Cinobufagin (BioDeep_00000000381)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000637380

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


[(1R,2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-5-yl] acetate

化学式: C26H34O6 (442.2355264)
中文名称: 华蟾酥毒基, 蟾酥
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 1.03%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(OC(C5C(C=6)=COC(=O)C6)C(C(C52C)(C(C4)(C(C(C)(C([H])3C4)CCC(C3)O)(CC2)[H])[H])1)O1)(C)=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C26H34O6/c1-14(27)31-22-21(15-4-7-20(29)30-13-15)25(3)11-9-18-19(26(25)23(22)32-26)6-5-16-12-17(28)8-10-24(16,18)2/h4,7,13,16-19,21-23,28H,5-6,8-12H2,1-3H3

描述信息

Cinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.
Cinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Phrynoidis asper, and other organisms with data available.
Cinobufagin is a bufadienolide compound extracted from the dried venom secreted by the parotid glands of toads and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of cinobufagin is still under investigation, it has been found to suppress cancer cell proliferation and cause apoptosis in cancer cells via a sequence of apoptotic modulators that include mitochondrial Bax and cytosolic chromosome c, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. Possible upstream mediators of cinobufagin-induced apoptosis include Fas and p53.
D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent
D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides
Annotation level-1
Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3].
Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3].

同义名列表

16 个代谢物同义名

[(1R,2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-5-yl] acetate; BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 16-(ACETYLOXY)-14,15-EPOXY-3-HYDROXY-, (3- .BETA.,5-.BETA.,15-.BETA.,16-.BETA.)-; Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 16-(acetyloxy)-14,15-epoxy-3-hydroxy-, (3-beta,5-beta,15-beta,16-beta)-; Bufa-20, 16-(acetyloxy)-14,15-epoxy-3-hydroxy-, (3.beta.,5.beta.,15.beta.,16.beta.)-; 5beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide, 14,15beta-epoxy-3beta,16beta-dihydroxy-, 16-acetate; 14,15beta-Epoxy-3beta,16beta-dihydroxy-5beta,20(22)-bufadienolide 16-acetate; 3beta-hydroxy-16beta-acetoxy-14beta,15beta-epoxy-5beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide; 5.beta.-Bufa-20, 14,15.beta.-epoxy-3.beta.,16.beta.-dihydroxy-, 16-acetate; Cinobufagin (Cinobufagine); CINOBUFAGIN [WHO-DD]; UNII-T9PSN4R8IR; Cinobufagine; Cino-bufagin; Cinobufagin; ST 26:6;O6; T9PSN4R8IR



