wild leeks, summer savouries, arctic blackberries, biscuits, and persimmons. This could make dephospho-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Dephospho-CoA is an intermediate in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. It is a substrate for bifunctional coenzyme A synthase which contains the dephospho-CoA kinase (EC 2.7.1.24). This enzyme catalyzes the final step in CoA biosynthesis: the phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of ribose using ATP as a phosphate donor. The reaction is ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = ADP + CoA. Dephospho-CoA is a substrate for Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 and Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2. [HMDB]. Dephospho-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cardamom, epazote, lemon balm, and mammee apple. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Thiophanate

C14H18N4O4S2 (370.0769)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8618; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8617 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4116; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4115 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4103; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4122; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4120 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8587; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8585 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8620; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8618 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8603; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8601 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8583; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8581 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4112; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4109 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8619; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8617 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4113; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4112 ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8618; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1255; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8620 D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Trimeprazine

C18H22N2S (298.1504)

Trimeprazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic. [PubChem]Trimeprazine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics

Biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. [PubChem] D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

Propoxyphene

C22H29NO2 (339.2198)

Propoxyphene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic analgesic structurally related to methadone. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect. [PubChem]Propoxyphene acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Propoxyphene primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as propoxyphene also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AC - Diphenylpropylamine derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Aristospan

C30H41FO7 (532.2836)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Felbamate

C11H14N2O4 (238.0954)

Felbamate is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. It has a weak inhibitory effect on GABA receptor binding sites. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics Felbamate (W-554) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).

Fludrocortisone

C21H29FO5 (380.1999)

Fludrocortisone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. [PubChem]Fludrocortisone binds the mineralocorticoid receptor (aldosterone receptor). This binding (or activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by fludrocortisone) in turn causes an increase in ion and water transport and thus raises extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lowers potassium levels. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AA - Mineralocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Testosterone enanthate

C26H40O3 (400.2977)

testosterone enanthate is used in androgen substitution to replace testosterone at levels as close to physiological levels as is possible. For some androgen-dependent functions testosterone is a pro-hormone, peripherally converted to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), of which the levels preferably should be within normal physiological ranges. Furthermore, androgens should have a good safety profile without adverse effects on the prostate, serum lipids, liver or respiratory function, and they must be convenient to use and patient-friendly, with a relative independence from medical services. Natural testosterone is viewed as the best androgen for substitution in hypogonadal men. testosterone enanthate is used to treat male hypogonadism. Male hypogonadism is one of the most common endocrinologic syndromes. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation via the measurement of low morning testosterone levels on two different occasions. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels distinguish between primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism. Osteoporosis in male hypogonadism: responses to androgen substitution differ among men with primary and secondary hypogonadism. In primary hypogonadal men the on bone mineral density (BMD) responds dose dependently to testosterone substitution, whereas in secondary hypogonadism only testosterone enanthate treatment significantly increased the BMD. In all mammalian species studied to date, testosterone has been found to be the predominant intratesticular steroid. In volunteers receiving hormonal contraception by using a combination of testosterone enanthate and levonorgestrel, there is a profound reduction of both intratesticular testosterone concentration and androgen bioactivity. High doses of testosterone enanthate can normalize hematocrit values of maintenance hemodialysis patients with replenished bone marrow iron stores. testosterone enanthate is classified as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its use may be detected by way of the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. (PMID: 16185098, 16467270, 15329035, 17530941, 17484401, 4028529, 12792150) [HMDB] Testosterone enanthate is used in androgen substitution to replace testosterone at levels as close to physiological levels as is possible. For some androgen-dependent functions testosterone is a pro-hormone, peripherally converted to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), of which the levels preferably should be within normal physiological ranges. Furthermore, androgens should have a good safety profile without adverse effects on the prostate, serum lipids, liver or respiratory function, and they must be convenient to use and patient-friendly, with a relative independence from medical services. Natural testosterone is viewed as the best androgen for substitution in hypogonadal men. testosterone enanthate is used to treat male hypogonadism. Male hypogonadism is one of the most common endocrinologic syndromes. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation via the measurement of low morning testosterone levels on two different occasions. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels distinguish between primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism. Osteoporosis in male hypogonadism: responses to androgen substitution differ among men with primary and secondary hypogonadism. In primary hypogonadal men the on bone mineral density (BMD) responds dose dependently to testosterone substitution, whereas in secondary hypogonadism only testosterone enanthate treatment significantly increased the BMD. In all mammalian species studied to date, testosterone has been found to be the predominant intratesticular steroid. In volunteers receiving hormonal contraception by using a combination of testosterone enanthate and levonorgestrel, there is a profound reduction of both intratesticular testosterone concentration and androgen bioactivity. High doses of testosterone enanthate can normalize hematocrit values of maintenance hemodialysis patients with replenished bone marrow iron stores. testosterone enanthate is classified as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its use may be detected by way of the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. (PMID: 16185098, 16467270, 15329035, 17530941, 17484401, 4028529, 12792150). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

Prilocaine

C13H20N2O (220.1576)

Prilocaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to lidocaine. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p165)Prilocaine acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3141

nalorphine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists

Penconazole

C13H15Cl2N3 (283.0643)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9666; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9664 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9722; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9721 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9751; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9750 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9670; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9668 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9676; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9675 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 411; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9793; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9792 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3107 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Fenpropidin

C19H31N (273.2456)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8461 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2589 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

N-PHENYL-1-NAPHTHYLAMINE

C16H13N (219.1048)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10074 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10054; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10051 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10013 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10109; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10106 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10083; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1239; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10041; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10037 D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4139 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2426 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8127 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Caprate (10:0)

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid is a C10 saturated fatty acid. It is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats. The names of caproic, caprylic, and capric acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin for goat). These fatty acids are light yellowish transparent oily liquids with a sweaty, unpleasant aroma that is reminiscent of goats. Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes. It is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. Capric acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals. Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10\\\\\\%) and palm kernel oil (about 4\\\\\\%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils. It is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats. Capric acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15\\\\\\% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat (PMID 16747831). Capric acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, which may occur via PPARgamma receptor agonism and the targeting of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PMIDL 24383952). Widespread in plant oils and as glycerides in seed oilsand is also present in apple, apricot, banana, morello cherry, citrus fruits, cheese, butter, white wine, Japanese whiskey, peated malt, wort and scallops. It is used as a defoamer, lubricant and citrus fruit coating. Salts (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al) used as binders, emulsifiers and anticaking agents in food manuf. Decanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are radish (variety), meatball, phyllo dough, and american shad. Decanoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=334-48-5 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 334-48-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3].

Isatidine

C18H25NO6 (351.1682)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.363 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.358 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.361 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2325 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 177 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 117 INTERNAL_ID 147; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 147 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 137 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 157 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 167 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 127 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 107 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2]. Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2].

Promethazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

Promethazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals. [PubChem]Like other H1-antagonists, promethazine competes with free histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. The relief of nausea appears to be related to central anticholinergic actions and may implicate activity on the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2505 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8490 D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

Propoxur

C11H15NO3 (209.1052)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7950; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7947 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7933; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7930 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7922; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7920 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7937 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7982; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7979 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 365; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7967; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7964 D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

(-)-Maackiain

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

(-)-maackiain is the (-)-enantiomer of maackiain. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-maackiain. Maackiain is a natural product found in Tephrosia virginiana, Leptolobium bijugum, and other organisms with data available. (-)-Maackiain. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2035-15-6 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 2035-15-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1].

Rivastigmine

C14H22N2O2 (250.1681)

Rivastigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimers type. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase.Rivastigmine is a carbamate derivative that is structurally related to physostigmine, but not to donepezil and tacrine. The precise mechanism of rivastigmine has not been fully determined, but it is suggested that rivastigmine binds reversibly with and inactivates chlolinesterase (eg. acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase), preventing the hydrolysis of acetycholine, and thus leading to an increased concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. The anticholinesterase activity of rivastigmine is relatively specific for brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared with those in peripheral tissues. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06D - Anti-dementia drugs > N06DA - Anticholinesterases D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2844 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2844; CONFIDENCE standard compound D020011 - Protective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Ronilan

C12H9Cl2NO3 (284.9959)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000726 - Androgen Antagonists CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3119 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Hexobarbital

C12H16N2O3 (236.1161)

Hexobarbital is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative. [PubChem]Hexobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABA-A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CA - Barbiturates, plain N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AF - Barbiturates, plain C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), also known as glutaric aciduria type II (GAII), a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. Sebacic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Sebacic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition. Sebacic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles. Sebacic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc. It is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins. It is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials (PMID: 10556649, 1738216, 8442769, 12706375). Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) are a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4109; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4130 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4118; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4114 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4129 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4099; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4095 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4123 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID S017 Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Ethyl icosapentate

C22H34O2 (330.2559)

Chloroprocaine

C13H19ClN2O2 (270.1135)

Chloroprocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery. Chloroprocaine, like other local anesthetics, blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BA - Esters of aminobenzoic acid D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Dermorphin

C40H50N8O10 (802.365)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018847 - Opioid Peptides Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain[1]. Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain[1]. Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain[1].

Fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

Fenoprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding. [PubChem]Fenoprofens exact mode of action is unknown, but it is thought that prostaglandin synthetase inhibition is involved. Fenoprofen has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase isolated from bovine seminal vesicles. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

alpha-Methyltryptamine

C11H14N2 (174.1157)

Mexiletine

C11H17NO (179.131)

Mexiletine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to lidocaine. It may have some anticonvulsant properties. [PubChem]Mexiletine, like lidocaine, inhibits the inward sodium current required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thus reducing the rate of rise of the action potential, Phase 0. It achieves this reduced sodium current by inhibiting sodium channels. Mexiletine decreases the effective refractory period (ERP) in Purkinje fibers in the heart. The decrease in ERP is of lesser magnitude than the decrease in action potential duration (APD), which results in an increase in the ERP/APD ratio. It does not significantly affect resting membrane potential or sinus node automaticity, left ventricular function, systolic arterial blood pressure, atrioventricular (AV) conduction velocity, or QRS or QT intervals C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BB - Antiarrhythmics, class ib D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3010 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

Nalbuphine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

Nalbuphine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but is believed to interact with an opiate receptor site in the CNS (probably in or associated with the limbic system). The opiate antagonistic effect may result from competitive inhibition at the opiate receptor, but may also be a result of other mechanisms. Nalbuphine is thought primarily to be a kappa agonist. It is also a partial mu antagonist analgesic, with some binding to the delta receptor and minimal agonist activity at the sigma receptor. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Gluconolactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar. Food additive; uses include acidifier, pH control agent, sequestrant C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.

6beta-Hydroxytestosterone

C19H28O3 (304.2038)

Testosterone is reported to have an acute vasodilating action in vitro, an effect that may impart a favourable haemodynamic response in patients with chronic heart failure.

