Subcellular Location: Cell junction, focal adhesion

Quercitrin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Quercitrin, also known as quercimelin or quercitronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Quercitrin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Quercitrin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as lingonberries, american cranberries, and olives and in a lower concentration in common beans, tea, and welsh onions. Quercitrin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as guava, bilberries, common pea, apricots, and spearmints. Quercitrin is a quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antileishmanial agent, an EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative, a tetrahydroxyflavone, an alpha-L-rhamnoside and a quercetin O-glycoside. It is a conjugate acid of a quercitrin-7-olate. Quercitrin is a natural product found in Xylopia emarginata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available. Quercitrin is a glycoside formed from the flavonoid quercetin and the deoxy sugar rhamnose. It is a constituent of the dye quercitron. Quercitrin is found in many foods, some of which are garden tomato (variety), kiwi, italian sweet red pepper, and guava. A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA03_Quercitrin_pos_40eV.txt Quercitrin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=522-12-3 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 522-12-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2]. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research[1][2].

Bufotalin

C26H36O6 (444.2512)

Bufotalin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Bufotalin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Duttaphrynus melanostictus Bufotalin is a cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid, cardiac glycoside analogue, secreted by a number of toad species.[2][3] Bufotalin can be extracted from the skin parotoid glands of several types of toad. Rhinella marina (Cane toad), Rhaebo guttatus (Smooth-sided toad), Bufo melanostictus (Asian toad), and Bufo bufo (common European toad) are sources of bufotalin. Traditional medicine Bufotalin is part of Ch'an Su, a traditional Chinese medicine used for cancer. It is also known as Venenum Bufonis or senso (Japanese).[5] Toxicity Specifically, in cats the lethal median dose is 0.13 mg/kg.[1] and in dogs is 0.36 mg/kg (intravenous).[6] Knowing this it is advisable to monitor those functions continuously using an EKG. As there is no antidote against bufotalin all occurring symptoms need to be treated separately or if possible in combination with others. To increase the clearance theoretically, due to the similarities with digitoxin, cholestyramine, a bile salt, might help.[6] Recent animal studies have shown that taurine restores cardiac functions.[7] Symptomatic measures include lignocaine, atropine and phenytoin for cardiac toxicity and intravenous potassium compounds to correct hyperkalaemia from its effect on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.[6] Pharmacology and mechanism of action After a single intravenous injection, bufotalin gets quickly distributed and eliminated from the blood plasma with a half-time of 28.6 minutes and a MRT of 14.7 min. After 30 minutes after an administration of bufotalin, the concentrations within the brain and lungs are significantly higher than those in blood and other tissues.[8] It also increases cancer cell's susceptibility to apoptosis via TNF-α signalling by the BH3 interacting domain death agonist and STAT proteins.[9] Bufotalin induces apoptosis in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells and might involve caspases and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF).[10] The use of bufotalin as a cancer treating compound is still in the experimental phase. It also arrests cell cycle at G(2)/M, by up- and down- regulation of several enzymes. Bufotalin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=471-95-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 471-95-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation[1][2]. Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation[1][2].

Isoalantolactone

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antifungal agent and a plant metabolite. It is a sesquiterpene lactone and a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid. Isoalantolactone is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Critonia quadrangularis, and other organisms with data available. Isoalantolactone is found in herbs and spices. Isoalantolactone is a constituent of the essential oil of Inula helenium (elecampane) Constituent of the essential oil of Inula helenium (elecampane). Isoalantolactone is found in herbs and spices. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.

Loganic_acid

C16H24O10 (376.1369)

Loganic acid is a cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cyclopentapyran, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a glucoside. It is a conjugate acid of a loganate. Loganic acid is a natural product found in Strychnos axillaris, Strychnos cocculoides, and other organisms with data available. A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively KEIO_ID L043 Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2].

Hirsutine

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

Annotation level-1 Hirsutine is a natural product found in Uncaria tomentosa, Mitragyna hirsuta, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cats Claw (part of).

Genipin

C23H34O15 (550.1898)

Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside is a terpene glycoside. Genipin 1-gentiobioside is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides and Genipa americana with data available. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

Jujuboside B

C52H84O21 (1044.5505)

Jujuboside B is a triterpenoid. Jujuboside B is a natural product found in Ziziphus spina-christi, Ziziphus jujuba, and Hovenia dulcis with data available. Jujuboside B1 is found in fruits. Jujuboside B1 is isolated from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (Chinese date). Isolated from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (Chinese date). Jujuboside B1 is found in fruits. Jujuboside B is one of the major bioactive constituents isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Jujuboside B can inhibit platelet aggregation[1]. Jujuboside B is one of the major bioactive constituents isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Jujuboside B can inhibit platelet aggregation[1].

Taurine

C2H7NO3S (125.0147)

Essential nutrient obtained from diet and by in vivo synthysis from methionine and cysteine. Present in meats, fish, legumes, human milk, molluscs and other foods. Dietary supplement, e.g. in Red Bull drink. Taurine is a sulfur amino acid like methionine, cystine, cysteine and homocysteine. It is a lesser-known amino acid because it is not incorporated into the structural building blocks of protein. Yet taurine is an essential amino acid in pre-term and newborn infants of humans and many other species. Adults can synthesize their own taurine, yet are probably dependent in part on dietary taurine. Taurine is abundant in the brain, heart, breast, gallbladder and kidney and has important roles in health and disease in these organs. Taurine has many diverse biological functions serving as a neurotransmitter in the brain, a stabilizer of cell membranes and a facilitator in the transport of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Taurine is highly concentrated in animal and fish protein, which are good sources of dietary taurine. It can be synthesized by the body from cysteine when vitamin B6 is present. Deficiency of taurine occurs in premature infants and neonates fed formula milk, and in various disease states. Inborn errors of taurine metabolism have been described. OMIM 168605, an unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion through 3 generations of a family. Symptoms began late in the fifth decade in 6 affected persons and death occurred after 4 to 6 years. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. Sleep disturbances, exhaustion and marked weight loss were features. Parkinsonism developed later, and respiratory failure occurred terminally. OMIM 145350 describes congestive cardiomyopathy and markedly elevated urinary taurine levels (about 5 times normal). Other family members had late or holosystolic mitral valve prolapse and elevated urinary taurine values (about 2.5 times normal). In 2 with mitral valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy eventually developed while the amounts of urinary taurine doubled. Taurine, after GABA, is the second most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its inhibitory effect is one source of taurines anticonvulsant and antianxiety properties. It also lowers glutamic acid in the brain, and preliminary clinical trials suggest taurine may be useful in some forms of epilepsy. Taurine in the brain is usually associated with zinc or manganese. The amino acids alanine and glutamic acid, as well as pantothenic acid, inhibit taurine metabolism while vitamins A and B6, zinc and manganese help build taurine. Cysteine and B6 are the nutrients most directly involved in taurine synthesis. Taurine levels have been found to decrease significantly in many depressed patients. One reason that the findings are not entirely clear is because taurine is often elevated in the blood of epileptics who need it. It is often difficult to distinguish compensatory changes in human biochemistry from true metabolic or deficiency disease. Low levels of taurine are found in retinitis pigmentosa. Taurine deficiency in experimental animals produces degeneration of light-sensitive cells. Therapeutic applications of taurine to eye disease are likely to be forthcoming. Taurine has many important metabolic roles. Supplements can stimulate prolactin and insulin release. The parathyroid gland makes a peptide hormone called glutataurine (glutamic acid-taurine), which further demonstrates taurines role in endocrinology. Taurine increases bilirubin and cholesterol excretion in bile, critical to normal gallbladder function. It seems to inhibit the effect of morphine and potentiates the effects of opiate antagonists. Low plasma taurine levels have been found in a variety of conditions, i.e., depression, hypertension, hypothyroidism, gout, institutionalized patients, infertility, obesity, kidney fa... Taurine is a sulfur amino acid like methionine, cystine, cysteine, and homocysteine. It is a lesser-known amino acid because it is not incorporated into the structural building blocks of protein. Yet taurine is an essential amino acid in pre-term and newborn infants of humans and many other species. Adults can synthesize their own taurine, yet are probably dependent, in part, on dietary taurine. Taurine is abundant in the brain, heart, breast, gallbladder, and kidney and has important roles in health and disease in these organs. Taurine has many diverse biological functions including serving as a neurotransmitter in the brain, a stabilizer of cell membranes, and a facilitator in the transport of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Taurine is highly concentrated in animal and fish protein, which are good sources of dietary taurine. It can be synthesized by the body from cysteine when vitamin B6 is present. Deficiency of taurine occurs in premature infants, neonates fed formula milk, and various disease states. Several inborn errors of taurine metabolism have been described. Perry syndrome is an unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion through three generations of a family. Symptoms began late in the fifth decade in 6 affected persons and death occurred after 4 to 6 years. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression that was not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. Sleep disturbances, exhaustion, and marked weight loss were features. Parkinsonism developed later, and respiratory failure occurred terminally (OMIM: 168605). Hypertaurinuric cardiomyopathy describes congestive cardiomyopathy and markedly elevated urinary taurine levels (about 5 times normal). Other family members had late or holosystolic mitral valve prolapse and elevated urinary taurine values (about 2.5 times normal). In two with mitral valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy eventually developed while the amounts of urinary taurine doubled (OMIM: 145350). Taurine, after GABA, is the second most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its inhibitory effect is one source of taurines anticonvulsant and antianxiety properties. It also lowers glutamic acid in the brain, and preliminary clinical trials suggest taurine may be useful in some forms of epilepsy. Taurine in the brain is usually associated with zinc or manganese. The amino acids alanine and glutamic acid, as well as pantothenic acid, inhibit taurine metabolism while vitamins A and B6, zinc, and manganese help build taurine. Cysteine and B6 are the nutrients most directly involved in taurine synthesis. Taurine levels have been found to decrease significantly in many depressed patients. One reason that the findings are not entirely clear is that taurine is often elevated in the blood of epileptics who need it. It is often difficult to distinguish compensatory changes in human biochemistry from true metabolic or deficiency disease. Low levels of taurine are found in retinitis pigmentosa. Taurine deficiency in experimental animals produces degeneration of light-sensitive cells. Therapeutic applications of taurine to eye disease are likely to be forthcoming. Taurine has many important metabolic roles. Supplements can stimulate prolactin and insulin release. The parathyroid gland makes a peptide hormone called glutataurine (glutamic acid-taurine), which further demonstrates taurines role in endocrinology. Taurine increases bilirubin and cholesterol excretion in bile, critical to normal gallbladder function. It seems to inhibit the effect of morphine and potentiates the effects of opiate antagonists. Low plasma taurine levels have been found in a variety of conditions, i.e. depression, hypertension, hypothyroidism, gout, institutionalized patients, infertility, obesity, kidney failure, and others (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/). Moreover, taurine is found to be associated with maple syrup uri... Large white crystals or white powder. Taurine is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. It has a role as a human metabolite, an antioxidant, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a glycine receptor agonist, a nutrient and a radical scavenger. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-aminoethanesulfonate. It is a tautomer of a taurine zwitterion. Taurine, whose chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is one of the most abundant amino acids in several organs. It plays important role in essential biological processes. This conditional amino acid can be either be manufactured by the body or obtained in the diet mainly by the consumption of fish and meat. The supplements containing taurine were FDA approved by 1984 and they are hypertonic injections composed by cristalline amino acids. Taurine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids. See also: ... View More ... An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. [Spectral] Taurine (exact mass = 125.01466) and L-Threonine (exact mass = 119.05824) and 4-Hydroxy-L-proline (exact mass = 131.05824) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Taurine (exact mass = 125.01466) and L-Glutamate (exact mass = 147.05316) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Taurine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-35-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 107-35-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3]. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3].

Eriocitrin

C27H32O15 (596.1741)

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a trihydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid glycoside that can be found in plants like Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Thymus vulgaris. It shows important antioxidant activities. Isolated from Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaves and from Citrus subspecies Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1]. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1].

Cimitin

C16H18O6 (306.1103)

Cimifugin is an oxacycle and an organic heterotricyclic compound. Cimifugin is a natural product found in Eranthis cilicica, Ostericum grosseserratum, and other organisms with data available. Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions[1]. Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS[2]. Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions[1]. Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS[2].

Xanthotoxol

C11H6O4 (202.0266)

Isolated from Aegle marmelos (bael fruit), Angelica archangelica (angelica) and the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip). Xanthotoxol is found in many foods, some of which are fats and oils, green vegetables, herbs and spices, and fig. Xanthotoxol is found in fats and oils. Xanthotoxol is isolated from Aegle marmelos (bael fruit), Angelica archangelica (angelica) and the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip Xanthotoxol is an 8-hydroxyfurocoumarin. Xanthotoxol is a natural product found in Citrus canaliculata, Prangos tschimganica, and other organisms with data available. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) is a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects. Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) It is a kind of fragrant bean substance, and it is a CYP450 inhibitor. Xanthotoxol has anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and 5-HT antagonistic and protective effects. Xanthotoxol inhibited CYP3A4 sum CYP1A2 IC50s separation 7.43 μM sum 27.82 μM. Xanthotoxol can pass through MAPK and NF-κB, inhibiting inflammation[1][2][3][4]. Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) is a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects.

Isocolumbin

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

Isocolumbin is found in fruits. Isocolumbin is isolated from Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (serendipity berry). Isolated from Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (serendipity berry). Isocolumbin is found in fruits. Columbin is a natural product found in Tinospora capillipes and Cleidion with data available. Columbin is an organic heterotricyclic compound and an organooxygen compound. (2S,4AR,6aR,7R,10R,10aS,10bS)-2-(furan-3-yl)-7-hydroxy-6a,10b-dimethyl-4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,10b-octahydro-1H-10,7-(epoxymethano)benzo[f]isochromene-4,12(2H)-dione is a natural product found in Vateria indica, Penianthus zenkeri, and other organisms with data available. Columbin is an orally active diterpenoid furanolactone from Calumbae radix, has anti-inflammatory and anti-trypanosomal effects. Columbin selectively inhibits COX-2 (EC50=53.1 μM) over COX-1 (EC50=327 μM)[1][2]. Columbin is an orally active diterpenoid furanolactone from Calumbae radix, has anti-inflammatory and anti-trypanosomal effects. Columbin selectively inhibits COX-2 (EC50=53.1 μM) over COX-1 (EC50=327 μM)[1][2].

Eleutheroside

C34H46O18 (742.2684)

Eleutheroside E is a lignan and a glycoside. Eleutheroside E is a natural product found in Eleutherococcus senticosus with data available. Eleutheroside E is an important component of Acanthopanax, which has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on ischemic heart. Eleutheroside E is an important component of Acanthopanax, which has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on ischemic heart.

Hocogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Hecogenin is a triterpenoid. Hecogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Allium rotundum, and other organisms with data available.

Mitraphylline

C21H24N2O4 (368.1736)

Mitraphylline is a member of indolizines. Mitraphylline is a natural product found in Uncaria tomentosa, Mitragyna parvifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cats Claw (part of); Mitragyna speciosa leaf (part of). Annotation level-1 Mitraphylline is the major pentacyclic oxindolic alkaloid presented in Uncaria tomentosa. Mitraphylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils[1]. Mitraphylline is the major pentacyclic oxindolic alkaloid presented in Uncaria tomentosa. Mitraphylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils[1].

Telobufotoxin

C24H34O5 (402.2406)

Telocinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Telocinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Bufo bufo, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis. Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis.

galbelgin

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

Galgravin is a member of the class of aryltetrahydrofurans carrying two 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as two methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a neuroprotective agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is an aryltetrahydrofuran, a dimethoxybenzene, a ring assembly and a lignan. Galgravin is a natural product found in Schisandra propinqua, Piper mullesua, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of aryltetrahydrofurans carrying two 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as two methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. Veraguensin is a lignan. It has a role as a metabolite. Veraguensin is a natural product found in Ocotea foetens, Illicium floridanum, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Acorus gramineus. Veraguensin is a lignan compound derived from Magnolia sp.. Veraguensin can inhibit bone resorption[1] Veraguensin is a lignan compound derived from Magnolia sp.. Veraguensin can inhibit bone resorption[1]

Araloside A

C47H74O18 (926.4875)

Chikusetsusaponin-IV is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite. Araloside A is a natural product found in Kalopanax septemlobus, Bassia muricata, and other organisms with data available. Araloside A is found in green vegetables. Araloside A is from Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree From Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree). Araloside A is found in green vegetables. Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) is a component of Panax japonicus, with low-renin-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 77.4 μM[1]. Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) is a component of Panax japonicus, with low-renin-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 77.4 μM[1].

Worenin

C20H16NO4+ (334.1079)

Worenine is an alkaloid.

Vomicin

C22H24N2O4 (380.1736)

Vomicine is a member of carbazoles. Vomicine is a natural product found in Strychnos icaja, Strychnos wallichiana, and Strychnos nux-vomica with data available. Vomicine, an alkaloid, shows antidiabetic activity[1]. Vomicine, an alkaloid, shows antidiabetic activity[1].

tigogenin

C27H44O3 (416.329)

Tigogenin is a widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs. It has a role as a gout suppressant and a plant metabolite. Tigogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline australis, Yucca gloriosa, and other organisms with data available. A widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs. Tigogenin, also known as sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5alpha,25s)-isomer or smilagenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, tigogenin is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Tigogenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tigogenin can be found in fenugreek, which makes tigogenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Tigogenin, one of steroidal sapogenins, is widely used for synthesizing steroid agents. Tigogenin inhibits adipocytic differentiation and induces osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells[1]. Tigogenin, one of steroidal sapogenins, is widely used for synthesizing steroid agents. Tigogenin inhibits adipocytic differentiation and induces osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells[1].

