Subcellular Location: basolateral plasma membrane

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). Isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Agnuside is found in fruits. Agnuside is isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

Dihydromethysticin

C15H16O5 (276.0998)

Dihydromethysticin is found in beverages. Dihydromethysticin is isolated from Piper methysticum (kava). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002) Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant Dihydromethysticin is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Dihydromethysticin is a natural product found in Piper methysticum, Piper majusculum, and Aniba hostmanniana with data available. Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23. Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23.

Sudan_I

C16H12N2O (248.095)

C.i. solvent yellow 14 appears as dark reddish-yellow leaflets or orange powder. Slight odor. (NTP, 1992) Sudan I is a monoazo compound. It has a role as a dye. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D004396 - Coloring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5651

Crotonosid

C10H13N5O5 (283.0917)

Crotonoside is a purine nucleoside. Crotonoside is a natural product found in Croton tiglium with data available. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 26 Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1]. Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1]. Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1].

Mukurozidiol

C17H18O7 (334.1052)

Constituent of Japanese drug byakusi obtained from Angelica subspecies Also from lemon oil and other Citrus subspecies [DFC]. (R)-Byakangelicin is found in lemon, citrus, and herbs and spices. Byakangelicin is a member of psoralens. Byakangelicin is a natural product found in Murraya koenigii, Triphasia trifolia, and other organisms with data available. (S)-Byakangelicin is found in herbs and spices. (S)-Byakangelicin is a constituent of common rue (Ruta graveolens). D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2].

Liquiritigenin

C15H12O4 (256.0736)

Liquiritigenin is a dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. It has a role as a hormone agonist and a plant metabolite. 5-deoxyflavanone is a solid. This compound belongs to the flavanones. These are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, whose structure is characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. MF101 is a novel estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) selective agonist and unlike currently available hormone therapies, does not activate the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), known to be implicated in tumor formation. MF101 is an oral drug designed for the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats in peri-menopausal and menopausal women. Liquiritigenin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Pterocarpus marsupium, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of); Pterocarpus marsupium wood (part of). Isolated from Glycyrrhiza, Medicago, Myroxylon, Cicer and all Leguminosae subspecies Several glycosides, particularly the rutinoside and neohesperidoside, are important in influencing citrus fruit flavour [DFC]. Liquiritigenin is found in many foods, some of which are sorrel, roselle, pepper (c. annuum), and black crowberry. Liquiritigenin is found in alfalfa. Liquiritigenin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza, Medicago, Myroxylon, Cicer, and all Leguminosae species. Several glycosides, particularly rutinoside and neohesperidoside, are important in influencing citrus fruit flavour. A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc.

Isosakuranetin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Isosakuranetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia.

Euscaphic acid

C30H48O5 (488.3502)

Euscaphic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a triol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Euscaphic acid is a natural product found in Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Rhaphiolepis deflexa, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. Euscaphic acid is found in herbs and spices. Euscaphic acid is a constituent of Coleus amboinicus (Cuban oregano). Constituent of Coleus amboinicus (Cuban oregano). Euscaphic acid is found in loquat and herbs and spices. Euscaphic acid, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, is a triterpene from the root of the R. alceaefolius Poir. Euscaphic inhibits calf DNA polymerase α (pol α) and rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) with IC50 values of 61 and 108 μM[1]. Euscaphic acid induces apoptosis[2]. Euscaphic acid, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, is a triterpene from the root of the R. alceaefolius Poir. Euscaphic inhibits calf DNA polymerase α (pol α) and rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) with IC50 values of 61 and 108 μM[1]. Euscaphic acid induces apoptosis[2].

Hernandezine

C39H44N2O7 (652.3148)

Hernandezine is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Hernandezine is a natural product found in Thalictrum delavayi, Thalictrum fendleri, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids

Jionoside B1

C37H50O20 (814.2895)

Jionoside B1 is an oligosaccharide. Jionoside B1 is a natural product found in Lamium purpureum and Rehmannia glutinosa with data available. Jionoside B1 is a phenylpropanoid isolated from herbs of Eriophyton wallichii. Jionoside B1 is a phenylpropanoid isolated from herbs of Eriophyton wallichii.

Deltonin

C45H72O17 (884.4769)

Deltonin is a triterpenoid. Deltonin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon planiscapus, Allium vineale, and other organisms with data available. Deltonin is found in onion-family vegetables. Deltonin is a constituent of Allium vineale (wild garlic) Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation.

Anabasine

C10H14N2 (162.1157)

Anabasine is a pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a teratogenic agent and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is a piperidine alkaloid and a pyridine alkaloid. Anabasine is a natural product found in Nicotiana, Nicotiana tabacum, and Anabasis aphylla with data available. Anabasine is a nicotine analog that is an alkaloid found in tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) and is comprised of a pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3. Anabasine has been used as an industrial insecticide and, since it is present in trace amounts in tobacco smoke, its detection in urine can be used as an indicator of exposure to tobacco smoke. Anabasine is a nicotinic receptor agonist toxin and Cholinesterase inhibitor which acts upon the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Anabasine is an unstable yellow liquid which is succeptable to light, heat and moisture. Its decomposition products include Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases and carbon dioxide. Anabasine is a pyridine alkaloid found in the stem of the (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of (Nicotiana tabacum) the common tobacco plant. Anabasine is a metabolite of nicotine which can be used as an indicator of a persons exposure to tobbacco smoke. A piperidine botanical insecticide. A piperidine botanical insecticide. Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of the common tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). It is a structural isomer of, and chemically similar to, nicotine. Its principal (historical) industrial use is as an insecticide. Anabasine is a nicotinic receptor agonist toxin and Cholinesterase inhibitor which acts upon the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Anabasine is an unstable yellow liquid which is succeptable to light, heat and moisture. Its decomposition products include Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases and carbon dioxide. Anabasine is a nicotinic receptor agonist toxin and Cholinesterase inhibitor which acts upon the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals (±) Anabasine is a biphasic muscle relaxant. (±) Anabasine is a biphasic muscle relaxant. Anabasine ((S)-Anabasine) is an alkaloid that found as a minor component in tobacco (Nicotiana). Anabasine is a botanical?pesticide?nicotine, acts as a full agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Anabasine induces depolarization of TE671 cells endogenously expressing human fetal muscle-type nAChRs (EC50=0.7 μM)[1][2]. Anabasine ((S)-Anabasine) is an alkaloid that found as a minor component in tobacco (Nicotiana). Anabasine is a botanical?pesticide?nicotine, acts as a full agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Anabasine induces depolarization of TE671 cells endogenously expressing human fetal muscle-type nAChRs (EC50=0.7 μM)[1][2].

cellohexose

C36H62O31 (990.3275)

Beta-D-cellohexaose is a D-cellohexaose in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.

Cedorol

C15H26O (222.1984)

Cedrol, also known as alpha-cedrol or (+)-cedrol, is a member of the class of compounds known as cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids. Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiternoids with a structure based on the cedrane or the isocedrane skeleton. Cedrane is a tricyclic molecules a 3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methano-azulene moiety. Isocedrane is a rearranged cedrane arising from the migration of methyl group moved from the 6-position to the 4-position. Thus, cedrol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Cedrol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cedrol can be found in ginger, which makes cedrol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Cedrol is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in the essential oil of conifers (cedar oil), especially in the genera Cupressus (cypress) and Juniperus (juniper). It has also been identified in Origanum onites, a plant related to oregano. Its main uses are in the chemistry of aroma compounds. It makes up about 19\\\\% of cedarwood oil Texas and 15.8\\\\% of cedarwood oil Virginia . Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes[1]. Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities[2]. Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes[1]. Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities[2].

Cuminyl alcohol

C10H14O (150.1045)

Cuminol or Cuminyl alcohol, also known as p-cumin-7-ol or 4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Cuminol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cuminol is an alcohol derivative of p-Cymene. It exists as a clear, colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water. Cuminol can be used as a food additive or as a cosmetic fragrance. It has a cumin, caraway or spicy, herbal aroma and a similar spicy, herbal or peppery taste. Cuminol is found naturally in a number of plants, spices and foods including cumin seed and cumin oils, caraway eucalyptus oils, thyme, sunflowers, tuermeric, guava fruit and other spices and essential oils. Cumin, a widely used spice, is known to have anti-diabetic properties and two of its phytochemicals: cuminol and cuminaldehyde appear to be among the most active components. Cuminol is a potent insulinotrophic molecule that can enhance insulin secretion by up to 4-fold (in rat islet cells) (PMID:23507295 ). It also exhibits strong beta-cell protective action (PMID:23507295 ). 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a member of the class of benzyl alcohols in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol has been replaced by an isopropyl group. It has a role as a fragrance, an insect repellent, a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a member of benzyl alcohols. It is functionally related to a p-cymene. 4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Curcuma amada, and other organisms with data available. Flavouring ingredient. Isolated from oils of Cuminum cyminum (cumin). Cuminyl alcohol is found in many foods, some of which are sweet bay, sunflower, cumin, and herbs and spices. A member of the class of benzyl alcohols in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol has been replaced by an isopropyl group. 4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Camellia nitidissima. C. nitidissima possess multiple biological activities including antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and cytotoxicity as well as inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end-products[1]. 4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Camellia nitidissima. C. nitidissima possess multiple biological activities including antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and cytotoxicity as well as inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end-products[1].

beta-Phellandrene

C10H16 (136.1252)

beta-Phellandrene is found in allspice. beta-Phellandrene is widely distributed in essential oils (Angelica, Eucalyptus, Lavandula, Mentha, Pinus species). beta-Phellandrene is a flavour ingredient.Phellandrene is the name for a pair of organic compounds that have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties. alpha-Phellandrene and beta-phellandrene are cyclic monoterpenes and are double-bond isomers. The phellandrenes are used in fragrances because of their pleasing aromas. (Wikipedia Beta-phellandrene is one of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which one double bond is exocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where both of them are endoocyclic). It has a role as a plant metabolite. beta-Phellandrene is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Dacrydium nausoriense, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which one double bond is exocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where both of them are endoocyclic). Widely distributed in essential oils (Angelica, Eucalyptus, Lavandula, Mentha, Pinus subspecies). Flavour ingredient β-Phellandrene is obtained from Carum petroselinum. β-Phellandrene can be used to essential oil additives[1]. β-Phellandrene is obtained from Carum petroselinum. β-Phellandrene can be used to essential oil additives[1].

Cinnamtannin A2

C60H50O24 (1154.2692)

Cinnamtannin A2 is a proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Cinnamtannin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon). Cinnamtannin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa bean, chinese cinnamon, chocolate, and herbs and spices. Cinnamtannin A2 is found in chinese cinnamon. Cinnamtannin A2 is isolated from Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon). A proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia.

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid

C9H8O3 (164.0473)

2-coumaric acid, also known as o-coumaric acid, is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acids: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been found in a few different foods, such as corns, hard wheats, and olives and in a lower concentration in pomegranates, american cranberries, and peanuts. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, soy beans, ryes, rye bread, and turmerics. Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. o-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, date, bilberry, and corn. 2-coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Mikania glomerata, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. o-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=583-17-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 583-17-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Di(n-octyl) phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or dehp, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Di(n-octyl) phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Di(n-octyl) phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 198 D010968 - Plasticizers DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite.

DIMETHACHLOR

C13H18ClNO2 (255.1026)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 707 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8395 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3390

Monuron

C9H11ClN2O (198.056)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7858; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7856 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7925 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3857; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3854 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7898 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3846; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3844 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7885; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3866 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7933; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7931 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3857 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3877; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3875 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3861

propachlor

C11H14ClNO (211.0764)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 708 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3622 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8397

2-Hydroxyphenethylamine

C8H11NO (137.0841)

2-Hydroxyphenethylamine, also known as beta-phenethanolamine or 2-amino-1-phenylethanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aralkylamines. These are alkylamines in which the alkyl group is substituted at one carbon atom by an aromatic hydrocarbyl group. It is the simplest member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-aminoethanol bearing a phenyl substituent at the 1-position. 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine ia an amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry. [HMDB] 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol is an analogue of noradrenaline.

