Subcellular Location: Extracellular side

(S)-Isocorydine

C20H23NO4 (341.1627)

Isocorydine is an aporphine alkaloid. Isocorydine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos saetabensis, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya. (S)-Isocorydine is an alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Isocorydine belongs to the family of Aporphines. These are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya. (S)-Isocorydine is an alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo Alkaloid from Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Isocorydine is found in cherimoya and poppy. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2324 Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1]. Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1].

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). Isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Agnuside is found in fruits. Agnuside is isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

Cynaropicrin

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Constituent of Cynara scolymus (artichoke). Cynaropicrin is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and root vegetables. Cynaropicrin is found in cardoon. Cynaropicrin is a constituent of Cynara scolymus (artichoke). Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone. Cynaropicrin is a natural product found in Pleiotaxis rugosa, Pseudostifftia kingii, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). D009676 - Noxae > D003603 - Cytotoxins Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling. Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling.

Digin

C27H44O4 (432.3239)

Gitogenin is a triterpenoid. Gitogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Allium rotundum, and other organisms with data available. Gitogenin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Gitogenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gitogenin can be found in fenugreek, which makes gitogenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Gitogenin is a natural steroid isolated from the whole plant of Tribulus longipetalus. Gitogenin is a selective inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) and enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.69 μM (use trifluoperazine as a substrate) and 37.2 μM, respectively, and does not inhibit the activities of major human cytochrome P450 isoforms[1][2]. Gitogenin is a natural steroid isolated from the whole plant of Tribulus longipetalus. Gitogenin is a selective inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) and enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.69 μM (use trifluoperazine as a substrate) and 37.2 μM, respectively, and does not inhibit the activities of major human cytochrome P450 isoforms[1][2].

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.3705)

Lupenone is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupenone is a natural product found in Liatris acidota, Euphorbia larica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Cupania cinerea. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

Isopimpinellin

C13H10O5 (246.0528)

Isopimpinellin is a member of psoralens. Isopimpinellin is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum mayu, Zanthoxylum ovalifolium, and other organisms with data available. Isopimpinellin is found in angelica. Isopimpinellin is present in the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) Isopimpinellin belongs to the family of Furanocoumarins. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a furan ring fused to a coumarin moeity. See also: Angelica keiskei top (part of). Present in the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip). Isopimpinellin is found in many foods, some of which are carrot, anise, celery stalks, and fennel. Isopimpinellin is found in angelica. Isopimpinellin is present in the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Isopimpinellin, an orally active compound isolated from Glomerella cingulata. Isopimpinellin blocks DNA adduct formation and skin tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Isopimpinellin possesses anti-leishmania effect[1]. Isopimpinellin, an orally active compound isolated from Glomerella cingulata. Isopimpinellin blocks DNA adduct formation and skin tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Isopimpinellin possesses anti-leishmania effect[1].

Phorbol

C20H28O6 (364.1886)

Phorbol is a white solid. (NTP, 1992) Phorbol is a diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an enone, a cyclic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a tigliane. Phorbol is a natural product found in Euphorbia tirucalli, Croton tiglium, and Rehmannia glutinosa with data available. Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium. The structure of phorbol was determined in 1967. It is very soluble in most polar organic solvents, as well as in water. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties.

Salutaridine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Salutaridine is a morphinane alkaloid from the opium poppy, in which the 5,6,8,14-tetradehydromorphinan-7-one skeleton is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxyl group, positions 3 and 6 by methoxy groups and position N17 by a methyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HBV agent. It is a conjugate base of a salutaridinium(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan. Salutaridine is a natural product found in Sarcocapnos saetabensis, Platycapnos saxicola, and other organisms with data available. A morphinane alkaloid from the opium poppy, in which the 5,6,8,14-tetradehydromorphinan-7-one skeleton is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxyl group, positions 3 and 6 by methoxy groups and position N17 by a methyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Dmask

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Dmask is a natural product found in Arnebia hispidissima with data available. Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

Karacoline

C22H35NO4 (377.2566)

Karakoline is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is aconitane bearing hydroxy groups at the 1alpha, 8, and 14alpha positions and substituted at on the nitrogen and at positions 4 and 16beta by ethyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. It has a role as a phytotoxin. It is a tertiary amino compound, a tertiary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, an alkaloid, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and a bridged compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Carmicheline is a natural product found in Aconitum karakolicum, Euglena gracilis, and Aconitum carmichaelii with data available. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C22H35NO4; Bottle Name:Karakoline hydrochloride; PRIME Parent Name:Karakoline; PRIME in-house No.:V0337; SubCategory_DNP: Terpenoid alkaloids, Diterpene alkaloid, Aconitum alkaloid

friedelanol

C30H52O (428.4018)

Epi-Friedelanol is a triterpenoid. Epifriedelanol is a natural product found in Plenckia populnea, Quercus glauca, and other organisms with data available.

Jionoside B1

C37H50O20 (814.2895)

Jionoside B1 is an oligosaccharide. Jionoside B1 is a natural product found in Lamium purpureum and Rehmannia glutinosa with data available. Jionoside B1 is a phenylpropanoid isolated from herbs of Eriophyton wallichii. Jionoside B1 is a phenylpropanoid isolated from herbs of Eriophyton wallichii.

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Procyanidin C1 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. It has a role as a metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Procyanidin C1 is a natural product found in Campylotropis hirtella, Cinnamomum verum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Maritime Pine (part of). Procyanidin C1 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). (Wikipedia). Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). [Wikipedia] A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

Epinepetalactone

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Cis-trans-nepetalactone is a cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aR-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It is an aphid sex pheromone and cat attractant, and exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic properties. It has a role as a pheromone, a plant metabolite, an insect attractant, an analgesic, an insect repellent, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is an iridoid monoterpenoid and a cyclopentapyran. Nepetalactone cis-trans-form is a natural product found in Nepeta cataria, Nepeta tuberosa, and Nepeta racemosa with data available. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is found in herbs and spices. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is a constituent of catnip from the catmint plant Nepeta cataria Constituent of catnip from the catmint plant Nepeta cataria. (5S,8S,9R)-Nepetalactone is found in tea and herbs and spices. 4aα,7α,7aα-Nepetalactone exhibits antibacterial activity, and inhibits Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Enterococcus faecalis.

Visnagin

C13H10O4 (230.0579)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2]. Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2].

3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde appears as needles or chunky light peach powder. Has an odor of vanilla beans. (NTP, 1992) Veratraldehyde is a dimethoxybenzene that is benzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It is found in peppermint, ginger, raspberry, and other fruits. It has a role as an antifungal agent. It is a member of benzaldehydes and a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Polygala senega, Pluchea sagittalis, and other organisms with data available. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in fruits. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used in vanilla flavour Isolated from peppermint, raspberry, ginger and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in vanilla flavours. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is found in peppermint, herbs and spices, and fruits. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3939 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3954 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3930; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3929 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3941; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3940 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3961 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1016; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3960 Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Neocnidolide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Neocnidolide, also known as neocnidilide, cis-(-)-isomer or sedanolide, is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofurans. Isobenzofurans are organic aromatic compounds containing an isobenzofuran moiety. Neocnidolide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Neocnidolide can be found in dill, which makes neocnidolide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Neocnidilide is a gamma-lactone. Neocnidilide is a natural product found in Petroselinum crispum and Apium graveolens with data available.

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available.

Isochamaejasmin

C30H22O10 (542.1213)

Chamaejasmin is a natural product found in Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Stellera chamaejasme, and other organisms with data available. Isochamaejasmin is a biflavonoid that consists of two units of 5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone joined together at position 3 and 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a biflavonoid and a hydroxyflavone. Isochamaejasmin is a natural product found in Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Stellera chamaejasme, and Ormocarpum kirkii with data available.

Futoquinol

C21H22O5 (354.1467)

Futoquinol is a monoterpenoid. Futoquinol is a natural product found in Piper wightii, Piper hymenophyllum, and other organisms with data available.

beta-Carotinal

C30H40O (416.3079)

8-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8-al is an apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 8-position. It is an enal and an apo carotenoid triterpenoid. Apocarotenal is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Palisota barteri, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of orange peel, spinach, marigolds and egg yolks. Colour additive. beta-Carotinal is found in many foods, some of which are eggs, green vegetables, sweet orange, and citrus. beta-Carotinal is found in citrus. beta-Carotinal is a constituent of orange peel, spinach, marigolds and egg yolks. Colour additive. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1]. β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1].

1,4-Cineole

C10H18O (154.1358)

1,4-cineole is an oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fumigant insecticide and a central nervous system depressant. It is a cineole and an oxabicycloalkane. NA is a natural product found in Saxifraga stolonifera, Rhododendron anthopogonoides, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of Piper cubeba (cubeb pepper). 1,4-Cineole is found in many foods, some of which are star anise, roselle, herbs and spices, and lime. 1,4-Cineole is found in cardamom. 1,4-Cineole is a constituent of Piper cubeba (cubeb pepper) An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2]. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2].

Obtusifoliol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Obtusifoliol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, obtusifoliol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Obtusifoliol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within evening primroses. Obtusifoliol has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common chokecherries, jicama, pepper (C. frutescens), avocado, and pecan nuts. This could make obtusifoliol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Obtusifoliol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol: in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme CYP51A1 (EC 1.14.13.70, sterol 14-demethylase) (PMID: 9559662). CYP51A1 is a housekeeping enzyme essential for the viability of mammals, an essential step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Sterol 14-demethylation occurs in all organisms exhibiting de novo sterol biosynthesis and CYP51A1 has been conserved throughout evolution (PMID: 8797093). Obtusifoliol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme CYP51A1 (EC 1.14.13.70, sterol 14-demethylase). (PMID: 9559662); CYP51A1 is a housekeeping enzyme essential for viability of mammals, essential step in cholesterol biosynthesis; sterol 14-demethylation occurs in all organism exhibiting de novo sterol biosynthesis, and CYP51A1 has been conserved throughout evolution. (PMID: 8797093). Obtusifoliol is found in many foods, some of which are jews ear, mamey sapote, star fruit, and tinda. Obtusifoliol is a natural product found in Euphorbia chamaesyce, Euphorbia nicaeensis, and other organisms with data available. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1]. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1].

Solanidine

C27H43NO (397.3344)

Solanidine is a steroid alkaloid fundamental parent, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a solanid-5-en-3-ol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a toxin. It is a conjugate base of a solanidine(1+). Solanidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria delavayi, Fritillaria tortifolia, and other organisms with data available. Alkaloid from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Glycosides, (especies Solanines and chaconine) are trace toxic constits. of potato tubers (especies greened tubers), and interbreeding of potatoes with wild strains may increase their concn. or introduce other more toxic, solanidine glycosides Solanidine is a steroidal alkaloid, and its glycosides have been reported to have caused poisoning in man and animals. Solanidine is present in sera of healthy individuals and in amounts dependent on their dietary potato consumption. (PMID: 4007882). Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1]. Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1].

N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

(R)-N-methylcoclaurine is the (R)-enantiomer of N-methylcoclaurine. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-N-methylcoclaurinium. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-N-methylcoclaurine. (R)-N-Methylcoclaurine is a natural product found in Cyclea barbata, Cyclea peltata, and other organisms with data available.

Neriifolin

C30H46O8 (534.3193)

Neriifolin is a cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxigenin in which the hydroxy goup at position 3 has been converted to its (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-glucopyranoside derivative. Found in the seeds of Cerbera odollamand in Thevetia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug, a toxin and a neuroprotective agent. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. Neriifolin is a natural product found in Cerbera manghas, Cerbera odollam, and other organisms with data available. A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxigenin in which the hydroxy goup at position 3 has been converted to its (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-glucopyranoside derivative. Found in the seeds of Cerbera odollamand in Thevetia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_40eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_10eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_20eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_50eV_CB000031.txt [Raw Data] CB071_Neriifolin_pos_30eV_CB000031.txt Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[1][2. Neriifolin, a CNS-penetrating cardiac glycoside, is an inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase. Neriifolin can target beclin 1, inhibits the formation of LC3-associated phagosomes and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells[1][2.

Lauric aldehyde

C12H24O (184.1827)

Dodecanal is a long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 2,3-saturated fatty aldehyde, a medium-chain fatty aldehyde and a long-chain fatty aldehyde. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane. Dodecanal is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Zingiber mioga, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in peel oil from Citrus subspecies and kumquatand is also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Flavouring agent. Lauric aldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are mollusks, rocket salad (sspecies), sweet orange, and fruits. Lauric aldehyde is found in citrus. Lauric aldehyde occurs in peel oil from Citrus species and kumquat. Also present in ginger, coriander, chervil and scallop. Lauric aldehyde is a flavouring agent. A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group.