Neostigmine

C12H19N2O2+ (223.1446)

Neostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike physostigmine, does not cross the blood-brain barrier. [PubChem]Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. The drug inhibits acetylcholinesterase which is responsible for the degredation of acetylcholine. So, with acetylcholinesterase inhibited, more acetylcholine is present By interfering with the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors which are involved in muscle contraction. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Ipratropium bromide

C20H30NO3+ (332.2226)

Ipratropium bromide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist structurally related to atropine but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic. [PubChem]Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent. It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, without specificity for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due to actions of cGMP on intracellular calcium, this results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle. D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

N2-acetyllysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine also known as Nalpha-Acetyllysine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-lysine. Unlike L-lysine, acetylated lysine derivatives such as N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine are zwitterionic compounds. These are molecules that contains an equal number of positively- and negatively-charged functional groups. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine is found naturally in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to plants to humans. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618). About 85\\\% of all human proteins and 68\\\% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free lysine can also occur. In particular, N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can be biosynthesized from L-lysine and acetyl-CoA via the enzyme known as Lysine N-acetyltransferase. Individuals with hyperlysinaemia due to L-lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase deficiency will excrete high levels of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine in their urine (PMID: 116084). L-lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase deficiency, if untreated, can lead to neurological and behavioral deficits (PMID: 116084). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). Acetyl-L-lysine is an endogenous metabolite.

Chelidonine

C20H19NO5 (353.1263)

Chelidonine is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic. Chelidonine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos baetica, Sarcocapnos saetabensis, and other organisms with data available. Chelidonine is an isolate of Papaveraceae with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. See also: Chelidonium majus flowering top (part of). CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2255 Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3]. Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3].

2,4,6-Tribromophenol

C6H3Br3O (327.7734)

2,4,6-Tribromophenol, also known as 2,4,6-TBP or bromol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-bromophenols. These are bromophenols carrying a iodine at the C4 position of the benzene ring. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as crustaceans, fishes, and mollusks. This could make 2,4,6-tribromophenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol is a potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4936 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4925; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4923 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4957; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4955 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4956; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4953 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8167

Fenoldopam

C16H16ClNO3 (305.0819)

Fenoldopam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation. [PubChem]Fenoldopam is a rapid-acting vasodilator. It is an agonist for D₁-like dopamine receptors and binds with moderate affinity to α₂-adrenoceptors. It has no significant affinity for D₂-like receptors, α₁ and β-adrenoceptors, 5_HT1 and 5_HT2 receptors, or muscarinic receptors. Fenoldopam is a racemic mixture with the R-isomer responsible for the biological activity. The R-isomer has approximately 250-fold higher affinity for D₁-like receptors than does the S-isomer. In non-clinical studies, fenoldopam had no agonist effect on presynaptic D₂-like dopamine receptors, or α or β -adrenoceptors, nor did it affect angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Fenoldopam may increase norepinephrine plasma concentration. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

Lumazine

C6H4N4O2 (164.0334)

Lumazine, also known as pteridine-2,4-dione or 2,4(3h,8h)-pteridinedione, belongs to pteridines and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pteridine moiety, which consists of a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine ring to form pyrimido(4,5-b)pyrazine. Lumazine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lumazine can be found in soy bean, which makes lumazine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. KEIO_ID L024 Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is an endogenous metabolite.

Nalpha-Methylhistidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as salicylal or O-formylphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a cinnamon, cooling, and medical tasting compound. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within peppermints. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as common buckwheats, garden tomato (var.), herbs and spices, and tea. This could make 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a potentially toxic compound. Present in cinnamon (Cinnamomum versum). Flavouring ingredient. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are garden tomato (variety), herbs and spices, common buckwheat, and tea.

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

C9H10O5 (198.0528)

Vanillylmandelic acid, also known as vanillylmandelate or VMA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Vanillylmandelic acid is a sweet and vanilla tasting compound. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). Vanillylmandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, vanillylmandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, vanillylmandelic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, vanillylmandelic acid and pyrocatechol can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and guaiacol through the action of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines. Urinary VMA tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions. VMA urinalysis tests can be used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is produced in the liver and is a major product of norepinephrine and epinephrine metabolism excreted in the urine. Vanillylmandelic acid is one of the products of the catabolism of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine). High levels of vanillylmandelic acid can indicate an adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma) or another type of tumor that produces catecholamines. (WebMD) [HMDB] D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H056 Vanillylmandelic acid is the endproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism. Vanillylmandelic acid can be used as an indication of the disorder in neurotransmitter metabolism as well. Vanillylmandelic acid has antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 33 μM[1].

Hydroxyhydroquinone

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1]. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1].

Laricitrin

C16H12O8 (332.0532)

Laricitrin, also known as 3-O-methylmyricetin or 3,4,5,5,7-pentahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, laricitrin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Laricitrin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. BioTransformer predicts that laricitrin is a product of isorhamnetin metabolism via a hydroxylation-of-benzene-ortho-to-edg reaction catalyzed by the CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 enzymes (PMID: 30612223).

Vaccenic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Its IUPAC name is (11E)-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 trans-11. The name was derived from the Latin vacca (cow). Vaccenic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Vaccenic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

p,p'-DDE

C14H8Cl4 (315.938)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

12-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (CAS: 71030-37-0), also known as 12-HETE, is an eicosanoid, a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. 5-Lipoxygenase (LO)-derived leukotrienes are involved in inflammatory glomerular injury. LO product 12-HETE is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension and may mediate angiotensin II and TGFbeta induced mesangial cell abnormality in diabetic nephropathy. 12-HETE is markedly elevated in the psoriatic lesions. 12-HETE is a vasoconstrictor eicosanoid that contributes to high blood pressure in (renovascular) hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. A significant percentage of patients suffering from a selective increase in plasma LDL cholesterol (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia) exhibits increased platelet reactivity. This includes enhanced platelet responsiveness against a variety of platelet-stimulating agents ex vivo and enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism associated with increased generation of arachidonic acid metabolites such as 12-HETE, and secretion of platelet-storage products (PMID: 7562532, 12480795, 17361113, 8498970, 1333255, 2119633). 12-HETE is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumour cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. 12-HETE has a diversity of biological actions and is generated by a number of tissues including the renal glomerulus and the vasculature. 12-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. 12-HETE is a neuromodulator that is synthesized during ischemia. Its neuronal effects include attenuation of calcium influx and glutamate release as well as inhibition of AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) activation. 12-HETE is found to be associated with peroxisomal biogenesis defect and Zellweger syndrome, which are inborn errors of metabolism.

18R-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

18R-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid is also known as 18-HEPE or 18(R)-Hydroxyeicosa-5Z,8Z,11E,14Z,16E-pentaenoate. 18R-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 18R-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid is an eicosanoid lipid molecule

alpha-Dimorphecolic acid

C18H32O3 (296.2351)

alpha-Dimorphecolic acid or 9(S)-HODE is an endogenous fatty acid (PPAR)gamma agonist synthesized in the body from linoleic acid. alpha-Dimorphecolic acid activates peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)gamma in human endothelial cells increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis, with its plasma levels correlating with the risk for myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. The regulation of PAI-1 transcription by endothelial cells (ECs), a major source of PAI-1, remains incompletely understood. Adipocytes also produce PAI-1, suggesting possible common regulatory pathways between adipocytes and ECs. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)gamma is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to various mediators such as 15-deoxy-delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and oxidized linoleic acid (9- and 13-HODE). alpha-Dimorphecolic acid is a ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A (PMID: 10073956, 16647253, 16236715). alpha-Dimorphecolic acid inhibits the proliferation of NHEK cells by suppressing DNA synthesis and arresting the cell cycle in the G0/1-phase. alpha-Dimorphecolic acid-G2A signalling plays proinflammatory roles in the skin under oxidative conditions (PMID: 18034171). Present in plant and animal lipids as autoxidn. or lipoxygenase oxidn. production of linoleic acid.

Spartioidine

C18H23NO5 (333.1576)

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 12 and two oxo substituents at positions 11 and 16. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2297 [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_40eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_30eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_20eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_10eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_50eV_CB000034.txt Seneciphylline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica[1]. Seneciphylline significantly increases the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but causes reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities[2].

Glutamylglutamic acid

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)

Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of two glutamic acid residues, and is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. It belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. Glutamylglutamic acid is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. KEIO_ID G043; [MS2] KO008970 KEIO_ID G043

Propynoic acid

C3H2O2 (70.0055)

Propynoic acid, also known as propiolic acid, is involved in propanoate metabolism and is interconverted into 2-propyn-1-al by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Propynoic acid is an unsaturated organic acid and it can be prepared by boiling acetylene dicarboxylic acid. It is chemically obtained by the action of alcoholic potash on dibromosuccinic acid, or its acid potassium salt with water. It forms silky crystals which melt at 6°C and boil at about 144°C with decomposition. It is soluble in water and possesses an odour resembling that of acetic acid. Exposure to sunlight converts it into trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid). It undergoes bromination to give dibromoacrylic acid. With hydrogen chloride it forms chloroacrylic acid. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone. Propynoic acid forms a characteristic explosive silver salt upon the addition of ammoniacal silver nitrate to its aqueous solution, and an amorphous precipitate which explodes upon warming with ammoniacal cuprous chloride. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone (Wikipedia). Propynoic acid is involved in propanoate metabolism and is interconverted between 2-propyn1-al and propynoic acid by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Propiolic acid is an unsaturated organic acid and it can be prepared by boiling acetylene dicarboxylic acid. It is chemically obtained by the action of alcoholic potash on dibromosuccinic acid, or its acid potassium salt with water. It forms silky crystals which melt at 6 degree centigrade, and boil at about 144 degree centigrade with decomposition. It is soluble in water and possesses an odor resembling that of acetic acid. Exposure to sunlight converts it into trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid). Bromine converts it into dibromoacrylic acid, and it gives with hydrochloric acid O-chloracrylic acid. It forms a characteristic explosive silver salt on the addition of ammoniacal silver nitrate to its aqueous solution, and an amorphous precipitate which explodes on warming with ammoniacal cuprous chloride. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone. [HMDB] KEIO_ID P040

2-Deoxystreptamine

C6H14N2O3 (162.1004)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents KEIO_ID D061

2-Methylserine

C4H9NO3 (119.0582)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M025

Neomycin

C23H46N6O13 (614.3123)

A component of neomycin that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). Neomycin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and acceptor tRNA sites and results in the production of non-functional or toxic peptides. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AB - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID N022

CDP

C9H15N3O11P2 (403.0182)

Cytidine diphosphate, abbreviated CDP, and also known as 5-CDP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are pyrimidine ribonucleotides with diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. It is a cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. CDP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, CDP is involved in cardiolipin biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, CDP has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carobs, mexican oregano, evergreen huckleberries, green vegetables, and pepper (Capsicum baccatum). Cytidine 5-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. [HMDB]. CDP is found in many foods, some of which are sweet cherry, hard wheat, roman camomile, and ginseng. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Lithospermic acid

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1]. Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1].

