Flurazepam (BioDeep_00000018002)
human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs
代谢物信息卡片
7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
化学式: C21H23ClFN3O (387.1514)
中文名称: 氟西泮
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 52.78%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CCN(CC)CCN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3F
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H23ClFN3O/c1-3-25(4-2)11-12-26-19-10-9-15(22)13-17(19)21(24-14-20(26)27)16-7-5-6-8-18(16)23/h5-10,13H,3-4,11-12,14H2,1-2H3
描述信息
Flurazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic. [PubChem]Flurazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors. Binding potentiates the action of GABA on GABA-A receptors by opening the chloride channel within the receptor, causing chloride influx and hyperpolarization.
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent
同义名列表
25 个代谢物同义名
7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one; Allphar brand OF flurazepam monohydrochloride; Apotex brand OF flurazepam monohydrochloride; ICN brand OF flurazepam monohydrochloride; Dolorgiet brand OF flurazepam; Monohydrochloride, flurazepam; mono-Perchlorate, flurazepam; Flurazepam monohydrochloride; Dihydrochloride, flurazepam; Flurazepam mono perchlorate; Flurazepam mono-perchlorate; Flurazepam dihydrochloride; Hydrochloride, flurazepam; Flurazepam hydrochloride; Apo flurazepam; Apo-flurazepam; Flurazepam HCL; Flurazepamum; Staurodorm; flurazepam; Dalmadorm; Ro 5-6901; Dormodor; Dalmane; Insumin
数据库引用编号
10 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:5128
- PubChem: 3393
- HMDB: HMDB0014828
- DrugBank: DB00690
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL968
- Wikipedia: Flurazepam
- MeSH: Flurazepam
- chemspider: 3276
- CAS: 17617-23-1
- PMhub: MS000001600
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
Cell reports.
2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi:
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017] - Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology.
2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi:
10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284] - Yu-Dong Jeong, Min Kyung Kim, Sung Ill Suh, Moon Kyo In, Jin Young Kim, Ki-Jung Paeng. Rapid determination of benzodiazepines, zolpidem and their metabolites in urine using direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Forensic science international.
2015 Dec; 257(?):84-92. doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.043. [PMID: 26282513] - Jing Zhou, Koji Yamaguchi, Youkichi Ohno. Quantitative analysis of quazepam and its metabolites in human blood, urine, and bile by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Forensic science international.
2014 Aug; 241(?):e5-12. doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.027. [PMID: 24856286] - Susanne Vogt, Jürgen Kempf, Jürgen Buttler, Volker Auwärter, Wolfgang Weinmann. Desalkylflurazepam found in patients' samples after high-dose midazolam treatment.
Drug testing and analysis.
2013 Sep; 5(9-10):745-7. doi:
10.1002/dta.1484. [PMID: 23713025] - Charles Mikel, Amadeo J Pesce, Murray Rosenthal, Cameron West. Therapeutic monitoring of benzodiazepines in the management of pain: current limitations of point of care immunoassays suggest testing by mass spectrometry to assure accuracy and improve patient safety.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.
2012 Aug; 413(15-16):1199-202. doi:
10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.017. [PMID: 22484396] - Ruth Verplaetse, Eva Cuypers, Jan Tytgat. The evaluation of the applicability of a high pH mobile phase in ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like hypnotics in urine and blood.
Journal of chromatography. A.
2012 Aug; 1249(?):147-54. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.023. [PMID: 22749457] - Sevasti Karampela, Ioanna Vardakou, Ioannis Papoutsis, Artemis Dona, Chara Spiliopoulou, Sotirios Athanaselis, Constantinos Pistos. Direct urine analysis for the identification and quantification of selected benzodiazepines for toxicology screening.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2012 Aug; 902(?):42-6. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.012. [PMID: 22790390] - Tharaka Dassanayake, Patricia Michie, Gregory Carter, Alison Jones. Effects of benzodiazepines, antidepressants and opioids on driving: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological and experimental evidence.
