Biperiden (BioDeep_00000001909)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000408908

human metabolite blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


1-{bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl}-1-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol

化学式: C21H29NO (311.2249)
中文名称: 比哌立登, 联哌啶
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 37.61%

分子结构信息

SMILES: c1ccc(cc1)C(CCN1CCCCC1)(C1CC2C=CC1C2)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H29NO/c23-21(19-7-3-1-4-8-19,11-14-22-12-5-2-6-13-22)20-16-17-9-10-18(20)15-17/h1,3-4,7-10,17-18,20,23H,2,5-6,11-16H2

描述信息

A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. [PubChem]
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents
N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent
Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

同义名列表

23 个代谢物同义名

1-{bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl}-1-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol; 1-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-1-phenyl-3-piperidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol; alpha-Bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5-en-2-yl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; alpha-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; a-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-a-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; Α-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-α-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; alpha-5-Norbornen-2-yl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; Biperiden, 1S-(1 alpha,2 alpha(r*),4 alpha)-isomer; Biperiden, 1R-(1 alpha,2 alpha(r*),4 alpha)-isomer; Α-5-norbornen-2-yl-α-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; a-5-Norbornen-2-yl-a-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol; Hydrochloride, biperiden; Biperiden hydrochloride; Biperidenum; Biperidene; Biperideno; Biperidine; biperiden; Beperiden; Akineton; KL 373; Biperiden; Biperiden



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 10 ALB, BDNF, BICC1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, GUCY1A1, MALT1, NTRK2, REL, UBR4
Peripheral membrane protein 1 ACHE
Endosome membrane 1 NTRK2
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 5 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, DRD1, SLC27A5
Nucleus 6 ACHE, ALB, DRD1, MALT1, REL, UBR4
cytosol 7 ALB, GUCY1A1, HEATR5B, MALT1, NTRK2, REL, UBR4
dendrite 4 BDNF, DRD2, HTR1A, NTRK2
centrosome 2 ALB, UBR4
nucleoplasm 3 REL, SCNN1G, UBR4
Cell membrane 6 ACHE, DRD1, DRD2, HTR1A, NTRK2, SLC27A5
Cell projection, axon 1 NTRK2
Early endosome membrane 1 NTRK2
Multi-pass membrane protein 5 DRD1, DRD2, HTR1A, SCNN1G, SLC27A5
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 DRD2
Synapse 4 ACHE, DRD2, HTR1A, TAC1
cell surface 1 ACHE
glutamatergic synapse 3 DRD1, DRD2, GUCY1A1
Golgi apparatus 2 ACHE, ALB
Golgi membrane 1 DRD2
neuromuscular junction 1 ACHE
neuronal cell body 1 TAC1
presynaptic membrane 2 DRD1, DRD2
synaptic vesicle 1 BDNF
acrosomal vesicle 1 DRD2
endosome 1 UBR4
plasma membrane 9 ACHE, BCHE, DRD1, DRD2, HTR1A, NTRK2, SCNN1G, SLC27A5, UBR4
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 DRD2
terminal bouton 1 NTRK2
Membrane 8 ACHE, BDNF, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, HEATR5B, MALT1, NTRK2, UBR4
apical plasma membrane 1 SCNN1G
axon 4 BDNF, DRD2, NTRK2, TAC1
extracellular exosome 2 ALB, SCNN1G
endoplasmic reticulum 3 ALB, CYP2D6, SLC27A5
extracellular space 5 ACHE, ALB, BCHE, BDNF, TAC1
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 5 ACHE, BDNF, HEATR5B, MALT1, NTRK2
mitochondrion 1 CYP2D6
protein-containing complex 3 ALB, MALT1, SLC27A5
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 4 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, HEATR5B
Microsome membrane 3 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
postsynaptic density 1 NTRK2
Single-pass type I membrane protein 1 NTRK2
Secreted 4 ACHE, ALB, BCHE, BDNF
extracellular region 5 ACHE, ALB, BCHE, BDNF, TAC1
Single-pass membrane protein 1 CYP2D6
Extracellular side 1 ACHE
anchoring junction 1 ALB
ciliary membrane 2 DRD1, DRD2
external side of plasma membrane 1 SCNN1G
dendritic spine 3 DRD1, DRD2, NTRK2
perikaryon 1 DRD2
Early endosome 1 NTRK2
postsynaptic membrane 2 DRD1, DRD2
Apical cell membrane 1 SCNN1G
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 3 HEATR5B, MALT1, NTRK2
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 UBR4
GABA-ergic synapse 3 DRD1, DRD2, GUCY1A1
basement membrane 1 ACHE
Cell projection, dendritic spine 1 DRD1
lateral plasma membrane 1 DRD2
nuclear speck 1 HEATR5B
receptor complex 1 NTRK2
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
cilium 2 DRD1, DRD2
chromatin 1 REL
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 2 ALB, BCHE
non-motile cilium 2 DRD1, DRD2
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 1 ACHE
sperm flagellum 1 DRD2
fibrillar center 1 MALT1
sodium channel complex 1 SCNN1G
Cell projection, dendrite 3 DRD1, HTR1A, NTRK2
specific granule membrane 1 UBR4
tertiary granule membrane 1 UBR4
side of membrane 1 ACHE
basal plasma membrane 1 SLC27A5
clathrin-coated vesicle 1 HEATR5B
Microsome 1 SLC27A5
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 ALB, BCHE, BDNF
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
axon terminus 2 DRD2, NTRK2
Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle 1 HEATR5B
endocytic vesicle 2 DRD2, HEATR5B
nuclear envelope lumen 1 BCHE
synaptic cleft 1 ACHE
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane 1 UBR4
dopaminergic synapse 1 DRD2
Cell projection, cilium membrane 1 DRD1
guanylate cyclase complex, soluble 1 GUCY1A1
CBM complex 1 MALT1
polkadots 1 MALT1
G protein-coupled receptor complex 2 DRD1, DRD2
[Isoform H]: Cell membrane 1 ACHE
NF-kappaB complex 1 REL
[Neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form]: Secreted 1 BDNF
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB


文献列表

  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Yumi Hoshino, Masashi Yamazaki, Yusuke Mochizuki, Hideo Makishita, Kunihiro Yoshida. [A case suspected of dystonia with marked cerebellar atrophy with torsion dystonia of the neck and cerebellar ataxia that developed during pharmacologic schizophrenia treatment]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology. 2020 Aug; 60(8):520-526. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.60.cn-001395. [PMID: 32641633]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Duygu Kınay, Ahmet Zihni Soyata. Biperiden-Induced Delirium In A Five-Years Old Child. Current drug safety. 2019; 14(1):48-50. doi: 10.2174/1574886313666181029101830. [PMID: 30370855]
  • Hisahiro Yoshida, Minori Takahashi, Misuzu Honda, Hideaki Amayasu, Masazumi Ando. Co-administration of Magnesium Oxide Reduces the Serum Concentration of Hydrophobic Basic Drugs in Patients Treated with Antipsychotic Drugs. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2019; 42(6):1025-1029. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00733. [PMID: 31155577]
  • Takafumi Ota, Itaru Miura, Keiko Kanno-Nozaki, Hiroshi Hoshino, Sho Horikoshi, Haruo Fujimori, Tomoyuki Kanno, Hirobumi Mashiko, Hirooki Yabe. Effects of Shakuyaku-Kanzo-to on Extrapyramidal Symptoms During Antipsychotic Treatment: A Randomized, Open-Label Study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2015 Jun; 35(3):304-7. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000312. [PMID: 25839338]
  • Victoria Samanidou, Christos Stathatos, Samuel Njau, Leda Kovatsi. Disposable pipette extraction for the simultaneous determination of biperiden and three antipsychotic drugs in human urine by GC-nitrogen phosphorus detection. Bioanalysis. 2013 Jan; 5(1):21-9. doi: 10.4155/bio.12.292. [PMID: 23256469]
  • Takeshi Suzuki, Kazuo Mihara, Akifumi Nakamura, Goyo Nagai, Shoko Kagawa, Kenji Nemoto, Ikuya Ohta, Hajime Arakaki, Tsukasa Uno, Tsuyoshi Kondo. Effects of the CYP2D6*10 allele on the steady-state plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2011 Feb; 33(1):21-4. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3182031021. [PMID: 21157400]
  • M Soledad García, Joaquín A Ortuño, María Cuartero, Mustafa Salem Abuherba. Use of a new ziprasidone-selective electrode in mixed solvents and its application in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2011; 11(9):8813-25. doi: 10.3390/s110908813. [PMID: 22164107]
  • Ching-Hua Lin, Chao-Chan Kuo, Li-Shiu Chou, Yeng-Hung Chen, Cheng-Chung Chen, Kuo-Hao Huang, Hsien-Yuan Lane. A randomized, double-blind comparison of risperidone versus low-dose risperidone plus low-dose haloperidol in treating schizophrenia. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2010 Oct; 30(5):518-25. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181f28dff. [PMID: 20814315]
  • Juan J García, Nélida Fernández, Angela P Calle, M José Diez, Ana Sahagún, Matilde Sierra. Effects of Plantago ovata husk on levodopa (with Carbidopa) bioavailability in rabbits with autonomic gastrointestinal disorders. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009 Jul; 37(7):1434-42. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.026229. [PMID: 19389862]
  • E M Meisenzahl, G Schmitt, G Gründer, S Dresel, T Frodl, C la Fougère, J Scheuerecker, M Schwarz, R Boerner, J Stauss, K Hahn, H-J Möller. Striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy, clinical response and side effects with amisulpride: an iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPET study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2008 Sep; 41(5):169-75. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1076727. [PMID: 18763218]
  • R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954]
  • F A Brightman, D E Leahy, G E Searle, S Thomas. Application of a generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to the estimation of xenobiotic levels in human plasma. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2006 Jan; 34(1):94-101. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.004838. [PMID: 16221756]
  • Robert D Oades, Bernd Röpcke, Uwe Henning, Ansgard Klimke. Neuropsychological measures of attention and memory function in schizophrenia: relationships with symptom dimensions and serum monoamine activity. Behavioral and brain functions : BBF. 2005 Aug; 1(?):14. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-1-14. [PMID: 16091141]
