Gene Association: PTK2

Proline (Pro), also known as L-proline is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Proline is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Proline is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar amino acid. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is derived from the amino acid L-glutamate in which glutamate-5-semialdehyde is first formed by glutamate 5-kinase and glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (which requires NADH or NADPH). This semialdehyde can then either spontaneously cyclize to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, which is reduced to proline by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, or turned into ornithine by ornithine aminotransferase, followed by cyclization by ornithine cyclodeaminase to form proline. L-Proline has been found to act as a weak agonist of the glycine receptor and of both NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. It has been proposed to be a potential endogenous excitotoxin/neurotoxin. Studies in rats have shown that when injected into the brain, proline non-selectively destroys pyramidal and granule cells (PMID: 3409032 ). Therefore, under certain conditions proline can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of proline are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including hyperprolinemia type I, hyperprolinemia type II, iminoglycinuria, prolinemia type II, and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. People with hyperprolinemia type I often do not show any symptoms even though they have proline levels in their blood between 3 and 10 times the normal level. Some individuals with hyperprolinemia type I exhibit seizures, intellectual disability, or other neurological or psychiatric problems. Hyperprolinemia type II results in proline levels in the blood between 10 and 15 times higher than normal, and high levels of a related compound called pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Hyperprolinemia type II has signs and symptoms that vary in severity and is more likely than type I to involve seizures or intellectual disability. L-proline is pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a proline and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-prolinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline. It is a tautomer of a L-proline zwitterion. Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-Proline is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Proline is a cyclic, nonessential amino acid (actually, an imino acid) in humans (synthesized from glutamic acid and other amino acids), Proline is a constituent of many proteins. Found in high concentrations in collagen, proline constitutes almost a third of the residues. Collagen is the main supportive protein of skin, tendons, bones, and connective tissue and promotes their health and healing. (NCI04) L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. Flavouring ingredient; dietary supplement L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Dioscin

(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5,7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C45H72O16 (868.482)

Dioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of diosgenin via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an apoptosis inducer and an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor. It is a spirostanyl glycoside, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a trisaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Dioscin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Dracaena draco, and other organisms with data available. See also: Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of diosgenin via a glycosidic linkage. Dioscin is a member of the class of compounds known as steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative. Dioscin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dioscin can be found in fenugreek and yam, which makes dioscin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. [Raw Data] CBA65_Dioscin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA65_Dioscin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA65_Dioscin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA65_Dioscin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA65_Dioscin_pos_40eV.txt Dioscin (CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III) is a natural plant-derived steroidal saponin that has good anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cells. Dioscin (CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III) is a natural plant-derived steroidal saponin that has good anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cells.

(-)-Gossypol

ethanoic acid;7-[8-methanoyl-3-methyl-1,6,7-tris(oxidanyl)-5-propan-2-yl-naphthalen-2-yl]-6-methyl-2,3,8-tris(oxidanyl)-4-propan-2-yl-naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde

C30H30O8 (518.1941)

Gossypol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. (-)-Gossypol or (R)-Gossypol, is the R-isomer of [Gossypol]. Gossypol is a natural product found in Malva pseudolavatera, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Gossypol is an orally-active polyphenolic aldehyde with potential antineoplastic activity. Derived primarily from unrefined cottonseed oil, gossypol induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and inducing apoptosis. This agent also inhibits cell-signaling enzymes, resulting in inhibition of cell growth, and may act as a male contraceptive. (-)-Gossypol is found in fats and oils. (-)-Gossypol is a constituent of Gossypium hirsutum (cotton).(-)-gossypol has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-cancer and anti-proliferative functions (A7832, A7833, A7834). A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. Gossypol, also known as gossypol, (+)-isomer or (-)-gossypol, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, gossypol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gossypol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gossypol can be found in cottonseed, okra, soy bean, and sunflower, which makes gossypol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Gossypol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Among other things, it has been tested as a male oral contraceptive in China. In addition to its putative contraceptive properties, gossypol has also long been known to possess antimalarial properties. Other researchers are investigating the anticancer properties of gossypol . Gossypol may cause apoptosis via the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. It is also an inhibitor of calcineurin and protein kinases C, and has been shown to bind calmodulin (L1239) (T3DB). C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor (-)-Gossypol is found in fats and oils. (-)-Gossypol is a constituent of Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Gossypol binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively. Gossypol binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively.

3,3',4'5-Tetrahydroxystilbene

(E)-4-[2-(3,5Dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]1,2-benzenediol, 3,3a?4,5a?Tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene

C14H12O4 (244.0736)

Piceatannol is a stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It has a role as a protein kinase inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a stilbenol, a member of resorcinols, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It derives from a hydride of a trans-stilbene. Piceatannol is a natural product found in Vitis amurensis, Smilax bracteata, and other organisms with data available. Piceatannol is a polyhydroxylated stilbene extract from the seeds of Euphorbia lagascae, which inhibits protein tyrosine kinase Syk and induces apoptosis. (NCI) Piceatannol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Wine grape (part of); Robinia pseudoacacia whole (part of); Tsuga canadensis bark (part of). 3,3,45-Tetrahydroxystilbene (or Piceatannol) is a phenolic stilbenoid. It is a metabolite of resveratrol found in red wine. A viral protein-tyrosine kinase (LMP2A) implicated in leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma and other diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus, was recently found to be blocked by picetannol in vitro (PMID 2590224). Therefore there is research interest in piceatannol as an anti-cancer and anti-EBV drug. Piceatannol can also act as an agonist for estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells (PMID: 16216908). [HMDB] 3,3,45-Tetrahydroxystilbene (or Piceatannol) is a phenolic stilbenoid. It is a metabolite of resveratrol found in red wine. A viral protein-tyrosine kinase (LMP2A) implicated in leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma and other diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus, was recently found to be blocked by picetannol in vitro (PMID 2590224). Therefore there is research interest in piceatannol as an anti-cancer and anti-EBV drug. Piceatannol can also act as an agonist for estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells (PMID: 16216908). A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI)[1]. Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties[2]. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines[3]. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells[4]. Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI)[1]. Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties[2]. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines[3]. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells[4].

Plantamoside

[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C29H36O16 (640.2003)

Plantamajoside is a hydroxycinnamic acid. Plantamajoside is a natural product found in Primulina eburnea, Plantaginaceae, and other organisms with data available. Plantamajoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Plantago asiatica L.(Plantaginaceae). Plantamajoside has protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice model. Plantamajoside has the potential for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation[1]. Plantamajoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Plantago asiatica L.(Plantaginaceae). Plantamajoside has protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice model. Plantamajoside has the potential for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation[1].

Esculentic acid (Diplazium)

(1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid

C30H48O5 (488.3502)

Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. It has a role as an angiogenesis modulating agent and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a triol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. From Centella asiatica and other plants; shows a variety of bioactivities. Asiatic acid is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Combretum fruticosum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of); Centella asiatica flowering top (part of). Esculentic acid (Diplazium) is found in green vegetables. Esculentic acid (Diplazium) is a constituent of the edible fern Diplazium esculentum C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2]. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2].

Cinobufagin

[(1R,2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-5-yl] acetate

C26H34O6 (442.2355)

Cinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Cinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Phrynoidis asper, and other organisms with data available. Cinobufagin is a bufadienolide compound extracted from the dried venom secreted by the parotid glands of toads and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of cinobufagin is still under investigation, it has been found to suppress cancer cell proliferation and cause apoptosis in cancer cells via a sequence of apoptotic modulators that include mitochondrial Bax and cytosolic chromosome c, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. Possible upstream mediators of cinobufagin-induced apoptosis include Fas and p53. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Annotation level-1 Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3]. Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3].

Cucurbitacin B

(R,E)-6-((2S,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl acetate

C32H46O8 (558.3193)

Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic props. of spoilt cucumbers. Cucurbitacin B is found in many foods, some of which are muskmelon, bitter gourd, green vegetables, and cucumber. Cucurbitacin B is found in bitter gourd. Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic properties of spoilt cucumber Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B is a natural product found in Begonia plebeja, Trichosanthes miyagii, and other organisms with data available. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. (+)-Cucurbitacin B. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=6199-67-3 (retrieved 2024-08-12) (CAS RN: 6199-67-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Obacunone

Oxireno(4,4a)-2-benzopyrano(6,5-g)(2)benzoxepin-3,5,9(3aH,4bH,6H)-trione, 1-(3-furanyl)-1,6a,7,11a,11b,12,13,13a-octahydro-4b,7,7,11a,13a-pentamethyl-, (1S,3aS,4aR,4bR,6aR,11aR,11bR,11bR,13aS)-

C26H30O7 (454.1991)

Constituent of Citrus subspecies, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat) and Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Obacunone is found in many foods, some of which are pomes, sweet orange, lemon, and fruits. Obacunone is found in fruits. Obacunone is a constituent of Citrus species, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat) and Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple) Obacunone is a limonoid. Obacunone is a natural product found in Limonia acidissima, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1]. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1].

Sanguinarine

24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{14,22}.0^{17,21}]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21),23-nonaen-24-ium

[C20H14NO4]+ (332.0923)

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, an alkaloid antibiotic and a botanical anti-fungal agent. Sanguinarine is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Fumaria kralikii, and other organisms with data available. Sanguinarine is found in opium poppy. Consumption of Sanguinarine, present in poppy seeds and in the oil of Argemone mexicana which has been used as an adulterant for mustard oil in India, has been linked to development of glaucoma. Sanguinarine is banned by FDA. Sanguinarine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. It is extracted from some plants, including bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), Mexican prickly poppy Argemone mexicana, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata. It is also found in the root, stem and leaves of the opium poppy but not in the capsule. Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Epidemic dropsy is a disease that results from ingesting sanguinarine. Sanguinarine has been shown to exhibit antibiotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic functions Sanguinarine belongs to the family of Benzoquinolines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a quinoline ring system. (A3208, A3209, A3208, A3208, A3208). See also: Sanguinaria canadensis root (part of); Chelidonium majus flowering top (part of). Sanguinarine is found in opium poppy. Consumption of Sanguinarine, present in poppy seeds and in the oil of Argemone mexicana which has been used as an adulterant for mustard oil in India, has been linked to development of glaucoma. Sanguinarine is banned by FDA. Sanguinarine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. It is extracted from some plants, including bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), Mexican prickly poppy Argemone mexicana, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata. It is also found in the root, stem and leaves of the opium poppy but not in the capsule.[citation needed]; Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Epidemic dropsy is a disease that results from ingesting sanguinarine Sanguinarine (13-methyl[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-i]phenanthridinium) is derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other poppy-fumaria species (for references, see Ref. 1). This benzophenanthridine alkaloid is a structural homologue of chelerythrine, which is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (2). Sanguinarine has been shown to display antitumor (3) and anti-inflammatory properties in animals (4) and to inhibit neutrophil function, including degranulation and phagocytosis in vitro(5). It is also a potent inhibitor of Na-K-dependent ATPase (6, 7, 8) and cholinesterase (9).

