Subcellular Location: basement membrane

(S)-Isocorydine

C20H23NO4 (341.1627)

Isocorydine is an aporphine alkaloid. Isocorydine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos saetabensis, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya. (S)-Isocorydine is an alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Isocorydine belongs to the family of Aporphines. These are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya. (S)-Isocorydine is an alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo Alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya and poppy. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2324 Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1]. Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1].

5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a member of chromones. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a natural product found in Calluna vulgaris, Leucosidea sericea, and other organisms with data available. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is found in nuts. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is isolated from peanut shells. Isolated from peanut shells. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is found in peanut and nuts. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1]. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1].

L-Valine

C5H11NO2 (117.079)

L-valine is the L-enantiomer of valine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a valine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-valinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-valinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-valine. It is a tautomer of a L-valine zwitterion. Valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. L-Valine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Valine is an aliphatic and extremely hydrophobic essential amino acid in humans related to leucine, Valine is found in many proteins, mostly in the interior of globular proteins helping to determine three-dimensional structure. A glycogenic amino acid, valine maintains mental vigor, muscle coordination, and emotional calm. Valine is obtained from soy, cheese, fish, meats and vegetables. Valine supplements are used for muscle growth, tissue repair, and energy. (NCI04) Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an -amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. It is named after the plant valerian. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to human life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in human health and disease holds great promise. BCAA denotes valine, isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates, leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in humans: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. Many types of inborn errors of BCAA metabolism exist, and are marked by various abnormalities. The most common form is the maple syrup urine disease, marked by a characteristic urinary odor. Other abnormalities are associated with a wide range of symptoms, such as mental retardation, ataxia, hypoglycemia, spinal muscle atrophy, rash, vomiting and excessive muscle movement. Most forms of BCAA metabolism errors are corrected by dietary restriction of BCAA and at least one form is correctable by supplementation with 10 mg of biotin daily. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, such as hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt; aromatic amino acids (AAA) tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, as well as methionine are increased in these conditions. Valine in particular, has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. All the BCAA probably compete with AAA for absorption into the brain. Supplemental BCAA with vitamin B6 and zinc help normalize the BCAA:AAA ratio. In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly. Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and ... Valine (Val) or L-valine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Valine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aliphatic amino acid. Valine was first isolated from casein in 1901 by Hermann Emil Fischer. The name valine comes from valeric acid, which in turn is named after the plant valerian due to the presence of valine in the roots of the plant. Valine is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. L-valine is a branched chain amino acid (BCAA). The BCAAs consist of leucine, valine and isoleucine (and occasionally threonine). BCAAs are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point at the beta-carbon position. BCAAs are critical to human life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in human health and disease holds great promise. BCAAs have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates (glucogenic), leucine solely to fats (ketogenic) and isoleucine being both a glucogenic and a ketogenic amino acid. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in humans: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Like other branched-chain amino acids, the catabolism of valine starts with the removal of the amino group by transamination, giving alpha-ketoisovalerate, an alpha-keto acid, which is converted to isobutyryl-CoA through oxidative decarboxylation by the branched-chain Œ±-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. This is further oxidised and rearranged to succinyl-CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. Many types of inborn errors of BCAA metabolism exist, and are marked by various abnormalities. The most common form is the maple syrup urine disease, marked by a characteristic urinary odor. Other abnormalities are associated with a wide range of symptoms, such as mental retardation, ataxia, hypoglycemia, spinal muscle atrophy, rash, vomiting and excessive muscle movement. Most forms of BCAA metabolism errors are corrected by dietary restriction of BCAA and at least one form is correctable by supplementation with 10 mg of biotin daily. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, such as hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt. Valine in particular, has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. Valine, like other branched-chain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance: higher levels of valine are observed in the blood of diabetic mice, rats, and humans (PMID: 25287287). Mice fed a valine deprivation diet for one day have improved insulin sensitivity and feeding of a valine deprivation diet for one week significantly decreases blood glucose levels (PMID: 24684822). In diet-induced obese and insulin resistant mice, a diet with decreased levels of valine and the other branched-chain amino acids results in reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity (PMID: 29266268). In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine ... L-valine, also known as (2s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid or L-(+)-alpha-aminoisovaleric acid, belongs to valine and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing valine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-valine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-valine can be found in watermelon, which makes L-valine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. L-valine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), breast milk, urine, and blood, as well as in human epidermis and fibroblasts tissues. L-valine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, L-valine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include streptomycin action pathway, tetracycline action pathway, methacycline action pathway, and kanamycin action pathway. L-valine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III, isovaleric aciduria, and methylmalonic aciduria. Moreover, L-valine is found to be associated with schizophrenia, alzheimers disease, paraquat poisoning, and hypervalinemia. L-valine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. In the genetic code it is encoded by all codons starting with GU, namely GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine)
This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates.
The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic.
There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological pr... L-Valine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7004-03-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 72-18-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Valine (Valine) is a new nonlinear semiorganic material[1]. L-Valine (Valine) is a new nonlinear semiorganic material[1].

Digin

C27H44O4 (432.3239)

Gitogenin is a triterpenoid. Gitogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Allium rotundum, and other organisms with data available. Gitogenin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Gitogenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gitogenin can be found in fenugreek, which makes gitogenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Gitogenin is a natural steroid isolated from the whole plant of Tribulus longipetalus. Gitogenin is a selective inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) and enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.69 μM (use trifluoperazine as a substrate) and 37.2 μM, respectively, and does not inhibit the activities of major human cytochrome P450 isoforms[1][2]. Gitogenin is a natural steroid isolated from the whole plant of Tribulus longipetalus. Gitogenin is a selective inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) and enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.69 μM (use trifluoperazine as a substrate) and 37.2 μM, respectively, and does not inhibit the activities of major human cytochrome P450 isoforms[1][2].

Adenine

C5H5N5 (135.0545)

Adenine is the parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purine nucleobase and a member of 6-aminopurines. It derives from a hydride of a 9H-purine. A purine base and a fundamental unit of adenine nucleotides. Adenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenine is a natural product found in Fritillaria cirrhosa, Annona purpurea, and other organisms with data available. Adenine is a purine nucleobase with an amine group attached to the carbon at position 6. Adenine is the precursor for adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleosides. Adenine is a purine base. Adenine is found in both DNA and RNA. Adenine is a fundamental component of adenine nucleotides. Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. Purine inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are serious hereditary disorders, which should be suspected in any case of neonatal fitting, failure to thrive, recurrent infections, neurological deficit, renal disease, self-mutilation and other manifestations. Investigation usually starts with uric acid (UA) determination in urine and plasma. (OMIM 300322, 229600, 603027, 232400, 232600, 232800, 201450, 220150, 232200, 162000, 164050, 278300). (A3372, A3373). Adenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES. See also: adenine; dextrose, unspecified form (component of) ... View More ... Adenine is a purine base. Adenine is found in both DNA and RNA. Adenine is a fundamental component of adenine nucleotides. Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. Purine inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are serious hereditary disorders, which should be suspected in any case of neonatal fitting, failure to thrive, recurrent infections, neurological deficit, renal disease, self-mutilation and other manifestations. Investigation usually starts with uric acid (UA) determination in urine and plasma. (OMIM 300322, 229600, 603027, 232400, 232600, 232800, 201450, 220150, 232200, 162000, 164050, 278300). (PMID: 17052198, 17520339). Widespread throughout animal and plant tissue, purine components of DNA, RNA, and coenzymes. Vitamin The parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. Adenine (/ˈædɪnɪn/) (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase. It is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acids of DNA, the other three being guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine derivatives have various roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Coenzyme A. It also has functions in protein synthesis and as a chemical component of DNA and RNA.[2] The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. The adjacent image shows pure adenine, as an independent molecule. When connected into DNA, a covalent bond is formed between deoxyribose sugar and the bottom left nitrogen (thereby removing the existing hydrogen atom). The remaining structure is called an adenine residue, as part of a larger molecule. Adenosine is adenine reacted with ribose, as used in RNA and ATP; Deoxyadenosine is adenine attached to deoxyribose, as used to form DNA. Adenine forms several tautomers, compounds that can be rapidly interconverted and are often considered equivalent. However, in isolated conditions, i.e. in an inert gas matrix and in the gas phase, mainly the 9H-adenine tautomer is found.[3][4] Purine metabolism involves the formation of adenine and guanine. Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP), which in turn is synthesized from a pre-existing ribose phosphate through a complex pathway using atoms from the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid, as well as the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis[1][2][3]. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis[1][2][3]. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis[1][2][3].

L-2-Amino-3-(oxalylamino)propanoic acid

C5H8N2O5 (176.0433)

L-2-Amino-3-(oxalylamino)propanoic acid is found in grass pea. L-2-Amino-3-(oxalylamino)propanoic acid is isolated from Panax notoginseng (sanchi Isolated from Panax notoginseng (sanchi). L-2-Amino-3-(oxalylamino)propanoic acid is found in tea and grass pea. L-2-Amino-3-(oxalylamino)propanoic acid is an alpha-amino acid. N(3)-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid is an N(beta)-acyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid in which the acyl group is oxalyl. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a N(3)-(carboxylatoformyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropionate(1-). Dencichin is a natural product found in Lathyrus latifolius and Lathyrus sativus with data available. See also: Panax notoginseng root (part of). Dencichin is a non-protein amino acid originally extracted from Panax notoginseng, and can inhibit HIF-prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) activity.

Apiin

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Apiin is found in celery leaves. Apiin is a constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isolated in 1843 Apiin is a chemical compound isolated from parsley and celery Constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isol. in 1843 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2350 Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].

Ruscogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Ruscogenin is a triterpenoid. Ruscogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline rubra, Cordyline banksii, and other organisms with data available. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2]. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2].

Ginsenoside Rg3

C42H72O13 (784.4973)

(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a glycoside. It is functionally related to a (20S)-protopanaxadiol. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available. (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is found in tea. (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is isolated from Panax ginseng (ginseng). D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.

Byakangelicol

C17H16O6 (316.0947)

Byakangelicol is a member of the class of compounds known as 5-methoxypsoralens. 5-methoxypsoralens are psoralens containing a methoxy group attached at the C5 position of the psoralen group. Byakangelicol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Byakangelicol can be found in lemon, which makes byakangelicol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Byakangelicol is a member of psoralens. Byakangelicol is a natural product found in Murraya koenigii, Ostericum grosseserratum, and other organisms with data available. Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1]. Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1].

Irisfloretin

C20H18O8 (386.1002)

Irisflorentin is a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. Irisflorentin is a natural product found in Iris tectorum, Iris leptophylla, and other organisms with data available. Irisflorentin, a naturally occurring isoflavone, is an abundant active constituent in Belamcanda chinensis. Irisflorentin markedly reduces the transcriptional and translational levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of NO. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Irisflorentin, a naturally occurring isoflavone, is an abundant active constituent in Belamcanda chinensis. Irisflorentin markedly reduces the transcriptional and translational levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of NO. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].

Isosakuranetin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Isosakuranetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia.

Salutaridine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Salutaridine is a morphinane alkaloid from the opium poppy, in which the 5,6,8,14-tetradehydromorphinan-7-one skeleton is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxyl group, positions 3 and 6 by methoxy groups and position N17 by a methyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HBV agent. It is a conjugate base of a salutaridinium(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan. Salutaridine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos saetabensis, Platycapnos saxicola, and other organisms with data available. A morphinane alkaloid from the opium poppy, in which the 5,6,8,14-tetradehydromorphinan-7-one skeleton is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxyl group, positions 3 and 6 by methoxy groups and position N17 by a methyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids

denudatine

C22H33NO2 (343.2511)

Denudatine is a diterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an atisane. CID 441729 is a natural product found in Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum carmichaelii with data available.

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Dmask

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Dmask is a natural product found in Arnebia hispidissima with data available. Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

K-Strophanthidin

C23H32O6 (404.2199)

Strophanthidin is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14beta-hydroxy steroid, a 5beta-hydroxy steroid, a 19-oxo steroid, a member of cardenolides and a steroid aldehyde. It is functionally related to a 5beta-cardanolide. Strophanthidin is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Adonis aestivalis, and other organisms with data available. 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins Strophanthidin is a naturally available cardiac glycoside[1]. Strophanthidin 0.1 and 1 nmol/L increases and 1~100 μmol/L inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activities, but Strophanthidin 10 and 100 nmol/L does not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal[2]. Strophanthidin increases both diastolic and systolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration[3]. Strophanthidin is a naturally available cardiac glycoside[1]. Strophanthidin 0.1 and 1 nmol/L increases and 1~100 μmol/L inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activities, but Strophanthidin 10 and 100 nmol/L does not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal[2]. Strophanthidin increases both diastolic and systolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration[3].

Cirsilineol

C18H16O7 (344.0896)

Cirsilineol, also known as 4,5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-flavone or anisomelin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, cirsilineol is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cirsilineol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cirsilineol can be found in a number of food items such as common thyme, tarragon, common sage, and hyssop, which makes cirsilineol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cirsilineol is a bioactive flavone isolated from Artemisia and from Teucrium gnaphalodes . Cirsilineol is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsilineol is a natural product found in Thymus herba-barona, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of).

MOROL

C30H50O (426.3861)

Germanicol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta-position and with a double bond between positioins 18 and 19. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Germanicol is a natural product found in Barringtonia racemosa, Euphorbia nicaeensis, and other organisms with data available.

Epinepetalactone

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Cis-trans-nepetalactone is a cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aR-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It is an aphid sex pheromone and cat attractant, and exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic properties. It has a role as a pheromone, a plant metabolite, an insect attractant, an analgesic, an insect repellent, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is an iridoid monoterpenoid and a cyclopentapyran. Nepetalactone cis-trans-form is a natural product found in Nepeta cataria, Nepeta tuberosa, and Nepeta racemosa with data available. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is found in herbs and spices. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is a constituent of catnip from the catmint plant Nepeta cataria Constituent of catnip from the catmint plant Nepeta cataria. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is found in tea and herbs and spices. 4aα,7α,7aα-Nepetalactone exhibits antibacterial activity, and inhibits Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Enterococcus faecalis.