Drug safety.
2011 Feb; 34(2):125-56. doi:
10.2165/11539050-000000000-00000. [PMID: 21247221] - Offie P Soldin, Sarah H Chung, Donald R Mattison. Sex differences in drug disposition.
Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology.
2011; 2011(?):187103. doi:
10.1155/2011/187103. [PMID: 21403873] - David Buttar, Nicola Colclough, Stefan Gerhardt, Philip A MacFaul, Scott D Phillips, Alleyn Plowright, Paul Whittamore, Kin Tam, Klaus Maskos, Stefan Steinbacher, Holger Steuber. A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2010 Nov; 18(21):7486-96. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.052. [PMID: 20869876] - Monique A J Mets, Edmund R Volkerts, Berend Olivier, Joris C Verster. Effect of hypnotic drugs on body balance and standing steadiness.
Sleep medicine reviews.
2010 Aug; 14(4):259-67. doi:
10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.008. [PMID: 20171127] - Stephanie J Marin, Gwendolyn A McMillin. LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites in urine, serum, plasma, and meconium.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).
2010; 603(?):89-105. doi:
10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_9. [PMID: 20077062] - Oliver Zolk, Thomas F Solbach, Jörg König, Martin F Fromm. Functional characterization of the human organic cation transporter 2 variant p.270Ala>Ser.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2009 Jun; 37(6):1312-8. doi:
10.1124/dmd.108.023762. [PMID: 19251820] - Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Tomofumi Ohmori, Yoshinori Itoh, Masato Terashita, Kazuyuki Hirano. Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2009 Apr; 23(4):357-64. doi:
10.1002/bmc.1122. [PMID: 18937304] - Jaime M Monti, S R Pandi-Perumal. Eszopiclone: its use in the treatment of insomnia.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.
2007 Aug; 3(4):441-53. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19300573] - Sofia A C Lima, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Baltazar de Castro, Paula Gameiro. Sensitivity of P-glycoprotein tryptophan residues to benzodiazepines and ATP interaction.
Biophysical chemistry.
2007 Jan; 125(1):143-50. doi:
10.1016/j.bpc.2006.07.006. [PMID: 16919386] - Franz E Dussy, Cornelia Hamberg, Thomas A Briellmann. Quantification of benzodiazepines in whole blood and serum.
International journal of legal medicine.
2006 Nov; 120(6):323-30. doi:
10.1007/s00414-005-0042-1. [PMID: 16220317] - Simona Martello, Antonio Oliva, Fabio De Giorgio, Marcello Chiarotti. Acute flurazepam intoxication: a case report.
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.
2006 Mar; 27(1):55-7. doi:
10.1097/01.paf.0000201106.59902.fb. [PMID: 16501350] - Victoria F Safiulina, Giorgia Fattorini, Fiorenzo Conti, Enrico Cherubini. GABAergic signaling at mossy fiber synapses in neonatal rat hippocampus.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
2006 Jan; 26(2):597-608. doi:
10.1523/jneurosci.4493-05.2006. [PMID: 16407558] - Boni Elewski, Amir Tavakkol. Safety and tolerability of oral antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal nail disease: a proven reality.
Therapeutics and clinical risk management.
2005 Dec; 1(4):299-306. doi:
. [PMID: 18360572] - Clare Joyce, W Franklin Smyth, Venkataraman N Ramachandran, Edmund O'Kane, Daniel J Coulter. The characterisation of selected drugs with amine-containing side chains using electrospray ionisation and ion trap mass spectrometry and their determination by HPLC-ESI-MS.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2004 Nov; 36(3):465-76. doi:
10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.026. [PMID: 15522519] - Carsten Kratzsch, Oliver Tenberken, Frank T Peters, Armin A Weber, Thomas Kraemer, Hans H Maurer. Screening, library-assisted identification and validated quantification of 23 benzodiazepines, flumazenil, zaleplone, zolpidem and zopiclone in plasma by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.
Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.
2004 Aug; 39(8):856-72. doi:
10.1002/jms.599. [PMID: 15329838] - Teemu Gunnar, Sirpa Mykkänen, Kari Ariniemi, Pirjo Lillsunde. Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2004 Jul; 806(2):205-19. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.04.005. [PMID: 15171931] - Kimiyasu Kato, Norio Yasui-Furukori, Takashi Fukasawa, Toshiaki Aoshima, Akihito Suzuki, Muneaki Kanno, Koichi Otani. Effects of itraconazole on the plasma kinetics of quazepam and its two active metabolites after a single oral dose of the drug.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
2003 Aug; 25(4):473-7. doi:
10.1097/00007691-200308000-00010. [PMID: 12883232] - Karen S Scott, Yuji Nakahara. A study into the rate of incorporation of eight benzodiazepines into rat hair.
Forensic science international.
2003 Apr; 133(1-2):47-56. doi:
10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00049-5. [PMID: 12742689] - Ahmed A Omran, Keisuke Kitamura, Shigehiko Takegami, Manabu Kume, Megumi Yoshida, Abdel Aziz Y El-Sayed, Mahmoud H Mohamed, Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb. 19F NMR spectrometric determination of the partition coefficients of some fluorinated psychotropic drugs between phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles and water.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2002 Nov; 30(4):1087-92. doi:
10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00438-7. [PMID: 12408899] - Ahmed Ahmed Omran, Keisuke Kitamura, Shigehiko Takegami, Tatsuya Kitade, Abdel-Aziz Youssef El-Sayed, Mahmoud Hamed Mohamed, Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb. Effect of phosphatidylserine content on the partition coefficients of diazepam and flurazepam between phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine bilayer of small unilamellar vesicles and water studied by second derivative spectrophotometry.
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2002 Mar; 50(3):312-5. doi:
10.1248/cpb.50.312. [PMID: 11911192] - D Borrey, E Meyer, W Lambert, C Van Peteghem, A P De Leenheer. Simultaneous determination of fifteen low-dosed benzodiazepines in human urine by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.
2001 Dec; 765(2):187-97. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00419-4. [PMID: 11767312] - A A Omran, K Kitamura, S Takegami, A A El-Sayed, M Abdel-Mottaleb. Determination of partition coefficients of diazepam and flurazepam between phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles and water by second derivative spectrophotometric method.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2001 May; 25(2):319-24. doi:
10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00503-3. [PMID: 11275439] - E Beier, K Bischoff. Flurazepam toxicosis in two dogs.
Veterinary and human toxicology.
1997 Dec; 39(6):352-4. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 9397505] - I König, G Skopp, G Schmitt, R Mattern. [Storage stability of flunitrazepam, flurazepam, diazepam and metabolites in blood and plasma].
Archiv fur Kriminologie.
1997 Jul; 200(1-2):17-24. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 9382686] - K Kumar, J A Ballantyne, A B Baker. Determination of droperidol in plasma by liquid chromatography.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
1996 Aug; 14(11):1529-33. doi:
10.1016/0731-7085(96)01797-9. [PMID: 8877859] - G McGrath, W F Smyth. Large-volume sample stacking of selected drugs of forensic significance by capillary electrophoresis.
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications.
1996 May; 681(1):125-31. doi:
10.1016/0378-4347(95)00486-6. [PMID: 8798921] - M Tomita, T Okuyama. Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous screening and quantitation of benzodiazepines.
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications.
1996 Apr; 678(2):331-7. doi:
10.1016/0378-4347(95)00512-9. [PMID: 8738039] - G Wong, T Lyon, P Skolnick. Chronic exposure to benzodiazepine receptor ligands uncouples the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor in WSS-1 cells.
Molecular pharmacology.
1994 Dec; 46(6):1056-62. doi:
. [PMID: 7808424] - I M McIntyre, M L Syrjanen, K L Lawrence, C A Dow, O H Drummer. A fatality due to flurazepam.