Rhodamine_B

Ethanaminium, N-(9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-e- thyl-, chloride

C28H31N2O3.Cl (478.2023)

C.i. food red 15 appears as green crystals or reddish-violet powder. Used as a dye, especially for paper, as a metal chelating reagent, and in drugs and cosmetics. Rhodamine B is an organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome. It has a role as a fluorochrome, a fluorescent probe and a histological dye. It is an organic chloride salt and a xanthene dye. It contains a rhodamine B(1+). D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes

Cucurbitacin

(1S,2S,4R,6S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15R)-17-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,9,11,14,19,19-hexamethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[12.8.0.02,11.04,10.015,20]docosa-16,20-diene-8,13,18-trione

C30H42O6 (498.2981)

Cucurbitacin S is an 11-oxo steroid. Cucurbitacin S is a natural product found in Cucurbita foetidissima with data available. Triterpenes that derive from LANOSTEROL by a shift of the C19 methyl to the C9 position. They are found in seeds and roots of CUCURBITACEAE and other plants and are noted for intense bitterness.

Yatansin

2H-3,11c-beta-(Epoxymethano)phenanthro(10,1-bc)pyran-3-alpha(3a-beta-H)-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6a-beta,7,7a-alpha,10,11,11a,11b-alpha-decahydro-8,11a-beta-dimethyl-5,10-dioxo-1-beta,2-alpha,4-beta,9-tetrahydroxy-, methyl ester, 4-(3-methylcrotonate)

C26H32O11 (520.1945)

Brusatol is a triterpenoid. Brusatol is a natural product found in Brucea javanica and Brucea mollis with data available. Brusatol (NSC?172924) is a unique inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway that sensitizes a broad spectrum of cancer cells to Cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic agents. Brusatol enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Brusatol can be developed into an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent[1]. Brusatol increases cellular apoptosis[2]. Brusatol (NSC?172924) is a unique inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway that sensitizes a broad spectrum of cancer cells to Cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic agents. Brusatol enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Brusatol can be developed into an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent[1]. Brusatol increases cellular apoptosis[2].

Deltonin

(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5,7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C45H72O17 (884.4769)

Deltonin is a triterpenoid. Deltonin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon planiscapus, Allium vineale, and other organisms with data available. Deltonin is found in onion-family vegetables. Deltonin is a constituent of Allium vineale (wild garlic) Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation.

(-)-Guttiferone E

(1S,3Z,5R,7R)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxy-methylene]-1-[(2S)-2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-hex-4-enyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione

Garcinol is a monoterpenoid. CID 5281560 is a natural product found in Garcinia assugu, Garcinia pedunculata, and other organisms with data available. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. (-)-Guttiferone E is a constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. Constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].

alpha-Carotene

(6R)-1,5,5-trimethyl-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene

C40H56 (536.4382)

alpha-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. alpha-Carotene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Carotene is one of the primary isomers of carotene. Plasma levels of alpha-carotene are positively associated with the detection rate of AFB1-DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas plasma lycopene level was inversely related to the presence of the adducts in urine (PMID: 9214602). (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene is an alpha-carotene. It is an enantiomer of a (6S)-beta,epsilon-carotene. alpha-Carotene is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Scandix stellata, and other organisms with data available. Widespread carotenoid, e.g. in carrots and palm oil. Has vitamin A activity but less than that of b-Carotene A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Furanodiene

CYCLODECA(B)FURAN, 4,7,8,11-TETRAHYDRO-3,6,10-TRIMETHYL-, (5E,9E)-

C15H20O (216.1514)

Furanodiene is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid. Furanodiene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Lactarius chrysorrheus, and other organisms with data available. Furanodiene is a constituent of Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) Constituent of Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary)

Selenomethionine

Selenomethionine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

C5H11NO2Se (196.9955)

L-selenomethionine is the L-enantiomer of selenomethionine. It is an enantiomer of a D-selenomethionine. It is a tautomer of a L-selenomethionine zwitterion. Selenomethionine is a naturally occuring amino acid in some plant materials such as cereal grains, soybeans and enriched yeast but it cannot be synthesized from animals or humans. It can be produced from post-structural modifications. *In vivo*, selenomethionine plays an essential role in acting as an antioxidant, where it depletes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aids in the formation and recycling of glutathione, another important antioxidant. In comparison to selenite, which is the inorganic form of selenium, the organic form of selenomethionine is more readily absorbed in the human body. Selenomethionin is used in biochemical laboratories where its incorporation into proteins that need to be visualized enhances the performance of X-ray crystallography. L-Selenomethionine is the amino acid methionine with selenium substituting for the sulphur moiety. Methionine is an essential amino acid in humans, whereas selenium is a free-radical scavenging anti-oxidant, essential for the protection of various tissues from the damages of lipid peroxidation. As a trace mineral that is toxic in high doses, selenium is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, an anti-oxidant enzyme that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide. L-Selenomethionine is considered a safe, efficacious form of selenium and is readily bioavailable. Selenium may be chemoprotective for certain cancers, particularly prostate cancer. (NCI04) Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination. Selenomethionine (CAS: 1464-42-2) is an amino acid containing selenium that cannot be synthesized by higher animals but can be obtained from plant material. Selenomethionine is the major seleno-compound in cereal grains (wheat grain, maize, and rice), soybeans, and enriched yeast. Seleno-compounds present in plants may have a profound effect on the health of animals and human subjects. It is now known that the total Se content cannot be used as an indication of its efficacy, but knowledge of individual selenocompounds is necessary to fully assess the significance. Thus, speciation of the seleno-compounds has moved to the forefront. Since animals and man are dependent upon plants for their nutritional requirements, this makes the types of seleno-compounds in plants even more critical. Se enters the food chain through incorporation into plant proteins, mostly as selenocysteine and selenomethionine at normal Se levels. There are two possible pathways for the catabolism of selenomethionine. One is the transsulfuration pathway via selenocystathionine to produce selenocysteine, which in turn is degraded into H2Se by the enzyme beta-lyase. The other pathway is the transamination-decarboxylation pathway. It was estimated that 90\\\\% of methionine is metabolized through this pathway and thus could be also the major route for selenomethionine catabolism (PMID:14748935). Found in onion, cabbage, coco de mono (Lecythis elliptica), Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), wheat grains and other plants. Dietary supplement for avoidance of Se deficiency in humans and ruminants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant The L-enantiomer of selenomethionine. L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase[1][2][3]. Selenomethionine is a naturally occurring amino acid containing selenium and is a common natural food source.

Combretastatin_A-4

phenol, 2-methoxy-5-((1z)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-,1-(dihydrogen phosphate)

C18H20O5 (316.1311)

Combretastatin A4 is a stilbenoid. Combretastatin A4 is a natural product found in Combretum caffrum with data available. Combretastatin A-4 is an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization derived from the South African willow bush which causes mitotic arrest and selectively targets and reduces or destroys existing blood vessels, causing decreased tumor blood supply. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Combretastatin A4 is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM.

Zerumbone

(2E,6E,10E)-2,6,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one

C15H22O (218.1671)

Zerumbone is a sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite and a glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor. It is a sesquiterpenoid and a cyclic ketone. It derives from a hydride of an alpha-humulene. Zerumbone is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Curcuma longa, and other organisms with data available. Zerumbone is found in herbs and spices. Zerumbone is a constituent of the rhizomes of wild ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) Constituent of the rhizomes of wild ginger (Zingiber zerumbet). Zerumbone is found in herbs and spices. Zerumbone is a monocyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zerumbone potently inhibits the activation of Epstein-Barr virus with an IC50 of 0.14 mM. Zerumbone has anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity[1][2]. Zerumbone is a monocyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zerumbone potently inhibits the activation of Epstein-Barr virus with an IC50 of 0.14 mM. Zerumbone has anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity[1][2].

(R)-Carvone

2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (theta)-

C10H14O (150.1045)

Carvone, with R and S isomers, also known as carvol or limonen-6-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. p-Menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m-menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Carvone is a neutral compound. Carvone is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many essential oils but is most abundant in the oils from caraway seeds (Carum carvi), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill (PMID:27427817). Carvone is a volatile terpenoid found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Carvone is occasionally found as a component of biological fluids in normal individuals. Both carvones (R, S) are used in the food and flavor industry (http//doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.003). R-carvone is also used in air freshening products and in essential oils used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. Caraway was used for medicinal purposes by the ancient Romans, but carvone was probably not isolated as a pure compound until Varrentrapp obtained it in 1841 (PMID:5556886 , 2477620 ). Carvone may help in the management of diseases (PMID:30374904) and had been considered as an adjuvant for treatment of cancer patients (PMID:30087792) and patients with epilepsy (PMID:31239862). It also has been successfully used as a biopesticide (PMID:30250476). (-)-carvone is a carvone having (R) configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-carvone. (-)-Carvone is a natural product found in Poiretia latifolia, Licaria triandra, and other organisms with data available. See also: Myrrh (part of); Spearmint Oil (part of). Constituent of spearmint (Mentha crispa) costmary, kuromoji and other oils. Flavouring ingredient A carvone having (R) configuration. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2].

2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol

2-METHOXY-4-VINYLPHENOL (STABILIZED WITH TBC)

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol is a member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. It has a role as a pheromone, a flavouring agent and a plant metabolite. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol is a natural product found in Coffea, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. 4-Vinylguaiacol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol is an aromatic substance used as a flavoring agent. It is one of the compounds responsible for the natural aroma of buckwheat. A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. Responsible for off-flavour of old fruit in stored orange juice 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP), a naturally Germination inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects[1][2]. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP), a naturally Germination inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects[1][2].