Azulene

C10H8 (128.0626)

Azulene is a mancude carbobicyclic parent consisting of a cycloheptatriene and cyclopentadiene rings. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. It is an ortho-fused bicyclic arene, a member of azulenes and a mancude carbobicyclic parent. Azulene is a natural product found in Anthemis cretica, Achillea millefolium, and other organisms with data available. Azulene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (L10) A mancude carbobicyclic parent consisting of a cycloheptatriene and cyclopentadiene rings. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Same as: D09768 Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].

Visnagin

C13H10O4 (230.0579)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2]. Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2].

3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde appears as needles or chunky light peach powder. Has an odor of vanilla beans. (NTP, 1992) Veratraldehyde is a dimethoxybenzene that is benzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It is found in peppermint, ginger, raspberry, and other fruits. It has a role as an antifungal agent. It is a member of benzaldehydes and a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Polygala senega, Pluchea sagittalis, and other organisms with data available. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in fruits. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used in vanilla flavour Isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in vanilla flavours. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in peppermint, herbs and spices, and fruits. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3954 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3929 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3941; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3940 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3961 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3960 Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

p-Anisic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

p-Anisic acid, also known as 4-anisate or draconic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives. These are benzoic acids in which the hydrogen atom at position 4 of the benzene ring is replaced by a methoxy group. p-Anisic acid is a drug. p-Anisic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. p-Anisic acid is a faint, sweet, and cadaverous tasting compound. Outside of the human body, p-anisic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as anises, cocoa beans, fennels, and german camomiles. This could make p-anisic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols and soluble in ether, and ethyl acetate. p-Anisic acid has antiseptic properties. It is also used as an intermediate in the preparation of more complex organic compounds. It is generally obtained by the oxidation of anethole or p-methoxyacetophenone. The term "anisic acid" often refers to this form specifically. p-Anisic acid is found naturally in anise. 4-methoxybenzoic acid is a methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-methoxybenzoate. 4-Methoxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Annona purpurea, and other organisms with data available. Anisic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Flavouring agent. Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan. 2001) A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS KEIO_ID A154 p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

Melezitose

C18H32O16 (504.169)

Melezitose, also spelled melicitose, is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects, including aphids such as Cinara pilicornis by an enzyme reaction. This is beneficial to the insects, as it reduces the stress of osmosis by reducing their own water potential. The melezitose is part of the honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as a food for bees. This is useful to the lice as they have a symbiotic relationship with ants. Melezitose can be partially hydrolyzed to glucose and turanose the latter of which is an isomer of sucrose (Wikipedia). Melezitose is a trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids. It has a role as an animal metabolite. Melezitose is a natural product found in Pogostemon cablin, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster with data available. A trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids. Constituent of honey Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 231 D-(+)-Melezitose can be used to identify clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp.

Neocnidolide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Neocnidolide, also known as neocnidilide, cis-(-)-isomer or sedanolide, is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofurans. Isobenzofurans are organic aromatic compounds containing an isobenzofuran moiety. Neocnidolide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Neocnidolide can be found in dill, which makes neocnidolide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Neocnidilide is a gamma-lactone. Neocnidilide is a natural product found in Petroselinum crispum and Apium graveolens with data available.

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available.

Isopimaric acid

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

Isopimaric acid is a diterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isopimarate. It derives from a hydride of an isopimara-7,15-diene. Isopimaric acid is a natural product found in Pinus brutia var. eldarica, Halocarpus bidwillii, and other organisms with data available. Isopimaric acid is isolated from Pinus palustris (pitch pine). D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.

Futoquinol

C21H22O5 (354.1467)

Futoquinol is a monoterpenoid. Futoquinol is a natural product found in Piper wightii, Piper hymenophyllum, and other organisms with data available.

Lycorenin

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Lycorenine is an alkaloid. Lycorenine is a natural product found in Lycoris radiata, Narcissus munozii-garmendiae, and Hymenocallis littoralis with data available.

Calenduloside E

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid. Calenduloside E is a natural product found in Anredera baselloides, Polyscias scutellaria, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Constituent of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) and Momordica cochinchinensis (Chinese cucumber). Oleanolic acid 3-glucuronide is found in common beet, green vegetables, and root vegetables. Calenduloside E is found in common beet. Calenduloside E is a constituent of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) and Momordica cochinchinensis (Chinese cucumber). Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

1,4-Cineole

C10H18O (154.1358)

1,4-cineole is an oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fumigant insecticide and a central nervous system depressant. It is a cineole and an oxabicycloalkane. NA is a natural product found in Saxifraga stolonifera, Rhododendron anthopogonoides, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of Piper cubeba (cubeb pepper). 1,4-Cineole is found in many foods, some of which are star anise, roselle, herbs and spices, and lime. 1,4-Cineole is found in cardamom. 1,4-Cineole is a constituent of Piper cubeba (cubeb pepper) An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2]. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2].

Obtusifoliol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Obtusifoliol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, obtusifoliol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Obtusifoliol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within evening primroses. Obtusifoliol has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common chokecherries, jicama, pepper (C. frutescens), avocado, and pecan nuts. This could make obtusifoliol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Obtusifoliol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol: in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme CYP51A1 (EC 1.14.13.70, sterol 14-demethylase) (PMID: 9559662). CYP51A1 is a housekeeping enzyme essential for the viability of mammals, an essential step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Sterol 14-demethylation occurs in all organisms exhibiting de novo sterol biosynthesis and CYP51A1 has been conserved throughout evolution (PMID: 8797093). Obtusifoliol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme CYP51A1 (EC 1.14.13.70, sterol 14-demethylase). (PMID: 9559662); CYP51A1 is a housekeeping enzyme essential for viability of mammals, essential step in cholesterol biosynthesis; sterol 14-demethylation occurs in all organism exhibiting de novo sterol biosynthesis, and CYP51A1 has been conserved throughout evolution. (PMID: 8797093). Obtusifoliol is found in many foods, some of which are jews ear, mamey sapote, star fruit, and tinda. Obtusifoliol is a natural product found in Euphorbia chamaesyce, Euphorbia nicaeensis, and other organisms with data available. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1]. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1].

N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

(R)-N-methylcoclaurine is the (R)-enantiomer of N-methylcoclaurine. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-N-methylcoclaurinium. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-N-methylcoclaurine. (R)-N-Methylcoclaurine is a natural product found in Cyclea barbata, Cyclea peltata, and other organisms with data available.

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, also known as 9,10-dhsa or 9,10-dioh 18:0, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule. 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid can be found in peanut, which makes 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 9,10-dihydroxystearate. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Apis cerana with data available.

Lauric aldehyde

C12H24O (184.1827)

Dodecanal is a long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 2,3-saturated fatty aldehyde, a medium-chain fatty aldehyde and a long-chain fatty aldehyde. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane. Dodecanal is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Zingiber mioga, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in peel oil from Citrus subspecies and kumquatand is also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Flavouring agent. Lauric aldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are mollusks, rocket salad (sspecies), sweet orange, and fruits. Lauric aldehyde is found in citrus. Lauric aldehyde occurs in peel oil from Citrus species and kumquat. Also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Lauric aldehyde is a flavouring agent. A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group.

Dipentyl phthalate

C18H26O4 (306.1831)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10474; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10473 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10545; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10543 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10557 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10487 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10535; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10530 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 613; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10434; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10431 Dipentyl phthalate is an endocrine-disrupting phthalate plasticizer. Dipentyl phthalate increases AMPK phosphorylation and decreases AKT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1 levels. Dipentyl phthalate reduces adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Dipentyl phthalate is a testicular toxicant[1]. Dipentyl phthalate is an endocrine-disrupting phthalate plasticizer. Dipentyl phthalate increases AMPK phosphorylation and decreases AKT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1 levels. Dipentyl phthalate reduces adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Dipentyl phthalate is a testicular toxicant[1].

Monuron

C9H11ClN2O (198.056)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7858; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7856 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7925 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3857; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3854 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7898 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3846; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3844 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7885; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3866 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7933; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7931 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3857 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3877; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3875 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3861

2-Phenylglycine

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

2-Phenylglycine, also known as a-amino-a-toluate or L-PHG amino acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Outside of the human body, 2-Phenylglycine has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk. This could make 2-phenylglycine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Phenylglycine is a metabolite described in normal human urine (PMID 14473597) and plasma (PMID 5888801). 2-Phenylglycine is a metabolite described in normal human urine (PMID 14473597) and plasma (PMID 5888801) [HMDB]

6-Hydroxynicotinic acid

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OHNA) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been reported to be the third leading cause of urinary infection, accounting for 11\\\% of such infections, the first and second being Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. Analyses of the NMR spectra of the bacterial media with variable cell count of P. aeruginosa, shows that the intensity of the signals of the 6-hydroxynicotinic acid increases with increasing number of bacterial cells (PMID:3926801, 15759292). 6-hydroxynicotinic acid can also be found in Achromobacter and Serratia. 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OHNA) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been reported to be the third leading cause of urinary infection, accounting for 11\\\% of such infections, the first and second being Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. Analyses of the NMR spectra of the bacterial media with variable cell count of P. aeruginosa, shows that the intensity of the signals of the 6-hydroxynicotinic acid increases with increasing number of bacterial cells. (PMID: 3926801, 15759292) [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H015 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Indoleacetonitrile

C10H8N2 (156.0687)

3-Indoleacetonitrile is a phytoalexin. Phytoalexins are antibiotics produced by plants that are under attack. Phytoalexins tend to fall into several classes including terpenoids, glycosteroids, and alkaloids; however, researchers often find it convenient to extend the definition to include all phytochemicals that are part of the plants defensive arsenal. Phytoalexins produced in plants act as toxins to the attacking organism. They may puncture the cell wall, delay maturation, disrupt metabolism, or prevent the reproduction of the pathogen in question. However, phytoalexins are often targeted to specific predators; a plant that has anti-insect phytoalexins may not have the ability to repel a fungal attack. 3-Indoleacetonitrile is common in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. Dietary indoles in cruciferous vegetables induce cytochrome P450 enzymes and have prevented tumours in various animal models. Consumption of Brassica vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cancer of the alimentary tract in animal models and human populations (PMID:15612779, 15884814, 2342128, 3014947, 3880668, 6334634, 6419397, 6426808, 6584878, 6725517, 6838646, 7123561). Myrosinase-induced hydrolysis product of indole glucosinolates, found in cabbage and other crucifers Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID I022 3-Indoleacetonitrile is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Indoleacetonitrile is an endogenous metabolite.

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid

C10H20O3 (188.1412)

10-hydroxycapric acid is a 10-carbon, omega-hydroxy fatty acid, shown to be the preferred hydroxylation product (together with the 9-OH isomer) of capric acid in biosystems, and used as a standard in lipid assays; reported to have cytotoxic effects. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and an omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid. It is functionally related to a decanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 10-hydroxycaprate. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid, also known as 10-OH-capric acid or 10-OH-caprate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are hydroxy acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). 10-hydroxydecanoic acid is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (NSC 15139) is a saturated fatty acid of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van\\%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate. Mesaconic acid is one of several isomeric carboxylic acids obtained from citric acid. Is used as a fire retardant, recent studies revealed this acid is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Cysteinylglycine

C5H10N2O3S (178.0412)

Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interact via redox and disulphide exchange reactions, in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status. (PMID 8642471) Spermatozoa of sub fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy, another member of the thiol group) concentration in the ejaculate and in follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome. (PMID 16556671) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols. (PMID 15895891) Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine), is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized. (PMID 15843241) [HMDB]. Cysteinylglycine is found in many foods, some of which are chinese cabbage, wax apple, garden tomato (variety), and japanese pumpkin. Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of cysteine and glycine. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interacts via redox and disulphide exchange reactions in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status (PMID: 8642471). Spermatozoa of sub-fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the ejaculate and in the follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome (PMID: 16556671). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols (PMID: 15895891). Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized (PMID: 15843241). L-Cysteinylglycine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=19246-18-5 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 19246-18-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

5-Methoxytryptamine

C11H14N2O (190.1106)

5-Methoxytryptamine, also known as mexamine or 5-MT, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tryptamines and derivatives. Tryptamines and derivatives are compounds containing the tryptamine backbone, which is structurally characterized by an indole ring substituted at the 3-position by an ethanamine. It is biosynthesized via the deacetylation of melatonin in the pineal gland. 5-MT acts as a full agonist at the 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. 5-Methoxytryptamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Its affinity for the 5-HT5A receptor is unknown. It has no affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor and is affinity for the 5-HT1E receptor is very weak in comparison to the other 5-HT1 receptors. 5-MT has been shown to occur naturally in the body in low levels. Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives. [HMDB] KEIO_ID M040

Methyl indole-3-acetate

C11H11NO2 (189.079)

Indole-3-methyl acetate, also known as methyl indole-3-acetate (methyl-IAA), is a catabolite of tryptophan converted by the gut microbiota. After absorption through the intestinal epithelium, tryptophan catabolites enter the bloodstream and are later excreted in the urine (PMID: 30120222). Pediatric enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) patients (i.e. spondyloarthropathy associated with inflammatory bowel disease) have intestinal inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity. Such alterations in the gut microbiota resulted in the reduction of tryptophan metabolism and several tryptophan metabolites in pediatric ERA fecal samples, including indole-3-methyl acetate (PMID: 27786174). Indole-3-methyl acetate is found in apple, and has been isolated from immature seeds of beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus), Vicia amurensis, wild soybean (Glycine soja), lobiya (Vigna catiang var. sinensis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab). Isolated from immature seeds of beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus), Vicia amurensis, wild soybean (Glycine soja), lobiya (Vigna catiang variety sinensis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab). Indole-3-methyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are gram bean, yellow wax bean, common bean, and sweet orange. Methyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate is an endogenous metabolite.