Tropate

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Tropic acid is a 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a phenyl group, and one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a propionic acid and a hydratropic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tropate. Tropic acid is a natural product found in Hyoscyamus muticus, Datura stramonium, and other organisms with data available. Tropic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tropate, also known as Tropic acid or alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylacetic acid, is classified as a beta hydroxy acid or a Beta hydroxy acid derivative. Beta hydroxy acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. Tropate is considered to be soluble in water and acidic. Tropate can be synthesized from hydratropic acid and propionic acid. Tropate can be synthesized into tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a phenyl group, and one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. KEIO_ID T059 Tropic acid (DL-Tropic acid) is a laboratory reagent used in the chemical synthesis of Atropine and Hyoscyamine[1]. Tropic acid (DL-Tropic acid) is a laboratory reagent used in the chemical synthesis of Atropine and Hyoscyamine[1].

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate

C2H6O4S (125.9987)

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate (also known as 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid or isethionic acid) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants. These surfactants provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel. 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid. 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine. Mammals are also able to endogenously synthesize 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process (PMID: 14490797). 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate can be found in both human plasma and urine (PMID: 1159536, PMID: 6066118). Higher plasma levels of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes. Isethionic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isethionate. Isethionic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid is a natural product found in Gayliella flaccida, Tichocarpus crinitus, and Trypanosoma brucei with data available. A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid. Isethionic acid C2H6O4S is a short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel. An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. KEIO_ID I041

Cyprodinil

C14H15N3 (225.1266)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9314; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9312 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9293; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9292 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9313; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9312 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9269; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9268 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9257; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9256 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 810; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9258; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9257 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 148 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2569 KEIO_ID C172; [MS2] KO008908 Cyprodinil is a fungicide. Cyprodinil is a fungicide KEIO_ID C172

Fenpropimorph

C20H33NO (303.2562)

Fenpropimorph (CAS: 67564-91-4) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. Fenpropimorph is possibly neutral. Fenpropimorph is an agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beets, beans, and leek. Agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beet, beans and leeks CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8406 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2573 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

propachlor

C11H14ClNO (211.0764)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 708 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3622 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8397

1-Methyluric acid

C6H6N4O3 (182.044)

1-Methyluric acid is one of the three main theophylline metabolites in man. 1-Methyluric acid is one of the purine components in urinary calculi. Methylated purines originate from the metabolism of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine). Methyluric acids are indistinguishable from uric acid by simple methods routinely used in clinical laboratories, requiring the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purine derivatives in urinary calculi could be considered markers of abnormal purine metabolism. The content of a purine derivative in stone depends on its average urinary excretion in the general population, similarity to the chemical structure of uric acid, and content of the latter in stone. This suggests that purines in stones represent a solid solution with uric acid as solvent. It is also plausible that methylxanthines, ubiquitous components of the diet and drugs, are involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Caffeine is metabolized via successive pathways mainly catalyzed by CYP1A2, xanthine oxidase or N-acetyltransferase-2 to give 14 different metabolites. CYP1A2 activity shows an inter-individual variability among the population. CYP1A2, an isoform of the CYP1A cytochrome P450 super-family, is involved in the metabolism of many drugs and plays a potentially important role in the induction of chemical carcinogenesis. (PMID: 11712316, 15833286, 3506820, 15013152, 4039734, 9890610) [HMDB] 1-Methyluric acid is one of the three main theophylline metabolites in man. 1-Methyluric acid is one of the purine components in urinary calculi. Methylated purines originate from the metabolism of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine). Methyluric acids can be distinguished from uric acid via simple methods routinely used in clinical laboratories, requiring the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purine derivatives in urinary calculi could be considered markers of abnormal purine metabolism. The content of a purine derivative in stone depends on its average urinary excretion in the general population, similarity to the chemical structure of uric acid, and content of the latter in stone. This suggests that purines in stones represent a solid solution with uric acid as solvent. It is also plausible that methylxanthines, ubiquitous components of the diet and drugs, are involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Caffeine is metabolized via successive pathways mainly catalyzed by CYP1A2, xanthine oxidase, or N-acetyltransferase-2 to give 14 different metabolites. CYP1A2 activity shows an inter-individual variability among the population. CYP1A2, an isoform of the CYP1A cytochrome P450 superfamily, is involved in the metabolism of many drugs and plays a potentially important role in the induction of chemical carcinogenesis (PMID:11712316, 15833286, 3506820, 15013152, 4039734, 9890610).

1-Methylxanthine

C6H6N4O2 (166.0491)

1-Methylxanthine is one of the major metabolites of caffeine in humans. The oxidation of 1-methylxanthine to 1-methyluric acid occurs so rapidly that the parent compound could not be detected in plasma, and only low concentrations could be detected in the brain (PMID: 28863020). 1-methylxanthine is the major metabolites of caffeine in the human. The oxidation of 1-methylxanthine to 1-methyluric acid occurred so rapidly that the parent compound could not be detected in plasma, and only low concentrations could be detected in brain. (PMID: 28863020 [HMDB] 1-Methylxanthine, a caffeine derivative, is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP)[1]. 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells[2]. 1-Methylxanthine, a caffeine derivative, is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP)[1]. 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells[2].

2-hydroxyphenylacetate

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, also known as (o-hydroxyphenyl)acetate or 2-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as 2(hydroxyphenyl)acetic acids. 2(Hydroxyphenyl)acetic acids are phenylacetic acids that carry a hydroxyl group at the 2-position. ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found in a number of food items such as natal plum, lemon verbena, half-highbush blueberry, and parsley, which makes ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine. Moreover, ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a substrate of the enzyme oxidoreductases (EC 1.14.13.-) in the pathway styrene degradation (KEGG). ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is also a microbial metabolite. ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a substrate of the enzyme oxidoreductases [EC 1.14.13.-] in the pathway styrene degradation. (KEGG) [HMDB]. 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is found in many foods, some of which are rambutan, common oregano, burbot, and wild leek. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 155 INTERNAL_ID 155; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 46 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU).

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

4-hydroxymandelic acid

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

p-Hydroxymandelic acid, also known as 4-hydroxymandelate or 4-hydroxyphenylglycolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 2-position. p-Hydroxymandelic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anatidaes (Anatidae), chickens (Gallus gallus), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). This could make p-hydroxymandelic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. p-Hydroxymandelic acid is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on p-Hydroxymandelic acid. p-Hydroxymandelic acid is a valuable aromatic fine chemical and widely used for production of pharmaceuticals and food additives.

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van\\%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate. Mesaconic acid is one of several isomeric carboxylic acids obtained from citric acid. Is used as a fire retardant, recent studies revealed this acid is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

ST 24:4;O5

C24H34O5 (402.2406)

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Same as: D01693

DL-Homocystine

C8H16N2O4S2 (268.0551)

Homocystine is the oxidized form of homocysteine. Homocystine is a dipeptide consisting of two homocysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Homocystine occurs only transiently before being reduced to homocysteine and converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfides account for >98\\\\\% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals (PMID 11592966). Homocystine has been shown to stereospecifically induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent lipid peroxidation in endothelial cells, thereby inducing a vascular cell type-specific oxidative stress. This vascular stress is associated with atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (PMID: 14980706). High levels of homocysteine (and homocysteine) can be found in individuals suffering from homocystinura due to cystathionine synthase deficiency (PMID: 4685596) Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H041 4,4'-Disulfanediylbis(2-aminobutanoic acid) is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine and homocysteine is recognized as an important substance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

N8-Acetylspermidine

C9H21N3O (187.1685)

N8-Acetylspermidine is a polyamine. The polyamines, found in virtually all living organisms, are a ubiquitous group of compounds that appear to play a vital role in many cellular processes involving nucleic acids including cell growth and differentiation. The polyamines, found in virtually all living organisms, are a ubiquitous group of compounds that appear to play a vital role in many cellular processes involving nucleic acids including cell growth and differentiation. Acetylation on the terminal nitrogen adjacent to the 4-carbon chain produces N8-acetylspermidine. This reaction is catalyzed by spermidine N8-acetyltransferase and does not result in the conversion of spermidine to putrescine but, instead, the product undergoes deacetylation. This acetyltransferase appears to be associated with chromatin in the cell nucleus and has been reported to be the same as (or related to) the enzyme(s) responsible for histone acetylation. N8-Acetylspermidine does not accumulate in tissues but rather appears to be rapidly deacetylated back to spermidine by a relatively specific cytosolic deacetylase, N8-acetylspermidine deacetylase. The function of this N8-acetylation/deacetylation pathway in cellular processes is not understood clearly, but several observations have suggested a role in cell growth and differentiation. (PMID: 12093478) [HMDB] N8-Acetylspermidine is a polyamine. The polyamines, found in virtually all living organisms, are a ubiquitous group of compounds that appear to play a vital role in many cellular processes involving nucleic acids including cell growth and differentiation. Acetylation on the terminal nitrogen adjacent to the 4-carbon chain produces N8-acetylspermidine. This reaction is catalyzed by spermidine N8-acetyltransferase and does not result in the conversion of spermidine to putrescine. Instead, the product undergoes deacetylation. This acetyltransferase appears to be associated with chromatin in the cell nucleus and has been reported to be the same as (or related to) the enzyme(s) responsible for histone acetylation. N8-Acetylspermidine does not accumulate in tissues but rather appears to be rapidly deacetylated back to spermidine by a relatively specific cytosolic deacetylase, N8-acetylspermidine deacetylase. The function of this N8-acetylation/deacetylation pathway in cellular processes is not understood clearly, but several observations have suggested a role in cell growth and differentiation (PMID: 12093478). KEIO_ID A112

N-alpha-acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N2-Acetylornithine, also known as N(alpha)-acetylornithine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids. These are N-acylated alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. N-Acetylornithine is a minor component of the deproteinized blood plasma of human blood. Human blood plasma contains a variable amount of acetylornithine, averaging 1.1 +/- 0.4 umol/L (range 0.8-0.2 umol/L). Urine contains a very small amount of acetylornithine, approximately 1 nmol/mg creatinine (1 umol/day) (PMID:508804). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 160 KEIO_ID A032 N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

6-Methylmercaptopurine is a metabolite of mercaptopurine. Mercaptopurine (also called 6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a thiopurine. (Wikipedia) KEIO_ID M104

2-Methylbenzoic acid

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid, with formula (CH3)C6H4(COOH). -- Wikipedia; It is an isomer of p-toluic acid and m-toluic acid. -- Wikipedia KEIO_ID T038 o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

Phenylglyoxylic acid

C8H6O3 (150.0317)

Phenylglyoxylic acid is one of the major urinary metabolites of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes, styrene and ethylbenzene. (PMID 3782394). For the biological monitoring of workers exposure to solvent used in industry, its concentration is measured in human urine samples. (PMID 2739101). Phenylglyoxylic acid is one of the major urinary metabolites of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes, styrene and ethylbenzene. (PMID 3782394) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids KEIO_ID B041 Phenylglyoxylic acid (Benzoylformic acid) is a metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S) and can be used as a biomarker of exposure to EB/S in human[1]. Phenylglyoxylic acid (Benzoylformic acid) is a metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S) and can be used as a biomarker of exposure to EB/S in human[1].