Shionon

C30H50O (426.3861)

Shionone is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is perhydrochrysene which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 4bbeta, 6aalpha, 8beta, 10abeta and 12a positions, by a 4-methylpent-3-enyl group at the 8alpha position, and with an oxo group at position 2. It is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Shionone is a natural product found in Aster baccharoides, Aster poliothamnus, and other organisms with data available. Shionone is the major triterpenoid isolated from Aster tataricus, has anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Shionone possesses a unique six-membered tetracyclic skeleton and 3-oxo-4-monomethyl structure[1]. Shionone is the major triterpenoid isolated from Aster tataricus, has anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Shionone possesses a unique six-membered tetracyclic skeleton and 3-oxo-4-monomethyl structure[1].

Prunin

C21H22O10 (434.1213)

Naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an antilipemic drug and an antibacterial agent. It is a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Prunin is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Podocarpus nivalis, and other organisms with data available. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2]. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2].

Swertisin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Swertisin is a flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a hypoglycemic agent. It is a flavone C-glycoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a polyphenol, a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Swertisin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Gentiana orbicularis, and other organisms with data available. A flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone isolated from Iris tectorum, is known to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Swertisin is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist[1][2].

Ajugasterone C

C27H44O7 (480.3087)

Ajugasterone C is a steroid. Ajugasterone C is a natural product found in Zoanthus, Cyanotis arachnoidea, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Sanchinoside B2

C36H62O9 (638.4394)

(20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a ginsenoside, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rh1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Panax ginseng, and other organisms with data available. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position. Ginsenoside Rh1 (Prosapogenin A2) inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Ginsenoside Rh1 (Prosapogenin A2) inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Ginsenoside Rh1 (Prosapogenin A2) inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Yamogenintetroside B

C52H86O22 (1062.561)

Methylprotodioscin is a steroid saponin. Methylprotodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Smilax menispermoidea, and other organisms with data available. Methylprotodioscin is found in herbs and spices. Methylprotodioscin is isolated from seeds of Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) and Asparagus officinalis (asparagus). Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2]. Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].

Stigmastanol

C29H52O (416.4018)

Stigmastanol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-stigmastane. Stigmastanol is a natural product found in Alnus japonica, Dracaena cinnabari, and other organisms with data available. Stigmastanol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and a saturated bond in position 5-6 of the B ring. See also: Saw Palmetto (part of). D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68422 - Saturated Phytosterol D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2]. Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2].

Haemanthamine

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

Haemanthamine is an alkaloid. Hemanthamine is a natural product found in Sternbergia clusiana, Cyrtanthus elatus, and other organisms with data available.

Gossypetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

Gossypetin is a hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- 7- and 8-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a hexahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a gossypetin-3-olate and a gossypetin(1-). Gossypetin is a natural product found in Sedum brevifolium, Rhododendron stenophyllum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Primula veris flower (part of); Larrea tridentata whole (part of). A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- 7- and 8-positions.

(-)-3-Isothujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

Tramiprosate

C3H9NO3S (139.0303)

3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].

Zingiberene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Zingiberene is 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale. It is a sesquiterpene and a cyclohexadiene. It is an enantiomer of an ent-zingiberene. Zingiberene is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum azoricum, Helichrysum odoratissimum, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of ginger oiland is) also from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), long pepper (Piper longum) and kua (Curcuma zedoaria). Zingiberene is found in many foods, some of which are cloves, pepper (spice), ginger, and turmeric. Zingiberene is found in anise. Zingiberene is a constituent of ginger oil. Also from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), long pepper (Piper longum) and kua (Curcuma zedoaria)

Tannic acid

C76H52O46 (1700.173)

A gallotannin obtained by acylation of the five hydroxy groups of D-glucose by 3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]benzoic acid (a gallic acid dimer). Same as: D01959 Tannic acid is a light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999) Chinese gallotannin is a tannin. Tannic acid is a natural product found in Achillea millefolium, Calluna vulgaris, and other organisms with data available. Tannic acid is a novel hERG channel blocker with IC50 of 3.4 μM. Tannic acid is a novel hERG channel blocker with IC50 of 3.4 μM.

Adenosine triphosphate

C10H16N5O13P3 (506.9957)

Adenosine triphosphate, also known as atp or atriphos, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates are purine ribobucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Adenosine triphosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Adenosine triphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as lichee, alpine sweetvetch, pecan nut, and black mulberry, which makes adenosine triphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Adenosine triphosphate can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. Adenosine triphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, adenosine triphosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), carteolol action pathway, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/15:0), and carfentanil action pathway. Adenosine triphosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (wolman disease), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), propionic acidemia, and the oncogenic action of d-2-hydroxyglutarate in hydroxygluaricaciduria. Moreover, adenosine triphosphate is found to be associated with rachialgia, neuroinfection, stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adenosine triphosphate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Adenosine triphosphate is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalanc. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts to either the di- or monophosphates, respectively ADP and AMP. Other processes regenerate ATP such that the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA . ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis (DrugBank). Metabolism of organophosphates occurs principally by oxidation, by hydrolysis via esterases and by reaction with glutathione. Demethylation and glucuronidation may also occur. Oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides may result in moderately toxic products. In general, phosphorothioates are not directly toxic but require oxidative metabolism to the proximal toxin. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. PON1 hydrolyzes the active metabolites in several organophosphates insecticides as well as, nerve agents such as soman, sarin, and VX. The presence of PON1 polymorphisms causes there to be different enzyme levels and catalytic efficiency of this esterase, which in turn suggests that different individuals may be more susceptible to the toxic effect of organophosphate exposure (T3DB). ATP is an adenosine 5-phosphate in which the 5-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is an adenosine 5-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5-triphosphate. It is a conjugate acid of an ATP(3-). An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine-5-triphosphate is a natural product found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine Triphosphate is an adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells. Adenosine triphosphate is involved in energy production for metabolic processes and RNA synthesis. In addition, this substance acts as a neurotransmitter. In cancer studies, adenosine triphosphate is synthesized to examine its use to decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (A3367, A3368, A3369, A3370, A3371). Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473). 5′-ATP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-65-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-65-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

6-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-8-beta-D-ribopyranosylapigenin

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-8-(3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one is a member of flavonoids and a C-glycosyl compound. 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)chromen-4-one is a natural product found in Cymbidium kanran, Acanthus, and other organisms with data available. 6-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-8-beta-D-ribopyranosylapigenin is found in herbs and spices. 6-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-8-beta-D-ribopyranosylapigenin is a constituent of Passiflora incarnata (maypops). Constituent of Passiflora incarnata (maypops). Apigenin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-riboside is found in herbs and spices. Neoschaftoside is a flavone C-glycoside that is apigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl and a beta-L-arabinopyranosyl residues at positions 6 and 8 respectively via C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a flavone C-glycoside and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Neoschaftoside is a natural product found in Radula complanata, Artemisia judaica, and other organisms with data available. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1].

13-Hydroxygermacrone

C15H22O2 (234.162)

13-Hydroxygermacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid.

3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde appears as needles or chunky light peach powder. Has an odor of vanilla beans. (NTP, 1992) Veratraldehyde is a dimethoxybenzene that is benzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It is found in peppermint, ginger, raspberry, and other fruits. It has a role as an antifungal agent. It is a member of benzaldehydes and a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Polygala senega, Pluchea sagittalis, and other organisms with data available. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in fruits. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used in vanilla flavour Isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in vanilla flavours. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in peppermint, herbs and spices, and fruits. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3954 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3929 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3941; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3940 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3961 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3960 Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

p-Anisic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

p-Anisic acid, also known as 4-anisate or draconic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives. These are benzoic acids in which the hydrogen atom at position 4 of the benzene ring is replaced by a methoxy group. p-Anisic acid is a drug. p-Anisic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. p-Anisic acid is a faint, sweet, and cadaverous tasting compound. Outside of the human body, p-anisic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as anises, cocoa beans, fennels, and german camomiles. This could make p-anisic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols and soluble in ether, and ethyl acetate. p-Anisic acid has antiseptic properties. It is also used as an intermediate in the preparation of more complex organic compounds. It is generally obtained by the oxidation of anethole or p-methoxyacetophenone. The term "anisic acid" often refers to this form specifically. p-Anisic acid is found naturally in anise. 4-methoxybenzoic acid is a methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-methoxybenzoate. 4-Methoxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Annona purpurea, and other organisms with data available. Anisic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Flavouring agent. Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan. 2001) A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS KEIO_ID A154 p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

Canadine

C20H21NO4 (339.1471)

(S)-canadine is the (S)-enantiomer of canadine. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine and a canadine. It is functionally related to a (S)-nandinine. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-canadine. (S)-Canadine is a natural product found in Hydrastis canadensis, Corydalis turtschaninovii, and other organisms with data available. The (S)-enantiomer of canadine. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.721 D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.718 Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Corydalis Corydalis, with uM-level affinity for D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Tetrahydroberberine is a different kind of living thing that can be extended and divided into parts. Tetrahydroberberine is a kind of effective D2 receptor antagonistic force. Tetrahydroberberine has the ability to strengthen the stomach and relieve the pressure on the stomach[1][2][3]. Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Corydalis Corydalis, with uM-level affinity for D2 and 5-HT1A receptors.

Quassin

C22H28O6 (388.1886)

Bitter constituent of Quassia amara (Surinam quassia) and Picrasma excelsa (Jamaican quassiawood) Quassin is a white bitter, crystalline substance extracted from the quassia tree. It is the bitterest substance found in nature with a bitter threshold of 0.08ppm and it is 50 times more bitter than quinine. Quassin is a triterpenoid. 2,12-Dimethoxypicrasa-2,12-diene-1,11,16-trione is a natural product found in Picrasma quassioides, Quassia amara, and other organisms with data available. Bitter constituent of Quassia amara (Surinam quassia) and Picrasma excelsa (Jamaican quassiawood)

MethylophiopogononeB

C19H18O5 (326.1154)

Methylophiopogonone B is a homoisoflavonoid that is 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 and a (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a homoisoflavonoid, a member of resorcinols and a monomethoxybenzene. Methylophiopogonone B is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus with data available. A homoisoflavonoid that is 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 and a (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3 respectively. Methylophiopogonone B, a homoisoflavonoidal compound that could be isolated from Ophiopogonis Tiber, could scavenge ?OH and H2O2 in vitro to a certain extent[1][2]. Methylophiopogonone B, a homoisoflavonoidal compound that could be isolated from Ophiopogonis Tiber, could scavenge ?OH and H2O2 in vitro to a certain extent[1][2].

Asitrilobin B

C35H64O7 (596.4652)

Annonacin is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Asimina triloba, and other organisms with data available. Asitrilobin B is found in fruits. Asitrilobin B is a constituent of the seeds of Asimina triloba (pawpaw). Constituent of the seeds of Asimina triloba (pawpaw). Asitrilobin B is found in fruits.

Pinobanksin

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

Pinobanksin is a trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7. It has a role as an antimutagen, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavanone and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. Pinobanksin is a natural product found in Populus koreana, Ozothamnus stirlingii, and other organisms with data available. Pinobanksin has apoptotic induction in a B-cell lymphoma cell line[1].

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available.

Dihydrovaltrate

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

Didrovaltratum is an iridoid monoterpenoid. Didrovaltrate is a natural product found in Valeriana pulchella, Fedia cornucopiae, and other organisms with data available. See also: Viburnum opulus bark (has part). Isolated from Valeriana subspecies Dihydrovaltrate is found in tea, fats and oils, and herbs and spices. Dihydrovaltrate is found in fats and oils. Dihydrovaltrate is isolated from Valeriana specie C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

CucurbitacinA

C32H46O9 (574.3142)

Cucurbitacin A is a cucurbitacin. Cucurbitacin A is a natural product found in Hintonia standleyana, Cucumis prophetarum, and other organisms with data available.

Alisol C

C30H46O5 (486.3345)

Alisol C is a triterpenoid.

Cirsimaritin

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Cirsimaritin, also known as 4,5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone or scrophulein, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, cirsimaritin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cirsimaritin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cirsimaritin can be found in a number of food items such as italian oregano, lemon verbena, winter savory, and rosemary, which makes cirsimaritin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Geraniol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

Solanidine

C27H43NO (397.3344)

Solanidine is a steroid alkaloid fundamental parent, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a solanid-5-en-3-ol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a toxin. It is a conjugate base of a solanidine(1+). Solanidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria delavayi, Fritillaria tortifolia, and other organisms with data available. Alkaloid from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Glycosides, (especies Solanines and chaconine) are trace toxic constits. of potato tubers (especies greened tubers), and interbreeding of potatoes with wild strains may increase their concn. or introduce other more toxic, solanidine glycosides Solanidine is a steroidal alkaloid, and its glycosides have been reported to have caused poisoning in man and animals. Solanidine is present in sera of healthy individuals and in amounts dependent on their dietary potato consumption. (PMID: 4007882). Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1]. Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1].

gamma-Asarone

C12H16O3 (208.1099)

2,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-allylbenzene is a benzenetriol. gamma-Asarone is a natural product found in Blumea mollis, Asarum yakusimense, and other organisms with data available. gamma-Asarone is found in herbs and spices. gamma-Asarone is a constituent of Acorus calamus (sweet flag) D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

Gardoside

C16H22O10 (374.1213)

Gardoside is a glycoside. Gardoside is a natural product found in Plantago atrata, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available.

Epi-alpha-amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. alpha-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Eupatorium perfoliatum whole (part of) ... View More ... Carissol is found in beverages. Carissol is a constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Carissol is found in beverages and fruits.

Neriifolin

C30H46O8 (534.3193)

Neriifolin is a cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxigenin in which the hydroxy goup at position 3 has been converted to its (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-glucopyranoside derivative. Found in the seeds of Cerbera odollamand in Thevetia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug, a toxin and a neuroprotective agent. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. Neriifolin is a natural product found in Cerbera manghas, Cerbera odollam, and other organisms with data available. A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxigenin in which the hydroxy goup at position 3 has been converted to its (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-glucopyranoside derivative. Found in the seeds of Cerbera odollamand in Thevetia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_40eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_10eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_20eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_50eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_30eV_CB000031.txt Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[1][2. Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[1][2.

acutumine

C19H24ClNO6 (397.1292)

Acutumine is an alkaloid. Acutumine is a natural product found in Hypserpa nitida, Sinomenium acutum, and other organisms with data available. Dauricumine is a natural product found in Hypserpa nitida, Sinomenium acutum, and Menispermum dauricum with data available.

Lauric aldehyde

C12H24O (184.1827)

Dodecanal is a long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 2,3-saturated fatty aldehyde, a medium-chain fatty aldehyde and a long-chain fatty aldehyde. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane. Dodecanal is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Zingiber mioga, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in peel oil from Citrus subspecies and kumquatand is also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Flavouring agent. Lauric aldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are mollusks, rocket salad (sspecies), sweet orange, and fruits. Lauric aldehyde is found in citrus. Lauric aldehyde occurs in peel oil from Citrus species and kumquat. Also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Lauric aldehyde is a flavouring agent. A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group.

24,25-Dihydrolanosterol

C30H52O (428.4018)

24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a lanosterol. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is a natural product found in Euphorbia sapinii, Heterobasidion annosum, and other organisms with data available. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steriods. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is reversibly converted to lanosterol by delta24-sterol reductase [EC:1.3.1.72]. A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol (Lanostenol) is a component of the seeds of red pepper (Capsicum annuum)[1].

serin

C3H7NO3 (105.0426)

Serine is an alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a hydroxymethyl group. It is a conjugate base of a serinium. It is a conjugate acid of a serinate. It is a tautomer of a serine zwitterion. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

Cuminaldehyde

C10H12O (148.0888)

Cuminaldehyde is the biologically active constituent of Cuminum cyminum seed oil. C. cyminum seed-derived materials have an inhibitory effect in vitro against rat lens aldose reductase and alpha-glucosidase. This inhibitory action cuminaldehyde suggest a potential utility as an antidiabetic therapeutic. (PMID:15796577). Cuminaldehyde is a volatile compound representative of cumin aroma present in trace amounts in the blood and milk of ewes fed with cumin seed. (PMID:8738023). The terpenoid cuminaldehyde, undergoes reduction biotransformation in mammals, but not oxidation. (PMID:2815827). Cuminaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. It has a role as an insecticide, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a cumene. 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. Found in many essential oils, including eucalyptus, cumin and cassiaand is also present in grilled or roast beef and cognac. Flavouring agent Cuminaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=122-03-2 (retrieved 2024-07-11) (CAS RN: 122-03-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1]. Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1].

Acetochlor

C14H20ClNO2 (269.1182)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9499; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9495 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9451; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9447 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9445; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9442 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9479; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9474 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9585; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9582 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1174; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9473; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9469 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8482 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3221 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Isoferulic acid

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Isoferulic acid (CAS: 537-73-5) is a chlorogenic acid (CGA). CGAs are formed by the esterification of hydroxycinnamic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. CGAs are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses, and coffee is the most consumed food product in the world. Isoferulic acid is present in normal human urine in concentrations of 0.05-2.07 umol/mmol creatinine at baseline, and reaches 0.2-9.6 umol/mmol creatinine in four hours after a cup of coffee, with a large inter-individual variation (PMID:17884997). It is used as a food additive; listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan 2001) KEIO_ID I024 Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2]. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2].

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid, also known as L-2,3-diaminopropanoate or Dpr, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid (2,3-diaminopropionate) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain secondary metabolites, including zwittermicin A and tuberactinomycin.2,3-Diaminopropionate is formed by the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) mediated amination of serine. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP). (PMID 5774501) COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

N-Acetylhistamine

C7H11N3O (153.0902)

N-Acetylhistamine is a 4-(beta-Acetylaminoethyl)imidazole that is an intermediate in Histidine metabolism. It is generated from Histamine via the enzyme Transferases (EC 2.3.1.-). Histamine is an amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. Isolated from leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach). N-Acetylhistamine is found in green vegetables and spinach. KEIO_ID A093 N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions.