Farnesol

InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9+,15-11

C15H26O (222.1984)

Farnesol is a signaling molecule that is derived from farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Farnesol is a 15 carbon isoprenoid alcohol is the corresponding dephosphorylated form of the isoprenoid farnesyl diphosphate. Farnesol has a potential role in controlling the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34, NADPH-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase). The enzyme is stabilized under conditions of cellular sterol depletion (e.g. statin-treated cells) and rapidly degraded in sterol-loaded cells. In mammalian cells, this enhanced degradation is dependent on the presence of both a sterol and a non-sterol derived from the isoprenoid pathway; farnesol, the dephosphorylated form of farnesyl diphosphate, can function as the non-sterol component. Farnesol has been shown to activate the farnesoid receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor that forms a functional heterodimer with RXR. Thus, dephosphorylation of farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in the cholesterol synthetic pathway, might produce an active ligand for the FXR:RXR heterodimer. The physiological ligand for FXR remains to be identified; farnesol, may simply mimic the unidentified natural ligand(s). In addition, exogenous farnesol have an effect on several other physiological processes, including inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell cycle progression and actin cytoskeletal disorganization. Farnesol cellular availability is an important determinant of vascular tone in animals and humans, and provides a basis for exploring farnesyl metabolism in humans with compromised vascular function as well as for using farnesyl analogues as regulators of arterial tone in vivo. A possible metabolic fate for farnesol is its conversion to farnesoic acid, and then to farnesol-derived dicarboxylic acids (FDDCAs) which would then be excreted in the urine. Farnesol can also be oxidized to a prenyl aldehyde, presumably by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and that this activity resides in the mitochondrial and peroxisomal. Liver Endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomal fractions are able to phosphorylate farnesol to Farnesyl diphosphate in a Cytosine triphosphate dependent fashion. (PMID: 9812197, 8636420, 9083051, 9015362). Prenol is polymerized by dehydration reactions; when there are at least four isoprene units (n in the above formula is greater than or equal to four), the polymer is called a polyprenol. Polyprenols can contain up to 100 isoprene units (n=100) linked end to end with the hydroxyl group (-OH) remaining at the end. These isoprenoid alcohols are also called terpenols These isoprenoid alcohols are important in the acylation of proteins, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K. They are also building blocks for plant oils such as farnesol and geraniol. Prenol is also a building block of cholesterol (built from six isoprene units), and thus of all steroids. Prenol has sedative properities, it is probably GABA receptor allosteric modulator.When the isoprene unit attached to the alcohol is saturated, the compound is referred to as a dolichol. Dolichols are important as glycosyl carriers in the synthesis of polysaccharides.(Wikipedia). C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Component of many flower absolutes [CCD] Farnesol is a colorless liquid with a delicate floral odor. (NTP, 1992) Farnesol is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a polyprenol. trans,trans-Farnesol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. (2-trans,6-trans)-Farnesol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria.

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

4-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]butanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

Aconitate [cis or trans]

(1Z)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

C6H6O6 (174.0164)

cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid. The enzyme aconitase (aconitate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.3) catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Present in apple fruits, maple syrup and passion fruit juice cis-Aconitic acid, also known as (Z)-aconitic acid, plays several important biological roles: Intermediate in the Citric Acid Cycle: cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. It is formed from citrate by the enzyme aconitase and is rapidly converted into isocitrate, another key intermediate in the cycle. The TCA cycle is central to cellular respiration, generating energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2. Regulation of Aconitase Activity: The conversion of citrate to cis-aconitate and then to isocitrate by aconitase is an important regulatory step in the TCA cycle. This conversion helps in maintaining the balance of the cycle and is influenced by factors like the energy status of the cell. Role in Cholesterol Synthesis: cis-Aconitic acid is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of mevalonate, a key intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Potential Involvement in Disease: Altered metabolism or accumulation of cis-aconitic acid has been associated with certain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Its role in these conditions is an area of ongoing research. Plant Growth and Development: In plants, cis-aconitic acid has been found to play a role in growth and development, including seed germination and leaf senescence. In summary, cis-aconitic acid is a crucial intermediate in the TCA cycle, impacting energy production and various metabolic pathways in cells. Its role extends to cholesterol synthesis and potentially to various disease processes, highlighting its importance in cellular metabolism and physiology. cis-Aconitic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=585-84-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 585-84-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (Z)-Aconitic acid (cis-Aconitic acid) is the cis-isomer of Aconitic acid. (Z)-Aconitic acid (cis-Aconitic acid) is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid. (Z)-Aconitic acid (cis-Aconitic acid) is the cis-isomer of Aconitic acid. (Z)-Aconitic acid (cis-Aconitic acid) is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid.

Galactosylsphingosine

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C24H47NO7 (461.3352)

Galactosylsphingosine (also known as psychosine), is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cerebrosides. It is formed from the reaction of sphingosine with UDP-galactose and then reacts with fatty acid-coenzyme A to form the cerebroside. It is a galactoside metabolite of sphingosine and can function as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of galactosylsphingosine are associated with globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease), which is characterized by the dysfunction of galactosylceramidase. Galactosylsphingosine is a highly cytotoxic lipid capable of inducing cell death in a wide variety of cell types including oligodendrocytes. It is known to accumulate in the nervous system in the absence of galactosylceramidase. Galactosylsphingosine localizes to lipid rafts and perturbs membrane integrity. It also inhibits protein kinase C translocation to the plasma membrane (PMID: 24006512). Symptoms of Krabbe disease begin between the ages of 3 and 6 months with irritability, fevers, limb stiffness, seizures, feeding difficulties, vomiting, and slowing of mental and motor development. In the first stages of the disease, the symptoms are often mistaken with those of cerebral palsy. Other symptoms include muscle weakness, spasticity, deafness, optic atrophy, optic nerve enlargement, blindness, paralysis, and difficulty when swallowing. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of cerebrosides. It is formed by reaction of sphingosine with UDP-galactose and then itself reacts with fatty acid-Coenzyme A to form the cerebroside. [HMDB] KEIO_ID P067; [MS2] KO009195 KEIO_ID P067

Sphingosine 1-phosphate

(2S,3R,4E)-2-Amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol 1-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid)

C18H38NO5P (379.2487)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), also known as sphing-4-enine-1-phosphate, is classified as a member of the phosphosphingolipids. Phosphosphingolipids are sphingolipids with a structure based on a sphingoid base that is attached to a phosphate head group. They differ from phosphonospingolipids which have a phosphonate head group. S1P is a compound with potent bioactive actions in sphingolipid metabolism, the calcium signalling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Generated by sphingosine kinases and ceramide kinase, S1P control numerous aspects of cell physiology, including cell survival and mammalian inflammatory responses. S1P is involved in cyclooxygenase-2 induction (COX-2) and regulates the production of eicosanoids (important inflammatory mediators). S1P functions mainly via G-protein-coupled receptors and probably also has intracellular targets (PMID: 16219683). S1P is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Sphingosine-1-phosphate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=26993-30-6 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 26993-30-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Paclitaxel

(1S,2S,3R,4S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4,12-bis(acetyloxy)-1,9-dihydroxy-15-{[(2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-3-(phenylformamido)propanoyl]oxy}-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.0³,¹⁰.0⁴,⁷]heptadec-13-en-2-yl benzoate

C47H51NO14 (853.3309)

Taxol appears as needles (from aqueous methanol) or fine white powder. An anti-cancer drug. Paclitaxel is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name taxol is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. It has a role as a microtubule-stabilising agent, a metabolite, a human metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a taxane diterpenoid. It is functionally related to a baccatin III. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent marketed under the brand name Taxol among others. Used as a treatment for various cancers, paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor that was first isolated in 1971 from the bark of the Pacific yew tree which contains endophytic fungi that synthesize paclitaxel. It is available as an intravenous solution for injection and the newer formulation contains albumin-bound paclitaxel marketed under the brand name Abraxane. Paclitaxel is a Microtubule Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of paclitaxel is by means of Microtubule Inhibition. Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent which acts by inhibitor of cellular mitosis and which currently plays a central role in the therapy of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Therapy with paclitaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations, but has not been clearly linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Paclitaxel is a natural product found in Taxomyces andreanae, Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum, and other organisms with data available. Paclitaxel is a compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2). (NCI04) A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS brevifolia. It stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death. ABI-007 (Abraxane) is the latest attempt to improve upon paclitaxel, one of the leading chemotherapy treatments. Both drugs contain the same active agent, but Abraxane is delivered by a nanoparticle technology that binds to albumin, a natural protein, rather than the toxic solvent known as Cremophor. It is thought that delivering paclitaxel with this technology will cause fewer hypersensitivity reactions and possibly lead to greater drug uptake in tumors. Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. It was discovered in a US National Cancer Institute program at the Research Triangle Institute in 1967 when Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani isolated it from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia and named it taxol. Later it was discovered that endophytic fungi in the bark synthesize paclitaxel. See also: Paclitaxel Poliglumex (is active moiety of). A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS brevifolia. It stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death. [PubChem] ABI-007 (Abraxane) is the latest attempt to improve upon paclitaxel, one of the leading chemotherapy treatments. Both drugs contain the same active agent, but Abraxane is delivered by a nanoparticle technology that binds to albumin, a natural protein, rather than the toxic solvent known as Cremophor. It is thought that delivering paclitaxel with this technology will cause fewer hypersensitivity reactions and possibly lead to greater drug uptake in tumors. A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name taxol is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products > L01CD - Taxanes C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_20eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_10eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_30eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_40eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_50eV_CB000085.txt Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2]. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2].

Wortmannin

11-(acetyloxy)-1S,6bR,7,8,9aS,10,11R,11bR-octahydro-1-(methoxymethyl)-9a,11b-dimethyl-3H-furo[4,3,2-de]indeno[4,5-h]-2-benzopyran-3,6,9-trione

C23H24O8 (428.1471)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D007329 - Insulin Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2152 - Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents

Medroxyprogesterone

(1S,2R,8S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-14-acetyl-14-hydroxy-2,8,15-trimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

Medroxyprogesterone, or MP is a progestin (synthetic progestogen). MP is not used medically, as it is over two orders of magnitude less potent than medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); a derivative of MP (PMID: 16784762). MP may be formed via the metabolism of MPA. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is used to treat conditions such as absent or irregular menstrual periods, or abnormal uterine bleeding. Synthetic progestogens are widely used to simulate the effects of progesterone; a natural female sex hormone. Progesterone is essential for endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and the successful establishment of pregnancy. A low progesterone concentration or an insufficient response to progesterone can cause infertility and pregnancy loss (PMID: 20104424). In addition to progestagenic activity, MP is also a weak antiandrogen in vitro (PMID: 29990947). Medroxyprogesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken MPA. A synthetic progesterone (steroid hormone) involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. -- Wikipedia G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents

alpha-Solanine

C45H73NO15 (867.498)

[Raw Data] CB083_Solanine_pos_30eV_isCID-10eV_rep000003.txt [Raw Data] CB083_Solanine_pos_40eV_isCID-10eV_rep000003.txt [Raw Data] CB083_Solanine_pos_50eV_isCID-10eV_rep000003.txt [Raw Data] CB083_Solanine_pos_20eV_isCID-10eV_rep000003.txt [Raw Data] CB083_Solanine_pos_10eV_isCID-10eV_rep000003.txt α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells[1]. α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells[1].