5-Methyldeoxycytidine

C10H15N3O4 (241.1063)

5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933) [HMDB] 5-Methyldeoxycytidine is a dinucleotide. Methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG dinucleotides) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase, particularly in the 5′-promoter regions of mammalian genes, forms 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdc) whose levels may regulate gene expression. Levels of 5-mdc and the expression of nm23-H1 (an anti-metastatic gene identified in and human cancer lines) are highly correlated with human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. The levels of 5-mdc in the urine of patients with breast cancer is not significantly different than controls. (PMID: 17044778, 17264127, 16799933). 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2]. 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

4,4-Biphenyldiol

C12H10O2 (186.0681)

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid, also known as N-tridecanoate or C13:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tridecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tridecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Tridecanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, muskmelon, black elderberry, and coconut. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Pyrethrin

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate

C6H14O12P2 (339.9961)

Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G-1,6-P2) is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6-P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induces a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in the brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate has been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells, and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice, a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Chronic alcohol intake produces an increase in the concentration of G 1,6-P2 in human muscle before the first sign of myopathy appears. When myopathy is present the level decreases to be similar to healthy humans. These changes could contribute to the decline in skeletal muscle performance (PMID:1449560, 2018547, 2003594, 3407759). Glucose 1,6-diphosphate is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6 P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induce a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G 1,6-P2 )have been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~ 25\\%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Phenolphthalein

C20H14O4 (318.0892)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins

Brompheniramine

C16H19BrN2 (318.0732)

Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine; Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine. -- Wikipedia; Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. [HMDB] Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine; Brompheniramine (also known as Bromfed, Bromfenex, and Dimetane) is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine. -- Wikipedia; Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AB - Substituted alkylamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

Butorphanol

C21H29NO2 (327.2198)

Butorphanol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but is believed to interact with an opiate receptor site in the CNS (probably in or associated with the limbic system). The opiate antagonistic effect may result from competitive inhibition at the opiate receptor, but may also be a result of other mechanisms. Butorphanol is a mixed agonist-antagonist that exerts antagonistic or partially antagonistic effects at mu opiate receptor sites, but is thought to exert its agonistic effects principally at the kappa and sigma opiate receptors. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Temazepam

C16H13ClN2O2 (300.0666)

Temazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine that acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator and anti-anxiety agent. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA_A) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent

pyrazolate

C19H16Cl2N2O4S (438.0208)

Pirbuterol

C12H20N2O3 (240.1474)

Pirbuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic bronchodilator. In vitro studies and in vivo pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that pirbuterol has a preferential effect on beta-2 Adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. While it is recognized that beta-2 adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, data indicate that there is a population of beta-2 receptors in the human heart, existing in a concentration between 10-50\\%. The precise function of these receptors has not been established. The pharmacologic effects of beta adrenergic agonist drugs, including pirbuterol, are at least in proof attributable to stimulation through beta adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (AlP) to cyclic-3† ,5†-adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP). Increased c-AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

zectran

C12H18N2O2 (222.1368)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Nordiazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

N-demethyldiazepam, also known as nordiazepam or calmday, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. 1,4-benzodiazepines are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine. N-demethyldiazepam is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-demethyldiazepam can be found in common wheat, corn, and potato, which makes N-demethyldiazepam a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-demethyldiazepam can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. N-demethyldiazepam is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended (T3DB). Nordiazepam is a metabolite of Diazepam. Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine drug. Nordazepam, also known as desoxydemoxepam, nordiazepam and desmethyldiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepine derivatives, it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. (Wikipedia) D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3608

Trichlormethiazide

C8H8Cl3N3O4S2 (378.9022)

Trichlormethiazide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)Trichlormethiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, altering electrolyte transfer in the proximal tubule. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride, and water and, hence, diuresis. As a diuretic, Trichloromethiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like Trichloromethiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of Trichloromethiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics > D049993 - Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid

C16H32O3 (272.2351)

16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, also known as 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, is a hydroxylated fatty acid where the terminal (omega) carbon has been hydroxylated. In animal tissues, a family of enzymes termed cytochromes P450s are involved in fatty acid oxidation, hydroxylating with high specificity at the energetically unfavourable terminal (omega) or omega-1 carbons. Hydroxy fatty acids primarily come from the consumption of plant products (vegetables or fruits) or cow’s milk. Omega hydroxy fatty acids are found in the structure of suberin, a lipid polyester present in plant cell walls, and of cutin, a lipid polyester which is a component of the plant cuticle. These apoplastic structures are important plant-environment interfaces that act as barriers limiting water and nutrient loss and protecting plants from radiation and pathogens. 16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 18-hydroxystearic acid are particularly abundant in cutin in the plant cuticle. 16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid has been proposed as a biomarker of beer consumption. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid, also known as 16-hydroxypalmitic acid or 16-oh 16:0, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid can be synthesized from hexadecanoic acid. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, (3R)-3,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid, oscr#28, and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid can be found in a number of food items such as other cereal product, hyacinth bean, red rice, and elliotts blueberry, which makes 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

Undecanoic acid

C11H22O2 (186.162)

Undecanoic acid, also known as N-undecylic acid or N-undecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Undecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Undecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Undecylic acid (systematically named undecanoic acid) is a flavouring ingredient. It is a naturally-occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3(CH2)9COOH (Wikipedia). Undecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are coconut, fruits, fats and oils, and rice. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

C7H12O2 (128.0837)

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient KEIO_ID C180 Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a Valproate structural analogue with anticonvulsant action[1].

Nornicotine

C9H12N2 (148.1)

Nornicotine is an alkaloid extracted from tobacco and related to nicotine but having a lower toxicity: used as an agricultural and horticultural insecticide. An alkaloid extracted from tobacco and related to nicotine but having a lower toxicity: used as an agricultural and horticultural insecticide. [HMDB] CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3280 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2228 D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Ethylmorphine

C19H23NO3 (313.1678)

A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ethylmorphine-N-demethylase and used as an indicator of liver function. It is not marketed in the US but is approved for use in various countries around the world. In the US it is a schedule II drug (single-entity) and schedule III drug (in combination products). R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05D - Cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants > R05DA - Opium alkaloids and derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

C7H5NO4 (167.0219)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3571; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3551; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3569; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3568 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3553; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3552 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3596; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3594 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1247; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3589; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3588

Dihydromorphine

C17H21NO3 (287.1521)

Dihydromorphine is a metabolite of Hydromorphone. Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid structurally related to and derived from morphine. The 7,8-double bond in morphine is reduced to a single bond to get dihydromorphine. (Wikipedia) D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Cefadroxil

C16H17N3O5S (363.0889)

Cefadroxil is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, cephalexin derivative.Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, cefadroxil binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, causing the inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cefadroxil interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3662

3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine

C14H16N2 (212.1313)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2434

Tyrosine methylester

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

Tyrosine methylester, also known as Tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride, (L)-isomer or Tyr-ome, is classified as a tyrosine or a Tyrosine derivative. Tyrosines are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Tyrosine methylester is considered to be a slightly soluble (in water) and a very weak acidic compound. Tyrosine methylester can be found in humans. KEIO_ID T032 H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

Olopatadine

C21H23NO3 (337.1678)

Used to treat allergic conjunctivitis (itching eyes), olopatadine inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. It is a relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist that inhibits the in vivo and in vitro type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction including inhibition of histamine induced effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells. R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

Microcystin RR

C49H75N13O12 (1037.5658)

A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-arginyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl, L-arginyl, (2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens > D052998 - Microcystins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3250 CONFIDENCE standard compound; UCHEM_ID 3250; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk); EQ cyanopeptide spectra replaced with more comprehensive acquisition. CONFIDENCE standard compound; UCHEM_ID 3250; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk)

L-Prolinamide

C5H10N2O (114.0793)

Sakuranin

C22H24O10 (448.1369)

A flavanone glycoside that is sakuranetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 5 via a glycosidic linkage.

Tamsulosin

C20H28N2O5S (408.1719)

Tamsulosin is a selective antagonist at alpha-1A and alpha-1B-adrenoceptors in the prostate, prostatic capsule, prostatic urethra, and bladder neck. At least three discrete alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes have been identified: alpha-1A, alpha-1B and alpha-1D; their distribution differs between human organs and tissue. Approximately 70\\\% of the alpha1-receptors in human prostate are of the alpha-1A subtype. Blockage of these receptors causes relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder neck and prostate. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04C - Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy > G04CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models[1].

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), also known as glutaric aciduria type II (GAII), a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. Sebacic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Sebacic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition. Sebacic Acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles. Sebacic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc. It is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins. It is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials (PMID: 10556649, 1738216, 8442769, 12706375). Sebacic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms. Sebacic acid is a normal urinary acid. In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) are a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine sebacic acid excretion. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4109; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4130 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4118; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4114 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4129 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4099; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4095 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 671; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4123 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID S017 Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

2-Hydroxymyristic acid

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677).

(+)-Syringaresinol

C22H26O8 (418.1628)

(+)-syringaresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as furanoid lignans. Furanoid lignans are lignans with a structure that contains either a tetrahydrofuran ring, a furan ring, or a furofuan ring system, that arises from the joining of the two phenylpropanoid units (+)-syringaresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (+)-syringaresinol can be found in a number of food items such as radish (variety), grape wine, oat, and ginkgo nuts, which makes (+)-syringaresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)

C13H12Cl2N2 (266.0377)

KEIO_ID M142

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

pilosine

C16H18N2O3 (286.1317)

Machete

C17H26ClNO2 (311.1652)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10349; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10345 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10330; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10326 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10216; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10211 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10284; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10281 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10304; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10299 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 560; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10247; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10245 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

Futalosine

C19H18N4O7 (414.1175)

Dihomolinoleate (20:2n6)

C20H36O2 (308.2715)

Eicosadienoic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid found in human milk (PMID: 15256803). Omega-6 fatty acids are a family of unsaturated fatty acids which have in common a carbon-carbon double bond in the n−6 position; that is, the sixth bond from the end of the fatty acid. The biological effects of the omega−6 fatty acids are largely mediated by their conversion to n-6 eicosanoids that bind to diverse receptors found in every tissue of the body. Eicosadienoic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Isolated from lipids of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) Eicosadienoic acid is a rare, naturally occurring n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found mainly in animal tissues[1][2]. Eicosadienoic acid is a rare, naturally occurring n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found mainly in animal tissues[1][2].

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid or 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (the L-form) is a tyrosine metabolite. The level of L-hydroxyphenyllactic acid is elevated in patients with a deficiency of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (EC 1.14.2.2) (PMID: 4720815). L-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia (PMID: 3126358). However, the D-form of hydroxyphenyllactate is of bacterial origin and is also found in individuals with bacterial overgrowth or unusual gut microflora (PMID: 3126358). Microbial hydroxyphenyllactate is likely derived from phenolic or polyphenolic compounds in the diet. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli produce considerable amounts of phenyllactic and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acids (PMID: 23061754). It has also been shown that hydroxyphenyllactate decreases ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in both mitochondria and neutrophils and so hydroxyphenyllactate may function as a natural anti-oxidant (PMID: 23061754). Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus (PMID: 19961416). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

Cysteic acid

C3H7NO5S (169.0045)

Cysteic acid is a crystalline amino acid formed in the oxidation of cysteine; it is a precursor of taurine. A crystalline amino acid formed in the oxidation of cysteine; it is a precursor of taurine. [HMDB]

Norselegiline

C12H15N (173.1204)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

N-Nitrosodipropylamine

C6H14N2O (130.1106)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3456 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Acetylcarnitine

[C9H18NO4]+ (204.1236)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A143; [MS2] KO009087 KEIO_ID A143

N-Acetylimidazole

C5H6N2O (110.048)

3-Methylthiopropylamine

C4H11NS (105.0612)

Allantoic acid

C4H8N4O4 (176.0546)

Allantoic acid is the end product of Allantoicase [EC:3.5.3.4], an enzyme involved in uric acid degradation (Purine metabolism). Although it is commonly accepted that allantoicase is lost in mammals, it has been identified in mice and humans. (PMID 11852104). A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf. It was formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid. Isolated from coffee beans and leaves KEIO_ID A139 Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism[1][2][3].

Altanserin

C22H22FN3O2S (411.1417)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist Altanserin can synthesize Fluorine-18 Altanserin. Fluorine-18 Altanserin binds to the brain 5HT2 receptors[1].

Z-Gly-OH

C10H11NO4 (209.0688)

N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid, also known as N-Methylglutamate or (2S)-2-(methylamino)Pentanedioic acid, is classified as a glutamic acid or a Glutamic acid derivative. Glutamic acids are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic KEIO_ID M067

Acetylenedicarboxylic acid

C4H2O4 (113.9953)

KEIO_ID A128

L-3-Cyanoalanine

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

3-cyano-l-alanine, also known as L-beta-cyanoalanine or 3-cyanoalanine, (D)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. 3-cyano-l-alanine is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-cyano-l-alanine can be found in a number of food items such as conch, abiyuch, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and lemon thyme, which makes 3-cyano-l-alanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-cyano-l-alanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. L-3-Cyanoalanine, also known as L-beta-cyanoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha-amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. L-3-Cyanoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). L-3-Cyanoalanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, L-3-cyanoalanine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as summer savouries, orange bell peppers, red rices, mixed nuts, and green bell peppers. This could make L-3-cyanoalanine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside

C7H14O6 (194.079)

Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is found in cereals and cereal products. Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is present in Medicago sativa (alfalfa Methyl β-D-Galactopyranoside is an endogenous metabolite.

Moniliformin

C4H2O3 (98.0004)

2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

beta-Alanyl-L-lysine

C9H19N3O3 (217.1426)

This compound belongs to the family of Hybrid Peptides. These are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). KEIO_ID A127

3-Fluorobenzoate

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

KEIO_ID F032

Homocarnosine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883). Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H013; [MS3] KO008992 KEIO_ID H013; [MS2] KO008991 KEIO_ID H013

Epinine

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

Epinine, also known as deoxyepinephrine or deoxyadrenaline, is a member of the class of compounds known as catecholamines and derivatives. These compounds contain 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] or a derivative thereof formed by substitution. Epinine exists as a solid, and is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epinine is an alkaloid from Vicia faba and can be found in pulses. Epinine is a dopamine and epinephrine derivative. KEIO_ID E013

Butyrylcarnitine

C11H21NO4 (231.1471)

Butyrylcarnitine, also known as (3R)-3-(butyryloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate or L-carnitine butyryl ester, is classified as a member of the acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitines are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. Butyrylcarnitine is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency, in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness, and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle (OMIM: 201470). Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with acyl-coa dehydrogenase, short-chain (SCAD) deficiencyin; in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness; and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle. (OMIM 201470) [HMDB] Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

Hexylamine

C6H15N (101.1204)

Hexylamine is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. It is used as a food additive .