Cysteinylglycine

C5H10N2O3S (178.0412)

Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interact via redox and disulphide exchange reactions, in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status. (PMID 8642471) Spermatozoa of sub fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy, another member of the thiol group) concentration in the ejaculate and in follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome. (PMID 16556671) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols. (PMID 15895891) Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine), is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized. (PMID 15843241) [HMDB]. Cysteinylglycine is found in many foods, some of which are chinese cabbage, wax apple, garden tomato (variety), and japanese pumpkin. Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of cysteine and glycine. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interacts via redox and disulphide exchange reactions in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status (PMID: 8642471). Spermatozoa of sub-fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the ejaculate and in the follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome (PMID: 16556671). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols (PMID: 15895891). Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized (PMID: 15843241). L-Cysteinylglycine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=19246-18-5 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 19246-18-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

L-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

Arginine (Arg), also known as L-argninine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-asparagine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Arginine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Arginine is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. It is classified as a charged, basic, aliphatic amino acid. Arginine is considered to be a basic amino acid as it has a strongly basic guanidinium group. With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized. This group is able to form multiple H-bonds. In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Infants are unable to effectively synthesize arginine, making it nutritionally essential for infants. Adults, however, are able to synthesize arginine in the urea cycle. L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. It helps dispose of ammonia, is used to make compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, and it can be converted into glucose and glycogen if needed. Arginine also plays an important role in cell division, immunity and wound healing. Arginine is the immediate precursor of nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule which can act as a second messenger, as well as an intercellular messenger which regulates vasodilation, and also has functions in the immune systems reaction to infection. Nitric oxide is made via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (PMID 10690324). Arginine is also a precursor for several important nitrogen-containing compounds including urea, ornithine, and agmatine. Arginine is necessary for the synthesis of creatine and can be used for the synthesis of polyamines (mainly through ornithine and to a lesser degree through agmatine, citrulline, and glutamate.) The presence of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in serum or plasma, a close relative of argninine, inhibits the nitric oxide synthase reaction. ADMA is considered a marker for vascular disease, just as L-arginine is considered a sign of a healthy endothelium. In large doses, L-arginine also stimulates the release of the hormones growth hormone and prolactin. Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially reduces arginine-induced protein synthesis (PMID: 20841502). Catabolic disease states such as sepsis, injury, and cancer cause an increase in arginine utilization, which can exceed normal body production, leading to arginine depletion. Arginine also activates AMP kinase (AMPK) which then stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, thereby increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells (PMID: 21311355). Arginine is found in plant and animal proteins, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts. The ratio of L-arginine to lysine is also important: soy and other plant proteins have more L-arginine than animal sources of protein. [Spectral] L-Arginine (exact mass = 174.11168) and L-Histidine (exact mass = 155.06948) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. L-Arginine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=74-79-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 74-79-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2]. L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2].

L-Serine

C3H7NO3 (105.0426)

Serine (Ser) or L-serine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-serine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Serine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans, serine is a nonessential amino acid that can be easily derived from glycine. A non-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. Like all the amino acid building blocks of protein and peptides, serine can become essential under certain conditions, and is thus important in maintaining health and preventing disease. L-Serine may be derived from four possible sources: dietary intake; biosynthesis from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate; from glycine; and by protein and phospholipid degradation. Little data is available on the relative contributions of each of these four sources of l-serine to serine homoeostasis. It is very likely that the predominant source of l-serine will be very different in different tissues and during different stages of human development. In the biosynthetic pathway, the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphohydroxypyruvate, in a reaction catalyzed by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3- PGDH; EC 1.1.1.95). Phosphohydroxypyruvate is metabolized to phosphoserine by phosphohydroxypyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52) and, finally, phosphoserine is converted into l-serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP; EC 3.1.3.3). In liver tissue, the serine biosynthetic pathway is regulated in response to dietary and hormonal changes. Of the three synthetic enzymes, the properties of 3-PGDH and PSP are the best documented. Hormonal factors such as glucagon and corticosteroids also influence 3-PGDH and PSP activities in interactions dependent upon the diet. L-serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, L-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. (PMID 12534373). [Spectral] L-Serine (exact mass = 105.04259) and D-2-Aminobutyrate (exact mass = 103.06333) and 4-Aminobutanoate (exact mass = 103.06333) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Dietary supplement. L-Serine is found in many foods, some of which are cold cut, mammee apple, coho salmon, and carrot. L-Serine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-45-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-45-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

N-Acetylleucine

C8H15NO3 (173.1052)

N-Acetyl-L-leucine or N-Acetylleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylleucine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylleucine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-lecuine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618). About 85\\\\% of all human proteins and 68\\\\% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylleucine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free leucine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetylleucine can be biosynthesized from L-leucine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme leucine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66). Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids including N-acetylleucine (as well as N-acetylglycine, N-acetylserine, N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylalanine, N-acetylmethionine and smaller amounts of N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylisoleucine, and N-acetylvaline) can be detected in the urine with individuals with acylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618). Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency will experience convulsions, hearing loss and difficulty feeding (PMID: 16465618). ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylleucine are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). N-Acetyl-L-leucine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1188-21-2 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 1188-21-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). N-Acetyl-L-leucine is an endogenous metabolite.

6-Acetylmorphine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

6-acetylmorphine belongs to the family of Morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids

Mesoridazine

C21H26N2OS2 (386.1486)

Mesoridazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to chlorpromazine. [PubChem]Based upon animal studies, mesoridazine, as with other phenothiazines, acts indirectly on reticular formation, whereby neuronal activity into reticular formation is reduced without affecting its intrinsic ability to activate the cerebral cortex. In addition, the phenothiazines exhibit at least part of their activities through depression of hypothalamic centers. Neurochemically, the phenothiazines are thought to exert their effects by a central adrenergic blocking action. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AC - Phenothiazines with piperidine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent

Methohexital

C14H18N2O3 (262.1317)

Methohexital is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia. [PubChem]Methohexital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CA - Barbiturates, plain N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AF - Barbiturates, plain C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate

Methyl red

C15H15N3O2 (269.1164)

D004396 - Coloring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9367; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9363 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9443; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9441 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9445; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9443 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9467; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9471; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9469 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9503; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9501

Nitrazepam

C15H11N3O3 (281.08)

Nitrazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.Nitrazepam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines. It acts on benzodiazepine receptors in the brain which are associated with the GABA receptors causing an enhanced binding of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) to GABAA receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in inducing sleepiness, muscular relaxation and control of anxiety and fits, and slows down the central nervous system. The anticonvulsant properties of nitrazepam and other benzodiazepines may be in part or entirely due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors. Sustained repetitive firing seems to be limited by benzodiazepines effect of slowing recovery of sodium channels from inactivation. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3683

Oxymorphone

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of morphine, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AA - Natural opium alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate

C6H7O4P (174.0082)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2498 KEIO_ID P033

Betamethasone

C22H29FO5 (392.1999)

A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8694; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8691 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8605; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8603 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8664; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8662 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8652; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8651 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8702; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8699 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8704; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8702 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EA - Corticosteroids acting locally H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01C - Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination > S01CB - Corticosteroids/antiinfectives/mydriatics in combination D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AA - Corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03B - Corticosteroids > S03BA - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02B - Corticosteroids > S02BA - Corticosteroids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3242 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

1-Methyladenine

C6H7N5 (149.0701)

1-Methyladenine is the product of reaction between 1-methyladenosine and water which is catalyzed by 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase (EC:3.2.2.13). 1-Methyladenine is a product of alkylation damage in DNA which can be repaired by damage reversal by oxidative demethylation, a reaction requiring ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactor and co-substrate, respectively (PMID:15576352). 1-Methyladenine is found to be associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. 1-Methyladenine is the product of reaction between 1-methyladenosine and water which is catalyzed by 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase. (EC:3.2.2.13) KEIO_ID M074

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

6-Methylmercaptopurine is a metabolite of mercaptopurine. Mercaptopurine (also called 6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a thiopurine. (Wikipedia) KEIO_ID M104

Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

Suberic acid

C8H14O4 (174.0892)

Suberic acid, also octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H12(COOH)2. It is present in the urine of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (PMID 10404733). A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid. Elevated levels of this unstaruated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD). Suberic acid is also found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Isolated from the roots of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 153 KEIO_ID S013 Suberic acid (Octanedioic acid) is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency. Suberic acid (Octanedioic acid) is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency.

5-Methyldeoxycytidine

C10H15N3O4 (241.1063)

5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933) [HMDB] 5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933). 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2]. 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid, also known as N-tridecanoate or C13:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tridecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tridecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Tridecanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, muskmelon, black elderberry, and coconut. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

Dephospho-CoA, also known as 3-dephospho-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are purine ribonucleosides with a diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Thus, dephospho-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Dephospho-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, dephospho-CoA has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as wild leeks, summer savouries, arctic blackberries, biscuits, and persimmons. This could make dephospho-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Dephospho-CoA is an intermediate in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. It is a substrate for bifunctional coenzyme A synthase which contains the dephospho-CoA kinase (EC 2.7.1.24). This enzyme catalyzes the final step in CoA biosynthesis: the phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of ribose using ATP as a phosphate donor. The reaction is ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = ADP + CoA. Dephospho-CoA is a substrate for Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 and Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2. [HMDB]. Dephospho-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cardamom, epazote, lemon balm, and mammee apple. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Diethylpropion

C13H19NO (205.1467)

Diethylpropion is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)Diethylpropion is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these include dopamine and norepinephrine. High levels of these catecholamines tend to suppress hunger signals and appetite. Diethylpropion (through catecholamine elevation) may also indirectly affect leptin levels in the brain. It is theorized that diethylpropion can raise levels of leptin which signal satiety. It is also theorized that increased levels of the catecholamines are partially responsible for halting another chemical messenger known as neuropeptide Y. This peptide initiates eating, decreases energy expenditure, and increases fat storage. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A08 - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08A - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08AA - Centrally acting antiobesity products C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29728 - Anorexiant

Biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. [PubChem] D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

Carbimazole

C7H10N2O2S (186.0463)

Carbimazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to methimazole, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity. [PubChem]Carbimazole is an aitithyroid agent that decreases the uptake and concentration of inorganic iodine by thyroid, it also reduces the formation of di-iodotyrosine and thyroxine. Once converted to its active form of methimazole, it prevents the thyroid peroxidase enzyme from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BB - Sulfur-containing imidazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent

Triazophos

C12H16N3O3PS (313.065)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9355; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9354 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9217; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9214 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9286; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9281 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9227; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9226 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9231; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9228 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1193; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9272; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9270 C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Phenylpropanolamine

C9H13NO (151.0997)

Phenylpropanolamine is a sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of norepinephrine but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant. -- Pubchem [HMDB] Phenylpropanolamine is a sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of norepinephrine but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant. -- Pubchem. R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01B - Nasal decongestants for systemic use > R01BA - Sympathomimetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D014663 - Nasal Decongestants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1547

Pyridaben

C19H25ClN2OS (364.1376)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10598; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10596 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10636; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10634 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10546; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10544 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10660; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10659 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10708; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10707 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 331; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10670; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10667 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2632

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

4,4'-Methylenedianiline

C13H14N2 (198.1157)

4,4’-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an industrial chemical that is produced and used industrially as a precursor to polyamides, epoxy resins, and polyurethane foams (PMID: 20621954). It is a primary aromatic amine, belonging to the family of compounds known as Diphenylmethanes. Diphenylmethanes are compounds consisting of methane with two of the hydrogen atoms replaced by phenyl groups. MDA is used mainly as a precursor to 4,4 ́-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is a precursor to many polyurethane foams. To generate MDI, which is a highly reactive isocyanate, MDA is treated with phosgene. Workers exposed to MDI may develop sensitization, leading to occupational asthma. MDI is metabolized in the body and secreted in the urine as MDA, Therefore MDA is a urinary biomarker of MDI exposure. On its own, MDA is a known animal carcinogen, and human hepatotoxin. MDA produces genotoxic effects by forming DNA adducts in the liver and inducing DNA damage to hepatocytes (PMID: 32038824). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 0.01 ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average, and a short-term exposure limit at 0.10 ppm. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Estazolam

C16H11ClN4 (294.0672)

Estazolam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than diazepam or nitrazepam. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA_A) receptors, this enhances the effects GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Dicyclomine

C19H35NO2 (309.2668)

Dicyclomine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms. [PubChem]Action is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AA - Synthetic anticholinergics, esters with tertiary amino group C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

THIODICARB

C10H18N4O4S3 (354.049)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8160 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8215; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8210 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8251; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8248 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8269; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8264

Azinphos-methyl

C10H12N3O3PS2 (317.0058)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3655 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8473 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2601 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D010575 - Pesticides > D056810 - Acaricides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Methidathion

C6H11N2O4PS3 (301.9619)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3096 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

16(R)-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

16(R)-HETE is a metabolite of arachidonic acid, metabolized by the enzyme Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C [EC:1.14.13.80 1.14.13.48 1.14.13.49]. 16(R)-HETE is an endogenous lipidic inhibitor of human neutrophil inhibitor of adhesion and aggregation activity. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce 16(R)-HETE that modulates their function. HETEs have different biological properties based on sites of production and can be stored in tissue lipids and released in response to hormonal stimuli. Eicosanoids generated during the actions of growth factors and vasoconstrictors can modulate disease processes by affecting vascular homeostasis, inflammation, cellular growth, apoptosis and oxidant stress. In lung, the presence of these eicosanoids in the pulmonary vasculature and airways, including effects on pulmonary vascular and bronchial smooth muscle tone and airway epithelial ion transport. (PMID: 16258232, 14626496, 12681244, 11123211, 14552765, 11126912) [HMDB] 16(R)-HETE is a metabolite of arachidonic acid, metabolized by the enzyme Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C [EC:1.14.13.80 1.14.13.48 1.14.13.49]. 16(R)-HETE is an endogenous lipidic inhibitor of human neutrophil inhibitor of adhesion and aggregation activity. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce 16(R)-HETE that modulates their function. HETEs have different biological properties based on sites of production and can be stored in tissue lipids and released in response to hormonal stimuli. Eicosanoids generated during the actions of growth factors and vasoconstrictors can modulate disease processes by affecting vascular homeostasis, inflammation, cellular growth, apoptosis and oxidant stress. In lung, the presence of these eicosanoids in the pulmonary vasculature and airways, including effects on pulmonary vascular and bronchial smooth muscle tone and airway epithelial ion transport. (PMID: 16258232, 14626496, 12681244, 11123211, 14552765, 11126912).

Cannabidiolate

C22H30O4 (358.2144)

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.

Glycitin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Glycitin is an isoflavone glycoside present in human diets containing soy. The transformation of glycitin by intestinal microflora produces glycitein, a compound found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species. Diverse bacteria strains from human origin have specific activity (beta-glucosidase activity) in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids. Soy isoflavones are popular supplements based on their potential protection against cancer and their use as alternative hormone replacement therapy. Is one of the isoflavones present in ready-to-feed soy-based infant formula. (PMID: 17516245, 17157426, 17439230, 12607743). Present in soya foods; potential nutriceutical. Glycitin is found in many foods, some of which are soy milk, tofu, miso, and soy sauce. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.

Ergocornin

C31H39N5O5 (561.2951)

penicillic acid

C8H10O4 (170.0579)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE isolated standard

Primolut depot

C27H40O4 (428.2926)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10390; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10389 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10375; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10374 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10383; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10381 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10318; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10317 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10339; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10337 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

Fenoprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding. [PubChem]Fenoprofens exact mode of action is unknown, but it is thought that prostaglandin synthetase inhibition is involved. Fenoprofen has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase isolated from bovine seminal vesicles. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Isoetharine

C13H21NO3 (239.1521)

Isoetharine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a selective adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as fast acting bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma. [PubChem]The pharmacologic effects of isoetharine are attributable to stimulation through beta-adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic AMP. Increased cyclic AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

Pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

Sekisanin

C18H21NO5 (331.142)

m-Phenylenediamine

C6H8N2 (108.0687)

KEIO_ID P035

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed from the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically, it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. The enzyme (glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a polypeptide species distinct from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia (PMID: 2791363, 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430). Phenylacetylglutamine is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (PMID: 26241311). Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. Technically it is the amino acid acetylation product of phenylacetate (or phenylbutyrate after beta-oxidation). Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals including the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetyl CoA and glutamine react to form phenylacetyl glutamine and Coenzyme A. The enzyme (Glutamine N-acetyl transferase) that catalyzes this reaction has been purified from human liver mitochondria and shown to be a distinct polypeptide species from glycine-N-acyltransferase. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. (PMID: 2791363; PMID: 8972626). It has been shown that over 50\\\% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidneys preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic acid (PMID: 6420430) Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

coronardine

C21H26N2O2 (338.1994)

Coronaridine, an iboga type alkaloid, inhibits the wnt signaling pathway by decreasing β-catenin expression[1]. Coronaridine, an iboga type alkaloid, inhibits the wnt signaling pathway by decreasing β-catenin expression[1].