Ropivacaine

(2S)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-propylpiperidine-2-carboxamide

C17H26N2O (274.2045)

Ropivacaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S-enantiomer. Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Naropin. [Wikipedia]Local anesthetics such as Ropivacaine block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. Specifically, they block the sodium-channel and decrease chances of depolarization and consequent action potentials. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Monocrotaline

5,6-dihydroxy-4,5,6-trimethyl-2,8-dioxa-13-azatricyclo[8.5.1.0¹³,¹⁶]hexadec-10-ene-3,7-dione

C16H23NO6 (325.1525)

Hepatotoxin. Causative agent of much seneciosis, e.g. accidental poisoning by S. by weed residues in bread, and characterised by venoocculosive disease Hepatotoxin. Causative agent of much seneciosis, e.g. accidental poisoning by S. by weed residues in bread, and characterised by venoocculosive diseas CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2249 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 131 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 121 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 151 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 141 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 111 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 161 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 171 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 101 Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline inhibits OCT-1 and OCT-2 with IC50s of 36.8 μM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline has antitumor activity and is cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Monocrotaline is used to induce a model of pulmonary hypertension in rodents. [2][6][8]. Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline inhibits OCT-1 and OCT-2 with IC50s of 36.8 μM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline has antitumor activity and is cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Monocrotaline is used to induce a model of pulmonary hypertension in rodents. [2][6][8].

Phalloidine

Mast Cell Degranulating (MCD) Peptide

C35H48N8O11S (788.3163)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

Tamoxifen

1-Para-beta-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene

C26H29NO (371.2249)

Tamoxifen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the endometrium. [PubChem]Tamoxifen binds to estrogen receptors (ER), inducing a conformational change in the receptor. This results in a blockage or change in the expression of estrogen dependent genes. The prolonged binding of tamoxifen to the nuclear chromatin of these results in reduced DNA polymerase activity, impaired thymidine utilization, blockade of estradiol uptake, and decreased estrogen response. It is likely that tamoxifen interacts with other coactivators or corepressors in the tissue and binds with different estrogen receptors, ER-alpha or ER-beta, producing both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BA - Anti-estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D020847 - Estrogen Receptor Modulators D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent

Doxazosin

1 (4-amino-6,7-Dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-((2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)carbonyl)piperazine

C23H25N5O5 (451.1856)

Doxazosin is a quinazoline-derivative that selectively antagonizes postsynaptic α₁-adrenergic receptors. It may be used to mild to moderate hypertension and in the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). α₁-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C29707 - Vasodilating Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

THIODICARB

N,N-(Thiobis((methylimino)carbonyloxy))bisethanimidothioic acid dimethyl ester

C10H18N4O4S3 (354.049)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8160 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8215; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8210 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8251; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8248 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8269; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8264

Rottlerin

(2E) -1- [ 6- [ (3-Acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl) methyl ] -5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-8-yl ] -3-phenyl-2-propene-1-one

C30H28O8 (516.1784)

Rottlerin is a chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, a metabolite, a K-ATP channel agonist, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-allergic agent. It is an enone, a chromenol, a benzenetriol, a methyl ketone and an aromatic ketone. Rottlerin is a natural product found in Mallotus philippensis with data available. A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.546 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.549 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.548 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.550 Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific PKC inhibitor, with IC50 values for PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM. Rottlerin acts as a direct mitochondrial uncoupler, and stimulates autophagy by targeting a signaling cascade upstream of mTORC1. Rottlerin induces apoptosis via caspase 3 activation[1][2][3]. Rottlerin inhibits HIV-1 integration and Rabies virus (RABV) infection[4][5]. Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific PKC inhibitor, with IC50 values for PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM. Rottlerin acts as a direct mitochondrial uncoupler, and stimulates autophagy by targeting a signaling cascade upstream of mTORC1. Rottlerin induces apoptosis via caspase 3 activation[1][2][3]. Rottlerin inhibits HIV-1 integration and Rabies virus (RABV) infection[4][5].

Salinomycin

AKOS032949878

C42H70O11 (750.4918)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Same as: D08502

Legumelin

(1S,14S)-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.0³,¹².0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one

C23H22O6 (394.1416)

Legumelin, also known as (-)-cis-deguelin, is a member of the class of compounds known as rotenones. Rotenones are rotenoids with a structure based on a 6a,12a-dihydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromen-12(6H)-one skeleton. Thus, legumelin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Legumelin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Legumelin can be found in soy bean, which makes legumelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB.

Xanthohumol

InChI=1/C21H22O5/c1-13(2)4-10-16-18(24)12-19(26-3)20(21(16)25)17(23)11-7-14-5-8-15(22)9-6-14/h4-9,11-12,22,24-25H,10H2,1-3H3/b11-7

C21H22O5 (354.1467)

Xanthohumol is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2 and 4, a methoxy group at position 6 and a prenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. It has a role as a metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, an EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor and an anti-HIV-1 agent. It is a member of chalcones, a polyphenol and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate acid of a xanthohumol(1-). Xanthohumol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01367431 (Xanthohumol and Metabolic Syndrome). Xanthohumol is a natural product found in Humulus lupulus and Capsicum annuum with data available. Xanthohumol is a prenylated flavonoid derived from the female flowers of the hops plant (Humulus lupulus L), with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, xanthohumol scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In addition, xanthohumol is able to increase the expression of phase II cytoprotective enzymes, thereby inactivating carcinogens. This agent exerts anti-inflammatory activity, through the inhibition of inflammation-inducing enzymes, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis of susceptible cancer cells. Xanthohumol also decreases the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), thereby preventing cancer cell invasion. A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2 and 4, a methoxy group at position 6 and a prenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C63817 - Chemokine Receptor Antagonist > C107589 - CXCR4 Inhibitor Xanthohumol is found in alcoholic beverages. Xanthohumol is isolated from Humulus lupulus (hops Isolated from Humulus lupulus (hops). Xanthohumol is found in beer and alcoholic beverages. D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA95_Xanthohumol_pos_40eV.txt Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Gambogic acid

(2Z)-4-[12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.0²,¹⁵.0²,¹⁹.0⁴,¹³.0⁶,¹¹]docosa-4,6(11),9,12,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid

C38H44O8 (628.3036)

Isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic acid is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Gambogic acid is found in fruits. Gambogic acid is isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.

Magnolol

2-[2-hydroxy-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol

C18H18O2 (266.1307)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively.

N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG)

(2S)-2-[(2S)-3-carboxy-2-acetamidopropanamido]pentanedioic acid

C11H16N2O8 (304.0907)

N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in the brain that is localized to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neuronal systems. NAAG is released upon depolarization by a Ca(2+)-dependent process and is an agonist at mGluR3 receptors and an antagonist at NMDA receptors. NAAG is catabolized to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate primarily by glutamate carboxypeptidase II, which is expressed on the extracellular surface of astrocytes. The levels of NAAG and the activity of carboxypeptidase II are altered in a regionally specific fashion in several neuropsychiatric disorders (PMID:9361299). N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAG) is a purported precursor of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) and is present at about one-tenth of the concentration of NAA in the brain. NAAG has been reported to activate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in neurons. Previous immunohistochemical studies in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) have suggested that NAAG is exclusively localized to neurons. Recent evidence, however, indicates that NAAG might also be localized to nonneuronal cells within the CNS. Only traces of NAA and NAAG are detectable in other tissues. Some compounds can change levels of NAA and NAAG in the brain. For example, methylphenidate increases the levels of NAA and NAAG in the cerebral cortex; amphetamine also increases NAA concentration in a mature brain by 26\\\%, raising the possibility that other neurochemical systems might be involved in the clinical effects of stimulants (PMID:10603234). N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain that is localized to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neuronal systems. NAAG is released upon depolarization by a Ca(2+)-dependent process and is an agonist at mGluR3 receptors and an antagonist at NMDA receptors. NAAG is catabolized to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate primarily by glutamate carboxypeptidase II, which is expressed on the extracellular surface of astrocytes. The levels of NAAG and the activity of carboxypeptidase II are altered in a regionally specific fashion in several neuropsychiatric disorders. (PMID 9361299) D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Spaglumic Acid (N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.

2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (in liquid mixtures)

C7H5NS2 (166.9863)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3898; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3892 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3929; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3926 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3935; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3932 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3935; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3932 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3886; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3923 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3864; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3861 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3899; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3896 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3925 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4000; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3996 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 494; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3878; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3874 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione is found in fruits. 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione is a constituent of cranberries D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3190 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8206 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8785 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite.

Chelidonine

(1S,12S,13R)-24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-2,4(8),9,14(22),15,17(21)-hexaen-12-ol

C20H19NO5 (353.1263)

Chelidonine is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic. Chelidonine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos baetica, Sarcocapnos saetabensis, and other organisms with data available. Chelidonine is an isolate of Papaveraceae with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. See also: Chelidonium majus flowering top (part of). CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2255 Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3]. Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3].

Cerivastatin

(E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid

C26H34FNO5 (459.2421)

C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites

O-Phosphotyrosine

(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(phosphonooxy)phenyl]propanoic acid

C9H12NO6P (261.0402)

O-Phosphotyrosine is a phosphorylated amino acid that occurs in a number of proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis. Small amounts of free phosphotyrosine can be found in urine (PMID: 7693088). Levels of this amino acid appear to be elevated in mammalian urine during liver regeneration (PMID: 7516161). Phosphotyrosine is also able to induce platelet aggregation in vitro and it has been suggested that free phosphotyrosine in blood could be meaningful for in vivo platelet activation (PMID: 1282059). [HMDB] O-Phosphotyrosine is a phosphorylated amino acid that occurs in a number of proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis. Small amounts of free phosphotyrosine can be found in urine (PMID: 7693088). Levels of this amino acid appear to be elevated in mammalian urine during liver regeneration (PMID: 7516161). Phosphotyrosine is also able to induce platelet aggregation in vitro and it has been suggested that free phosphotyrosine in blood could be meaningful for in vivo platelet activation (PMID: 1282059).

12-HETE

(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-Hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (CAS: 71030-37-0), also known as 12-HETE, is an eicosanoid, a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. 5-Lipoxygenase (LO)-derived leukotrienes are involved in inflammatory glomerular injury. LO product 12-HETE is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension and may mediate angiotensin II and TGFbeta induced mesangial cell abnormality in diabetic nephropathy. 12-HETE is markedly elevated in the psoriatic lesions. 12-HETE is a vasoconstrictor eicosanoid that contributes to high blood pressure in (renovascular) hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. A significant percentage of patients suffering from a selective increase in plasma LDL cholesterol (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia) exhibits increased platelet reactivity. This includes enhanced platelet responsiveness against a variety of platelet-stimulating agents ex vivo and enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism associated with increased generation of arachidonic acid metabolites such as 12-HETE, and secretion of platelet-storage products (PMID: 7562532, 12480795, 17361113, 8498970, 1333255, 2119633). 12-HETE is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumour cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. 12-HETE has a diversity of biological actions and is generated by a number of tissues including the renal glomerulus and the vasculature. 12-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. 12-HETE is a neuromodulator that is synthesized during ischemia. Its neuronal effects include attenuation of calcium influx and glutamate release as well as inhibition of AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) activation. 12-HETE is found to be associated with peroxisomal biogenesis defect and Zellweger syndrome, which are inborn errors of metabolism.

