Chemical Formula: C9H13NO3
Chemical Formula C9H13NO3
Found 98 metabolite its formula value is C9H13NO3
Epinephrine
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. It plays an important role in your body’s “fight-or-flight” response. It’s also used as a medication to treat many life-threatening conditions. Epinephrine is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is the active sympathomimetic hormone secreted from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. Epinephrine also constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in adipocytes. Epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system. [HMDB] Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. As a hormone, it’s made and released by your adrenal glands, which are hat-shaped glands that sit on top of each kidney. As a central nervous system neurotransmitter, it’s a chemical messenger that helps transmit nerve signals across nerve endings to another nerve cell, muscle cell or gland cell. Epinephrine is part of your sympathetic nervous system, which is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger — the “fight-or-flight” response. Medically, the flight-or-flight response is known as the acute stress response. Epinephrine is also called a catecholamine, as are norepinephrine and dopamine. They’re given this name because of a certain molecule in its structure. As a hormone, epinephrine is made from norepinephrine inside of your adrenal gland. As a neurotransmitter, epinephrine plays a small role. Only a small amount is produced in your nerves. It plays a role in metabolism, attention, focus, panic and excitement. Abnormal levels are linked to sleep disorders, anxiety, hypertension and lowered immunity. Epinephrine’s major action is in its role as a hormone. Epinephrine is released by your adrenal glands in response to stress. This reaction causes a number of changes in your body and is known as the fight-or-flight response.
Normetanephrine
Normetanephrine, also known as normetadrenaline or N111, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Normetanephrine is a solid that is soluble in water. Normetanephrine is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on norepinephrine. Within humans, normetanephrine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, normetanephrine can be converted into 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A. It is also involved in the metabolic disorder called transient tyrosinemia of the newborn. This compound is excreted in the urine and is found in certain tissues. It is a marker for catecholamine-secreting tumors such as pheochromocytoma (PMID: 30538672). A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors. [HMDB]
Levonordefrin
Levonordefrin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It acts as a topical nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor, most often used in dentistry.It is designed to mimic the molecular shape of adrenaline. It binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucosa. Here it can, therefore, cause vasoconstriction C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Same as: D02388 Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations. Levonordefrin is generally considered equivalent to epinephrine[1].
Methylnoradrenaline
Methylnoradrenaline is a norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent. -- Pubchem. A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent. -- Pubchem [HMDB] D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
Ginkgotoxin
Ginkgotoxin is a member of pyridines. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol is a natural product found in Ginkgo biloba with data available. Ginkgotoxin is found in fats and oils. Ginkgotoxin is isolated from seeds of maidenhair tree Ginkgo bilob 4'-O-Methylpyridoxine, a natural compound, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. 4'-O-Methylpyridoxine, a natural compound, possesses antioxidant activity[1].
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrohippuric acid
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrohippuric acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-aliphatic-alpha amino acids. These are alpha amino acids carrying a N-acylated aliphatic chain.
Oxidized-adrenal-ferredoxin
Oxidized-adrenal-ferredoxin, also known as Epinephrine racemic or Racepinefrine, is classified as a member of the Catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. Oxidized-adrenal-ferredoxin is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
4(1H)-Pyridinone, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
4(1H)-Pyridinone, 3-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-
Nordephrine
Same as: D02388 Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations. Levonordefrin is generally considered equivalent to epinephrine[1].
carbamic acid-(1-ethynyl-4t-hydroxy-cyclohex-r-yl ester)|Carbamidsaeure-(1-aethinyl-4t-hydroxy-cyclohex-r-ylester)|cis-1-Aethinyl-4-hydroxy-cyclohexylcarbamat|trans-4-Hydroxyethinamat
Epinephrine
R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AA - Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02B - Vitamin k and other hemostatics > B02BC - Local hemostatics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C126567 - Vasopressor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.050
Adrenaline
A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication[7][8] which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).[7][9] It appears as a white microcrystalline granule.[10] Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata.[11] It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node,[12] pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level.[13][14] It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors.[14] It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms.[15][16] It has also been isolated from the plant Scoparia dulcis found in Northern Vietnam.[17] As a medication, it is used to treat several conditions, including allergic reaction anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and superficial bleeding.[5] Inhaled adrenaline may be used to improve the symptoms of croup.[18] It may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective. It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.[5] Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. A fast heart rate and high blood pressure may occur. Occasionally it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm. While the safety of its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, the benefits to the mother must be taken into account.[5] A case has been made for the use of adrenaline infusion in place of the widely accepted treatment of inotropes for preterm infants with clinical cardiovascular compromise. Although sufficient data strongly recommends adrenaline infusions as a viable treatment, more trials are needed to conclusively determine that these infusions will successfully reduce morbidity and mortality rates among preterm, cardiovascularly compromised infants.[19] Epinephrine can also be used to treat open-angle glaucoma, as it has been found to lower the outflow of aqueous humor in the eye. This lowers the intraocular pressure in the eye and thus aids in treatment.
Racepinephrine
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
Ginkgotoxin
4'-O-Methylpyridoxine, a natural compound, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. 4'-O-Methylpyridoxine, a natural compound, possesses antioxidant activity[1].
4-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
(1R,2S)-METHYL1-AMINO-2-VINYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATEHCL
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid
4-ISOXAZOLECARBOXYLIC ACID, 3-ETHYL-5-METHYL-, ETHYL ESTER
Methyl 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethylpyrrole-3-carboxylate
(1S,2R,6S,7R)-4,4-DIMETHYL-3,5-DIOXA-8-AZATRICYCLO[5.2.1.0(2,6)]DECAN-9-ONE
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
1,2-Cyclohexanediol,1-ethynyl-,1-carbamate,trans-(9CI)
1,2-Cyclohexanediol,1-ethynyl-,1-carbamate,cis-(9CI)
[4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl]methanol
tert-Butyl 2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate
4(1H)-Pyridinone, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
(S)-adrenaline
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents The S-enantiomer of adrenaline.
Levonordefrin
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Same as: D02388 Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations. Levonordefrin is generally considered equivalent to epinephrine[1].
(2S)-2-amino-3-[(1S)-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]propanoate
(2S)-2-amino-3-[(1S)-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]propanoic acid
(3E,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)piperidine-2,4-dione
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrohippuric acid
An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specifed as cyclohex-1-en-1-ylcarbonyl.
chaetoglocin D
A member of the class of piperidones that is piperidine-2,4-dione substituted by an ethyl group at position 5 and a 1-hydroxyethylidene group at position 3 (the (3E,5R-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the solid-fermentation culture of Chaetomium globosum.
(R)-Adrenaline
The R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the fight-or-flight response.