Lysergide

C20H25N3O (323.1998)

Lysergic acid diethylamide is an ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. It has a role as a hallucinogen, a serotonergic agonist and a dopamine agonist. It is an ergoline alkaloid, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a lysergamide. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist

4-Chloroaniline

C6H6ClN (127.0189)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3539; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3535 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3530; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3527 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3546; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3542 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1361; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3541 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4138 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8258 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8115

Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

C13H7Cl4NO2 (348.9231)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2369 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8640 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8243

2,4-Dichlorophenol

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13281; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13277 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13308; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13303 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13388; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13386 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13208; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13205 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 13179; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 13176 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4788; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4787 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4687; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4686 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4701; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4700 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4705; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4704 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4715; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4713 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 797; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4673; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4672 2,4-Dichlorophenol is a chlorinated organic chemical due to environmental exposure, that can be detected in breast milk. The free species of phenols and chlorinated organic appear to be most prevalent in milk. (PMID 16377264 ) [HMDB] 2,4-Dichlorophenol is a chlorinated organic chemical due to environmental exposure, that can be detected in breast milk. The free species of phenols and chlorinated organic appear to be most prevalent in milk. (PMID 16377264 ). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8642

NA 28:8;O2

C28H41NO3 (439.3086)

Fluperlapine

C19H20FN3 (309.1641)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist

Gamma-glutamylglutamine

C10H17N3O6 (275.1117)

N2-gamma-Glutamylglutamine, also known as gamma-L-Glu-L-Gln or L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. N2-gamma-Glutamylglutamine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). N2-gamma-Glutamylglutamine is a dipeptide obtained from the condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the alpha-amino group of glutamine. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signalling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. gamma-Glutamylglutamine has been identified in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from hyperammonaemic patients. [HMDB] H-γ-Glu-Gln-OH is a hydrophilic peptide and can be conjugated to drugs. The carrier composed of H-γ-Glu-Gln-OH has the characteristics of high water solubility and drug-loading capacity, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, improved tumor targeting ability, and anti-tumor efficacy[1].

2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is found in citrus. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is isolated from grapefruit peel oi KEIO_ID M127 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver[1].

Pergolide

C19H26N2S (314.1817)

Pergolide is a long-acting dopamine agonist approved in 1982 for the treatment of Parkinsons Disease. It is an ergot derivative that acts on the dopamine D2 and D3, alpha2- and alpha1-adrenergic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. It was indicated as adjunct therapy with levodopa/carbidopa in the symptomatic treatment of parkinsonian syndrome. It was later found that pergolide increased the risk of cardiac valvulopathy. The drug was withdrawn from the US market in March 2007 and from the Canadian market in August 2007. N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents > N04BC - Dopamine agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist

5-KETE

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), 5-lipoxygenase product is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family.(PMID:18292294) [HMDB] 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), 5-lipoxygenase product is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family.(PMID:18292294).

D-Arabinose 5-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

D-Arabinose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide. It is reversibly converted to D-ribulose 5-phosphate by arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.13). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D-Arabinose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide. KEIO_ID A147

Norspermidine

C6H17N3 (131.1422)

Norspermidine, also known as caldine or dipropylentriamin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Norspermidine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Norspermidine has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as narrowleaf cattails, agaves, hickory nuts, sour cherries, and european chestnuts. Norspermidine is a polyamine of similar structure to the more common spermidine. While norspermidine has been found to occur naturally in some species of plants, bacteria, and algae, it is not known to be a natural product in humans as spermidine is. [HMDB]. Norspermidine is found in many foods, some of which are lentils, sweet bay, sea-buckthornberry, and lemon thyme. KEIO_ID B040

Isonicotinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

KEIO_ID I051

Neomycin

C23H46N6O13 (614.3123)

A component of neomycin that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). Neomycin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and acceptor tRNA sites and results in the production of non-functional or toxic peptides. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AB - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID N022

Octylamine

C8H19N (129.1517)

KEIO_ID O007

Lumichrome

C12H10N4O2 (242.0804)

Lumichrome, also known as light folinic acid or 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine, is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2). The chemical structure of lumichrome consists of a heterocyclic isoalloxazine ring, which is a fused pyridine and pyrazine ring system. The isoalloxazine ring contains a methyl group at the 7 and 8 positions and is substituted at the 10 position with a ribityl group, which is a 5-carbon chain derived from ribose with a methyl group at the 2’ position. Photocatalytic Activity: Lumichrome exhibits photocatalytic activity and can act as a photosensitizer. It can absorb light energy and transfer it to other molecules, potentially triggering photochemical reactions. Fluorescence: Lumichrome is known for its fluorescence properties. This characteristic makes it useful in various applications, including fluorescence microscopy and as a labeling agent in biological assays. Antioxidant Properties: Lumichrome has been found to have antioxidant properties. It can scavenge free radicals, which may help in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Metabolic Intermediate: In the body, lumichrome can be formed from riboflavin through photochemical or enzymatic degradation. It may play a role in the metabolism of flavins and could be involved in the recycling of flavin cofactors. Potential Biomarker: Due to its presence in biological tissues and its fluorescence properties, lumichrome has been proposed as a potential biomarker for certain diseases and conditions. Plant Pigment: In plants, lumichrome can be involved in light capture and energy transfer processes, although it is not a chlorophyll pigment. It may contribute to the overall light-harvesting capabilities of plant tissues. While lumichrome has several interesting chemical and biological properties, it is not considered an essential nutrient like its parent compound, riboflavin. Its exact role in biological systems is still an area of ongoing research. Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism[1][2].

Delphinidin 3-rutinoside

[C27H31O16]+ (611.1612)

Delphinidin 3-rutinoside is found in banana. Tulipanin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-rutinoside of delphinidin. It can be found in Alstroemeria species, Berberis species, Cissus sicyoides, Hymenocallis species, Manihot utilissima, Meliosma tenuis, Musa acuminata, Ophiopogon japonicus, Petunia exserta, Petunia reitzii, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), Schismatoglottis concinna, Secale cereale, Slanum betacea, Thaumatococcus daniellii, Tulipa species. Tulipanin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-rutinoside of delphinidin. It can be found in Alstroemeria subspecies, Berberis subspecies, Cissus sicyoides, Hymenocallis subspecies, Manihot utilissima, Meliosma tenuis, Musa acuminata, Ophiopogon japonicus, Petunia exserta, Petunia reitzii, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), Schismatoglottis concinna, Secale cereale, Slanum betacea, Thaumatococcus daniellii, Tulipa subspecies Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Gibberellin A19

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

Gibberellin A19 (GA19) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are C20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Thus, gibberellin A19 is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gibberellin A19 is found in apple. Gibberellin A19 is a constituent of moso bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis). Constituent of moso bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis). Gibberellin A19 is found in many foods, some of which are swede, devilfish, vanilla, and canola. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

Nicotinic acid mononucleotide

[C11H15NO9P]+ (336.0484)

Nicotinic acid mononucleotide, also known as nicotinate ribonucleotide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinic acid nucleotides. These are pyridine nucleotides in which the pyridine base is nicotinic acid or a derivative thereof. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Nicotinic acid mononucleotide an intermediate in the cofactor biosynthesis and the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. It is a substrate for nicotinamide riboside kinase, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, 5-nucleotidase, nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, and 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is an intermediate in the metabolism of Nicotinate and nicotinamide. It is a substrate for Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3, Cytosolic 5-nucleotidase IA, Cytosolic 5-nucleotidase IB, Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase (cytosolic type), Cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase, Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3, 5-nucleotidase, 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase (mitochondrial) and Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1. [HMDB] NaMN is the most common mononucleotide intermediate (a hub) in NAD biogenesis. For example, in E. coli all three pyridine precursors are converted into NaMN (Table 1 and Figure 3(a)). Qa produced by the de novo Asp–DHAP pathway (genes nadB and nadA) is converted into NaMN by QAPRT (gene nadC). Salvage of both forms of niacin proceeds via NAPRT (gene pncB) either directly upon or after deamidation by NMDSE (gene pncA). Overall, more than 90\% of approximately 680 analyzed bacterial genomes contain at least one of the pathways leading to the formation of NaMN. Most of them (∼480 genomes) have the entire set of nadBAC genes for NaMN de novo synthesis from Asp that are often clustered on the chromosome and/or are co-regulated by the same transcription factors (see Section 7.08.3.1.2). Among the examples provided in Table 1, F. tularensis (Figure 4(c)) has all three genes of this de novo pathway forming a single operon-like cluster and supporting the growth of this organism in the absence of any pyridine precursors in the medium. More than half the genomes with the Asp–DHAP pathway also contain a deamidating niacin salvage pathway (genes pncAB) as do many representatives of the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillus/Clostridium group. As already emphasized, the genomic reconstruction approach provides an assessment of the metabolic potential of an organism, which may or may not be realized under given conditions. For example, E. coli and B. subtilis can utilize both de novo and PncAB Nm salvage pathways under the same growth conditions, whereas in M. tuberculosis (having the same gene pattern) the latter pathway was considered nonfunctional, so that the entire NAD pool is generated by the de novo NadABC route. However, a recent study demonstrated the functional activity of the Nm salvage pathway in vivo, under hypoxic conditions in infected macrophages.221 This study also implicated the two downstream enzymes of NAD synthesis (NAMNAT and NADSYN) as attractive chemotherapeutic targets to treat acute and latent forms of tuberculosis. In approximately 100 species, including many Cyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcus spp.), Bacteroidetes (e.g., Chlorobium spp.) and Proteobacteria (e.g., Caulobacter crescentus, Zymomonas mobilis, Desulfovibrio spp., and Shewanella spp. representing α-, β-, δ-, and γ-groups, respectively) the Asp–DHAP pathway is the only route to NAD biogenesis. Among them, nearly all Helicobacter spp. (except H. hepaticus), contain only the two genes nadA and nadC but lack the first gene of the pathway (nadB), which is a likely subject of nonorthologous gene replacement. One case of NadB (ASPOX) replacement by the ASPDH enzyme in T. maritima (and methanogenic archaea) was discussed in Section 7.08.2.1. However, no orthologues of the established ASPDH could be identified in Helicobacter spp. as well as in approximately 15 other diverse bacterial species that have the nadAC but lack the nadB gene (e.g., all analyzed Corynebacterium spp. except for C. diphtheriae). Therefore, the identity of the ASPOX or ASPDH enzyme in these species is still unknown, representing one of the few remaining cases of ‘locally missing genes’220 in the NAD subsystem. All other bacterial species contain either both the nadA and nadB genes (plus nadC) or none. In a limited number of bacteria (∼20 species), mostly in the two distant groups of Xanthomonadales (within γ-Proteobacteria) and Flavobacteriales (within Bacteroidetes), the Asp–DHAP pathway of Qa synthesis is replaced by the Kyn pathway. As described in Section 7.08.2.1.2, four out of five enzymes (TRDOX, KYNOX, KYNSE, and HADOX) in the bacterial version of this pathway are close homologues of the respective eukaryotic enzymes, whereas the KYNFA gene is a subject of multiple nonorthologous replacements. Although the identity of one alternative form of KYNFA (gene kynB) was established in a group of bacteria that have a partial Kyn pathway for Trp degradation to anthranilate (e.g., in P. aeruginosa or B. cereus57), none of the known KYNFA homologues are present in Xanthomonadales or Flavobacteriales. In a few species (e.g., Salinispora spp.) a complete gene set of the Kyn pathway genes co-occurs with a complete Asp–DHAP pathway. Further experiments would be required to establish to what extent and under what conditions these two pathways contribute to Qa formation. As discussed, the QAPRT enzyme is shared by both de novo pathways, and a respective gene, nadC is always found in the genomes containing one or the other pathway. Similarly, gene nadC always co-occurs with Qa de novo biosynthetic genes with one notable exception of two groups of Streptococci, S. pneumonaie and S. pyogenes. Although all other members of the Lactobacillales group also lack the Qa de novo biosynthetic machinery and rely entirely on niacin salvage, only these two human pathogens contain a nadC gene. The functional significance of this ‘out of context’ gene is unknown, but it is tempting to speculate that it may be involved in a yet-unknown pathway of Qa salvage from the human host. Among approximately 150 bacterial species that lack de novo biosynthesis genes and rely on deamidating salvage of niacin (via NAPRT), the majority (∼100) are from the group of Firmicutes. Such a functional variant (illustrated for Staphylococcus aureus in Figure 4(b)) is characteristic of many bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (e.g., Brucella, Bordetella, and Campylobacter spp. from α-, β-, and δ-Proteobacteria, Borrelia, and Treponema spp. from Spirochaetes). Most of the genomes in this group contain both pncA and pncB genes that are often clustered on the chromosome and/or are co-regulated (see Section 7.08.3.1.2). In some cases (e.g., within Mollicutes and Spirochaetales), only the pncB, but not the pncA gene, can be reliably identified, suggesting that either of these species can utilize only the deamidated form of niacin (Na) or that some of them contain an alternative (yet-unknown) NMASE. Although the nondeamidating conversion of Nm into NMN (via NMPRT) appears to be present in approximately 50 bacterial species (mostly in β- and γ-Proteobacteria), it is hardly ever the only route of NAD biogenesis in these organisms. The only possible exception is observed in Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae that contain the nadV gene as the only component of pyridine mononucleotide biosynthetic machinery. In some species (e.g., in Synechocystes spp.), the NMPRT–NMNAT route is committed primarily to the recycling of endogenous Nm. On the other hand, in F. tularensis (Figure 4(c)), NMPRT (gene nadV) together with NMNAT (of the nadM family) constitute the functional nondeamidating Nm salvage pathway as it supports the growth of the nadE′-mutant on Nm but not on Na (L. Sorci et al., unpublished). A similar nondeamidating Nm salvage pathway implemented by NMPRT and NMNAT (of the nadR family) is present in some (but not all) species of Pasteurellaceae in addition to (but never instead of) the RNm salvage pathway (see below), as initially demonstrated for H. ducreyi.128 A two-step conversion of NaMN into NAD via a NaAD intermediate (Route I in Figure 2) is present in the overwhelming majority of bacteria. The signature enzyme of Route I, NAMNAT of the NadD family is present in nearly all approximately 650 bacterial species that are expected to generate NaMN via de novo or salvage pathways (as illustrated by Figures 3(a) and 3(b)). All these species, without a single exception, also contain NADSYN (encoded by either a short or a long form of the nadE gene), which is required for this route. The species that lack the NadD/NadE signature represent several relatively rare functional variants, including: 1. Route I of NAD synthesis (NaMN → NaAD → NAD) variant via a bifunctional NAMNAT/NMNAT enzyme of the NadM family is common for archaea (see Section 7.08.3.2), but it appears to be present in only a handful of bacteria, such as Acinetobacter, Deinococcus, and Thermus groups. Another unusual feature of the latter two groups is the absence of the classical NADKIN, a likely subject of a nonorthologous replacement that remains to be elucidated. 2. Route II of NAD synthesis (NaMN → NMN → NAD). This route is implemented by a combination of the NMNAT of either the NadM family (as in F. tularensis) or the NadR family (as in M. succinoproducens and A. succinogenes) with NMNSYN of the NadE′ family. The case of F. tularensis described in Section 7.08.2.4 is illustrated in Figure 3(b). The rest of the NAD biosynthetic machinery in both species from the Pasteurellaceae group, beyond the shared Route II, is remarkably different from that in F. tularensis. Instead of de novo biosynthesis, they harbor a Na salvage pathway via NAPRT encoded by a pncB gene that is present in a chromosomal cluster with nadE′. Neither of these two genes are present in other Pasteurellaceae that lack the pyridine carboxylate amidation machinery (see below). 3. Salvage of RNm (RNm → NMN → NAD). A genomic signature of this pathway, a combination of the PnuC-like transporter and a bifunctional NMNAT/RNMKIN of the NadR family, is present in many Enterobacteriaceae and in several other diverse species (e.g., in M. tuberculosis). However, in H. influenzae (Figure 3(d)) and related members of Pasteurellaceae, it is the only route of NAD biogenesis. As shown in Table 1, H. influenzae as well as many other members of this group have lost nearly all components of the rich NAD biosynthetic machinery that are present in their close phylogenetic neighbors (such as E. coli and many other Enterobacteriaceae). This pathway is an ultimate route for utilization of the so called V-factors (NADP, NAD, NMN, or RNm) that are required to support growth of H. influenzae. It was established that all other V-factors are degraded to RNm by a combination of periplasmic- and membrane-associated hydrolytic enzymes.222 Although PnuC was initially considered an NMN transporter,223 its recent detailed analysis in both H. influenzae and Salmonella confirmed that its actual physiological function is in the uptake of RNm coupled with the phosphorylation of RNM to NMN by RNMKIN.17,148,224 As already mentioned, H. ducreyi and several other V-factor-independent members of the Pasteurellaceae group (H. somnus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Actinomycetemcomitans) harbor the NMNAT enzyme (NadV) that allows them to grow in the presence of Nm (but not Na) in the medium (Section 7.08.2.2). 4. Uptake of the intact NAD. Several groups of phylogenetically distant intracellular endosymbionts with extremely truncated genomes contain only a single enzyme, NADKIN, from the entire subsystem. Among them are all analyzed species of the Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Blochmannia groups. These species are expected to uptake and utilize the intact NAD from their host while retaining the ability to convert it into NADP. Among all analyzed bacteria, only the group of Chlamydia does not have NADKIN and depends on the salvage of both NAD and NADP via a unique uptake system.157 A comprehensive genomic reconstruction of the metabolic potential (gene annotations and asserted pathways) across approximately 680 diverse bacterial genomes sets the stage for the accurate cross-genome projection and prediction of regulatory mechanisms that control the realization of this potential in a variety of species and growth conditions. In the next section, we summarize the recent accomplishments in the genomic reconstruction of NAD-related regulons in bacteria. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=321-02-8 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 321-02-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline

C11H11N5 (213.1014)

2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is a food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especially grilled/barbecued Food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especies grilled/barbecued). 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2292 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 6 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Nitidine

C21H18NO4+ (348.1236)

Chebulagic acid

C41H30O27 (954.0974)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23094-71-5 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 23094-71-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

7-ACA

C10H12N2O5S (272.0467)

7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid is the alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates. It is functionally related to a cephalosporanic acid. It is a tautomer of a 7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid zwitterion. 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid has been reported in Apis cerana D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

Cholestan-3-one

C27H46O (386.3548)

5alpha-Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato. Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. (Wikipedia). Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. 5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato.

Phyllanthin

C24H34O6 (418.2355)

Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1]. Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1].