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

2,3-Diaminopropionic acid, also known as L-2,3-diaminopropanoate or Dpr, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid (2,3-diaminopropionate) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain secondary metabolites, including zwittermicin A and tuberactinomycin.2,3-Diaminopropionate is formed by the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) mediated amination of serine. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP). (PMID 5774501) COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O3 (138.0317)

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as 3-hydroxybenzoate or 3-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in american cranberries and beers. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as bilberries, citrus, and corns. As well, 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid can be found in the pineapple fruit. It can also be formed by a Pseudomonas species from 3-Chlorobenzoic acid. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be obtained by the alkali fusion of 3-sulfobenzoic acid between 210-220 °C. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a component of castoreum, the exudate from the castor sacs of the mature North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the European beaver (Castor fiber), used in perfumery. Present in fruits. Isolated from Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 13 KEIO_ID H019 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

4-Hydroxyindole

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Bufotenin

C12H16N2O (204.1263)

A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic. Bufotenin (5-OH-DMT), is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in the skin of some species of toads; in mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals. Bufotenin is a chemical constituent in the venom and eggs of several species of toads belonging to the Bufo genus, but most notably in the Colorado River toad (Bufo alvarius) as it is the only toad species in which bufotenin is present in large enough quantities for a psychoactive effect. Extracts of toad venom, containing bufotenin and other bioactive compounds, have been used in some traditional medicines (probably derived from Bufo gargarizans), which has been used medicinally for centuries in China. Bufotenin is a constituent of the seeds of Anadenanthera colubrina and Anadenanthera peregrina trees. Anadenanthera seeds have been used as an ingredient in psychedelic snuff preparations by indigenous cultures of the Caribbean, Central and South America. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms

N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole

C12H13N3O4S (295.0627)

N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole is a metabolite of the sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Sulfamethoxazole is metabolized via acetylation catalyzed by liver extramitochondrial N-acetyl transferases. Acetylsulfamethoxazole is excreted in urine. Acetylsulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole can be used as a probe for the molecular percentage enrichment of liver extramitochondrial acetyl-CoA. N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole can be used as a reference for measuring sulfamethoxazole impurities and waste determination (PMID: 15307787). It is one of the critical aspects of urine and stone analysis (PMID: 3811034) and its quantitative determination in body fluids could be performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, a rapid, precise and simple procedure (PMID: 6668314). It is also reported the renal excretion rate of the metabolite N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole is not dependent on the urinary pH (PMID: 670346). N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole is only found in individuals who have consumed the drug sulfamethoxazole. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 299

2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), also known as deoxyuridylic acid or deoxyuridylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. dUMP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, dUMP participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, dUMP can be biosynthesized from dCMP through its interaction with the enzyme deoxycytidylate deaminase. In addition, dUMP can be biosynthesized from deoxyuridine; which is mediated by the enzyme thymidine kinase, cytosolic. In humans, dUMP is involved in pyrimidine metabolism. A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. Outside of the human body, dUMP has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as breadnut tree seeds, sea-buckthornberries, sour cherries, black walnuts, and common oregano. dUMP is formed by the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase [EC 1.17.4.1]. dUMP by the action of by thymidylate synthetase [EC 2.1.1.45] produces dTMP (5,10-Methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor for the reaction). The nuclear form of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG2), that its major role is to remove misincorporated dUMP residues (cells deficient in removal of misincorporated dUMP accumulate uracil residues). (PMID 11554311) [HMDB]. dUMP is found in many foods, some of which are ginger, evergreen huckleberry, vanilla, and common walnut. dUMP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=964-26-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 964-26-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

2-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid, with formula (CH3)C6H4(COOH). -- Wikipedia; It is an isomer of p-toluic acid and m-toluic acid. -- Wikipedia KEIO_ID T038 o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

Perillic acid

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Perillic acid, also known as perillate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Perillic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Perillic acid is an intermediate in the Limonene and pinene degradation pathway. (KEGG); Its measurement in urine is used to monitor cancer patients receiving oral Limonene (a farnesyl transferase inhibitor that has shown antitumor properties)(PubMed ID 8723738 ). Perillic acid is found in cardamom. C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor

4-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methylbenzoic acid is found in brassicas. 4-Methylbenzoic acid is isolated from horseradis KEIO_ID M017 p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

Ribose 1-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

Ribose 1-phosphate, also known as alpha-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate or 1-O-phosphono-A-D-ribofuranose, is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Ribose 1-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ribose 1-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as cassava, capers, pine nut, and wheat, which makes ribose 1-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ribose 1-phosphate can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. Ribose 1-phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ribose 1-phosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and azathioprine action pathway. Ribose 1-phosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, transaldolase deficiency, and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Ribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine and the metabolism of Nicotinate and nicotinamide. It is a substrate for Uridine phosphorylase 2, Phosphoglucomutase, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Uridine phosphorylase 1. Ribose 1-phosphate can be formed from guanosine through the action of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Ribose 1-phosphate can also act as a ribose donor in the synthesis of xanthosine as catalyzed by the same enzyme (purine nucleoside phosphorylase). The presence of guanase, which irreversibly converts guanine to xanthine, affects the overall process of guanosine transformation. As a result of this purine pathway, guanosine is converted into xanthosine, thus overcoming the lack of guanosine deaminase in mammals. The activated ribose moiety in Ribose 1-phosphate which stems from the catabolism of purine nucleosides can be transferred to uracil and, in the presence of ATP, used for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides; therefore, purine nucleosides can act as ribose donors for the salvage of pyrimidine bases. (PMID: 9133638). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus KEIO_ID R017 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

Dephospho-CoA, also known as 3-dephospho-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are purine ribonucleosides with a diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Thus, dephospho-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Dephospho-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, dephospho-CoA has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as wild leeks, summer savouries, arctic blackberries, biscuits, and persimmons. This could make dephospho-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Dephospho-CoA is an intermediate in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. It is a substrate for bifunctional coenzyme A synthase which contains the dephospho-CoA kinase (EC 2.7.1.24). This enzyme catalyzes the final step in CoA biosynthesis: the phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of ribose using ATP as a phosphate donor. The reaction is ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = ADP + CoA. Dephospho-CoA is a substrate for Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 and Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2. [HMDB]. Dephospho-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cardamom, epazote, lemon balm, and mammee apple. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Cycloate

C11H21NOS (215.1344)

alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate

C6H14O12P2 (339.9961)

Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G-1,6-P2) is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6-P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induces a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in the brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate has been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells, and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice, a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Chronic alcohol intake produces an increase in the concentration of G 1,6-P2 in human muscle before the first sign of myopathy appears. When myopathy is present the level decreases to be similar to healthy humans. These changes could contribute to the decline in skeletal muscle performance (PMID:1449560, 2018547, 2003594, 3407759). Glucose 1,6-diphosphate is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6 P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induce a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G 1,6-P2 )have been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~ 25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Fumonisin B2

C34H59NO14 (705.3935)

Fumonisin B2 is from Fusarium moniliforme Fumonisin B2 is a fumonisin mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium moniliforme. It is a structural analog of fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 is more cytotoxic than fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D037341 - Fumonisins D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens From Fusarium moniliforme

Biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. [PubChem] D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

Tylosin

C46H77NO17 (915.5191)

Tylosin is used in treatment of cattle, swine and mycoplasmas in poultry Tylosin is a macrolide-class antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram positive organisms and a limited range of gram negative organisms. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae It is used in treatment of cattle, swine and mycoplasmas in poultry D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C261 - Macrolide Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 187 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1057 Tylosin (Tylosin A) is a macrolide antibiotic found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. Tylosin exerts potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Tylosin is widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth. Tylosin is used for veterinary purposes against bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs and cattle[1][2][3].

Felbamate

C11H14N2O4 (238.0954)

Felbamate is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. It has a weak inhibitory effect on GABA receptor binding sites. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics Felbamate (W-554) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).

nalorphine

C19H21NO3 (311.1521)

V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists

Nirvanol

C11H12N2O2 (204.0899)

Nirvanol is a metabolite of Mephenytoin. Nirvanol, also known as ethylphenylhydantoin, is a derivative of hydantoin with anticonvulsant properties. Its 5-ethyl-5-phenyl substitution pattern is similar to that of phenobarbital. It is useful in the treatment of chorea. (Wikipedia) D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

Nordiazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

N-demethyldiazepam, also known as nordiazepam or calmday, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. 1,4-benzodiazepines are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine. N-demethyldiazepam is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-demethyldiazepam can be found in common wheat, corn, and potato, which makes N-demethyldiazepam a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-demethyldiazepam can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. N-demethyldiazepam is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended (T3DB). Nordiazepam is a metabolite of Diazepam. Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine drug. Nordazepam, also known as desoxydemoxepam, nordiazepam and desmethyldiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepine derivatives, it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. (Wikipedia) D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3608

Undecanoic acid

C11H22O2 (186.162)

Undecanoic acid, also known as N-undecylic acid or N-undecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Undecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Undecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Undecylic acid (systematically named undecanoic acid) is a flavouring ingredient. It is a naturally-occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3(CH2)9COOH (Wikipedia). Undecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are coconut, fruits, fats and oils, and rice. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

Difloxacin

C21H19F2N3O3 (399.1394)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3666 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1028

Methoxyfenozide

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9207; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9204 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4782; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4777 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4744; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4743 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9204; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9202 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9198; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4851; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4847 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4749; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4745 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4763; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4760 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9185; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9184 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4756; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4754 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9149; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9146 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 278; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9175; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9172 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

But-2-enoic acid

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

But-2-enoic acid, also known as (2E)-2-butenoate or alpha-crotonic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as straight chain organic acids. These are organic acids with a straight aliphatic chain. But-2-enoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Food flavour component KEIO_ID C093 NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite.

Cephapirin

C17H17N3O6S2 (423.0559)

Cephapirin is an injectable, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has a wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The bactericidal activity of cephapirin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cephapirin is more resistant to beta-lactamases than the penicillins, and therefore is effective against staphylococci, with the exception of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Cephapirin is FDA approved for use in food-producing animals, especially dairy cattle. Cephapirin is used for the treatment of mastitis in cows. Production for use in humans has been discontinued in the United States. It is marketed under the trade name Cefadyl. Active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (vet. use). FDA approved for use in food producing animals, especies dairy cattle. It is used for the treatment of mastitis in cows J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Arachidonic acid

C20H32O2 (304.2402)

Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid that has a 20-carbon chain as a backbone and four cis-double bonds at the C5, C8, C11, and C14 positions. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid mediates inflammation and the functioning of several organs and systems either directly or upon its conversion into eicosanoids. Arachidonic acid in cell membrane phospholipids is the substrate for the synthesis of a range of biologically active compounds (eicosanoids) including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds can act as mediators in their own right and can also act as regulators of other processes, such as platelet aggregation, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte chemotaxis, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune function. Arachidonic acid can be metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes into 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). The production of kidney CYP450 arachidonic acid metabolites is altered in diabetes, pregnancy, hepatorenal syndrome, and in various models of hypertension, and it is likely that changes in this system contribute to the abnormalities in renal function that are associated with many of these conditions. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (PMID: 12736897, 12736897, 12700820, 12570747, 12432908). The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (PMID: 23371504). 9-Oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate the arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production (PMID: 23704812). Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases (PMID: 23404351). Essential fatty acid. Constituent of many animal phospholipids Arachidonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=506-32-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 506-32-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.

(R)-Myclobutanil

C15H17ClN4 (288.1142)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9239; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9237 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9258; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9257 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9204; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9201 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9323; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9321 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9296; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9295 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 705; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9303; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9300 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8383 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2563 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

bendiocarb

C11H13NO4 (223.0845)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8476 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4024 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2606 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Picloram

C6H3Cl3N2O2 (239.926)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2946; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3021; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3019 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2942; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 227; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2945; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2941 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Malaoxon

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

Malaoxon is a metabolite of malathion. Malaoxon is a chemical compound with the formula C10H19O7PS. More specifically, it is a phosphorothioate. It is a breakdown product of, and more toxic than, malathion. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3713 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Tripelennamine

C16H21N3 (255.1735)

Tripelennamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat asthma; HAY fever; urticaria; and rhinitis; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. [PubChem]Tripelennamine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine. D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

Dihydromorphine

C17H21NO3 (287.1521)

Dihydromorphine is a metabolite of Hydromorphone. Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid structurally related to and derived from morphine. The 7,8-double bond in morphine is reduced to a single bond to get dihydromorphine. (Wikipedia) D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

1,3,7-trimethylurate

C8H10N4O3 (210.0753)

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a methyl derivative of uric acid, found occasionally in human urine. 1,3,7-Trimethyluracil is one of the purine components in urinary calculi. Methylated purines originate from the metabolism of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine). Methyluric acids are indistinguishable from uric acid by simple methods routinely used in clinical laboratories, requiring the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purine derivatives in urinary calculi could be considered markers of abnormal purine metabolism. The content of a purine derivative in stone depends on its average urinary excretion in the general population, similarity to the chemical structure of uric acid, and content of the latter in stone. This suggests that purines in stones represent a solid solution with uric acid as solvent. It is also plausible that methylxanthines, ubiquitous components of the diet and drugs, are involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Caffeine is metabolized via successive pathways mainly catalyzed by CYP1A2, xanthine oxidase or N-acetyltransferase-2 to give 14 different metabolites. CYP1A2 activity shows an inter-individual variability among the population. CYP1A2, an isoform of the CYP1A cytochrome P450 super-family, is involved in the metabolism of many drugs and plays a potentially important role in the induction of chemical carcinogenesis. (PMID:11712316, 15833286, 3506820, 15013152).

Osajin

C25H24O5 (404.1624)

Osajin is a member of isoflavanones. Osajin is a natural product found in Deguelia hatschbachii, Euchresta japonica, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant, Pyrans Osajin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=482-53-1 (retrieved 2024-08-14) (CAS RN: 482-53-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

N-Acetylanthranilate

C9H9NO3 (179.0582)

Zeranol

C18H26O5 (322.178)

Zeranol is isolated from Fusarium species. It is an anabolic agent and estrogenic agent (mainly veterinary use). Zeranol is used as a growth promoter for food animals. It was banned by the EU in 1989, but is still permitted in the USA and some other countries. It may also arise in livestock by ingestion of Fusarium contaminated pasture or feeds D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Same as: D06362

2-Hydroxymyristic acid

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677).