Tembetarine

C20H26NO4+ (344.1862)

Ergonovine

C19H23N3O2 (325.179)

Ergonovine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ergot alkaloid with uterine and vascular smooth muscle contractile properties. [PubChem]Ergonovine directly stimulates the uterine muscle to increase force and frequency of contractions. With usual doses, these contractions precede periods of relaxation; with larger doses, basal uterine tone is elevated and these relaxation periods will be decreased. Contraction of the uterine wall around bleeding vessels at the placental site produces hemostasis. Ergonovine also induces cervical contractions. The sensitivity of the uterus to the oxytocic effect is much greater toward the end of pregnancy. The oxytocic actions of ergonovine are greater than its vascular effects. Ergonovine, like other ergot alkaloids, produces arterial vasoconstriction by stimulation of alpha-adrenergic and serotonin receptors and inhibition of endothelial-derived relaxation factor release. It is a less potent vasoconstrictor than ergotamine. As a diagnostic aid (coronary vasospasm), ergonovine causes vasoconstriction of coronary arteries. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AB - Ergot alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics

Canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967)

Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4 of the beta carotene molecule. Food colouring. Constituent of the edible mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), sea trout, salmon and brine shrimp. It is used in broiler chicken feed to enhance the yellow colour of chicken skin D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone

C13H16O2 (204.115)

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone is found in root vegetables. 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone is a constituent of roots of Polymnia sonchifolia (yacon)

Pinostrobin

C16H14O4 (270.0892)

A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. Pinostrobin is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae, Zuccagnia punctata, and other organisms with data available.

Securinine

C13H15NO2 (217.1103)

Securinine is a member of indolizines. Securinine is a natural product found in Flueggea suffruticosa, Flueggea virosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Phyllanthus amarus top (part of). relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.052 (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. (-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist. Allosecurinine (Phyllochrysine) is a Securinega alkaloid isolated from Phyllanthus glaucus [1].

5alpha-Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato. Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. (Wikipedia). Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. 5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato.

Aloeresin A

C28H28O11 (540.1632)

11beta-OHA4

C19H26O3 (302.1882)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2829 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor. As 4-androstenedione increases, measuring plasma 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione can distinguish the adrenal or ovarian origin of hyperandrogenism[1][2].

Prostaglandin B2

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 16986207). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 16986207)

8,9-DiHETrE

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

8,9-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. P450converts AA to 8,9- dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. This enzymatic pathway was first described in liver; however, it is now clear that AA can be metabolized by P450 in many tissues including the pituitary gland, eye, kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. (PMID: 17431031, 11700990) [HMDB] 8,9-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. P450converts AA to 8,9- dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. This enzymatic pathway was first described in liver; however, it is now clear that AA can be metabolized by P450 in many tissues including the pituitary gland, eye, kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. (PMID: 17431031, 11700990).

echinenone

C40H54O (550.4174)

A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

malvidin

[C17H15O7]+ (331.0818)

Beta-tocopherol

C28H48O2 (416.3654)

beta-Tocopherol is an antioxidant which is synthesized by photosynthetic organisms and plays an important role in human and animal nutrition. beta-Tocopherols can be oxidized in dry CH2Cl2 or CH3CN by one electron to form cation radicals that deprotonate to form the neutral phenoxyl radicals, which are then immediately further oxidized by one electron to the phenoxonium cations (an ECE electrochemical mechanism, where E signifies an electron transfer and C represents a chemical step, with the electrochemical mechanism having been determined by in situ spectroscopic analysis). The phenoxonium cation of beta-tocopherol is stable for several minutes (PMID: 16771430). beta-Tocopherol has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). (rel)-β-Tocopherol is a relative configuration of β-Tocopherol.(±)-β-Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin E with antioxidant activity. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1].

(-)-trans-Carveol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Carveol is a natural terpenoid alcohol that is a constituent of spearmint oil. It has an odor and flavor that resemble those of spearmint and caraway. Consequently, it is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavor additive in the food industry. Constituent of Valencia orange essence oil. Flavouring ingredient Carveol is an endogenous metabolite. Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.

Epicubenol

C15H26O (222.1984)

1alpha-4-Cadinen-1-ol is found in cloves. 1alpha-4-Cadinen-1-ol is a constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba). Constituent of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba) oil. Epicubenol is found in herbs and spices.

Longifolene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Longifolene is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Longifolene is a sweet, fir needle, and medical tasting compound found in corn, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), rosemary, and star anise, which makes longifolene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Longifolene is the common (or trivial) chemical name of a naturally occurring, oily Liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated, Pinus longifolia (obsolete name for Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Chemically, longifolene is a tricyclic sesquiterpene. This molecule is chiral, and the enantiomer commonly found in pines and other higher plants exhibits a positive optical rotation of +42.73¬∞. The other enantiomer (optical rotation ‚àí42.73¬∞) is found in small amounts in certain fungi and liverworts . Longifolene is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Longifolene is a sweet, fir needle, and medical tasting compound found in corn, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), rosemary, and star anise, which makes longifolene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Longifolene is the common (or trivial) chemical name of a naturally occurring, oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated, Pinus longifolia (obsolete name for Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Chemically, longifolene is a tricyclic sesquiterpene. This molecule is chiral, and the enantiomer commonly found in pines and other higher plants exhibits a positive optical rotation of +42.73°. The other enantiomer (optical rotation −42.73°) is found in small amounts in certain fungi and liverworts . (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1]. (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1]. (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1].

Hydroxypyruvic acid

C3H4O4 (104.011)

3-hydroxypyruvic acid, also known as beta-hydroxypyruvate or oh-pyr, belongs to beta hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxypyruvic acid can be found in a number of food items such as fox grape, black mulberry, elliotts blueberry, and silver linden, which makes 3-hydroxypyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid can be found primarily in blood and urine. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3-hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the glycine and serine metabolism. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DHPD), 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic, and non ketotic hyperglycinemia. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a pyruvic acid derivative with the formula C3H4O4 and a neutral charge with an atomic mass of 104.06146 . Hydroxypyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycine, serine and threonine. It is a substrate for Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase and Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

Formamide

CH3NO (45.0215)

Formamide, also known as methanamide or ameisensaeureamid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids. These are organic acids with the general formula RC(=N)-OH (R=H, organic group). Formamide, in its pure state, has been used as an alternative solvent for the electrostatic self-assembly of polymer nanofilms. Formamide exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Formamide has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as hyssops, rose hips, asian pears, brassicas, and green bell peppers. It has been used as a softener for paper and fiber. Inhalation of large amounts of formamide vapor may require medical attention. In the past, formamide was produced by treating formic acid with ammonia, which produces ammonium formate, which in turn yields formamide upon heating:HCOOH + NH3 → HCOO−NH+4HCOO−NH+4 → HCONH2 + H2O. Formamide is also generated by aminolysis of ethyl formate: HCOOCH2CH3 + NH3 → HCONH2 + CH3CH2OH. The current industrial process for the manufacture of formamide involves either the carbonylation of ammonia: CO + NH3 → HCONH2. An alternative two-stage process involves the ammonolysis of methyl formate, which is formed from carbon monoxide and methanol: CO + CH3OH → HCOOCH3HCO2CH3 + NH3 → HCONH2 + CH3OH. Formamide is used in the industrial production of hydrogen cyanide. Formamide has been shown to exhibit hematoxicity in animals and is considered hazardous by prolonged exposure through inhalation, oral intake and dermal absorption. Formamide is a metabolite used for biological monitoring of workers exposed to N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF).(PMID 7622279).

Oleoyl-CoA

C39H68N7O17P3S (1031.3605)

Oleoyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA desaturase and Protein FAM34A. [HMDB]. Oleoyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, fruits, hyssop, and rice. Oleoyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA desaturase and Protein FAM34A.

Glycerophosphoinositol

C9H19O11P (334.0665)

Glycerophosphoinositol (CAS: 16824-65-0), also known as 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol, is produced through deacylation by phospholipase B of the essential phospholipid phosphatidylinositol. Glycerophosphoinositols are ubiquitous phosphoinositide metabolites involved in the control of several cell functions. They exert their actions both intracellularly and by rapidly equilibrating across the plasma membrane. Their transport is mediated by the Glut2 transporter, the human ortholog of GIT1 (PMID: 17141226). Glycerophosphoinositol is a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.43) and is involved in the following reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = glycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate. It is also a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.44) which catalyzes the chemical reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Isolated from beef liver. Glycerylphosphoinositol is found in animal foods.

Cycasin

C8H16N2O7 (252.0957)

Cycasin is an alkaloid from seeds of the false sago Cycas circinalis and sago cycas Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae). Carcinogen of significance in human nutrition; but in practice the toxin is present in the seeds of the plant and the pith is used as a food source. Isolated from human milk D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins

pregnane

C21H36 (288.2817)

Nopaline

C11H20N4O6 (304.1383)

L-Dopachrome

C9H7NO4 (193.0375)

Dopachrome is a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin. Dopaquinone has an ortho-quinone ring, which is known to be neurotoxic and highly reactive with many other compounds (PMID: 413870). Dopachrome spontaneously gives rise to 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) or it can be enzymatically metabolized by dopachrome tautomerase to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). DHI and its oxidation products are also toxic to cells. Many Parkinsons patients are treated with L-DOPA. However, long-term treatment with L-DOPA may actually worsen symptoms or may result in neurotic and psychotic symptoms. These may be due to dopachrome and dopaquinone accumulating in the brain of L-DOPA treated patients (PMID: 19131041, PMID: 12373519). The non-decarboxylative tautomerization of L-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid in the melanin biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by Tyrosinase-related protein-2, a melanocyte-specific enzyme. (PMID 11095412) [HMDB]

Maltohexaose

C36H62O31 (990.3275)

Maltohexaose is a polysaccharide with 6 units of glucose and can be classified as a maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavourless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, and the higher the sweetness and solubility. Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins (Wikipedia). A 1,4-alpha-D-glucan reacts with H2O to produce maltohexaose. alpha-Amylase is responsible for catalyzing this reaction. Alpha-maltohexaose is a maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available. Constituent of corn starch. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) A maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch.

Linoleoyl-CoA

C39H66N7O17P3S (1029.3449)

Linoleoyl-CoA is the acyl-CoA of linoleic acid found in the human body. It binds to and results in decreased activity of glutathione S-transferase1. It has been proposed that inhibition of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator by long-chain acyl-CoA underlies the mechanism associating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the prevention of human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Their oxidation in vivo by acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) catalyze the first step of each cycle of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. ACAD-9 had maximal activity with long-chain unsaturated acyl-CoAs as substrates (PMID: 17184976, 16020546).

Arachidonyl-CoA

C41H66N7O17P3S (1053.3449)

Arachidonyl-CoA is an intermediate in Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Arachidonyl-CoA is produced from 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoyl-CoA via the enzyme fatty acid desaturase 1 (EC 1.14.19.-). It is then converted to Arachidonic acid via the enzymepalmitoyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.2).