3-oxo-C12 homoserine lactone

C16H27NO4 (297.194)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211

1-O-Acetyllycorine

C18H19NO5 (329.1263)

1-Hydroxyisoquinoline

C9H7NO (145.0528)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 70 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

FT-0775149

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

14,15-DiHETrE

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR . shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065) [HMDB] 14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR, shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065).

Resolvin D2

C22H32O5 (376.225)

Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225) [HMDB] Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225).

Ajoene

C9H14OS3 (234.0207)

Ajoene is found in onion-family vegetables. Ajoene is isolated from garlic (Allium sativum) extracts. Nutriceutical with anti-cancer properties Ajoene is a chemical compound available from garlic (Allium sativum). The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of two isomers, E-, and Z- 4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide. Ajoene, an unsaturated disulfide, is formed from the bonding of three allicin molecules. Allicin is a sulfinyl compound that gives garlic its strong odor and flavor. The release of allicin occurs after a garlic clove is crushed or finely chopped. Subsequent formation of ajoene occurs when allicin is dissolved in various solvents including edible oils. Ajoene is also found in garlic extract. Ajoene is most stable and most abundant in macerate of garlic (chopped garlic in edible oil) Ajoene is a member of the class of compounds known as sulfoxides. Sulfoxides are compounds containing a sulfoxide functional group, with the structure RS(=O)R (R,R not H). Ajoene is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ajoene can be found in garlic, onion-family vegetables, and soft-necked garlic, which makes ajoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of up to four isomers, which differ in terms of the stereochemistry of central alkene (E- vs Z-) and the chirality of the sulfoxide . D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

gamma-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

gamma-Carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by the cyclization of lycopene. It is found in human serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). Gamma-carotene, also known as γ-carotene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Gamma-carotene can be found in a number of food items such as corn, yellow bell pepper, fig, and papaya, which makes gamma-carotene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Camphene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Camphene is nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It exists as a flammable, white solid that has a minty, citrus, eucalyptus odor. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and in food additives for flavouring. In the mid-19th century it was used as a fuel for lamps, but this was limited by its explosiveness. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. Camphene can be found in a number of food items such as dill, carrots, caraway, hyssop, lemon, orange, nutmeg seed, parsley, sage, thyme, turmeric and fennel, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. Camphene is one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Camphene is a camphor, fir needle, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as cardamom, yellow bell pepper, common thyme, and coriander, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Camphene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Camphene is a bicyclic monoterpene. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. Its mid-19th century use as a fuel for lamps was limited by its explosiveness .

2-Butenal

C4H6O (70.0419)

(e)-2-butenal, also known as (cis)-crotonaldehyde or (E)-crotonaldehyde (iupac), is a member of the class of compounds known as enals. Enals are an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula RC=C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C triple bond at the alpha,beta position (e)-2-butenal is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (e)-2-butenal is a flower tasting compound found in fruits, garden tomato, and potato, which makes (e)-2-butenal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (e)-2-butenal can be found primarily in feces and saliva. 2-Butenal (CAS: 4170-30-3), also known as crotonaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as enals. These are alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes of the general formula RC=C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C triple bond at the alpha,beta position. The (E)-form of 2-butenal predominates (>95\\%). 2-Butenal can undergo polycondensation with phenols to synthesize phenolic resins. It is an eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. (E)-2-Butenal is found in fruits and vegetables (e.g. tomato juice, strawberry aroma).

3-Hydroxy-2-oxoindole

C8H7NO2 (149.0477)

3-Hydroxy-2-oxoindole is an oxidized indole derivative. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. 3-hydroxy-2-oxoindole is a naturally occurring indole metabolite found in human urine (PMID: 11722560). It is a reduced form of the more abundant naturally occurring indole metabolite known as isatin (which is derived from the gut microbial metabolism of tryptophan). 3-hydroxy-2-oxoindole is generated via the activity of the enzyme known as isatin reductase, which is found in the liver and kidney (PMID: 11722560). It exhibits modest monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activity. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Geranyl-PP

C10H20O7P2 (314.0684)

Geranyl diphosphate is the precursor of monoterpenes, a large family of natural occurring C10 compounds predominately found in plants and animals. Geranyl diphosphate is regarded as a key intermediate in the steroid, isoprene and terpene biosynthesis pathways and is used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. (wikipedia). In humans, geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl diphosphate. Animals produce IPP through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Isoprenoid compounds have been implicated in several human disease states including coronary heart disease, blindness, infectious hepatitis and cancer.; ; Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia; Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. Geranyl diphosphate is the precursor of monoterpenes, a large family of natural occurring C10 compounds predominately found in plants and animals. Geranyl diphosphate is regarded as a key intermediate in the steroid, isoprene and terpene biosynthesis pathways and is used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. (wikipedia). In humans, geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl diphosphate. Animals produce IPP through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Isoprenoid compounds have been implicated in several human disease states including coronary heart disease, blindness, infectious hepatitis and cancer. Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

C27H44N7O20P3S (911.1575)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (CAS: 1553-55-5) is formed when acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes (PMID: 14689582). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa, also known as hmg-coa or hydroxymethylglutaroyl coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas are 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl-CoAs where the 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration. Thus, (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as watercress, burdock, spirulina, and chicory, which makes (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.

Triphosphate

H5O10P3 (257.9096)

Triphosphate is a salt or ester containing three phosphate groups. It is the ionic form of triphosphoric acid, a condensed form of phosphoric acid. Triphosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of folate, the metabolism of purine, the metabolism of porphyrin and chlorophyll, the metabolism of pyrimidine, and the metabolism of thiamine. It is a substrate for transforming protein p21/H-Ras-1, bis(5-adenosyl)-triphosphatase, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1, DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase (mitochondrial), thiamine-triphosphatase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III 32 kDa polypeptide, and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase. Compounds such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are esters of triphosphoric acid. Polyphosphates are hydrolyzed into smaller units (orthophosphates) in the gut before absorption, which may induce metabolic acidosis. The acute toxicity of polyphosphonates is low as the lowest LD50 after oral administration is > 1,000 mg/kg body weight. Polyphosphates are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membrane because of their alkalinity. No mutagenic potential was observed when TTP was tested in a Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) and in a chromosomal aberration assay in vitro using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line (Ishidate et al. 1984). Tetrasodium pyrophosphate was not mutagenic in an in vitro assay using S. cerevisiae strains and S. typhimurium strains with and without the addition of mammalian metabolic activation preparations (IPCS 1982). Reproduction studies in three generations of rats on diets with 0.5\\% TTP were performed. TTP had no effects on fertility or litter size, or on growth or survival on offspring (Hodge 1964). Triphosphoric acid, also tripolyphosphoric acid, with formula H5P3O10, is a condensed form of phosphoric acid. In polyphosphoric acids, it is the next after pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7, also called diphosphoric acid. Compounds such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are esters of triphosphoric acid. [Wikipedia]

Cyclopentanone

C5H8O (84.0575)

Cyclopentanone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Cyclopentanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, cyclopentanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Cyclopentanone is a cyclic ketone, structurally similar to cyclopentane, consisting of a five-membered ring containing a ketone functional group. Cyclopentanone is a colorless liquid organic compound with a peppermint-like odor. Cyclopentanone is found in various foods, including potato and tomato, and cooked foods, e.g. butter, meats, coffee, roasted peanut. Cyclopentanone is also used as a flavouring ingredient. Found in various foods, including potato and tomato, and cooked foods, e.g. butter, meats, coffee, roasted peanut. Flavouring ingredient

Formyl-CoA

C22H36N7O17P3S (795.1101)

Formyl-CoA is formed during the alpha-oxidation process in liver peroxisomes, as a result of the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids. The amount of formyl-CoA formed constitutes 2 - 5\\% of the total formate. The formyl-CoA formed is not due to activation of formate - until now presumed to be the primary end-product of alpha-oxidation - but is rather than formate the end-product of alpha-oxidation. The cleavage of 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA to 2-methylpentadecanal and formate (formyl-CoA) is probably due to the presence of a specific lyase. (PMID: 9276483, 9166898) [HMDB]. Formyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are roman camomile, java plum, sweet marjoram, and new zealand spinach. Formyl-CoA is formed during the alpha-oxidation process in liver peroxisomes, as a result of the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids. The amount of formyl-CoA formed constitutes 2 - 5\\% of the total formate. The formyl-CoA formed is not due to activation of formate - until now presumed to be the primary end-product of alpha-oxidation - but is rather than formate the end-product of alpha-oxidation. The cleavage of 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA to 2-methylpentadecanal and formate (formyl-CoA) is probably due to the presence of a specific lyase. (PMID: 9276483, 9166898).

Phosphoglycolic acid

C2H5O6P (155.9824)

Phosphoglycolic acid, also known as 2-phosphoglycolate or (phosphonooxy)-acetate, is a member of the class of compounds known as monoalkyl phosphates. Monoalkyl phosphates are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly one alkyl chain. Phosphoglycolic acid is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoglycolic acid can be found in a number of food items such as arrowhead, rocket salad (sspecies), roselle, and natal plum, which makes phosphoglycolic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phosphoglycolic acid can be found primarily throughout most human tissues. Phosphoglycolic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Phosphoglycolic acid is a substrate for triose-phosphate isomerase. This compound belongs to the family of Organophosphate Esters. These are organic compounds containing phosphoric acid ester functional group.

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate

C8H14O8 (238.0689)

3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate, also known as kdo or 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-octonate, belongs to sugar acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, okra, horseradish tree, and hazelnut, which makes 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate may be a unique E.coli metabolite.

ADP-Ribosyl-L-arginine

C21H35N9O15P2 (715.1728)

ADP-Ribosyl-L-arginine is the substrate of the protein ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase (EC-Number 3.2.2.19 ), removing ADP-ribose from arginine residues in ADP ribosylated proteins. Arginine residues in proteins act as acceptors, catalyzing the NAD (+)-dependent activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1). (MetaCyc) [HMDB] ADP-Ribosyl-L-arginine is the substrate of the protein ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase (EC-Number 3.2.2.19 ), removing ADP-ribose from arginine residues in ADP ribosylated proteins. Arginine residues in proteins act as acceptors, catalyzing the NAD (+)-dependent activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1). (MetaCyc).

neamine

C12H26N4O6 (322.1852)

C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic

Hydrogen selenide

H2Se (81.9322)

Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926) [HMDB] Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926).

Coenzyme Q9

C54H82O4 (794.6213)

Coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) is a normal constituent of human plasma. CoQ9 in human plasma may originate as a product of incomplete CoQ10 biosynthesis or from the diet. The estimated dietary CoQ9 intake is 0 to 1.3 umol/day, primarily from cereals and fats, but this is unreliable because many food items contain levels below the detection limit. Plasma CoQ9 increases after supplementation with CoQ10, and CoQ9 and CoQ10 are significantly correlated. (PMID: 17405953). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis[1][2]. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis[1][2].

Xanthommatin

C20H13N3O8 (423.0703)

An ommochrome that consists of a pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine ring system bearing hydroxy, carboxy, oxo and 3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl substituents at positions 1, 3, 5 and 11 respectively. The parent of the class of xanthommatins.

Cyclopentanol

C5H10O (86.0732)

Cyclopentanol, also known as cyclopentyl alcohol or hydroxycyclopentane, is a member of the class of compounds known as cyclopentanols. Cyclopentanols are compounds containing a cyclopentane ring that carries an alcohol group. Cyclopentanol is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclopentanol can be found in a number of food items such as walnut, cashew nut, cauliflower, and linden, which makes cyclopentanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

2-Cyclohexen-1-one

C6H8O (96.0575)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

Glutaconyl-CoA

C26H40N7O19P3S (879.1312)

Glutaconyl-CoA (CAS: 6712-05-6), also known as 4-carboxybut-2-enoyl-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-enoyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain. Thus, glutaconyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Glutaconyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Glutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Glutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). [HMDB]

Tetradecanoyl-CoA

C35H62N7O17P3S (977.3136)

Tetradecanoyl-CoA (or myristoyl-CoA) is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation and the beta oxidation of fatty acids. It is also used in the myristoylation of proteins. The first pass through the beta-oxidation process starts with the saturated fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA and produces myristoyl-CoA. A total of four enzymatic steps are required, starting with VLCAD CoA dehydrogenase (Very Long Chain) activity, followed by three enzymatic steps catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, all present in the mitochondria. Myristoylation of proteins is also catalyzed by the presence of myristoyl-CoA along with Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). Myristoylation is an irreversible, co-translational (during translation) protein modification found in animals, plants, fungi and viruses. In this protein modification a myristoyl group (derived from myristioyl CoA) is covalently attached via an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal amino acid of a nascent polypeptide. It is more common on glycine residues but also occurs on other amino acids. Myristoylation also occurs post-translationally, for example when previously internal glycine residues become exposed by caspase cleavage during apoptosis. Myristoylation plays a vital role in membrane targeting and signal transduction in plant responses to environmental stress. Compared to other species that possess a single functional myristoyl-CoA: protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) gene copy, human, mouse and cow possess 2 NMT genes, and more than 2 protein isoforms. Myristoyl-coa, also known as S-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a or myristoyl-coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. Long-chain fatty acyl coas are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. Myristoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myristoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as sea-buckthornberry, anise, chicory, and cassava, which makes myristoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Myristoyl-coa can be found primarily in human fibroblasts tissue. Myristoyl-coa exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, myristoyl-coa is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked, beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. Myristoyl-coa is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:0/14:0/22:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/12:0/14:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:1(9Z)/14:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(14:0/16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)).

6-Methylsalicylic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates

2-Deoxy-L-arabinose

C5H10O4 (134.0579)

DG(10:0/10:0/0:0)

C23H44O5 (400.3189)

DG(10:0/10:0/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(10:0/10:0/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.

NSC627046

C12H17N5O4 (295.128)

N6,N6-Dimethyladenosine is a modified ribonucleoside previously found in rRNA, and also exhibits in mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin tRNA[1].

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

C13H21NO10 (351.1165)

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (alternatively 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (PMID 3623000). It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus (PMID 3700379). 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (PMID 3623000) It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus. (PMID 3700379) [HMDB]

8(S)-HPETE

C20H32O4 (336.23)

(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid

C20H32O4 (336.23)

(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid, also known as Hepoxilin a3 or 8-EH-2, is classified as a member of the Hepoxilins. Hepoxilins are eicosanoids containing an oxirane group attached to the fatty acyl chain. (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic

Histidylleucine

C12H20N4O3 (268.1535)

Histidylleucine is a dipeptide composed of histidine and leucine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Dipeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signalling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis.

2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

C14H23N4O8P2S+ (469.0712)

2-Hydroxyethyl-ThPP is involved in Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Alanine and aspartate matabolism, Valine, Leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Pyruvate metabolism, and Butanoate metabolism [Kegg: c05125] [HMDB] 2-Hydroxyethyl-ThPP is involved in Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Alanine and aspartate matabolism, Valine, Leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Pyruvate metabolism, and Butanoate metabolism [Kegg: c05125].

Cholest-5-ene

C27H46 (370.3599)

Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol. If there are two double bonds, the molecule is known as a "cholestadienes". Examples include fusidic acid, lanosterol, and stigmasterol.--Wikipedia. Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol.

20alpha-Hydroxycholesterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol participates in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is produced by the reaction between cholesterol and the enzyme, cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) [EC:1.14.15.6]. [HMDB] 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol participates in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is produced by the reaction between cholesterol and the enzyme, cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) [EC:1.14.15.6]. 20(S)-hydroxyCholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo) that activates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with an EC50 of 3 μM in a gene transcription reporter assay using NIH3T3 cells[1][2].

2-Keto-6-acetamidocaproate

C8H13NO4 (187.0845)

2-Keto-6-acetamidocaproate is an intermediate in lysine degradation. It can be generated from N6-acetyl-L-lysine. N-acetyl-lysine is an acetylated amino acid. Post-translational lysine-acetylation is one of two major modifications of lysine residues in various proteins. Acetylation of specific lysine residues in the N-terminal domains of core histones is a biochemical marker of active genes. Acetylation is now known to play a major role in eukaryotic transcription. Specifically, acetyltransferase enzymes that act on particular lysine side chains of histones and other proteins are intimately involved in transcriptional activation. N6-acetyl-L-lysine can be converted to 2-Keto-6-acetamidocaproate via the enzyme N6-acetyllysine aminotransferase and then 2-keto-6-acetamidocaproate can be reduced enzymatically to 5-acetamidovalerate. [HMDB] 2-Keto-6-acetamidocaproate is an intermediate in lysine degradation. It can be generated from N6-acetyl-L-lysine. N-acetyl-lysine is an acetylated amino acid. Post-translational lysine-acetylation is one of two major modifications of lysine residues in various proteins. Acetylation of specific lysine residues in the N-terminal domains of core histones is a biochemical marker of active genes. Acetylation is now known to play a major role in eukaryotic transcription. Specifically, acetyltransferase enzymes that act on particular lysine side chains of histones and other proteins are intimately involved in transcriptional activation. N6-acetyl-L-lysine can be converted to 2-Keto-6-acetamidocaproate via the enzyme N6-acetyllysine aminotransferase and then 2-keto-6-acetamidocaproate can be reduced enzymatically to 5-acetamidovalerate.

3-CHLOROCATECHOL

C6H5ClO2 (143.9978)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

5-Hydroxykynurenamine

C9H12N2O2 (180.0899)

5-Hydroxykynurenamine is an intermediate in the tryptophan metabolic pathway [Kegg: C05638]. It is generated from 5-hydroxykynurenine via the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase. [HMDB] 5-Hydroxykynurenamine is an intermediate in the tryptophan metabolic pathway [Kegg: C05638]. It is generated from 5-hydroxykynurenine via the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase.

