Gene Association: AQP3
UniProt Search:
AQP3 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group)
found 106 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Narirutin
Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Narirutin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). obtained from Camellia sinensis (tea). Narirutin is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, globe artichoke, grapefruit, and grapefruit/pummelo hybrid. Narirutin is found in globe artichoke. Narirutin is obtained from Camellia sinensis (tea Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2]. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2].
Ingenol
Ingenol is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-1H-2,8a-methanocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[e][10]annulen-11-one substituted at positions 5, 5a and 6 by hydroxy groups, positions 1, 1, 7 and 9 by methyl groups, position 4 by a hydroxymethyl group and position 1 by an oxo group (the 1aR,2S,5R,5aR,6S,8aS,9R,10aR diastereomer). It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Ingenol is a natural product found in Euphorbia villosa, Euphorbia illirica, and other organisms with data available. Ingenol is a PKC activator, with a Ki of 30 μM, with antitumor activity. Ingenol is a PKC activator, with a Ki of 30 μM, with antitumor activity.
Poncirin
(2S)-poncirin is a flavanone glycoside that is 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a disaccharide derivative, a neohesperidoside and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone. Poncirin is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Micromeria graeca, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Citrus subspecies Poncirin is found in many foods, some of which are citrus, grapefruit, lemon, and grapefruit/pummelo hybrid. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Poncirin is found in citrus. Poncirin is isolated from Citrus specie Poncirin is isolated from?Poncirus trifoliata with anti-inflammory activites. Poncirin significantly reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain models[1]. Poncirin is isolated from?Poncirus trifoliata with anti-inflammory activites. Poncirin significantly reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain models[1].
Phloretin
Phloretin is the aglucone of phlorizin, a plant-derived dihydrochalcone phytochemical reported to promote potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phloretin, which is present in apples, pears and tomatoes, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. Phloretin also inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways. Phloretin is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport (PMID:18158826, 11560962, 18063724, 15671209, 12083758). Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. Phloretin has been found to be a metabolite of Escherichia (PMID:23542617). Phloretin is a member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2, 4 and 6. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a dihydrochalcone. Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin is a natural product found in Malus doumeri, Populus candicans, and other organisms with data available. A natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It is the phloroglucin ester of paraoxyhydratropic acid. It can be found in apple tree leaves. Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2, 4 and 6. IPB_RECORD: 341; CONFIDENCE confident structure Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].
Atractyloside
Atractyloside A is a terpene glycoside. Atractyloside A is a natural product found in Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Atractylodes lancea with data available. Atractyloside A is a natural TCM reference compound. Atractyloside A is a natural TCM reference compound.
FT-0775798
Dehydroeburicoic acid is a bile acid. Dehydroeburicoic acid is a natural product found in Gloeophyllum odoratum, Taiwanofungus camphoratus, and other organisms with data available.
Sennidin C
Sennoside C is a member of sennosides. Sennoside C is a natural product found in Senna alexandrina with data available.
(-)-Guttiferone E
Garcinol is a monoterpenoid. CID 5281560 is a natural product found in Garcinia assugu, Garcinia pedunculata, and other organisms with data available. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. (-)-Guttiferone E is a constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. Constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].
(+)-Epicatechin
(+)-epicatechin is a catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-epicatechin. (+)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Gambeya perpulchra, Pavetta owariensis, and other organisms with data available. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. ent-Epicatechin is found in many foods, some of which are tea, apple, star fruit, and common buckwheat. A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). (+)-Epicatechin is found in apple. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Saponarin
7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an isovitexin. Saponarin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Moraea sisyrinchium, and other organisms with data available. Saponarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Saponarin activates AMPK in a calcium-dependent manner, thus regulating gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake[1][2][3]. Saponarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Saponarin activates AMPK in a calcium-dependent manner, thus regulating gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake[1][2][3].
Marrubiin
Marrubiin is a gamma-lactone. Marrubiin is a natural product found in Marrubium globosum, Marrubium anisodon, and other organisms with data available. Marrubiin, isolated from Marrubium vulgare, exhibits vasorelaxant and antioedematogenic activity. Marrubiin alleviates diabetic symptoms in animals[1][2][3].
7a-Hydroxytestosterone
4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430) [HMDB] 4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430).
Pipecolic acid
Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans. Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients. (PMID 12705501) [HMDB]. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID P048 L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2]. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2].