2-Cyclohexen-1-one

C6H8O (96.0575)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

PPACK

C21H31ClN6O3 (450.2146)

Phylloquinol

C31H48O2 (452.3654)

Phylloquinol, also known as vitamin k1 hydroquinone or phytonadiol, is a member of the class of compounds known as diterpenoids. Diterpenoids are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. Thus, phylloquinol is considered to be a quinone lipid molecule. Phylloquinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phylloquinol can be found in a number of food items such as olive, sweet basil, mung bean, and yellow bell pepper, which makes phylloquinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phylloquinol, also known as vitamin K1 hydroquinone or reduced vitamin K1, is a polycyclic aromatic ketone, based on 1,4-naphthoquinone, with 2-methyl and 3-phytyl substituents. Vitamin K is a family of phylloquinones that contain a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: vitamin K1 derived from plants, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) from bacteria and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, and vitamin K3 (menadione).

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid is a terminal product of D-proline metabolism. Specifically D-proline is converted to 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid via D-amino acid oxidase. This spontaneously breaks down to 2-oxo-5-amino-valerate. [HMDB] 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid is a terminal product of D-proline metabolism. Specifically D-proline is converted to 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid via D-amino acid oxidase. This spontaneously breaks down to 2-oxo-5-amino-valerate.

5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol

C27H46O (386.3548)

5a-Cholest-8-en-3b-ol is a normal human metabolite and an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis. The concentrations of zymostenol are higher, both in serum and bile of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, compared to controls or in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. Kidney transplant recipients had lower serum zymostenol when compared to controls. During consumption of plant stanol ester spread by hypercholesterolemic children, plant sterols in the plasma decrease and cholesterol precursor sterols such as zymostenol increase. (PMID: 15736111, 16709621, 16477216, 12756385) [HMDB]. 5a-Cholest-8-en-3b-ol is found in many foods, some of which are chinese water chestnut, garden tomato, calabash, and cassava. 5alpha-Cholest-8-en-3beta-ol, also known as zymostenol, is a normal human metabolite and an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis. The concentrations of zymostenol are higher, both in the serum and bile of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, compared to controls or in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. Kidney transplant recipients had lower serum zymostenol when compared to controls. During consumption of plant stanol ester spread by hypercholesterolemic children, plant sterols in the plasma decreased and cholesterol precursor sterols such as zymostenol increased (PMID: 15736111, 16709621, 16477216, 12756385).

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate

C9H12FN2O8P (326.0315)

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate is a metabolite of floxuridine. Floxuridine (also 5-fluorodeoxyuridine) is an oncology drug that belongs to the class known as antimetabolites. The drug is most often used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. (Wikipedia)

4'-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine

C12H23N2O9PS (402.0862)

4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine, also known as pantothenoylcysteine 4-phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. Hybrid peptides are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond. 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Within humans, 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, cytidine monophosphate and 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine can be biosynthesized from cytidine triphosphate, D-4-phosphopantothenate, and L-cysteine through the action of the enzyme phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase. 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine (PPC) is an intermediate in the biosynthetic machinery (pathway) that converts pantothenate (vitamin B5) into coenzyme A (CoA). The enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of PPC into 4-phosphopantetheine. Coenzyme A is the principal acyl carrier and is required for many synthetic and degradative reactions in intermediary metabolism, and is an essential cofactor in all living systems (PMID: 15450493, 16371361, 14501115). 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine (PPC) is an intermediate in the biosynthetic machinery (pathway) that converts pantothenate (vitamin B5) into coenzyme A (CoA). The enzyme Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of PPC to 4-phosphopantetheine. Coenzyme A is the principal acyl carrier and is required for many synthetic and degradative reactions in intermediary metabolism, and is an essential cofactor in all living systems. (PMID: 15450493, 16371361, 14501115) [HMDB]

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside

C12H15NO8 (301.0798)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D000345 - Affinity Labels

Thioetheramide PC

C40H84N2O5PS+ (735.5838)

NSC100044

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

Tautomycin

C41H66O13 (766.4503)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

12-Keto-leukotriene B4

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

12-Keto-leukotriene B4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737)Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 12-Keto-leukotriene B4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737)

Prostaglandin A2

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

Produced by the seminal vesicles, prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids. Technically hormones, the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives is a subclass of eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signaling pathways. Prostaglandin A is a cyclopentenone and is an endogenous metabolite derived from arachidonic acid. It exhibits potent cellular anti-proliferative activity in vivo and in vitro. Excess PGA2 causes an accumulation in both S and G2/M, and a marked decrease in G1. There is also an increase in DNA content preceeding the G0/G1 peak (indicative of apoptotic body formation) mediated by changes in expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Produced by the seminal vessicals: Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fattyacids. Technically a hormone, the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives is a subclass of eicosanoids. Prostaglandin A is cyclopentenone and endogenous metabolite derived from arachidonic acid. Exhibits potent cellular anti-proliferative activity in vivo and in vitro. Excess PGA2 causes an accumulation in both S and G2/M, and a marked decrease in G1. As well there is an increase in DNA content preceeding the G0/G1 peak (indicative of apoptic body formation) mediated by changes in expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2.

6-Ketoprostaglandin E1

C20H32O6 (368.2199)

6-Ketoprostaglandin E1 (6-keto PGE1) is a biologically active and stable prostacyclin (PGI2) metabolite and a substrate for Adenylate cyclase type III. 6-keto PGE1 is a potent coronary vasodilator. 6-keto PGE1 could be elevated in plasma of patients with primary thrombocythaemia. 6-keto-PGE1 has approximately four times less potent antiplatelet activity than PGI2 on a molar basis in man. The cardiovascular and plasma renin activity (PRA) changes are less prominent for 6-keto-PGE1 than PGI2. Salt loading slightly increases urinary 6-keto PGE1. 6-keto-PGE1 elicits the same biological effects as PGI2 in human platelets and in rabbit aorta and mesenteric artery, being, however, less potent. 6-keto-PGE1 dose-dependently stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of human platelets and cultured myocytes from rabbit aorta and mesenteric artery. The extent of stimulation of the enzyme by 6-keto-PGE1 is the same as elicited by PGI2, while the apparent affinity is lower than that of prostacyclin, both in platelets and in vascular smooth muscle cells. At the level of platelet membranes, 6-keto-PGE1 interacts with the binding sites labelled by PGI2. However, in platelets as well as in mesenteric artery myocytes, 6-keto-PGE1 interacts with only one class of sites as demonstrated either by binding or by adenylate cyclase studies, whereas PGI2 in the same conditions recognizes two different classes. (PMID: 3186779, 3075239, 3472253, 3912001, 3881881, 6391491)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 6-Ketoprostaglandin E1(6-keto PGE1) is a biologically active and stable prostacyclin (PGI2) metabolite and a substrate for Adenylate cyclase type III. 6-keto PGE1 is a potent coronary vasodilator. 6-keto PGE1 could be elevated in plasma of patients with primary thrombocythaemia. 6-keto-PGE1 has approximately four times less potent antiplatelet activity than PGI2 on a molar basis in man. The cardiovascular and plasma renin activity (PRA) changes are less prominent for 6-keto-PGE1 than PGI2. Salt loading slightly increases urinary 6-keto PGE1. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

2-Propyn-1-al

C3H2O (54.0106)

2-Propyn-1-al is involved in the propanoate metabolism system. It is created from 2-Propyn-1-ol through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.99.8]. 2-Propyn-1-al is converted to propynoate by aldehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.3]. [HMDB] 2-Propyn-1-al is involved in the propanoate metabolism system. It is created from 2-Propyn-1-ol through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.99.8]. 2-Propyn-1-al is converted to propynoate by aldehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.3].

(+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in many foods, some of which are common pea, asparagus, sweet potato, and dill. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in allspice. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag

Prostaglandin D1

C20H34O5 (354.2406)

Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)

8-O-4'-Diferulic acid

C14H10Cl4 (317.9537)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Chloroacetic acid

C2H3ClO2 (93.9822)

Prohibited from use in food Chloroacetic acid is the chemical compound with the formula ClCH2CO2H. This carboxylic acid is a useful building block in organic synthesis. Like other chloroacetic acids and related halocarbons, it is a potentially dangerous alkylating agent

Calcitonin

C145H240N44O48S2 (3429.7132)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

Isopropamide

C23H33N2O+ (353.2593)

Isopropamide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a long-acting quaternary anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and other gastrointestinal disorders marked by hyperacidity and hypermotility.Anticholinergics are a class of medications that inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movements of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition here decreases acidity and motility, aiding in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent

Menadiol

C11H10O2 (174.0681)

Prothrombogenic vitamin Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles[1].

OCTAMETHYLTRISILOXANE

C8H24O2Si3 (236.1084)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials

Suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

Suprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic. [PubChem]Suprofen binds to the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes, preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. Cyclooxygenase catalyses the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (itself derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A₂). Prostaglandins act (among other things) as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. The overall result is a reduction in pain and inflammation in the eyes and the prevention of pupil constriction during surgery. Normally trauma to the anterior segment of the eye (especially the iris) increases endogenous prostaglandin synthesis which leads to constriction of the iris sphincter. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Carbonyl sulfide

COS (59.967)

BURIMAMIDE

C9H16N4S (212.1096)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents

Oxotremorine

C12H18N2O (206.1419)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists

4-Nitroanisole

C7H7NO3 (153.0426)

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is a primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide and of mafosfamide (an experimental drug) after they partially metabolized by cytochrome P450 (PMID: 12021633). Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic used to suppress the immune system and to treat several cancers including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. After cyclphosphamide is converted to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide it is then partially tautomerized into aldophosphamide, which easily enters live cells whereupon it is partially detoxified into inactive carboxycyclophosphamide by the enzyme ALDH. 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is also an intermediate metabolite in the formation of phosphoramide mustard, the active metabolite, and acrolein, the metabolite responsible for much of the toxicity associated with cyclophosphamides (PMID: 7059981). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is not cytotoxic at physiologic pH, readily diffuses into cells and spontaneously decomposes into the active phosphoramide mustard. In human liver microsomes, 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation correlates with known phenotypic markers of CYP2B6 activity, specifically formation of (S)-2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl pyrrolidine and hydroxybupropion. In addition, it is reported that the CYP2B6 genotype is not consistently related to 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation in vitro or in vivo (PMID: 21976622). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is only found in individuals who have consumed the drug cyclophosphamide. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Sulbactam

C8H11NO5S (233.0358)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CG - Beta-lactamase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D065093 - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C2140 - Adjuvant > C183118 - Beta-lactamase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Mometasone

C22H28Cl2O4 (426.1365)

Mometasone is a medium-potency synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Studies in asthmatic patients have demonstrated that mometasone provides a favorable ratio of topical to systemic activity due to its primary local effect along with the extensive hepatic metabolism and the lack of active metabolites. Though effective for the treatment of asthma, glucocorticoids do not affect asthma symptoms immediately. Maximum improvement in symptoms following inhaled administration of mometasone furoate may not be achieved for 1 to 2 weeks or longer after starting treatment. he antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Ethchlorvynol

C7H9ClO (144.0342)

Ethchlorvynol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a sedative and hypnotic drug. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists. [Wikipedia]Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, ethchlorvynol appears to depress the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of barbiturates. Barbiturates bind at a distinct binding sites associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

grams iodine

I3K (419.6771)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D009676 - Noxae > D007509 - Irritants D004396 - Coloring Agents

Econazole

C18H15Cl3N2O (380.025)

Econazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad spectrum antimycotic with some action against Gram positive bacteria. It is used topically in dermatomycoses also orally and parenterally. [PubChem]Econazole interacts with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Econazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8761; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8759 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8812; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8810 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8821; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8819 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8721; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8717 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8770; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8769 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 646; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8808; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8805 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AF - Imidazole derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058888 - 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent

1-Propanethiol

C3H8S (76.0347)

1-Propanethiol, also known as N-propylthiol or propyl mercaptan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylthiols. These are organic compounds containing the thiol functional group linked to an alkyl chain. 1-Propanethiol is a sweet, cabbage, and gassy tasting compound. 1-Propanethiol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as garden onions, fruits, cabbages, wild leeks, and onion-family vegetables. Isolated from onion (Allium cepa) and other Allium sspecies Also present in cooked chicken, beef, beer, American potato chips and durian (Durio zibethinus). 1-Propanethiol is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, wild leek, yellow wax bean, and animal foods.