Cinnavalininate

C14H8N2O6 (300.0382)

Cinnavalininate is an intermediate in the tryptophan metabolic pathway [Kegg: C05640]. It is generated from 3-hydroxyanthranilate via the enzyme catalase (EC:1.11.1.6). [HMDB] Cinnavalininate is an intermediate in the tryptophan metabolic pathway [Kegg: C05640]. It is generated from 3-hydroxyanthranilate via the enzyme catalase (EC:1.11.1.6). Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis[1].

Dihydropteridine

C6H6N4 (134.0592)

Dihydropteridine is a generic compound; the product of the reduction of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropteridine, which is catalyzed by 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.5.1.34). (KEGG) This compound is recognised as a cause of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) deficiency, leading to hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and impaired biogenic amine deficiency. (PMID: 14705166). A generic compound; the product of the reduction of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropteridine, which is catalyzed by 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.5.1.34). (KEGG) This compound is recognised as a cause of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) deficiency, leading to hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and impaired biogenic amine deficiency. (PMID: 14705166) [HMDB]

Tetrahydropteridine

C6H8N4 (136.0749)

Tetrahydrobiopterin serves well-characterized cofactor functions for hydroxylating aromatic amino acids and ether lipids and for formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Formation of NO involves two cycles of oxidation of Tetrahydrobiopterin to its radical with subsequent rehydroxylation into Tetrahydrobiopterin, one for reduction of the heme-bound arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex of NO synthase (NOS), the other for reduction of the N-hydroxy-L-arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex. Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent glyceryl ether monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.5) is found not only in liver and the gastrointestinal tract but also in brain and other organs (this enzyme plays an essential role in conjugation with the cleavage enzyme in the regulation of cellular levels of -alkyl moieties in glycerolipids). Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential for the enzymatic reaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) for the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Limited Tetrahydrobiopterin availability not only decreases formation of NO but also causes NOS-derived superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production leading to formation of peroxynitrite as well as S-nitrosoglutathione. As a consequence of its oxygen-activating potential, Tetrahydrobiopterin is also subject to autoxidation in a free radical chain reaction in leading to formation of superoxide and finally to hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, Tetrahydrobiopterin, like other H4-pterins, can scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite. Thus, Tetrahydrobiopterin may have opposing effects in various biological systems depending on whether its cofactor roles outweigh its chemical reactivity or vice versa. Sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the reduction of tetrahydro-sepiapterin to tetrahydrobiopterin -the terminal step in this biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin. This reaction is N-acetyl-serotonin-sensitive and can completely inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. (PMID: 3881214, 17303893, 3756924, 15223071) [HMDB] Tetrahydrobiopterin serves well-characterized cofactor functions for hydroxylating aromatic amino acids and ether lipids and for formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Formation of NO involves two cycles of oxidation of Tetrahydrobiopterin to its radical with subsequent rehydroxylation into Tetrahydrobiopterin, one for reduction of the heme-bound arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex of NO synthase (NOS), the other for reduction of the N-hydroxy-L-arginine-Fe(II)O2 complex. Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent glyceryl ether monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.5) is found not only in liver and the gastrointestinal tract but also in brain and other organs (this enzyme plays an essential role in conjugation with the cleavage enzyme in the regulation of cellular levels of -alkyl moieties in glycerolipids). Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential for the enzymatic reaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) for the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Limited Tetrahydrobiopterin availability not only decreases formation of NO but also causes NOS-derived superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production leading to formation of peroxynitrite as well as S-nitrosoglutathione. As a consequence of its oxygen-activating potential, Tetrahydrobiopterin is also subject to autoxidation in a free radical chain reaction in leading to formation of superoxide and finally to hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, Tetrahydrobiopterin, like other H4-pterins, can scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite. Thus, Tetrahydrobiopterin may have opposing effects in various biological systems depending on whether its cofactor roles outweigh its chemical reactivity or vice versa. Sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the reduction of tetrahydro-sepiapterin to tetrahydrobiopterin -the terminal step in this biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin. This reaction is N-acetyl-serotonin-sensitive and can completely inhibit tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. (PMID: 3881214, 17303893, 3756924, 15223071).

Selenate

H2O4Se (145.9118)

Selenate, also known as selenic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as non-metal selanates. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a selenate as its largest oxoanion. Selenate can be found in a number of foods such as chives, naranjillas, moth beans, other soy products, black crowberries, rapes, acorns, and Alaska blueberries. Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry (Wikipedia). They are highly soluble in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures (Wikipedia). Selenate can be metabolized to methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-β-D-galactopyranoside (SeSug1) and methyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-1-seleno-β-D-galactopyranoside (SeSug3) (PMID: 25270623). Selenate is metabolized only marginally and is excreted rapidly via urine generally (PMID: 25270623). Sodium selenate is effectively used for bio-fortification of crops hence fortifying food/feed to mitigate selenium deficiency in humans and livestock (Wikipedia). The decahydrate is a common ingredient in multivitamins and livestock feed as a source of selenium (Wikipedia). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014131 - Trace Elements

Prostaglandin E3

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

Prostaglandin E3 is from the cyclooxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin E3 is from the cyclooxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.

Clorazepate

C16H11ClN2O3 (314.0458)

Clorazepate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA_A) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Diphenidol

C21H27NO (309.2093)

Diphenidol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiemetic agent used in the treatment of vomiting and vertigo. Diphenidol overdose may result in serious toxicity in children.The mechanism by which diphenidol exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not precisely known. It is thought to diminish vestibular stimulation and depress labyrinthine function and as an antimuscarinic agent. An action on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. Diphenidol has no significant sedative, tranquilizing, or antihistaminic action. It has a weak peripheral anticholinergic effect. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Olsalazine

C14H10N2O6 (302.0539)

Olsalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Olsalazine is a derivative of salicylic acid. Inactive by itself (it is a prodrug), it is converted by the bacteria in the colon to mesalamine. Mesalamine works as an anti-inflammatory agent in treating inflammatory diseases of the intestines. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EC - Aminosalicylic acid and similar agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

Proparacaine

C16H26N2O3 (294.1943)

Proparacaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is available as its hydrochloride salt in ophthalmic solutions at a concentration of 0.5\\%. [Wikipedia]The exact mechanism whereby proparacaine and other local anesthetics influence the permeability of the cell membrane is unknown; however, several studies indicate that local anesthetics may limit sodium ion permeability through the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane. Proparacaine may alter epithelial sodium channels through interaction with channel protein residues. This limitation prevents the fundamental change necessary for the generation of the action potential. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01H - Local anesthetics > S01HA - Local anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Ethosuximide

C7H11NO2 (141.079)

Ethosuximide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures. [PubChem]Binds to T-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the "low-voltage activated (LVA)" group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes. N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AD - Succinimide derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Lysergic acid

C16H16N2O2 (268.1212)

An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.

Phenindione

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Phenindione is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to warfarin, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)Phenindione inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decreased prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AA - Vitamin k antagonists C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants

Triethylenemelamine

C9H12N6 (204.1123)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is a primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide and of mafosfamide (an experimental drug) after they partially metabolized by cytochrome P450 (PMID: 12021633). Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic used to suppress the immune system and to treat several cancers including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. After cyclphosphamide is converted to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide it is then partially tautomerized into aldophosphamide, which easily enters live cells whereupon it is partially detoxified into inactive carboxycyclophosphamide by the enzyme ALDH. 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is also an intermediate metabolite in the formation of phosphoramide mustard, the active metabolite, and acrolein, the metabolite responsible for much of the toxicity associated with cyclophosphamides (PMID: 7059981). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is not cytotoxic at physiologic pH, readily diffuses into cells and spontaneously decomposes into the active phosphoramide mustard. In human liver microsomes, 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation correlates with known phenotypic markers of CYP2B6 activity, specifically formation of (S)-2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl pyrrolidine and hydroxybupropion. In addition, it is reported that the CYP2B6 genotype is not consistently related to 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation in vitro or in vivo (PMID: 21976622). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is only found in individuals who have consumed the drug cyclophosphamide. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Thiamylal

C12H18N2O2S (254.1089)

Thiamylal is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)Thiamylal binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Dyclonine

C18H27NO2 (289.2042)

Dyclonine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an oral anaesthetic found in Sucrets, an over the counter throat lozenge. It is also found in some varieties of the Cepacol sore throat spray.Dyclonine blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membranes permeability to sodium ions. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AD - Anesthetics, local D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Metipranolol

C17H27NO4 (309.194)

Metipranolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent. [PubChem]Although it is known that metipranolol binds the beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, the mechanism of metipranolols action is not known. It has no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and has only weak local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) and myocardial depressant activity. It appears that the ophthalmic beta-adrenergic blocking agents reduce aqueous humor production, as demonstrated by tonography and fluorophotometry. A slight increase in aqueous humor outflow may be an additional mechanism. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Metipranolol is a nonselective and orally active β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Metipranolol can be used for hypertension and glaucoma research[1][2].

Chlorphenesin

C9H11ClO3 (202.0397)

Chlorphenesin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)The mechanism of action of chlorphenesin is not well defined, and its effects are measured mainly by subjective responses. It is known that chlorphenesin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than directly on skeletal muscle. D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Bithionol

C12H6Cl4O2S (353.8843)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5307; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5304 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5340; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5338 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5314; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5313 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5289; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5286 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5359; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5357 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1364; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5336; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5335 D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AB - Preparations containing sulfur P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02B - Antitrematodals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent

Levomethadyl Acetate

C23H31NO2 (353.2355)

Levomethadyl Acetate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. [PubChem]Opiate receptors (Mu, Kappa, Delta) are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Levomethadyl acetate effectively opens calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP1 receptor agonist), resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BC - Drugs used in opioid dependence D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Iopanoic acid

C11H12I3NO2 (570.8002)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5478; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5476 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5462; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5461 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5564; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5494; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5489 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5462; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5460 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 349; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5485; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5483 V - Various > V08 - Contrast media > V08A - X-ray contrast media, iodinated > V08AC - Watersoluble, hepatotropic x-ray contrast media

Galegine

C6H13N3 (127.1109)

Dipropyl disulfide

C6H14S2 (150.0537)

Dipropyl disulfide, also known as 1,1-dithiodipropane or 4,5-dithiaoctane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkyldisulfides. These are organic compounds containing a disulfide group R-SS-R where R and R are both alkyl groups. Dipropyl disulfide is possibly neutral. Dipropyl disulfide is a burnt, earthy, and green tasting compound. Dipropyl disulfide has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as chives, cabbages, garden onions, nuts, and brassicas. Constituent of garlic, onion and other Allium subspecies Also present in raw cabbage, roast beef and roasted peanuts. Flavouring agent. Dipropyl disulfide is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, onion-family vegetables, brassicas, and allium (onion).

Miserotoxin

C9H17NO8 (267.0954)

A beta-D-glucoside having 3-nitropropyl as the anomeric alkyl group.

Cucurbitacin H

C30H46O8 (534.3193)

Asclepin

C31H42O10 (574.2778)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides

Candletoxin A

C35H44O9 (608.2985)

4,8,13-Duratriene-1,3-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Heliamine

C11H15NO2 (193.1103)

An isoquinoline that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.

Grosheimin

C15H18O4 (262.1205)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Sesquiterpenoids (3aR,4S,6aR,9S,9aR,9bR)-Octahydro-4-hydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-bis(methylene)azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22489-66-3 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 22489-66-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Multistatin

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

(R)-Pronuciferine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

Alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East India lotus). (R)-Pronuciferine is found in many foods, some of which are poppy, coffee and coffee products, sacred lotus, and cherimoya. (R)-Pronuciferine is found in cherimoya. (R)-Pronuciferine is an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East India lotus

Aucaparin

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

Aucuparin, also known as 3,5-dimethoxy-(1,1-biphenyl)-4-ol or 2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol, belongs to biphenyls and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond. Aucuparin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aucuparin can be found in loquat and rowanberry, which makes aucuparin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Chaksine

C22H38N6O4 (450.2954)

Ohioensin-A

C23H16O5 (372.0998)

Azaleatin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

Azaleatin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. Azaleatin is a natural product found in Rhododendron mucronulatum, Senna lindheimeriana, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. Azaleatin is an O-methylated flavonol isolated from Rhododendron species. Azaleatin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Azaleatin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes and obesity[1][2]. Azaleatin is an O-methylated flavonol isolated from Rhododendron species. Azaleatin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Azaleatin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes and obesity[1][2].

6-Hydroxyluteolin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad). 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in many foods, some of which are common thyme, mexican oregano, green vegetables, and lemon verbena. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is found in common thyme. 6-Hydroxyluteolin is isolated from Valerianella eriocarpa (Italian corn salad).

quercetagetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

5-O-Methylembelin

C18H28O4 (308.1987)

5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].

Candicine

C11H18NO+ (180.1388)

Candicine is a member of the class of compounds known as phenethylamines. Phenethylamines are compounds containing a phenethylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an ethan-1-amine. Candicine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Candicine can be found in barley, which makes candicine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Candicine is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton. It is the N,N,N-trimethyl derivative of the well-known biogenic amine tyramine, and, being a natural product with a positively charged nitrogen atom in its molecular structure, it is classed as an alkaloid. Although it is found in a variety of plants, including barley, its properties have not been extensively studied with modern techniques. Candicine is toxic after parenteral administration, producing symptoms of neuromuscular blockade; further details are given in the "Pharmacology" section below . Candicine is a member of the class of compounds known as phenethylamines. Phenethylamines are compounds containing a phenethylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an ethan-1-amine. Candicine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Candicine can be found in barley, which makes candicine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Candicine is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton. It is the N,N,N-trimethyl derivative of the well-known biogenic amine tyramine, and, being a natural product with a positively charged nitrogen atom in its molecular structure, it is classed as an alkaloid. Although it is found in a variety of plants, including barley, its properties have not been extensively studied with modern techniques. Candicine is toxic after parenteral administration, producing symptoms of neuromuscular blockade; further details are given in the "Pharmacology" section below.

Robustine

C12H9NO3 (215.0582)

A quinoline alkaloid that is furo[2,3-b]quinoline substituted by a methoxy and a hydroxy group at positions 4 and 8 respectively. Robustine, a furoquinoline alkaloid, from Dictamnus albus, exhibits inhibitory potency against human phosphodiesterase 5 (hPDE5A) in vitro[1]. Robustine, a furoquinoline alkaloid, from Dictamnus albus, exhibits inhibitory potency against human phosphodiesterase 5 (hPDE5A) in vitro[1].

wuweizisu C

C22H24O6 (384.1573)

schisandrin C is a natural product found in Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis with data available. Schisandrin C (Schizandrin-C) is a phytochemical lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis[1]. Schisandrin C has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory?and antioxidant effects. Schisandrin C is a molecular glue. Schisandrin C can be used for cancer, alzheimer’s disease, and liver diseases?research[2][3]. Schisandrin C induces cell apoptosis[1]. Schisandrin C (Schizandrin-C) is a phytochemical lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis[1]. Schisandrin C has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory?and antioxidant effects. Schisandrin C is a molecular glue. Schisandrin C can be used for cancer, alzheimer’s disease, and liver diseases?research[2][3]. Schisandrin C induces cell apoptosis[1].

nonactin

C40H64O12 (736.4398)

N-Tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate

C19H41NO3S (363.2807)

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate

C5H13O7P (216.0399)

2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate is a member of the class of compounds known as monoalkyl phosphates. Monoalkyl phosphates are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly one alkyl chain. 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as tea, narrowleaf cattail, chickpea, and rocket salad (sspecies), which makes 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Xanomeline tartrate

C14H23N3OS (281.1562)

Same as: D06330 Xanomeline, as an effective and selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M1/M4) receptor agonist, increases neuronal excitability. Xanomeline can be used for the research of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia[1][2].

Levonordefrin

C9H13NO3 (183.0895)

Levonordefrin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It acts as a topical nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor, most often used in dentistry.It is designed to mimic the molecular shape of adrenaline. It binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucosa. Here it can, therefore, cause vasoconstriction C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Same as: D02388 Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations. Levonordefrin is generally considered equivalent to epinephrine[1].

FA 7:1

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

oritavancin

C86H97Cl3N10O26 (1790.5641)

A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01X - Other antibacterials > J01XA - Glycopeptide antibacterials C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C61101 - Glycopeptide Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents

Ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

Ascomycin is a macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent, an antifungal agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is a macrolide, an ether, a lactol and a secondary alcohol. Ascomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and Streptomyces ascomycinicus with data available. A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Ascomycin (Immunomycin; FR-900520; FK520) is an ethyl analog of Tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties. Ascomycin is also a macrocyclic polyketide antibiotic with multiple biological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-fungal and anti-spasmodic. Ascomycin prevents graft rejection and has potential for varying skin ailments research[1][2].

Crinine

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

Powellin

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

Cyclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

Cyclacillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cyclohexylamido analog of penicillanic acid. [PubChem]The bactericidal activity of cyclacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cyclacillin is stable in the presence of a variety of b-lactamases, including penicillinases and some cephalosporinases. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01334

Tannic acid

C76H52O46 (1700.173)

Clarifying agent for beer and wine; flavour enhancer, colour modifier, pH control agent. Permitted boiler water additive in generation of steam for use in food contact processes Same as: D01959 Tannic acid is a novel hERG channel blocker with IC50 of 3.4 μM. Tannic acid is a novel hERG channel blocker with IC50 of 3.4 μM.

4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid

C14H10N2O10S2 (429.9777)

Domoic acid

C15H21NO6 (311.1369)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Isodomoic acid F is found in mollusks. Isodomoic acid F is isolated from mussels. Isolated from mussels. Isodomoic acid F is found in mollusks.

Selfotel

C7H14NO5P (223.061)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Same as: D02410

Adrenoyl ethanolamide

C24H41NO2 (375.3137)

Adrenoyl ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249) [HMDB] Adrenoyl ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249).