Nitrazepam

C15H11N3O3 (281.08)

Nitrazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.Nitrazepam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines. It acts on benzodiazepine receptors in the brain which are associated with the GABA receptors causing an enhanced binding of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) to GABAA receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in inducing sleepiness, muscular relaxation and control of anxiety and fits, and slows down the central nervous system. The anticonvulsant properties of nitrazepam and other benzodiazepines may be in part or entirely due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors. Sustained repetitive firing seems to be limited by benzodiazepines effect of slowing recovery of sodium channels from inactivation. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3683

Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate

C6H7O4P (174.0082)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2498 KEIO_ID P033

2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid

C10H8O3S (208.0194)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3266; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3264 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3270; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3268 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3298; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3294 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3290; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3285 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3285; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3282 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1273; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3292; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3289 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3356; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3352 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3363; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3361 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3353; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3350 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3351; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3348 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3344; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3341 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 626; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3368 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8811 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 653 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2300

Eprosartan

C23H24N2O4S (424.1457)

Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It acts on the renin-angiotensin system in two ways to decrease total peripheral resistance. First, it blocks the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle, causing vascular dilatation. Second, it inhibits sympathetic norepinephrine production, further reducing blood pressure. C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09C - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain > C09CA - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C66930 - Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D057912 - Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2776 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC50s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively [1].

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

6-Methylmercaptopurine is a metabolite of mercaptopurine. Mercaptopurine (also called 6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a thiopurine. (Wikipedia) KEIO_ID M104

Cinchonidine

C19H22N2O (294.1732)

Cinchonine is found in fruits. Cinchonine is an alkaloid from the leaves of Olea europaea Cinchonine is an alkaloidwith molecular formula C19H22N2O used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents [Raw Data] CB216_Cinchonine_pos_10eV_CB000075.txt [Raw Data] CB216_Cinchonine_pos_30eV_CB000075.txt [Raw Data] CB216_Cinchonine_pos_40eV_CB000075.txt [Raw Data] CB216_Cinchonine_pos_50eV_CB000075.txt [Raw Data] CB216_Cinchonine_pos_20eV_CB000075.txt Alkaloid from the leaves of Olea europaea Cinchonidine (α-Quinidine) is a cinchona alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. A building block used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. Weak inhibitor of serotonin transporter (SERT) with Kis of 330, 4.2, 36, 196, 15 μM for dSERT, hSERT, hSERT I172M, hSERT S438T, hSERT Y95F, respectively. Antimalarial activities[1]. Cinchonidine (α-Quinidine) is a cinchona alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. A building block used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. Weak inhibitor of serotonin transporter (SERT) with Kis of 330, 4.2, 36, 196, 15 μM for dSERT, hSERT, hSERT I172M, hSERT S438T, hSERT Y95F, respectively. Antimalarial activities[1]. Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells[1]. Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells[1].

Threonic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID:21034532). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID:10420182). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID:20615997). L-threonic acid, also known as L-threonate or L-threonic acid magnesium salt, belongs to sugar acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. L-threonic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-threonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as buffalo currant, yam, purslane, and bayberry, which makes L-threonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. L-threonic acid can be found primarily in blood. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in treatment of androgenic alopecia .

Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids KEIO_ID T072

4,4-Biphenyldiol

C12H10O2 (186.0681)

Deoxyribose 5-phosphate

C5H11O7P (214.0242)

Deoxyribose 5-phosphate is a a metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be generated from D-glyceraldehdye-3 phosphate via the enzyme 2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA). Alternately Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can be converted to D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate that can then feed into the pentose phosphate pathway. Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can also be generated from 2-Deoxy-D-ribose via the enzyme Ribokinase (EC 2.7.1.15). It has been shown in a number of organisms that deoxynucleosides or deoxyriboses cause the induction of aldolases (such as DERA) involved in their catabolism, leading to the utilisation of the pentose moiety as carbon and energy source. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 5-phosphate is a a metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be generated from D-glyceraldehdye-3 phosphate via the enzyme 2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA). Alternately Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can be converted to D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate that can then feed into the pentose phosphate pathway. Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can also be generated from 2-Deoxy-D-ribose via the enzyme Ribokinase (EC 2.7.1.15). It has been shown in a number of organisms that deoxynucleosides or deoxyriboses cause the induction of aldolases (such as DERA) involved in their catabolism, leading to the utilisation of the pentose moiety as carbon and energy source. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID D026

Bialaphos

C11H22N3O6P (323.1246)

A tripeptide comprising one L-phosphinothricyl and two L-alanyl units joined in sequence. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Coumatetralyl

C19H16O3 (292.1099)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9425; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4993; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4992 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9475; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9473 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9525; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9523 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4997; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4994 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9512; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9510 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9466; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9465 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4985; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4984 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9526; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9525 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4976; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4974 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4948; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4946 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 710; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4987; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4984 D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D015110 - 4-Hydroxycoumarins

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Pyrethrin

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

terbutol

C17H27NO2 (277.2042)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1079; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10877; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10876 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1079; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10902; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10901 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1079; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10932; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1079; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10957; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10956 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1079; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10982; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10981

alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate

C6H14O12P2 (339.9961)

Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G-1,6-P2) is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6-P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induces a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in the brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate has been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells, and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice, a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Chronic alcohol intake produces an increase in the concentration of G 1,6-P2 in human muscle before the first sign of myopathy appears. When myopathy is present the level decreases to be similar to healthy humans. These changes could contribute to the decline in skeletal muscle performance (PMID:1449560, 2018547, 2003594, 3407759). Glucose 1,6-diphosphate is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6 P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induce a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G 1,6-P2 )have been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~ 25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Thiodiacetic acid

C4H6O4S (149.9987)

Thiodiacetic acid belongs to the family of Thiodiacetic Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing a thiodiacetic acid group (or esters/salts thereof) which is made up of two 2-sulfanylacetic (OC(=O)CS) acid moieties sharing their sulfur atom.

Barban

C11H9Cl2NO2 (257.001)

Brompheniramine

C16H19BrN2 (318.0732)

Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine; Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine. -- Wikipedia; Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. [HMDB] Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine; Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine. -- Wikipedia; Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AB - Substituted alkylamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

Butylate

C11H23NOS (217.15)

METHAQUALONE

C16H14N2O (250.1106)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Methazolamide

C5H8N4O3S2 (236.0038)

Methazolamide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

zectran

C12H18N2O2 (222.1368)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Nordiazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

N-demethyldiazepam, also known as nordiazepam or calmday, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. 1,4-benzodiazepines are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine. N-demethyldiazepam is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-demethyldiazepam can be found in common wheat, corn, and potato, which makes N-demethyldiazepam a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-demethyldiazepam can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. N-demethyldiazepam is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended (T3DB). Nordiazepam is a metabolite of Diazepam. Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine drug. Nordazepam, also known as desoxydemoxepam, nordiazepam and desmethyldiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepine derivatives, it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. (Wikipedia) D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3608

bas 320i

C24H16F6N4O2 (506.1177)

Methylthiouracil

C5H6N2OS (142.0201)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1149; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1146 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1156; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1153 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1126; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1143; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1141 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1165; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1163 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1235; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1155; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1154 H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BA - Thiouracils D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1164 Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2. Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

4,4'-Methylenedianiline

C13H14N2 (198.1157)

4,4’-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an industrial chemical that is produced and used industrially as a precursor to polyamides, epoxy resins, and polyurethane foams (PMID: 20621954). It is a primary aromatic amine, belonging to the family of compounds known as Diphenylmethanes. Diphenylmethanes are compounds consisting of methane with two of the hydrogen atoms replaced by phenyl groups. MDA is used mainly as a precursor to 4,4 ́-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is a precursor to many polyurethane foams. To generate MDI, which is a highly reactive isocyanate, MDA is treated with phosgene. Workers exposed to MDI may develop sensitization, leading to occupational asthma. MDI is metabolized in the body and secreted in the urine as MDA, Therefore MDA is a urinary biomarker of MDI exposure. On its own, MDA is a known animal carcinogen, and human hepatotoxin. MDA produces genotoxic effects by forming DNA adducts in the liver and inducing DNA damage to hepatocytes (PMID: 32038824). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 0.01 ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average, and a short-term exposure limit at 0.10 ppm. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Diethylstilbestrol

C18H20O2 (268.1463)

Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic estrogen that was developed to supplement a womans natural estrogen production. In 1971, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Bulletin advising physicians to stop prescribing DES to pregnant women because it was linked to a rare vaginal cancer in female offspring. Diethylstilbesterol is found in gram bean. Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

naphthoic acid

C11H8O2 (172.0524)

A naphthoic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 1.

3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine

C14H16N2 (212.1313)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2434

Tyrosine methylester

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

Tyrosine methylester, also known as Tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride, (L)-isomer or Tyr-ome, is classified as a tyrosine or a Tyrosine derivative. Tyrosines are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Tyrosine methylester is considered to be a slightly soluble (in water) and a very weak acidic compound. Tyrosine methylester can be found in humans. KEIO_ID T032 H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

microcystin yr

C52H72N10O13 (1044.528)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; UCHEM_ID 3251; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk); EQ cyanopeptide spectra replaced with more comprehensive acquisition. CONFIDENCE standard compound; UCHEM_ID 3251; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk) D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens > D052998 - Microcystins

Rimantadine

C12H21N (179.1674)

Rimantadine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. [PubChem]The mechanism of action of rimantadine is not fully understood. Rimantadine appears to exert its inhibitory effect early in the viral replicative cycle, possibly inhibiting the uncoating of the virus. Genetic studies suggest that a virus protein specified by the virion M2 gene plays an important role in the susceptibility of influenza A virus to inhibition by rimantadine. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AC - Cyclic amines D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3149

Robinetin

C15H10O7 (302.0427)

Robinetin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Robinetin is a natural product found in Acacia mearnsii, Intsia bijuga, and other organisms with data available. A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5]. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5].

Sakuranin

C22H24O10 (448.1369)

A flavanone glycoside that is sakuranetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 5 via a glycosidic linkage.

Ronilan

C12H9Cl2NO3 (284.9959)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000726 - Androgen Antagonists CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3119 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

Tamsulosin

C20H28N2O5S (408.1719)

Tamsulosin is a selective antagonist at alpha-1A and alpha-1B-adrenoceptors in the prostate, prostatic capsule, prostatic urethra, and bladder neck. At least three discrete alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes have been identified: alpha-1A, alpha-1B and alpha-1D; their distribution differs between human organs and tissue. Approximately 70\\\% of the alpha1-receptors in human prostate are of the alpha-1A subtype. Blockage of these receptors causes relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder neck and prostate. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04C - Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy > G04CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models[1].

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), also known as glutaric aciduria type II (GAII), a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. Sebacic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Sebacic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition. Sebacic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles. Sebacic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc. It is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins. It is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials (PMID: 10556649, 1738216, 8442769, 12706375). Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) are a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4109; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4130 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4118; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4114 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4129 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4099; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4095 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4123 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID S017 Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Deoxynivalenol

C15H20O6 (296.126)

Deoxynivalenol is found in cereals and cereal products. Deoxynivalenol is produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium roseum, responsible for headblight in cereals Vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol (DON), is a type B trichothecene, an epoxy-sesquiterpeneoid. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize, and less often in rice, sorghum, and triticale. The occurrence of deoxynivalenol is associated primarily with Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) and F. culmorum, both of which are important plant pathogens which cause Fusarium head blight in wheat and Gibberella ear rot in maize. Deoxynivalenol is a direct relationship between the incidence of Fusarium head blight and contamination of wheat with deoxynivalenol has been established. The incidence of Fusarium head blight is strongly associated with moisture at the time of flowering (anthesis), and the timing of rainfall, rather than the amount, is the most critical factor. Furthermore, deoxynivalenol contents are significantly affected by the susceptibility of cultivars towards Fusarium species, previous crop, tillage practices, and fungicide us Production by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium roseum, responsible for headblight in cereals D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

2-Hydroxymyristic acid

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677).

Primolut depot

C27H40O4 (428.2926)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10390; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10389 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10375; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10374 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10383; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10381 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10318; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10317 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10339; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10337 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Promazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

Promazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. [PubChem]Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazines antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AA - Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

Fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

Fenoprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding. [PubChem]Fenoprofens exact mode of action is unknown, but it is thought that prostaglandin synthetase inhibition is involved. Fenoprofen has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase isolated from bovine seminal vesicles. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

(+)-Syringaresinol

C22H26O8 (418.1628)

(+)-syringaresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as furanoid lignans. Furanoid lignans are lignans with a structure that contains either a tetrahydrofuran ring, a furan ring, or a furofuan ring system, that arises from the joining of the two phenylpropanoid units (+)-syringaresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (+)-syringaresinol can be found in a number of food items such as radish (variety), grape wine, oat, and ginkgo nuts, which makes (+)-syringaresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione

C21H32O2 (316.2402)

5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is a biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma progesterone. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) receptor. A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma progesterone. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) receptor. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.

triacetate lactone

C6H6O3 (126.0317)

O-Toluidine

C7H9N (107.0735)

O-toluidine, also known as 2-aminotoluene or 1-amino-2-methylbenzene, is a member of the class of compounds known as aminotoluenes. Aminotoluenes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single methyl group and one amino group. O-toluidine is soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). O-toluidine can be found in tea, which makes O-toluidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. O-toluidine is formally rated as a carcinogenic (IARC 1) potentially toxic compound. The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho- and meta-toluidines are viscous liquids, but para-toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p-toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p-Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p-nitrotoluene. p-Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Trögers base . The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. None of the toluidines is very soluble in pure water, but will become soluble if the aqueous solution is acidic due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. At room temperature and pressure, ortho- and meta-toluidines are viscous liquids, but para-toluidine is a flaky solid. This can be explained by the fact that the p-toluidine molecules are more symmetrical and fit into a crystalline structure more easily. p-Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p-nitrotoluene. p-Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Trogers base. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 72

Cyclic AMP

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

Cyclic amp, also known as camp or adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides. 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides are purine nucleotides in which the oxygen atoms linked to the C3 and C5 carbon atoms of the ribose moiety are both bonded the same phosphorus atom of the phosphate group. Cyclic amp is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclic amp can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, java plum, borage, and wakame, which makes cyclic amp a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyclic amp can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and urine, as well as throughout all human tissues. Cyclic amp exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, cyclic amp is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include dopamine activation of neurological reward system, excitatory neural signalling through 5-HTR 4 and serotonin, intracellular signalling through PGD2 receptor and prostaglandin D2, and thioguanine action pathway. Cyclic amp is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include adenosine deaminase deficiency, gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT). Moreover, cyclic amp is found to be associated with chronic renal failure, headache, meningitis, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway. It should not be confused with 5-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase) . Cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3- and 5-positions of the sugar moiety. cAMP is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. In humans and other mammals it is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon and ACTH. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is located at the inner side of cell membranes. Adenylate cyclase is activated by the hormones glucagon and adrenaline and by G protein. Liver adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. cAMP is primarily used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. cAMP is also involved in the activation of protein kinases. In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. HCN channels are sometimes referred to as pacemaker channels because they help to generate rhythmic activity within groups of heart and brain cells. [Spectral] 3,5-Cyclic AMP (exact mass = 329.05252) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3]. Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3]. Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3].