  • David Rp Guay. Trospium chloride: an update on a quaternary anticholinergic for treatment of urge urinary incontinence. Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2005 Jun; 1(2):157-67. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.1.2.157.62912. [PMID: 18360555]
  • Cagatay Taskapan, Ibrahim Sahin, Hulya Taskapan, Burhanettin Kaya, Feridun Kosar. Possible malignant neuroleptic syndrome that associated with hypothyroidism. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2005 Jun; 29(5):745-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.04.004. [PMID: 15927337]
  • L C S L Morais, L J Quintans-Júnior, C I F Franco, J R G S Almeida, R N Almeida. Antiparkinsonian-like effects of Plumbago scandens on tremorine-induced tremors methodology. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 2004 Dec; 79(4):745-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.004. [PMID: 15582683]
  • Kamal A Hadidi. Development of a screening method for the most commonly abused anticholinergic drugs in Jordan; trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine and biperiden. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2004 Oct; 6(4):233-41. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2004.06.001. [PMID: 15363448]
  • I Ieiri, S Yamada, K Seto, T Morita, T Kaneda, K Mamiya, N Tashiro, S Higuchi, K Otsubo. A CYP2D6 phenotype-genotype mismatch in Japanese psychiatric patients. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep; 36(5):192-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-43049. [PMID: 14571354]
  • Hüseyin Caksen, Dursun Odabaş, Omer Anlar. Use of biperiden hydrochloride in a child with severe dyskinesia induced by phenytoin. Journal of child neurology. 2003 Jul; 18(7):494-6. doi: 10.1177/08830738030180070101. [PMID: 12940655]
  • B R Capacio, C E Byers, S T Caro, J H McDonough. Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered biperiden in guinea pigs challenged with soman. Drug and chemical toxicology. 2003 Feb; 26(1):1-13. doi: 10.1081/dct-120017553. [PMID: 12643036]
  • Jin Shimakura, Naoko Tani, Yoshiko Mizuno, Setsuko Komuro, Hiroshi Kanamaru. In vitro drug-drug interactions with perospirone and concomitantly administered drugs in human liver microsomes. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2003 Jan; 28(1):67-72. doi: 10.1007/bf03190869. [PMID: 14503667]
  • Carlo Dallocchio, Paolo Mazzarello. A case of Parkinsonism due to lithium intoxication: treatment with Pramipexole. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 2002 May; 9(3):310-1. doi: 10.1054/jocn.2001.1033. [PMID: 12093142]
  • K Yokogawa, J Ishizaki, S Ohkuma, K Miyamoto. Influence of lipophilicity and lysosomal accumulation on tissue distribution kinetics of basic drugs: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology. 2002 Mar; 24(2):81-93. doi: 10.1358/mf.2002.24.2.677131. [PMID: 12040887]
  • B R Capacio, S T Caro, J R Smith, C E Byers. The determination of biperiden in plasma using gas chromatography mass spectrometry: pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration to guinea pigs. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2002 Feb; 16(1):47-55. doi: 10.1002/bmc.113. [PMID: 11816011]
  • A Hoogendam, J Hofmeijer, C J M Frijns, M Heeringa, S L N M Schouten-Tjin a Tsoi, P A F Jansen. [Severe parkinsonism due to metoclopramide in a patient with polypharmacy]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. 2002 Jan; 146(4):175-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11845569]
  • Hiroyasu Oka, Yoichi Shirakawa, Kazuhiro Koyama, Soichi Maekawa, Masami Hirota, Osamu Nishizaki, Shinya Fukumoto, Genro Ochi. [A case of fluvoxamine overdose]. Chudoku kenkyu : Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi = The Japanese journal of toxicology. 2002 Jan; 15(1):53-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11977737]
  • Eiji Yukawa, Tsuyoshi Hokazono, Miho Yukawa, Ritsuko Ichimaru, Takako Maki, Kanemitsu Matsunaga, Shigehiro Ohdo, Motoaki Anai, Shun Higuchi, Yoshinobu Goto. Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002; 41(2):153-9. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241020-00006. [PMID: 11888334]