MG(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0/0:0)

C23H38O4 (378.277)

MG(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0/0:0) is a monoacylglyceride. A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage. Monoacylglycerol can be broadly divided into two groups; 1-monoacylglycerols (or 3-monoacylglycerols) and 2-monoacylglycerols, depending on the position of the ester bond on the glycerol moiety. Normally the 1-/3-isomers are not distinguished from each other and are termed alpha-monoacylglycerols, while the 2-isomers are beta-monoacylglycerols. Monoacylglycerols are formed biochemically via release of a fatty acid from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase or hormone sensitive lipase. Monoacylglycerols are broken down by monoacylglycerol lipase. They tend to be minor components only of most plant and animal tissues, and indeed would not be expected to accumulate because their strong detergent properties would have a disruptive effect on membranes. 2-Monoacylglycerols are a major end product of the intestinal digestion of dietary fats in animals via the enzyme pancreatic lipase. They are taken up directly by the intestinal cells and converted to triacylglycerols via the monoacylglycerol pathway before being transported in lymph to the liver. Mono- and Diglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities. They act as emulsifiers, helping to mix ingredients such as oil and water that would not otherwise blend well.

PS(16:0/18:1(9Z))

C40H76NO10P (761.5207)

PS(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylserine (PS or GPSer). It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PS(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of oleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the oleic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils, especially olive and canola oil. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants and microorganisms. It is usually less than 10\\% of the total phospholipids, the greatest concentration being in myelin from brain tissue. However, it may comprise 10 to 20 mol\\% of the total phospholipid in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of the cell. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups, i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl function. As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate to calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine, especially during bone formation for example. As phosphatidylserine is located entirely on the inner monolayer surface of the plasma membrane (and of other cellular membranes) and it is the most abundant anionic phospholipids. Therefore phosphatidylseriine may make the largest contribution to interfacial effects in membranes involving non-specific electrostatic interactions. This normal distribution is disturbed during platelet activation and cellular apoptosis. In human plasma, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl species predominate, but in brain (especially grey matter), retina and many other tissues 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl species are very abundant. Indeed, the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in brain phosphatidylserine is very much higher than in most other lipids. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE. PS(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 atoms. PS(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one hexadecanoyl chain to the C-1 atom, and one 9Z-octadecenoyl to the C-2 atom. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups, i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl function. As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate to calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.

Heptachlor

C10H5Cl7 (369.8211)

Heptachlor is a manufactured chemical and doesn't occur naturally. Pure heptachlor is a white powder that smells like camphor (mothballs). The less pure grade is tan. Trade names include Heptagran®, Basaklor®, Drinox®, Soleptax®, Termide®, and Velsicol 104®. Heptachlor was used extensively in the past for killing insects in homes, buildings, and on food crops, especially corn. These uses stopped in 1988. Currently it can only be used for fire ant control in power transformers. Heptachlor epoxide is also a white powder. Bacteria and animals break down heptachlor to form heptachlor epoxide. The epoxide is more likely to be found in the environment than heptachlor. D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D012989 - Soil Pollutants D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Heptachlor. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=76-44-8 (retrieved 2024-10-28) (CAS RN: 76-44-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Aurin

C19H14O3 (290.0943)

2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl is a tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines. It is a tetrachlorobiphenyl and a dichlorobenzene. D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine

C18H16N2 (260.1313)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants

Stilben-4-ol

C14H12O (196.0888)

Hepoxilin B3

C20H32O4 (336.23)

Hepoxilin B3 is a normal human epidermis eicosanoid. Hepoxilin B3 is dramatically elevated in psoriatic lesions. The primary biological action of the hepoxilins appears to relate to their ability to release calcium from intracellular stores through a receptor-mediated action. The receptor is intracellular, and appears to be G-protein coupled. The conversion of hepoxilin into its omega-hydroxy catabolite has recently been demonstrated through the action of an omega-hydroxylase. This enzyme is different from that which oxidizes leukotriene B4, as the former activity is lost when the cell is disrupted, while leukotriene B4-catabolic activity is recovered in both the intact and disrupted cell. Additionally, hepoxilin catabolism is inhibited by CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, while leukotriene catabolism is unaffected. As hepoxilins cause the translocation of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, it is speculated that hepoxilin omega-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria, and the omega-oxidation product facilitates accumulation of the elevated cytosolic calcium by the mitochondria. (PMID 10692117, 11851887, 10086189) [HMDB] Hepoxilin B3 is a normal human epidermis eicosanoid. Hepoxilin B3 is dramatically elevated in psoriatic lesions. The primary biological action of the hepoxilins appears to relate to their ability to release calcium from intracellular stores through a receptor-mediated action. The receptor is intracellular, and appears to be G-protein coupled. The conversion of hepoxilin into its omega-hydroxy catabolite has recently been demonstrated through the action of an omega-hydroxylase. This enzyme is different from that which oxidizes leukotriene B4, as the former activity is lost when the cell is disrupted, while leukotriene B4-catabolic activity is recovered in both the intact and disrupted cell. Additionally, hepoxilin catabolism is inhibited by CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, while leukotriene catabolism is unaffected. As hepoxilins cause the translocation of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, it is speculated that hepoxilin omega-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria, and the omega-oxidation product facilitates accumulation of the elevated cytosolic calcium by the mitochondria. (PMID 10692117, 11851887, 10086189).

Troxilin B3

C20H34O5 (354.2406)

Troxilin B3 is the enzymatically formed derivative of Hepoxilin B3. Normal human epidermis incubated with exogenous AA produces 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxo-ETE), hepoxilin A3 (HxA3), and hepoxilin B3 (HxB3) through the 12- Lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. 12-LO is the major arachidonic acid (AA) oxygenation pathway in epidermal cells with total product formation generally exceeding cyclooxygenase activity. Platelet-type 12-LO has been found to be the predominant isoenzyme expressed in human and murine skin epidermis. Increased levels of nonesterified hepoxilins and trioxilins occur in the psoriatic scales. Normal human epidermis synthesized only one of the two possible 10-hydroxy epimers of HxB3 whose formation is probably catalyzed by 12-LO. Hepoxilins exert action on plasma permeability on skin, and induce a specific-receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilization from endogenous sources and the release of AA and diacylglycerols. (PMID: 11851887) [HMDB] Troxilin B3 is the enzymatically formed derivative of Hepoxilin B3. Normal human epidermis incubated with exogenous AA produces 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxo-ETE), hepoxilin A3 (HxA3), and hepoxilin B3 (HxB3) through the 12- Lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. 12-LO is the major arachidonic acid (AA) oxygenation pathway in epidermal cells with total product formation generally exceeding cyclooxygenase activity. Platelet-type 12-LO has been found to be the predominant isoenzyme expressed in human and murine skin epidermis. Increased levels of nonesterified hepoxilins and trioxilins occur in the psoriatic scales. Normal human epidermis synthesized only one of the two possible 10-hydroxy epimers of HxB3 whose formation is probably catalyzed by 12-LO. Hepoxilins exert action on plasma permeability on skin, and induce a specific-receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilization from endogenous sources and the release of AA and diacylglycerols. (PMID: 11851887).

coelenterazine

C26H21N3O3 (423.1583)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents

Deforolimus

C53H84NO14P (989.5629)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01E - Protein kinase inhibitors > L01EG - Mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2201 - mTOR Inhibitor Same as: D08900

CE(18:2(9Z,12Z))

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694) [HMDB] Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694). Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

Complestatin

C61H45Cl6N7O15 (1325.1105)

A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of N-acylated trytophan, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycyl, tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residues joined in sequence and in which the side-chain of the central 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residue is attached to the side-chain of the tryptophan via a C3-C6 bond and to the side-chain of the tyrosine via an ether bond from C5. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity.

Angiotensin (1-9)

C56H78N16O13 (1182.5934)

A nine amino acid peptide which is formed when angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) hydrolyzes the carboxy terminal leucine from angiotensin I. It is a anti-cardiac hypertrophy agent. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Cis-stilbene oxide

C14H12O (196.0888)

Cis-stilbene oxide is part of the Bile secretion pathway. It is a substrate for: Epoxide hydrolase 1.

DG(14:0/14:0/0:0)

C31H60O5 (512.4441)

DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is a diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol (DAG). It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0), in particular, consists of two chains of myristic acid at the C-1 and C-2 positions. The myristic acid moieties are derived from nutmeg and butter. Mono- and diacylglycerols are common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water, which would not otherwise blend well. Dacylglycerols are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections. Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.

Islandicin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Isovaltrate

C22H30O8 (422.1941)

mycalolide b

C52H74N4O17 (1026.5049)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins

Anabaseine

C10H12N2 (160.1)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Anabaseine is a non-selective nicotinic agonist. Anabaseine stimulates all AChRs, preferentially stimulates skeletal muscle and brain α7 subtypes[1][2]. Anabaseine is also a weak partial agonist at α4β2 nAChRs[3].

Chavicol

C9H10O (134.0732)

Chavicol is found in allspice. Chavicol is found in many essential oils, e.g. anise and Gardenia. Chavicol is used in perfumery and flavours. Found in many essential oils, e.g. anise and Gardenia. It is used in perfumery and flavours.

3-Bromotyrosine

C9H10BrNO3 (258.9844)

3-Bromotyrosine(BY) is generated from the halogenation of tyrosine residues in plasma proteins via the enzyme Eosinophil peroxidase. The presence of free bromotyrosine in blood or urine is the result of enzymatic degradation of these brominated proteins. A significantly higher concentration of BY was observed in the urine from asthmatic patients than in that from healthy control subjects (PMID: 15196282). Bromotyrosine may be useful for monitoring the activation of eosinophils in asthmatic patients. 3-Bromotyrosine(BY) is generated from the halogenation of tyrosine residues in plasma proteins via the enzyme Eosinophil peroxidase. A significantly higher concentration of BY was observed in the urine from asthmatic patients than in that from healthy control subjects (PMID: 15196282). [HMDB]

Filiformin

C15H19BrO (294.0619)

Pellidole

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

Ferrous lactate

C6H12FeO6 (235.9983)

alpha-Cyperene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Isolated from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and other plants. alpha-Cyperene is found in burdock and root vegetables. alpha-Cyperene is found in burdock. alpha-Cyperene is isolated from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and other plant

Dopamine quinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101). Dopamine quinone is produce by the reaction between dopamine and oxygen, with water as the byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by the tyrosinase precursor. Dopamine-quinone is synthesized by oxidation of the catechol ring of dopamine. If this occurs within the neuronal cytosol, the quinone may react with cytosolic components, particularly with cysteine residues. (PMID: 12835101)

Sarcostin

C21H34O6 (382.2355)

Acetylatractylodinol

C15H12O3 (240.0786)

Acetylatractylodinol, isolated from Atractylodes lancea, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. Acetylatractylodinol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Acetylatractylodinol, isolated from Atractylodes lancea, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. Acetylatractylodinol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Delnatex

C12H26O6P2S4 (456.0087)

DL-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.

3-aminoalanine

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. KEIO_ID D037

XANOMELINE

C14H23N3OS (281.1562)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs Same as: D06330 Xanomeline, as an effective and selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M1/M4) receptor agonist, increases neuronal excitability. Xanomeline can be used for the research of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia[1][2].

Schaftoside

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid 8-c-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside can be found in herbs and spices, which makes apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1].

Canadine

C20H21NO4 (339.1471)

Canadine is a berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an aromatic ether and an oxacycle. Canadine is a natural product found in Glaucium squamigerum, Hydrastis canadensis, and other organisms with data available. A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Corydalis Corydalis, with uM-level affinity for D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Tetrahydroberberine is a different kind of living thing that can be extended and divided into parts. Tetrahydroberberine is a kind of effective D2 receptor antagonistic force. Tetrahydroberberine has the ability to strengthen the stomach and relieve the pressure on the stomach[1][2][3]. Tetrahydroberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Corydalis Corydalis, with uM-level affinity for D2 and 5-HT1A receptors.

skrofulein

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsimaritin is a natural product found in Achillea santolina, Schoenia cassiniana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of).

Methadyl Acetate

C23H31NO2 (353.2355)

Methadyl Acetate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. [PubChem]Methadyl Acetate is primarily a mu-type opioid receptor agonist. It functions similarily to methadone. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

(+)-Lysergic acid

C16H16N2O2 (268.1212)

Keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid

C8H14O8 (238.0689)

4-(Phosphonomethyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid

C7H14NO5P (223.061)

4-Hydroxystilbene

C14H12O (196.0888)

(R)-5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chroman-4-one

C21H22O10 (434.1213)

Prunin, also known as pru du 6.01 protein, prunus, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Prunin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Prunin is a bitter tasting compound found in almond, garden tomato (variety), peach, and pine nut, which makes prunin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Prunin is a flavanone glycoside found in immature citrus fruits and in tomatoes. Its aglycone form is called naringenin . Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2]. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2].

Afimoxifene

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

Bufogenin

C24H32O4 (384.23)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

Celestone

C22H29FO5 (392.1999)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Chebulagic acid

C41H30O27 (954.0974)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.

Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

Coelenterazine

C26H21N3O3 (423.1583)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents

Diacetazotol

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

Histidinyl-Leucine

C12H20N4O3 (268.1535)

Methyl red

C15H15N3O2 (269.1164)

D004396 - Coloring Agents

sitostanol

C29H52O (416.4018)

Constituent of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), sweet corn (Zea mays) and Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus). Stigmastanol is found in many foods, some of which are corn, fats and oils, pepper (spice), and soy bean. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68422 - Saturated Phytosterol D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2]. Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2].

Stilbene oxide

C14H12O (196.0888)

THIODICARB

C10H18N4O4S3 (354.049)

Isoferulic acid

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Isoferulic acid (CAS: 537-73-5) is a chlorogenic acid (CGA). CGAs are formed by the esterification of hydroxycinnamic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. CGAs are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses, and coffee is the most consumed food product in the world. Isoferulic acid is present in normal human urine in concentrations of 0.05-2.07 umol/mmol creatinine at baseline, and reaches 0.2-9.6 umol/mmol creatinine in four hours after a cup of coffee, with a large inter-individual variation (PMID:17884997). Isoferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as a metabolite, a biomarker and an antioxidant. Isoferulic acid is a natural product found in Sibiraea angustata, Astragalus onobrychis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). It is used as a food additive; listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan 2001) Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2]. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2].

Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Calea jamaicensis, and other organisms with data available. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

AC1L9DW8

C22H24O6 (384.1573)

Wuweizisu C is a tannin. Schizandrin C is a natural product found in Kadsura heteroclita, Schisandra bicolor, and other organisms with data available. See also: Schisandra chinensis fruit (part of). Schisandrin C (Schizandrin-C) is a phytochemical lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis[1]. Schisandrin C has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory?and antioxidant effects. Schisandrin C is a molecular glue. Schisandrin C can be used for cancer, alzheimer’s disease, and liver diseases?research[2][3]. Schisandrin C induces cell apoptosis[1]. Schisandrin C (Schizandrin-C) is a phytochemical lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis[1]. Schisandrin C has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory?and antioxidant effects. Schisandrin C is a molecular glue. Schisandrin C can be used for cancer, alzheimer’s disease, and liver diseases?research[2][3]. Schisandrin C induces cell apoptosis[1].

Glycitin

C22H22O10 (446.1213)

Glycitin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a methoxyisoflavone, a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. Glycitin is a natural product found in Sorbus cuspidata, Ziziphus spina-christi, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.

Isoferulic acid

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Isoferulic acid (CAS: 537-73-5) is a chlorogenic acid (CGA). CGAs are formed by the esterification of hydroxycinnamic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. CGAs are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses, and coffee is the most consumed food product in the world. Isoferulic acid is present in normal human urine in concentrations of 0.05-2.07 umol/mmol creatinine at baseline, and reaches 0.2-9.6 umol/mmol creatinine in four hours after a cup of coffee, with a large inter-individual variation (PMID:17884997). Isoferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as a metabolite, a biomarker and an antioxidant. Isoferulic acid is a natural product found in Sibiraea angustata, Astragalus onobrychis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. It is used as a food additive; listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan 2001) Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2]. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2].

Pinobanksin

C15H12O5 (272.0685)

Pinobanksin is a trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7. It has a role as an antimutagen, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavanone and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. Pinobanksin is a natural product found in Populus koreana, Ozothamnus stirlingii, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7. Pinobanksin has apoptotic induction in a B-cell lymphoma cell line[1].

Eriocitrin

C27H32O15 (596.1741)

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a trihydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1]. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1].

Prunin

C21H22O10 (434.1213)

Naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an antilipemic drug and an antibacterial agent. It is a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Prunin is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Podocarpus nivalis, and other organisms with data available. A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2]. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2].

Harmaline

C13H14N2O (214.1106)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.572 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.569 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.563 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.565 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Thujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

Hepoxilin a

C20H32O4 (336.23)

Gibberellin A19

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins A C20-gibberellin.

Coronaridine

C21H26N2O2 (338.1994)

(-)-coronaridine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H26N2O2. It is isolated from the flowering plant genus, Tabernaemontana. It has a role as an antileishmanial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and an alkaloid ester. It is a conjugate base of a (-)-coronaridine(1+). Coronaridine is a natural product found in Voacanga schweinfurthii, Tabernanthe iboga, and other organisms with data available. A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H26N2O2. It is isolated from the flowering plant genus, Tabernaemontana. Coronaridine, an iboga type alkaloid, inhibits the wnt signaling pathway by decreasing β-catenin expression[1]. Coronaridine, an iboga type alkaloid, inhibits the wnt signaling pathway by decreasing β-catenin expression[1].

75O1TFF47Z

C24H34O6 (418.2355)

Phyllanthin is a lignan. Phyllanthin is a natural product found in Phyllanthus debilis, Phyllanthus amarus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Phyllanthus amarus top (part of). Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1]. Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1].