Journal of forensic sciences.
1994 Nov; 39(6):1571-4. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 7815036] - D Song, S Zhang, K Kohlhof. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites in mouse and rat plasma.
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications.
1994 Aug; 658(1):142-8. doi:
10.1016/0378-4347(94)00210-x. [PMID: 7952115] - L A Berrueta, B Gallo, F Vicente. Biopharmacological data and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological fluids: a review.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
1992 Feb; 10(2-3):109-36. doi:
10.1016/0731-7085(92)80019-j. [PMID: 1356446] - C Y Lui, G L Amidon, A Goldberg. Intranasal absorption of flurazepam, midazolam, and triazolam in dogs.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
1991 Dec; 80(12):1125-9. doi:
10.1002/jps.2600801207. [PMID: 1815070] - I M Johansson, R Pavelka, J D Henion. Determination of small drug molecules by capillary electrophoresis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography.
1991 Oct; 559(1-2):515-28. doi:
10.1016/0021-9673(91)80099-3. [PMID: 1761632] - J M Hilbert, D Battista. Quazepam and flurazepam: differential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
1991 Sep; 52 Suppl(?):21-6. doi:
. [PMID: 1680120] - C E Lau, S Dolan, M Tang, J L Falk. Behavioral tolerance to flurazepam.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.
1991 Apr; 38(4):823-7. doi:
10.1016/0091-3057(91)90249-2. [PMID: 1871197] - T Stebler, T W Guentert. Determination of diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma in the presence of oxazepam and temazepam.
Journal of chromatography.
1991 Mar; 564(1):330-7. doi:
10.1016/0378-4347(91)80099-x. [PMID: 1860930] - P Lillsunde, T Seppälä. Simultaneous screening and quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines by dual-channel gas chromatography using electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
Journal of chromatography.
1990 Nov; 533(?):97-110. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82190-8. [PMID: 2081783] - D A Chernik, L C Johnson, L Kanitra. Sleep, performance, and plasma levels in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam: methodology.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.
1990 Aug; 10(4 Suppl):10S-19S. doi:
10.1097/00004714-199008001-00003. [PMID: 2229457] - L C Johnson, D A Chernik, M J Sateia. Sleep, performance, and plasma levels in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam: an introduction.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.
1990 Aug; 10(4 Suppl):5S-9S. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 2121802] - E Ellinwood, M Linnoila, G Marsh. Plasma concentrations of flurazepam and midazolam in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use and their relationship to therapeutic effects and next-day performance and mood.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.
1990 Aug; 10(4 Suppl):68S-75S. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 2229465] - D Chen, D A Chernik, E Ellinwood, P Hauri, L C Johnson, L L Judd, D F Kripke, M Linnoila, H Moskowitz, T Roth. A multicenter study of sleep, performance, and plasma levels in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam: executive summary.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.
1990 Aug; 10(4 Suppl):3S-4S. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 2229461] - N Barzaghi, L Leone, M Monteleone, G Tomasini, E Perucca. Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects.
European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
1989 Oct; 14(4):293-8. doi:
10.1007/bf03190114. [PMID: 2633923] - K Selinger, D Lessard, H M Hill. Simultaneous determination of flurazepam and its metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Journal of chromatography.
1989 Sep; 494(?):247-56. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82673-0. [PMID: 2584322] - S Dragna, C Aubert, J P Cano. Direct liquid inlet liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric identification and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a benzodiazepine glucuronide.
Biomedical & environmental mass spectrometry.
1989 Jun; 18(6):359-62. doi:
10.1002/bms.1200180602. [PMID: 2765696] - D J Greenblatt, J S Harmatz, N Engelhardt, R I Shader. Pharmacokinetic determinants of dynamic differences among three benzodiazepine hypnotics. Flurazepam, temazepam, and triazolam.