Prostaglandin B1
Prostaglandin B1 (PGB1) is a metabolite of PGE1. PGE1 is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). PGB1does not inhibit phospholipase activity, but oligomers of PGB1 (PGBx) extracted from human neutrophils inhibit human phospholipases A2 in vitro and in situ in a dose-dependent manner; these oligomers inhibit arachidonic acid mobilization in human neutrophils and endothelial cells. One mechanism for the pharmacological effects of PGBx may be inhibition of cell-associated and extracellular phospholipase A2. PGB1 has the ability to enhance peripheral vascular resistance and elevate blood pressure. The effect is not central in origin and apparently is not the result of changes in cholinergic or alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity or changes in vascular smooth muscle susceptibility per se. PGB1 blocks S-phase DNA synthesis; inhibition of DNA synthesis does not appear to require elevated levels of cAMP. (PMID: 7667505, 1477202, 2129000, 2597672, 6635328). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin B1 (PGB1) is a metabolite of PGE1. PGE1 is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2).
Loperamide
Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids; Loperamide usually as hydrochloride, is a drug effective against diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. In most countries it is available generically under brand names such as Lopex, Imodium, Dimor and Pepto Diarrhea Control; Treatment should be avoided in the presence of fever or if the stool is bloody. Treatment is not recommended for patients who could suffer detrimental effects from rebound constipation. If there is a suspicion of diarrhea associated with organisms that can penetrate the intestinal walls, such as E. coli O157:H7 or salmonella, loperamide is contraindicated; Loperamide, usually as hydrochloride, is a drug effective against diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. In most countries it is available generically under brand names such as Lopex, Imodium, Dimor and Pepto Diarrhea Control; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids; One of the long-acting synthetic antidiarrheals; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally; Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines [HMDB] Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids; Loperamide usually as hydrochloride, is a drug effective against diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. In most countries it is available generically under brand names such as Lopex, Imodium, Dimor and Pepto Diarrhea Control; Treatment should be avoided in the presence of fever or if the stool is bloody. Treatment is not recommended for patients who could suffer detrimental effects from rebound constipation. If there is a suspicion of diarrhea associated with organisms that can penetrate the intestinal walls, such as E. coli O157:H7 or salmonella, loperamide is contraindicated; Loperamide, usually as hydrochloride, is a drug effective against diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. In most countries it is available generically under brand names such as Lopex, Imodium, Dimor and Pepto Diarrhea Control; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids; One of the long-acting synthetic antidiarrheals; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally; Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07D - Antipropulsives > A07DA - Antipropulsives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C266 - Antidiarrheal Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000930 - Antidiarrheals KEIO_ID L047; [MS2] KO009036 KEIO_ID L047
Erythritol
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (or polyol), used as a food additive and sugar substitute. It is naturally occurring and is made from corn using enzymes and fermentation. Its formula is C4H10O4, or HO(CH2)(CHOH)2(CH2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that formula. Erythritol is 60–70\\\\\% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar), yet it is almost noncaloric and does not affect blood sugar or cause tooth decay. Erythritol occurs widely in nature and has been found to occur naturally in several foods including wine, sake, beer, watermelon, pear, grape, and soy sauce. Evidence indicates that erythritol also exists endogenously in the tissues and body fluids of humans and animals. Erythritol is absorbed from the proximal intestine by passive diffusion in a manner similar to that of many low molecular weight organic molecules which do not have associated active transport systems. The rate of absorption is related to their molecular size. It passes through the intestinal membranes at a faster rate than larger molecules such as mannitol or glucose. In diabetics, erythritol has also been shown to be rapidly absorbed and excreted unchanged in the urine. Following absorption, ingested erythritol is rapidly distributed throughout the body and has been reported to occur in hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Erythritol also has been reported to cross the human placenta and to pass slowly from the plasma into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (PMID:9862657). Erythritol is found to be associated with ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Bulk sweetener with good taste props. Not metabolised, excreted unchanged in urine. Less sweet than sucrose. Use not yet permitted in most countries (1997). GRAS status for use as a sweetener, thickener, stabiliser, humectant, etc. in food meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in a variety of foods (e.g., pear, watermelon), is 60-80\\% as sweet as sucrose, and is an approved low-calorie sweetener food additive[1]. meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in a variety of foods (e.g., pear, watermelon), is 60-80\% as sweet as sucrose, and is an approved low-calorie sweetener food additive[1].