Deoxyribose 1-phosphate

{[(4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid

C5H11O7P (214.0242)

Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D013 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Beta-Aminopropionitrile

β-Aminopropionitrile

C3H6N2 (70.0531)

beta-Aminopropionitrile is a toxic amino-acid derivative. On an unusual case of the Cantrell-sequence in a premature infant with associated dysmelia, aplasia of the right kidney, cerebellar hypoplasia and circumscribed aplasia of the cutis, maternal history suggested an occupational exposure to aminopropionitriles prior to pregnancy. The characteristic features of the Cantrell-sequence--anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect with ectopia cordis and diaphragm, sternum, pericardium, and heart defects--have been observed in animals following maternal administration of beta-aminopropionitrile. Some species of lathyrus (chickling pea, Lathyrus sativus- related), notably Lathyrus odoratus, are unable to induce human lathyrism but contain beta-aminopropionitrile, that induces pathological changes in bone ("osteolathyrism") and blood vessels ("angiolathyrism") of experimental animals without damaging the nervous system. The administration of beta-aminopropionitrile has been proposed for pharmacological control of unwanted scar tissue in human beings. beta-Aminopropionitrile is a reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. (PMID:367235, 6422318, 9394169, Am J Perinatol. 1997 Oct;14(9):567-71.). Constituent of chickling pea (Lathyrus sativus) C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor KEIO_ID A044 β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes[1][2].

Norspermidine

Initiating explosive iminobispropylamine (dot)

C6H17N3 (131.1422)

Norspermidine, also known as caldine or dipropylentriamin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Norspermidine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Norspermidine has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as narrowleaf cattails, agaves, hickory nuts, sour cherries, and european chestnuts. Norspermidine is a polyamine of similar structure to the more common spermidine. While norspermidine has been found to occur naturally in some species of plants, bacteria, and algae, it is not known to be a natural product in humans as spermidine is. [HMDB]. Norspermidine is found in many foods, some of which are lentils, sweet bay, sea-buckthornberry, and lemon thyme. KEIO_ID B040

alpha-Mangostin

9H-Xanthen-9-one, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-

C24H26O6 (410.1729)

Alpha-mangostin is a member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a member of xanthones, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. Mangostin is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug. alpha-Mangostin is a natural product found in Garcinia merguensis, Garcinia cowa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (part of). A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. alpha-Mangostin is found in fruits. alpha-Mangostin is a pigment from Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen Pigment from Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen). alpha-Mangostin is found in fruits. alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM. alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

C7H5N3O6 (227.0178)

Trinitrotoluene, also known as tnt or S-trinitrotoluol, is a member of the class of compounds known as nitrobenzenes. Nitrobenzenes are compounds containing a nitrobenzene moiety, which consists of a benzene ring with a carbon bearing a nitro group. Trinitrotoluene is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trinitrotoluene can be found in a number of food items such as parsnip, broccoli, highbush blueberry, and sunburst squash (pattypan squash), which makes trinitrotoluene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Trinitrotoluene is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Trinitrotoluene (; TNT), or more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. This yellow solid is sometimes used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard measure of bombs and other explosives. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts . In some cases, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and emetics have been suggested as useful in reducing absorption of the general class of nitro compounds to which 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene belongs (L132) (T3DB). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 42 D053834 - Explosive Agents

(-)-Arctigenin

(3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL]DIHYDRO-3-[(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL]-2(3H)-FURANONE;2(3H)-FURANONE,4-[(3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL]DIHYDRO-3-[(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL]-,(3R,4R);(-)-ARCTIGENIN;ARCTIGENIN;ARCTIGENIN(P)

C21H24O6 (372.1573)

(-)-Arctigenin is found in burdock. (-)-Arctigenin is isolated from Cnicus benedictus, Forsythia viridissima, Arctium lappa, Ipomoea cairica and others (CCD).Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae , including the Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Saussurea heteromalla. It has shown antiviral and anticancer effects. It is the aglycone of arctiin. (Wikipedia (-)-Arctigenin is a lignan. Arctigenin is a natural product found in Centaurea cineraria, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Arctium lappa fruit (part of); Pumpkin Seed (part of) ... View More ... Isolated from Cnicus benedictus, Forsythia viridissima, Arctium lappa, Ipomoea cairica and others (CCD) Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions[1][2][3]. Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions[1][2][3].

Isokadsuranin

(+)-gamma-Schizandrin

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents. Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.

Baccatin III

C31H38O11 (586.2414)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.041 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.042 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.027 Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1]. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1].

Chelerythrine

17,18-dimethoxy-21-methyl-5,7-dioxa-21-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{14,19}]henicosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(19),15,17,20-nonaen-21-ium

C21H18NO4+ (348.1236)

Chelerythrine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an organic cation. A benzophenanthridine alkaloid evaluated as a kinase-inhibitor. Chelerythrine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum fagara, Zanthoxylum mayu, and other organisms with data available. Chelerythrine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from the plant Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). It is a potent, selective, and cell-permeable protein kinase C inhibitor. See also: Sanguinaria canadensis root (part of); Chelidonium majus flowering top (part of). A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Ajoene

3-{[(1Z)-3-(prop-2-ene-1-sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl]disulfanyl}prop-1-ene

C9H14OS3 (234.0207)

Ajoene is found in onion-family vegetables. Ajoene is isolated from garlic (Allium sativum) extracts. Nutriceutical with anti-cancer properties Ajoene is a chemical compound available from garlic (Allium sativum). The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of two isomers, E-, and Z- 4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide. Ajoene, an unsaturated disulfide, is formed from the bonding of three allicin molecules. Allicin is a sulfinyl compound that gives garlic its strong odor and flavor. The release of allicin occurs after a garlic clove is crushed or finely chopped. Subsequent formation of ajoene occurs when allicin is dissolved in various solvents including edible oils. Ajoene is also found in garlic extract. Ajoene is most stable and most abundant in macerate of garlic (chopped garlic in edible oil) Ajoene is a member of the class of compounds known as sulfoxides. Sulfoxides are compounds containing a sulfoxide functional group, with the structure RS(=O)R (R,R not H). Ajoene is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ajoene can be found in garlic, onion-family vegetables, and soft-necked garlic, which makes ajoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of up to four isomers, which differ in terms of the stereochemistry of central alkene (E- vs Z-) and the chirality of the sulfoxide . D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Butanone

Methyl(ethyl) ketone

C4H8O (72.0575)

Butanone occurs as a natural product. It is made by some trees and found in some fruits and vegetables in small amounts. It is also released to the air from car and truck exhausts. The known health effects to people from exposure to butanone are irritation of the nose, throat, skin, and eyes. (wikipedia).

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

{[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl}(3-aminopropyl)methylsulfanium

C14H23N6O3S+ (355.1552)

S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a biological sulfonium compound known as the major biological methyl donor. It is also a donor of methylene groups, amino groups, ribosyl groups and aminopropyl groups (PMID 15130560). S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a prodcut of enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.50] in methionine metabolism pathway (KEGG). [HMDB] S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a biological sulfonium compound known as the major biological methyl donor. It is also a donor of methylene groups, amino groups, ribosyl groups and aminopropyl groups (PMID 15130560). S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a prodcut of enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.50] in methionine metabolism pathway (KEGG).

epsilon-Caprolactone

epsilon-Captolactamium hydrogen sulfate

C6H10O2 (114.0681)

ε-Caprolactone, also known simply as caprolactone, is a compound belonging to the family of compounds known as lactones. Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxyl carboxylic acids, wherein the functional group has become part of a ring structure with carbon atoms. Caprolactone consists of a seven membered ring derived from the cyclization of caproic acid. As a monomer it used in the production of highly specialized plastics and polymers. Caprolactone is produced by the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with peracetic acid, and was used previously (until economically inviable) as a precursor in the production of caprolactam. Several other caprolactone isomers are known. These isomers include α-, β-, γ-, and δ-caprolactones. All are chiral. (R)-γ-caprolactone is a component of floral scents and of the aromas of some fruits and vegetables (Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 37: 413–418), while δ-caprolactone is found in heated milk fat (Journal of Dairy Science. 48 (5): 615–616).

Tos-phe-CH2CL

Benzenesulfonamide,N-[3-chloro-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-4-methyl-

C17H18ClNO3S (351.0696)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents > D000590 - Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

2-Deoxy-L-arabinose

(2S,4R,5S)-tetrahydropyran-2,4,5-triol

C5H10O4 (134.0579)

5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide

{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(5-amino-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid

C8H14N3O7P (295.0569)

5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), is an intermediate of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. It is also the precursor to 4-amino-2-methyl-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP), the first product of pyrimidine biosynthesis. This reaction is mediated by the enzyme HMP-P kinase (ThiD). HMP is a precursor of thiamine phosphate (TMP), and subsequently to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP is an essential cofactor in all living systems that plays a central role in metabolism. (PMID: 15326535). 5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide is a substrate for a number of proteins including: Scaffold attachment factor B2, Multifunctional protein ADE2, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 25, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C, Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1, Vinexin, Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3, Antileukoproteinase 1 and Scaffold attachment factor B. 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), is an intermediate of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. It is also the precursor to 4-amino-2-methyl-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP), the first product of pyrimidine biosynthesis. This reaction is mediated by the enzyme HMP-P kinase (ThiD). HMP is a precursor of thiamine phosphate (TMP), and subsequently to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP is an essential cofactor in all living systems that plays a central role in metabolism. (PMID: 15326535) COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

LysoSM(d18:1)

{[(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}[2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethoxy]phosphinic acid

C23H50N2O5P+ (465.3457)

D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is an intermediate in Sphingolipid metabolism. D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Digalactosylceramidesulfate and is converted from Sphingosine via the enzyme sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase ( EC 2.7.8.10). It is then converted to Sphingomyelin via the enzyme sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24). [HMDB] D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is an intermediate in Sphingolipid metabolism. D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Digalactosylceramidesulfate and is converted from Sphingosine via the enzyme sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase ( EC 2.7.8.10). It is then converted to Sphingomyelin via the enzyme sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24).