Capillin

C12H8O (168.0575)

Capillin is found in herbs and spices. Capillin is a constituent of essential oil from Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon). Constituent of essential oil from Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon). Capillin is found in herbs and spices.

Ichangin

C26H32O9 (488.2046)

Corchoroside A

C29H42O9 (534.2829)

Constituent of Corchorus olitorius (Jews mallow) and Hesperis matronalis (sweet rocket). Corchoroside A is found in tea, herbs and spices, and green vegetables. Helveticoside is found in herbs and spices. Helveticoside is a constituent of Hesperis matronalis (sweet rocket) D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D004071 - Digitalis Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins

Eburnamine

C19H24N2O (296.1889)

Simplexin

C30H44O8 (532.3036)

Plenolin

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

vermeerin

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

Epilubimin

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

Stress product from potato tubers. Lubimin is found in eggplant and potato. Lubimin is found in eggplant. Stress product from potato tuber

Rishitin

C14H22O2 (222.162)

Constituent of the tubers of white potatoes (Solanum subspecies) infected by Phytophthora infestans. Rishitin is found in many foods, some of which are pepper (c. annuum), yellow bell pepper, red bell pepper, and garden tomato (variety). Rishitin is found in alcoholic beverages. Rishitin is a constituent of the tubers of white potatoes (Solanum species) infected by Phytophthora infestans

Thujopsene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A thujopsene that has (S,S,S)-configuration.

dolichodial

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

A dialdehyde that is cyclopentanecarbaldehyde substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 3-oxo-prop-1-en-2yl group at position 5. It has been found to occur in pheromones of insects such as aphids.

Ipolamiide

C17H26O11 (406.1475)

Cyanobenzene

C7H5N (103.0422)

alpha-Terpineol

C10H18O (154.1358)

alpha-Terpineol (CAS: 98-55-5) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers of terpineol, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, with the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. Terpineol has a pleasant odour similar to lilac and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavours. alpha-Terpineol is occasionally found as a volatile component in urine. It is a water-soluble component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel, the tea tree oil (TTO). alpha-Terpineol is a likely mediator of the in vitro and in vivo activity of the TTO as an agent that could control C. albicans vaginal infections. Purified alpha-terpineol can suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. alpha-Terpineol is able to impair the growth of human M14 melanoma cells and appear to be more effective on their resistant variants, which express high levels of P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane, overcoming resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis exerted by P-glycoprotein-positive tumour cells (PMID:5556886, 17083732, 11131302, 15009716). Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. (R)-alpha-Terpineol is found in many foods, some of which are mentha (mint), sweet marjoram, lovage, and cardamom. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].

(R)-Oxypeucedanin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

(r)-oxypeucedanin, also known as hishigado or phosphine, is a member of the class of compounds known as psoralens. Psoralens are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (r)-oxypeucedanin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (r)-oxypeucedanin can be found in carrot, lemon, parsley, and wild carrot, which makes (r)-oxypeucedanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is a member of psoralens. 4-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one is a natural product found in Prangos latiloba, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (R)-Oxypeucedanin is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is isolated from Angelica glauc Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2]. Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2].

6-Hydroxyluteolin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad). 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in many foods, some of which are common thyme, mexican oregano, green vegetables, and lemon verbena. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in common thyme. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad).

quercetagetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Pisatin

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Stress metabolite from Pisum sativum (pea) and Trifolium pratense (red clover). Pisatin is found in many foods, some of which are pulses, tea, common pea, and herbs and spices. Pisatin is found in common pea. Pisatin is a stress metabolite from Pisum sativum (pea) and Trifolium pratense (red clover). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents

Shekanin

C22H22O11 (462.1162)

Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2]. Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2].

Texasin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

nonactin

C40H64O12 (736.4398)

CHAPS

C32H58N2O7S (614.3965)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents

Methyloxirane

C3H6O (58.0419)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Practolol

C14H22N2O3 (266.163)

Practolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. [PubChem]Like other beta-adrenergic antagonists, practolol competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at sympathetic receptor sites. Like propranolol and timolol, practolol binds at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the effects of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and decreasing heart rate, cardiac output, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Same as: D05587 Practolol is a potent and selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Practolol can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias[1][2][3].

Ticrynafen

C13H8Cl2O4S (329.952)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03C - High-ceiling diuretics > C03CC - Aryloxyacetic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49184 - Loop Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics Same as: D02386

dup-697

C17H12BrFO2S2 (409.9446)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

1-((4-Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole

C17H12F4N2O2S (384.0556)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

MK-329

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Same as: D02693 Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

Ethylketocyclazocine

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Pinocarveol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Flavouring ingredient. Pinocarveol is found in many foods, some of which are spearmint, wild celery, hyssop, and sweet bay. Pinocarveol is found in hyssop. Pinocarveol is a flavouring ingredien

FA 7:1

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

DB-065692

C27H41NO5S (491.2705)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

heliomycin

C22H16O6 (376.0947)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic

FA 18:1

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

2-Aminoacridone

C13H10N2O (210.0793)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes

alpha-Terpineol acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].

Tazarotene

C21H21NO2S (351.1293)

Tazarotene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a prescription topical retinoid sold as a cream or gel. This medication is approved for treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun damaged skin (photodamage). [Wikipedia]Although the exact mechanism of tazarotene action is not known, studies have shown that the active form of the drug (tazarotenic acid) binds to all three members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) family: RARa, RARb, and RARg, but shows relative selectivity for RARb, and RARg and may modify gene expression. It also has affinity for RXR receptors. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent D - Dermatologicals > D05 - Antipsoriatics > D05A - Antipsoriatics for topical use C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D007641 - Keratolytic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens Same as: D01132

Cyclothiazide

C14H16ClN3O4S2 (389.0271)

As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics Same as: D01256 Cyclothiazide, a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, is used frequently to block the desensitization of both native and heterologously expressed AMPA receptors. Cyclothiazide is known to produce a fast inhibition of AMPA receptor desensitization and a much slower potentiation of the AMPA current[1].

Mequitazine

C20H22N2S (322.1504)

Mequitazine is a histamine H1 antagonist (antihistamine). It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist Same as: D01324 Mequitazine is a potent, and long-acting histamine H1 antagonist.

Lynestrenol

C20H28O (284.214)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents Same as: D01580

Furo(3,4-b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-4-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl ester

C18H17F2NO5 (365.1075)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D002120 - Calcium Channel Agonists D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

Correolide

C40H52O16 (788.3255)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

(1,2-diphenylethenyl)benzene

C20H16 (256.1252)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists

Promegestone

C22H30O2 (326.2246)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DB - Pregnadien derivatives Same as: D08431

Monobenzone

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

Monobenzone is the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used medically for depigmentation. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The topical application of monobenzone in animals increases the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. The same action is thought to be responsible for the depigmenting effect of the drug in humans. Monobenzone may cause destruction of melanocytes and permanent depigmentation. D - Dermatologicals Same as: D05072

Metribolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Diphenolic acid

C17H18O4 (286.1205)

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol

C3H6Cl2O (127.9796)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D003432 - Cross-Linking Reagents D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Phthalazone

C8H6N2O (146.048)

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162) [HMDB] 5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162).

L-365260

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

L-365260 is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance[1][2][3].

1-[(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid

C29H28N4O3 (480.2161)

Levomycin

C51H64N12O12S2 (1100.4208)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

24-Methylenecholesterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

24-Methylenecholesterol, also known as chalinasterol or ostreasterol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, 24-methylenecholesterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 24-Methylenecholesterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 24-Methylenecholesterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. 24-Methylenecholesterol is converted from 5-dehydroepisterol by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21). 24-Methylenecholesterol is converted into campesterol by delta24-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72). 24-methylenecholesterol is a 3beta-sterol having the structure of cholesterol with a methylene group at C-24. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It is functionally related to a cholesterol. 24-Methylenecholesterol is a natural product found in Echinometra lucunter, Ulva fasciata, and other organisms with data available. A 3beta-sterol having the structure of cholesterol with a methylene group at C-24. Constituent of clams and oysters 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol), a natural marine sterol, stimulates cholesterol acyltransferase in human macrophages. 24-Methylenecholesterol possess anti-aging effects in yeast. 24-methylenecholesterol enhances honey bee longevity and improves nurse bee physiology[1][2][3].

Cervonyl coenzyme A

C43H66N7O17P3S (1077.3449)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

N'-nitrosonornicotine

C9H11N3O (177.0902)

N-nitrosonornicotine belongs to the family of Pyrrolidinylpyridines. These are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

alpha-Bisabolol oxide A

C15H26O2 (238.1933)

Constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). alpha-Bisabolol oxide A is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, fats and oils, tea, and german camomile. alpha-Bisabolol oxide A is found in fats and oils. alpha-Bisabolol oxide A is a constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). Bisabolol oxide A possesses antihyperalgesic and antiedematous effects with oral activity[1].

beta-Bisabolene

C15H24 (204.1878)

S-beta-Bisabolene is found in anise. S-beta-Bisabolene is a constituent of the essential oils of bergamot, lemon and wild carrot Flavouring ingredient used singly or as mixed isomers. Component of FEMA 3331. See also 2,7,10-Bisabolatriene JHG85-W β-Bisabolene is a?sesquiterpene isolated from?opoponax (Commiphora guidotti). β-Bisabolene, an anti-cancer agent, can be used for the study of breast cancer[1]. β-Bisabolene is a?sesquiterpene isolated from?opoponax (Commiphora guidotti). β-Bisabolene, an anti-cancer agent, can be used for the study of breast cancer[1].

beta-Sesquiphellandrene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of the oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale). beta-Sesquiphellandrene is found in many foods, some of which are turmeric, parsley, rosemary, and tea. beta-Sesquiphellandrene is found in common oregano. beta-Sesquiphellandrene is a constituent of the oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Bombykol

C16H30O (238.2297)

Bombykol, the first insect sex pheromone, is identified as the female-produced sex attractant of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori[1][2][3].