Bacitracin

C66H103N17O16S (1421.7489)

Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy. As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesnt work well orally. However, it is very effective topically. Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that ribosomes are not involved in its synthesis. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C295 - Bacitracin D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic against staphylococcal and pathogenic protozoa infections. Bacitracin inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and permeability through binding to the undecaprenyl pyrophosphate. Bacitracin inhibits macromolecular synthesis. Bacitracin is also a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor[1][2][3].

Flunisolide

C24H31FO6 (434.2105)

Flunisolide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis.Flunisolide is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Flunisolide binds to plasma transcortin, and it becomes active when it is not bound to transcortin. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2812 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

Confertin

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

A natural product found in Inula hupehensis. A pseudoguaianolide that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by an oxo group at position 5, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis.

Diguanosine tetraphosphate

C20H28N10O21P4 (868.0381)

P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate, also known as gp4g or gppppg, is a member of the class of compounds known as (5->5)-dinucleotides (5->5)-dinucleotides are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5->5)-phosphodiester linkage. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as allium (onion), pasta, rocket salad (sspecies), and vanilla, which makes p(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, p(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include azathioprine action pathway, mercaptopurine action pathway, purine metabolism, and thioguanine action pathway. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include lesch-nyhan syndrome (LNS), myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, and xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency (xanthinuria). Diguanosine tetraphosphate is a diguanosine polyphosphate. Diguanosine polyphosphates (GpnGs) are found in human platelets, among a number of dinucleoside polyphosphates, which vary with respect to the number of phosphate groups and the nucleoside moieties; not only diguanosine polyphosphates (GpnG) are found, but also mixed dinucleoside polyphosphates containing one adenosine and one guanosine moiety (ApnG). The vasoactive nucleotides that can be detected in human plasma contain shorter (n=2-3) and longer (n=4-6) polyphosphate chains. GpnGs have not yet been characterized so far with respect to their effects on kidney vasculature. (PMID: 11159696, 11682456, 11115507).

Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Dihomolinolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid or (11z,14z,17z)-eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, dihomolinolenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Dihomolinolenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihomolinolenic acid can be found in evening primrose, which makes dihomolinolenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Dihomolinolenic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 series. In normal humans, it represents less than 0.25\\% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. However, it is one of the most active essential fatty acids when assayed for the inhibition of fatty acid elongation/desaturation reactions which convert dietary C-18 fatty acids to C-20 eicosanoid precursors. (http://www.caymanchem.com)

Gluconolactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar. Food additive; uses include acidifier, pH control agent, sequestrant C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid or 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (the L-form) is a tyrosine metabolite. The level of L-hydroxyphenyllactic acid is elevated in patients with a deficiency of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (EC 1.14.2.2) (PMID: 4720815). L-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia (PMID: 3126358). However, the D-form of hydroxyphenyllactate is of bacterial origin and is also found in individuals with bacterial overgrowth or unusual gut microflora (PMID: 3126358). Microbial hydroxyphenyllactate is likely derived from phenolic or polyphenolic compounds in the diet. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli produce considerable amounts of phenyllactic and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acids (PMID: 23061754). It has also been shown that hydroxyphenyllactate decreases ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in both mitochondria and neutrophils and so hydroxyphenyllactate may function as a natural anti-oxidant (PMID: 23061754). Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus (PMID: 19961416). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

Mesylate

CH4SO3 (95.9881)

Mesylate, also known as methanesulfonate or mesylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom). Mesylate exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Mesylate is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methanesulfonates, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, and (Z)-11-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)dodec-2-enamide. KEIO_ID M135 KEIO_ID M021

1,6-di-O-Galloylglucose

C20H20O14 (484.0853)

1,6-di-o-galloylglucose, also known as 1-o,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose or dgg16 cpd, is a member of the class of compounds known as tannins. Tannins are naturally occurring polyphenols which be categorized into four main classes: hydrolyzable tannin (based on ellagic acid or gallic acid), condensed tannins (made of oligomeric or polymeric proanthocyanidins), complex tannins (made of a catechin bound to a gallotannin or elagitannin), and phlorotannins (oligomers of phloroglucinol). 1,6-di-o-galloylglucose is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,6-di-o-galloylglucose can be found in garden rhubarb, which makes 1,6-di-o-galloylglucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Penicillin V

C16H18N2O5S (350.0936)

Penicillin V is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered orally. Penicillin V may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CE - Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Propantheline

C23H30NO3+ (368.2226)

Propantheline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. [PubChem]The action of propantheline is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents

Tetraphenylarsonium

C24H20As+ (383.0781)

1-Naphthylamine

C10H9N (143.0735)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8002 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

benz(a)acridine

C17H11N (229.0891)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 10

2,8-Quinolinediol

C9H7NO2 (161.0477)

2,8-Quinolinediol, also known as quinoline-2,8-diol or 8-hydroxycarbostyril, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinolones and derivatives. Quinolones and derivatives are compounds containing a quinoline moiety that bears a ketone group. 2,8-Quinolinediol has been identified in urine (PMID: 30089834).

2-Phenylacetamide

C8H9NO (135.0684)

2-Phenylacetamide is an intermediate in phenylalanine metabolism and styrene degradation(KEGG ID C02505). It is the third to last step in the synthesis of phenylacetylglutamine and is converted from phenylalanine via the enzyme phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase [EC:1.13.12.9]. It is then converted to phenylacetate via the enzyme amidase [EC:3.5.1.4]. [HMDB] 2-Phenylacetamide is an intermediate in phenylalanine metabolism and styrene degradation(KEGG ID C02505). It is the third to last step in the synthesis of phenylacetylglutamine and is converted from phenylalanine via the enzyme phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase [EC:1.13.12.9]. It is then converted to phenylacetate via the enzyme amidase [EC:3.5.1.4]. 2-Phenylacetamide is an endogenous metabolite.

NA 28:8;O2

C28H41NO3 (439.3086)

2-Phenylethyl acetate

C10H12O2 (164.0837)

2-Phenylethyl acetate, also known as 2-phenethyl acetic acid or benzylcarbinyl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is a sweet, floral, and fruity tasting compound. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within ceylon cinnamons and cloves. 2-Phenylethyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as butternuts, eggplants, turmerics, radish (var.), and pili nuts. This could make 2-phenylethyl acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are acerola, prickly pear, summer grape, and sweet orange.

Hydroxypropionic acid

C3H6O3 (90.0317)

3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid. It is an intermediate in the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids and propionic acid from the gut. Typically it originates from propionyl-CoA and a defect in the enzyme propionyl carboxylase. This leads to a buildup in propionyl-CoA in the mitochondria.  Such a buildup can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these metabolic end products occurs via the transfer of the propionyl moiety to carnitine-forming propionyl-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is then released as the free acid. As an industrial chemical, it is used in the production of various chemicals such as acrylates in industry. When present in sufficiently high levels, 3-hydroxypropionic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with many inborn errors of metabolism including biotinidase deficiency, malonic aciduria, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Infants with acidosis have symptoms that include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is also a microbial metabolite found in Escherichia, Klebsiella and Saccharomyces (PMID: 26360870).

D-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine

C8H9NO3 (167.0582)

The D-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine. A non-proteinogenic amino acid found in Herpetosiphon aurantiacus. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

9-Fluorenone

C13H8O (180.0575)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 11

Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside

C7H14O6 (194.079)

Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is found in cereals and cereal products. Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is present in Medicago sativa (alfalfa Methyl β-D-Galactopyranoside is an endogenous metabolite.

Methyl acetate

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

Methyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Methyl acetate is present in apple, grape, banana and other fruits. Methyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient and it is an ester that, in the laboratory, is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature. Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants Methyl acetate is an ester that is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature.; Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. Methyl acetate is VOC exempt.; The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a flavouring agent and can be found in many foods, some of which are apple, grape, banana, orange mint, and ginger.

2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile

C7H3Cl2N (170.9643)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 84 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate

C8H16NO9P (301.0563)

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Aminosugars. It is a substrate for Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. [HMDB] N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Aminosugars. It is a substrate for Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. KEIO_ID A144

Boc-Asn

C9H16N2O5 (232.1059)

KEIO_ID B023

o-Fluorobenzoate

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

KEIO_ID F024

Methyl sulfate

CH4O4S (111.983)

KEIO_ID M062

2-Methylserine

C4H9NO3 (119.0582)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M025

Octylamine

C8H19N (129.1517)

KEIO_ID O007

Tioconazole

C16H13Cl3N2OS (385.9814)

Tioconazole is an antifungal medication of the Imidazole class used to treat infections caused by a fungus or yeast. Tioconazole topical (skin) preparations are also available for ringworm, jock itch, athletes foot, and tinea versicolor or sun fungus. Tioconazole interacts with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the yeast membrane. In this way, tioconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, resulting in increased cellular permeability. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AF - Imidazole derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058888 - 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent KEIO_ID T123; [MS2] KO009265 KEIO_ID T123

Malvin

[C29H35O17]+ (655.1874)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA99_Malvin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA99_Malvin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA99_Malvin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA99_Malvin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA99_Malvin_pos_50eV.txt

Glucotropaeolin

C14H19NO9S2 (409.0501)

Glucotropeolin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylglucosinolates. These are organic compounds containing a glucosinolate moiety that carries an alkyl chain. Outside of the human body, glucotropaeolin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as white mustards, garden cress, horseradish, cabbages, and Brassicas. This could make glucotropaeolin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Glucotropaeolin is isolated from seeds of Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium), Lepidium sativum (garden cress), and other crucifers. Isolated from seeds of Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium), Lepidium sativum (garden cress) and other crucifers. Glucotropaeolin is found in many foods, some of which are brassicas, horseradish, papaya, and white mustard. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine

C14H16N2O2 (244.1212)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4566; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4562 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4500; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4496 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4452; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4448 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4488 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4505; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4500 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 558; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4496; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4493 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4140 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2427

3-hydroxyflavone

C15H10O3 (238.063)

2-Hydroxychalcone

C15H12O2 (224.0837)

Ergokryptine

C32H41N5O5 (575.3108)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

This compound belongs to the family of Benzylisoquinolines. These are organic compounds containing an isoquinoline to which a benzyl group is attached.

7-ACA

C10H12N2O5S (272.0467)

7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid is the alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates. It is functionally related to a cephalosporanic acid. It is a tautomer of a 7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid zwitterion. 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid has been reported in Apis cerana D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

Epi-coprostanol

C27H48O (388.3705)

Epi-coprostanol, also known as epicholestanol or presteron, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, epi-coprostanol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Epi-coprostanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Epi-coprostanol is a 27 carbon stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. It is a breakdown product of 5b-coprastanol and can be found in treated sewage. It is considered to be an antioxidant and is a major constituent of ambergris. [HMDB] Same as: D01527

CERCOSPORIN

C29H26O10 (534.1526)

An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. CONFIDENCE isolated standard

Dihydrolipoate

C8H16O2S2 (208.0592)

Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups. It is optically active but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.( from Wiki). Inside the cell, alpha lipoic acid is readily reduced or broken down to dihydrolipoic acid. Dihydrolipoic acid is even more potent than alpha lipoic acid, neutralizing free radicals, preventing them from causing harm. It directly destroys damaging superoxide radicals, hydroperoxy radicals and hydroxyl radicals. It has been shown in vitro that dihydrolipoate (DL-6,8-dithioloctanoic acid) has antioxidant activity against microsomal lipid peroxidation.Dihydrolipoate is tested for its neuroprotective activity using models of hypoxic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in vitro and rodent models of cerebral ischemia in vivo. Dihydrolipoate, similarly to dimethylthiourea, is able to protect neurons against ischemic damage by diminishing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the cerebral tissue.(PMID: 1345759). Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups. It is optically active but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.( from Wiki) D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 162

Enterodiol

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

Enterodiol is one of the most important lignan-type phytoestrogens identified in serum, urine, bile and seminal fluids of humans and animals. Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of compounds found in many edible plants that have, as their common denominator, a phenolic group that they share with estrogenic steroids. This phenolic group appears to play an important role in determining the estrogenic agonist/antagonistic properties of these compounds. Phytoestrogens have been categorized according to their chemical structures as isoflavones, lignans and coumestans. Enterodiol is formed by bacteria in the intestinal tract from the plant lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, which exist in various whole-grain cereals (barley, rye and wheat), seeds, nuts, legumes and vegetables. (PMID: 12270221, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Sep 25;777(1-2):289-309.) [HMDB]. Enterodiol is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. Enterodiol is one of the most important lignan-type phytoestrogens identified in serum, urine, bile, and seminal fluids of humans and animals. Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of compounds found in many edible plants that have, as their common denominator, a phenolic group that they share with estrogenic steroids. This phenolic group appears to play an important role in determining the estrogenic agonist/antagonistic properties of these compounds. Phytoestrogens have been categorized according to their chemical structures as isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans. Enterodiol is formed by bacteria in the intestinal tract from the plant lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, which exist in various whole-grain cereals (barley, rye, and wheat), seeds, nuts, legumes, and vegetables (PMID: 12270221, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Sep 25;777(1-2):289-309.). Enterodiol is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

C20H32O4 (336.23)

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a lipid hydroperoxide precursor of leukotrienes. The first step of biosynthesis of leukotrienes is conversion of arachidonic acid into 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14-(E,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid [5(S)-HpETE] by 5- lipoxygenases (5-LOX). Lipid hydroperoxides undergo homolytic decomposition into bifunctional electrophiles, which react with DNA bases to form DNA adducts. These DNA modifications are proposed to be involved in the etiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. 5-LOX, the enzyme responsible for the formation of 5(S)-HpETE in vivo, is expressed primarily in leukocytes, including monocytes and macrophages. Studies have implicated the 5-LOX pathway as an important mediator in the pathology of atherosclerosis. (PMID: 15777099). Endogenously generated 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid is the preferred substrate for human leukocyte leukotriene A4 synthase activity. Thus, the arachidonic acid moiety is preferentially converted to LTA4 in a concerted reaction without dissociation of a 5-HPETE intermediate. (PMID: 3036580). 5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a lipid hydroperoxide precursor of leukotrienes. The first step of biosynthesis of leukotrienes is conversion of arachidonic acid into 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14-(E,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid [5(S)-HpETE] by 5- lipoxygenases (5-LOX). Lipid hydroperoxides undergo homolytic decomposition into bifunctional electrophiles, which react with DNA bases to form DNA adducts. These DNA modifications are proposed to be involved in the etiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration.