  • V Cápka, Y Xu. Simultaneous determination of enantiomers of structurally related anticholinergic analogs in human serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with on-line sample cleanup. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2001 Oct; 762(2):181-92. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00364-4. [PMID: 11678378]
  • S K Guthrie, L Manzey, D Scott, B Giordani, R Tandon. Comparison of central and peripheral pharmacologic effects of biperiden and trihexyphenidyl in human volunteers. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2000 Feb; 20(1):77-83. doi: 10.1097/00004714-200002000-00013. [PMID: 10653212]
  • S Isawa, M Murasaki, S Miura, M Yoshioka, M Uchiumi, Y Kumagai, S Aoki, H Hisazumi, S Kudo. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions among haloperidol, carteolol hydrochloride and biperiden hydrochloride. Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology. 1999 Jul; 19(3):111-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 10495985]
  • Y Sudo, T Suhara, K Suzuki, Y Okubo, K Yoshikawa, S Uchida, T Sassa, T Okauchi, Y Sasaki, M Matsushita. Muscarinic receptor occupancy by biperiden in living human brain. Life sciences. 1999; 64(8):PL99-104. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00613-4. [PMID: 10069534]
  • J Ishizaki, K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, S Ohkuma, F Ichimura. Influence of ammonium chloride on the tissue distribution of anticholinergic drugs in rats. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1998 Jul; 50(7):761-6. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb07137.x. [PMID: 9720625]
  • K A Bergström, C Halldin, J Hiltunen, C G Swahn, H Ito, N Ginovart, H Hall, D W McPherson, F F Knapp, S Larsson, P O Schnell, L Farde. Evaluation and metabolite studies of 125I- and 123I-labelled E-(R,R)-IQNP: potential radioligands for visualization of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in brain. Nuclear medicine and biology. 1998 Apr; 25(3):209-14. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00198-4. [PMID: 9620625]
  • J Müller, F Landgraf, W Trabert. [Schizophrenia-like symptoms in the Westphal-Strümpell variation of Wilson disease]. Der Nervenarzt. 1998 Mar; 69(3):264-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9565982]
  • J Ishizaki, K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, T Takayasu, T Ohshima, F Ichimura. Effect of sequence of administration on the pharmacokinetic interaction between the anticholinergic drug biperiden and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate or [3H]N-methylscopolamine in rats. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1998 Feb; 50(2):189-96. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06175.x. [PMID: 9530987]
  • J Ishizaki, K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, S Ohkuma, F Ichimura. Characteristic subcellular distribution, in brain, heart and lung, of biperiden, trihexyphenidyl, and (-)-quinuclidinyl benzylate in rats. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 1998 Jan; 21(1):67-71. doi: 10.1248/bpb.21.67. [PMID: 9477171]
  • K Otani, M Ishida, N Yasui, T Kondo, K Mihara, A Suzuki, S Kaneko, Y Inoue, M Shibata, K Ikeda. No effect of the anticholinergic drugs trihexyphenidyl and biperiden on the plasma concentrations of bromperidol and its reduced metabolite. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 1997 Apr; 19(2):165-8. doi: 10.1097/00007691-199704000-00008. [PMID: 9108644]
  • J Kassa. Importance of cholinolytic drug selection for the efficacy of HI-6 against soman in rats. Toxicology. 1997 Jan; 116(1-3):147-52. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03537-8. [PMID: 9020515]
  • K Meszaros, E Lenzinger, K Hornik, G Schönbeck, R Hatzinger, G Langer, W Sieghart, H N Aschauer. Biperiden and haloperidol plasma levels and extrapyramidal side effects in schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology. 1997; 36(2):69-72. doi: 10.1159/000119365. [PMID: 9267855]
  • F Unal, S Hizli, H Ozyürek, B Sonuvar. Fever and altered consciousness are not always equal to central nervous system infection: neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a 15-year-old girl. The Turkish journal of pediatrics. 1996 Oct; 38(4):505-10. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8993181]