Indoleacetaldehyde

C10H9NO (159.0684)

Indoleacetaldehyde, also known as tryptaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-Alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. Indoleacetaldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Indoleacetaldehyde exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, indoleacetaldehyde participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, indoleacetaldehyde can be biosynthesized from tryptamine; which is mediated by the enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. In addition, indoleacetaldehyde can be converted into indoleacetic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. In humans, indoleacetaldehyde is involved in tryptophan metabolism. Outside of the human body, indoleacetaldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as nuts, turmerics, Alaska blueberries, summer savouries, and black raspberries. This could make indoleacetaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Indoleacetaldehyde is also a substrate for amine oxidase and 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase. Indoleacetaldehyde is a substrate for Retina-specific copper amine oxidase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase X (mitochondrial), Amine oxidase B, Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (dimeric NADP-preferring), Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1, Amine oxidase A, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 and Membrane copper amine oxidase. [HMDB]. 1H-Indole-3-acetaldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are oil palm, rowanberry, cherimoya, and japanese persimmon. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2-Oxovaleric acid

C5H8O3 (116.0473)

2-Oxovaleric acid is an alpha-ketoacid is a metabolite usually found in human biofluids. Ketoacids have been known to play an important part in the metabolism of valine, leucine, isoleucine. 2-Oxovaleric acid presence has been determined in human blood serum and urine in numerous scientific documents, although its origin remains unclear. (PMID: 11482739, 9869358, 3235498). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isolated from Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) 2-Oxovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood.

3'-Hydroxydaidzein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

3-Hydroxydaidzein is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of Daidzein, is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Cot (Tpl2/MAP3K8) and MKK4. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone has anticancer, anti-angiogenic, chemoprotective, and free radical scavenging activities[1][2].

Senecionine N-oxide

C18H25NO6 (351.1682)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2301 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 146 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 176 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 116 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 136 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 166 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 156 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 106 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 126 Senecionine n-oxide is the primary product of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine N-oxide has anti-cancer activity[1][2].

1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (CAS: 2906-39-0) is an enamine or an imino acid that forms upon the spontaneous dehydration of L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde in aqueous solutions. The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is an intermediate in glutamate metabolism, arginine degradation, and proline biosynthesis and degradation. It can also be converted into or be formed from three amino acids: L-glutamate, L-ornithine, and L-proline. In particular, it is synthesized via the oxidation of proline by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) (EC 1.5.1.2) or by proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) (EC 1.5.99.8). It is hydrolyzed into L-glutamate by delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH4A1) (EC 1.5.1.12). It is also one of the few metabolites that can act as a precursor to other metabolites of both the urea cycle and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Under certain conditions, pyrroline-5-carboxylate can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of pyrroline-5-carboxylate are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including hyperprolinemia type I, hyperprolinemia type II, iminoglycinuria, prolinemia type II, and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Hyperprolinemia type II results in high levels of pyrroline-5-carboxylate. People with hyperprolinemia type II have signs and symptoms that vary in severity, but they are more likely than type I to have seizures or intellectual disability. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate is highly reactive and excess quantities have been shown to cause cell death and apoptosis (PMID: 15548746). (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, also known as delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, (+-)-isomer, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate can be found in a number of food items such as beech nut, mango, oyster mushroom, and other bread, which makes (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate may be a unique E.coli metabolite.

all-trans-Phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851)

all-trans-Phytofluene is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important. (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids 7,7,8,8,11,12-Hexahydro-Carotene is a carotenoid found in human fluids.

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

This compound belongs to the family of Benzylisoquinolines. These are organic compounds containing an isoquinoline to which a benzyl group is attached.

4-Hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate

C12H14O3 (206.0943)

Lecanoricacid

C16H14O7 (318.0739)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Lecanoric acid is a histidine-decarboxylase inhibitor isolated from fungus. The inhibition by lecanoric acid is competitive with histidineand noncompetitive with pyridoxal phosphate. Lecanoric acid did not inhibit aromatic amino acid decarboxylase[1].

4-Aminoisoxazolidin-3-one

C3H6N2O2 (102.0429)

4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one is a member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group. It is a serine derivative, a member of oxazolidines, a primary amino compound and a hydroxamic acid ester.

Deltoin

C19H20O5 (328.1311)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins

Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

toxin HT 2

C22H32O8 (424.2097)

HT-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a trichothecene, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an acetate ester. HT-2 Toxin is a natural product found in Fusarium heterosporum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and other organisms with data available. A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

penitrem A

C37H44ClNO6 (633.2857)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].

Bufogein

C24H32O4 (384.23)

Bufogenin is a steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is a steroid lactone and an epoxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Resibufogenin is a natural product found in Sclerophrys mauritanica, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufogenin is a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans; it is also one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential cardiotonic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufogenin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and has been shown to reduce blood pressure in a rat model of preeclampsia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

P-Coumaraldehyde

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

p-Coumaraldehyde (CAS: 2538-87-6), also known as 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde or 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cinnamaldehydes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a cinnamlaldehyde moiety, consisting of a benzene and an aldehyde group to form 3-phenylprop-2-enal. p-Coumaraldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, p-coumaraldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red rice, lindens, peaches, white lupines, and evergreen huckleberries. This could make p-coumaraldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. p-Coumaraldehyde is also a constituent of Alpinia galanga (greater galangal) rhizomes and Cucurbita maxima. Constituent of Alpinia galanga (greater galangal) rhizomes Cucurbita maxima. (E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenal is found in many foods, some of which are climbing bean, japanese walnut, chicory leaves, and walnut.

Strictosidine

C27H34N2O9 (530.2264)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D014748 - Vinca Alkaloids Annotation level-3 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.677 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.675 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.666

Dicyclohexylamine

C12H23N (181.183)

INTERNAL_ID 2356; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2356 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

7,7',8,8'-Tetrahydrolycopene

C40H60 (540.4695)

7,7,8,8-Tetrahydrolycopene, also known as zeta-carotene, is a carotenoid found in human serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). 7,7,8,8-Tetrahydrolycopene is found in root vegetables and is a constituent of carrot oil and many other natural products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Glutaryl-CoA

C26H42N7O19P3S (881.1469)

Glutaryl-CoA is a substrate for 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (mitochondrial), Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (mitochondrial) and Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Glutaryl-CoA is a substrate for 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (mitochondrial), Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (mitochondrial) and Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).

2,3-Naphthalenediol

C10H8O2 (160.0524)

2-Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

2-Heptanone, also known as butylacetone or heptan-2-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-heptanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-Heptanone is a ketone with the molecular formula C7H14O. 2-Heptanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Heptanone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Heptanone is a sweet, cinnamon, and coconut tasting compound. 2-Heptanone is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corns, cow milk, and peppermints. 2-Heptanone has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as tarragons, blackberries, tortilla chips, ceylon cinnamons, and evergreen blackberries. 2-Heptanone is one of the metabolites of n-heptane found in the urine of employees exposed to heptane in shoe and tire factories. 2-Heptanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, crohns disease, and hepatic encephalopathy; 2-heptanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. It is a colorless to white liquid with a banana-like, fruity odor. Present in apple, morello cherry, feijoa fruit, grapes, quince, clove bud, cheeses, wines, black tea, raw shrimp, Ceylon cinnamon, rancid coconut oil and other foodstuffsand is also a minor constituent of plant oils. Flavour ingredient

Oxopent-4-enoate

C5H6O3 (114.0317)

3-Nitrophenol

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

Homophenylalanine

C10H13NO2 (179.0946)

Palmitaldehyde

C16H32O (240.2453)

Palmitaldehyde, also known as 1-hexadecanal, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty aldehydes. Fatty aldehydes are long chain aldehydes with a chain of at least 12 carbon atoms. Thus, palmitaldehyde is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Palmitaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmitaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as rose hip, lambsquarters, pak choy, and swede, which makes palmitaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Palmitaldehyde exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, palmitaldehyde is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include globoid cell leukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and sphingolipid metabolism. Palmitaldehyde is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include fabry disease, gaucher disease, and krabbe disease. Palmitaldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycosphingolipid. It is a substrate for Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1. Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1]. Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1].

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is present in coffee aroma. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is a flavouring ingredient. Present in coffee aroma. Flavouring ingredient. 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione is found in coffee and coffee products. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

5,10-Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate

C20H22N7O6+ (456.1631)

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydromethanopterin

C30H45N6O16P (776.263)

This compound belongs to the family of Alkyl Glycosides. These are lipids containing a glycosyl moiety (one or several units) linked to the hydroxyl group of a fatty alcohol.

5-hydroxy-6-methylnicotinic acid

C7H7NO3 (153.0426)

Anisole

C7H8O (108.0575)

Anisole is a flavouring agent Anisole is a precursor to perfumes, insect pheromones, and pharmaceuticals. For example, synthetic anethole is prepared from anisole. Anisole undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction more quickly than does benzene, which in turn reacts more quickly than nitrobenzene. The methoxy group is an ortho/para directing group, which means that electrophilic substitution preferentially occurs at these three sites. The enhanced nucleophilicity of anisole vs benzene reflects the influence of the methoxy group, which renders the ring more electron-rich. The methoxy group strongly affects the pi cloud of the ring, moreso than the inductive effect of the electronegative oxygen. Flavouring agent

Hydrogen selenide

H2Se (81.9322)

Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926) [HMDB] Hydrogen selenide is a metabolite of selenium which could have potential antiangiogenic effect in the chemoprevention of cancer. The hydrogen selenide is a key intermediate in the selenium methylation metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of the hydrogen selenide resulting from inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism, detoxification metabolic pathway of selenium, is found in animals following repeated administration of a toxic dose of selenocystine. The excess of the hydrogen selenide produced by inhibition of the selenium methylation metabolism contributes to the hepatotoxicity caused by selenocystine. (PMID: 9414580, 11799926).

digallate

C14H10O9 (322.0325)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Triacetic acid

C6H8O4 (144.0423)

Benzene oxide

C6H6O (94.0419)

Piperitenone

C10H14O (150.1045)

Piperitenone is a flavouring agent. It is found in grapefruit juice lemon juice, orange juice, spearmint oil and peppermint oil. It is also found in rosemary, mentha (mint), cornmint, and other herbs and spices. Piperitenone is found in citrus. Piperitenone is a flavouring agent. Piperitenone is present in grapefruit juice lemon juice, orange juice, spearmint oil and peppermint oi

Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec

C30H39N9O6 (621.3023)

2-Oxosuccinamate

C4H5NO4 (131.0219)

This compound belongs to the family of Short-chain Keto Acids and Derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

3-Chloroalanine

C3H6ClNO2 (123.0087)

6-Methylsalicylic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates

Deoxyribonolactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

Isovaleryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM 243500) an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10, a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA). IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine). (PMID: 16602101, Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006 May 15;142(2):95-103.) [HMDB]. Isovaleryl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are purple laver, alaska wild rhubarb, macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), and green zucchini. Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM: 243500), an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10), a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA. IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein-restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 Acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine) (PMID: 16602101).

Arginine, N2-benzoyl

C13H18N4O3 (278.1379)

CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID

C20H20N2O3 (336.1474)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a neurotoxic secondary metabolite (SM) made by Aspergillus flavus, is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (Ca2+ATPase; SERCA) and a potent inducer of cell death in plants[1].

Deacetylcephalosporin C

C14H19N3O7S (373.0944)

A 3-hydroxymethylcephalosporin having a (5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)amino group at the 7-position. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

DG(10:0/10:0/0:0)

C23H44O5 (400.3189)

DG(10:0/10:0/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(10:0/10:0/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.

10-Formyldihydrofolate

C20H21N7O7 (471.1502)

10-Formyldihydrofolate is a folate compound that has not been found as a component of intracellular folates in normal tissues but has been identified in the cytosol of methotrexate (MTX)-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells and normal human myeloid precursor cells. The origin of 10-formyldihydrofolate remains an enigma. Its appearance only in the extracts from MTX-treated cells is not consistent with a simple oxidation of lO-formyl-H4folate during the extraction procedure. This, however, does not exclude the occurrence of spontaneous oxidation of 10-formyl-H4folate within the intact cells prior to the folate extraction. (PMID: 3366769) [HMDB] 10-formyldihydrofolate is a folate compound that has not been found as a component of intracellular folates in normal tissues but has been identified in the cytosol of methotrexate (MTX)-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells and normal human myeloid precursor cells. The origin of 10-formyldihydrofolate remains an enigma. Its appearance only in the extracts from MTX-treated cells is not consistent with a simple oxidation of lO-formyl-H4folate during the extraction procedure. This, however, does not exclude the occurrence of spontaneous oxidation of 10-formyl-H4folate within the intact cells prior to the folate extraction. (PMID: 3366769).