Norselegiline

C12H15N (173.1204)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

N-Nitrosodipropylamine

C6H14N2O (130.1106)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3456 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

N-NITROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE

C3H8N2O (88.0637)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3449

N-Nitroso-pyrrolidine

C4H8N2O (100.0637)

N-Nitroso-pyrrolidine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidines. Pyrrolidines are compounds containing a pyrrolidine ring, which is a five-membered saturated aliphatic heterocycle with one nitrogen atom and four carbon atoms. N-Nitroso-pyrrolidine has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers. This could make N-nitroso-pyrrolidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3450 Found in fried bacon

Pentazocine

C19H27NO (285.2093)

Pentazocine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is the first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)The preponderance of evidence suggests that pentazocine antagonizes the opioid effects by competing for the same receptor sites, especially the opioid mu receptor. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AD - Benzomorphan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Acetylcarnitine

[C9H18NO4]+ (204.1236)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A143; [MS2] KO009087 KEIO_ID A143

Adrenosterone

C19H24O3 (300.1725)

Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. It was first isolated in 1936 from the adrenal cortex by Tadeus Reichstein at the Pharmaceutical Institute in the University of Basel. Originally, adrenosterone was called Reichsteins substance G.(Wikipedia). Andrenosterone is created from androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the work of two enzymes, CYP11B (E1.14.15.4) and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.146]. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. It was first isolated in 1936 from the adrenal cortex by Tadeus Reichstein at the Pharmaceutical Institute in the University of Basel. Originally, adrenosterone was called Reichsteins substance G. Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells[1][2][3].

3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane

C19H32O2 (292.2402)

The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. [HMDB] The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.

Geranic acid

C10H16O2 (168.115)

Geranic acid, also known as 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate or geranate, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. Acyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Thus, geranic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Geranic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Geranic acid, or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, is a pheromone used by some organisms. It is a double bond isomer of nerolic acid . Geranic acid is found in cardamom. Geranic acid is present in petitgrain, lemongrass and other essential oil

N(6)-Methyllysine

C7H16N2O2 (160.1212)

N(6)-Methyllysine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in human biofluids. N-monomethyl-lysine is generated by metabolic transmethylation of endogenous lysine. Lysine methylation displays the highest degree of complexity among known covalent histone modifications, with each site of methylation regulating the association of different effector molecules. The versatility of lysine methylation marks is perhaps best exemplified by modifications implicated in transcriptional regulation as well as being required for double-strand break repair in several organisms. Identification of the numerous biological functions encoded by histone lysine methylation is a major area of research interest, as these mechanisms are intimately associated with cellular senescence, genomic instability, and leukemogenesis. While multiple sites of lysine methylation have been linked with gene activation, each modification is distributed to unique positions across the active gene. (PMID: 17030614, 1122639, 15756599, 3111294). N(6)-Methyllysine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in human biofluids. N-monomethyl-lysine is generated by metabolic transmethylation of endogenous lysine.

Tropisetron

C17H20N2O2 (284.1525)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A04 - Antiemetics and antinauseants > A04A - Antiemetics and antinauseants > A04AA - Serotonin (5ht3) antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist > C94726 - 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent Same as: D02130 Tropisetron (SDZ-ICS-930 free base) is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor agonist with an IC50 of 70.1 ± 0.9 nM for 5-HT3 receptor. IC50 value: 70.1 ± 0.9 nM [1] Target: 5-HT3 receptor in vitro: Tropisetron specifically inhibited both IL-2 gene transcription and IL-2 synthesis in stimulated T cells. tropisetron inhibited both the binding to DNA and the transcriptional activity of NFAT and AP-1. We also observed that tropisetron is a potent inhibitor of PMA plus ionomycin-induced NF-(kappa)B activation but in contrast TNF(alpha)-mediated NF-(kappa)B activation was not affected by this antagonist [2]. Tropisetron prevents the phosphorylation and thus activation of the p38 MAPK, which is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of various cytokines [3]. in vivo: Two different doses of tropisetron (5 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before pMCAO. Neurological deficit scores, mortality rate and infarct volume were determined 24 h after permanent focal cerebral ischemia [4].

alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

C4H8O3 (104.0473)

Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a metabolite of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE may be obtained through environmental exposure. MTBE is rapidly eliminated from the body, mainly through expired air as the unchanged compound. MTBE is to some extent metabolised to t-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde and oxidised to 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and a-hydroxy isobuturic acid. Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been used as an arial bactericide. [HMDB] alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a metabolite of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE may be obtained through environmental exposure. MTBE is rapidly eliminated from the body, mainly through expired air as the unchanged compound. MTBE is to some extent metabolized to t-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde and oxidized to 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid. alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been used as an aerial bactericide. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an endogenous metabolite.

L-3-Cyanoalanine

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

3-cyano-l-alanine, also known as L-beta-cyanoalanine or 3-cyanoalanine, (D)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 3-cyano-l-alanine is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-cyano-l-alanine can be found in a number of food items such as conch, abiyuch, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and lemon thyme, which makes 3-cyano-l-alanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-cyano-l-alanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. L-3-Cyanoalanine, also known as L-beta-cyanoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. L-3-Cyanoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). L-3-Cyanoalanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, L-3-cyanoalanine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as summer savouries, orange bell peppers, red rices, mixed nuts, and green bell peppers. This could make L-3-cyanoalanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

11Z-Eicosenoic acid（20:1）

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

11Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as gondoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). More specifically, 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of nuts and plant oils. It is not produced by humans and comes from the diet. It has been found in the red blood cell membrane with increased concentrations in children with regressive autism (PMID: 16581239 ). (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid is an icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a gondoate. cis-11-Eicosenoic acid is a natural product found in Delphinium fissum, Calophyllum inophyllum, and other organisms with data available. Gondoic Acid is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and the sole double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the bond in the cis- configuration. See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of). Constituent of rape oil and fish oils as glycerideand is also in other plant oils, e.g. false flax (Camelina sativa), and swede (Brassica napobrassica) cis-11-Eicosenoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5561-99-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 5561-99-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].

Methyl acetate

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

Methyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Methyl acetate is present in apple, grape, banana and other fruits. Methyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient and it is an ester that, in the laboratory, is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature. Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants Methyl acetate is an ester that is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature.; Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. Methyl acetate is VOC exempt.; The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a flavouring agent and can be found in many foods, some of which are apple, grape, banana, orange mint, and ginger.

Glucoerucin

C12H23NO9S3 (421.0535)

Glucoerucin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylglucosinolates. These are organic compounds containing a glucosinolate moiety that carries an alkyl chain. Outside of the human body, glucoerucin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as cabbages and Brassicas. This could make glucoerucin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Glucoerucin is isolated from the seeds of salad rocket (Eruca sativa) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). Isolated from seeds of salad rocket (Eruca sativa) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea variety gemmifera). Glucoerucin is found in many foods, some of which are brussel sprouts, turnip, brassicas, and common cabbage. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007096 - Imidoesters Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Gluconapin

C11H19NO9S2 (373.0501)

Gluconapin, also known as 3-butenyl glucosinolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylglucosinolates. These are organic compounds containing a glucosinolate moiety that carries an alkyl chain. Gluconapin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, gluconapin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as horseradish, swedes, cabbages, and Chinese mustards. This could make gluconapin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Gluconapin is isolated from rapeseeds and many other Brassica species. Isolated from rape seeds and many other Brassica subspecies Gluconapin is found in many foods, some of which are chinese mustard, white cabbage, horseradish, and brassicas. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Neoglucobrassicin

C17H22N2O10S2 (478.0716)

Neoglucobrassicin, also known as MIMG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylglucosinolates. These are organic compounds containing a glucosinolate moiety that carries an alkyl chain. Outside of the human body, neoglucobrassicin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as swedes, garden cress, Brussel sprouts, Chinese cabbages, and kohlrabis. This could make neoglucobrassicin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoglucobrassicin is widespread in Brassica species and found in the Cruciferae, Tovariaceae, Capparidaceae, and Resedaceae. Widespread in Brassica subspecies and found in the Cruciferae, Tovariaceae, Capparidaceae and Resedaceae

2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Dicamba

C8H6Cl2O3 (219.9694)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4181; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4178 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4186; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4183 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4196; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4194 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4200; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4198 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4207; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4205 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 990; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4198; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4196 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Deoxyribose 1-phosphate

C5H11O7P (214.0242)

Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D013 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Proteinase inhibitor E 64

C15H27N5O5 (357.2012)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents KEIO_ID E015; [MS2] KO008950 KEIO_ID E015

3-Fluorobenzoate

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

KEIO_ID F032

Glutamylglutamic acid

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)

Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of two glutamic acid residues, and is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. It belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. Glutamylglutamic acid is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. KEIO_ID G043; [MS2] KO008970 KEIO_ID G043

Homocarnosine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883). Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H013; [MS3] KO008992 KEIO_ID H013; [MS2] KO008991 KEIO_ID H013

FA 18:0;O

C18H36O3 (300.2664)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 3

Gibberellin A19

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

Gibberellin A19 (GA19) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are C20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Thus, gibberellin A19 is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gibberellin A19 is found in apple. Gibberellin A19 is a constituent of moso bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis). Constituent of moso bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis). Gibberellin A19 is found in many foods, some of which are swede, devilfish, vanilla, and canola. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

Hexylamine

C6H15N (101.1204)

Hexylamine is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. It is used as a food additive .

Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside

[C27H31O16]+ (611.1612)

Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides. Anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C5-position. Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside can be found in a number of food items such as winged bean, evening primrose, durian, and peppermint, which makes cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2611-67-8 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 2611-67-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Glucoraphenin

C12H21NO10S3 (435.0328)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

IDP

C10H14N4O11P2 (428.0134)

An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. [HMDB] IDP is an inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Cytidine 3'-monophosphate

C9H14N3O8P (323.0518)

Cytidine 3-monophosphate (3-CMP), also known as 3-cytidylic acid or 3-cytidylate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Cytidine 3-monophosphate has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Cholesterol

C27H46O (386.3548)

Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50\\\\% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80\\\\% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with c... Constituent either free or as esters, of fish liver oils, lard, dairy fats, egg yolk and bran Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

Masoprocol

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

Masoprocol is the meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent and a metabolite. Masoprocol is a natural product found in Larrea divaricata, Schisandra chinensis, and Larrea tridentata with data available. Masoprocol is a naturally occurring antioxidant dicatechol originally derived from the creosote bush Larrea divaricatta with antipromoter, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Masoprocol directly inhibits activation of two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the c-erbB2/HER2/neu receptor, resulting in decreased proliferation of susceptible tumor cell populations. This agent may induce apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations as a result of disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in association with the activation of stress activated protein kinases (SAPKs). In addition, masoprocol inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX), resulting in diminished synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. It may prevent leukocyte infiltration into tissues and the release of reactive oxygen species. A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. Masoprocol, also known as actinex or meso-ndga, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutane lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 2,3-dibenzylbutane moiety. Symptoms of overdose or allergic reaction include bluish coloration of skin, dizziness, or feeling faint, wheezing or trouble in breathing. Masoprocol also inhibits prostaglandins but the significance of this action is not yet known. Masoprocol is a drug which is used for the treatment of actinic keratoses (precancerous skin growths that can become malignant if left untreated). It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. Masoprocol is a potentially toxic compound. It is not known exactly how masoprocol works. Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, studies have shown that masoprocol is a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and has antiproliferative activity against keratinocytes in tissue culture, but the relationship between this activity and its effectiveness in actinic keratoses is unknown. A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4658; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4657 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4580; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4576 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4551; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4548 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4643; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4642 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4651; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4650 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 611; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4591; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4587 Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) (IC50=8 μM) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) (IC50=8 μM) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) (IC50=8 μM) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Lampranthin II

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

Panasenoside, also known as lilyn, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Panasenoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Panasenoside can be found in tea, which makes panasenoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1].

all-trans-Phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851)

all-trans-Phytofluene is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important. (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids 7,7,8,8,11,12-Hexahydro-Carotene is a carotenoid found in human fluids.

Canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967)

Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4 of the beta carotene molecule. Food colouring. Constituent of the edible mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), sea trout, salmon and brine shrimp. It is used in broiler chicken feed to enhance the yellow colour of chicken skin D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

This compound belongs to the family of Benzylisoquinolines. These are organic compounds containing an isoquinoline to which a benzyl group is attached.

Pentanamide

C5H11NO (101.0841)

4-Hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate

C12H14O3 (206.0943)

Eudesmin

C22H26O6 (386.1729)

(+)-Eudesmin is a lignan. (+)-Eudesmin is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Zanthoxylum fagara, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant Eudesmin ((-)-Eudesmin) impairs adipogenic differentiation via inhibition of S6K1 signaling pathway. Eudesmin possesses diverse therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities[1]. Eudesmin ((-)-Eudesmin) impairs adipogenic differentiation via inhibition of S6K1 signaling pathway. Eudesmin possesses diverse therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities[1]. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) is a non-phenolic furofuran lignan isolated from Magnolia biondii with neuritogenic activity. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) can induce neuritis outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways[1][2]. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) is a non-phenolic furofuran lignan isolated from Magnolia biondii with neuritogenic activity. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) can induce neuritis outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways[1][2].