  • O Arango, O Bielsa, S Grau, A Gelabert-Mas. Reversible azoospermia in a patient treated with triazolam. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1996 Sep; 1(3):293-4. doi: 10.3109/13625189609150672. [PMID: 9678129]
  • S Ulrich, F P Meyer, B Bogerts. A capillary gas-liquid chromatographic method for the assay of the neuroleptic drug zotepine in human serum or plasma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 1996 Feb; 14(4):441-9. doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01637-6. [PMID: 8729643]
  • J Fritze, M Lanczik, E Sofic, M Struck, P Riederer. Cholinergic neurotransmission seems not to be involved in depression but possibly in personality. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. 1995 Jan; 20(1):39-48. doi: . [PMID: 7865500]
  • B H Ahlner, E Hagelqvist, M G Lind. Influence on rabbit submandibular gland injury by stimulation or inhibition of gland function during irradiation. Histology and morphometry after 15 gray. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1994 Feb; 103(2):125-34. doi: 10.1177/000348949410300208. [PMID: 8311388]
  • E Nakashima, J Ishizaki, M Takeda, R Matsushita, K Yokogawa, F Ichimura. Pharmacokinetics of anticholinergic drugs and brain muscarinic receptor alterations in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 1993 Nov; 14(8):673-84. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2510140804. [PMID: 8305628]
  • W Yisak, L Farde, C von Bahr, L B Nilsson, G Fredriksson, S Ogenstad. Interaction study between remoxipride and biperiden. Psychopharmacology. 1993; 111(1):27-32. doi: 10.1007/bf02257403. [PMID: 7870930]
  • K Otani, T Hirano, T Kondo, S Kaneko, Y Fukushima, K Noda, Y Tashiro. Biperiden and piroheptine do not affect the serum level of zotepine, a new antipsychotic drug. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 1990 Jul; 157(?):128-30. doi: 10.1192/bjp.157.1.128. [PMID: 1975759]
  • J M Rabey, Z Oberman, M Scharf, M Isakov, M Bar, E Graff. Bromocriptine blood levels after the concomitant administration of levodopa, amantadine and biperiden in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. 1990 May; 81(5):411-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb00986.x. [PMID: 2375243]
  • K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, F Ichimura. Effect of fat tissue volume on the distribution kinetics of biperiden as a function of age in rats. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1990 Mar; 18(2):258-63. doi: NULL. [PMID: 1971583]
  • W Yisak, C von Bahr, L Farde, M Grind, M Mattila, S Ogenstad. Drug interaction studies with remoxipride. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1990; 358(?):58-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05290.x. [PMID: 1978492]
  • L Stoll, P Fleckenstein, D Riemann, W E Müller. A simple but highly sensitive radioreceptor assay for the determination of scopolamine and biperiden in human plasma. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology. 1989 Apr; 64(1):59-68. doi: NULL. [PMID: 2749003]
  • E Martignoni, F Facchinetti, G Sances, F Petraglia, G Nappi, A R Genazzani. Acetyl-L-carnitine acutely administered raises beta-endorphin and cortisol plasma levels in humans. Clinical neuropharmacology. 1988 Oct; 11(5):472-7. doi: 10.1097/00002826-198810000-00009. [PMID: 2975529]
  • W Hewer, S Biedert. [Delirium syndrome in biperiden poisoning]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie. 1988 Apr; 56(4):133-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1001778. [PMID: 3384382]
  • M Hollmann, H Müller-Peltzer, G Greger, E Brode, E Perucca, R Grimaldi, A Crema. Pharmacokinetic-dynamic study on different oral biperiden formulations in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1987 Mar; 20(2):72-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1017079. [PMID: 3588663]
  • E Nakashima, K Yokogawa, F Ichimura, T Hashimoto, T Yamana, A Tsuji. Effects of fasting on biperiden pharmacokinetics in the rat. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 1987 Jan; 76(1):10-3. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600760104. [PMID: 3585715]