3,5-Dichloro-L-tyrosine

C9H9Cl2NO3 (248.9959)

A chloroamino acid that is L-tyrosine carrying chloro- substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group.

Ethyl acetoacetate

C6H10O3 (130.063)

Ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is found in coffee and coffee products as well as in strawberry and yellow passion fruit juice. Ethyl acetoacetate is a flavouring agent. The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds, such as amino acids, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarial agents, antipyrine, aminopyrine, and vitamin B1, as well as in the manufacture of dyes, inks, lacquers, perfumes, plastics, and yellow paint pigments (Wikipedia). The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds, such as amino acids, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarial agents, antipyrine and aminopyrine, and vitamin B1; as well as the manufacture of dyes, inks, lacquers, perfumes, plastics, and yellow paint pigments. Alone, it is used as a flavoring for food.

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

C11H14NO6P (287.0559)

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate, also known as c1-(3-indolyl)-glycerol 3-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. Indole-3-glycerol phosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Indole-3-glycerol phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as german camomile, lambsquarters, other soy product, and hazelnut, which makes indole-3-glycerol phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Indole-3-glycerol phosphate may be a unique E.coli metabolite. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

4-Hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid

C8H6O4 (166.0266)

Leucopelargonidin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Leucopelargonidin (CAS: 520-17-2) is a colourless chemical compound belonging to the family of leucoanthocyanidins. Leucoanthocyanidins are flavonoids consisting of a flavan (3,4-dihydro-2-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran) moiety that carries two hydroxy groups at the C3- and C4-positions. Leucopelargonidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Leucopelargonidin can be found in a number of food items such as narrowleaf cattail, pepper (C. pubescens), macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla), and abiyuch, which makes leucopelargonidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (FooDB). Leucopelargonidin can also be found in Albizia lebbeck (East Indian walnut), in the fruit of Anacardium occidentale (cashew), in the fruit of Areca catechu (Areca nut), in the fruit of Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hindi Chaulmoogra), in the rhizome of Rumex hymenosepalus (Arizona dock), in Zea Mays (corn), and in Ziziphus jujuba (Chinese date) (Wikipedia).

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

C13H21NO10 (351.1165)

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (alternatively 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (PMID 3623000). It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus (PMID 3700379). 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an O acetylated sialic acid identified in human colon by using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (PMID 3623000) It also has been suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus. (PMID 3700379) [HMDB]

Inositol cyclic phosphate

C6H11O8P (242.0192)

Inositol cyclic phosphate is a substrate for Annexin A3. [HMDB] Inositol cyclic phosphate is a substrate for Annexin A3.

Diketogulonic acid

C6H8O7 (192.027)

Diketogulonic acid (DKG) is a metabolite of the degradation of vitamin C, the nonenzymatic hydrolysis-product of dehydroascorbate. Dehydroascorbate can be reduced back to ascorbate or hydrolyzed to DKG; the latter reaction is irreversible and DKG is devoid of antiscorbutic activity. The degradation pathway of vitamin C continues to produce l-erythrulose and oxalate as final products. DKG appears in human urine and represents approximately 20\\% of the vitamin C by-products (oxalate being approximately 44\\% and dehydroascorbate 20\\%). A major catabolic event in man is the cleavage of the molecule (presumably a spontaneous cleavage of DKG) between C2 and C3, with little if any decarboxylation. The oxalate formed in this way may contribute to the formation of kidney stones in susceptible individuals. However, the association between ascorbate supplementation and increased risk of kidney stone formation remains a matter of controversy. (PMID: 16698813, 17222174)

Imidazoleacetic acid riboside

C10H14N2O6 (258.0852)

Imidazoleacetic acid riboside is a metabolite of imidazoleacetic acid (itself histamines oxidative metabolite). (PMID: 7616240). In kidney glomeruli, histamine is predominantly catabolized to acid metabolites of the diamine oxidase (histaminase) pathway, imidazoleacetic acid and Imidazoleacetic acid riboside. (PMID: 7616240). Imidazoleacetic acid riboside is a metabolite of imidazoleacetic acid (itself histamines oxidative metabolite). (PMID: 7616240)

3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA

C48H80N7O20P3S (1199.4391)

3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in the Bile acid biosynthesis pathway (KEGG). C27-bile acyl-CoAs are converted to their (S)-stereoisomers by the enzyme Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (OMIM 604489). 3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in the Bile acid biosynthesis pathway (KEGG)

bacteriopheophytin

C55H76N4O6 (888.5765)

Methylimidazole acetaldehyde

C6H8N2O (124.0637)

Methyimidazole acetaldehyde is a metabolite of histamine. The metabolites of ethanol and acetaldehyde can successfully compete with methylimidazole acetaldehyde, since the alcohol and histamine metabolic pathways in the body have two enzymes in common, aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (PMID: 10344773) [HMDB] Methyimidazole acetaldehyde is a metabolite of histamine. The metabolites of ethanol and acetaldehyde can successfully compete with methylimidazole acetaldehyde, since the alcohol and histamine metabolic pathways in the body have two enzymes in common, aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (PMID: 10344773).

Iminoaspartic acid

C4H5NO4 (131.0219)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids Iminoaspartic acid is a substrate for D-aspartate oxidase. [HMDB] Iminoaspartic acid is a substrate for D-aspartate oxidase.

Fluoroacetic acid

C2H3FO2 (78.0117)

D010575 - Pesticides > D012378 - Rodenticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Guanosine 3'-monophosphate

C10H14N5O8P (363.058)

Guanosine 3-monophosphate, also known as 3-GMP or 3-guanylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Guanosine 3-monophosphate has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).

Diadenosine triphosphate

C20H27N10O16P3 (756.0819)

Diadenosine triphosphate (AP3A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP3A is a primer for oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by interferon-inducible 2-5A synthetase. AP3A is synthesized in cells by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS); cellular level of AP3A significantly increases after interferon treatment. AP3A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP3A accumulates in cells in response to various physiological factors. AP3A FHIT (Fragile histidine Triad) is a human tumor suppressor gene. The Fhit protein is believed to inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis through interaction with AP3A. (PMID: 11212966, 12738682, 11810214, 9607303, 8922753, 9187362, 16401072, 12833632, 11896678). Diadenosine triphosphate (AP3A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP3A is a primer for oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by interferon-inducible 2-5A synthetase. AP3A is synthesized in cells by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS); cellular level of AP3A significantly increases after interferon treatment. AP3A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP3A accumulates in cells in response to various physiological factors.

3,6-Anhydrogalactose

C6H10O5 (162.0528)

4-Chlorobiphenyl

C12H9Cl (188.0393)

Lead

Pb (207.9766)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Lead is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Like the element mercury, another heavy metal, lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates both in soft tissues and the bones. Lead can be ingested through fruits and vegetables contaminated by high levels of lead in the soils they were grown in. Soil is contaminated through particulate accumulation from lead in pipes, lead paint and residual emissions from leaded gasoline that was used before the Environment Protection Agency issue the regulation around 1980. [Wikipedia]. Lead is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, asparagus, endive, and flaxseed.

Aztreonam

C13H17N5O8S2 (435.0519)

Aztreonam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. [PubChem]The bactericidal action of aztreonam results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis due to a high affinity of aztreonam for penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). By binding to PBP3, aztreonam inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. It is possible that aztreonam interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DF - Monobactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Calcitonin

C145H240N44O48S2 (3429.7132)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

Ceftizoxime

C13H13N5O5S2 (383.0358)

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Dihydrotachysterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

Dihydrotachysterol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a vitamin D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2. [PubChem]Once hydroxylated to 25-hydroxydihydrotachysterol, the modified drug binds to the vitamin D receptor. The bound form of the vitamin D receptor serves as a transcriptional regulator of bone matrix proteins, inducing the expression of osteocalcin and suppressing synthesis of type I collagen. Vitamin D (when bound to the vitamin D receptor)stimulates the expression of a number of proteins involved in transporting calcium from the lumen of the intestine, across the epithelial cells and into blood. This stimulates intestinal calcium absorption and increases renal phosphate excretion. These are functions that are normally carried out by the parathyroid hormone. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D004872 - Ergocalciferols D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

Suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

Suprofen is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic. [PubChem]Suprofen binds to the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes, preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. Cyclooxygenase catalyses the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (itself derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A₂). Prostaglandins act (among other things) as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. The overall result is a reduction in pain and inflammation in the eyes and the prevention of pupil constriction during surgery. Normally trauma to the anterior segment of the eye (especially the iris) increases endogenous prostaglandin synthesis which leads to constriction of the iris sphincter. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Pipobroman

C10H16Br2N2O2 (353.9578)

Pipobroman is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation. [PubChem]The mechanism of action is uncertain but pipobroman is thought to alkylate DNA leading to disruption of DNA synthesis and eventual cell death. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

Methacycline

C22H22N2O8 (442.1376)

Methacycline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to tetracycline but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period. [PubChem]Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is a protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Methacycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 16S part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Tetracyclines also have been found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. This mechanism does not add to their antibiotic effects, but has led to extensive research on chemically modified tetracyclines or CMTs (like incyclinide) for the treatmet of rosacea, acne, and various types of neoplasms. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic

Benzthiazide

C15H14ClN3O4S3 (430.9835)

Benzthiazide is used to treat hypertension and edema. Like other thiazides, benzthiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic

Metipranolol

C17H27NO4 (309.194)

Metipranolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent. [PubChem]Although it is known that metipranolol binds the beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, the mechanism of metipranolols action is not known. It has no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and has only weak local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) and myocardial depressant activity. It appears that the ophthalmic beta-adrenergic blocking agents reduce aqueous humor production, as demonstrated by tonography and fluorophotometry. A slight increase in aqueous humor outflow may be an additional mechanism. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Metipranolol is a nonselective and orally active β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Metipranolol can be used for hypertension and glaucoma research[1][2].

Cinoxacin

C12H10N2O5 (262.059)

Cinoxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic antimicrobial related to oxolinic acid and nalidixic acid and used in urinary tract infections. [PubChem]Evidence exists that cinoxacin binds strongly, but reversibly, to DNA, interfering with synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis. It appears to also inhibit DNA gyrase. This enzyme is necessary for proper replicated DNA separation. By inhibiting this enzyme, DNA replication and cell division is inhibited. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

cefuroxime axetil

C20H22N4O10S (510.1057)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

Prednisolone Acetate

C23H30O6 (402.2042)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Galegine

C6H13N3 (127.1109)

Falcarinone

C17H22O (242.1671)

Isolated from Sium sisarum (skirret). Falcarinone is found in many foods, some of which are parsley, green vegetables, caraway, and coffee and coffee products. Falcarinone is found in caraway. Falcarinone is isolated from Sium sisarum (skirret).

CONDELPHINE

C25H39NO6 (449.2777)

Affinine

C20H24N2O2 (324.1838)

4,8,13-Duratriene-1,3-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Carnegine

C13H19NO2 (221.1416)

alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol

C15H24O (220.1827)

(7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a constituent of sandalwood oil. (7R,10Z)-alpha-Santal-10-en-12-ol is a flavouring agent

(S)-Actinidine

C10H13N (147.1048)

Alkaloid from Actinidia arguta (taravine) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian). (S)-Actinidine is found in many foods, some of which are kiwi, fruits, herbs and spices, and fats and oils. (S)-Actinidine is found in fats and oils. (S)-Actinidine is an alkaloid from Actinidia arguta (taravine) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian

Cajanin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Cajanin is a member of 7-methoxyisoflavones. It has a role as a metabolite. Cajanin is a natural product found in Crotalaria lachnophora, Dalbergia parviflora, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean). Cajanin is found in pigeon pea, coffee and coffee products, and pulses. Cajanin is found in coffee and coffee products. Cajanin is isolated from Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean A natural product found in Crotalaria lachnophora.

Kandelin A1

C39H32O15 (740.1741)

chlorophorin

C24H28O4 (380.1987)

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

Pseudohypericin is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene. Pseudohypericin is a natural product found in Hypericum bithynicum, Hypericum linarioides, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Supinidine

C8H13NO (139.0997)

Supinidine is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Supinidine? can be found in borage, which makes supinidine? a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Irisolidone

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Irisolidone is a major isoflavone found in Pueraria lobata flowers. Irisolidone exhibits potent hepatoprotective activity. Irisolidone shows the high efficacy for volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) blockade (IC50=9.8 μM)[1][2][3]. Irisolidone is a major isoflavone found in Pueraria lobata flowers. Irisolidone exhibits potent hepatoprotective activity. Irisolidone shows the high efficacy for volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) blockade (IC50=9.8 μM)[1][2][3].