数据库引用编号

42 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Meng Wang, Yueyue Li, Shanshan Li, Ting Wang, Manman Wang, Huan Wu, Mei Zhang, Shengyong Luo, Cheng Zhao, Qinglin Li, Hui Cheng. Cinobufacini injection delays hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating lipid metabolism via SREBP1 signaling pathway and affecting macrophage polarization. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2024 Mar; 321(?):117472. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117472. [PMID: 37995825]
  • Rong-Rong Zhang, Ming-Yi Shao, Yu Fu, Rui-Xia Zhao, Jing-Wen Wnag, Yu-Xuan Fang. Benefit-Risk Assessment of Chinese Medicine Injections for Primary Liver Cancer Based on Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. Chinese journal of integrative medicine. 2023 Sep; ?(?):. doi: 10.1007/s11655-023-3704-2. [PMID: 37697203]
  • Qinhang Wu, Xuelin Ma, Zhuolin Jin, Ruijun Ni, Yang Pan, Guangming Yang. Zhuidu Formula suppresses the migratory and invasive properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells via dual signaling pathways of RhoA/ROCK and CDC42/MRCK. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 May; ?(?):116644. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116644. [PMID: 37196814]
  • Ailin Yang, Qi Wu, Anmei Wang, Qimei Chen, Jingyi Yang, Yufan Tao, Yixuan Sun, Jiayu Zhang. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of cinobufagin against liver cancer through interfering with lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolism. Bioorganic chemistry. 2023 01; 130(?):106229. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106229. [PMID: 36335648]
  • Xiucai Ma, Zhigang Suo, Xiaoyan Ma, Chunrui Zhan, Guodong Luo, Jianmin Song. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor progression and reduces doxorubicin resistance by enhancing FOXO1-mediated transcription of FCGBP in osteosarcoma. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 Oct; 296(?):115433. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115433. [PMID: 35690338]
  • Lingling Zhang, Bing Liang, Huan Xu, Yanju Gong, Wangming Hu, Zhong Jin, Xiao Wu, Xiongbin Chen, Min Li, Liangqin Shi, Yaping Shi, Yong Wang, Lan Yang. Cinobufagin induces FOXO1-regulated apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting G9a in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 Jun; 291(?):115095. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115095. [PMID: 35176466]
  • Ailin Yang, Qi Wu, Qimei Chen, Jingyi Yang, Haoran Li, Yufan Tao, Anmei Wang, Yaxue Sun, Jiayu Zhang. Cinobufagin restrains the growth and triggers DNA damage of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via proteasome-dependent degradation of thymidylate synthase. Chemico-biological interactions. 2022 Jun; 360(?):109938. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109938. [PMID: 35427566]
  • Rentao Hou, Xiong Liu, Huiling Yang, Shuting Deng, Chao Cheng, Jiahao Liu, Yonghao Li, Yewei Zhang, Jingwen Jiang, Zhibo Zhu, Yun Su, Liyang Wu, Yingying Xie, Xiaoning Li, Wenmin Li, Zhen Liu, Weiyi Fang. Chemically synthesized cinobufagin suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis by inducing ENKUR to stabilize p53 expression. Cancer letters. 2022 04; 531(?):57-70. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.025. [PMID: 35114328]
  • Xue Zhang, Lei Wang, Qi Zhang, Song Lyu, Darong Zhu, Mengzhen Shen, Xisong Ke, Yi Qu. Small molecule targeting topoisomerase 3β for cancer therapy. Pharmacological research. 2021 12; 174(?):105927. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105927. [PMID: 34740818]
  • Ai-Lin Yang, Qi Wu, Zhong-Dong Hu, Shao-Ping Wang, Yu-Fan Tao, An-Mei Wang, Yi-Xuan Sun, Xiu-Lian Li, Long Dai, Jiayu Zhang. A network pharmacology approach to investigate the anticancer mechanism of cinobufagin against hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulation of EGFR-CDK2 signaling. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2021 11; 431(?):115739. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115739. [PMID: 34619160]
  • Candelario Rodriguez, Roberto Ibáñez, Luis Mojica, Michelle Ng, Carmenza Spadafora, Armando A Durant-Archibold, Marcelino Gutiérrez. Bufadienolides from the Skin Secretions of the Neotropical Toad Rhinella alata (Anura: Bufonidae): Antiprotozoal Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Jul; 26(14):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26144217. [PMID: 34299492]