Sulochrin

C17H16O7 (332.0896)

A benzophenone that is the methyl ester of 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid.

(-)-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, also known as ent-kaurenoic acid or ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, is a member of the class of compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. Kaurane diterpenoids are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid can be found in sugar apple and sunflower, which makes (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1]. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1].

Iridin

C24H26O13 (522.1373)

Iridin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is irigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to an irigenin. Iridin is a natural product found in Iris milesii, Iris tectorum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Iris versicolor root (part of). A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is irigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Iridin is an isoflavone isolated from Iris milesii[1]. Iridin is an isoflavone isolated from Iris milesii[1].

Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

Germine

C27H43NO8 (509.2989)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Steroidal alkaloids, Veratrum alkaloids

Deltoin

C19H20O5 (328.1311)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins

Bufogein

C24H32O4 (384.23)

Bufogenin is a steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is a steroid lactone and an epoxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Resibufogenin is a natural product found in Sclerophrys mauritanica, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufogenin is a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans; it is also one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential cardiotonic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufogenin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and has been shown to reduce blood pressure in a rat model of preeclampsia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

12-HHTrE

C17H28O3 (280.2038)

12(S)-HHTrE is an unusual product of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and one of the primary arachidonic acid metabolites of the human platelet.1 It is biosynthesized by thromboxane (TX) synthesis from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) concurrently with TXA2. The biological role of 12(S)-HHTrE is uncertain. It is avidly oxidized to 12-oxoHTrE by porcine 15-hydroxy PGDH. [HMDB] 12(S)-HHTrE is an unusual product of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and one of the primary arachidonic acid metabolites of the human platelet.1 It is biosynthesized by thromboxane (TX) synthesis from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) concurrently with TXA2. The biological role of 12(S)-HHTrE is uncertain. It is avidly oxidized to 12-oxoHTrE by porcine 15-hydroxy PGDH.

Strictosidine

C27H34N2O9 (530.2264)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D014748 - Vinca Alkaloids Annotation level-3 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.677 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.675 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.666

Echimidine

C20H31NO7 (397.21)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2304 INTERNAL_ID 2304; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine

C5H14NO6P (215.0559)

Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine is a membrane breakdown product resulting from the cleavage of the lipid group from glycerophosphoethanlomine fatty acids (i.e. phosphatidylethanolamine). It acts as a growth stimulant for hepatocytes. A membrane breakdown product resulting from the cleavage of the lipid group from glycerophosphoethanlomine fatty acids (i.e. phosphatidylethanolamine). It acts as a growth stimulant for hepatocytes. [HMDB]

Flavoxate

C24H25NO4 (391.1783)

A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist. [PubChem] G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents

Lucidin omega-methyl ether

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

2-Furanmethanol

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

2-Furanmethanol, also known as 2-furylcarbinol or furfural alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as heteroaromatic compounds. Heteroaromatic compounds are compounds containing an aromatic ring where a carbon atom is linked to an hetero atom. Its structure is that of a furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position. 2-Furanmethanol is a sweet, alcoholic and bitter tasting compound. 2-Furanmethanol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cereals and cereal products, potato, white mustards, arabica coffee, and cocoa and cocoa products. This could make 2-furanmethanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Isolated from coffee aroma, tea, wheat bread, crispbread, soybean, cocoa, rice, potato chips and other sources. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Furanmethanol is found in many foods, some of which are sesame, pulses, white mustard, and potato.

2-Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

2-Heptanone, also known as butylacetone or heptan-2-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-heptanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-Heptanone is a ketone with the molecular formula C7H14O. 2-Heptanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Heptanone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Heptanone is a sweet, cinnamon, and coconut tasting compound. 2-Heptanone is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corns, cow milk, and peppermints. 2-Heptanone has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as tarragons, blackberries, tortilla chips, ceylon cinnamons, and evergreen blackberries. 2-Heptanone is one of the metabolites of n-heptane found in the urine of employees exposed to heptane in shoe and tire factories. 2-Heptanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, crohns disease, and hepatic encephalopathy; 2-heptanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. It is a colorless to white liquid with a banana-like, fruity odor. Present in apple, morello cherry, feijoa fruit, grapes, quince, clove bud, cheeses, wines, black tea, raw shrimp, Ceylon cinnamon, rancid coconut oil and other foodstuffsand is also a minor constituent of plant oils. Flavour ingredient

3-Nitrophenol

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

Feruloyl-CoA

C31H44N7O19P3S (943.1625)

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of ferulic acid.

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is present in coffee aroma. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is a flavouring ingredient. Present in coffee aroma. Flavouring ingredient. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

gamma-Humulene

C15H24 (204.1878)

dTDP-D-glucose

C16H26N2O16P2 (564.0758)

Deoxythymidine diphosphate-glucose is an intermediate in the nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway (KEGG). It is a substrate for the enzyme dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase which catalyzes the reaction: dTDP-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O. Deoxythymidine diphosphate-glucose is an intermediate in the Nucleotide sugars metabolism pathway (KEGG) [HMDB]

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid

C3H4O3S (119.9881)

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as 3-mercapto-2-oxopropanoate or beta-thiopyruvate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid and cyanide can be converted into pyruvic acid and thiocyanate; which is mediated by the enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In addition, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-mercaptolactic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme L-lactate dehydrogenase. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. Outside of the human body, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lima beans, spinachs, shallots, mexican groundcherries, and white lupines. This could make 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as beta-mercaptopyruvate or beta-thiopyruvic acid, belongs to alpha-keto acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be found in a number of food items such as garland chrysanthemum, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), tarragon, and arrowhead, which makes 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include cysteine metabolism and cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is also involved in beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria, which is a metabolic disorder. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. Instead, prodrugs, such as sulfanegen, are being evaluated to compensate for the short half-life of 3-mercaptopyruvic acid .

Maltohexaose

C36H62O31 (990.3275)

Maltohexaose is a polysaccharide with 6 units of glucose and can be classified as a maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavourless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, and the higher the sweetness and solubility. Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins (Wikipedia). A 1,4-alpha-D-glucan reacts with H2O to produce maltohexaose. alpha-Amylase is responsible for catalyzing this reaction. Alpha-maltohexaose is a maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available. Constituent of corn starch. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) A maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch.

Piperitenone

C10H14O (150.1045)

Piperitenone is a flavouring agent. It is found in grapefruit juice lemon juice, orange juice, spearmint oil and peppermint oil. It is also found in rosemary, mentha (mint), cornmint, and other herbs and spices. Piperitenone is found in citrus. Piperitenone is a flavouring agent. Piperitenone is present in grapefruit juice lemon juice, orange juice, spearmint oil and peppermint oi

6-Hydroxymellein

C10H10O4 (194.0579)

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

N-Methyltyramine

C9H13NO (151.0997)

N-methyltyramine (NMT) is a phenolic amine. NMT is a potent stimulant of gastrin release present in alcoholic beverages produced by alcoholic fermentation, but not by distillation (i.e.: beer.). NMT is well absorbed in the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. NMT is metabolized in the liver (the site of first-pass metabolism), but not in the small-intestinal mucosa. NMT is occasionally present in the stools of children and infants. Satisfactory results have been obtained in treating infective shock with injection of natural Fructus Aurantii immaturus (nat-FAI); the anti-shock effective compositions in FAI have been proved to be synephrine and NMT. (PMID: 10772638, 2570680). Present in germinating barley roots but not dormant grainsand is also present in dormant sawa millet seed hulls, but not hulled seeds. Alkaloid from prosso millet (Panicum miliaceum)

3-Chloroalanine

C3H6ClNO2 (123.0087)

Acetone cyanohydrin

C4H7NO (85.0528)

Acetone cyanohydrin, also known as 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile or 2-methyllactonitrile, is a member of the class of compounds known as tertiary alcohols. Tertiary alcohols are compounds in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom R3COH (R not H ). Acetone cyanohydrin is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Acetone cyanohydrin can be found in a number of food items such as burdock, sweet marjoram, rice, and garland chrysanthemum, which makes acetone cyanohydrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Acetone cyanohydrin is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. (Wikipedia)

Deoxyribonolactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

Phosphoribosyl-ATP

C15H25N5O20P4 (719.0043)

Phosphoribosyl-ATP belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. These are purine ribonucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Outside of the human body, phosphoribosyl-ATP has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as soybeans, cumins, cabbages, common thymes, and parsnips. This could make phosphoribosyl-ATP a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Phosphoribosyl-ATP takes part in the histidine metabolism pathway. Specifically, phosphoribosyl-ATP is a substrate for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase.

3,4-Pyridinediol

C5H5NO2 (111.032)

Diisopropylphosphate

C6H15O4P (182.0708)

4-Hydroxypheoxyacetate

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine

C14H30N4O2 (286.2369)

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine is a polyamine commonly occurring in normal human urine (PMID 7775374). It has been reported that urinary N1,N12-Diacetylspermine can be used as a marker to efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages (PMID 15837752). N1,N12-Diacetylspermine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). N1,N12-Diacetylspermine is a polyamine commonly occurring in normal human urine (PMID 7775374). It has been reported that urinary N1,N12-Diacetylspermine can be used as a marker to efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages (PMID 15837752). [HMDB]

20-Hydroxy-leukotriene E4

C23H37NO6S (455.2341)

20-Hydroxy-leukotriene E4 is a metabolite that can originate from the lipid oxidation of leukotriene E4 (LTE4). LTE4 is a cysteinyl leukotriene. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are a family of potent inflammatory mediators that appear to contribute to the pathophysiologic features of allergic rhinitis. Nasal blockage induced by CysLTs is mainly due to dilatation of nasal blood vessels which can be induced by the nitric oxide produced through CysLT1 receptor activation. LTE4 activates contractile and inflammatory processes via specific interactions with putative seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to G proteins and subsequent intracellular signaling pathways. LTE4 is metabolized from leukotriene C4 in a reaction catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a particulate dipeptidase from kidney (PMID: 12607939, 12432945, 6311078). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent and are able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signaling pathways.

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

C13H21NO10 (351.1165)

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (alternatively 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (PMID 3623000). It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus (PMID 3700379). 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (PMID 3623000) It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus. (PMID 3700379) [HMDB]

Diadenosine pentaphosphate

C20H29N10O22P5 (916.0146)

Diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system. AP5A in nanomolar concentrations is found to significantly stimulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. AP5A is a P2X agonist. The activation of nucleotide ion tropic receptors increases intracellular calcium concentration, resulting in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. AP5A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP5A have been identified in human platelets and shown to be important modulator of cardiovascular function. AP5A is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon nerve terminal depolarization. At the extracellular level, AP5A can stimulate presynaptic dinucleotide receptors. Responses to AP5A have been described in isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) from several brain areas in different animal species, including man. Dinucleotide receptors are ligand-operated ion channels that allow the influx of cations into the terminals. These cations reach a threshold for N- and P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, which become activated. The activation of the dinucleotide receptor together with the activation of these calcium channels triggers the release of neurotransmitters. The ability of Ap5A to promote glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine release has been described. (PMID: 11212966, 12738682, 11810214, 9607303, 8922753, 10094777, 16401072, 16819989, 17721817, 17361116, 14502438) [HMDB] Diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system. AP5A in nanomolar concentrations is found to significantly stimulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. AP5A is a P2X agonist. The activation of nucleotide ion tropic receptors increases intracellular calcium concentration, resulting in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. AP5A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP5A have been identified in human platelets and shown to be important modulator of cardiovascular function. AP5A is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon nerve terminal depolarization. At the extracellular level, AP5A can stimulate presynaptic dinucleotide receptors. Responses to AP5A have been described in isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) from several brain areas in different animal species, including man. Dinucleotide receptors are ligand-operated ion channels that allow the influx of cations into the terminals. These cations reach a threshold for N- and P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, which become activated. The activation of the dinucleotide receptor together with the activation of these calcium channels triggers the release of neurotransmitters. The ability of Ap5A to promote glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine release has been described. (PMID: 11212966, 12738682, 11810214, 9607303, 8922753, 10094777, 16401072, 16819989, 17721817, 17361116, 14502438). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents

Inositol cyclic phosphate

C6H11O8P (242.0192)

Inositol cyclic phosphate is a substrate for Annexin A3. [HMDB] Inositol cyclic phosphate is a substrate for Annexin A3.