  • K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, F Ichimura, T Yamana. Fundamental pharmacokinetic properties of biperiden: tissue distribution and elimination in rabbits. Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics. 1986 Apr; 9(4):409-16. doi: 10.1248/bpb1978.9.409. [PMID: 3735062]
  • R Grimaldi, E Perucca, G Ruberto, C Gelmi, F Trimarchi, M Hollmann, A Crema. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies following the intravenous and oral administration of the antiparkinsonian drug biperiden to normal subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1986; 29(6):735-7. doi: 10.1007/bf00615970. [PMID: 3709619]
  • K Yokogawa, E Nakashima, F Ichimura, T Yamana. Simultaneous microdetermination of biperiden, haloperidol, and trihexyphenidyl in plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic analysis after concomitant intravenous administration of the drugs to rabbits. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 1985 Oct; 33(10):4581-6. doi: 10.1248/cpb.33.4581. [PMID: 4092273]
  • T Le Bris, E Brode. Capillary gas chromatographic determination of biperiden in human plasma. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1985; 35(1):149-51. doi: NULL. [PMID: 4039144]
  • M Kuniyoshi, K Inanaga. Haloperidol and biperiden plasma levels in a pregnant atypical psychotic woman and a neonate--a case report. The Kurume medical journal. 1985; 32(3):199-202. doi: 10.2739/kurumemedj.32.199. [PMID: 3835398]
  • Y Fujii, M Tateyama, M Kamisada, A Tanoue, M Takamiya, S Nakajima, H Itoh. Clinical efficacy, extrapyramidal symptoms and serum levels: influence of administration schedules and concomitant drugs on serum bromperidol concentrations. Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica. 1984; 38(2):121-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00360.x. [PMID: 6152433]
  • M Hollmann, E Brode, G Greger, H Müller-Peltzer, N Wetzelsberger. Biperiden effects and plasma levels in volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1984; 27(5):619-21. doi: 10.1007/bf00556903. [PMID: 6519170]
  • P Ottoila, J Taskinen. Determination of biperiden in human serum by glass capillary gas chromatography with isothermal splitless injection and nitrogen-sensitive detection. Journal of chromatography. 1981 Dec; 226(2):488-91. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)86086-7. [PMID: 7320179]
  • L B Hansen, J Elley, T R Christensen, N E Larsen, J Naestoft, E F Hvidberg. Plasma levels of perphenazine and its major metabolites during simultaneous treatment with anticholinergic drugs. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1979 Jan; 7(1):75-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00900.x. [PMID: 760745]
  • C Kirkegaard, N Bjørum, D Cohn, U B Lauridsen. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test in manic-depressive illness. Archives of general psychiatry. 1978 Aug; 35(8):1017-21. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770320111011. [PMID: 98129]
  • H Lindholm, B Gullberg, A Ohman, G Sedvall. Effects of perphenazine enanthate injections on prolactin levels in plasma from schizophrenic women and men. Psychopharmacology. 1978 Apr; 57(1):1-4. doi: 10.1007/bf00426949. [PMID: 96459]
  • R B Nelson, D S North, M Kaneriya, C V Fletcher. The influence of biperiden, benztropine, physostigmine and diazepam on the convulsive effects of Cicuta douglasii. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society. 1978; 21(?):137-9. doi: . [PMID: 693490]
  • C Porras, J J Barboza, E Fuenzalida, H L Adaros, A M Oviedo, J Furst. Recovery from rabies in man. Annals of internal medicine. 1976 Jul; 85(1):44-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-44. [PMID: 180860]
  • P Masturzo, A Carolei, R Gianrossi, A Gallamini, M C Nizzo, T Barreca. [Effect of an anticholinergic drug, biperiden, on serum prolactin levels in humans]. Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale. 1976 Jun; 52(11):819-23. doi: . [PMID: 1016635]
  • J A Yaryura-Tobias, T Fledel, F Neziroglu. Vitamins, neuroleptics, and antiparkinsonian drugs in catecholamine excretion. Biological psychiatry. 1976 Jun; 11(3):363-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 938701]
  • J U Postma, W Van Tilburg. Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1975 May; 23(5):212-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00187.x. [PMID: 123540]