  • Wei-Song Kong, Fang-Xue Shen, Rui-Fang Xie, Gui Zhou, Yi-Ming Feng, Xin Zhou. Bufothionine induces autophagy in H22 hepatoma-bearing mice by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway, a possible anti-cancer mechanism of cinobufacini. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2021 Apr; 270(?):113848. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113848. [PMID: 33485977]
  • Yang Zhou, Jinjun Hou, Huali Long, Zijia Zhang, Min Lei, Wanying Wu. Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activities of carbamate derivatives of cinobufagin. Steroids. 2020 12; 164(?):108749. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108749. [PMID: 33065151]
  • Qian Li, Ren-Long Liang, Qian-Ru Yu, De-Qing Tian, Li-Na Zhao, Wen-Wen Wang, Hua Xiao, Xiao-Jia Yong, Xiao-Dong Peng. Efficacy and safety of cinobufacini injection combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin regimen chemotherapy for stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2020 Jul; 99(31):e21539. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021539. [PMID: 32756206]
  • Jinghui Zhang, Yanjun Hong, Lilong Jiang, Xiaojiao Yi, Yang Chen, Li Liu, Zhongjian Chen, Yongjiang Wu, Zongwei Cai. Global Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis Reveal the Synergistic Effect of Bufalin in Combination with Cinobufagin against HepG2 Cells. Journal of proteome research. 2020 02; 19(2):873-883. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00681. [PMID: 31942794]
  • Zhaohai Pan, Yongchuan Luo, Yuan Xia, Xin Zhang, Yao Qin, Wenjing Liu, Minjing Li, Xiaona Liu, Qiusheng Zheng, Defang Li. Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the S phase and promotes apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2020 Feb; 122(?):109763. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109763. [PMID: 31918288]
  • Longsheng Xu, Shizhen Wang, Hui Shen, Qingli Feng, Xiaoping Zhang, Huadong Ni, Ming Yao. Analgesic and toxic effects of venenum bufonis and its constituent compound cinobufagin: A comparative study. Neurotoxicology and teratology. 2019 May; 73(?):49-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.03.004. [PMID: 30943443]
  • Xiaowu Li, Chunhui Chen, Yu Dai, Chengzhi Huang, Qinrui Han, Linlin Jing, Ye Ma, Yihua Xu, Yawei Liu, Liang Zhao, Junjiang Wang, Xuegang Sun, Xueqing Yao. Cinobufagin suppresses colorectal cancer angiogenesis by disrupting the endothelial mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α axis. Cancer science. 2019 May; 110(5):1724-1734. doi: 10.1111/cas.13988. [PMID: 30839155]
  • Xu Deng, Jiexia Sheng, Hua Liu, Nannan Wang, Cuoji Dai, Zhenguo Wang, Jing Zhang, Jianye Zhao, Erqing Dai. Cinobufagin Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis to Block Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Growth via the p73 Signalling Pathway. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2019; 42(9):1500-1509. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00174. [PMID: 31474710]
  • Jin-Hua Guo, Ren-Wang Jiang, Jacob Lauwring Andersen, Mikael Esmann, Natalya U Fedosova. Spin-labeled derivatives of cardiotonic steroids as tools for characterization of the extracellular entrance to the binding site on Na+ ,K+ -ATPase. The FEBS journal. 2018 06; 285(12):2292-2305. doi: 10.1111/febs.14480. [PMID: 29688626]
  • Elina Karhu, Janne Isojärvi, Pia Vuorela, Leena Hanski, Adyary Fallarero. Identification of Privileged Antichlamydial Natural Products by a Ligand-Based Strategy. Journal of natural products. 2017 10; 80(10):2602-2608. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01052. [PMID: 29043803]
  • Zeting Yuan, Xiaojing Shi, Yanyan Qiu, Tingting Jia, Xia Yuan, Yu Zou, Cheng Liu, Hui Yu, Yuxia Yuan, Xue He, Ke Xu, Peihao Yin. Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in colon cancer by cinobufagin. Oncology reports. 2017 Mar; 37(3):1815-1825. doi: 10.3892/or.2017.5410. [PMID: 28184922]
  • Tao Chen, Shenjun Yuan, Xin-Nian Wan, Ling Zhan, Xue-Qin Yu, Jian-Hong Zeng, Hong Li, Wen Zhang, Xiang-Yang Hu, Yi-Fei Ye, Wei Hu. Chinese herb cinobufagin-reduced cancer pain is associated with increased peripheral opioids by invaded CD3/4/8 lymphocytes. Oncotarget. 2017 Feb; 8(7):11425-11441. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14005. [PMID: 28002791]
  • Shuai-Cheng Wu, Peng-Fei Yi, Xun Guo, Li-Yan Zhang, Dao-Xiu Xu, Yun-Xing Fu, Zhen-Qiang Cui, Hai-Qing Shen, Xu-Bin Wei, Ben-Dong Fu. Cinobufagin enhances the protective efficacy of formalin-inactivated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine through Th1 immune response. Microbial pathogenesis. 2016 Oct; 99(?):264-270. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.036. [PMID: 27574776]