SAICAR

(2S)-2-({5-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}formamido)butanedioic acid

C13H19N4O12P (454.0737)

SAICAR, also known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide or phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide, is a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. SAICAR is an intermediate in purine metabolism. SAICAR is converted from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyribonucleotide (CAIR) via phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase (EC: 6.3.2.6) or SAICAR synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the eighth step in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. SAICAR (a ribotide) can lose its phosphate group leading to the appearance of a riboside known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) in cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and, to a lesser extent, in plasma. This particular riboside (called SAICAr) is characteristic of a heritable deficiency known as adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSL). On the other hand, the ribotide (SAICAR) is generally harmless and is an essential intermediate in purine metabolism. When present in sufficiently high levels, SAICAR can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. As an oncometabolite, high levels of SAICAR stimulate pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promote cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions such as aerobic glycolysis (PMID: 23086999). SAICAR (or (S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate) is a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. SAICAR is an intermediate in purine metabolism. (S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate is converted from 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl) imidazole-4-carboxylate via phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase [EC: 6.3.2.6] or SAICAR synthase. This enzyme catalyses the seventh step out of ten in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. The appearance of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) and succinyladenosine (S-Ado) in cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and to a lesser extent in plasma is characteristic of a heritable deficiency Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. [HMDB]. SAICAR is found in many foods, some of which are sweet potato, black chokeberry, common wheat, and globe artichoke. SAICAR. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3031-95-6 (retrieved 2024-08-20) (CAS RN: 3031-95-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Calyculin A

[(3R,5R,7R,8S,9S)-2-[(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z)-14-cyano-3,5-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-4,6,8,9,13-pentamethyl-tetradeca-7,9,11,13-tetraenyl]-9-[(E)-3-[2-[(1S)-3-[[(2S,3S,4S)-4-(dimethylamino)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-pentanoyl]amino]-1-methyl-propyl]oxazol-4-yl]allyl]-7-hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate

C50H81N4O15P (1008.5436)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Uroporphyrin I

3-[9,14,19-tris(2-carboxyethyl)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1(21),2,4,6,8(23),9,11,13,15,17,19-undecaen-4-yl]propanoic acid

C40H38N4O16 (830.2283)

Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. Uroporphyrins have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to their pyrrole rings. The enzyme uroporphyrinogen I synthase catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from four molecules of porphobilinogen. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase then catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane into uroporphyrinogen III. Otherwise, hydroxymethylbilane cyclizes nonenzymatically to form uroporphyrinogen I. Uroporphyrinogen I and III yield their respective uroporphyrins via autooxidation or their respective coproporphyrinogens via decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both uroporphyrin I and uroporphyrin III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. Under certain conditions, uroporphyrin I can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503). Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both types I and III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda.Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. [HMDB]

Diacetylmonoxime

3-hydroxyiminobutan-2-one

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002801 - Cholinesterase Reactivators D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D002863 - Chromogenic Compounds D004793 - Enzyme Reactivators D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents

Succimer

Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-, (r*,s*)-isomer

C4H6O4S2 (181.9708)

Succimer is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them. [PubChem]Succimer is a heavy metal chelator. It binds with high specificity to ions of lead in the blood to form a water-soluble complex that is subsequently excreted by the kidneys. Succimer can also chelate mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in this manner. D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes

Tetraprenol

2,6,10,14-Hexadecatetraen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-, (2E,6E,10E)- (9CI)

C20H34O (290.261)

Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[1][2][3][4]. Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[1][2][3][4].

Inulicin

2H-Cyclohepta(b)furan-2-one, 3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5,7-dimethyl-3-methylene-, 6-acetate, (+)-

C17H24O5 (308.1624)

Britannilactone 1-O-acetate is a natural product found in Pentanema britannicum and Inula japonica with data available. Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) is an active compound that inhibits VEGF-mediated activation of Src and FAK. Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) inhibits LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation and translocation. Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) is an active compound that inhibits VEGF-mediated activation of Src and FAK. Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) inhibits LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation and translocation.

(E,E)-Trichostachine

(2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

(E,E)-Trichostachine is found in herbs and spices. (E,E)-Trichostachine is an alkaloid from Piper nigrum (pepper Alkaloid from Piper nigrum (pepper). (E,E)-Trichostachine is found in herbs and spices and pepper (spice).

Embelin

2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

C17H26O4 (294.1831)

Embelin (Embelic acid), a potent, nonpeptidic XIAP inhibitor (IC50=4.1 μM), inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and activates caspase-9 in prostate cancer cells with high levels of XIAP. Embelin blocks NF-kappaB signaling pathway leading to suppression of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products. Embelin also induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2][3]. Embelin (Embelic acid), a potent, nonpeptidic XIAP inhibitor (IC50=4.1 μM), inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and activates caspase-9 in prostate cancer cells with high levels of XIAP. Embelin blocks NF-kappaB signaling pathway leading to suppression of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products. Embelin also induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2][3].

5-O-Methylembelin

2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-undecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

C18H28O4 (308.1987)

5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].

1'-Acetoxychavicol

(AlphaS)-4-(acetyloxy)-alpha-ethenylbenzenemethanol

C13H14O4 (234.0892)

1-Acetoxychavicol is found in herbs and spices. 1-Acetoxychavicol is a constituent of Acorus calamus (sweet flag). Constituent of Acorus calamus (sweet flag). 1-Acetoxychavicol is found in herbs and spices and root vegetables.

Cleistanthin

9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-[(3R,4R,5R)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3H-benzo[f]isobenzofuran-1-one

C28H28O11 (540.1632)

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone

1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone, 9CI

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is found in coffee and coffee products. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is extracted from coffee residues. Potential component of FEMA 3662. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a mixture of dihydroxyacetophenone isomers is used in food flavourin D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant[1][2]. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant[1][2].

3-Oxo-4-phenyl-butyricacidethylester

alpha,beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulphite

C9H6Cl6O3S (403.8169)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

geldanamycin

Carbamic acid (6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl) ester

C29H40N2O9 (560.2734)

A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. it is an ansamycin antibiotic and thus shows antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Geldanamycin is a Hsp90 inhibitor with antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Geldanamycin has anti-influenza virus H5N1 activities.

Herbimycin

herbimycin a

C30H42N2O9 (574.289)

A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D012294 - Rifamycins D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

calpeptin

N-[4-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)pentan-2-yl]carbamic acid (phenylmethyl) ester

C20H30N2O4 (362.2205)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors

Manumycin A

(2E,4E,6R)-N-[(1S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-5-[(1E,3E,5E)-7-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino]-7-oxo-hepta-1,3,5-trienyl]-2-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-3-yl]-2,4,6-trimethyl-deca-2,4-dienamide

C31H38N2O7 (550.2679)

A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties. Manumycin A is a polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties. It has a role as an EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an antimicrobial agent, a bacterial metabolite, an antiatherosclerotic agent and a marine metabolite. It is a polyketide, an enamide, an epoxide, an organic heterobicyclic compound, a secondary carboxamide and a tertiary alcohol. Manumycin A is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus, and Streptomyces parvulus D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

beta-Ionone

(E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one

C13H20O (192.1514)

Beta-ionone is a colorless to light yellow liquid with an odor of cedar wood. In very dilute alcoholic solution the odor resembles odor of violets. Used in perfumery. Beta-ionone is an ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as an antioxidant and a fragrance. beta-Ionone is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. beta-Ionone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. beta-Ionone, also known as (e)-b-ionone or trans-beta-ionone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Found in many essential oils including oil of Boronia megastigma (brown boronia) and coml. ionone. Flavouring agent An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=79-77-6 (retrieved 2024-11-06) (CAS RN: 79-77-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Pyricarbate

N-methyl[(6-{[(methyl-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)oxy]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]carboximidic acid

C11H15N3O4 (253.1063)

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396

sits

4-Acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid

C17H14N2O7S3 (453.9963)

IAA-94

(S)-2-((6,7-Dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid

C17H18Cl2O4 (356.0582)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid

C14H10N2O10S2 (429.9777)

Nocodazole

(5-(2-Thienylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

C14H11N3O3S (301.0521)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents Same as: D05197

Paxilline

2H-1-Benzopyrano(5,6:6,7)indeno(1,2-b)indol-3(4bh)-one, 5,6,6a,7,12,12b,12c,13,14,14a-decahydro-4b-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-12b,12c-dimethyl-, (2-alpha,4b-beta,6a-alpha,12b-beta,12c-alpha,14a-beta)-

C27H33NO4 (435.2409)

Paxilline is an indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. It has a role as a mycotoxin, a Penicillium metabolite, an anticonvulsant, an Aspergillus metabolite, a potassium channel blocker, a genotoxin, a geroprotector and an EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterohexacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a terpenoid indole alkaloid, an enone and a diterpene alkaloid. Paxilline is a natural product found in Penicillium thiersii, Aspergillus foveolatus, and other organisms with data available. Tremorgenic agent from Penicillium paxilli, Acremonium lorii, Emericella foveolata, Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata Paxilline is a potassium channel blocker. Paxilline is a toxic, tremorgenic indole alkaloid produced by Penicillium paxilli An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. Tremorgenic agent from Penicillium paxilli, Acremonium lorii, Emericella foveolata, Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from Penicillium paxilli, acts as a potent BK channels inhibitor by an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline also inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50s between 5 μM and 50 μM for differing isoforms. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity[1][2][3].

Stilben-4-ol

trans-4-hydroxystilbene;

C14H12O (196.0888)

L-365260

N-[(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)urea

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

L-365260 is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance[1][2][3].

2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C19H17NO3 (307.1208)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2152 - Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

PD 123319

1-[[4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl]-5-(1-oxo-2,2-diphenylethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid

C31H32N4O3 (508.2474)

D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D057912 - Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents

Squalamine

3beta-N-1-(N-[3-(4-aminobutyl)]- 1,3-diaminopropane)-7alpha,24R-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestane 24-sulfate

C34H65N3O5S (627.4645)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C2143 - Endothelial Cell Inhibitor D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors

Jaspamide

jasplakinolide

C36H45BrN4O6 (708.2522)

A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals

Latrunculin A

(4R)-4-[(1R,4E,8Z,10E,12S,15R,17R)-17-hydroxy-5,12-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,16-dioxabicyclo[13.3.1]nonadeca-4,8,10-trien-17-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-one

C22H31NO5S (421.1923)

A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.

Chavicol

laquo gammaraquo -(P-Hydroxyphenyl)-alpha -propylene

C9H10O (134.0732)

Chavicol is found in allspice. Chavicol is found in many essential oils, e.g. anise and Gardenia. Chavicol is used in perfumery and flavours. Found in many essential oils, e.g. anise and Gardenia. It is used in perfumery and flavours.

Schidigerasaponin D5

2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(5,7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

Schidigerasaponin D5 is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa and Asparagus gobicus with data available. Melongoside E is found in fruits. Melongoside E is a constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Melongoside E is found in fruits and eggplant. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.

DL-Proline

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

Proline, also known as dl-proline or hpro, belongs to proline and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Proline is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Proline can be found in a number of food items such as yellow zucchini, swiss chard, spinach, and cucumber, which makes proline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P; encoded by the codons CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated NH2+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate . CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 53 (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Stirrup

InChI=1\C15H26O\c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16\h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3\b14-9+,15-11

C15H26O (222.1984)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2].