Quercetagetin

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

Quercetagetin is a hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of flavonols and a hexahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. Quercetagetin is a natural product found in Calanticaria bicolor, Tagetes subulata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of). A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Loganic acid

C16H24O10 (376.1369)

8-Epiloganic acid is a natural product found in Plantago atrata, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. 8-Epiloganic acid, an iridoid glucoside, can be found in Linaria cymbalaria (Scrophulariaceae)[1]. 8-Epiloganic acid, an iridoid glucoside, can be found in Linaria cymbalaria (Scrophulariaceae)[1]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2]. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity[1][2].

5-O-Methylembelin

C18H28O4 (308.1987)

5-O-methyl embelin is a member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is embelin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antileishmanial activity as well as inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as a metabolite, a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antileishmanial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an enol ether and a member of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones. It is functionally related to an embelin. 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural product found in Lysimachia punctata, Embelia schimperi, and other organisms with data available. 5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].

nitrazepam

C15H11N3O3 (281.08)

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (Wests syndrome). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1535

6-acetylmorphine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1574

5-Oxoete

C20H30O3 (318.2195)

An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 5-oxo group; and (6E)-, (8Z), (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.

Norephedrine

C9H13NO (151.0997)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01B - Nasal decongestants for systemic use > R01BA - Sympathomimetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D014663 - Nasal Decongestants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3684

gamma-Glutamylglutamine

C10H17N3O6 (275.1117)

H-γ-Glu-Gln-OH is a hydrophilic peptide and can be conjugated to drugs. The carrier composed of H-γ-Glu-Gln-OH has the characteristics of high water solubility and drug-loading capacity, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, improved tumor targeting ability, and anti-tumor efficacy[1].

Stigmastanol

C29H52O (416.4018)

Stigmastanol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-stigmastane. Stigmastanol is a natural product found in Alnus japonica, Dracaena cinnabari, and other organisms with data available. Stigmastanol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and a saturated bond in position 5-6 of the B ring. See also: Saw Palmetto (part of). A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68422 - Saturated Phytosterol D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2]. Stigmastanol is the 6-amino derivative isolated from Hypericum riparium. Hypericum riparium A. Chev. is a Cameroonian medicinal plant belonging to the family Guttiferae[1][2].

Pergolide

C19H26N2S (314.1817)

N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04B - Dopaminergic agents > N04BC - Dopamine agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.736 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.732 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.731

alpha-Ergocryptine

C32H41N5O5 (575.3108)

Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12, 2 and 5 positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3, 6, and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.085 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.083 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.081 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.080

Ergocornine

C31H39N5O5 (561.2951)

Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12 position, isopropyl groups at the 2 and 5alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3, 6, and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.024 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.021 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.017

Isoalantolactone

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.234 Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.

Carbimazole

C7H10N2O2S (186.0463)

H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BB - Sulfur-containing imidazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6042; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6040 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6076; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6074 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6087; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 719; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6102; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6100

N-Acetyl-L-leucine

C8H15NO3 (173.1052)

The N-acetyl derivative of L-leucine. N-Acetyl-L-leucine is an endogenous metabolite.

Tridecylic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

Cimifugin

C16H18O6 (306.1103)

Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions[1]. Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS[2]. Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions[1]. Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS[2].

ergocryptine

C32H41N5O5 (575.3108)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists CONFIDENCE Claviceps purpurea sclerotia

Phenylacetylglutamine

C13H16N2O4 (264.111)

Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.

Salicyluric acid

C9H9NO4 (195.0532)

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxybenzoyl. Salicyluric acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Suberic acid

C8H14O4 (174.0892)

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane. Suberic acid (Octanedioic acid) is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency. Suberic acid (Octanedioic acid) is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency.

2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics

nerol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

FLUPERLAPINE

C19H20FN3 (309.1641)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist

Icarin

C33H40O15 (676.2367)

mesoridazine

C21H26N2OS2 (386.1486)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AC - Phenothiazines with piperidine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent

Methohexital

C14H18N2O3 (262.1317)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CA - Barbiturates, plain N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AF - Barbiturates, plain C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate

N-Methylanthranilic acid

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

An aromatic amino acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver[1].

oxymorphone

C17H19NO4 (301.1314)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AA - Natural opium alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

N-Acetylhistamine

C7H11N3O (153.0902)

A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide comprising histamine having an acetyl group attached to the side-chain amino function. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions. N-Acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions.

7-Aminocephalosporanic acid

C10H12N2O5S (272.0467)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

Quassin

C22H28O6 (388.1886)

Quassin is a triterpenoid. 2,12-Dimethoxypicrasa-2,12-diene-1,11,16-trione is a natural product found in Picrasma quassioides, Quassia amara, and other organisms with data available.

Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

bis(3-aminopropyl)amine

C6H17N3 (131.1422)

phenindione

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AA - Vitamin k antagonists C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants

estazolam

C16H11ClN4 (294.0672)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

4-hydroxytamoxifen

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2716

gamma-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

A cyclic carotene obtained by the cyclisation of lycopene. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Lumichrome

C12H10N4O2 (242.0804)

A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism[1][2].

CYCLOPENTANONE

C5H8O (84.0575)

ethosuximide

C7H11NO2 (141.079)

N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AD - Succinimide derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Veraguensin

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

Veraguensin is a lignan compound derived from Magnolia sp.. Veraguensin can inhibit bone resorption[1] Veraguensin is a lignan compound derived from Magnolia sp.. Veraguensin can inhibit bone resorption[1]

5-heptenoic acid

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

CHOLESTERYL LINOLEATE

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

glutaconyl-CoA

C26H40N7O19P3S (879.1312)

Methadyl acetate

C23H31NO2 (353.2355)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Topanel

C4H6O (70.0419)

C13:0

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

Prostaglandin E3

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

8R-HPETE

C20H32O4 (336.23)

Resolvin D2

C22H32O5 (376.225)

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer).

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

SFE 11:5

C11H12O2 (176.0837)

PS 34:1

C40H76NO10P (761.5207)

A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.

ST 27:1;O

C27H46O (386.3548)

ST 27:1

C27H46 (370.3599)

Geranyl diphosphate

C10H20O7P2 (314.0684)

The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.

Cyperene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Coenzyme Q9

C54H82O4 (794.6213)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis[1][2]. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis[1][2].

DNDS

C14H10N2O10S2 (429.9777)

4-CHLOROANILINE

C6H6ClN (127.0189)

1-Methyladenine

C6H7N5 (149.0701)

Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.

Stilbene oxide

C14H12O (196.0888)

Coenzyme A, S-(hydrogen methylpropanedioate)

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

Ridaforolimus

C53H84NO14P (989.5629)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01E - Protein kinase inhibitors > L01EG - Mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2201 - mTOR Inhibitor

Masoprocol

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3].

Levonordefrin

C9H13NO3 (183.0895)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Same as: D02388 Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations. Levonordefrin is generally considered equivalent to epinephrine[1].

Cyclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Aurin

C19H14O3 (290.0943)

Liquidambar styraciflua

C76H52O46 (1700.173)

viminalol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. alpha-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Eupatorium perfoliatum whole (part of) ... View More ...

Zingiberene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Zingiberene is 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale. It is a sesquiterpene and a cyclohexadiene. It is an enantiomer of an ent-zingiberene. Zingiberene is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum azoricum, Helichrysum odoratissimum, and other organisms with data available.

cuminal

C10H12O (148.0888)

Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1]. Cuminaldehyde is the major component of Cuminum cyminum, a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity[1].

Dodecanal

C12H24O (184.1827)

90-18-6

C15H10O8 (318.0376)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Chavicol

C9H10O (134.0732)

1330-91-2

C24H38O4 (390.277)

AIDS-071717

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

5353-15-1

C12H16O3 (208.1099)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

Veratral

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

ANISIC ACID

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

AI3-05924

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver[1].

537-73-5

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a cinnamic acid derivative that has antidiabetic activity. Isoferulic acid binds to and activates α1-adrenergic receptors (IC50=1.4 μM) to enhance secretion of β-endorphin (EC50=52.2 nM) and increase glucose use. Isoferulic acid also has anti-influenza virus activities. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2]. trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[2].

skrofulein

C17H14O6 (314.079)

SSP-SSP

C6H14S2 (150.0537)

Actinex

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3].

29307-60-6

C23H34O15 (550.1898)

Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities. Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

CHEBI:28113

C30H52O (428.4018)

cyclohexenone

C6H8O (96.0575)

Shionone

C30H50O (426.3861)

Shionone is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is perhydrochrysene which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 4bbeta, 6aalpha, 8beta, 10abeta and 12a positions, by a 4-methylpent-3-enyl group at the 8alpha position, and with an oxo group at position 2. It is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Shionone is a natural product found in Aster baccharoides, Aster poliothamnus, and other organisms with data available. Shionone is the major triterpenoid isolated from Aster tataricus, has anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Shionone possesses a unique six-membered tetracyclic skeleton and 3-oxo-4-monomethyl structure[1]. Shionone is the major triterpenoid isolated from Aster tataricus, has anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Shionone possesses a unique six-membered tetracyclic skeleton and 3-oxo-4-monomethyl structure[1].

AI3-31148

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.

Candicine

C11H18NO+ (180.1388)

Isohelenin

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antifungal agent and a plant metabolite. It is a sesquiterpene lactone and a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid. Isoalantolactone is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Critonia quadrangularis, and other organisms with data available. A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent. Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.

Jujuboside

C52H84O21 (1044.5505)

Jujuboside B is a triterpenoid. Jujuboside B is a natural product found in Ziziphus spina-christi, Ziziphus jujuba, and Hovenia dulcis with data available. Jujuboside B is one of the major bioactive constituents isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Jujuboside B can inhibit platelet aggregation[1]. Jujuboside B is one of the major bioactive constituents isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Jujuboside B can inhibit platelet aggregation[1].

Araloside_A

C47H74O18 (926.4875)

Chikusetsusaponin-IV is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite. Araloside A is a natural product found in Kalopanax septemlobus, Bassia muricata, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Panax japonicus var. major. Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) is a component of Panax japonicus, with low-renin-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 77.4 μM[1]. Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) is a component of Panax japonicus, with low-renin-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 77.4 μM[1].

Nepetalactone

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Cis-trans-nepetalactone is a cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aR-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It is an aphid sex pheromone and cat attractant, and exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic properties. It has a role as a pheromone, a plant metabolite, an insect attractant, an analgesic, an insect repellent, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is an iridoid monoterpenoid and a cyclopentapyran. Nepetalactone cis-trans-form is a natural product found in Nepeta cataria, Nepeta tuberosa, and Nepeta racemosa with data available. A cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aR-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It is an aphid sex pheromone and cat attractant, and exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic properties. 4aα,7α,7aα-Nepetalactone exhibits antibacterial activity, and inhibits Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Enterococcus faecalis.

Homotaurine

C3H9NO3S (139.0303)

3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available. A tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position.

Didrovaltrat

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

Didrovaltratum is an iridoid monoterpenoid. Didrovaltrate is a natural product found in Valeriana pulchella, Fedia cornucopiae, and other organisms with data available. See also: Viburnum opulus bark (has part). C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

CYCLOPENTANOL

C5H10O (86.0732)

(+)-Camphene

C10H16 (136.1252)

A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.

bithionol

C12H6Cl4O2S (353.8843)

D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AB - Preparations containing sulfur P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02B - Antitrematodals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent

Pyridaben

C19H25ClN2OS (364.1376)

Triazophos

C12H16N3O3PS (313.065)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Crotonaldehyde

C4H6O (70.0419)

dicyclomine

C19H35NO2 (309.2668)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AA - Synthetic anticholinergics, esters with tertiary amino group C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

IOPANOIC ACID

C11H12I3NO2 (570.8002)

V - Various > V08 - Contrast media > V08A - X-ray contrast media, iodinated > V08AC - Watersoluble, hepatotropic x-ray contrast media

tretamine

C9H12N6 (204.1123)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

hydroxyprogesterone caproate

C27H40O4 (428.2926)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Diethylpropion

C13H19NO (205.1467)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A08 - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08A - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08AA - Centrally acting antiobesity products C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29728 - Anorexiant

m-Phenylenediamine

C6H8N2 (108.0687)

chlorphenesin

C9H11ClO3 (202.0397)

D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Metipranolol

C17H27NO4 (309.194)

3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Metipranolol is a nonselective and orally active β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Metipranolol can be used for hypertension and glaucoma research[1][2].

MeIQx

C11H11N5 (213.1014)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Phenyl phosphate

C6H7O4P (174.0082)

An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.

Octylamine

C8H19N (129.1517)

p-Allylphenol

C9H10O (134.0732)

dyclonine

C18H27NO2 (289.2042)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AD - Anesthetics, local D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Propyl disulfide

C6H14S2 (150.0537)

An organic disulfide where the alkyl groups specified are propyl. It is a component of the essential oils obtained from Allium.

proparacaine

C16H26N2O3 (294.1943)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01H - Local anesthetics > S01HA - Local anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

thiamylal

C12H18N2O2S (254.1089)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

isoetarine

C13H21NO3 (239.1521)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents

Difenidol

C21H27NO (309.2093)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Clorazepic acid

C16H11ClN2O3 (314.0458)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

SELENIC ACID

H2O4Se (145.9118)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014131 - Trace Elements

Levacetylmethadol

C23H31NO2 (353.2355)

N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BC - Drugs used in opioid dependence D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Olsalazine

C14H10N2O6 (302.0539)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EC - Aminosalicylic acid and similar agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

Triphosphoric acid

H5O10P3 (257.9096)

Isonicotinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

Cholest-5-ene

C27H46 (370.3599)

4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid

C14H10N2O10S2 (429.9777)

Iron(II) lactate hydrate

C6H12FeO6 (235.9983)

DL-Arginine

C6H14N4O2 (174.1117)

DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.

Cinnabarinic acid

C14H8N2O6 (300.0382)

Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis[1].

Anabaseine

C10H12N2 (160.1)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Anabaseine is a non-selective nicotinic agonist. Anabaseine stimulates all AChRs, preferentially stimulates skeletal muscle and brain α7 subtypes[1][2]. Anabaseine is also a weak partial agonist at α4β2 nAChRs[3].

2-Phosphoglycolic Acid

C2H5O6P (155.9824)

The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.

5beta-cholestan-3-one

C27H46O (386.3548)

A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestane substituted by an oxo group at position 3.

D-Arabinose 5-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

The 5-phospho derivative of D-arabinose. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.

1-Hydroxyisoquinoline

C9H7NO (145.0528)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C11H15NO2 (193.1103)

Aucuparin

C14H14O3 (230.0943)

4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

20-Hydroxycholesterol

C27H46O2 (402.3498)

An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. 20(S)-hydroxyCholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo) that activates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with an EC50 of 3 μM in a gene transcription reporter assay using NIH3T3 cells[1][2].

Nicotinate mononucleotide

C11H15NO9P+ (336.0484)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

5-Methyl-2-deoxycytidine

C10H15N3O4 (241.1063)

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2]. 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

Diacetazotol

C18H19N3O2 (309.1477)

N,N-Dimethyladenosine

C12H17N5O4 (295.128)

N6,N6-Dimethyladenosine is a modified ribonucleoside previously found in rRNA, and also exhibits in mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin tRNA[1].

Dopaminoquinone

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

A member of the class of 1,2-benzoquinones that is 1,2-benzoquinone in which a hydrogen at para to one of the oxo groups has been replaced by a 2-aminoethyl group.

(+)-Pronuciferine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.

(2S)-3-hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl didecanoate

C23H44O5 (400.3189)

5-Hydroxykynurenamine

C9H12N2O2 (180.0899)

A hydroxykynurenamine where the hydroxy group is located at the 5-position.

formyl CoA

C22H36N7O17P3S (795.1101)

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of formic acid.

6-acetamido-2-oxohexanoic acid

C8H13NO4 (187.0845)

A member of the class of acetamides that is the acetyl derivative of 6-amino-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine

C6H8N4 (136.0749)

Histidylleucine

C12H20N4O3 (268.1535)

Cholesten

C27H48 (372.3756)

6,7-dihydropteridine

C6H6N4 (134.0592)

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate

C8H14O8 (238.0689)

2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

C14H23N4O8P2S+ (469.0712)

(+)-Lysergic acid

C16H16N2O2 (268.1212)

3-bromotyrosine

C9H10BrNO3 (258.9844)

Isocolumbin

C20H22O6 (358.1416)

8(R)-HPETE

C20H32O4 (336.23)

The (R)-enantiomer of 8-HPETE.

(2S,4R,5S)-tetrahydropyran-2,4,5-triol

C5H10O4 (134.0579)

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine

C21H35N9O15P2 (715.1728)

Ciclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01334

CE 18:2

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate. Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

acetochlor

C14H20ClNO2 (269.1182)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Dioxindole

C8H7NO2 (149.0477)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

heptachlor

C10H5Cl7 (369.8211)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D012989 - Soil Pollutants D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Azinphos-methyl

C10H12N3O3PS2 (317.0058)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D010575 - Pesticides > D056810 - Acaricides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Methidathion

C6H11N2O4PS3 (301.9619)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

4,4-Methylenedianiline

C13H14N2 (198.1157)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

1,4-Dianilinobenzene

C18H16N2 (260.1313)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

5alpha-Cholestane

C27H48 (372.3756)

4-Hydroxystilbene

C14H12O (196.0888)

(R)-2-(8,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,8-tetrahydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-3-yl)-5-methoxyphenol

C21H22O4 (338.1518)

Celestone

C22H29FO5 (392.1999)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

PCB 47

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

16(R)-HETE

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

A 16-HETE in which the chiral centre at position 16 has R-configuration.

Tulipanin

C27H31O16+ (611.1612)

(4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoic acid

C22H32O5 (376.225)

Zwittergent 3-14