  • Shanshan Xie, Laura Spelmink, Mario Codemo, Karthik Subramanian, Katrin Pütsep, Birgitta Henriques-Normark, Marie Olliver. Cinobufagin Modulates Human Innate Immune Responses and Triggers Antibacterial Activity. PloS one. 2016; 11(8):e0160734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160734. [PMID: 27529866]
  • Jing Zhou, Yan Gong, Hongyue Ma, Honglan Wang, Dawei Qian, Hongmei Wen, Rui Liu, Jinao Duan, Qinan Wu. Effect of drying methods on the free and conjugated bufadienolide content in toad venom determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with a pattern recognition approach. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2015 Oct; 114(?):482-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.032. [PMID: 26186722]
  • Hai-Yan Tian, Shi-Lin Luo, Jun-Shan Liu, Lei Wang, Ying Wang, Dong-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Ren-Wang Jiang, Wen-Cai Ye. C23 steroids from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Journal of natural products. 2013 Oct; 76(10):1842-7. doi: 10.1021/np400174f. [PMID: 24050254]
  • Dong-Mei Zhang, Jun-Shan Liu, Ming-Kuen Tang, Anita Yiu, Hui-hui Cao, Lei Jiang, Judy Yuet-Wa Chan, Hai-Yan Tian, Kwok-Pui Fung, Wen-Cai Ye. Bufotalin from Venenum Bufonis inhibits growth of multidrug resistant HepG2 cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. European journal of pharmacology. 2012 Oct; 692(1-3):19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.045. [PMID: 22841670]
  • Ying Xiao, Yu-Bin Zhao, Yan-Ming Xie. [Experimental study of suspicious sensitization component screening on Huachansu injection]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2012 Sep; 37(18):2824-7. doi: . [PMID: 23285945]
  • Wei Cao, Yan Chen, Ling Yuan, Jun-Jie He. [Determination of protein binding rates of cinobufagin and resibufogenin with different plasmas by HPLC]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2012 Sep; 47(9):1200-4. doi: . [PMID: 23227551]
  • Rui-Fang Xie, Zhi-Cheng Li, Bo Gao, Zhi-Na Shi, Xin Zhou. Bufothionine, a possible effective component in cinobufocini injection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun; 141(2):692-700. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.018. [PMID: 22210051]
  • Bo Jiang, Fei Cai, Shouhong Gao, Liyuan Meng, Fengying Liang, Xiao Dai, Wen Xu, Wansheng Chen. Induction of cytochrome P450 3A by Shexiang Baoxin Pill and its main components. Chemico-biological interactions. 2012 Jan; 195(2):105-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.12.001. [PMID: 22178124]
  • Xiangjiu He, Hui Hu, Yixuan Wu, Xiaobin Zeng. Urinary metabolites of cinobufagin in rats and their antiproliferative activities. Natural product research. 2012; 26(6):489-99. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2010.510798. [PMID: 21711170]
  • Zongyun Li, Huimin Gao, Jinhua Wang, Ting Qu, Liangmian Chen, Zhimin Wang, Qiwei Zhang. [Inhibitory effect of total bufadienolides from toad venom against H22 tumor in mice and their metabolites]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2011 Nov; 36(21):2987-93. doi: . [PMID: 22308689]
  • Di Sun, Jia Yuan, Xiaoyan Hu, Xuesong Liu. [Fast analytical method on content and transfer rate of marker component in ethanol precipitation of cinobufacini by near infrared spectroscopy]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2011 Sep; 36(18):2479-83. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20111806. [PMID: 22256749]
  • Shuang-shuang Wang, Xiao-feng Zhai, Bai Li. [Effect of cinobufacini injection on the tumor growth of tumor bearing rats of different constitutions]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2011 Aug; 31(8):1101-3. doi: ". [PMID: 21910344]
  • Xiao-Chi Ma, Jing Ning, Guang-Bo Ge, Si-Cheng Liang, Xiu-Li Wang, Bao-Jing Zhang, Shan-Shan Huang, Jing-Kui Li, Ling Yang. Comparative metabolism of cinobufagin in liver microsomes from mouse, rat, dog, minipig, monkey, and human. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2011 Apr; 39(4):675-82. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.036830. [PMID: 21205911]
  • Fanghua Qi, Anyuan Li, Yoshinori Inagaki, Norihiro Kokudo, Sumihito Tamura, Munehiro Nakata, Wei Tang. Antitumor activity of extracts and compounds from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor. International immunopharmacology. 2011 Mar; 11(3):342-9. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.007. [PMID: 21185919]
  • Xiaolin Xia, Huizi Jin, Shikai Yan, Weidong Zhang. Analysis of the bioactive constituents of ChanSu in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2010 Nov; 53(3):646-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.009. [PMID: 20570458]