Phenolphthalein
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins
Pentamidine
Pentamidine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. [PubChem]The mode of action of pentamidine is not fully understood. It is thought that the drug interferes with nuclear metabolism producing inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and proteins. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent
THIODICARB
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8160 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8215; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8210 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8251; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8248 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 457; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8269; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8264
Osajin
Osajin is a member of isoflavanones. Osajin is a natural product found in Deguelia hatschbachii, Euchresta japonica, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant, Pyrans Osajin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=482-53-1 (retrieved 2024-08-14) (CAS RN: 482-53-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Aloeemodin
Aloe emodin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyanthraquinone and an aromatic primary alcohol. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Aloe-emodin is a natural product found in Rhamnus davurica, Aloe succotrina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). Aloeemodin is found in green vegetables. Aloeemodin is found in aloes, also bark of cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana, Chinese rhubarb Rheum palmatum and Rheum undulatum (rhubarb).Aloe emodin is an anthraquinone present in aloe latex, an exudate from the aloe plant. It has a strong stimulant-laxative action. (Wikipedia A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8554 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8561; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8572; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5089 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5093 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8539 Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Urea
Urea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Urea is formed in a cyclic pathway known simply as the urea cycle. In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea. Urea is essentially a waste product; it has no physiological function. It is dissolved in blood (in humans in a concentration of 2.5 - 7.5 mmol/liter) and excreted by the kidney in the urine. In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in human sweat. Urea is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05B - I.v. solutions > B05BC - Solutions producing osmotic diuresis Formulation aid. Cattle feed supplement. Urea is found in many foods, some of which are globe artichoke, hickory nut, hard wheat, and cherry tomato. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02A - Emollients and protectives > D02AE - Carbamide products C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49187 - Osmotic Diuretic Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
Diphenoxylate
A meperidine congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with atropine. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. This medication is classified as a Schedule V under the Controlled Substances Act by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the DEA in the United States when used in preparations. When diphenoxylate is used alone, it is classified as a Schedule II. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07D - Antipropulsives > A07DA - Antipropulsives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C266 - Antidiarrheal Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000930 - Antidiarrheals
Glycerol
Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats. When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted into glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism. Normally, glycerol shows very little acute toxicity and very high oral doses or acute exposures can be tolerated. On the other hand, chronically high levels of glycerol in the blood are associated with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD). GKD causes the condition known as hyperglycerolemia, an accumulation of glycerol in the blood and urine. There are three clinically distinct forms of GKD: infantile, juvenile, and adult. The infantile form is the most severe and is associated with vomiting, lethargy, severe developmental delay, and adrenal insufficiency. The mechanisms of glycerol toxicity in infants are not known, but it appears to shift metabolism towards chronic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated GKD. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Patients with the adult form of GKD generally have no symptoms and are often detected fortuitously. Glycerol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-81-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-81-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Lactulose
Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). Moreover, lactulose is found to be associated with celiac disease, which is an inborn error of metabolism. A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887) [HMDB] A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AD - Osmotically acting laxatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29697 - Laxative D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents
Buformin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BA - Biguanides C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98234 - Biguanide Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides KEIO_ID B010
Sennoside A
Senna (powdered) is a yellow-brown powder with a slight odor and taste. (NTP, 1992) Sennoside A is a member of the class of sennosides that is rel-(9R,9R)-9,9,10,10-tetrahydro-9,9-bianthracene-2,2-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4, by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5, and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10. The exact stereochemisty at positions 9 and 9 is not known - it may be R,R (as shown) or S,S. It is a member of sennosides and an oxo dicarboxylic acid. Senna (Cassia species) is a popular herbal laxative that is available without prescription. Senna is generally safe and well tolerated, but can cause adverse events including clinically apparent liver injury when used in high doses for longer than recommended periods. Sennoside A is a natural product found in Rheum officinale, Rheum palmatum, and other organisms with data available. Preparations of SENNA PLANT. They contain sennosides, which are anthraquinone type CATHARTICS and are used in many different preparations as laxatives. A member of the class of sennosides that is rel-(9R,9R)-9,9,10,10-tetrahydro-9,9-bianthracene-2,2-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4, by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5, and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10. The exact stereochemisty at positions 9 and 9 is not known - it may be R,R (as shown) or S,S. Cathartic principle from rhubarb. Sennoside A is found in green vegetables and garden rhubarb. Sennoside A is found in garden rhubarb. Cathartic principle from rhubar D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D054368 - Laxatives Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2]. Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2].