Flindersiamine

C14H11NO5 (273.0637)

Maculine

C13H9NO4 (243.0532)

Cefpirome

C22H22N6O5S2 (514.1093)

Cefpirome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Trade names include Cefrom, Keiten, Broact, Cefir. Cefpirome is considered highly active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria. It is marketed under the brand name of CEFROM by sanofi aventis group india. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DE - Fourth-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D07649

N-Tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate

C19H41NO3S (363.2807)

CE(16:0)

C43H76O2 (624.5845)

CE(16:0), also known as cholesteryl palmitic acid, is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination of steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). CE(16:0) may also accumulate in hereditary hypercholesterolemia, an inborn error of metabolism. Cholesteryl palmitate is one of the four important lipids found in the tear film. Amniotic fluid cholesteryl palmitate, as measured by thin-layer chromatography, appears to be a very sensitive and specific predictor for the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of normal pregnancies (PMID:3405552, 16922549). Cholesteryl palmitic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl palmitate is one of the four important lipids found in the tear film. Amniotic fluid cholesteryl palmitate, as measured by thin-layer chromatography, appears to be a very sensitive and specific predictor for the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of normal pregnancies. (PMID: 3405552, 16922549) [HMDB]

cefsulodin

C22H20N4O8S2 (532.0723)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D07653

Azidopine

C27H26F3N5O5 (557.1886)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D000345 - Affinity Labels

Chromotropic acid

C10H8O8S2 (319.9661)

Sulfobromophthalein

C20H10Br4O10S2 (789.6449)

V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CE - Tests for liver functional capacity D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins D004396 - Coloring Agents Same as: D08548

N-Methylformamide

C2H5NO (59.0371)

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is one of the two major urinary biomarkers of exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a compound widely used in industries because of its extensive miscibility with water and solvents. Metabolism of NMF results in the formation of N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine and lysine in blood protein globin. (PMID: 17254560, 17254560, 16289959) [HMDB] N-Methylformamide (NMF) is one of the two major urinary biomarkers of exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a compound widely used in industries because of its extensive miscibility with water and solvents. Metabolism of NMF results in the formation of N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine and lysine in blood protein globin. (PMID: 17254560, 17254560, 16289959). C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Practolol

C14H22N2O3 (266.163)

Practolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. [PubChem]Like other beta-adrenergic antagonists, practolol competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at sympathetic receptor sites. Like propranolol and timolol, practolol binds at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the effects of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and decreasing heart rate, cardiac output, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Same as: D05587 Practolol is a potent and selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Practolol can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias[1][2][3].

SB-200646

C15H14N4O (266.1168)

Ethylketocyclazocine

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Gibberellin A14

C20H28O5 (348.1937)

avermectin B2a

C48H74O15 (890.5027)

Ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

Ascomycin is a macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent, an antifungal agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is a macrolide, an ether, a lactol and a secondary alcohol. Ascomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and Streptomyces ascomycinicus with data available. A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Ascomycin (Immunomycin; FR-900520; FK520) is an ethyl analog of Tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties. Ascomycin is also a macrocyclic polyketide antibiotic with multiple biological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-fungal and anti-spasmodic. Ascomycin prevents graft rejection and has potential for varying skin ailments research[1][2].

Yemenine A

C18H19NO5 (329.1263)

Crinamidine

C17H19NO5 (317.1263)

Papyramine

C18H23NO4 (317.1627)

Homochelidonine

C21H23NO5 (369.1576)

5-Aminopentanal

C5H11NO (101.0841)

The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites. [HMDB]. 5-Aminopentanal is found in many foods, some of which are watermelon, sorrel, medlar, and cornmint. The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites.

Lynestrenol

C20H28O (284.214)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents Same as: D01580

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)

K2SO4 (173.8791)

Flavouring agent and enhancer Same as: D01726

Cephaloglycin

C18H19N3O6S (405.0995)

Cephaloglycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cephalorsporin antibiotic.The bactericidal activity of cephaloglycin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01949

Polidocanol

C30H62O10 (582.4343)

C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05B - Antivaricose therapy > C05BB - Sclerosing agents for local injection C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2196 - Antimetastatic Agent C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System

Myebrol

C6H12Br2O4 (305.9102)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D02020

sits

C17H14N2O7S3 (453.9963)

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

1-(2-Hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one

C15H8F6N2O2 (362.049)

Chimyl alcohol

C19H40O3 (316.2977)

Promegestone

C22H30O2 (326.2246)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DB - Pregnadien derivatives Same as: D08431

equilenin

C18H18O2 (266.1307)

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mares and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

16-Ketoestradiol

C18H22O3 (286.1569)

16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. [HMDB] 16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

2,4-DB

C10H10Cl2O3 (248.0007)

Bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

Bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate is a food additive [Goodscents]. Food additive [Goodscents]

Indenestrol B

C18H18O2 (266.1307)

Cortancyl

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

Same as: D08416

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162) [HMDB] 5,6-DHET is an epoxide intermediate in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases pathway. 5,6-DHET is the hydrolysis metabolite of cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid by epoxide hydrolases. Many drugs, chemicals, and endogenous compounds are oxygenated in mammalian tissues and in some instances reactive and potentially toxic or carcinogenic epoxides are formed. Naturally occurring olefins may also be oxygenated by mammalian enzymes. The most well known are lipoxygenases and microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases. The epoxides may be chemically labile or may be enzymatically hydrolyzed. When arene or olefinic epoxides are formed by microsomal P-450-linked monooxygenases, they are often rapidly converted to less reactive trans-diols through the action of microsomal epoxide hydrolases. (PMID: 6801052, 6548162).

1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene

C10H8O2 (160.0524)

Chloroacetyl chloride

C2H2Cl2O (111.9483)

Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical. (Wikipedia)

Chloral

C2HCl3O (145.9093)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

DICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE

C2HCl3O (145.9093)

Episterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

Episterol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, episterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Episterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. Episterol is converted from 24-methylenelophenol. Episterol is converted into 5-dehydroepisterol by lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6). Episterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. Episterol is converted from 24-Methylenelophenol. Episterol is converted to 5-Dehydroepisterol by lathosterol oxidase [EC:1.14.21.6]. [HMDB]. Episterol is found in many foods, some of which are common chokecherry, eggplant, wax gourd, and red huckleberry.

6,7-Benzocoumarin

C13H8O2 (196.0524)

6alpha-Hydroxymaackiain

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Isolated from leaves of Trifolium pratense (red clover) as a phytoalexin. 6alpha-Hydroxymaackiain is found in many foods, some of which are pulses, tea, common pea, and herbs and spices. 6alpha-Hydroxymaackiain is found in common pea. 6alpha-Hydroxymaackiain is isolated from leaves of Trifolium pratense (red clover) as a phytoalexin.

Petromyzonol

C24H42O4 (394.3083)

N-Desmethyltamoxifen

C25H27NO (357.2093)

N-Desmethyltamoxifen is only found in individuals that have used or taken Tamoxifen. N-Desmethyltamoxifen is a metabolite of Tamoxifen. N-desmethyltamoxifen belongs to the family of Stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

Isophosphamide mustard

C4H11Cl2N2O2P (219.9935)

Isophosphamide mustard is a metabolite of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide (also marketed as Mitoxana and Ifex) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer. It is sometimes abbreviated IFO. (Wikipedia) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents Same as: D09364

Vanillylamine

C8H11NO2 (153.079)

Vanillylamine is prepared by reacting vanillin with hydroxylamine or the salts thereof in the presence of an organic salt, which may optionally be produced in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in an inorganic or organic acid as diluent, and subsequently hydrogenating the resulting vanillyloxime with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an organic and/or inorganic acid.It inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd. Vanillylamine is a component of capsaicin.In Pseudomonas fluorescens B56 under growing conditions, the cells metabolized vanillylamine to vanillin, and vanillin to vanillic acid and a small amount of vanillyl alcohol. Under non-growing conditions, the cells produced vanillin, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid from vanillylamine, and vanillic acid supplied to the medium was converted to protocatechuic acid. It is thus suggested that vanillylamine is metabolized to vanillic acid through vanillin by Pseudomonas fluorescens B56 in a rich medium, however, in a starving medium, the bacterial strain further metabolizes vanillic acid to protocatechuic acid. The vanillylamine metabolic activity was slowly induced by the substrate. Vanillylamine is prepared by reacting vanillin with hydroxylamine or the salts thereof in the presence of an organic salt, which may optionally be produced in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in an inorganic or organic acid as diluent, and subsequently hydrogenating the resulting vanillyloxime with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an organic and/or inorganic acid.It inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd Vanillylamine is an aralkylamino compound. It is functionally related to a vanillyl alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a vanillylamine(1+). Vanillylamine is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum with data available. Vanillylamine is a derivative of vanillin is synthesized through a transaminase reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway of capsaicinoid synthesis[1].

N-Deacetylcolchicine

C20H23NO5 (357.1576)

Deacetylcolchicine is a carbotricyclic compound, an alkaloid and a member of acetamides.N-Deacetylcolchicine has been reported in Apis cerana

Cnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Cnidilide is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofurans. Isobenzofurans are organic aromatic compounds containing an isobenzofuran moiety. Cnidilide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cnidilide can be found in wild celery, which makes cnidilide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

carthamidin

C15H12O6 (288.0634)

Kuraridinol

C26H32O7 (456.2148)

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4, 2 and 4, a methoxy group at position 6 and a 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 3 respectively.

Gomisin D

C28H34O10 (530.2152)

Gomisin D is a natural product found in Schisandra chinensis with data available. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1]. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1].

Cysteinyldopa

C12H16N2O6S (316.0729)

4-hydroxymandelic acid

C8H8O4 (168.0423)

p-Hydroxymandelic acid is an acidic metabolite of p-octopamine and p-synephrine (p-phenylephrine). It is also a naturally occurring metabolite of tyramine. A specific enantiomer of p-hydroxymandelic aicd ((R)-(-)-p-hydroxymandelic -- also called pisolithin B) has been shown to exhibit antifungal properties. An acidic metabolite of p-octopamine and p-synephrine (p-phenylephrine). It is also a naturally occurring metabolite of tyramine. A specific enantiomer of p-hydroxymandelic aicd ((R)-(-)-p-hydroxymandelic -- also called pisolithin B) has been shown to exhibit antifungal properties. [HMDB] D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids p-Hydroxymandelic acid is a valuable aromatic fine chemical and widely used for production of pharmaceuticals and food additives.

D-Histidine

C6H9N3O2 (155.0695)

1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

A 1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid that is 1-pyrroline in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group. The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (also referred to as L-P5C) is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline and arginine.[4][5][6] In prokaryotic proline biosynthesis, GSA is synthesized from γ-glutamyl phosphate by the enzyme γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase. In most eukaryotes, GSA is synthesised from the amino acid glutamate by the bifunctional enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). The human P5CS is encoded by the ALDH18A1 gene.[7][8] The enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase converts P5C into proline. In proline degradation, the enzyme proline dehydrogenase produces P5C from proline, and the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase converts GSA to glutamate. In many prokaryotes, proline dehydrogenase and P5C dehydrogenase form a bifunctional enzyme that prevents the release of P5C during proline degradation. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2906-39-0 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 2906-39-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

flurazepam

C21H23ClFN3O (387.1514)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1631

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. Rubiadin is a natural product found in Coprosma tenuicaulis, Prismatomeris tetrandra, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiviral agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a hydroxycoumarin and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a coumarin. Daphnoretin is a natural product found in Coronilla scorpioides, Edgeworthia chrysantha, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Visnagin

C13H10O4 (230.0579)

Visnagin is a furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga. It has a role as a phytotoxin, an EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a furanochromone, an aromatic ether and a polyketide. It is functionally related to a 5H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one. Visnagin is a natural product found in Ammi visnaga, Musineon divaricatum, and Actaea dahurica with data available. A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2]. Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles[1][2].

Neocnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

Sedanolide is a member of 2-benzofurans. Sedanolide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of celery oil. Neocnidilide is found in many foods, some of which are dill, coriander, wild celery, and green vegetables. Neocnidilide is found in coriander. Neocnidilide is a constituent of celery oil Sedanolide, a natural compound occurring in edible umbelliferous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2]. Sedanolide, a natural compound occurring in edible umbelliferous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2].

Corynanthin

C21H26N2O3 (354.1943)

Methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate is a yohimban alkaloid, a methyl ester and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. Methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate is a natural product found in Aspidosperma oblongum, Aspidosperma ramiflorum, and other organisms with data available. D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials > D003764 - Dental Materials

Flurazepam

C21H23ClFN3O (387.1514)

Flurazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic. [PubChem]Flurazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors. Binding potentiates the action of GABA on GABA-A receptors by opening the chloride channel within the receptor, causing chloride influx and hyperpolarization. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent

2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is found in herbs and spices. 2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is a constituent of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel). Constituent of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel). 2-Deoxy-L-ribono-1,4-lactone is found in herbs and spices.

Aldophosphamide

C7H15Cl2N2O3P (276.0197)

Detoxification of cyclophosphamide is effected, in part, by hepatic class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1)-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide, a pivotal aldehyde intermediate, to the nontoxic metabolite, carboxyphosphamide. Detoxification of aldophosphamide may also be effected by enzymes, viz. Thus, NAD-linked oxidation and NADPH-linked reduction of aldophosphamide catalyzed by relevant erythrocyte enzymes were quantified. (PMID: 9394035) Class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH-1) function as drug resistance gene products by catalyzing the irreversible conversion of aldophosphamide, an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, to an inert compound. (PMID: 9322086) D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards

L-Homocystine

C8H16N2O4S2 (268.0551)

Homocystine is the oxidized form of homocysteine. Homocystine is a dipeptide consisting of two homocysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Homocystine occurs only transiently before being reduced to homocysteine and converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfides account for >98\\\% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals (PMID 11592966). Homocystine has been shown to stereospecifically induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent lipid peroxidation in endothelial cells, thereby inducing a vascular cell type-specific oxidative stress. This vascular stress is associated with atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (PMID: 14980706). High levels of homocysteine (and homocysteine) can be found in individuals suffering from homocystinura due to cystathionine synthase deficiency (PMID: 4685596) Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

penitrem A

C37H44ClNO6 (633.2857)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].

3-Chloro-D-alanine

C3H6ClNO2 (123.0087)

11,14-Eicosadienoic acid

C20H36O2 (308.2715)

y,y-Carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,12-hexahydro-, cis-(9CI)

C40H62 (542.4851)

beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

(Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. (Rac)-Arnebin 1 ((Rac)-β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin) is the racemate of β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and/or β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin and β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin are napthoquinones isolated from Arnebia nobilis. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin (Arnebin 1) is a napthoquinone isolated from Alkanna cappadocica , increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

Methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside

C7H14O6 (194.079)

Present in Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is found in cereals and cereal products.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid

C17H14N2O7S3 (453.9963)

4alpha-Phorbol

C20H28O6 (364.1886)

AP3A-lyophilized

C20H27N10O16P3 (756.0819)

ascomycin

C43H69NO12 (791.482)

Bufogenin

C24H32O4 (384.23)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

cefuroxime axetil

C20H22N4O10S (510.1057)

Epi-Lipoxin A4

C20H32O5 (352.225)

Gabexate

C16H23N3O4 (321.1688)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor

Hexoprenaline

C22H32N2O6 (420.226)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents

Pseudohypericin

C30H16O9 (520.0794)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Benzenesulfonamide, 5-(2-((2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl)amino)propyl)-2-methoxy-

C20H28N2O5S (408.1719)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists

L-Cysteic acid

C3H7NO5S (169.0045)

Cysteinesulfonic acid, also known as (2r)-2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Cysteinesulfonic acid is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cysteinesulfonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as roman camomile, pili nut, chicory, and garden tomato, which makes cysteinesulfonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

C11:0

C11H22O2 (186.162)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Ipomic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Irisolidone

C17H14O6 (314.079)

Irisolidone is a member of 4-methoxyisoflavones. Irisolidone is a natural product found in Dalbergia sissoo, Wisteria brachybotrys, and other organisms with data available. Irisolidone is a major isoflavone found in Pueraria lobata flowers. Irisolidone exhibits potent hepatoprotective activity. Irisolidone shows the high efficacy for volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) blockade (IC50=9.8 μM)[1][2][3]. Irisolidone is a major isoflavone found in Pueraria lobata flowers. Irisolidone exhibits potent hepatoprotective activity. Irisolidone shows the high efficacy for volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) blockade (IC50=9.8 μM)[1][2][3].

1ST14176

C18H25NO6 (351.1682)

Senecionine N-oxide is a tertiary amine oxide. It is functionally related to a senecionine. Senecionine N-oxide is a natural product found in Dorobaea pimpinellifolia, Senecio gallicus, and other organisms with data available. Senecionine n-oxide is the primary product of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine N-oxide has anti-cancer activity[1][2].

Gomisin

C28H34O10 (530.2152)

Gomisin D is a natural product found in Schisandra chinensis with data available. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1]. Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1].

16-hydroxypalmitic acid

C16H32O3 (272.2351)

An omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid that is hexadecanoic acid (also known as palmitic acid) which is substituted at position 16 by a hydroxy group. It is a key monomer of cutin in the plant cuticle. 16-Hydroxy hexadecanoic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid where the terminal (omega) carbon has been hydroxylated. In animal tissues, a family of enzymes termed cytochromes P450s are involved in fatty acid oxidation, hydroxylating with high specificity at the energetically unfavorable terminal (omega) or omega-1 carbons. Hydroxy fatty acids primarily come from consumption of plant products (vegetables or fruits) or from cows milk. Omega hydroxy fatty acids are found in the structure of suberin, a lipid polyester present in plant cell walls, and of cutin, a lipid polyester which is a component of the plant cuticle. These apoplastic structures are important plant-environment interfaces which act as barriers limiting water and nutrient loss and protecting plants from radiation and pathogens. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

2-Deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone

C5H8O4 (132.0423)

3-Hydroxydaidzein

C15H10O5 (270.0528)

A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of Daidzein, is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Cot (Tpl2/MAP3K8) and MKK4. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone has anticancer, anti-angiogenic, chemoprotective, and free radical scavenging activities[1][2].

Mesaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

A dicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE

C18H15OP (278.086)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8827; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8826 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8840; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8839 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8869 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8871; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8868 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 825; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8885 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2472 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8813 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8250 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3587 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3587; CONFIDENCE standard compound

.alpha.-Cyclopiazonic acid

C20H20N2O3 (336.1474)

gabexate

C16H23N3O4 (321.1688)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor

DL-Cycloserine

C3H6N2O2 (102.0429)

zeta-Carotene

C40H60 (540.4695)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 5 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Daphnoretin

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.010 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.011 Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Agnuside

C22H26O11 (466.1475)

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

Cynaropicrin

C19H22O6 (346.1416)

Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone. Cynaropicrin is a natural product found in Pleiotaxis rugosa, Pseudostifftia kingii, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). D009676 - Noxae > D003603 - Cytotoxins Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling. Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone which can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release with IC50s of 8.24 and 3.18 μM for murine and human macrophage cells, respectively. Cynaropicrin also inhibits the increase of cartilage degradation factor (MMP13) and suppresses NF-κB signaling.

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.3705)

Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. It is formed from phytoene in a desaturation reaction leading to the formation of five conjugated double bonds. In the following step, addition of carbon-carbon conjugated double bonds leads to the formation of z-carotene and appearance of visible color.; Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytofluene is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, yellow bell pepper, caraway, and pepper (c. annuum).

Syringaresinol

C22H26O8 (418.1628)

(+)-syringaresinol is the (7alpha,7alpha,8alpha,8alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-syringaresinol. (+)-Syringaresinol is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Diospyros eriantha, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). The (7alpha,7alpha,8alpha,8alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.

Leucopelargonidin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Leucopelargonidin is a leucoanthocyanidin.

temazepam

C16H13ClN2O2 (300.0666)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1557 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8605

Nordazepam

C15H11ClN2O (270.056)

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1611

Olopatadine

C21H23NO3 (337.1678)

R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2210 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3323

Fenpropimorph

C20H33NO (303.2562)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4023 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 146

Laudanosine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.628 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.624 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2441; CONFIDENCE confident structure DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

Resibufogenin

C24H32O4 (384.23)

Annotation level-1 Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

Dehydrocholic acid

C24H34O5 (402.2406)

Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, manufactured by the oxidation of cholic acid. It acts as a hydrocholeretic, increasing bile output to clear increased bile acid load. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid is an oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug. It is an oxo-5beta-cholanic acid, a 7-oxo steroid, a 12-oxo steroid and a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate. Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid that was prepared from the oxidation of cholic acid with chromic acid. It has been used for stimulation of biliary lipid secretion. The use of dehydrocholic acid in over-the-counter products has been discontinued by Health Canada.

cinoxacin

C12H10N2O5 (262.059)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.746 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.738 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.740

Karakoline

C22H35NO4 (377.2566)

An organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is aconitane bearing hydroxy groups at the 1alpha, 8, and 14alpha positions and substituted at on the nitrogen and at positions 4 and 16beta by ethyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.396 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.391

suprofen

C14H12O3S (260.0507)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AE - Propionic acid derivatives D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

fleroxacin

C17H18F3N3O3 (369.13)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

indole-3-acetaldehyde

C10H9NO (159.0684)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Hexylamine

C6H15N (101.1204)

A 6-carbon primary aliphatic amine.

L-Homocystine

C8H16N2O4S2 (268.0551)

A homocystine in which both chiral centres have L configuration. 4,4'-Disulfanediylbis(2-aminobutanoic acid) is an endogenous metabolite. L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

Homocarnosine

C10H16N4O3 (240.1222)

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.

Sebacic acid

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid

C9H10O4 (182.0579)

Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is a tyrosine metabolite. It is carcinogenic. The level of hydroxyphenyllactic acid is elevated in patients with deficiency of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (EC 1.14.2.2). (PMID 4720815) [HMDB] Hydroxyphenyllactic acid is an antifungal metabolite.

2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds. D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds.

2-Oxovaleric acid

C5H8O3 (116.0473)

An oxopentanoic acid carrying an oxo group at position 2. 2-Oxovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood.

Tridecylic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

UNDECANOIC ACID

C11H22O2 (186.162)

A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

Allantoic acid

C4H8N4O4 (176.0546)

A member of the class of ureas that consists of acetic acid in which the two methyl hydrogens are replaced by carbamoylamino groups respectively. Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism[1][2][3].

BROMPHENIRAMINE

C16H19BrN2 (318.0732)

R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AB - Substituted alkylamines D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents

1-Methyluric acid

C6H6N4O3 (182.044)

An oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione substituted by a methyl group at N-1. It is one of the metabolites of caffeine found in human urine.

2-HEPTANONE

C7H14O (114.1045)

1-Acetylimidazole

C5H6N2O (110.048)

4-Guanidinobutyric acid

C5H11N3O2 (145.0851)

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

6-Methylmercaptopurine

C6H6N4S (166.0313)

Altanserin

C22H22FN3O2S (411.1417)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist Altanserin can synthesize Fluorine-18 Altanserin. Fluorine-18 Altanserin binds to the brain 5HT2 receptors[1].

N8-Acetylspermidine

C9H21N3O (187.1685)

Rubiadin

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1]. Rubiadin is a dihydroxy anthraquinone isolated from Rubia cordifolia. Rubiadin has a potent antixidant activity[1].

1-Methylxanthine

C6H6N4O2 (166.0491)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; MVOYJPOZRLFTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0033_1-Methylxanthine_0500fmol_180410_S2_LC02_MS02_41; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. 1-Methylxanthine, a caffeine derivative, is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP)[1]. 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells[2]. 1-Methylxanthine, a caffeine derivative, is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP)[1]. 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells[2].

triphenylphosphineoxide

C18H15OP (278.086)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1081

ethylmorphine

C19H23NO3 (313.1678)

R - Respiratory system > R05 - Cough and cold preparations > R05D - Cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants > R05DA - Opium alkaloids and derivatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals

p-Coumaraldehyde

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

Annotation level-1

2,3-cyclic AMP

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

Adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate is part of the purine metabolism pathway. In this pathway, 2,3-cyclic AMP is reversibly converted to 3-AMP via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 2-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16). (KEGG) [HMDB]

phenolphthalein

C20H14O4 (318.0892)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3720; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3717 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3689; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3687 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3685; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3683 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3891; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3888 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3687; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3684 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3922; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3920 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8029; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8028 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8044; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8074; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8092 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8078

N-Acetyl-D-tryptophan

C13H14N2O3 (246.1004)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

O-TOLUIC ACID

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. o-Toluic acid (2-Methylbenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid?substituted by a?methyl?group at position 2. O-Toluic acid plays a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.

BENZOYLFORMIC ACID

C8H6O3 (150.0317)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids Phenylglyoxylic acid (Benzoylformic acid) is a metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S) and can be used as a biomarker of exposure to EB/S in human[1]. Phenylglyoxylic acid (Benzoylformic acid) is a metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S) and can be used as a biomarker of exposure to EB/S in human[1].

methacycline

C22H22N2O8 (442.1376)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6. C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic

Hexadecanoate

C43H76O2 (624.5845)

&beta

C7H14O6 (194.079)

C13:0

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

FA 14:0;O

C14H28O3 (244.2038)

FA 6:2;O5

C6H8O7 (192.027)

Iminoaspartic acid

C4H5NO4 (131.0219)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids A succinic acid derivative having an imino group at the 2-position.