Archives of general psychiatry.
1989 Apr; 46(4):326-32. doi:
10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810040032006. [PMID: 2564763] - K Schaffler, G Kauert, C H Wauschkuhn, W Klausnitzer. Longitudinal study on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of acute, steady-state and withdrawn quazepam.
Arzneimittel-Forschung.
1989 Feb; 39(2):276-83. doi:
. [PMID: 2567171] - S K Gupta, E H Ellinwood. Liquid chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetics of quazepam and its metabolites following sublingual administration of quazepam.
Pharmaceutical research.
1988 Jun; 5(6):365-8. doi:
10.1023/a:1015907611170. [PMID: 3244647] - Z Salama, B Schraufstetter, H Jaeger. Determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites N-1-hydroxyethyl- and N-1-desalkylflurazepam in plasma by capillary gas chromatography.
Arzneimittel-Forschung.
1988 Mar; 38(3):400-3. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 3382464] - A S Gevins, R K Stone, S D Ragsdale. Differentiating the effects of three benzodiazepines on non-REM sleep EEG spectra. A neural-network pattern classification analysis.
Neuropsychobiology.
1988; 19(2):108-15. doi:
10.1159/000118444. [PMID: 2906410] - L G Miller, D J Greenblatt, D R Abernethy, H Friedman, M D Luu, S M Paul, R I Shader. Kinetics, brain uptake, and receptor binding characteristics of flurazepam and its metabolites.
Psychopharmacology.
1988; 94(3):386-91. doi:
10.1007/bf00174694. [PMID: 2833762] - H R Ochs, D J Greenblatt, E S Burstein, W Eichelkraut, N Hahn. Pharmacokinetics and CSF entry of flurazepam in dogs.
Pharmacology.
1988; 36(3):166-71. doi:
10.1159/000138380. [PMID: 3368503] - C E Lau, J L Falk, S Dolan, M Tang. Simultaneous determination of flurazepam and five metabolites in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in rats.
Journal of chromatography.
1987 Dec; 423(?):251-9. doi:
10.1016/0378-4347(87)80348-1. [PMID: 3443656] - H R Ochs, D J Greenblatt, W Eichelkraut, C Bakker, R Göbel, N Hahn. Hepatic vs. gastrointestinal presystemic extraction of oral midazolam and flurazepam.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
1987 Dec; 243(3):852-6. doi:
. [PMID: 3694534] - E J Fazackerley, N P Randall, B J Pleuvry, I Bradbrook, G E Mawer. The respiratory effects of oral ethyl loflazepate in volunteers.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.
1987 Feb; 23(2):183-7. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03027.x. [PMID: 2881572] - U Busto, E M Sellers, C A Naranjo, H Cappell, M Sanchez-Craig, K Sykora. Withdrawal reaction after long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines.
The New England journal of medicine.
1986 Oct; 315(14):854-9. doi:
10.1056/nejm198610023151403. [PMID: 3092053] - J M Hilbert, L Iorio, V Moritzen, A Barnett, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. Relationships of brain and plasma levels of quazepam, flurazepam, and their metabolites with pharmacological activity in mice.
Life sciences.
1986 Jul; 39(2):161-8. doi:
10.1016/0024-3205(86)90451-0. [PMID: 3724367] - R M Berlin. Hypnotics in renal failure.
Psychosomatics.
1986 Jul; 27(7):537-8. doi:
10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72663-7. [PMID: 3737845] - A G Chapman. Valproate and myoclonus.
Advances in neurology.
1986; 43(?):661-74. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 3080855] - A L De Blas, L Sangameswaran, S A Haney, D Park, C J Abraham, C A Rayner. Monoclonal antibodies to benzodiazepines.
Journal of neurochemistry.