Diketogulonic acid

C6H8O7 (192.027)

Diketogulonic acid (DKG) is a metabolite of the degradation of vitamin C, the nonenzymatic hydrolysis-product of dehydroascorbate. Dehydroascorbate can be reduced back to ascorbate or hydrolyzed to DKG; the latter reaction is irreversible and DKG is devoid of antiscorbutic activity. The degradation pathway of vitamin C continues to produce l-erythrulose and oxalate as final products. DKG appears in human urine and represents approximately 20\\% of the vitamin C by-products (oxalate being approximately 44\\% and dehydroascorbate 20\\%). A major catabolic event in man is the cleavage of the molecule (presumably a spontaneous cleavage of DKG) between C2 and C3, with little if any decarboxylation. The oxalate formed in this way may contribute to the formation of kidney stones in susceptible individuals. However, the association between ascorbate supplementation and increased risk of kidney stone formation remains a matter of controversy. (PMID: 16698813, 17222174)

CoM-S-S-CoB

C13H26NO10PS3 (483.0456)

NSC100044

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C16H17N (223.1361)

1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) as a possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin and evaluated its characteristics relevant to Parkinson disease (PD). 1BnTIQ exist in mammals and is proposed as possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin. PD is believed to be induced by the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, and a type of neurotoxin is proposed to be one of the environmental factors. 1BnTIQ inhibits [3H] dopamine uptake in HEK293 cells which stably express dopamine transporter. 1BnTIQ also inhibits NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 1BnTIQ decreases the dopamine content in the mesencephalon in both dose- and time-dependent manners and it irreversibly reduced the dopamine content. Furthermore, it causes morphological changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the mesencephalon and reduced the number of cells. (PMID 12440154) [HMDB] 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) as a possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin and evaluated its characteristics relevant to Parkinson disease (PD). 1BnTIQ exist in mammals and is proposed as possible PD-eliciting neurotoxin. PD is believed to be induced by the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, and a type of neurotoxin is proposed to be one of the environmental factors. 1BnTIQ inhibits [3H] dopamine uptake in HEK293 cells which stably express dopamine transporter. 1BnTIQ also inhibits NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 1BnTIQ decreases the dopamine content in the mesencephalon in both dose- and time-dependent manners and it irreversibly reduced the dopamine content. Furthermore, it causes morphological changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the mesencephalon and reduced the number of cells. (PMID 12440154). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists

Hexanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1884)

Hexanoyl-CoA, also known as hexanoyl-coenzyme A or caproyl-CoA, is a medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA having hexanoyl as the acyl group. Hexanoyl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, hexanoyl-CoA is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. Hexanoyl-CoA exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hexanoyl-CoA is involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation. Hexanoyl-CoA is also involved in few metabolic disorders, such as fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, mitochondrial beta-oxidation of medium chain saturated fatty acids, and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short chain saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivative that can be involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation. [HMDB]

3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde is the monoamine oxidase (MAO) aldehyde metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine. 3,4- dihydroxymandelaldehyde generates a free radical and activates mitochondrial permeability transition, a mechanism implicated in neuron death. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compounds are neurotoxic, and it has been recently hypothesized that neurodegenerative disorders may be associated with increased levels of this biogenic aldehyde. It is possible to speculate that reduced detoxification of 3,4- dihydroxymandelaldehyde from impaired or deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase function may be a contributing factor in the suggested neurotoxicity of these compounds. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of NAD(P)+ -dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as those derived from catecholamines, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 19 aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in the human genome. Mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases. Several pharmaceutical agents and environmental toxins are also known to disrupt or inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase function. (PMID: 17379813, 14697885, 11164826). 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde, also known as alpha,3,4-trihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde or dhmal, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylacetaldehydes. Phenylacetaldehydes are compounds containing a phenylacetaldehyde moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an acetalydehyde. 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as canola, lentils, grass pea, and moth bean, which makes 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. In humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include disulfiram action pathway and tyrosine metabolism. 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency, alkaptonuria, hawkinsinuria, and tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Propargyl alcohol

C3H4O (56.0262)

A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.

(±)-Pelletierine

C8H15NO (141.1154)

(±)-pelletierine, also known as (-)-isomer of isopelletierine or (+-)-1-(2-piperidinyl)-2-propanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as piperidines. Piperidines are compounds containing a piperidine ring, which is a saturated aliphatic six-member ring with one nitrogen atom and five carbon atoms (±)-pelletierine is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). (±)-pelletierine can be found in pomegranate, which makes (±)-pelletierine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. (±)-Pelletierine is found in fruits. (±)-Pelletierine is an alkaloid from pomegranat

Lacto-N-biose I

C14H25NO11 (383.1428)

Lacto-N-biose I is a common oligosaccharide found in human milk and in numerous other tissues. Oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids.(PMID: 14993226; 11925506; 11432777; 9760191; 9592127; 8608564; 7591266; 7627975; 7766648; 1490103; 3146987; 6689405) [HMDB] Lacto-N-biose I is a common oligosaccharide found in human milk and in numerous other tissues. Oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids.(PMID: 14993226; 11925506; 11432777; 9760191; 9592127; 8608564; 7591266; 7627975; 7766648; 1490103; 3146987; 6689405).

Norreticuline

C18H21NO4 (315.1471)

Lead

Pb (207.9766)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Lead is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Like the element mercury, another heavy metal, lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates both in soft tissues and the bones. Lead can be ingested through fruits and vegetables contaminated by high levels of lead in the soils they were grown in. Soil is contaminated through particulate accumulation from lead in pipes, lead paint and residual emissions from leaded gasoline that was used before the Environment Protection Agency issue the regulation around 1980. [Wikipedia]. Lead is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, asparagus, endive, and flaxseed.

Azlocillin

C20H23N5O6S (461.1369)

Azlocillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, azlocillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that azlocillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Dihydrotachysterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

Dihydrotachysterol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a vitamin D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2. [PubChem]Once hydroxylated to 25-hydroxydihydrotachysterol, the modified drug binds to the vitamin D receptor. The bound form of the vitamin D receptor serves as a transcriptional regulator of bone matrix proteins, inducing the expression of osteocalcin and suppressing synthesis of type I collagen. Vitamin D (when bound to the vitamin D receptor)stimulates the expression of a number of proteins involved in transporting calcium from the lumen of the intestine, across the epithelial cells and into blood. This stimulates intestinal calcium absorption and increases renal phosphate excretion. These are functions that are normally carried out by the parathyroid hormone. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D004872 - Ergocalciferols D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

Megestrol

C22H30O3 (342.2195)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DB - Pregnadien derivatives L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AB - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Latamoxef

C20H20N6O9S (520.1012)

Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the cephalosporins except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain cephalosporins. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Sulfinpyrazone

C23H20N2O3S (404.1195)

Sulfinpyrazone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. [PubChem]Sulfinpyrazone is an oral uricosuric agent (pyrazolone derivative) used to treat chronic or intermittent gouty arthritis. Sulfinpyrazone competitively inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid at the proximal convoluted tubule, thereby facilitating urinary excretion of uric acid and decreasing plasma urate concentrations. This is likely done through inhibition of the urate anion transporter (hURAT1) as well as the human organic anion transporter 4 (hOAT4). Sulfinpyrazone is not intended for the treatment of acute attacks because it lacks therapeutically useful analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Sulfinpyrazone and its sulfide metabolite possess COX inhibitory effects. Sulfinpyrazone has also been shown to be a UDP-glucuronsyltransferase inhibitor and a very potent CYP2C9 inhibitor. Sulfinpyrazone is also known to be a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor as well as an inhibitor of several multridrug resistance proteins (MRPs). M - Musculo-skeletal system > M04 - Antigout preparations > M04A - Antigout preparations > M04AB - Preparations increasing uric acid excretion D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Benzthiazide

C15H14ClN3O4S3 (430.9835)

Benzthiazide is used to treat hypertension and edema. Like other thiazides, benzthiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic

Ethchlorvynol

C7H9ClO (144.0342)

Ethchlorvynol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a sedative and hypnotic drug. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists. [Wikipedia]Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, ethchlorvynol appears to depress the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of barbiturates. Barbiturates bind at a distinct binding sites associated with a Cl^- ionopore at the GABA_A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl^- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Midodrine

C12H18N2O4 (254.1267)

Midodrine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of hypotension. [PubChem]Midodrine forms an active metabolite, desglymidodrine, that is an alpha₁-agonist, and exerts its actions via activation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the arteriolar and venous vasculature, producing an increase in vascular tone and elevation of blood pressure. Desglymidodrine does not stimulate cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Midodrine is an α1-receptor agonist, for the treatment of dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension.

Cefmetazole

C15H17N7O5S3 (471.0453)

Cefmetazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted. [PubChem]The bactericidal activity of cefmetazole results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

cefuroxime axetil

C20H22N4O10S (510.1057)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

(9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

1-Propanethiol

C3H8S (76.0347)

1-Propanethiol, also known as N-propylthiol or propyl mercaptan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylthiols. These are organic compounds containing the thiol functional group linked to an alkyl chain. 1-Propanethiol is a sweet, cabbage, and gassy tasting compound. 1-Propanethiol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as garden onions, fruits, cabbages, wild leeks, and onion-family vegetables. Isolated from onion (Allium cepa) and other Allium sspecies Also present in cooked chicken, beef, beer, American potato chips and durian (Durio zibethinus). 1-Propanethiol is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, wild leek, yellow wax bean, and animal foods.

Falcarinone

C17H22O (242.1671)

Isolated from Sium sisarum (skirret). Falcarinone is found in many foods, some of which are parsley, green vegetables, caraway, and coffee and coffee products. Falcarinone is found in caraway. Falcarinone is isolated from Sium sisarum (skirret).

Quercetin 3-O-sophoroside

C14H16N2O6 (308.1008)

D004396 - Coloring Agents > D050858 - Betalains

CONDELPHINE

C25H39NO6 (449.2777)

Affinine

C20H24N2O2 (324.1838)

4,8,13-Duratriene-1,3-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Carnegine

C13H19NO2 (221.1416)

alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol

C15H24O (220.1827)

(7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a constituent of sandalwood oil. (7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a flavouring agent

Fawcettidine

C16H23NO (245.178)

Xanthochymol

C38H50O6 (602.3607)

Xanthochymol is found in fruits. Xanthochymol is a constituent of the famine food Garcinia xanthochymus

Primetin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 8.

Carpaine

C28H50N2O4 (478.377)

Pseudocarpaine is found in fruits. Minor alkaloid from leaves of Carica papaya (papaya Alkaloid from leaves of Carica papaya (papaya)

Kandelin A1

C39H32O15 (740.1741)

Lunularic acid

C15H14O4 (258.0892)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

Pseudohypericin is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene. Pseudohypericin is a natural product found in Hypericum bithynicum, Hypericum linarioides, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

(R)-3',7-Dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan

C17H18O5 (302.1154)

(±)-3,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyisoflavan is found in common bean. (±)-3,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyisoflavan is isolated from Astragalus gummifer (tragacanth Isolated from Astragalus gummifer (tragacanth). (±)-3,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyisoflavan is found in common bean, yellow wax bean, and green bean.

Anthricin

C22H22O7 (398.1365)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D018796 - Immunoconjugates D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007136 - Immunoglobulins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D000906 - Antibodies D009676 - Noxae > D000922 - Immunotoxins Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3].

(+)-galbacin

C20H20O5 (340.1311)

Flindersiamine

C14H11NO5 (273.0637)

Maculine

C13H9NO4 (243.0532)

Gramicidin S

C60H92N12O10 (1140.7059)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Origin: Microbe; SubCategory_DNP: Peptides, Cyclic peptides, Tyrothricins Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic. Gramicidin S is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by perturbing integrity of the bacterial membranes. Gramicidin S also inhibits cytochrome bd quinol oxidase[1].

Biapenem

C15H18N4O4S (350.1049)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DH - Carbapenems D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01057

1-((4-Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole

C17H12F4N2O2S (384.0556)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

MK-329

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Same as: D02693 Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

SB-200646

C15H14N4O (266.1168)

Xamoterol

C16H25N3O5 (339.1794)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists Same as: D06328

Ethylketocyclazocine

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

avermectin B2a

C48H74O15 (890.5027)

Yemenine A

C18H19NO5 (329.1263)

Crinamidine

C17H19NO5 (317.1263)

Papyramine

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Homochelidonine

C21H23NO5 (369.1576)

alpha-Terpineol acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].

Cyclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

Cyclacillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cyclohexylamido analog of penicillanic acid. [PubChem]The bactericidal activity of cyclacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cyclacillin is stable in the presence of a variety of b-lactamases, including penicillinases and some cephalosporinases. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01334

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)

K2SO4 (173.8791)

Flavouring agent and enhancer Same as: D01726

Talampanel

C19H19N3O3 (337.1426)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant Same as: D02696 Talampanel (LY300164) is an orally and selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonis with anti-seizure activity[1]. Talampanel (IVAX) has neuroprotective effects in rodent stroke models[2]. Talampanel attenuates caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in mouse brain[2].

Gaboxadol

C6H8N2O2 (140.0586)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics Same as: D04282 THIP (Gaboxadol) is a selective extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (eGABARs) agonist (with blood-brain barrier permeability), shows an EC50 value of 13 μM for δ-GABAAR. THIP induces strong tense GABAA-mediated currents in layer 2/3 neurons, but shows on effect on miniature IPSCs. THIP can be used in studies of sleep disorders[1][2][3].

N-phenylanthranilic acid

C13H11NO2 (213.079)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

IAA-94

C17H18Cl2O4 (356.0582)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

Domoic acid

C15H21NO6 (311.1369)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Isodomoic acid F is found in mollusks. Isodomoic acid F is isolated from mussels. Isolated from mussels. Isodomoic acid F is found in mollusks.

Dimethylstilbestrol

C16H16O2 (240.115)

Ethisterone

C21H28O2 (312.2089)

Ethisterone is a metabolite of danazol. Ethisterone is a progestogen hormone. The first orally active progestin, ethisterone (pregneninolone, 17α-ethynyltestosterone or 19–norandrostane), the 17α-ethynyl analog of testosterone, was synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen, Willy Logemann, Walter Hohlweg, and Arthur Serini at Schering AG in Berlin and marketed in Germany in 1939 as Proluton C and by Schering in the U.S. in 1945 as Pranone. Ethisterone was also marketed in the U.S. (Wikipedia) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone ATC code: G03DC04

Bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

Bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate is a food additive [Goodscents]. Food additive [Goodscents]

Flucythrinate

C26H23F2NO4 (451.1595)

RifamycinS

C37H45NO12 (695.2942)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D012294 - Rifamycins Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy[1][2][3].

Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol

C21H34O4 (350.2457)

Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol (THS) is a mineralocorticoid, the main urinary metabolite of 11-deoxycortisol. THS excretion is significantly associated with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion, total androgen excretion, and cortisol metabolites. Aldosterone synthesis is highly heritable and is affected by genotype at CYP11B1. Variation in the region of chromosome 8 including the genes steroid 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) influences mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid metabolism; differences in 11-hydroxylation efficiency can have downstream effects on mineralocorticoid synthesis. Such effects may be of relevance to the development of low-renin essential hypertension. Genotype differences in CYP11B1 explains approx. 5\\% of the variance in urinary THS excretion in the population. Excretion of THS is heritable (19.4\\%) and the T-allele of the −344 C/T polymorphism of CYP11B2 is more strongly assocd. with higher THS levels than the C-allele. (PMID: 16984984, 15522937, 15272911) [HMDB] Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol (THS) is a mineralocorticoid, the main urinary metabolite of 11-deoxycortisol. THS excretion is significantly associated with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion, total androgen excretion, and cortisol metabolites. Aldosterone synthesis is highly heritable and is affected by genotype at CYP11B1. Variation in the region of chromosome 8 including the genes steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) influences mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid metabolism; differences in 11-hydroxylation efficiency can have downstream effects on mineralocorticoid synthesis. Such effects may be of relevance to the development of low-renin essential hypertension. Genotype differences in CYP11B1 explains approximately 5\\% of the variance in urinary THS excretion in the population. Excretion of THS is heritable (19.4\\%) and the T-allele of the -344 C/T polymorphism of CYP11B2 is more strongly associated with higher THS levels than the C-allele. (PMID: 16984984, 15522937, 15272911). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Melengestrol acetate

C25H32O4 (396.23)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone Same as: D04900 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9713; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9708 DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9713; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9708 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9743; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9739 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9761; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9757 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9788; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9784 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9754; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9750 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9789; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9786

Cortancyl

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

Same as: D08416

Bromoform

CHBr3 (249.7628)

Bromoform, also known as Tribromomethane or Methyl tribromide, is classified as a member of the Trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms. Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where it is formed probably by algae and kelp. Bromoform is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Exposure to bromoform may occur from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water. The acute (short-term) effects from inhalation or ingestion of high levels of bromoform in humans and animals consist of nervous system effects such as the slowing down of brain functions, and injury to the liver and kidney. Chronic (long-term) animal studies indicate effects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) from oral exposure to bromoform. Human data are considered inadequate in providing evidence of cancer by exposure to bromoform, while animal data indicate that long-term oral exposure can cause liver and intestinal tumors. Bromoform has been classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as disinfection byproducts known as the trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water or swimming pools to kill bacteria. In the past, it was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now it is mainly used as a laboratory reagent. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. Bromoform is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens

trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene

C16H14 (206.1095)

Chloral

C2HCl3O (145.9093)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

CE(18:2(9Z,12Z))

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694) [HMDB] Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694). Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

Complestatin

C61H45Cl6N7O15 (1325.1105)

A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of N-acylated trytophan, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycyl, tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residues joined in sequence and in which the side-chain of the central 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residue is attached to the side-chain of the tryptophan via a C3-C6 bond and to the side-chain of the tyrosine via an ether bond from C5. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity.

Episterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

Episterol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, episterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Episterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. Episterol is converted from 24-methylenelophenol. Episterol is converted into 5-dehydroepisterol by lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6). Episterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. Episterol is converted from 24-Methylenelophenol. Episterol is converted to 5-Dehydroepisterol by lathosterol oxidase [EC:1.14.21.6]. [HMDB]. Episterol is found in many foods, some of which are common chokecherry, eggplant, wax gourd, and red huckleberry.

ST 28:1;O2

C28H48O2 (416.3654)

Staphyloxanthin

C51H78O8 (818.5696)

A xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

6,7-Benzocoumarin

C13H8O2 (196.0524)

Petromyzonol

C24H42O4 (394.3083)

Spergualin

C17H37N7O4 (403.2907)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

halichondrin B

C60H86O19 (1110.5763)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

Islandicin

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

Bombykol

C16H30O (238.2297)

Bombykol, the first insect sex pheromone, is identified as the female-produced sex attractant of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori[1][2][3].

Cnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Cnidilide is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofurans. Isobenzofurans are organic aromatic compounds containing an isobenzofuran moiety. Cnidilide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cnidilide can be found in wild celery, which makes cnidilide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

carthamidin

C15H12O6 (288.0634)

Kuraridinol

C26H32O7 (456.2148)

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4, 2 and 4, a methoxy group at position 6 and a 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 3 respectively.

Arcapillin

C18H16O8 (360.0845)

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4 and 5 and methoxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 7 respectively.

Gomisin D

C28H34O10 (530.2152)

Gomisin D is a natural product found in Schisandra chinensis with data available. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1]. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1].

Pheophorbide a

C35H36N4O5 (592.2686)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents Pheophorbide A is an intermediate product in the chlorophyll degradation pathway and can be used as a photosensitizer. Pheophorbide A acts as a lymphovascular activator with antitumor activity[1]. Pheophorbide a. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=15664-29-6 (retrieved 2024-08-21) (CAS RN: 15664-29-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

D-Valine

C5H11NO2 (117.079)

Flavouring ingredient

DL-Proline

C5H9NO2 (115.0633)

Proline, also known as dl-proline or hpro, belongs to proline and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Proline is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Proline can be found in a number of food items such as yellow zucchini, swiss chard, spinach, and cucumber, which makes proline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P; encoded by the codons CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated NH2+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate . CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 53 (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

CoA 4:1;O2

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

The (R)-enantiomer of methylmalonyl-CoA.

D-Carnitine

C7H15NO3 (161.1052)

The (S)-enantiomer of carnitine. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiviral agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a hydroxycoumarin and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a coumarin. Daphnoretin is a natural product found in Coronilla scorpioides, Edgeworthia chrysantha, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Visnagin

C13H10O4 (230.0579)

Visnagin is a furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga. It has a role as a phytotoxin, an EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a furanochromone, an aromatic ether and a polyketide. It is functionally related to a 5H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one. Visnagin is a natural product found in Ammi visnaga, Musineon divaricatum, and Actaea dahurica with data available. A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2]. Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2].

Neocnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Sedanolide is a member of 2-benzofurans. Sedanolide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of celery oil. Neocnidilide is found in many foods, some of which are dill, coriander, wild celery, and green vegetables. Neocnidilide is found in coriander. Neocnidilide is a constituent of celery oil Sedanolide, a natural compound occurring in edible umbelliferous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2]. Sedanolide, a natural compound occurring in edible umbelliferous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2].

Erythronic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

Erythronic acid is a sugar component of aqueous humour (eye). It may be derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. Erythronic acid is a normal organic acid present in a healthy adult and pediatric population. It has been found in urine, plasma, CSF, and synovial fluid (PMID: 14708889, 8087979, 8376520, 10420182). Erythronic acid is formed when N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is oxidized. GlcNAc is a constituent of hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of glucuronic acid and GlcNAc, present as an aqueous solution in synovial fluid. In the synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, HA is thought to be degraded either by radicals generated by Fenton chemistry (Fe2+/H2O2) or by NaOCl generated by myeloperoxidase (PMID: 10614067). Erythronic acid is a sugar component of aqueous humour (eye). It may be derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. Erythronic acid is a normal organic acid present in a healthy adult and pediatric population. It has been found in urine, plasma, CSF and synovial fluid. (PMID: 14708889, 8087979, 8376520, 10420182) Erythronic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13752-84-6 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 13752-84-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Methaqualone

C16H14N2O (250.1106)

Methaqualone, also known as optimil or ortonal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinazolines. Quinazolines are compounds containing a quinazoline moiety, which is made up of two fused six-member aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring. Methaqualone is a drug which is used for the treatment of insomnia, and as a sedative and muscle relaxant. Methaqualone exists as a solid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

sn-glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine

C5H14NO6P (215.0559)

Sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a substrate for: Lysoplasmalogenase. Glycerophosphoethanolamine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1190-00-7 (retrieved 2024-07-25) (CAS RN: 1190-00-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is found in herbs and spices. 2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is a constituent of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel). Constituent of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel). 2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is found in herbs and spices.

(R)-Pelletierine

C8H15NO (141.1154)

(R)-Pelletierine is found in fruits. (R)-Pelletierine is an alkaloid from pomegranat Alkaloid from pomegranate. (R)-Pelletierine is found in fruits and pomegranate.

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

Detoxification of cyclophosphamide is effected, in part, by hepatic class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1)-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide, a pivotal aldehyde intermediate, to the nontoxic metabolite, carboxyphosphamide. Detoxification of aldophosphamide may also be effected by enzymes, viz. Thus, NAD-linked oxidation and NADPH-linked reduction of aldophosphamide catalyzed by relevant erythrocyte enzymes were quantified. (PMID: 9394035) Class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH-1) function as drug resistance gene products by catalyzing the irreversible conversion of aldophosphamide, an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, to an inert compound. (PMID: 9322086) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Indicaxanthin

C14H16N2O6 (308.1008)

Indicaxanthin is found in fruits. Indicaxanthin is a constituent of the fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica (Indian fig) Indicaxanthin is a type of betaxanthin, a plant pigment present in beets, prickly pear cactus, and a powerful antioxidant. It is also found in red dragonfruit D004396 - Coloring Agents > D050858 - Betalains

S-Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

(-)-Deoxypodophyllotoxin

C22H22O7 (398.1365)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D018796 - Immunoconjugates D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007136 - Immunoglobulins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D000906 - Antibodies D009676 - Noxae > D000922 - Immunotoxins

3-Chloro-D-alanine

C3H6ClNO2 (123.0087)

y,y-Carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,12-hexahydro-, cis-(9CI)

C40H62 (542.4851)

2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

(8R)-3-[(4S,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7,8-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol

C11H16N4O4 (268.1171)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D005573 - Formycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D058892 - Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors

beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

(Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

(1R,4R,5S,9R,10S,13R)-5,9-Dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

Kaurenoic acid, also known as kaur-16-en-18-oic acid or kaurenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. Kaurane diterpenoids are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D. Kaurenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaurenoic acid can be found in sunflower, which makes kaurenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1]. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1].

cefuroxime axetil

C20H22N4O10S (510.1057)

Epi-Lipoxin A4

C20H32O5 (352.225)

Epicholesterol

C27H46O (386.3548)

Gabexate

C16H23N3O4 (321.1688)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

pyridine-3,4-diol

C5H5NO2 (111.032)

Momordin B

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Momordin b, also known as oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronide or 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)oleanolate, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpene saponins. Triterpene saponins are glycosylated derivatives of triterpene sapogenins. The sapogenin moiety backbone is usually based on the oleanane, ursane, taraxastane, bauerane, lanostane, lupeol, lupane, dammarane, cycloartane, friedelane, hopane, 9b,19-cyclo-lanostane, cycloartane, or cycloartanol skeleton. Momordin b is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Momordin b can be found in bitter gourd, which makes momordin b a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

Ipomic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Calea jamaicensis, and other organisms with data available. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

Sophoraflavonoloside

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside is a sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a sophoroside. Sophoraflavonoloside is a natural product found in Equisetum palustre, Vigna subterranea, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1].

Gomisin

C28H34O10 (530.2152)

Gomisin D is a natural product found in Schisandra chinensis with data available. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1]. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1].

Isosakuranetin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Isosakuranetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia.

Irisflorentin

C20H18O8 (386.1002)

Irisflorentin, a naturally occurring isoflavone, is an abundant active constituent in Belamcanda chinensis. Irisflorentin markedly reduces the transcriptional and translational levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of NO. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Irisflorentin, a naturally occurring isoflavone, is an abundant active constituent in Belamcanda chinensis. Irisflorentin markedly reduces the transcriptional and translational levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of NO. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].

2-Deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

5-Methoxytryptamine

C11H14N2O (190.1106)

A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.

afzelechin

C15H14O5 (274.0841)

Afzelechin is a flavan-3ol, a type of flavonoids. It can be found in Bergenia ligulata (aka Paashaanbhed in Ayurveda traditional Indian medicine).; Afzelechin-(4alpha?8)-afzelechin (molecular formula : C30H26O10, molar mass : 546.52 g/mol, exact mass : 546.152597, CAS number : 101339-37-1, Pubchem CID : 12395) is a B type proanthocyanidin. Ent-epiafzelechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate-(4??8,2??O?7)-epiafzelechin) is an A-type proanthocyanidin found in apricots (Prunus armeniaca).

Apiin

C26H28O14 (564.1479)

Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

A dicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

gabexate

C16H23N3O4 (321.1688)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.010 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.011 Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Gibberellin A19

C20H26O6 (362.1729)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins A C20-gibberellin.

phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. It is formed from phytoene in a desaturation reaction leading to the formation of five conjugated double bonds. In the following step, addition of carbon-carbon conjugated double bonds leads to the formation of z-carotene and appearance of visible color.; Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytofluene is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, yellow bell pepper, caraway, and pepper (c. annuum).

Syringaresinol

C22H26O8 (418.1628)

(+)-syringaresinol is the (7alpha,7alpha,8alpha,8alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-syringaresinol. (+)-Syringaresinol is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Diospyros eriantha, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). The (7alpha,7alpha,8alpha,8alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.

alpha-Terpineol acetate

C12H20O2 (196.1463)

alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a p-menthane monoterpenoid. alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Terpinyl acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].

nitrazepam

C15H11N3O3 (281.08)

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (Wests syndrome). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1535

Nordazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1611

MONURON

C9H11ClN2O (198.056)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 161

Cinchonine

C19H22N2O (294.1732)

Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H22N2O; Bottle Name:Cinchonine; PRIME Parent Name:Cinchonine; PRIME in-house No.:V0325; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from anthranilic acid, Quinoline alkaloids Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.610 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2401; CONFIDENCE confident structure Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells[1]. Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells[1].

Laudanosine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.628 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.624 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2441; CONFIDENCE confident structure DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].

Valine

C5H11NO2 (117.079)

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Valine (Valine) is a new nonlinear semiorganic material[1]. L-Valine (Valine) is a new nonlinear semiorganic material[1].

Proline

C5H9NO2 (115.0633)

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

C4H8O3 (104.0473)

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Resibufogenin

C24H32O4 (384.23)

Annotation level-1 Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

3-CMP

C9H14N3O8P (323.0518)

A cytidine 3-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3-position. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Cytidylic acid) is a nucleotide which is used as a monomer in RNA. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate consists of the nucleobase cytosine, the pentose sugar ribose, and the phosphate group[1]. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Cytidylic acid) is a nucleotide which is used as a monomer in RNA. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate consists of the nucleobase cytosine, the pentose sugar ribose, and the phosphate group[1].

methazolamide

C5H8N4O3S2 (236.0038)

S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics

rimantadine

C12H21N (179.1674)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AC - Cyclic amines D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

3-Indoleacetonitrile

C10H8N2 (156.0687)

3-Indoleacetonitrile is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Indoleacetonitrile is an endogenous metabolite.

Hexylamine

C6H15N (101.1204)

A 6-carbon primary aliphatic amine.