  • Xiao-Chi Ma, Xiulan Xin, Bao-jing Zhang, Sha Deng, Ji-hong Yao, Chang-yuan Wang, Jian Cui, Yan Tian, Ke-xin Liu. Efficient isolation and purification of five products from microbial biotransformation of cinobufagin by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Journal of separation science. 2010 Aug; 33(15):2272-7. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000212. [PMID: 20574960]
  • Xiu Lan Xin, Junying Liu, Xiao Chi Ma, Qing Wei, Li Lv, Chang Yuan Wang, Ji Hong Yao, Jian Cui. Preparative separation of four major bufadienolides from the Chinese traditional medicine, Chansu, using high-speed counter-current chromatography. Natural product communications. 2010 Jul; 5(7):1031-4. doi: . [PMID: 20734934]
  • Dong-Liang Wang, Fang-Hua Qi, Huan-Li Xu, Yoshinori Inagaki, Yutaka Orihara, Kazuhisa Sekimizu, Norihiro Kokudo, Feng-Shan Wang, Wei Tang. Apoptosis-inducing activity of compounds screened and characterized from cinobufacini by bioassay-guided isolation. Molecular medicine reports. 2010 Jul; 3(4):717-22. doi: 10.3892/mmr_00000323. [PMID: 21472305]
  • Fang Li, Yanjiao Wang, Zitong Liu, Xia Lin, Haibing He, Xing Tang. Formulation and characterization of bufadienolides-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2010 May; 36(5):508-17. doi: 10.3109/03639040903264397. [PMID: 19821716]
  • Fang-hua Qi, An-yuan Li, Lin Zhao, Li Zhang, Guan-hua Du, Wei Tang. [Apoptosis-inducing effect of cinobufacini on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and its mechanism of action]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2010 Mar; 45(3):318-23. doi: ". [PMID: 21351507]
  • Xiaoyan Cui, Yoshinori Inagaki, Huanli Xu, Dongliang Wang, Fanghua Qi, Norihiro Kokudo, Dingzhi Fang, Wei Tang. Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of cinobufacini and its active components bufalin and cinobufagin in HepG2.2.15 cells. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2010; 33(10):1728-32. doi: 10.1248/bpb.33.1728. [PMID: 20930383]
  • J Ning, T-H Wu, Y Tian, C-Y Wang, G Tian, B-J Zhang, K-X Liu, X-C Ma. Identification of cinobufagin metabolites in the bile of rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2010 Jan; 40(1):48-54. doi: 10.3109/00498250903331049. [PMID: 19895259]
  • Ting-Ting Wang, Guo-Xing Xu. [Effect of cinobufagin on the expressions of bcl-2 mRNA and bax mRNA and the proliferation of lens epithelial cells]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2009 Oct; 29(10):915-7. doi: ". [PMID: 20073224]
  • Fang Li, Rui Yang, Yan Weng, Xing Tang. Preparation and evaluation of lyophilized liposome-encapsulated bufadienolides. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2009 Sep; 35(9):1048-58. doi: 10.1080/03639040902762987. [PMID: 19365782]
  • Chris Kostakis, Roger W Byard. Sudden death associated with intravenous injection of toad extract. Forensic science international. 2009 Jul; 188(1-3):e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.006. [PMID: 19303230]
  • Xiao Chi Ma, Bao Jing Zhang, Xin Lan Xin, Shan Shan Huang, Sha Deng, Hou Li Zhang, Xiao Hong Shu, Yun Peng Diao, Jian Cui. Simultaneous quantification of seven major bufadienolides in three traditional Chinese medicinal preparations of chansu by HPLC-DAD. Natural product communications. 2009 Feb; 4(2):179-84. doi: . [PMID: 19370919]
  • Yu Zhang, Xing Tang, Xiaoliang Liu, Fang Li, Xia Lin. Simultaneous determination of three bufadienolides in rat plasma after intravenous administration of bufadienolides extract by ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta. 2008 Mar; 610(2):224-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.029. [PMID: 18291133]
  • Yan Liang, Ai-hua Liu, Song Qin, Jiang-hao Sun, Min Yang, Ping Li, De-an Guo. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of five bufadienolides in rat plasma after oral administration of Chansu extract by SPE-HPLC method. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2008 Feb; 46(3):442-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.11.001. [PMID: 18093784]
  • Zhen Yang, Huafei Luo, Hao Wang, Huimin Hou. Preparative isolation of bufalin and cinobufagin from Chinese traditional medicine ChanSu. Journal of chromatographic science. 2008 Jan; 46(1):81-5. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/46.1.81. [PMID: 18218193]
  • Wen Xu, Heng Luo, Yaping Zhang, Lei Shan, Haiyun Li, Ming Yang, Runhui Liu, Weidong Zhang. Simultaneous determination of five main active bufadienolides of Chan Su in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Nov; 859(2):157-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.026. [PMID: 17928276]
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