1985 Dec; 45(6):1748-53. doi:
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb10530.x. [PMID: 2997395] - M Gavish, F Fares. Solubilization of peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites from rat kidney.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
1985 Nov; 5(11):2889-93. doi:
10.1523/jneurosci.05-11-02889.1985. [PMID: 2997409] - N Zampaglione, J M Hilbert, J Ning, M Chung, R Gural, S Symchowicz. Disposition and metabolic fate of 14C-quazepam in man.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
1985 Jan; 13(1):25-9. doi:
. [PMID: 2858372] - C C Chiueh, M Ohata, L A Jonas, D J Greenblatt, S I Rapoport. Brain uptake of flurazepam and of N1-desalkyl flurazepam after administration of flurazepam to the cat.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
1985 Jan; 13(1):1-4. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 2858364] - C G Swift, M R Swift, J Hamley, I H Stevenson, J Crooks. Side-effect 'tolerance' in elderly long-term recipients of benzodiazepine hypnotics.
Age and ageing.
1984 Nov; 13(6):335-43. doi:
10.1093/ageing/13.6.335. [PMID: 6440434] - J M Hilbert, R P Gural, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. Excretion of quazepam into human breast milk.
Journal of clinical pharmacology.
1984 Oct; 24(10):457-62. doi:
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01819.x. [PMID: 6150944] - J M Hilbert, M Chung, E Radwanski, R Gural, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. Quazepam kinetics in the elderly.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
1984 Oct; 36(4):566-9. doi:
10.1038/clpt.1984.220. [PMID: 6478742] - H J Little, A R Bichard. Differential effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 after 'general anaesthetic' doses of benzodiazepines in mice.
British journal of anaesthesia.
1984 Oct; 56(10):1153-60. doi:
10.1093/bja/56.10.1153. [PMID: 6148095] - F de Jonghe, E H Ameling, F Jonkers, C Folkers, R V Schwarz. Flurazepam and temazepam in the treatment of insomnia in a general hospital population.
Pharmacopsychiatry.
1984 Jul; 17(4):133-5. doi:
10.1055/s-2007-1017423. [PMID: 6147866] - J Hilbert, B Pramanik, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. The disposition and metabolism of a hypnotic benzodiazepine, quazepam, in the hamster and mouse.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
1984 Jul; 12(4):452-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 6148212] - J M Hilbert, M Chung, G Maier, R Gural, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. Effect of sleep on quazepam kinetics.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
1984 Jul; 36(1):99-104. doi:
10.1038/clpt.1984.146. [PMID: 6734056] - D J Greenblatt, D R Abernethy, H H Koepke, R I Shader. Interaction of cimetidine with oxazepam, lorazepam, and flurazepam.
Journal of clinical pharmacology.
1984 Apr; 24(4):187-93. doi:
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01829.x. [PMID: 6144699] - M Chung, J M Hilbert, R P Gural, E Radwanski, S Symchowicz, N Zampaglione. Multiple-dose quazepam kinetics.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
1984 Apr; 35(4):520-4. doi:
10.1038/clpt.1984.70. [PMID: 6705450] - S F Cooper, D Drolet, R Dugal. Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of flurazepam in human subjects.
Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition.
1984 Apr; 5(2):127-39. doi:
10.1002/bdd.2510050206. [PMID: 6743781] - M M Mitler, W F Seidel, J van den Hoed, D J Greenblatt, W C Dement. Comparative hypnotic effects of flurazepam, triazolam, and placebo: a long-term simultaneous nighttime and daytime study.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.
1984 Feb; 4(1):2-13. doi:
. [PMID: 6141188] - R Jochemsen, D D Breimer. Pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines: metabolic pathways and plasma level profiles.
Current medical research and opinion.
1984; 8 Suppl 4(?):60-79. doi:
10.1185/03007998409109545. [PMID: 6144464] - G Rodriguez, G Rosadini, W G Sannita, E Strumia. Effects of doxefazepam on normal sleep. An EEG and neuropsychological study.
Neuropsychobiology.