Jaspamide

C36H45BrN4O6 (708.2522)

A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals

Capillene

C12H10 (154.0782)

Methylnissolin

C17H16O5 (300.0998)

Methylnissolin is a member of pterocarpans. Methylnissolin is a natural product found in Lathyrus nissolia and Dalbergia odorifera with data available. Methylnissolin is found in alfalfa. Methylnissolin is isolated from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Isolated from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Methylnissolin is found in alfalfa and pulses. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1].

G-418

C20H40N4O10 (496.2744)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D005839 - Gentamicins

Dopamine quinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101). Dopamine quinone is produce by the reaction between dopamine and oxygen, with water as the byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by the tyrosinase precursor. Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101)

Imetit

C6H10N4S (170.0626)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists

Methyloxirane

C3H6O (58.0419)

Methyloxirane, also known as 2,3-epoxypropane or propylene oxide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as epoxides. Epoxides are compounds containing a cyclic ether with three ring atoms(one oxygen and two carbon atoms). Methyloxirane is a sweet and ethereal tasting compound. Methyloxirane is a potentially toxic compound. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens Same as: D09803

DL-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.

DL-Homocysteine

C4H9NO2S (135.0354)

DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain.

3-aminoalanine

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. KEIO_ID D037

ST 19:2;O3

C19H28O3 (304.2038)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Isofraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Isofraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia alba, Artemisia assoana, and other organisms with data available. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

skrofulein

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsimaritin is a natural product found in Achillea santolina, Schoenia cassiniana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of).

Carveol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Carveol is a clear colorless liquid. Insoluble in water. Carveol is a limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. Carveol is a natural product found in Echinophora tournefortii, Trachyspermum anethifolium, and other organisms with data available. Present in oil of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), blackcurrant berries, celery, black tea, dill, caraway seeds and lambs lettuce. Flavouring agent. Carveol is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, parsley, tea, and cumin. Carveol is found in caraway. Carveol is present in oil of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), blackcurrant berries, celery, black tea, dill, caraway seeds and lambs lettuce. Carveol is a flavouring agent A limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5. Carveol is an endogenous metabolite. Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Methylhistidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

3-Methylhistidine, also known as 3-MHis or 3MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 3MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. 3-Methylhistidine is also classified as a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-Amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. 3-Methylhistidine is generated from histidine residues found in proteins. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022). Histidine methylation on the 3- or tau site is mediated by the enzyme known as METTL18. METTL18 is a nuclear methyltransferase protein that contains a functional nuclear localization signal and accumulates in nucleoli. Urinary concentrations of 3-methylhistidine can be used as a biomarker for skeletal muscle protein breakdown in humans who have been subject to muscle injury (PMID: 16079625). 3-methylhistidine is formed by the posttranslational methylation of histidine residues of the main myofibrillar proteins actin and myosin. During protein catabolism, 3-methylhistidine is released but cannot be reutilized. Therefore, the plasma concentration and urine excretion of 3-methylhistidine are sensitive markers of myofibrillar protein degradation (PMID: 32235743). Approximately 75\\\% of 3-methylhistidine is estimated to originate from skeletal muscle (PMID: 32235743). In addition to the degradation of muscle proteins, the 3-methylhistidine level is affected by the degradation of intestinal proteins and meat intake. 3-Methylhistidine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, 3-methylhistidine is involved in methylhistidine metabolism. 3-Methylhistidine has been found to be associated with several diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, eosinophilic esophagitis, and kidney disease. The normal concentration of 3-methylhistidine in the urine of healthy adult humans has been detected and quantified in a range of 3.63–69.27 micromoles per millimole (umol/mmol) of creatinine, with most studies reporting the average urinary concentration between 15–20 umol/mmol of creatinine. The average concentration of 3-methylhistidine in human blood plasma has been detected and quantified at 2.85 micromolar (uM) with a range of 0.0–5.9 uM. As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671). 3-Methyl-L-histidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.

7,8-Dihydroneopterin

C9H13N5O4 (255.0967)

7,8-Dihydroneopterin, also known as dihydroneopterin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. They are synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Within humans, 7,8-dihydroneopterin participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 7,8-dihydroneopterin can be biosynthesized from sepiapterin; which is catalyzed by the enzyme sepiapterin reductase or carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1. In humans, 7,8-dihydroneopterin is involved in the metabolic disorder called hyperphenylalaninemia due to 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin is produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages upon stimulation with interferon-gamma. Increased amounts of 7,8-dihydroneopterin in human body fluids are found in many disorders, including viral infections and autoimmune diseases (PMID: 12804528). 7,8-dihydroneopterin, also known as npr, belongs to biopterins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. They are mainly synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. 7,8-dihydroneopterin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7,8-dihydroneopterin can be found in a number of food items such as prickly pear, star anise, cocoa bean, and black salsify, which makes 7,8-dihydroneopterin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 7,8-dihydroneopterin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 7,8-dihydroneopterin is involved in the pterine biosynthesis. 7,8-dihydroneopterin is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hyperphenylalaninemia due to dhpr-deficiency, sepiapterin reductase deficiency, dopa-responsive dystonia, and hyperphenylalaniemia due to guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin, an inflammation marker, induces cellular apoptosis in astrocytes and neurons via enhancement of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases[1].

2,4-Diaminobutyric acid

C4H10N2O2 (118.0742)

2,4-Diaminobutyric acid, also known as 2,4-diaminobutanoate or Dbu, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk. This could make 2,4-diaminobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid is a non-physiological, cationic amino acid analogue that is transported into cells by System A with potent antitumoral activity in vitro against human glioma cells, the result of the pronounced concentrated uptake of DAB in glioma cells to the extent that a cellular lysis could occur due to osmotic reasons. 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid is a non-physiological, cationic amino acid analogue that is transported into cells by System A with potent antitumoral activity in vitro against human glioma cells, the result of the pronounced concentrated uptake of DAB in glioma cells to the extent that a cellular lysis could occur due to osmotic reasons. (PMID: 1561943) [HMDB] L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.

18R-HEPE

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

18R-HEPE which is the R form of 18(+/-)-HEPE, is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. [HMDB] 18R-HEPE which is the R form of 18(+/-)-HEPE, is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA.

Phytonadiol

C31H48O2 (452.3654)

delta-Amorphene

C15H24 (204.1878)

1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]. A cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

Detoxification of cyclophosphamide is effected, in part, by hepatic class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1)-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide, a pivotal aldehyde intermediate, to the nontoxic metabolite, carboxyphosphamide. Detoxification of aldophosphamide may also be effected by enzymes, viz. Thus, NAD-linked oxidation and NADPH-linked reduction of aldophosphamide catalyzed by relevant erythrocyte enzymes were quantified. (PMID: 9394035) Class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH-1) function as drug resistance gene products by catalyzing the irreversible conversion of aldophosphamide, an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, to an inert compound. (PMID: 9322086) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Neohesperidose

C12H22O10 (326.1213)

Neohesperidose is found in citrus. Neohesperidose occurs in plants as disaccharide component of HBH63-H and other glycoside

Capillene

C12H10 (154.0782)

Capillene is found in herbs and spices. Capillene is isolated from oil of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon Isolated from oil of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon). Capillene is found in herbs and spices.

(+)-Lithospermic acid

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

(1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane

C6H14N2 (114.1157)

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

4alpha-Phorbol

C20H28O6 (364.1886)

Dihomo--linolenic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Aloeresin B

C19H22O9 (394.1264)

Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

Ppack

C21H31ClN6O3 (450.2146)

N-acetyl Leukotriene E4

C25H39NO6S (481.2498)

S-DNP-Glutathione

C16H19N5O10S (473.0853)

Risbitin

C14H22O2 (222.162)

Risbitin, also known as rishitin, (1s-(1alpha,2beta,3alpha,7beta))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,2-diols. 1,2-diols are polyols containing an alcohol group at two adjacent positions. Risbitin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Risbitin can be found in potato, which makes risbitin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

L-3-Methylhistidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

3-Methyl-L-histidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Ipomic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

1ST14177

C18H23NO5 (333.1576)

Seneciphylline is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) LSM-2853 is a citraconoyl group. Seneciphylline is a natural product found in Senecio bollei, Tussilago farfara, and other organisms with data available. Seneciphylline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica[1]. Seneciphylline significantly increases the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but causes reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities[2].

Tectoridin

C22H22O11 (462.1162)

Tectoridin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyisoflavone, a methoxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a tectorigenin. Tectoridin is a natural product found in Iris milesii, Iris tectorum, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2]. Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2].

Lupeol acetate

C32H52O2 (468.3967)

Lupeol acetate, a derivative of Lupeol, suppresses the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inhibiting the activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis through downregulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF and granzyme B[1]. Lupeol acetate, a derivative of Lupeol, suppresses the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inhibiting the activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis through downregulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF and granzyme B[1].

Vanillylmandelic acid

C9H10O5 (198.0528)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. Vanillylmandelic acid is the endproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism. Vanillylmandelic acid can be used as an indication of the disorder in neurotransmitter metabolism as well. Vanillylmandelic acid has antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 33 μM[1].

(+)-alpha-terpineol

C10H18O (154.1358)

The (4R)-stereoiosmer of alpha-terpineol.

Nornepetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Texasin

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Methylnissolin

C17H16O5 (300.0998)

Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1]. Methylnissolin (Astrapterocarpan), isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10 μM. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERIC1/2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Methylnissolin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade[1].

Laricitrin

C16H12O8 (332.0532)

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 3-O-methyl derivative of myricetin.

4-Hydroxycoumarin

C9H6O3 (162.0317)

4-hydroxycoumarin is a hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxycoumarin(1-). 4-Hydroxycoumarin is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Ruta graveolens, and Apis cerana with data available. A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D015110 - 4-Hydroxycoumarins 4-hydroxycoumarin is an important fungal metabolite from the precursor coumarin, and its production leads to further fermentative production of the natural anticoagulant dicoumarol. 4-Hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one is found in beer and grape wine. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2338 INTERNAL_ID 2338; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) 4-Hydroxycoumarin, a coumarin derivative, is one of the most versatile heterocyclic scaffolds and is frequently applied in the synthesis of various organic compounds. 4-Hydroxycoumarin possesses both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives are employed as the anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, HIV protease inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors[1]. 4-Hydroxycoumarin, a coumarin derivative, is one of the most versatile heterocyclic scaffolds and is frequently applied in the synthesis of various organic compounds. 4-Hydroxycoumarin possesses both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives are employed as the anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, HIV protease inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors[1].

Thujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

Menthone

C10H18O (154.1358)

P-menthan-3-one is a p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menthane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. p-Menthan-3-one is a natural product found in Citrus hystrix, Mentha aquatica, and other organisms with data available. The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one. Flavouring compound [Flavornet] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\\\% and 94.92\\\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\\% and 94.92\\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\\% and 94.92\\\\%. [2] (-)-Menthone is a monoterpene component of the essential oil of maturing peppermint. (+)-Neomenthyl-β-d-glucoside is a metabolite of (-)-Menthone[1].Mortality of two biological forms of Anopheles stephensi(larvae) exposed to about 45 ppm (-)-Menthone is 27.67\\\% and 94.92\\\%. [2] Menthone, a monoterpene extracted from plants and Mentha oil with strong antioxidant properties. Menthone is a main volatile component of the essential oil, and has anti-Inflammatory properties in Schistosoma mansoni Infection[1][2]. Menthone, a monoterpene extracted from plants and Mentha oil with strong antioxidant properties. Menthone is a main volatile component of the essential oil, and has anti-Inflammatory properties in Schistosoma mansoni Infection[1][2].

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

(+)-Longifolene

C15H24 (204.1878)

(+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1]. (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1]. (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant[1].

Chelidonin

C20H19NO5 (353.1263)

Annotation level-1 http://casmi-contest.org/examples.shtml; CASMI2012 Example 1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.627 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.621 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2461; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 921; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3]. Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3].

Gamma-tocopherol/beta-tocopherol

C28H48O2 (416.3654)

beta-Tocopherol is an antioxidant which is synthesized by photosynthetic organisms and plays an important role in human and animal nutrition. beta-Tocopherols can be oxidized in dry CH2Cl2 or CH3CN by one electron to form cation radicals that deprotonate to form the neutral phenoxyl radicals, which are then immediately further oxidized by one electron to the phenoxonium cations (an ECE electrochemical mechanism, where E signifies an electron transfer and C represents a chemical step, with the electrochemical mechanism having been determined by in situ spectroscopic analysis). The phenoxonium cation of beta-tocopherol is stable for several minutes (PMID: 16771430). beta-Tocopherol has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Beta-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a vitamin E and a tocopherol. beta-Tocopherol is a natural product found in Trachycarpus fortunei, Crataegus monogyna, and other organisms with data available. A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites. A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts. (rel)-β-Tocopherol is a relative configuration of β-Tocopherol.(±)-β-Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin E with antioxidant activity. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1]. β-Tocopherol is an analogue of vitamin E, exhibits antioxidant properties. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1][2][3]. β-Tocopherol is an analogue of vitamin E, exhibits antioxidant properties. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol also can prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol[1][2][3].

β-Bisabolene

C15H24 (204.1878)

(S)-beta-bisabolene is a beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-beta-bisabolene. beta-Bisabolene is a natural product found in Rattus rattus, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. A beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration. β-Bisabolene is a?sesquiterpene isolated from?opoponax (Commiphora guidotti). β-Bisabolene, an anti-cancer agent, can be used for the study of breast cancer[1]. β-Bisabolene is a?sesquiterpene isolated from?opoponax (Commiphora guidotti). β-Bisabolene, an anti-cancer agent, can be used for the study of breast cancer[1].

pisatin

C17H14O6 (314.079)

A member of the class of pterocarpans that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain (the 6aR,12aR stereoisomer). A phytoalexin found in pods of garden peas (Pisum sativum) and other plants of the pea family, including Tephrosia candida. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents 6H-(1,3)Dioxolo(5,6)benzofuro(3,2-c)(1)benzopyran-6a(12aH)-ol, 3-methoxy-, (6aS-cis)- is a natural product found in Millettia pachyloba with data available.

Quercetagetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

Quercetagetin is a hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of flavonols and a hexahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. Quercetagetin is a natural product found in Calanticaria bicolor, Tagetes subulata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of). A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

1ST40320

C18H25NO6 (351.1682)

Retrorsine is a macrolide. Retrorsine is a natural product found in Crotalaria spartioides, Senecio malacitanus, and other organisms with data available. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2]. Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2].

alpha-Terpineol acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a p-menthane monoterpenoid. alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Terpinyl acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].

Fenpropimorph

C20H33NO (303.2562)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4023 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 146

Fenpropidin

C19H31N (273.2456)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2958

Propoxyphene

C22H29NO2 (339.2198)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AC - Diphenylpropylamine derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3344

Dihydrocapsaicin

C18H29NO3 (307.2147)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.274 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.271 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.269 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Annotation level-1 Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Deoxyadenosine monophosphate

C10H14N5O6P (331.0682)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.057 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.056 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate, a nucleic acid AMP derivative, is a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate can be used to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage[1]. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate, a nucleic acid AMP derivative, is a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate can be used to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage[1].

Ergonovine

C19H23N3O2 (325.179)

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AB - Ergot alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics CONFIDENCE Claviceps purpurea sclerotia relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.382 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.380 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.373 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.375

Verbenone

C10H14O (150.1045)

R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05C - Expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants > R05CA - Expectorants 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one is a carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4. It is a carbobicyclic compound, a cyclic ketone and an enone. Verbenone is a natural product found in Eucalyptus fasciculosa, Eucalyptus intertexta, and other organisms with data available. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.872 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.873 Verbenone ((-)-Verbenone) is a natural terpene in leaves of the tree, Verbena officinalis[1]. Verbenone has anti-aggregation pheromone and interrupts the attraction of bark beetles to their aggregation pheromones[2]. Verbenone ((-)-Verbenone) is a natural terpene in leaves of the tree, Verbena officinalis[1]. Verbenone has anti-aggregation pheromone and interrupts the attraction of bark beetles to their aggregation pheromones[2].

felbamate

C11H14N2O4 (238.0954)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics Felbamate (W-554) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).

Tazarotene

C21H21NO2S (351.1293)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C804 - Retinoic Acid Agent D - Dermatologicals > D05 - Antipsoriatics > D05A - Antipsoriatics for topical use C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D007641 - Keratolytic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens Same as: D01132

prilocaine

C13H20N2O (220.1576)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Cytidine diphosphate

C9H15N3O11P2 (403.0182)

3-Methyl-L-histidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring. 3-Methylhistidine is a product of peptide bond synthesis and methylation of actin and myosin. The measurement of 3-Methylhistidine provides an index of the rate of muscle protein breakdown. [HMDB]. 3-Methylhistidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products. 3-Methyl-L-histidine is a biomarker for meat consumption, especially chicken. It is also a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

trans-Vaccenic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

Fraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Fraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Fraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia minor, Melilotus messanensis, and other organisms with data available. Fraxidin, also known as 8-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycoumarins. Hydroxycoumarins are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the coumarin skeleton. Fraxidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Fraxidin can be found in durian and watermelon, which makes fraxidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

10-gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

propoxur

C11H15NO3 (209.1052)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Prostaglandin B2

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

dihydrobiopterin

C9H13N5O3 (239.1018)

7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is an oxidation product of tetrahydrobiopterin.

N,N-dimethylaniline

C8H11N (121.0891)

4-Guanidinobutyric acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

fenoldopam

C16H16ClNO3 (305.0819)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

Lumazine

C6H4N4O2 (164.0334)

Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is an endogenous metabolite.

nalbuphine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

2-Deoxyuridine 5-monophosphate

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

Gramine

C11H14N2 (174.1157)

Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 4 Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].

Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

Tridemorph

C19H39NO (297.3031)

cyclothiazide

C14H16ClN3O4S2 (389.0271)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics Same as: D01256 Cyclothiazide, a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, is used frequently to block the desensitization of both native and heterologously expressed AMPA receptors. Cyclothiazide is known to produce a fast inhibition of AMPA receptor desensitization and a much slower potentiation of the AMPA current[1].

Tienilic acid

C13H8Cl2O4S (329.952)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03C - High-ceiling diuretics > C03CC - Aryloxyacetic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49184 - Loop Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

promethazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

trimeprazine

C18H22N2S (298.1504)

R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics

Mexiletine

C11H17NO (179.131)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BB - Antiarrhythmics, class ib D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker

Carveol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Carveol is an endogenous metabolite. Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.

12-HETE-[d8]

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ]; CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0088.mzML CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0088.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0088.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0088.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 40.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001295.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ]

O-TOLUIC ACID

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

Penconazole

C13H15Cl2N3 (283.0643)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

5-heptenoic acid

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

Levorphanol

C17H23NO (257.178)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Maackiain

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

Widespread in the Leguminosae subfamily. Constituent of Trifolium pratense (red clover). (-)-Maackiain is found in many foods, some of which are nectarine, chickpea, alaska blueberry, and adzuki bean. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1].

oleoyl-CoA

C39H68N7O17P3S (1031.3605)

An octadecenoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of oleic acid.

epicubenol

C15H26O (222.1984)

PROSTAGLANDIN A2

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

Prostaglandin D1

C20H34O5 (354.2406)

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.

8,9-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

18R-HEPE

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

An 18-HEPE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-icosapentaenoic in which the 18-hydroxy group has R-configuration.

CoA 18:1

C39H68N7O17P3S (1031.3605)

CoA 18:2

C39H66N7O17P3S (1029.3449)

CoA 20:4

C41H66N7O17P3S (1053.3449)

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

CoA 22:6

C43H66N7O17P3S (1077.3449)

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid. It is a member of n-3 PUFA and a product of alpha-linolenoic acid metabolism.

Zymostenol

C27H46O (386.3548)

ST 26:3;O3

C26H40O3 (400.2977)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

fludrocortisone

C21H29FO5 (380.1999)

H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AA - Mineralocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

(+)-DELTA-CADINENE

C15H24 (204.1878)

A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).

canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967)

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Phytonadiol

C31H48O2 (452.3654)

malvidin

C17H15O7+ (331.0818)

An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.

RIVASTIGMINE

C14H22N2O2 (250.1681)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06D - Anti-dementia drugs > N06DA - Anticholinesterases D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

DL-Lysine

C6H14N2O2 (146.1055)

DL-Lysine is a racemic mixture of the D-Lysine and L-Lysine. Lysine is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins[1].

Tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2H-pyran-3-ol

C15H26O2 (238.1933)

Methyltrienolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

2,4,6-tribromophenol

C6H3Br3O (327.7734)

A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants.

Monobenzone

C13H12O2 (200.0837)

D - Dermatologicals Same as: D05072

epoxypropane

C3H6O (58.0419)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens Same as: D09803

Hexobarbital

C12H16N2O3 (236.1161)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CA - Barbiturates, plain N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AF - Barbiturates, plain C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators

mequitazine

C20H22N2S (322.1504)

R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist Same as: D01324 Mequitazine is a potent, and long-acting histamine H1 antagonist.

practolol

C14H22N2O3 (266.163)

C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Same as: D05587 Practolol is a potent and selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Practolol can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias[1][2][3].