Allysine

C6H11NO3 (145.0739)

Allysine (CAS: 1962-83-0), also known as 2-amino-6-oxohexanoic acid or 6-oxonorleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Outside of the human body, allysine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as winged beans, wasabi, common verbena, arrowhead, and oats. This could make allysine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Allysine is a derivative of lysine used in the production of elastin and collagen. It is produced by the actions of the enzyme lysyl oxidase in the extracellular matrix and is essential in the crosslink formation that stabilizes collagen and elastin.

Camphene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Camphene is nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It exists as a flammable, white solid that has a minty, citrus, eucalyptus odor. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and in food additives for flavouring. In the mid-19th century it was used as a fuel for lamps, but this was limited by its explosiveness. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. Camphene can be found in a number of food items such as dill, carrots, caraway, hyssop, lemon, orange, nutmeg seed, parsley, sage, thyme, turmeric and fennel, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. Camphene is one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Camphene is a camphor, fir needle, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as cardamom, yellow bell pepper, common thyme, and coriander, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Camphene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Camphene is a bicyclic monoterpene. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. Its mid-19th century use as a fuel for lamps was limited by its explosiveness .

1-Pentanol

C5H12O (88.0888)

1-Pentanol, also known as butylcarbinol or 1-pentyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds comprising the primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl). Thus, 1-pentanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. 1-Pentanol is an organic compound with the formula C5H12O. 1-Pentanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. All eight isomers of 1-Pentanol are known:; It is a colourless liquid of density 0.8247 g/cm3 (0 oC), boiling at 131.6 oC, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents. 1-Pentanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 1-Pentanol is a sweet, balsamic, and fusel tasting compound. 1-Pentanol can be found in a few different foods, such as black walnuts, common thymes, and tea and in a lower concentration in safflowers, highbush blueberries, and kohlrabis. 1-Pentanol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as corns, garden tomato (var.), allspices, cherry tomato, and evergreen blackberries. It possesses a characteristic strong smell and a sharp burning taste. The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically. It is a solid that melts at 48 to 50 °C and boils at 112.3 °C. On passing its vapour through a red-hot tube, it decomposes with production of acetylene, ethylene, propylene, and other compounds. Of these, tertiary 1-Pentanol has been the most difficult to obtain, its synthesis having first been reported in 1891, by L. Tissier (Comptes Rendus, 1891, 112, p. 1065) by the reduction of a mixture of trimethyl acetic acid and trimethylacetyl chloride with sodium amalgam. It is oxidized by chromic acid to isovaleraldehyde, and it forms crystalline addition compounds with calcium chloride and tin(IV) chloride. When pure, it is nontoxic, while the impure product is toxic. Widely distributed in plant sources, e.g. peppermint oil, tomatoes, tea, potatoes. Flavouring ingredient

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate

C7H13O10P (288.0246)

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate 7-phosphate, also known as 2-dahp or 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulonic acid 7-phosphoric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. Monosaccharide phosphates are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate 7-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate 7-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as prairie turnip, horned melon, bilberry, and biscuit, which makes 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate 7-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate 7-phosphate exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).

m-Cresol

C7H8O (108.0575)

m-Cresol is an isomer of p-cresol and o-cresol. Cresols are organic compounds which are methylphenols. They are a widely occurring natural and manufactured group of aromatic organic compounds which are categorized as phenols (sometimes called phenolics). Depending on the temperature, cresols can be solid or liquid because they have melting points not far from room temperature. Like other types of phenols, they are slowly oxidized by long exposure to air and the impurities often give cresols a yellowish to brownish red tint. Cresols have an odor characteristic to that of other simple phenols, reminiscent to some of a "medicine" smell. Cresol solutions are used as household cleaners and disinfectants, perhaps most famously under the trade name Lysol. In the past, cresol solutions have been used as antiseptics in surgery, but they have been largely displaced in this role by less toxic compounds. Lysol was also advertised as a disinfecting vaginal douche in mid-twentieth century America. Cresols are found in many foods and in wood and tobacco smoke, crude oil, coal tar, and in brown mixtures such as creosote and cresylic acids, which are wood preservatives. Small organisms in soil and water produce cresols when they break down materials in the environment. Most exposures to cresols are at very low levels that are not harmful. When cresols are breathed, ingested, or applied to the skin at very high levels, they can be very harmful. Effects observed in people include irritation and burning of skin, eyes, mouth, and throat; abdominal pain and vomiting; heart damage; anemia; liver and kidney damage; facial paralysis; coma; and death. Breathing high levels of cresols for a short time results in irritation of the nose and throat. Aside from these effects, very little is known about the effects of breathing cresols, for example, at lower levels over longer times. Ingesting high levels results in kidney problems, mouth and throat burns, abdominal pain, vomiting, and effects on the blood and nervous system. Skin contact with high levels of cresols can burn the skin and damage the kidneys, liver, blood, brain, and lungs. m-Cresol is a microbial metabolite that can be found in Lysinibacillus. Flavouring ingredient. 3-Methylphenol is found in asparagus, tea, and arabica coffee.

n-Butyl acetate

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

n-Butyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient used in apple flavours. n-Butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is an organic compound commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers and other products. It is also used as a synthetic fruit flavoring in foods such as candy, ice cream, cheeses, and baked goods. Butyl acetate is found in many types of fruit, where along with other chemicals it imparts characteristic flavors. Apples, especially of the Red Delicious variety, are flavored in part by this chemical. It is a colourless flammable liquid with a sweet smell of banana. Flavouring ingredient used in apple flavours

3'-Hydroxygenistein

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Orobol is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a radical scavenger, a plant metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Orobol is a natural product found in Tritirachium, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. 3-Hydroxygenistein is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer]

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is present in coffee aroma. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is a flavouring ingredient. Present in coffee aroma. Flavouring ingredient. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

5,10-Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate

C20H22N7O6+ (456.1631)

Oleoyl-CoA

C39H68N7O17P3S (1031.3605)

Oleoyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA desaturase and Protein FAM34A. [HMDB]. Oleoyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, fruits, hyssop, and rice. Oleoyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA desaturase and Protein FAM34A.

Triphosphate

H5O10P3 (257.9096)

Triphosphate is a salt or ester containing three phosphate groups. It is the ionic form of triphosphoric acid, a condensed form of phosphoric acid. Triphosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of folate, the metabolism of purine, the metabolism of porphyrin and chlorophyll, the metabolism of pyrimidine, and the metabolism of thiamine. It is a substrate for transforming protein p21/H-Ras-1, bis(5-adenosyl)-triphosphatase, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1, DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase (mitochondrial), thiamine-triphosphatase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III 32 kDa polypeptide, and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase. Compounds such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are esters of triphosphoric acid. Polyphosphates are hydrolyzed into smaller units (orthophosphates) in the gut before absorption, which may induce metabolic acidosis. The acute toxicity of polyphosphonates is low as the lowest LD50 after oral administration is > 1,000 mg/kg body weight. Polyphosphates are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membrane because of their alkalinity. No mutagenic potential was observed when TTP was tested in a Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) and in a chromosomal aberration assay in vitro using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line (Ishidate et al. 1984). Tetrasodium pyrophosphate was not mutagenic in an in vitro assay using S. cerevisiae strains and S. typhimurium strains with and without the addition of mammalian metabolic activation preparations (IPCS 1982). Reproduction studies in three generations of rats on diets with 0.5\\% TTP were performed. TTP had no effects on fertility or litter size, or on growth or survival on offspring (Hodge 1964). Triphosphoric acid, also tripolyphosphoric acid, with formula H5P3O10, is a condensed form of phosphoric acid. In polyphosphoric acids, it is the next after pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7, also called diphosphoric acid. Compounds such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are esters of triphosphoric acid. [Wikipedia]

Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

C8H12NO6P (249.0402)

Pyridoxine phosphate, also known as pyridoxine 5-phosphoric acid or pyridoxine 5-(dihydrogen phosphate), is a member of the class of compounds known as pyridoxine-5-phosphates. Pyridoxine-5-phosphates are pyridoxines that carry a phosphate group at the 5-position. Pyridoxine phosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pyridoxine phosphate can be found primarily in blood. Within the cell, pyridoxine phosphate is primarily located in the cytoplasm (predicted from logP). Pyridoxine phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, pyridoxine phosphate is involved in the vitamin B6 metabolism. Pyridoxine phosphate is also involved in hypophosphatasia, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, pyridoxine phosphate is found to be associated with obesity. Pyridoxine 5-phosphate is a substrate for Pyridoxine-5-phosphate oxidase and Pyridoxal kinase.

hydroxymuconic semialdehyde

C6H6O4 (142.0266)

Dopaquinone

C9H9NO4 (195.0532)

Dopaquinone, also known as o-dopaquinone or L-dopaquinone, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Dopaquinone is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-Dopaquinone is a metabolite of L-DOPA and a precursor of melanin. Melanin is synthesized from tyrosine by hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and subsequent oxidation to dopaquinone. Both reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase, which is the rate-limiting step. Dopaquinone has an ortho-quinone ring, which is known to be neurotoxic and highly reactive with many other compounds (PMID: 413870). Dopaquinone typically combines with cysteine to form pheomelanin (a pigment-polymer). Alternatively, dopaquinone can be converted to leucodopachrome and eventually to eumelanin (also a pigment-polymer). Dopaquinone can be found in skin and feces. Within the cell, dopaquinone is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Dopaquinone is involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include transient tyrosinemia, hawkinsinuria, tyrosinemia type I, and alkaptonuria. Chronically high levels of dopaquinone are associated with Parkinsons disease (PD). Many Parkinsons patients are treated with L-DOPA. However, long-term treatment with L-DOPA may actually worsen symptoms or result in neurotic and psychotic symptoms. These may be due to dopachrome and dopaquinone accumulating in the brain of L-DOPA treated patients (PMID: 19131041, PMID: 12373519). Dopaquinone is a substrate of enzyme monophenol monooxygenase [EC 1.14.18.1] in tyrosine metabolism pathway (KEGG). [HMDB]

3-Dehydroquinic acid

C7H10O6 (190.0477)

3-Dehydroquinic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. 3-Dehydroquinic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In most organisms, 3-dehydroquinic acid is synthesized from D-erythrose-4-phosphate in two steps. However, archaea genomes contain no orthologs for the genes that encode these first two steps. Instead, archaeabacteria appear to utilize an alternative pathway in which 3-dehydroquinic acid is synthesized from 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose-1-phosphate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde. These two compounds are first condensed to form 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate, which cyclizes to 3-dehydroquinic acid. From 3-dehydroquinic acid and on to chorismate, the archaeal pathway appears to be identical to the bacterial pathway. In most organisms, 3-dehydroquinate is synthesized from D-erythrose-4-phosphate in two steps . However, the genomes of the archaea contain no orthologs for the genes that encode these first two steps. Instead, archaeabacteria appear to utilize an alternative pathway in which 3-dehydroquinate is synthesized from 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose-1-phosphate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde . These two compounds are first condensed to form 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate , which cyclizes to 3-dehydroquinate . From 3-dehydroquinate and on to chorismate , the archaeal pathway appears to be identical to the bacterial pathway [HMDB]. 3-Dehydroquinate is found in many foods, some of which are allium (onion), cashew nut, american cranberry, and common wheat.