1984; 11(2):133-9. doi:
10.1159/000118066. [PMID: 6483162] - L C Johnson, C L Spinweber, W F Seidel, W C Dement. Sleep spindle and delta changes during chronic use of a short-acting and a long-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic.
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.
1983 Jun; 55(6):662-7. doi:
10.1016/0013-4694(83)90276-6. [PMID: 6189696] - C A Pristach, C M Smith, R B Whitney. Alcohol withdrawal syndromes - prediction from detailed medical and drinking histories.
Drug and alcohol dependence.
1983 Apr; 11(2):177-99. doi:
10.1016/0376-8716(83)90078-9. [PMID: 6861616] - S E File. Variability in behavioral responses to benzodiazepines in the rat.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.
1983 Feb; 18(2):303-6. doi:
10.1016/0091-3057(83)90383-0. [PMID: 6132408] - S F Cooper, D Drolet. Gas--liquid chromatographic determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites in plasma with electron-capture detection.
Journal of chromatography.
1982 Sep; 231(2):321-31. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81857-5. [PMID: 7130312] - C L Winek, M Pluskota, W W Wahba. Plasma versus bone marrow flurazepam concentration in rabbits.
Forensic science international.
1982 Mar; 19(2):155-63. doi:
10.1016/0379-0738(82)90041-x. [PMID: 7068069] - R Jochemsen, D D Breimer. Assay of flunitrazepam, temazepam and desalkylflurazepam in plasma by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
Journal of chromatography.
1982 Jan; 227(1):199-206. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80372-2. [PMID: 6120178] - D J Greenblatt, M Divoll, J S Harmatz, D S MacLaughlin, R I Shader. Kinetics and clinical effects of flurazepam in young and elderly noninsomniacs.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
1981 Oct; 30(4):475-86. doi:
10.1038/clpt.1981.191. [PMID: 7285482] - P R Bittencourt, P Wade, A T Smith, A Richens. The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.
1981 Oct; 12(4):523-33. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01261.x. [PMID: 6794587] - R Hicks, M W Dysken, J M Davis, J Lesser, A Ripeckyj, L Lazarus. The pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medication in the elderly: a review.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
1981 Oct; 42(10):374-85. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 7026541] - B J Miwa, W A Garland, P Blumenthal. Determination of flurazepam in human plasma by gas chromatography-electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
Analytical chemistry.
1981 May; 53(6):793-7. doi:
10.1021/ac00229a012. [PMID: 7235252] - R E Weinfeld, K F Miller. Determination of the major urinary metabolite of flurazepam in man by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Journal of chromatography.
1981 Apr; 223(1):123-30. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80074-2. [PMID: 7251753] - R Riva, M de Anna, F Albani, A Baruzzi. Rapid quantitation of flurazepam and its major metabolite, N-desalkylflurazepam, in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection.
Journal of chromatography.
1981 Mar; 222(3):491-5. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84153-5. [PMID: 7228960] - P J Cowen, A R Green, D J Nutt. Ethyl beta-carboline carboxylate lowers seizure threshold and antagonizes flurazepam-induced sedation in rats.
Nature.
1981 Mar; 290(5801):54-5. doi:
10.1038/290054a0. [PMID: 6259533] - W G Sannita, M Cabri, V F Montano, G Rosadini. Quantitative EEG and behavioral effects in volunteers of a new benzodiazepine (SAS 643) in relation to drug plasma concentration.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
1981; 3(4):341-9. doi:
10.1097/00007691-198104000-00004. [PMID: 6121403] - S Mardente, C Bicchi, G M Nano. GLC-ECD determination of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(O-fluorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (SAS 643) in plasma and urine and identification of its main biotransformation products.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
1981; 3(4):351-6. doi:
10.1097/00007691-198104000-00005. [PMID: 6121404] - J Vasiliades, C Owens. Determination of midazolam in serum by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-selective detector.
Journal of chromatography.
1980 Jun; 182(3-4):439-44. doi:
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81497-8. [PMID: 7391187]