Geranyl acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent[1]. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis[2]. Geranyl acetate has been reported in Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon distans

Nonacosane

C29H60 (408.4695)

Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].

CHEBI:15385

C15H24 (204.1878)

jatrorrizine

C20H20NO4+ (338.1392)

CORFREE M1

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Marmesin

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetin is a marmesin with R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a rat metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-marmesin. Nodakenetin is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Melicope barbigera, and other organisms with data available. A marmesin with R-configuration. (+)-marmesin is a marmesin. It is an enantiomer of a nodakenetin. Marmesin is a natural product found in Coronilla scorpioides, Clausena dunniana, and other organisms with data available. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.

23513-08-8

C19H30O4 (322.2144)

8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2]. 8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2].

90-18-6

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

1330-91-2

C24H38O4 (390.277)

c0264

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1]. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1].

rishitin

C14H22O2 (222.162)

alleoside a

C29H42O9 (534.2829)

A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a digitoxosyl group attached at position 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D004071 - Digitalis Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins

CHEBI:2197

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Veratral

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Orcin

C7H8O2 (124.0524)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

Gramin

C11H14N2 (174.1157)

Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].

Marmesine

C14H14O4 (246.0892)

Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2]. Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic[1][2].

Ostreasterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol), a natural marine sterol, stimulates cholesterol acyltransferase in human macrophages. 24-Methylenecholesterol possess anti-aging effects in yeast. 24-methylenecholesterol enhances honey bee longevity and improves nurse bee physiology[1][2][3].

Phytodolor

C11H10O5 (222.0528)

Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Nonox A

C16H13N (219.1048)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

593-39-5

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

skrofulein

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Capillin

C12H8O (168.0575)

EU-0100782

C18H29NO3 (307.2147)

Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].

Bolfo

C11H15NO3 (209.1052)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Yakuchinone A

C20H24O3 (312.1725)

Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

cyclohexenone

C6H8O (96.0575)

Salicylal

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

143-25-9

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

Tulipane

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2].

Linoleoyl-CoA

C39H66N7O17P3S (1029.3449)

An octadecadienoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of linoleic acid. Linoleoyl-CoA is the acyl-CoA of linoleic acid found in the human body. It binds to and results in decreased activity of Glutathione S-transferase1. It has been proposed that inhibition of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator by long chain acyl-CoA underlies the mechanism associating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the prevention of human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Their oxidation in vivo by acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) catalyze the first step of each cycle of mitochondrial fatty acid {beta}-oxidation; ACAD-9 had maximal activity with long-chain unsaturated acyl-CoAs as substrates. (PMID: 17184976, 16020546) [HMDB]

Benzonitrile

C7H5N (103.0422)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

H-Dab.HBr

C4H10N2O2 (118.0742)

A 2,4-diaminobutyric acid that has S-configuration. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, also known as L-2,4-diaminobutanoate or alpha,gamma-diaminobutyrate, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2,4-diaminobutyric acid can be synthesized from butyric acid. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, (2S)-2-acetamido-4-aminobutanoic acid, and L-alpha-amino-gamma-oxalylaminobutyric acid. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, chia, atlantic herring, and chayote, which makes 2,4-diaminobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid can be found primarily in blood and urine. Moreover, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid is found to be associated with alzheimers disease. L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.

Devazepide

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

N-[(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)urea

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

L-365260 is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance[1][2][3].

Protodioscin

C51H84O22 (1048.5454)

Protodioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative, a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic hemiketal. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Protodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Borassus flabellifer, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties.

Nomilin

C28H34O9 (514.2203)

Nomilin is a limonoid. 1-(Acetyloxy)-1,2-dihydroobacunoic acid e-lactone is a natural product found in Citrus latipes, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2]. Nomilin is a limonoid compound obtained from the extracts of citrus fruits. Nomilin is an anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic agent [1][2].

8-GINGEROL

C19H30O4 (322.2144)

(8)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (8)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). 8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2]. 8-Gingerol, found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) with oral bioavailability, activates TRPV1, with an EC50 of 5.0 μM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2, and inhibits the growth of H. pylori in vitro[1][2].

Gingerol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

(10)-Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone, a member of phenols and a monomethoxybenzene. (10)-Gingerol is a natural product found in Zingiber officinale with data available. See also: Ginger (part of). 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2]. 10-Gingerol is a major pungent constituent in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM[1][2].

Petroselinic_acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Petroselinic acid is the cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a petroselinate. Petroselinic acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, and other organisms with data available. The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

Yakuchinone A

C20H24O3 (312.1725)

1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone is a ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 7. Isolated from in Alpinia oxyphylla, it exhibits antineoplastic and inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and NO synthase. It has a role as a metabolite, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a ketone. Yakuchinone-A is a natural product found in Alpinia oxyphylla with data available. A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 7. Isolated from in Alpinia oxyphylla, it exhibits antineoplastic and inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and NO synthase. Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Yakuchinone A is a natural product isolated from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, which can induce apoptosis and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Tulipalin_A

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

Alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone is a butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug and an anti-ulcer drug. alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactone is a natural product found in Tulipa agenensis, Tulipa humilis, and other organisms with data available. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) is a glycoside. Tulipalin A is a causative allergen that induces Allergic contact dermatitides[1]. Tulipalin A (α-Methylene butyrolactone) at low dose affects the functionality of immune cells, such as Jurkat T cells[2].

Neohesperidose

C12H22O10 (326.1213)

Alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose is a disaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose linked via a 1->2 glycosidic bond. It has a role as a metabolite. 2-O-alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available. A disaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose linked via a 1->2 glycosidic bond.

chloroacetic acid

C2H3ClO2 (93.9822)

p,p-DDD

C14H10Cl4 (317.9537)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

formamide

CH3NO (45.0215)

SALICYLALDEHYDE

C7H6O2 (122.0368)

A hydroxybenzaldehyde carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2.

p,p-DDE

C14H8Cl4 (315.938)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

1-Propanethiol

C3H8S (76.0347)

Testosterone Enanthate

C26H40O3 (400.2977)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

CHLOROPROCAINE

C13H19ClN2O2 (270.1135)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BA - Esters of aminobenzoic acid D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Ethchlorvynol

C7H9ClO (144.0342)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

econazole

C18H15Cl3N2O (380.025)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AF - Imidazole derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058888 - 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent

NEOSTIGMINE

C12H19N2O2+ (223.1446)

S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Thiophanate

C14H18N4O4S2 (370.0769)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

CARBONYL SULFIDE

COS (59.967)

hydroxypyruvic acid

C3H4O4 (104.011)

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism. Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

1,2,4-BENZENETRIOL

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1]. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone), a by-product of coffee bean roasting, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymic lymphocytes[1].

Isopropamide

C23H33N2O+ (353.2593)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent

α-Methyltryptamine

C11H14N2 (174.1157)

Propiolic acid

C3H2O2 (70.0055)

4-Nitroanisole

C7H7NO3 (153.0426)

Mometasone

C22H28Cl2O4 (426.1365)

D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Oxotremorine

C12H18N2O (206.1419)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists

Propynal

C3H2O (54.0106)

Triamcinolone hexacetonide

C30H41FO7 (532.2836)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

ipratropium

C20H30NO3+ (332.2226)

D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

11beta-Hydroxyandrostenedione

C19H26O3 (302.1882)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor. As 4-androstenedione increases, measuring plasma 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione can distinguish the adrenal or ovarian origin of hyperandrogenism[1][2].

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

6-Oxoprostaglandin e1

C20H32O6 (368.2199)

A prostaglandin E that is prostaglandin E1 bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

DL-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.

7,8-Dihydroneopterin

C9H13N5O4 (255.0967)

A neopterin where positions C-7 and C-8 have been hydrogenated. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin, an inflammation marker, induces cellular apoptosis in astrocytes and neurons via enhancement of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases[1].

1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

The product resulting from formal oxidation of DL-proline by loss of hydrogen from the nitrogen and from the carbon alpha to the carboxylic acid, with the formation of a C=N bond.

BURIMAMIDE

C9H16N4S (212.1096)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Lubimin

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

A vetispirane sesquiterpenoid that consists of (2R,5S,6S,8S,10R)-8-hydroxy-10-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)spiro[4.5]decane bearing a formyl substituent at position 6.

jasplakinolide

C36H45BrN4O6 (708.2522)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals

Arachidonyl-CoA

C41H66N7O17P3S (1053.3449)

Tautomycin from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus

C41H66O13 (766.4503)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

5-Methyl-2-deoxycytidine

C10H15N3O4 (241.1063)

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2]. 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

imetit

C6H10N4S (170.0626)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists

Dopaminoquinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

A member of the class of 1,2-benzoquinones that is 1,2-benzoquinone in which a hydrogen at para to one of the oxo groups has been replaced by a 2-aminoethyl group.

N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine

C12H23N2O9PS (402.0862)

The N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl] derivative of L-cysteine.

N-Methyl-L-histidine

C7H11N3O2 (169.0851)

Cholesten

C27H48 (372.3756)

O(6)-Methyl-2-deoxyguanosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

CID 5281302

C27H22O12 (538.1111)

Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1]. Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo[1].

1-(sn-Glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol

C9H19O11P (334.0665)

A myo-inositol monophosphate derivative that is 1D-myo-inositol substituted at position 1 by an sn-glycero-3-phospho group.

CID 443409

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl

C21H31ClN6O3 (450.2146)

dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Ticrynafen

C13H8Cl2O4S (329.952)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03C - High-ceiling diuretics > C03CC - Aryloxyacetic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49184 - Loop Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics Same as: D02386

Epothilone D

C27H41NO5S (491.2705)

An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

9(S)-HODE

C18H32O3 (296.2351)

A 9-HODE in which the 9-hydroxy group has S-stereochemistry.

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

N-Nitrosonornicotine

C9H11N3O (177.0902)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

N-PHENYL-1-NAPHTHYLAMINE

C16H13N (219.1048)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL

C3H6Cl2O (127.9796)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D003432 - Cross-Linking Reagents D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Vinclozoline

C12H9Cl2NO3 (284.9959)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000726 - Androgen Antagonists D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Levomethorphan

C18H25NO (271.1936)

A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the stereocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have R-configuration. It is a prodrug of levorphanol and a strong narcotic analgesic, and listed as a schedule II controlled substance. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

1,2-Diaminocyclohexane

C6H14N2 (114.1157)

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Pinocarveol

C10H16O (152.1201)

A pinane monoterpenoid that is a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by two methyl groups at position 6, a methylidene group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.

TRIPHENYLETHYLENE

C20H16 (256.1252)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists

5alpha-Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

SC-58125

C17H12F4N2O2S (384.0556)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

16(R)-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

A 16-HETE in which the chiral centre at position 16 has R-configuration.

2-aminoacridone

C13H10N2O (210.0793)