Chemical Formula: C27H46N7O17P3S

Hexanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

Hexanoyl-CoA, also known as hexanoyl-coenzyme A or caproyl-CoA, is a medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA having hexanoyl as the acyl group. Hexanoyl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, hexanoyl-CoA is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. Hexanoyl-CoA exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hexanoyl-CoA is involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation. Hexanoyl-CoA is also involved in few metabolic disorders, such as fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, mitochondrial beta-oxidation of medium chain saturated fatty acids, and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short chain saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivative that can be involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation. [HMDB]

isocaproyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

A methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-methylpentanoic acid.

R-hexanoyl CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

R-hexanoyl CoA is classified as a member of the 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoAs. 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoAs are acyl-CoAs carrying a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl chain. R-hexanoyl CoA is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. R-hexanoyl CoA is a fatty ester lipid molecule

4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

4-methylpentanoyl-coa, also known as 4-methyl valerate-coa; (acyl-CoA); [m+h]+; is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-methylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-methylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-methylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-methylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA into 4-Methylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-Methylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-Methylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hy...

3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

3-methylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-methylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-methylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-methylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-methylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA into 3-Methylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Methylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Methylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...

R-hexanoyl CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

CoA 6:0

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 2-methylpentanethioate

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 3-methylpentanethioate

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

S-[2-[3-[[4-[[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 3-methylpentanethioate

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (2R)-2-methylpentanethioate

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

PubChem CID: 25245510; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

Hexanoyl-CoA

C27H46N7O17P3S (865.1883656000001)

A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA having hexanoyl as the S-acyl group.