Nevadensin
Nevadensin, also known as pedunculin or 5,7-hydroxy-4,6,8-trimethoxyflavone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 8-o-methylated flavonoids. 8-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C8 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, nevadensin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Nevadensin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Nevadensin can be found in peppermint and sweet basil, which makes nevadensin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
Chebulinic acid
Chebulinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18942-26-2 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 18942-26-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Sinensetin
Sinensetin is a pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a flavone. Sinensetin is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Citrus keraji, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of); Citrus aurantium fruit rind (part of). A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. Sinensetin is found in citrus. Sinensetin is found in orange peel and other plant sources. Found in orange peel and other plant sources Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties. Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties.
N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine
N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine is a methylated derivative of the amino acid lysine. It is a component of histone proteins, a precursor of carnitine and a coenzyme of fatty acid oxidation. N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine residues are found in a number of proteins and are generated by the action of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on exposed lysine residues. When trimethyllysine is released from cognate proteins via proteolysis, it serves as a precursor for carnitine biosynthesis. Mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase converts 6-N-trimethyllysine to 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine as the first step for carnitine biosynthesis. Because the subsequent carnitine biosynthesis enzymes are cytosolic, 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine must be transported out of the mitochondria by a putative mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine/3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine transporter system. Plasma -N-trimethyllysine concentrations are significantly lower in systemic carnitine deficiency patients compared to normal individuals, but no significant difference in urinary -N-trimethyllysine excretion is seen between the two groups. [HMDB] N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine is a methylated derivative of the amino acid lysine. It is a component of histone proteins, a precursor of carnitine and a coenzyme of fatty acid oxidation. N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine residues are found in a number of proteins and are generated by the action of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on exposed lysine residues. When trimethyllysine is released from cognate proteins via proteolysis, it serves as a precursor for carnitine biosynthesis. Mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase converts 6-N-trimethyllysine to 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine as the first step for carnitine biosynthesis. Because the subsequent carnitine biosynthesis enzymes are cytosolic, 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine must be transported out of the mitochondria by a putative mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine/3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine transporter system. Plasma -N-trimethyllysine concentrations are significantly lower in systemic carnitine deficiency patients compared to normal individuals, but no significant difference in urinary -N-trimethyllysine excretion is seen between the two groups. D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D008934 - Mitogens
Water
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71\\% of Earths surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the bodys solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the suns energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia). Water, also known as purified water or dihydrogen oxide, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. Homogeneous other non-metal compounds are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of other nonmetals. Water can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, oxheart cabbage, alaska wild rhubarb, and japanese walnut, which makes water a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Water can be found primarily in most biofluids, including ascites Fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymph, as well as throughout all human tissues. Water exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, water is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/i-15:0/i-20:0/i-24:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(18:0/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), and cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/i-18:0/i-13:0/i-19:0). Water is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/i-13:0/21:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(22:0/20:0/i-20:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(a-21:0/i-20:0/i-14:0), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/a-17:0/i-12:0). Water is a drug which is used for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered [fda label]. Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70\\% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world. Much of long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil and natural gas) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating, in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances; as such it is widely used in industrial processes, and in cooking and washing. Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, and diving .
Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone, also known as 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone or glycerone, is a member of the class of compounds known as monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are compounds containing one carbohydrate unit not glycosidically linked to another such unit, and no set of two or more glycosidically linked carbohydrate units. Monosaccharides have the general formula CnH2nOn. Dihydroxyacetone is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydroxyacetone can be found in a number of food items such as cauliflower, green bell pepper, black cabbage, and sweet basil, which makes dihydroxyacetone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dihydroxyacetone can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human muscle and stratum corneum tissues. Dihydroxyacetone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Dihydroxyacetone is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin . Dihydroxyacetone (also known as DHA) is a ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones, it acts as a sunscreening agent. Dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and, having no chiral centre, is the only one that has no optical activity. Dihydroxyacetone is a simple non-toxic sugar. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, by the fermentation of glycerin. Dihydroxyacetone is a white crystalline powder which is water soluble. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
It is used as a food additive . A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AD - Osmotically acting laxatives
6-Methylsalicylic acid
A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates
Propylene glycol
Propylene glycol (CAS: 57-55-6), also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odourless, and colourless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. It is manufactured by the hydration of propylene oxide. Propylene glycol is used as a solvent for intravenous, oral, and topical pharmaceutical preparations It is generally considered safe. However, in large doses, it can be toxic, especially if given over a short period of time. Intravenous lorazepam contains the largest amount of propylene glycol of commonly used drugs. In adults with normal liver and kidney function, the terminal half-life of propylene glycol ranges from 1.4 to 3.3 hours. Propylene glycol is metabolized by the liver to form lactate, acetate, and pyruvate. The nonmetabolized drug is excreted in the urine mainly as the glucuronide conjugate, approximately 12 to 45 percent is excreted unchanged in urine. Renal clearance decreases as the dose administered increases (390 ml/minute/173 m2 at a dose of 5 g/day but only 144 ml/minute/173 m2 at a dose of 21 g/day). These data suggest that renal clearance declines at higher propylene glycol doses because of the saturation of proximal tubular secretion of the drug. As an acceptable level of propylene glycol has not been defined, the clinical implication of a propylene glycol level is unclear. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum consumption of 25 mg/kg/day (1.8 g/day for a 75 kg male) of propylene glycol when used as a food additive, but this limit does not address its use as a drug solvent. No maximum dose is recommended in the literature for intravenous therapy with propylene glycol. Intoxication occurs at much higher doses than the WHO dose limit and is exclusive to pharmacologic exposure. Propylene glycol toxicity includes the development of serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and kidney failure. It has been suggested that proximal tubular necrosis is the cause of acute kidney injury from propylene glycol. Along these lines, proximal tubular cell injury occurs in cultured human cells exposed to propylene glycol. Acute tubular necrosis was described with propylene glycol toxicity in a case of concomitant administration of intravenous lorazepam and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Propylene glycol induced intoxication can also mimic sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Patients suspected of having sepsis with negative cultures should be evaluated for propylene glycol toxicity if they have been exposed to high dose lorazepam or other medications containing this solvent (PMID:17555487). Propylene glycol is an anticaking agent, antioxidant, dough strengthener, emulsifier, flavouring agent, formulation aid, humectant, solvent, preservative, stabiliser, hog/poultry scald agent, and surface active agent. It is found in foods such as roasted sesame seeds, oats, truffle and other mushrooms. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1]. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1].
1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose
Isolated from Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus idaeus (raspberry). 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, pomegranate, garden rhubarb, and red raspberry. 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is found in fruits. 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is isolated from Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus idaeus (raspberry).
Acetamide
Acetamide (or acetic acid amide or ethanamide), CH3CONH2, the amide of acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in pure form. It is produced by dehydrating ammonium acetate:. Acetamide is found in red beetroot. Acetamide is found in red beetroot. Acetamide (or acetic acid amide or ethanamide), CH3CONH2, the amide of acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in pure form. It is produced by dehydrating ammonium acetate
Desmopressin
Desmopressin is a chemical that is similar to Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) which is found naturally in the body. It increases urine concentration and decreases urine production. Desmopressin is used to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions, allowing you to sleep through the night without awakening to urinate. It is also used to treat specific types of diabetes insipidus and conditions after head injury or pituitary surgery. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H01 - Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones and analogues > H01B - Posterior pituitary lobe hormones > H01BA - Vasopressin and analogues C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C80212 - Antidiuretic Hormone Analogue D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D014667 - Vasopressins D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D050034 - Antidiuretic Agents
MELARSOPROL
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis > P01CD - Arsenic compounds D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent
Precocene II
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Precocene II is the insect antijuvenile hormone[1].
(R)-Oxypeucedanin
(r)-oxypeucedanin, also known as hishigado or phosphine, is a member of the class of compounds known as psoralens. Psoralens are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (r)-oxypeucedanin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (r)-oxypeucedanin can be found in carrot, lemon, parsley, and wild carrot, which makes (r)-oxypeucedanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is a member of psoralens. 4-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one is a natural product found in Prangos latiloba, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins (R)-Oxypeucedanin is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Oxypeucedanin is isolated from Angelica glauc Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2]. Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM.?Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation[1]. Oxypeucedanin induces cell?apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration[2].
Hydrangenol
Hydrangenol is a member of the class of dihydroisocoumarins that is 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica and exhibits anti-allergic activity. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of phenols and a member of dihydroisocoumarins. It is functionally related to a 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin. Hydrangenol is a natural product found in Hydrangea febrifuga, Hydrangea macrophylla, and Hydrangea serrata with data available. A member of the class of dihydroisocoumarins that is 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica and exhibits anti-allergic activity.