Formylmethanofuran

C35H44N4O16 (776.2752)

Isopropyl catechol

C9H12O2 (152.0837)

Uroporphyrinogen III

C40H44N4O16 (836.2752)

Uroporphyrinogens are porphyrinogen variants in which each pyrrole ring has one acetate side chain and one propionate side chain; it is formed by condensation 4 four molecules of porphobilinogen. 4 isomers are possible but only 2 commoly are found, types I and III. Uroporphyrinogen III is a functional intermediate in heme biosynthesis while Uroporphyrinogen I is produced in an abortive side reaction. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate

C8H14O8 (238.0689)

3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate, also known as kdo or 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-octonate, belongs to sugar acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, okra, horseradish tree, and hazelnut, which makes 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate may be a unique E.coli metabolite.

6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone

C6H11O9P (258.0141)

6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone, also known as D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate or 6-pgdl, is a member of the class of compounds known as hexose phosphates. Hexose phosphates are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found in a number of food items such as chicory leaves, pepper (c. chinense), opium poppy, and green bell pepper, which makes 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is involved in warburg effect, which is a metabolic disorder. 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (d-6PGL) is the immediate product of the Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), the first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate pathway. (PMID 3711719). The pentose-phosphate pathway provides reductive power and nucleotide precursors to the cell through oxidative and nonoxidative branches. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is the second enzyme of the oxidative branch and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactones, the products of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. By efficiently catalyzing the hydrolysis of d-6PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase prevents the reaction between d-6PGL and intracellular nucleophiles; such a reaction would interrupt the functioning of the pentose-phosphate pathway. (PMID 11457850).

Sakebiose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

3-O-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-D-galactose is found in fruits. 3-O-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-D-galactose is isolated from enzymic hydrolysate of peach gum. Isolated from enzymic hydrolysate of peach gum. 3-O-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-D-galactose is found in fruits.

Hydrogen selenide

H2Se (81.9322)

Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926) [HMDB] Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926).

Aristolochene

C15H24 (204.1878)

L-Erythrulose

C4H8O4 (120.0423)

L-Erythrulose is an extremely reactive ketose, which rapidly glycates and crosslinks proteins, and therefore may mediate the(L-ascorbate) AsA-dependent modification of protein (ascorbylation) seen in vitro, and also proposed to occur in vivo in human lens during diabetic and age-onset cataract formation.(PMID: 10727845) [HMDB] L-Erythrulose is an extremely reactive ketose, which rapidly glycates and crosslinks proteins, and therefore may mediate the(L-ascorbate) AsA-dependent modification of protein (ascorbylation) seen in vitro, and also proposed to occur in vivo in human lens during diabetic and age-onset cataract formation.(PMID: 10727845).

Uroporphyrin III

C40H38N4O16 (830.2283)

Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. Uroporphyrins have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to their pyrrole rings. The enzyme uroporphyrinogen I synthase catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from four molecules of porphobilinogen. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase then catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane into uroporphyrinogen III. Otherwise, hydroxymethylbilane cyclizes nonenzymatically to form uroporphyrinogen I. Uroporphyrinogen I and III yield their respective uroporphyrins via autooxidation or their respective coproporphyrinogens via decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both uroporphyrin I and uroporphyrin III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. Under certain conditions, uroporphyrin III can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503). Occurs in urine in small amounts as by-product of haem biosynthesis, also in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (CCD). Uroporphyrin III is found in soy bean.

Dimethyl selenide

C2H6Se (109.9635)

Constituent of Allium subspecies Dimethyl selenide is found in many foods, some of which are breadnut tree seed, buffalo currant, guava, and muskmelon. Dimethyl selenide is found in onion-family vegetables. Dimethyl selenide is a constituent of Allium species.

3,4-Pyridinediol

C5H5NO2 (111.032)

Phorbol 13-butanoate

C24H34O7 (434.2304)

CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID

C20H20N2O3 (336.1474)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a neurotoxic secondary metabolite (SM) made by Aspergillus flavus, is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (Ca2+ATPase; SERCA) and a potent inducer of cell death in plants[1].

Guanidinoglutaric acid

C6H11N3O4 (189.075)

L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate

C5H10NO7P (227.0195)

L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino groups. It is a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)In citrulline biosynthesis, it is a substrate of the enzyme glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.41] and in proline synthesis it is a substrate of the enzyme Glutamate 5-kinase [EC 2.7.2.11] (BioCyc). L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

C11H14NO6P (287.0559)

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate, also known as c1-(3-indolyl)-glycerol 3-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. Indole-3-glycerol phosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Indole-3-glycerol phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as german camomile, lambsquarters, other soy product, and hazelnut, which makes indole-3-glycerol phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Indole-3-glycerol phosphate may be a unique E.coli metabolite. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA

C25H42N7O18P3S (853.152)

5-Carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate

C8H8O7 (216.027)

Ac-Phe-3,5-diiodo-Tyr-OH

C20H20I2N2O5 (621.9462)

D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

C6H11N2O6P (238.0355)

D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkyl phosphates. These are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly one alkyl chain. D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as mammee apples, scarlet beans, grass pea, olives, and bog bilberries. This could make D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate is an intermediate in histidine metabolism. It is a substrate for imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (hisB) and can be generated from phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P. D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate is an intermediate in Histidine metabolism. It is a substrate for imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (hisB) and can be generated from Phosphoribulosyl-formimino-AICAR-phosphate then it is converted to Imidazole-acetol phosphate. [HMDB]. D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate is found in many foods, some of which are buffalo currant, fruits, hyacinth bean, and small-leaf linden.

9S-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

9S-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid is also known as 15-Deoxy-15-oxo-prostaglandin D2. 9S-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 9S-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid is an eicosanoid lipid molecule

lipid IVA

C68H130N2O23P2 (1404.8539)

H-Glu-Ome

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

Debromoaplysiatoxin

C32H48O10 (592.3247)

A member of the class of aplysiatoxins that has the structure of the parent aplysiatoxin, but is lacking the bromo substituent on the benzene ring at the position para to the phenolic hydroxy group. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008235 - Lyngbya Toxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

(S)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO4 (315.1471)

(S)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of alkaloids (KEGG ID C05202). It is the 10th to last step in the synthesis of morphine and is converted from (s)-N-methylcoclaurine via the enzyme tyrosinase [EC:1.14.18.1]. It is then converted to (S)-reticuline. [HMDB] (S)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of alkaloids (KEGG ID C05202). It is the 10th to last step in the synthesis of morphine and is converted from (s)-N-methylcoclaurine via the enzyme tyrosinase [EC:1.14.18.1]. It is then converted to (S)-reticuline.

dihydrocorticosterone

C21H32O4 (348.23)

AC1NOTCJ

C6H6N2O2S (170.015)

Isoglutamate

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)

Indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Indoxyl, also known as 1H-indol-3-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyindoles. These are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. Indoxyl is isomeric with oxindol and is obtained as an oily liquid. Indoxyl exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Indoxyl is obtained from indican, which is a glycoside. Obermayers reagent is a dilute solution FeCl3 in hydrochloric acid. The hydrolysis of indican yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent such as atmospheric oxygen. In chemistry, indoxyl is a nitrogenous substance with the chemical formula: C8H7NO. Indoxyl can be found in urine and is titrated with Obermayers reagent. Indigo dye is a product of the reaction of indoxyl by a mild oxidizing agent, eg. atmospheric oxygen.

Uroporphyrin I

C40H38N4O16 (830.2283)

Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. Uroporphyrins have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to their pyrrole rings. The enzyme uroporphyrinogen I synthase catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from four molecules of porphobilinogen. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase then catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane into uroporphyrinogen III. Otherwise, hydroxymethylbilane cyclizes nonenzymatically to form uroporphyrinogen I. Uroporphyrinogen I and III yield their respective uroporphyrins via autooxidation or their respective coproporphyrinogens via decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both uroporphyrin I and uroporphyrin III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. Under certain conditions, uroporphyrin I can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503). Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both types I and III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda.Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. [HMDB]

Bilirubin diglucuronide

C45H52N4O18 (936.3276)

Bilirubin diglucuronide is a glucuronidated version of bilirubin, a tetrapyrrole compound produced via heme degradation. Heme is the red pigment in haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs have a life span of about 120 days. When the RBCs have reached the end of their useful lifespan, the cells are engulfed by macrophages and their constituents recycled or disposed of. Heme is broken down when the heme ring is opened by the enzyme known as heme oxygenase, which is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of the macrophages. The oxidation process produces the linear tetrapyrrole known as biliverdin along with ferric iron (Fe3+), and carbon monoxide (CO). In the next reaction, a second methylene group (located between rings III and IV of the porphyrin ring) is reduced by the enzyme known as biliverdin reductase, producing bilirubin. Bilirubin is significantly less extensively conjugated than biliverdin. This reduction causes a change in the color of the biliverdin molecule from blue-green (vert or verd for green) to yellow-red, which is the color of bilirubin (ruby or rubi for red). In plasma virtually all the bilirubin is tightly bound to plasma proteins, largely albumin, because it is only sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions at physiological pH. In the sinusoids unconjugated bilirubin dissociates from albumin, enters the liver cells across the cell membrane through non-ionic diffusion to the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum. In hepatocytes, bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyltransferase (bilirubin-UGT) adds 2 additional glucuronic acid molecules to bilirubin to produce the more water-soluble version of the molecule known as bilirubin diglucuronide. The bilirubin diglucuronide is transferred rapidly across the canalicular membrane into the bile canaliculi where it is then excreted as bile into the large intestine.

Tetrahymanol

C30H52O (428.4018)

Tetrahymanol is involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahymanol is produced from squalene. [HMDB] Tetrahymanol is involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahymanol is produced from squalene.

Algestone

C21H30O4 (346.2144)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents

DA-43124

C20H22N2O8 (418.1376)

cephamycin C

C16H22N4O9S (446.1107)

One of three naturally occurring cephamycin antibiotics, differing from the A and B forms in its carbamoyloxymethyl substituent at C-3. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

2-Aminoacetaldehyde

C2H5NO (59.0371)

P-Dichlorobenzene

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB, para-dichlorobenzene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two chlorine atoms substituted for hydrogen at opposing sites on a benzene ring. p-DCB is used a pesticide and a deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene. p-DCB is also used as a precursor in the production of the polymer poly(p-phenylene sulfide). D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

Menadiol

C11H10O2 (174.0681)

Prothrombogenic vitamin Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles[1].

Trimethaphan

C22H25N2OS+ (365.1688)

Trimethaphan is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery. [PubChem]Trimethaphan is a ganglionic blocking agent prevents stimulation of postsynaptic receptors by competing with acetylcholine for these receptor sites. Additional effects may include direct peripheral vasodilation and release of histamine. Trimethaphans hypotensive effect is due to reduction in sympathetic tone and vasodilation, and is primarily postural. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02B - Antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking > C02BA - Sulfonium derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C66886 - Nicotinic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D005730 - Ganglionic Blockers D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Latamoxef

C20H20N6O9S (520.1012)

Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the cephalosporins except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain cephalosporins. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Prenalterol

C12H19NO3 (225.1365)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents Prenalterol is a selective β1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Prenalterol has no effect on gut smooth muscle contractile activity. Prenalterol can be used for researching cardiovascular disease[1].

4-Nitroanisole

C7H7NO3 (153.0426)

Magnesium dichloride

Cl2Mg (93.9228)

C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C29730 - Electrolyte Replacement Agent Flavouring agent and nutrient supplement

Mometasone

C22H28Cl2O4 (426.1365)

Mometasone is a medium-potency synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Studies in asthmatic patients have demonstrated that mometasone provides a favorable ratio of topical to systemic activity due to its primary local effect along with the extensive hepatic metabolism and the lack of active metabolites. Though effective for the treatment of asthma, glucocorticoids do not affect asthma symptoms immediately. Maximum improvement in symptoms following inhaled administration of mometasone furoate may not be achieved for 1 to 2 weeks or longer after starting treatment. he antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

tetrahydrozoline

C13H16N2 (200.1313)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AB - Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics > S01GA - Sympathomimetics used as decongestants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D019999 - Pharmaceutical Solutions > D009883 - Ophthalmic Solutions D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D014663 - Nasal Decongestants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline), a derivative of imidazoline, is an α-adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction. Tetrahydrozoline is widely used for the research of nasal congestion and conjunctival congestion[1][2].

Chlorphenesin

C9H11ClO3 (202.0397)

Chlorphenesin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)The mechanism of action of chlorphenesin is not well defined, and its effects are measured mainly by subjective responses. It is known that chlorphenesin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than directly on skeletal muscle. D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

Nandrolone phenpropionate

C27H34O3 (406.2508)

Nandrolone phenpropionate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of estradiol to resemble testosterone but less one carbon at the 19 position. It is a schedule III drug in the U.S. Nandrolone is an androgen receptor agonist. The drug bound to the receptor complexes which allows it to enter the nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Kenacourt

C25H31FO8 (478.2003)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Pentadecane

C15H32 (212.2504)

Pentadecane, also known as ch3-[ch2]13-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, pentadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Pentadecane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as dill, papaya, yellow bell pepper, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes pentadecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pentadecane can be found primarily in saliva. Pentadecane is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Pentadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C15H32 . Pentadecane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2

Eutypine

C12H10O2 (186.0681)

Eutypine is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. Hydroxybenzaldehydes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. Eutypine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Eutypine can be found in common grape, which makes eutypine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Atisine

C22H33NO2 (343.2511)

A organic heterohexacyclic compound and diterpene alkaloid isolated from Aconitum anthora. In solution, it is a 2:1 mixture of readily interconvertible epimers at position 20 (the carbon attached to both the nitrogen and an oxygen atom).

Daphnetoxin

C27H30O8 (482.1941)

A daphnane-type orthoester diterpene with potential cholesterol-lowering activity, found exclusively in plants of the family Thymelaeaceae.

Gniditrin

C37H42O10 (646.2778)

Marckine

C29H37N3O3 (475.2835)

Hernandulcin

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

Hernandulcin is a constituent of Lippia dulcis leaves and flowers. Natural sweetener more than 1000 times sweeter than sucrose Hernandulcin is a sesquiterpene with the molecular formula C15H24O2. By slightly modifying the compound, researchers have identified the two chemical groups which caused the sweet taste - the carbonyl group, and the hydroxyl group. The structure of hernandulcin is very simple, and after a panel of volunteers tasted hernandulcin, it was determined that it was 1,000 times sweeter than sugar. Hernandulcin also has a bitter aftertaste, and does not cause tooth decay, which would make it a good candidate for a mouthwash. Hernandulcin is an intensely sweet chemical compound gained from the chiefly Mexican and South American plant Lippia dulcis. Constituent of Lippia dulcis leaves and flowers. Natural sweetener more than 1000 times sweeter than sucrose

Thujopsene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A thujopsene that has (S,S,S)-configuration.

Gamma-glutamylglutamate

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)

gammaGlutamylglutamic acid is made of two glutamic acid molecules. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid) [HMDB] gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel and other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: (1) damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+ (2) Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produce spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (Wikipedia).

Belladine

C19H25NO3 (315.1834)

A phenethylamine alkaloid that is N-methyl-4-methoxyphenylethylamine carrying an additional N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) substituent.

Isoscutellarein

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Chrysophanol-9-anthrone

C15H12O3 (240.0786)

Chrysophanol-9-anthrone, also known as chrysarobin or chrysothrone, is a member of the class of compounds known as anthracenes. Anthracenes are organic compounds containing a system of three linearly fused benzene rings. Thus, chrysophanol-9-anthrone is considered to be an aromatic polyketide lipid molecule. Chrysophanol-9-anthrone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Chrysophanol-9-anthrone can be found in sorrel, which makes chrysophanol-9-anthrone a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent

Ramentaceone

C11H8O3 (188.0473)

5-Demethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin

C21H20O6 (368.126)

D009676 - Noxae > D003603 - Cytotoxins D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Butyl acrylate

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

Chlorimuron ethyl

C15H15ClN4O6S (414.0401)

Sulfometuron-methyl

C15H16N4O5S (364.0841)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

m-Fluoroaniline

C6H6FN (111.0484)

Preforan

C13H7F3N2O5 (328.0307)

Cefoselis

C19H22N8O6S2 (522.1104)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Thiocarbohydrazide

CH6N4S (106.0313)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

S-(PGA1)-glutathione

C30H49N3O10S (643.3138)

S-(PGA1)-glutathione is the gluthathione conjugate of prostaglanding A1. This conjugate is a substrate for MRP2 (31). PGA1 was observed to be able to inhibit. MRP2-mediated transport of DNP-SG quite well. S-(PGA1)-glutathione is the gluthathione conjugate of prostaglanding A1. This conjugate is a substrate for MRP2 (31). PGA1 was observed to be able to inhibit

Oligomycin C

C45H74O10 (774.5282)

An oligomycin with formula C45H74O10 that is oligomycin A in which the hydroxy group that is alpha- to a macrolide keto group has been replaced by a hydrogen. It is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D009840 - Oligomycins

N-Acetyl-DL-phenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester

C21H19NO3 (333.1365)

N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4

C25H39NO6S (481.2498)

N acetyl LTE4 is a minor metabolite of Leukotriene E4 in normal human subjects. (PMID: 2174886) [HMDB] N acetyl LTE4 is a minor metabolite of Leukotriene E4 in normal human subjects. (PMID: 2174886).

BQ 485

C35H44N6O5 (628.3373)

1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxybenzene

C7H5Cl3O (209.9406)

1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxybenzene is found in alcoholic beverages. Off-odour component found in foods etc. Responsible for cork taint in wine

E3040 glucuronide

C22H25N3O7S (475.1413)

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is E3040 in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid group. It is a metabolite of the anti-inflammatory drug, E3040.

BPP 9a

C53H76N14O12 (1100.5767)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D000806 - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor > C247 - ACE Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Same as: D06076 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

candoxatrilat

C20H33NO7 (399.2257)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor

Tifluadom

C22H20FN3OS (393.1311)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics Same as: D02694

Cyclohexyl acetate

C8H14O2 (142.0994)

Cyclohexyl acetate, also known as adronal acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Cyclohexyl acetate is a sweet, ethereal, and fruity tasting compound. Cyclohexyl acetate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as brassicas, onion-family vegetables, pulses, and soy beans. Cyclohexyl acetate is a flavouring agent. It is found in many foods, some of which are pulses, soy bean, brassicas, and onion-family vegetables.

Bromisoval

C6H11BrN2O2 (222.0004)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic Same as: D01391

TG(8:0/8:0/8:0)

C27H50O6 (470.3607)

TG(8:0/8:0/8:0) belongs to the family of triradyglycerols, which are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. Their general formula is [R1]OCC(CO[R2])O[R3]. TG(8:0/8:0/8:0) is made up of one octanoyl(R1), one octanoyl(R2), and one octanoyl(R3). It is used in bakery products. Carrier for essential oils and flavours. Glycerol trioctanoate is found in cereals and cereal products. D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D014677 - Pharmaceutical Vehicles > D005079 - Excipients Same as: D01587 Tricaprilin (Trioctanoin) is used in study for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite[1][2].

Luliconazole

C14H9Cl2N3S2 (352.9615)

D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Same as: D01980

m-Chlorophenylbiguanide

C8H10ClN5 (211.0625)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides

5-Fluorowillardiine

C7H8FN3O4 (217.0499)

An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).

LY382884

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Tet-glycine

C3H5N5O2 (143.0443)

TRAM-3

C19H15ClO (294.0811)

Correolide

C40H52O16 (788.3255)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

JSTX-3

C27H47N7O6 (565.3588)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms

5-Hydroxynorvaline-betaxanthin

C14H8Cl4 (315.938)

m-Benzenedisulfonamide

C6H8N2O4S2 (235.9925)

Dimethylstilbestrol

C16H16O2 (240.115)

Metribolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

4-Propylphenol

C9H12O (136.0888)

4-Propylphenol is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient

1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene

C6H4ClNO2 (156.9931)

3,4-Dichlorophenol

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

4-Butylphenol

C10H14O (150.1045)

1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene

C10H14 (134.1095)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

9-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene

C20H12O (268.0888)

9-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, also known as benzo[Def]chrysen-9-ol or 9-hydroxybenzo(a)Pyrene, 3H-labeled, is classified as a member of the Benzopyrenes. Benzopyrenes are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a pyrene(benzo[def]phenanthrene) ring system. 9-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic

2,4-Diphenyl-1-butene

C16H16 (208.1252)

2,4-Diphenyl-1-butene is a styrene dimer. Present as an impurity in polystyrene food containers and other products - liberated on heatin

Ethyl-4,4-dichlorobenzilate

C16H14Cl2O3 (324.032)

Diisodecyl phthalate

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

Melengestrol acetate

C25H32O4 (396.23)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone Same as: D04900 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9713; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9708 DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9713; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9708 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9743; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9739 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9761; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9757 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9788; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9784 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9754; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9750 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 343; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9789; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9786

2,4-DINITROANILINE

C6H5N3O4 (183.028)

Stilben-4-ol

C14H12O (196.0888)

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162) [HMDB] 5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162).

1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene

C10H8O2 (160.0524)

4-Nitroestradiol

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

2-Nitroestradiol

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

4-(8-Methyl-9H-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-h)(2,3)benzodiazepin-5-yl)benzenamine

C17H15N3O2 (293.1164)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D020011 - Protective Agents

Thallium

ClTl (239.9433)

A mercury-thallium alloy, which forms a eutectic at 8.5\\% thallium, is reported to freeze at -60 C, some 20 °C below the freezing point of mercury. This alloy is used in thermometers and low-temperature switches. In organic synthesis thallium(III) salts, as thallium trinitrate or triacetate, are useful reagents performing different transformations in aromatics, ketones, olefins, among others. Thallium is a constituent of the alloy in the anode plates in magnesium seawater batteries. Soluble thallium salts are added to gold plating baths to increase the speed of plating and to reduce grain size within the gold layer. A thallium stress test is a form of scintigraphy, where the amount of thallium in tissues correlates with tissue blood supply. Viable cardiac cells have normal Na+/K+ ion exchange pumps. The Tl+ cation binds the K+ pumps and is transported into the cells. Exercise or dipyridamole induces widening (vasodilation) of normal coronary arteries. This produces coronary steal from areas where arteries are maximally dilated. Areas of infarct or ischemic tissue will remain "cold". Pre- and post-stress thallium may indicate areas which will benefit from myocardial revascularization. Redistribution indicates the existence of coronary steal and the presence of ischemic coronary artery disease. Although thallium is a modestly abundant element in the Earths crust, with a concentration estimated to be about 0.7 mg/kg, mostly in association with potassium-based minerals in clays, soils, and granites, thallium is not generally economically recoverable from these sources. The major source of thallium for practical purposes is the trace amount that is found in copper, lead, zinc, and other heavy-metal-sulfide ores. One of the main methods of removing thallium (both radioactive and normal) from humans is to use Prussian blue, which is a material which absorbs thallium. Up to 20 g per day of Prussian blue is fed by mouth to the person, and it passes through their digestive system and comes out in the stool. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are also used to remove thallium from the blood serum. At later stage of the treatment additional potassium is used to mobilize thallium from the tissue. Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy. Each discovered the new element in residues of sulfuric acid production. Thallium and its compounds are extremely toxic, and should be handled with great care. There are numerous recorded cases of fatal thallium poisoning. Contact with skin is dangerous, and adequate ventilation should be provided when melting this metal. Thallium(I) compounds have a high aqueous solubility and are readily absorbed through the skin. Exposure to them should not exceed 0.1 mg per m2 of skin in an 8-hour time-weighted average (40-hour work week). Thallium is a suspected human carcinogen. For a long time thallium compounds were easily available as rat poison. This fact and that it is water soluble and nearly tasteless led to frequent intoxications caused by accident or criminal intent. Thallium can also be obtained from the smelting of lead and zinc ores. Manganese nodules found on the ocean floor also contain some thallium, but the collection of these nodules has been and continues to be prohibitively expensive. There is also the potential for damaging the environment of the oceans. In addition, several other thallium minerals, containing 16\\% to 60\\% thallium, occur in nature as complexes of sulfides or selenides that primarily contain antimony, arsenic, copper, lead, and/or silver. However, these minerals are rare, and they have had no commercial importance as sources of thallium. The Allchar deposit in southern Macedonia was the only area where thallium was ever actively mined. This dep...

Decylubiquinol

C19H32O4 (324.23)

Pyoverdine I

C55H83N17O22 (1333.5898)

DHA ethyl ester

C24H36O2 (356.2715)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

5-(3-Methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide

C5H8N6O (168.076)

D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents

Thiobenzamide S-oxide

C7H7NOS (153.0248)

Dimethylurea

C3H8N2O (88.0637)

Dimethylurea (DMU) (IUPAC systematic name: 1,3-Dimethylurea ) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.

ST 27:2;O3

C27H44O3 (416.329)

Lignocericyl coenzyme A

C45H82N7O17P3S (1117.4701)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

alpha-Hydroxytamoxifen

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

alpha-Hydroxytamoxifen is a metabolite of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist, and thus may be characterized as a mixed agonist/antagonist. Tamoxifen is the usual endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, and is also a standard in post-menopausal women although aromatase inhibitors are also frequently used in that setting. (Wikipedia)

Tamoxifen N-oxide

C26H29NO2 (387.2198)

Tamoxifen N-oxide is a metabolite of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist, and thus may be characterized as a mixed agonist/antagonist. Tamoxifen is the usual endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, and is also a standard in post-menopausal women although aromatase inhibitors are also frequently used in that setting. (Wikipedia)

DG(14:0/14:0/0:0)

C31H60O5 (512.4441)

DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is a diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol (DAG). It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0), in particular, consists of two chains of myristic acid at the C-1 and C-2 positions. The myristic acid moieties are derived from nutmeg and butter. Mono- and diacylglycerols are common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water, which would not otherwise blend well. Dacylglycerols are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections. Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.

Mannopine

C11H22N2O8 (310.1376)

A hexitol derivative that is D-mannitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by the alpha-amino group of L-glutamine. It is produced in crown gall tumours induced in a wide range of dicotyledenous plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Plastoquinol A

C53H82O2 (750.6314)

5alpha-Cyprinol

C27H48O5 (452.3502)

Antibiotic PS 5

C13H18N2O4S (298.0987)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

alpha-Cyperene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Isolated from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and other plants. alpha-Cyperene is found in burdock and root vegetables. alpha-Cyperene is found in burdock. alpha-Cyperene is isolated from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and other plant

2-Methylhistamine

C6H11N3 (125.0953)

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA

C25H42N7O18P3S (853.152)

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA is s metabolite of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4 ) during beta-alanine metabolism (KEGG 00410), propanoate metabolism (KEGG 00640), and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG 00280). Deficiencies of this enzyme in valine degradation can result in hypotonia, poor feeding, motor delay, and subsequent neurological regression in infancy, episodes of ketoacidosis and Leigh-like changes in the basal ganglia on a magnetic resonance imaging scan (PMID 17160907). [HMDB] (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA is s metabolite of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4 ) during beta-alanine metabolism (KEGG 00410), propanoate metabolism (KEGG 00640), and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG 00280). Deficiencies of this enzyme in valine degradation can result in hypotonia, poor feeding, motor delay, and subsequent neurological regression in infancy, episodes of ketoacidosis and Leigh-like changes in the basal ganglia on a magnetic resonance imaging scan (PMID 17160907).

3-aminoalanine

C3H8N2O2 (104.0586)

A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. KEIO_ID D037

CoA 4:1;O2

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.1312)

The (R)-enantiomer of methylmalonyl-CoA.

D-Carnitine

C7H15NO3 (161.1052)

The (S)-enantiomer of carnitine. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Liquiritigenin

C15H12O4 (256.0736)

4,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4 and 7. It has a role as a Brassica napus metabolite and a fungal xenobiotic metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a polyphenol and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a flavanone. 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- is a natural product found in Pterocarpus marsupium, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4 and 7. (±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is isolated from Angelica keiskei, a hardy perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family. (±)-Liquiritigenin promotes cell proliferation, has cytoprotective activity and reduces cytotoxicity, and also has antioxidant stress effects[1]. (±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is isolated from Angelica keiskei, a hardy perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family. (±)-Liquiritigenin promotes cell proliferation, has cytoprotective activity and reduces cytotoxicity, and also has antioxidant stress effects[1].

Cedrol

C15H26O (222.1984)

Cedrol is a cedrane sesquiterpenoid and a tertiary alcohol. Cedrol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Widdringtonia whytei, and other organisms with data available. Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes[1]. Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities[2]. Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes[1]. Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities[2].

1,6-Digalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose

C20H20O14 (484.0853)

1,6-Digalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in green vegetables. 1,6-Digalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is present in commercial rhubarb. Present in commercial rhubarb. 1,6-Digalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in green vegetables.

5beta-Coprostanol

C27H48O (388.3705)

Coprosterol or coprostanol is a cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter. Coprosterol is the odorous principle of feces. It is formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment. American physician Austin Flint named it stercorin (Wikipedia). The transformation of cholesterol into coprosterol in its passage through the body involves a reduction of the C5:C6 double bond, and a transition from the allocholanic- to the cholanic-ring system. Although it is established that the bacterial flora of the intestine is concerned in the reduction process, the mechanism by which the stereochemical change is brought about is unknown. Current data suggests that cholestenone and coprostanone, and not cholesterol itself, are the immediate precursors of coprosterol which is formed from them in the intestine by bacterial reduction. Coprosterol is also a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Lactobacillus (PMID: 20338415). Coprosterol or coprostanol is a cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter. Coprosterol is the odorous principle of feces. It is formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment. American physician Austin Flint named it stercorin . The transformation of cholesterol into coprosterol in its passage through the body involves a reduction of the C5:C6 double bond, and a transition from the allocholanic- to the cholanic-ring system. Although it is established that the bacterial flora of the intestine is concerned in the reduction process, the mechanism by which the stereochemical change is brought about is unknown. Current data suggests that cholestenone and coprostanone, and not cholesterol itself, are the immediate precursors of coprosterol which is formed from them in the intestine by bacterial reduction. [HMDB] Same as: D01527

Tauro-β-muricholic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)

Tauro-b-muricholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Tauro-b-muricholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

(-)-Deoxypodophyllotoxin

C22H22O7 (398.1365)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D018796 - Immunoconjugates D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007136 - Immunoglobulins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D000906 - Antibodies D009676 - Noxae > D000922 - Immunotoxins

(-)-Sparteine

C15H26N2 (234.2096)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics (-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans. (-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans.

Keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid

C8H14O8 (238.0689)

Eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

N-(N-(N-((Hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)carbonyl)-L-leucyl)-D-tryptophyl)-D-tryptophan

C35H44N6O5 (628.3373)

2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetyl-neuraminic acid

C11H17NO8 (291.0954)

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

5,8,11,14-Icosatetraenoic Acid

C20H32O2 (304.2402)

(R)-5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chroman-4-one

C21H22O10 (434.1213)

Prunin, also known as pru du 6.01 protein, prunus, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Prunin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Prunin is a bitter tasting compound found in almond, garden tomato (variety), peach, and pine nut, which makes prunin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Prunin is a flavanone glycoside found in immature citrus fruits and in tomatoes. Its aglycone form is called naringenin . Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2]. Prunin is a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71). Prunin shows strong inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with an IC50 of 5.5 μM[1][2].

Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid ethyl ester

C24H36O2 (356.2715)

Baciguent

C66H103N17O16S (1421.7489)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents

cephamycin C

C16H22N4O9S (446.1107)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

DL-Ethionine

C6H13NO2S (163.0667)

DL-Methamphetamine

C10H15N (149.1204)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Epi-Lipoxin A4

C20H32O5 (352.225)

Fipexide

C20H21ClN2O4 (388.119)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent

Hexoprenaline

C22H32N2O6 (420.226)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents

Lipid IVA

C68H130N2O23P2 (1404.8539)

N-acetyl Leukotriene E4

C25H39NO6S (481.2498)

Oleoyl coenzyme A

C39H68N7O17P3S (1031.3605)

pyridine-3,4-diol

C5H5NO2 (111.032)

Rifamycins

C37H45NO12 (695.2942)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

C11:0

C11H22O2 (186.162)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

3-Hydroxybenzoicacid

C7H6O3 (138.0317)

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

N-ACETYLANTHRANILIC ACID

C9H9NO3 (179.0582)

Isosakuranetin

C16H14O5 (286.0841)

4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Isosakuranetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4 (the 2S stereoisomer). Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia. Isosakuranetin is a flavanone flavonoid which can be found in the fruit of Citrus bergamia.

(S)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO4 (315.1471)

An isoquinoline alkaloid having a tetrahydroisoquinoline core with 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl, methoxy and hydroxy groups at the 1-, 6- and 7-positions respectively; major species at pH 7.3.

Isoscutellarein

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

A tetrahydroxyflavone that is apigenin with an extra hydroxy group at position 8.

Orobol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

.alpha.-Cyclopiazonic acid

C20H20N2O3 (336.1474)

11b,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,20-dione

C21H32O4 (348.23)

11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). [HMDB] 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50).

Tetracosanoyl-CoA

C45H82N7O17P3S (1117.4701)

Tetracosanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Tetracosanoyl-CoA is converted from Palmitoyl-CoA in multiple steps. It is then converted to lignoceric acid via a thiol-ester hydrolase (E 3.1.2.-). [HMDB] Tetracosanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Tetracosanoyl-CoA is converted from Palmitoyl-CoA in multiple steps. It is then converted to lignoceric acid via a thiol-ester hydrolase (E 3.1.2.-).

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

fipexide

C20H21ClN2O4 (388.119)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7254; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7252 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7270; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7268 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7288; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7286 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7280; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7278 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7292; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1324; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7301; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7299

Mukurozidiol

C17H18O7 (334.1052)

Constituent of Japanese drug byakusi obtained from Angelica subspecies Also from lemon oil and other Citrus subspecies [DFC]. (R)-Byakangelicin is found in lemon, citrus, and herbs and spices. Mukurozidiol is a member of psoralens. (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a natural product found in Ruta graveolens, Angelica, and other organisms with data available. (S)-Byakangelicin is found in herbs and spices. (S)-Byakangelicin is a constituent of common rue (Ruta graveolens). D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2].

Tylosin

C46H77NO17 (915.5191)

A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C261 - Macrolide Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2519 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1057 Tylosin (Tylosin A) is a macrolide antibiotic found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. Tylosin exerts potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Tylosin is widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth. Tylosin is used for veterinary purposes against bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs and cattle[1][2][3].

Nordazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1611

Acetylsulfamethoxazole

C12H13N3O4S (295.0627)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2672 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8589 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4117 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2014

MONURON

C9H11ClN2O (198.056)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 161

Methoxyfenozide

C22H28N2O3 (368.21)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2935 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2935; CONFIDENCE standard compound

Myclobutanil

C15H17ClN4 (288.1142)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2957

Epicholestanol

C27H48O (388.3705)

A 5alpha-chloestane compound having a 3alpha-hydroxy substituent. Same as: D01527 Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.

tripelennamine

C16H21N3 (255.1735)

D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

alpha-Ergocryptine

C32H41N5O5 (575.3108)

Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12, 2 and 5 positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3, 6, and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.085 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.083 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.081 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.080

felbamate

C11H14N2O4 (238.0954)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics Felbamate (W-554) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).

tioconazole

C16H13Cl3N2OS (385.9814)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AF - Imidazole derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058888 - 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent

D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

C6H14NO8P (259.0457)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is a tyrosine metabolite. It is carcinogenic. The level of hydroxyphenyllactic acid is elevated in patients with deficiency of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (EC 1.14.2.2). (PMID 4720815) [HMDB] Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

UNDECANOIC ACID

C11H22O2 (186.162)

A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

ergocryptine

C32H41N5O5 (575.3108)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists CONFIDENCE Claviceps purpurea sclerotia

Hydroxypropionic acid

C3H6O3 (90.0317)

A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. Hydroxypropionic acid, also known as 3-hydroxypropionate or hydracrylic acid, belongs to beta hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. Hydroxypropionic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hydroxypropionic acid can be synthesized from propionic acid. Hydroxypropionic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, beta-propiolactone, ascr#5, and 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA. Hydroxypropionic acid can be found in a number of food items such as apple, poppy, yam, and cupuaçu, which makes hydroxypropionic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydroxypropionic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and urine. Hydroxypropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydroxypropionic acid is involved in the propanoate metabolism. Hydroxypropionic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include malonic aciduria, malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency, and methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders. Moreover, hydroxypropionic acid is found to be associated with biotinidase deficiency and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Hydroxypropanoic acid, or alternately hydroxypropionic acid, may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (hydracrylic acid) Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) . Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with at least 5 inborn errors of metabolism including: Biotinidase deficiency, Malonic Aciduria, Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Methylmalonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic, Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders and Propionic acidemia (T3DB).

phenylethanolamine

C8H11NO (137.0841)

The simplest member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-aminoethanol bearing a phenyl substituent at the 1-position. The parent of the phenylethanolamine class. 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol is an analogue of noradrenaline.

m-cresol

C7H8O (108.0575)

A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid

C8H10N4O3 (210.0753)

An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8, and the nitrogens at positions 1, 3, and 7 are substituted by methyl groups. It is a metabolite of caffeine.

indoxyl

C8H7NO (133.0528)

Perillic acid

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor

2,8-Quinolinediol

C9H7NO2 (161.0477)

2-Hydroxychalcone

C15H12O2 (224.0837)

2-hydroxychalcone, a natural flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 2-Hydroxychalcone induces apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. 2-Hydroxychalcone inhibits the activation of NF-kB[1][2][3]. 2-hydroxychalcone, a natural flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 2-Hydroxychalcone induces apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. 2-Hydroxychalcone inhibits the activation of NF-kB[1][2][3].

2-PHENYLACETAMIDE

C8H9NO (135.0684)

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is acetamide substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. 2-Phenylacetamide is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Guanidinobutyric acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

Carbocysteine

C5H9NO4S (179.0252)

R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05C - Expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants > R05CB - Mucolytics C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C74536 - Mucolytic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D005100 - Expectorants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents

Dioctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

2-Deoxyuridine 5-monophosphate

C9H13N2O8P (308.041)

pemoline

C9H8N2O2 (176.0586)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant

Enterodiol

C18H22O4 (302.1518)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Annotation level-1

7-Aminocephalosporanic acid

C10H12N2O5S (272.0467)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

fumonisin B2

C34H59NO14 (705.3935)

A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case). D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D037341 - Fumonisins D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5969 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

3-Ketocholanic acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 76

biperiden

C21H29NO (311.2249)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents N - Nervous system > N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs > N04A - Anticholinergic agents > N04AA - Tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

5-HpETE

C20H32O4 (336.23)

A HPETE that consists of (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 5. An icosatetraenoic acid in which the double bonds are located at the 6-7, 8-9, 11-12, and 14-15 positions and have E, Z, Z, and Z geometry, respectively, and in which the pro-S hydrogen is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 40.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001297.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ]

Pachycarpine

C15H26N2 (234.2096)

C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 3 (-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans. (-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans. (+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons. (+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons. (+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons.

Crotonoside

C10H13N5O5 (283.0917)

Purines Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1]. Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1]. Crotonoside is isolated from Chinese medicinal herb, Croton. Crotonoside inhibits FLT3 and HDAC3/6, exhibits selective inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Crotonoside could be a promising new lead compound for the research of AML[1].

Sudan I

C16H12N2O (248.095)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10862; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10860 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D004396 - Coloring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10878; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10876 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10910; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10908 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10917; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10916 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10908; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 297; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10942

O-TOLUIC ACID

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

Chrysarobin

C15H12O3 (240.0786)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent

Diguanosine tetraphosphate

C20H28N10O21P4 (868.0381)

Cholestenoic acid

C27H44O3 (416.329)

allysine

C6H11NO3 (145.0739)

An alpha-amino acid consisting of lysine having an oxo group in place of the side-chain amino group.

2-Hydroxymyristic acid

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

A derivative of myristic acid having a hydroxy substituent at C-2.

FA 6:3;O2

C6H6O4 (142.0266)

cis,cis-Muconic acid, a metabolic intermediate of Klebsiella pneumonia, can be converted to adipic acid and terephthalic acid, which are important monomers of synthetic polymers. cis,cis-Muconic acid is also a biochemical material that can be used for the production of various plastics and polymers and is particularly gaining attention as an adipic acid precursor for the synthesis of nylon-6,6[1][2].

FA 14:0;O

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.

CoA 4:0;O

C25H42N7O18P3S (853.152)

CoA 5:1

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1571)

Dephospho-CoA

C21H35N7O13P2S (687.1489)

Pentadecane

C15H32 (212.2504)

A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.

Cyperene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Tetrahymanol

C30H52O (428.4018)

Plastoquinol-9

C53H82O2 (750.6314)

Liquorice

C42H62O16 (822.4038)

2-amino-6-oxohexanoic acid

C6H11NO3 (145.0739)

Found in collagen, elastin and heart muscle

(3S,4aR,6S,8aR)-6-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methyl]-decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

2-Nitroestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Hbdde

C16H18O8 (338.1002)

4-Nitroestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Methyltrienolone

C19H24O2 (284.1776)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

(S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine

C7H8FN3O4 (217.0499)

Tricaprilin

C27H50O6 (470.3607)

D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D014677 - Pharmaceutical Vehicles > D005079 - Excipients Same as: D01587 Tricaprilin (Trioctanoin) is used in study for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite[1][2].

2-Nitrochlorobenzene

C6H4ClNO2 (156.9931)

Difloxacin

C21H19F2N3O3 (399.1394)

A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic

Epidihydrocholesterin

C27H48O (388.3705)

Hexoprenaline

C22H32N2O6 (420.226)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents

AI3-02280

C11H22O2 (186.162)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

Pentadekan

C15H32 (212.2504)

LS-684

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

CPD-112

C7H8O (108.0575)

Devoton

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

Dinopol NOP

C24H38O4 (390.277)

D010968 - Plasticizers

Amylol

C5H12O (88.0888)

AI3-23868

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

cuminol

C10H14O (150.1045)

4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Camellia nitidissima. C. nitidissima possess multiple biological activities including antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and cytotoxicity as well as inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end-products[1]. 4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Camellia nitidissima. C. nitidissima possess multiple biological activities including antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and cytotoxicity as well as inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end-products[1].

Durol

C10H14 (134.1095)

Byakangelicin

C17H18O7 (334.1052)

Byakangelicin is a member of psoralens. Byakangelicin is a natural product found in Murraya koenigii, Triphasia trifolia, and other organisms with data available. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. (Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM[1]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2]. Byakangelicin, one of the active compounds found in the roots of Angelica gigas, can serve as a modulator to improve brain accumulation of diverse active compounds (Umb, Cur, and Dox) and enhance therapeutic effects[1]. Byakangelicin is likely to increase the expression of all PXR target genes (such as MDR1) and induce a wide range of agent-agent interactions. Byakangelicin can inhibit the effects of sex hormones, it may increase the catabolism of endogenous hormones[2].

AIDS-085621

C20H20O14 (484.0853)

99-94-5

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

Vestinol DZ

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

AI3-15739

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

AI3-03878

C10H12O2 (164.0837)

m-Hba

C7H6O3 (138.0317)

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

nigerose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Detected in saké. Can be obtained preparatively by hydrolysis of the D-glucan from fruiting bodies of the bracket fungus Laetiporus sulphureus (sulphur polypore) (Takeo et al). Sakebiose is found in mushrooms and alcoholic beverages.

Uroporphyrinogen III

C40H44N4O16 (836.2752)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Uroporphyrinogen iii, also known as urogen iii, is a member of the class of compounds known as porphyrins. Porphyrins are compounds containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. Uroporphyrinogen iii is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Uroporphyrinogen iii can be found in a number of food items such as pili nut, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), sunflower, and pecan nut, which makes uroporphyrinogen iii a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Uroporphyrinogen iii can be found primarily in blood. Uroporphyrinogen iii exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, uroporphyrinogen iii is involved in the porphyrin metabolism. Uroporphyrinogen iii is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include acute intermittent porphyria, congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) or gunther disease, hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and porphyria variegata (PV).

Joro spider toxin

C27H47N7O6 (565.3588)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms

Ethyl docosahexaenoate

C24H36O2 (356.2715)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

Dihydromethysticin

C15H16O5 (276.0998)

Dihydromethysticin is a member of 2-pyranones and an aromatic ether. Dihydromethysticin is a natural product found in Piper methysticum, Piper majusculum, and Aniba hostmanniana with data available. Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23. Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23.

1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE

C6H4Cl2 (145.969)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

METHYL ACETATE

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

(+)-Camphene

C10H16 (136.1252)

A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.

Cephapirin

C17H17N3O6S2 (423.0559)

A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

MALAOXON

C10H19O7PS (314.0589)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Penicillin V

C16H18N2O5S (350.0936)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CE - Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

tetrahydrozoline

C13H16N2 (200.1313)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AB - Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics > S01GA - Sympathomimetics used as decongestants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D019999 - Pharmaceutical Solutions > D009883 - Ophthalmic Solutions D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D014663 - Nasal Decongestants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline), a derivative of imidazoline, is an α-adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction. Tetrahydrozoline is widely used for the research of nasal congestion and conjunctival congestion[1][2].

levallorphan

C19H25NO (283.1936)

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C681 - Opiate Antagonist

CYCLOATE

C11H21NOS (215.1344)

4-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc. p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted?benzoic acid?and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), p-tolunitrile, etc.

FLUNISOLIDE

C24H31FO6 (434.2105)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

chlorphenesin

C9H11ClO3 (202.0397)

D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

propantheline

C23H30NO3+ (368.2226)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents

sulfometuron-methyl

C15H16N4O5S (364.0841)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

bufotenin

C12H16N2O (204.1263)

A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms

3,3-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE

C14H16N2O2 (244.1212)

Nandrolone phenpropionate

C27H34O3 (406.2508)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone

Octylamine

C8H19N (129.1517)

Latamoxef

C20H20N6O9S (520.1012)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Triamcinolone diacetate

C25H31FO8 (478.2003)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

TRIMETHAPHAN

C22H25N2OS+ (365.1688)

C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02B - Antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking > C02BA - Sulfonium derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C66886 - Nicotinic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D005730 - Ganglionic Blockers D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

4-Nitroanisole

C7H7NO3 (153.0426)

Mometasone

C22H28Cl2O4 (426.1365)

D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Triphosphoric acid

H5O10P3 (257.9096)

2-FLUOROBENZOIC ACID

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

Dimethylselenide

C2H6Se (109.9635)

An organoselenium compound of two methyl groups covalently bound to a selenium.

Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside

C7H14O6 (194.079)

Methyl β-D-Galactopyranoside is an endogenous metabolite.

Pyridoxine phosphate

C8H12NO6P (249.0402)

Ribose-1-phosphate

C5H11O8P (230.0192)

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L-Erythrulose

C4H8O4 (120.0423)

Methyl sulfate

CH4O4S (111.983)

An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.

Uroporphyrin I

C40H38N4O16 (830.2283)

3-Dehydroquinic acid

C7H10O6 (190.0477)

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from quinic acid by oxidation of the hydroxy group at position 3 to the corresponding keto group.

(+)-aristolochene

C15H24 (204.1878)

gamma-Glutamylglutamate

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1571)

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid.

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate

C8H16NO9P (301.0563)

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate that is the N-acetyl derivative of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is a component of the aminosugar metabolism.

3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA

C25H42N7O18P3S (853.152)

1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose

C20H20O14 (484.0853)

A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having two galloyl groups in the 1- and 6-positions.

Isoglutamic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)

A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata.

BOC-L-Asparagine

C9H16N2O5 (232.1059)

2-Aminoacetaldehyde

C2H5NO (59.0371)

An amino aldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.

uroporphyrin III

C40H38N4O16 (830.2283)

m-Chlorophenylbiguanide

C8H10ClN5 (211.0625)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides

(2S)-3-hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl didecanoate

C23H44O5 (400.3189)

gamma-Glutamyl phosphate

C5H10NO7P (227.0195)

15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2

C20H30O5 (350.2093)

The 15-dehydro derivative of prostaglandin D2.

D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate

C6H11O9P (258.0141)

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

The (S)-enantiomer of N-methylcoclaurine.

2-Methylhistamine

C6H11N3 (125.0953)

An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 2 position on the ring.

Hernandulcin

C15H24O2 (236.1776)

Dopaquinone

C9H9NO4 (195.0532)

An L-phenylalanine derivative in which the phenyl group of L-phenylalanine is replaced by a 3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl group.

Uralsaponin A

C42H62O16 (822.4038)

Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities. Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.

Galbeta1,3GlcNAc

C14H25NO11 (383.1428)

An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactose linked via a (1->3)-glycosidic bond to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate

C7H13O10P (288.0246)

A ketoaldonic acid phosphate consisting of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid having a phospho group at the 7-position.

Malvin

C29H35O17+ (655.1874)

An anthocyanin cation that is malvidin carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.

MDK-4025

C19H15ClO (294.0811)

Azotochelin

C20H22N2O8 (418.1376)

Tubulosine

C29H37N3O3 (475.2835)

A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is tubulosan bearing methoxy groups at positions 10 and 11 and a hydroxy group at the 8 position.

Thiourocanic acid

C6H6N2O2S (170.015)

PS-5

C13H18N2O4S (298.0987)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

CID 5281368

C37H42O10 (646.2778)

Anthorine

C22H33NO2 (343.2511)

S-(PGA1)-glutathione

C30H49N3O10S (643.3138)

Thallous chloride

ClTl (239.9433)

Dihydromorphine

C17H21NO3 (287.1521)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Bacitracin A

C66H103N17O16S (1421.7489)

A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C295 - Bacitracin

Butyl acetate

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

The acetate ester of butanol.

Dichlobenil

C7H3Cl2N (170.9643)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

pentanol

C5H12O (88.0888)

Methanesulfonate

CH4SO3 (95.9881)

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

Phenethyl acetate

C10H12O2 (164.0837)

The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol.

1,3-DIMETHYLUREA

C3H8N2O (88.0637)

DL-ETHIONINE

C6H13NO2S (163.0667)

2,4,6-TRICHLOROANISOLE

C7H5Cl3O (209.9406)

Icosatrienoic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

CoA 24:0

C45H82N7O17P3S (1117.4701)

A very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of tetracosanoic (lignoceric) acid. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

bendiocarb

C11H13NO4 (223.0845)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Reomol DiDP

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

PICLORAM

C6H3Cl3N2O2 (239.926)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

BUTYL ACRYLATE

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

Levomethorphan

C18H25NO (271.1936)

A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the stereocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have R-configuration. It is a prodrug of levorphanol and a strong narcotic analgesic, and listed as a schedule II controlled substance. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents

4-PROPYLPHENOL

C9H12O (136.0888)

BENZOHYDROQUINONE

C10H8O2 (160.0524)

CYCLOHEXYL ACETATE

C8H14O2 (142.0994)

3,4-DICHLOROPHENOL

C6H4Cl2O (161.9639)

Dihydrolipoic acid

C8H16O2S2 (208.0592)

A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants

2,4-DDE

C14H8Cl4 (315.938)

4-Butylphenol

C10H14O (150.1045)

Durene

C10H14 (134.1095)

Nirvanol

C11H12N2O2 (204.0899)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants

4-Hydroxystilbene

C14H12O (196.0888)

9-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene

C20H12O (268.0888)

MTIC