Prostaglandin C2

C20H30O4 (334.2144)

A member of the class of prostaglandins C that is prosta-5,11,13-trien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 5Z,13E,15S-stereoisomer).

5,6-DHET

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.

FAL 16:0

C16H32O (240.2453)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1]. Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1].

CoA 5:0

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

Glutaryl-CoA

C26H42N7O19P3S (881.1469)

An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of glutaric acid.

Falcarinone

C17H22O (242.1671)

pyrethrin II

C22H28O5 (372.1937)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins

Piperitenone

C10H14O (150.1045)

carthamidin

C15H12O6 (288.0634)

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 6.

ANISOLE

C7H8O (108.0575)

A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzoic acid

C12H14O3 (206.0943)

Liquorice

C42H62O16 (822.4038)

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine

C10H14N2O6 (258.0852)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents

mitobronitol

C6H12Br2O4 (305.9102)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

d-Corlin

C23H28O6 (400.1886)

dihydrotachysterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D004872 - Ergocalciferols D050071 - Bone Density Conservation Agents

DL-Aspartic Acid

C4H7NO4 (133.0375)

3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose is a member of the class of compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose can be found in pomegranate, which makes 3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Constituent of Allium chinense (rakkyo). Gitogenin 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosyl-(1->4)-galactoside] is found in onion-family vegetables. Pigment from Phytolacca americana (pokeberry). 15-Epibetanidin 5-[E-feruloyl-(->3)-apiosyl-(1->2)-glucoside] is found in fruits. Isolated from sugar cane leaves (Saccharum officinarum) Constituent of the famine food Physalis angulata (cutleaf ground cherry). 24,25-Epoxywithanolide D is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Isolated from Melilotus alba (white melilot). cis-o-Coumaric acid 2-glucoside is found in herbs and spices and pulses. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids

Potassium sulfate

K2O4S (173.8791)

Cefaloglycin

C18H19N3O6S (405.0995)

A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01949

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid

C10H10Cl2O3 (248.0007)

practolol

C14H22N2O3 (266.163)

C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Same as: D05587 Practolol is a potent and selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Practolol can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias[1][2][3].

cholesteryl palmitate

C43H76O2 (624.5845)

A cholesterol ester obtained by the formal condensation of cholesterol with palmitic acid.

Palifosfamide

C4H11Cl2N2O2P (219.9935)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D009588 - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D018906 - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating > D010752 - Phosphoramide Mustards C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents Same as: D09364

Vanillylamine

C8H11NO2 (153.079)

Vanillylamine is a derivative of vanillin is synthesized through a transaminase reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway of capsaicinoid synthesis[1].

Hexoprenaline

C22H32N2O6 (420.226)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D015149 - Tocolytic Agents

HR 810

C22H22N6O5S2 (514.1093)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DE - Fourth-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D07649

AI3-02280

C11H22O2 (186.162)

C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1]. Undecanoic acid (Undecanoate) is a monocarboxylic acid with antimycotic property, which inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum[1].

Cajinin

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

digallate

C14H10O9 (322.0325)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Heptanone

C7H14O (114.1045)

CORFREE M1

C10H18O4 (202.1205)

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Luteanin

C20H23NO4 (341.1627)

Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1]. Isocorydine is isolated from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde (DLF). Isocorydine combines with Doxorubicin (DOX) has a promising potential to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1].

Dodecanal

C12H24O (184.1827)

Cnidilide

C12H18O2 (194.1307)

1,4-Cineol

C10H18O (154.1358)

1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2]. 1,4-Cineole is a widely distributed, natural, oxygenated monoterpene[1]. 1,4-Cineole, present in Rhododendron anthopogonoides, activates both human TRPM8 and human TRPA1[2].

1330-91-2

C24H38O4 (390.277)

AI3-23868

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

Isopimpinellin

C13H10O5 (246.0528)

Isopimpinellin is found in angelica. Isopimpinellin is present in the seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) Isopimpinellin belongs to the family of Furanocoumarins. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a furan ring fused to a coumarin moeity. Isopimpinellin, an orally active compound isolated from Glomerella cingulata. Isopimpinellin blocks DNA adduct formation and skin tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Isopimpinellin possesses anti-leishmania effect[1]. Isopimpinellin, an orally active compound isolated from Glomerella cingulata. Isopimpinellin blocks DNA adduct formation and skin tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Isopimpinellin possesses anti-leishmania effect[1].

Anizol

C7H8O (108.0575)

Veratral

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Veratraldehyde is an important chemical used in perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Levamfetamine

C9H13N (135.1048)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

palmitoyl

C16H32O (240.2453)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1]. Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1].

ANISIC ACID

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1]. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties[1].

614-75-5

C8H8O3 (152.0473)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU).

Mesaconate

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Obtusifoliol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1]. Obtusifoliol is a specific CYP51 inhibitor, Obtusifoliol shows the affinity with Kd values of 1.2 μM and 1.4 μM for Trypanosoma brucei (TB) and human CYP51, respectively[1].

Actinidine

C10H13N (147.1048)

A member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine bearing two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 7.

Thymelol

C19H12O7 (352.0583)

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2]. Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity[1]. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst[2].

Butanex

C17H26ClNO2 (311.1652)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

E160E

C30H40O (416.3079)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1]. β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1].

alpha-Santalol

C15H24O (220.1827)

Constituent of sandalwood oil. Flavouring agent

CID 11953986

C48H74O15 (890.5027)

N-Deacetylcolchicine

C20H23NO5 (357.1576)

n-[(2r)-1-Phenylpropan-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1-amine

C12H15N (173.1204)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Isoarnebin I

C21H22O6 (370.1416)

Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin is a natural product found in Alkanna cappadocica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1]. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. , promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway.β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin has anti-tumor activity[1].

LeachianoneG

C20H20O6 (356.126)

Leachianone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a leachianone G(1-). Leachianone G is a natural product found in Morus alba, Sophora flavescens, and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya with data available. A tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position.

Apocarotenal

C30H40O (416.3079)

8-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8-al is an apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 8-position. It is an enal and an apo carotenoid triterpenoid. Apocarotenal is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Palisota barteri, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1]. β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1].

pipobroman

C10H16Br2N2O2 (353.9578)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

benzthiazide

C15H14ClN3O4S3 (430.9835)

C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic

trichlormethiazide

C8H8Cl3N3O4S2 (378.9022)

C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03A - Low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides > C03AA - Thiazides, plain D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics > D049993 - Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49185 - Thiazide Diuretic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

ethyl acetoacetate

C6H10O3 (130.063)

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.

Acetone cyanohydrin

C4H7NO (85.0528)

FLUOROACETIC ACID

C2H3FO2 (78.0117)

D010575 - Pesticides > D012378 - Rodenticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Metipranolol

C17H27NO4 (309.194)

3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01ED - Beta blocking agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Metipranolol is a nonselective and orally active β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Metipranolol can be used for hypertension and glaucoma research[1][2].

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione

C9H8O2 (148.0524)

An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2]. 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].

N-Nitrosodipropylamine

C6H14N2O (130.1106)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

ceftizoxime

C13H13N5O5S2 (383.0358)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins A parenteral third-generation cephalosporin, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

butorphanol

C21H29NO2 (327.2198)

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02A - Opioids > N02AF - Morphinan derivatives D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D000996 - Antitussive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

PIRBUTEROL

C12H20N2O3 (240.1474)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03C - Adrenergics for systemic use > R03CC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AC - Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

hexadecanal

C16H32O (240.2453)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1]. Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals[1].

Cefadroxil

C16H17N3O5S (363.0889)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

O-Acetylcarnitine

C9H18NO4+ (204.1236)

4-NITROBENZOIC ACID

C7H5NO4 (167.0219)

4-CHLOROBIPHENYL

C12H9Cl (188.0393)

Isovaleryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727)

A methylbutanoyl-CoA is the S-isovaleryl derivative of coenzyme A.

N-Acetylornithine

C7H14N2O3 (174.1004)

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Benzene oxide

C6H6O (94.0419)

3-FLUOROBENZOIC ACID

C7H5FO2 (140.0274)

L-Homophenylalanine

C10H13NO2 (179.0946)

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is an analogue of L-phenylalanine having a 2-phenylethyl rather than a benzyl side-chain.

2-Butynedioic acid

C4H2O4 (113.9953)

Digallic acid

C14H10O9 (322.0325)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

furoic acid

C3H7NO5S (169.0045)

The L-enantiomer of cysteic acid.

N-methyl-L-glutamic acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)

A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid with L-glutamic acid as the amino acid component.

Deoxyepinephrine

C9H13NO2 (167.0946)

3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO2 (113.0477)

H-Tyr-OMe

C10H13NO3 (195.0895)

H-Tyr-OMe, an amino acid, is an endogenous metabolite[1].

3-cyano-L-alanine

C4H6N2O2 (114.0429)

A cyanoamino acid that is the 3-cyano-derivative of L-alanine.

10-Formyldihydrofolate

C20H21N7O7 (471.1502)

GUANOSINE-3-monophosphATE

C10H14N5O8P (363.058)

Methylimidazole acetaldehyde

C6H8N2O (124.0637)

(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine

C18H21NO3 (299.1521)

The (S)-enantiomer of N-methylcoclaurine.

Cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate

C11H14NO6P (287.0559)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents The (1S,2R)-diastereomer of 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate.

1D-Myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate

C6H11O8P (242.0192)

2,3-Diketogulonic Acid

C6H8O7 (192.027)

A carbohydrate acid formally derived from gulonic acid by oxidation of the -OH groups at positions 2 and 3 to keto groups.

cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoic acid

C5H6O3 (114.0317)

The cis-isomer of 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoic acid.

Triacetate

C6H8O4 (144.0423)

3,6-Anhydro-D-galactose

C6H10O5 (162.0528)

Azactam

C13H17N5O8S2 (435.0519)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

beta-Alanyl-L-lysine

C9H19N3O3 (217.1426)

3-O-Acetylhamayne

C18H19NO5 (329.1263)

p-Benzosemiquinone

C6H5O2 (109.029)

CID 443409

C19H25NO2 (299.1885)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

2-Oxosuccinamic acid

C4H5NO4 (131.0219)

Pentitol, 1-(4-((1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)-1-deoxy-5-O-(5-O-((1,3-dicarboxypropoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl)-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-, (16alpha)-

C30H45N6O16P (776.263)

Trichloroacetaldehyde

C2HCl3O (145.9093)

An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic

Potassium sulfate

K2SO4 (173.8791)

Same as: D01726

Dihydromorphine

C17H21NO3 (287.1521)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics

Polidocanol

C30H62O10 (582.4343)

C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05B - Antivaricose therapy > C05BB - Sclerosing agents for local injection C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2196 - Antimetastatic Agent C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System

Bufuralol

C16H23NO2 (261.1729)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].

N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine

C12H23N (181.183)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Butachlore

C17H26ClNO2 (311.1652)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D016573 - Agrochemicals

3-Nitrophenol

C6H5NO3 (139.0269)

Butyrylcarnitine

C11H21NO4 (231.1471)

Butyrylcarnitine is a metabolite in plasma, acts as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, and is indicative of anomalous lipid and energy metabolism.

Icosadienoic acid

C20H36O2 (308.2715)

Episterol

C28H46O (398.3548)

5-Aminopentanal

C5H11NO (101.0841)

An omega-aminoaldehyde that is pentanal which is substituted at position 5 by an amino group. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-lysine derived alkaloids.

DL-Thyroxine

C15H11I4NO4 (776.6867)

C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1553 - Thyroid Agent

N-METHYLFORMAMIDE

C2H5NO (59.0371)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

CHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE

C2H2Cl2O (111.9483)

BENZOHYDROQUINONE

C10H8O2 (160.0524)

3,3-dimethylbenzidine

C14H16N2 (212.1313)

Diisooctyl phthalate

C24H38O4 (390.277)

PCB 52

C12H6Cl4 (289.9224)

D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls

4-Ene-vpa

C8H14O2 (142.0994)

D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens

Isopropyl adipate

C12H22O4 (230.1518)

Adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525)

N-Desmethyltamoxifen

C25H27NO (357.2093)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

6alpha-Hydroxymaackiain

C16H12O6 (300.0634)

Benzenesulfonamide, 5-(2-((2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl)amino)propyl)-2-methoxy-

C20H28N2O5S (408.1719)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists

NS-1619

C15H8F6N2O2 (362.049)

Azidopine

C27H26F3N5O5 (557.1886)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D000345 - Affinity Labels

Zwittergent 3-14

C19H41NO3S (363.2807)

N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

C13H21NO10 (351.1165)

Supinidine

C8H13NO (139.0997)

17-ethyl-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene

C21H36 (288.2817)