Alizarin

1,2-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

Alizarin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a chromophore, a dye and a plant metabolite. Alizarin is a natural product found in Oldenlandia umbellata, Rubia alata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rubia tinctorum root (part of). A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.

Magnolol

5,5 inverted exclamation mark -Diallyl-2,2 inverted exclamation mark -biphenyldiol

C18H18O2 (266.1307)

Magnolol is a member of biphenyls. Magnolol is a natural product found in Magnolia garrettii, Illicium simonsii, and other organisms with data available. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively.

(-)-Parthenolide

4,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.0^{2,4}]tetradec-7-en-13-one

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

2,3-Butanedione monoxime

Potassium 2,3-butanedione monoximate

C4H7NO2 (101.0477)

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid

N-{4-[2-(4-isothiocyanato-2-sulphophenyl)ethenyl]-3-sulphophenyl}ethanimidic acid

C17H14N2O7S3 (453.9963)

4-Hydroxystilbene

4-(2-phenylethenyl)phenol

C14H12O (196.0888)

Garcinol

3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]-6,6-dimethyl-1-[5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl]-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione

herbimycin a

({8,13,14,17-tetramethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-9-yl}oxy)methanimidate

C30H42N2O9 (574.289)

Indirubin-3'-monoxime

3-nitroso-1H,1H-[2,3-biindole]-2-ol

C16H11N3O2 (277.0851)

Indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β inhibitor, and weakly inhibits 5-Lipoxygenase, with IC50s of 22 nM and 7.8-10 μM, respectively; Indirubin-3'-monoxime also shows inhibitory activities against CDK5/p25 and CDK1/cyclin B, with IC50s of 100 and 180 nM.

Isofuranodiene

3,6,10-trimethyl-4H,7H,8H,11H-cyclodeca[b]furan

C15H20O (216.1514)

N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid

2-({3-carboxy-1-hydroxy-2-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]propylidene}amino)pentanedioate

C11H16N2O8 (304.0907)

D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Spaglumic Acid (N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.

THIODICARB

[1-(methylsulfanyl)ethylidene]amino N-methyl-N-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-5-oxa-2-thia-4,7-diazaoct-3-en-7-yl)sulfanyl]carbamate

C10H18N4O4S3 (354.049)

Tyrosine

L-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Proline

L-(-)-Proline

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Embelin

2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl- (9CI)

C17H26O4 (294.1831)

Embelin is a member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. Embelin is a natural product found in Ardisia paniculata, Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. Embelin (Embelic acid), a potent, nonpeptidic XIAP inhibitor (IC50=4.1 μM), inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and activates caspase-9 in prostate cancer cells with high levels of XIAP. Embelin blocks NF-kappaB signaling pathway leading to suppression of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products. Embelin also induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2][3]. Embelin (Embelic acid), a potent, nonpeptidic XIAP inhibitor (IC50=4.1 μM), inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and activates caspase-9 in prostate cancer cells with high levels of XIAP. Embelin blocks NF-kappaB signaling pathway leading to suppression of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products. Embelin also induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2][3].

Monocrotaline

2H-(1,6)DIOXACYCLOUNDECINO(2,3,4-GH)PYRROLIZINE-2,6(3H)-DIONE, 4,5,8,10,12,13,13A,13B-OCTAHYDRO-4,5-DIHYDROXY-3,4,5-TRIMETHYL-, (3R-(3R*,4R*,5R*,13AR*,13BR*))-

C16H23NO6 (325.1525)

Monocrotaline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline is a natural product found in Crotalaria novae-hollandiae, Crotalaria recta, and other organisms with data available. A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.154 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.142 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.145 Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline inhibits OCT-1 and OCT-2 with IC50s of 36.8 μM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline has antitumor activity and is cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Monocrotaline is used to induce a model of pulmonary hypertension in rodents. [2][6][8]. Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline inhibits OCT-1 and OCT-2 with IC50s of 36.8 μM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline has antitumor activity and is cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Monocrotaline is used to induce a model of pulmonary hypertension in rodents. [2][6][8].

Deguelin

(1S,14S)-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.015,20]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one

C23H22O6 (394.1416)

Deguelin is a rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antiviral agent, a mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent and an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor. It is a member of rotenones, an aromatic ether, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a diether. Deguelin is a natural product found in Tephrosia vogelii, Derris montana, and other organisms with data available. A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB. Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent by blocking multiple pathways like PI3K-Akt, IKK-NF-κB, and MAPK-mTOR-survivin-mediated apoptosis. Deguelin binding to Hsp90 leads to a decreased expression of numerous oncogenic proteins, including MEK1/2, Akt, HIF1α, COX-2, and NF-κB.

Baccatin_III

7,11-Methano-5H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-5-one, 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-1,2a,3,4,4a,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,9,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-, (2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha,11alpha,12alpha,12aalpha,12balpha))-

C31H38O11 (586.2414)

Baccatin III is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an acetate ester and a benzoate ester. It derives from a hydride of a taxane. Baccatin III is a natural product found in Corylus avellana, Taxus wallichiana, and other organisms with data available. Baccatin III is a compound obtained from the needles of the Taxus baccata tree that is used as a precursor of paclitaxel. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1]. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1].

Schidigerasaponin D5

2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(5,7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

Asiatic Acid

(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid

C30H48O5 (488.3502)

Esculentic acid (diplazium) is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Esculentic acid (diplazium) is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Esculentic acid (diplazium) can be found in green vegetables, which makes esculentic acid (diplazium) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.377 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.378 Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2]. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2].

Xanthohumol

2,4,4-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-prenylchalcone

C21H22O5 (354.1467)

C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C63817 - Chemokine Receptor Antagonist > C107589 - CXCR4 Inhibitor Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent IPB_RECORD: 2221; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 4121; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 4101; CONFIDENCE confident structure Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

3-Aminopropanenitrile

C3H6N2 (70.0531)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes[1][2].

Psychosine

1-beta-galactosyl-sphing-4-enine

C24H47NO7 (461.3352)

A glycosylsphingoid consisting of sphingosine having a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at the 1-position.

L(-)-Carvone

Carvone, (-)-

C10H14O (150.1045)

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2]. (-)-Carvone is an insect neurotoxin and a irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. (-)-Carvone can be used as a bird repellent, inhibits larval growth, decreases pupatation rate, and increases mortality of larvae[1][2].

(-)-Guttiferone E

3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-5-[5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl]-1,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione

(-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. (-)-Guttiferone E is a constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. Constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].

Cucurbitacin E

acetic acid [(E,5R)-5-[(8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-3,11-diketo-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-5-hydroxy-4-keto-1,1-dimethyl-hex-2-enyl] ester

C32H44O8 (556.3036)

Cucurbitacin e is a member of the class of compounds known as cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins are polycyclic compounds containing the tetracyclic cucurbitane nucleus skeleton, 19-(10->9b)-abeo-10alanost-5-ene (also known as 9b-methyl-19-nor lanosta-5-ene), with a variety of oxygenation functionalities at different positions. Cucurbitacin e is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucurbitacin e is a bitter tasting compound found in cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon, which makes cucurbitacin e a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cucurbitacin E is a natural compound which from Cucurbitaceae plants. Cucurbitacin E significantly suppresses the activity of the cyclin B1/CDC2 complex. Cucurbitacin E is a natural compound which from Cucurbitaceae plants. Cucurbitacin E significantly suppresses the activity of the cyclin B1/CDC2 complex.

Obacunone

Oxireno(4,4a)-2-benzopyrano(6,5-g)(2)benzoxepin-3,5,9(3aH,4bH,6H)-trione, 1-(3-furanyl)-1,6a,7,11a,11b,12,13,13a-octahydro-4b,7,7,11a,13a-pentamethyl-, (1S,3aS,4aR,4bR,6aR,11aR,11bR,11bR,13aS)-

C26H30O7 (454.1991)

Obacunone is a limonoid. Obacunone is a natural product found in Limonia acidissima, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1]. Obacunone, isolated from Citrus fruits, exhibits anti-tumor activity by the induction of apoptosis[1].

Lupenone

(1R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-1-Isopropenyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-eicosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one

C30H48O (424.3705)

Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

Osthol

InChI=1/C15H16O3/c1-10(2)4-7-12-13(17-3)8-5-11-6-9-14(16)18-15(11)12/h4-6,8-9H,7H2,1-3H

C15H16O3 (244.1099)

Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite. Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica pubescens root (part of). A natural product found in Peucedanum ostruthium and Angelica pubescens. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Origin: Plant, Coumarins Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.

Cucurbitacin B

acetic acid [(E,5R)-5-[(2S,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-3,11-diketo-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-2,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-5-hydroxy-4-keto-1,1-dimethyl-hex-2-enyl] ester

C32H46O8 (558.3193)

Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5].

Chelidonin

Chelidonine

C20H19NO5 (353.1263)

Annotation level-1 http://casmi-contest.org/examples.shtml; CASMI2012 Example 1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.627 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.621 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2461; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 921; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3]. Chelidonine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from Chelidonium majus L.. Chelidonine causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, and prevents cell cycle progression of stem cells in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine has cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines. with anticancer and antiviral activity[1][2][3].

Amygdalin

(R)-2-phenyl-2-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)acetonitrile

C20H27NO11 (457.1584)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents (R)-amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. D-Amygdalin is a natural product found in Prunus spinosa, Gerbera jamesonii, and other organisms with data available. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04) A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C29724 - Cyanoglycoside Agent An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C20H27NO11; Bottle Name:Amygdalin; PRIME Parent Name:Amygdalin; PRIME in-house No.:V0293, Glycosides, Nitriles Annotation level-1 Neoamygdalin is a natural product found in Prunus virginiana, Prunus serotina, and other organisms with data available. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04) A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the stones of rosaceous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almond, cherries, and plums. Neoamygdalin is a compound identified in the different processed bitter almonds. Neoamygdalin has the potential for the research of cough and asthma[1].

INDIRUBIN-3-MONOXIME

3-[1,3-dihydro-3-(hydroxyimino)-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

C16H11N3O2 (277.0851)

A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3 has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime. Indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β inhibitor, and weakly inhibits 5-Lipoxygenase, with IC50s of 22 nM and 7.8-10 μM, respectively; Indirubin-3'-monoxime also shows inhibitory activities against CDK5/p25 and CDK1/cyclin B, with IC50s of 100 and 180 nM.

cambogin

IsogarcinolMyriceric acid CCrocin IVLyciumin BTraxillasideGlochidoneCeplignanPrunasinCroverin(2α,3β,4α)-2,3,19-Trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23,28-dioic acidEuphoheliosnoid A7α-O-Ethylmorroniside3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acidL-Hyoscyamine sulfateLuteone

Garcinol is a monoterpenoid. CID 5281560 is a natural product found in Garcinia assugu, Garcinia pedunculata, and other organisms with data available. Isogarcinol is a natural product found in Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia cowa, and other organisms with data available. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone

3 inverted exclamation mark ,4 inverted exclamation mark -Dihydroxyacetophenone

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is found in coffee and coffee products. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is extracted from coffee residues. Potential component of FEMA 3662. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a mixture of dihydroxyacetophenone isomers is used in food flavourin 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone is a member of acetophenones. It has a role as a metabolite. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a natural product found in Vincetoxicum atratum, Picea obovata, and other organisms with data available. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant[1][2]. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant[1][2].