6-Hydroxynicotinic Acid

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

A monohydroxypyridine that is the 6-hydroxy derivative of nicotinic acid. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Homocarnosine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

N-Methyltyramine

C9H13NO (151.0997)

3-mercaptopyruvic acid

C3H4O3S (119.9881)

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a sulfanyl group at position 3.

BROMPHENIRAMINE

C16H19BrN2 (318.0732)

R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AB - Substituted alkylamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

2-HEPTANONE

C7H14O (114.1045)

Adrenosterone

C19H24O3 (300.1725)

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17. Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells[1][2][3].

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid

C10H20O3 (188.1412)

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (NSC 15139) is a saturated fatty acid of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].

Melezitose

C18H32O16 (504.169)

Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C18H32O16; Bottle Name:D-(+)-Melezitose monohydrate / D-(+)-Melezitose hydrate; PRIME Parent Name:D-Melezitose; PRIME in-house No.:?V0068 S0210, Polysaccharides (?V0068: D-Melezitose, ?S0210: D-Melezitose) D-(+)-Melezitose can be used to identify clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp.

Visnagin

C13H10O4 (230.0579)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2]. Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2].

fenoprofen

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

COUMATETRALYL

C19H16O3 (292.1099)

D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D015110 - 4-Hydroxycoumarins

Azulene

C10H8 (128.0626)

One micro litter of the liquid sample was dropped in a 10 mL glass vial. The vial was placed under the DART ion source.; Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a method of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Protons, H+, generated by glow discharge ionization of the He gas in the ionization chamber, DART-SVP (IonSense Inc., MA, USA), were major reactant ions for the chemical ionization of samples.; The interface introducing the product ions to the mass spectrometer was Vapur Interface (AMR. Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The pressure in the interface was 710 Torr (96.3 kPa).; 1 mg of azulene was placed on glass capillary. The capillary was placed in the gas flow that ran from the ion source.; Azulene was purchased from TCI A0634.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].

Vomitoxin

C15H20O6 (296.126)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5967

Inosine diphosphate

C10H14N4O11P2 (428.0134)

dTDP-D-glucose

C16H26N2O16P2 (564.0758)

CHOLESTERYL LINOLEATE

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

2-Hydroxymyristic acid

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

A derivative of myristic acid having a hydroxy substituent at C-2.

Meiaa

C11H11NO2 (189.079)

Methyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate is an endogenous metabolite.

FA 14:0;O

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

FA 6:2;O5

C6H8O7 (192.027)

20-hydroxy-LTE4

C23H37NO6S (455.2341)

20-Hydroxy-leukotriene E4

C23H37NO6S (455.2341)

Pentanamide

C5H11NO (101.0841)

Falcarinone

C17H22O (242.1671)

ST 21:2;O2

C21H32O2 (316.2402)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.

pyrethrin II

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

Piperitenone

C10H14O (150.1045)

canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967)

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Cyanin

C27H31O16+ (611.1612)

An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin(1+) carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.

Mucronulatol

C17H18O5 (302.1154)

A methoxyisoflavan that is (S)-isoflavan substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 3 respectively.

carthamidin

C15H12O6 (288.0634)

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 6.

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzoic acid

C12H14O3 (206.0943)

d-Corlin

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

dihydrotachysterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D004872 - Ergocalciferols D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

DL-Aspartic Acid

C4H7NO4 (133.0375)

3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose is a member of the class of compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose can be found in pomegranate, which makes 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Constituent of Allium chinense (rakkyo). Gitogenin 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosyl-(1->4)-galactoside] is found in onion-family vegetables. Pigment from Phytolacca americana (pokeberry). 15-Epibetanidin 5-[E-feruloyl-(->3)-apiosyl-(1->2)-glucoside] is found in fruits. Isolated from sugar cane leaves (Saccharum officinarum) Constituent of the famine food Physalis angulata (cutleaf ground cherry). 24,25-Epoxywithanolide D is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Isolated from Melilotus alba (white melilot). cis-o-Coumaric acid 2-glucoside is found in herbs and spices and pulses. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids

Potassium sulfate

K2O4S (173.8791)

Masoprocol

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3].

N-phenylanthranilic acid

C13H11NO2 (213.079)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

Cyclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

gaboxadol

C6H8N2O2 (140.0586)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics Same as: D04282 THIP (Gaboxadol) is a selective extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (eGABARs) agonist (with blood-brain barrier permeability), shows an EC50 value of 13 μM for δ-GABAAR. THIP induces strong tense GABAA-mediated currents in layer 2/3 neurons, but shows on effect on miniature IPSCs. THIP can be used in studies of sleep disorders[1][2][3].

Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

azulen

C10H8 (128.0626)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].

CORFREE M1

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Luteanin

C20H23NO4 (341.1627)

Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1]. Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1].

Dodecanal

C12H24O (184.1827)

Devoton

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

I6783_SIGMA

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.

Cnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

1,4-Cineol

C10H18O (154.1358)

1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2]. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2].

AIDS-226940

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

30373-88-7

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1].

1330-91-2

C24H38O4 (390.277)

AIDS-071717

C17H14O5 (298.0841)

The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]

AI3-23868

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

XS-89

C23H32O6 (404.2199)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins Strophanthidin is a naturally available cardiac glycoside[1]. Strophanthidin 0.1 and 1 nmol/L increases and 1~100 μmol/L inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activities, but Strophanthidin 10 and 100 nmol/L does not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal[2]. Strophanthidin increases both diastolic and systolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration[3]. Strophanthidin is a naturally available cardiac glycoside[1]. Strophanthidin 0.1 and 1 nmol/L increases and 1~100 μmol/L inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activities, but Strophanthidin 10 and 100 nmol/L does not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal[2]. Strophanthidin increases both diastolic and systolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration[3].

Veratral

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Gondoic acid

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].

ANISIC ACID

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

75-86-5

C4H7NO (85.0528)

Byakangelicol

C17H16O6 (316.0947)

Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1]. Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1].

31721-94-5

C9H6O4 (178.0266)

5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1]. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, the extract of Cudrania tricuspidata, activates Nrf2/ARE signal and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone inhibits the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells[1].

AIDS-098141

C16H12O5 (284.0685)

LS-2036

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

Mesaconate

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

370-98-9

C9H13NO (151.0997)

Actinex

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3]. Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3].

Obtusifoliol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1]. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1].

FR-0155

C5H11NO (101.0841)

Thymelol

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Neric acid

C10H16O2 (168.115)

alpha-Santalol

C15H24O (220.1827)

Constituent of sandalwood oil. Flavouring agent

CID 11953986

C48H74O15 (890.5027)

Devazepide

C25H20N4O2 (408.1586)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist Devazepide (L-364,718) is a potent, competitive, selective and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, with IC50s of 81 pM, 45 pM and 245 nM for rat pancreatic, bovine gallbladder and guinea pig brain CCK receptors, respectively. Devazepide (L-364,718) is effective for gastrointestinal disorders[1].

n-[(2r)-1-Phenylpropan-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1-amine

C12H15N (173.1204)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

CID 10079877

C60H86O19 (1110.5763)

D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents

Biacangelicol

C17H16O6 (316.0947)

Byakangelicol is a member of psoralens. Byakangelicol is a natural product found in Murraya koenigii, Ostericum grosseserratum, and other organisms with data available. Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1]. Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation[1].

Isoarnebin I

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

Cirsilineol

C18H16O7 (344.0896)

Cirsilineol is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsilineol is a natural product found in Thymus herba-barona, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively.

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available. A tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position.

Momordin B

C36H56O9 (632.3924)

Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid. Calenduloside E is a natural product found in Anredera baselloides, Polyscias scutellaria, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1]. Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from Aralia elata. Calenduloside E (CE) has anti-apoptotic potent by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)[1].

DHSA

C18H36O4 (316.2613)

9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 9,10-dihydroxystearate. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Apis cerana with data available. A hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from stearic acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10.

METHYL ACETATE

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

FURFURYL ALCOHOL

C5H6O2 (98.0368)

benzthiazide

C15H14ClN3O4S3 (430.9835)

C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic

sulfinpyrazone

C23H20N2O3S (404.1195)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M04 - Antigout preparations > M04A - Antigout preparations > M04AB - Preparations increasing uric acid excretion D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C921 - Uricosuric Agent

methylthiouracil

C5H6N2OS (142.0201)

H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H03 - Thyroid therapy > H03B - Antithyroid preparations > H03BA - Thiouracils D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C885 - Antithyroid Agent Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2. Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.

Tamsulosin

C20H28N2O5S (408.1719)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04C - Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy > G04CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models[1].

1-Propanethiol

C3H8S (76.0347)

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine

C4H8N2O (100.0637)

Ethchlorvynol

C7H9ClO (144.0342)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Acetone cyanohydrin

C4H7NO (85.0528)

Barban

C11H9Cl2NO2 (257.001)

hydroxyprogesterone caproate

C27H40O4 (428.2926)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

5α-Dihydroprogesterone

C21H32O2 (316.2402)

A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.

Eprosartan

C23H24N2O4S (424.1457)

C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09C - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain > C09CA - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C66930 - Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D057912 - Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC50s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively [1].

promazine

C17H20N2S (284.1347)

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AA - Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics

Azlocillin

C20H23N5O6S (461.1369)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

DIBUTYL SUCCINATE

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

N-Nitrosodipropylamine

C6H14N2O (130.1106)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Phenyl phosphate

C6H7O4P (174.0082)

An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.

Cefmetazole

C15H17N7O5S3 (471.0453)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins A cephalosporin antibiotic containg an N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl side-chain at C-3 of the parent cephem bicyclic structure. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

midodrine

C12H18N2O4 (254.1267)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Midodrine is an α1-receptor agonist, for the treatment of dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension.

Latamoxef

C20H20N6O9S (520.1012)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

O-Acetylcarnitine

C9H18NO4+ (204.1236)

flavoxate

C24H25NO4 (391.1783)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents

1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C16H17N (223.1361)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists

L-Threonic acid

C4H8O5 (136.0372)

The L-enantiomer of threonic acid.

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)

D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

12S-HHTrE

C17H28O3 (280.2038)

A trienoic fatty acid that consists of (5Z,8E,10E)-heptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid bearing an additional 12S-hydroxy substituent.

3-FLUOROBENZOIC ACID

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

methyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate

C11H11NO2 (189.079)

Methyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

Hexanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1884)

A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA having hexanoyl as the S-acyl group.

Pelletierine

C8H15NO (141.1154)

2Deoxy-thymidine-5-diphospho-alpha-D-glucose

C16H26N2O16P2 (564.0758)

H-Phg-OH

C8H9NO2 (151.0633)

H-Tyr-OMe

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

e-64

C15H27N5O5 (357.2012)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents

N(6)-Methyllysine

C7H16N2O2 (160.1212)

A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.

Glu-Glu

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)

A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.

3-cyano-L-alanine

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

A cyanoamino acid that is the 3-cyano-derivative of L-alanine.

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

The (S)-enantiomer of methylmalonyl-CoA.

N1,N12-Diacetylspermine

C14H30N4O2 (286.2369)

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

The (S)-enantiomer of N-methylcoclaurine.

Bis(adenosine)-5-pentaphosphate

C20H29N10O22P5 (916.0146)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents

2-Deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C5H11O7P (214.0242)

The alpha-anomer of 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate.

Cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Carpaine

C28H50N2O4 (478.377)

An alkaloid that forms a major component of the papaya leaves and has been shown to exhibit cardiovascular effects.

Galbeta1,3GlcNAc

C14H25NO11 (383.1428)

An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactose linked via a (1->3)-glycosidic bond to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

1D-Myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate

C6H11O8P (242.0192)

2,3-Diketogulonic Acid

C6H8O7 (192.027)

A carbohydrate acid formally derived from gulonic acid by oxidation of the -OH groups at positions 2 and 3 to keto groups.

Diisopropylphosphate

C6H15O4P (182.0708)

O(6)-Methyl-2-deoxyguanosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.1124)

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

Indicaxanthin

C14H16N2O6 (308.1008)

D004396 - Coloring Agents > D050858 - Betalains

3-O-Acetylhamayne

C18H19NO5 (329.1263)

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

CID 443409

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Bromoform

CHBr3 (249.7628)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens

Trichloroacetaldehyde

C2HCl3O (145.9093)

An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Potassium sulfate

K2SO4 (173.8791)

Same as: D01726

Ciclacillin

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01334

2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid

C10H8O3S (208.0194)

CE 18:2

C45H76O2 (648.5845)

The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate. Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.

Fenamic acid

C13H11NO2 (213.079)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

2,4-xylenol

C8H10O (122.0732)

A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.

Butylate

C11H23NOS (217.15)

3-Nitrophenol

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

Geranate

C10H16O2 (168.115)

A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is octa-2,6-dienoic acid bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 2E-isomer).

Butyrylcarnitine

C11H21NO4 (231.1471)

Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

Episterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

Diamyl phthalate

C18H26O4 (306.1831)

Dipentyl phthalate is an endocrine-disrupting phthalate plasticizer. Dipentyl phthalate increases AMPK phosphorylation and decreases AKT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1 levels. Dipentyl phthalate reduces adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Dipentyl phthalate is a testicular toxicant[1]. Dipentyl phthalate is an endocrine-disrupting phthalate plasticizer. Dipentyl phthalate increases AMPK phosphorylation and decreases AKT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1 levels. Dipentyl phthalate reduces adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Dipentyl phthalate is a testicular toxicant[1].

Vinclozoline

C12H9Cl2NO3 (284.9959)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000726 - Androgen Antagonists D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

4,4-Methylenedianiline

C13H14N2 (198.1157)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

thiodiacetic acid

C4H6O4S (149.9987)

Talwin

C19H27NO (285.2093)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

3,3-dimethylbenzidine

C14H16N2 (212.1313)

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

PCB 52

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Isopropyl adipate

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

SC-58125

C17H12F4N2O2S (384.0556)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Glycerophosphorylethanolamine

C5H14NO6P (215.0559)

Rathyronine

C15H12I3NO4 (650.7901)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1553 - Thyroid Agent