Boric acid (H3BO3)
Food contaminant deriving from paper and paperboard in contact with food. V. limited use as an antibacterial agent in caviar. Boric acid (H3BO3) is found in many foods, some of which are pomegranate, fig, french plantain, and redcurrant. Boric acid (H3BO3) is found in fig. Boric acid (H3BO3) is a food contaminant deriving from paper and paperboard in contact with food. V. limited use as an antibacterial agent in cavia S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Same as: D01089
Mercury chloride
D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AK - Mercurial products D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants Same as: D01905
N-phenylanthranilic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
propylene glycol
D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D014677 - Pharmaceutical Vehicles D012997 - Solvents (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1]. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1].
pentamidine
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent [Raw Data] CB201_Pentamidine_pos_50eV_isCID-10eV_rep000006.txt [Raw Data] CB201_Pentamidine_pos_40eV_isCID-10eV_rep000006.txt [Raw Data] CB201_Pentamidine_pos_30eV_isCID-10eV_rep000006.txt [Raw Data] CB201_Pentamidine_pos_20eV_isCID-10eV_rep000006.txt [Raw Data] CB201_Pentamidine_pos_10eV_isCID-10eV_rep000006.txt KEIO_ID P209; [MS2] KO009179 KEIO_ID P209; [MS3] KO009180 KEIO_ID P209
ST 19:2;O3
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist
Senna
Sennosides (also known as senna glycoside or senna) is a medication used to treat constipation and empty the large intestine before surgery. The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectum. It typically begins working in minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouth. It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl or castor oil. Sennoside A, one of the sennosides present in the laxative medication, has recently proven effective in inhibiting the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. Sennosides is anthraquinone glycosides found in senna plant, usually referring to the sennosides A and B, with laxative activity. Sennosides act on and irritate the lining of the intestine wall, thereby causing increased intestinal muscle contractions leading to vigorous bowel movement. Medications derived from SENNA EXTRACT that are used to treat CONSTIPATION. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D054368 - Laxatives Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2]. Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2].
Lysionotin
Nevadensin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. It is a conjugate acid of a nevadensin-7-olate. Nevadensin is a natural product found in Calanticaria bicolor, Gardenia resinifera, and other organisms with data available. A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
L-Pipecolic acid
L-pipecolic acid is a normal human metabolite present in human blood, where is present as the primary enantiomer of pipecolic acid. L-pipecolic acid is a cyclic imino acid (contains both imino (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups) produced during the degradation of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, including Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), and infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510). L-pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. L-pipecolic acid is the substrate of delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.21) in the pathway of lysine degradation (PMID: 2717271, 8305590, 1050990). Present in beans and other legumes, and in lesser quantities in other plants including barley, hops, malt and mushrooms. L-Pipecolic acid is found in many foods, some of which are macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), linden, tinda, and cumin. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2]. Pipecolic acid, a metabolite of Lysine, is an important precursor of many useful microbial secondary metabolites. Pipecolic acid can be used as a diagnostic marker of Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy[1][2].
THIODICARB
Pipecolic acid
L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.
urea
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05B - I.v. solutions > B05BC - Solutions producing osmotic diuresis D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02A - Emollients and protectives > D02AE - Carbamide products C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49187 - Osmotic Diuretic Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
Chebulinic_acid
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,11S,12S,13R,21S)-13,17,18-trihydroxy-2,10,14-trioxo-5,21-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]-3,6,9,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.7.1.14,8.016,20]henicosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-11-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula with data available. See also: Terminalia chebula fruit (part of).
Dihydroxyacetone
A ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
Narirutin
Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Narirutin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2]. Narirutin, one of the active constituents isolated from citrus fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Narirutin is a shikimate kinase inhibitor with anti-tubercular potency[1][2].
Phloretin
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.912 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.909 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.910 Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].
Sinensetin
Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties. Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties.
Senna
D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D054368 - Laxatives Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2]. Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2].
H2O
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Water. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7732-18-5 (retrieved 2024-10-17) (CAS RN: 7732-18-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
(-)-Guttiferone E
(-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. (-)-Guttiferone E is a constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. Constituent of Garcinia indica (kokam). Camboginol isolated from Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Guttiferone E is found in fruits. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].
Lysionotin
Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
cambogin
Garcinol is a monoterpenoid. CID 5281560 is a natural product found in Garcinia assugu, Garcinia pedunculata, and other organisms with data available. Isogarcinol is a natural product found in Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia cowa, and other organisms with data available. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone harvested from Garcinia indica, exerts anti-cholinesterase properties towards acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 0.66 μM and 7.39 μM, respectively[1]. Garcinol also inhibits histone acetyltransferases (HATs, IC50= 7 μM) and p300/CPB-associated factor (PCAF, IC50 = 5 μM). Garcinol has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[2].
Diphenoxylate
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07D - Antipropulsives > A07DA - Antipropulsives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C266 - Antidiarrheal Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000930 - Antidiarrheals
lactulose
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AD - Osmotically acting laxatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29697 - Laxative D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.051
L-Pipecolic acid
The L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; HXEACLLIILLPRG-YFKPBYRVSA-N_STSL_0204_L-pipecolic Acid_0500fmol_180831_S2_L02M02_19; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.
Poncirin
(2S)-poncirin is a flavanone glycoside that is 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a disaccharide derivative, a neohesperidoside and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone. Poncirin is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Micromeria graeca, and other organisms with data available. A flavanone glycoside that is 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Poncirin is isolated from?Poncirus trifoliata with anti-inflammory activites. Poncirin significantly reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain models[1]. Poncirin is isolated from?Poncirus trifoliata with anti-inflammory activites. Poncirin significantly reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain models[1].
loperamide
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07D - Antipropulsives > A07DA - Antipropulsives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C266 - Antidiarrheal Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000930 - Antidiarrheals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2504 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8489
urea
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05B - I.v. solutions > B05BC - Solutions producing osmotic diuresis A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02A - Emollients and protectives > D02AE - Carbamide products C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49187 - Osmotic Diuretic Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
Erythrit
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents The meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol. meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in a variety of foods (e.g., pear, watermelon), is 60-80\\% as sweet as sucrose, and is an approved low-calorie sweetener food additive[1]. meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in a variety of foods (e.g., pear, watermelon), is 60-80\% as sweet as sucrose, and is an approved low-calorie sweetener food additive[1].
phenolphthalein
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3720; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3717 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3689; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3687 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3685; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3683 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3891; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3888 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3687; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3684 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3922; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3920 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8029; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8028 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8044; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8074; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8092 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8078
Catechin C
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
Prostaglandin B1
A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).
Mercury chloride
D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AK - Mercurial products D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants
BORIC ACID
S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Same as: D01089
N-phenylanthranilic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
AIDS-026330
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
Aloeemodin
Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Phloretol
Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4]. Phloretin (NSC 407292; RJC 02792) is a flavonoid extracted from Malus pumila Mill., has anti-inflammatory activities. Phloridzin is a specific, competitive and orally active inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporters in the intestine (SGLT1) and kidney (SGLT2). Phloretin inhibits Yeast-made GLUT1 as well as Human erythrocyte GLUT1 with IC50values of 49 μM and 61 μM, respectively[1].Phloretin has the potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?and allergic airway inflammation[4].
Optim
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AG - Enemas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29697 - Laxative D020011 - Protective Agents > D003451 - Cryoprotective Agents D012997 - Solvents
Soleal
1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
Hyanit
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05B - I.v. solutions > B05BC - Solutions producing osmotic diuresis D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02A - Emollients and protectives > D02AE - Carbamide products C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49187 - Osmotic Diuretic Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
dehydroeburicoicacid
Dehydroeburicoic acid is a bile acid. Dehydroeburicoic acid is a natural product found in Gloeophyllum odoratum, Taiwanofungus camphoratus, and other organisms with data available.
Sennoside D
Sennoside C is a member of sennosides. Sennoside C is a natural product found in Senna alexandrina with data available.
Glycerin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AG - Enemas C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29697 - Laxative D020011 - Protective Agents > D003451 - Cryoprotective Agents D012997 - Solvents
Precocene II
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Precocene II is the insect antijuvenile hormone[1].
Buformin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BA - Biguanides C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98234 - Biguanide Antidiabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides
N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine
D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D008934 - Mitogens
DESMOPRESSIN
H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H01 - Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones and analogues > H01B - Posterior pituitary lobe hormones > H01BA - Vasopressin and analogues C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C80212 - Antidiuretic Hormone Analogue D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D014667 - Vasopressins D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D050034 - Antidiuretic Agents
Fenamic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