5-O-Methylembelin

2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-undecyl-

C18H28O4 (308.1987)

5-O-methyl embelin is a member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is embelin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antileishmanial activity as well as inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as a metabolite, a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antileishmanial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an enol ether and a member of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones. It is functionally related to an embelin. 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural product found in Lysimachia punctata, Embelia schimperi, and other organisms with data available. 5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].

doxazosin

Doxazosin, (R)-

C23H25N5O5 (451.1856)

C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C29707 - Vasodilating Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3293

sanguinarine

[C20H14NO4]+ (332.0923)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents Annotation level-1 IPB_RECORD: 1581; CONFIDENCE confident structure

Genistein

Sophoricol

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2181; CONFIDENCE confident structure Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Tyrosine

L-(-)-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0739)

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 56 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Proline

H-DL-Pro-OH

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Magnolol

2-(2-hydroxy-5-prop-2-enyl-phenyl)-4-prop-2-enyl-phenol

C18H18O2 (266.1307)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Annotation level-1 Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively.

Colchicine

(1e)-N-[(7s)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl] ethanimidic acid

C22H25NO6 (399.1682)

An alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum. Colchicine appears as odorless or nearly odorless pale yellow needles or powder that darkens on exposure to light. Used to treat gouty arthritis, pseudogout, sarcoidal arthritis and calcific tendinitis. (EPA, 1998) (S)-colchicine is a colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. It has a role as a mutagen, an anti-inflammatory agent and a gout suppressant. It is a colchicine and an alkaloid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-colchicine. Colchicine is an Alkaloid. Colchicine is a plant alkaloid that is widely used for treatment of gout. Colchicine has not been associated with acute liver injury or liver test abnormalities except with serious overdoses. Colchicine is a natural product found in Colchicum arenarium, Colchicum bivonae, and other organisms with data available. Colchicine is an alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale with anti-gout and anti-inflammatory activities. The exact mechanism of action by which colchicines exerts its effect has not been completely established. Colchicine binds to tubulin, thereby interfering with the polymerization of tubulin, interrupting microtubule dynamics, and disrupting mitosis. This leads to an inhibition of migration of leukocytes and other inflammatory cells, thereby reducing the inflammatory response to deposited urate crystals. Colchicine may also interrupt the cycle of monosodium urate crystal deposition in joint tissues, thereby also preventing the resultant inflammatory response. Overall, colchicine decreases leukocyte chemotaxis/migration and phagocytosis to inflamed areas, and inhibits the formation and release of a chemotactic glycoprotein that is produced during phagocytosis of urate crystals. A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE). See also: Colchicine; probenecid (component of). A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M04 - Antigout preparations > M04A - Antigout preparations > M04AC - Preparations with no effect on uric acid metabolism COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, Guide to PHARMACOLOGY C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2258 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1172 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.982 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.979 Colchicine is a tubulin inhibitor and a microtubule disrupting agent. Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization with an IC50 of 3 nM[1][2][3]. Colchicine is also a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptors (GlyRs)[4]. Colchicine is a tubulin inhibitor and a microtubule disrupting agent. Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization with an IC50 of 3 nM[1][2][3]. Colchicine is also a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptors (GlyRs)[4].

Mangostin

9H-Xanthen-9-one, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (9CI)

C24H26O6 (410.1729)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.514 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.515 alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM. alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM.

Piperyline

Trichostachine

C16H17NO3 (271.1208)

A N-acylpyrrolidine that is pyrollidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.

Tamoxifen

C26H29NO (371.2249)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BA - Anti-estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D020847 - Estrogen Receptor Modulators D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9057; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9056 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9069; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9068 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9071; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9070 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9105 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9123 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1073; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9110; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9109 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2715 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8612

medroxyprogesterone

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8739

4-Guanidinobutyric acid

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

Ropivacaine

C17H26N2O (274.2045)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent

Alizarin

InChI=1\C14H8O4\c15-10-6-5-9-11(14(10)18)13(17)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)12(9)16\h1-6,15,18

C14H8O4 (240.0423)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Piceatannol

1,2-Benzenediol, {4-[2-(3,} 5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-, (E)-

C14H12O4 (244.0736)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI)[1]. Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties[2]. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines[3]. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells[4]. Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI)[1]. Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties[2]. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines[3]. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells[4].

Farnesol

InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9+,15-11

C15H26O (222.1984)

A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. Farnesol is a colorless liquid with a delicate floral odor. (NTP, 1992) Farnesol is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a polyprenol. trans,trans-Farnesol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. (2-trans,6-trans)-Farnesol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria.

bis(3-aminopropyl)amine

C6H17N3 (131.1422)

Crocetin

(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid8,8-diapocarotene-8,8-dioic acid

C20H24O4 (328.1675)

Crocetin is a 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a carotenoic acid, a diterpenoid and a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a crocetin(2-). Vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma. Crocetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available. A 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower and Gardenia jasminoides (fruits).

ST 22:3;O3

(6alpha)-17-hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

C22H32O3 (344.2351)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10301; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10299 C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10334; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10329 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10348; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10343 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10386 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10401; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10399 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1391; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10415; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10413 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2395 INTERNAL_ID 2395; CONFIDENCE standard compound

Taxol

Paclitaxel

C47H51NO14 (853.3309)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products > L01CD - Taxanes C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2310 Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2]. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2].

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole

Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol

C7H5NS2 (166.9863)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite.

12-Hete

(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-Hydroxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid

C20H32O3 (320.2351)

A HETE that is icosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12. It is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. A HETE having a (12S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (8Z)-, (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.

Schidigerasaponin D5

2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-{5,7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0^{2,9}.0^{4,8}.0^{13,18}]icosane]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.

Zerumbone

(2E,6E,10E)-2,6,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one

C15H22O (218.1671)

Zerumbone is a monocyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zerumbone potently inhibits the activation of Epstein-Barr virus with an IC50 of 0.14 mM. Zerumbone has anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity[1][2]. Zerumbone is a monocyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zerumbone potently inhibits the activation of Epstein-Barr virus with an IC50 of 0.14 mM. Zerumbone has anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity[1][2].

Geranyl geraniol

3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2E,6E,10E,14-tetraen-1-ol

C20H34O (290.261)

DNDS

4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid

C14H10N2O10S2 (429.9777)

β-Ionone

beta-Ionone

C13H20O (192.1514)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].

nocodazole

C14H11N3O3S (301.0521)

Pyricarbate

Pyridinol carbamate

C11H15N3O4 (253.1063)

NPI 031L

4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Arctigenen

2(3H)-furanone, 4-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)dihydro-3-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-, (3R-trans)-

C21H24O6 (372.1573)

Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions[1][2][3]. Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions[1][2][3].

Ostol

InChI=1\C15H16O3\c1-10(2)4-7-12-13(17-3)8-5-11-6-9-14(16)18-15(11)12\h4-6,8-9H,7H2,1-3H

C15H16O3 (244.1099)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.

Furanodiene

InChI=1\C15H20O\c1-11-5-4-6-12(2)9-15-14(8-7-11)13(3)10-16-15\h6-7,10H,4-5,8-9H2,1-3H3\b11-7+,12-6

C15H20O (216.1514)

toddaline

Chelerythrine

C21H18NO4+ (348.1236)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

LS-2530

3-06-00-04981 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP), a naturally Germination inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects[1][2]. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP), a naturally Germination inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects[1][2].

LS-871

InChI=1\C13H20O\c1-10-6-5-9-13(3,4)12(10)8-7-11(2)14\h7-8H,5-6,9H2,1-4H3\b8-7

C13H20O (192.1514)

Chavicol

.gamma.-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-.alpha.-propylene

C9H10O (134.0732)

Meetco

Ethyl methyl ketone or methyl ethyl ketone [UN1193] [Flammable liquid]

C4H8O (72.0575)

Placcel M

5-17-09-00034 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

C6H10O2 (114.0681)

Rotax

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (in liquid mixtures)

C7H5NS2 (166.9863)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite.

FLUOROLINK(R) D

(e,e,e)-geranylgeraniol

C20H34O (290.261)

A diterpenoid that is hexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15 and a hydroxy group at position 1. A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. Geranylgeraniol, also known as tetraprenol or (2e,6e,10e)-geranylgeraniol, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. Acyclic diterpenoids are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle. Thus, geranylgeraniol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Geranylgeraniol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Geranylgeraniol can be found in flaxseed, which makes geranylgeraniol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Geranylgeraniol is a diterpene alcohol which plays a role in several important biological processes. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of other diterpenes and of vitamins E and K. It also used in the post-translational modification known as geranylgeranylation. Geranylgeraniol is a pheromone for bumblebees and a variety of other insects . Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[1][2][3][4]. Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[1][2][3][4].

Sphingosine 1-phosphate

C18H38NO5P (379.2487)

A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1 Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a phosphorylated sphingolipid metabolite with potent bioactive actions in the Sphingolipid metabolism, Calcium signaling pathway and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Generated by sphingosine kinases and ceramide kinase, S1P control numerous aspects of cell physiology, including cell survival and mammalian inflammatory responses. S1P is involved in cyclooxygenase-2 induction (COX-2), and regulate production of eicosanoids (important inflammatory mediators). S1P functions mainly via G-protein-coupled receptors and probably also has intracellular targets. (PMID 16219683) [HMDB]

2-Butanone

Methyl ethyl ketone

C4H8O (72.0575)

A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone or mek, is a member of the class of compounds known as ketones. Ketones are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, butanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Butanone is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Butanone is an acetone, camphor, and ethereal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as arctic blackberry, onion-family vegetables, sweet orange, and devilfish, which makes butanone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Butanone can be found primarily in blood, feces, saliva, and urine, as well as in human pancreas and stratum corneum tissues. Moreover, butanone is found to be associated with alcoholism. Butanone is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.

herbimycin a

C30H42N2O9 (574.289)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D012294 - Rifamycins D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

(6S)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid

C31H32N4O3 (508.2474)

D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D057912 - Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents

N-[(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(3-methylphenyl)urea

C24H22N4O2 (398.1743)

Timosaponin A-III

Smilagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside