Subcellular Location: Chromosome, telomere

(-)-Arctiin

C27H34O11 (534.2101)

Natural compounds from herbs are recognized as an important source of therapeutic agents. Seeking for natural products with high selectivity and less side effects merits considerable efforts. Arctium lappa, also known as burdock, is widely consumed in East Asia, Europe and America to promote well-being for hundreds of years. In Chinese traditional medicine, Arctium lappa (mainly roots, and, to a less extend, seeds and leaves) is an important herbal medicinal preparation. It is commonly used for alleviating symptoms of inflammatory disorders, such as anemopyretic cold, cough, measles, urticaria and furuncle (Shin et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2009). In addition, Arctium lappa is applied to treat various skin disorders including eczema and acne (Chan et al., 2011; Miglani and Manchanda, 2014). Lignans are the most characteristic phytoconstituents of Arctium lappa. Among them, ATG (Formula:C21H24O6; PubChem CID:64,981) and its glycoside, arctiin are the major bioactive compounds (Fig. 1). ATG, rich in roots and seeds of Arctium lappa, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its prominent therapeutic potential. It possesses many biological activities such as anti-oxidative stress (Lü et al., 2016), anti-cancer (He et al., 2018; Shabgah et al., 2021), anti-virus (Gao et al., 2018a) and anti-inflammation (Hyam et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2009). Significant curative effects of ATG have been demonstrated on a wide range of human diseases including cancers, autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, viral infections and other health concerns. The bioactivity of ATG largely depend on its chemical structure. For instance, the chiral carbon atom in the lactone ring is essential for the anti-tumor effect of ATG as (–)-arctigenin exhibits greater tumor suppression effect than (+)-arctigenin (Awale et al., 2014). Furthermore, the dibenzyl butyrolactone is key for the interactions between ATG and proteins. (-)-arctiin is a member of the class of compounds known as lignan glycosides. Lignan glycosides are aromatic polycyclic compounds containing a carbohydrate component glycosidically linked to a lignan moiety. They include 1-aryltetralin lactones (-)-arctiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-arctiin can be found in burdock, which makes (-)-arctiin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Arctiin is a glycoside and a lignan. Arctiin is a natural product found in Abeliophyllum distichum, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available. Arctiin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=20362-31-6 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 20362-31-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity. Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.

Bufalin

C24H34O4 (386.2457)

Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid toxin[1] originally isolated from Chinese toad venom, which is a component of some traditional Chinese medicines.[2][3] Bufalin has in vitro antitumor effects against various malignant cell lines, including hepatocellular[4] and lung carcinoma.[5] However, as with other bufadienolides, its potential use is hampered by its cardiotoxicity.[6] Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Bufalin is a natural product found in Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufalin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and can induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 via a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2]. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2].

1-Hederin

C41H66O12 (750.4554)

Kalopanaxsaponin A is a triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a triterpenoid saponin, a disaccharide derivative and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a hederagenin. alpha-Hederin is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Hedera caucasigena, and other organisms with data available. A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus. alpha-Hederin (α-Hederin), a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits promising antitumor potential against a variety of human cancer cell lines. alpha-Hederin could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway[1]. alpha-Hederin (α-Hederin), a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits promising antitumor potential against a variety of human cancer cell lines. alpha-Hederin could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway[1].

(S)-Boldine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. (S)-Boldine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Boldine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient. (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].

Decursin

C19H20O5 (328.1311)

Decursin is a member of coumarins. Decursin is a natural product found in Scutellaria lateriflora, Angelica glauca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). D020536 - Enzyme Activators Decursinol angelate is a natural product found in Angelica glauca and Angelica gigas with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursinol angelate, a cytotoxic and protein kinase C (PKC) activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Diosgenin

C27H42O3 (414.3134)

Diosgenin is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Diosgenin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Dracaena draco, and other organisms with data available. A spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. The 25S isomer is called yamogenin. Solasodine is a natural derivative formed by replacing the spiro-ring with a nitrogen, which can rearrange to SOLANINE. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. Diosgenin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Diosgenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Diosgenin can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, yam, and bitter gourd, which makes diosgenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam, such as the Kokoro. The sugar-free (aglycone) product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products . Bottle Name:Diosgenin; Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; Bottle Name:Diosgenin; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2260 Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].

Astilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a monosaccharide derivative and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin. Astilbin is a natural product found in Smilax corbularia, Rhododendron simsii, and other organisms with data available. Astilbin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Astilbin is found in alcoholic beverages. Astilbin is a constituent of Vitis vinifera (wine grape).Astilbin is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum, Clusiaceae, subfamily Hypericoideae, formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae), in Dimorphandra mollis (Fava danta, Fabaceae), in the the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae), in the rhizome of Astilbe thunbergii, in the root of Astilbe odontophylla(Saxifragaceae) and in the rhizone of Smilax glabra (Chinaroot, Smilacaceae). A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Constituent of Vitis vinifera (wine grape) Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3].

Niacinamide

C6H6N2O (122.048)

Nicotinamide is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinamide is a pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. It has a role as an EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor, a metabolite, a cofactor, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Sir2 inhibitor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinecarboxamide and a pyridine alkaloid. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Nicotinamide is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Euonymus grandiflorus, and other organisms with data available. Niacinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 and a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Niacinamide acts as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. This agent also inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Nicotinamide is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Niacinamide or vitamin B3 is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is used to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide, while both labeled as vitamin B3 also have different applications. Niacinamide is useful in arthritis and early-onset type I diabetes while niacin is an effective reducer of high cholesterol levels. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Dapsone; niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Niacinamide; Titanium Dioxide (component of) ... View More ... Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide (NAM), is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. Niacinamide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. The structure of nicotinamide consists of a pyridine ring to which a primary amide group is attached in the meta position. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. As an aromatic compound, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions and transformations of its two functional groups. Niacinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into nicotinic acid mononucleotide and phosphate by the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, niacinamide is involved in the metabolic disorder called the nad+ signalling pathway (cancer). Niacinamide is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, niacinamide is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common sages, cow milk, and cocoa beans and in a lower concentration in common pea. Niacinamide has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as yardlong beans, roselles, apples, oyster mushrooms, and swiss chards. Niacinamide occurs in trace amounts mainly in meat, fish, nuts, and mushrooms, as well as to a lesser extent in some vegetables. It is commonly added to cereals and other foods. Many multivitamins contain 20–30 mg of vitamin B3 and it is also available in higher doses. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. Widespread in plants, e.g. rice, yeast and fungi. Dietary supplement, may be used in infant formulas Nicotinamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=98-92-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 98-92-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].

Camptothecin

C20H16N2O4 (348.111)

Camptothecin is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is pyrano[3,4:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 14, and by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at position 4 (the S enantiomer). It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a genotoxin and a plant metabolite. It is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline, a tertiary alcohol, a delta-lactone and a quinoline alkaloid. Camptothecin is an alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase, type I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity. Camptothecin is a natural product found in Archidendron lucidum, Merrilliodendron megacarpum, and other organisms with data available. Camptothecin is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, with antineoplastic activity. During the S phase of the cell cycle, camptothecin selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes, thereby inhibiting religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks and producing potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks when encountered by the DNA replication machinery. (NCI) An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity. A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is pyrano[3,4:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 14, and by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at position 4 (the S enantiomer). Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 of 679 nM[1]. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells[2][3]. Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 of 679 nM[1]. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells[2][3].

Isoorientin 7-O-(6'-O-(E)-feruloyl)glucoside

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside, also known as homoorientin or luteolin-6-C-beta-D-glucoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside can be synthesized from luteolin. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, isoorientin 7-O-glucoside, 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl]isoorientin, and 7-O-(6-sinapoylglucosyl)isoorientin. Isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside can be found in barley, which makes isoorientin 7-o-(6-o-(e)-feruloyl)glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_20eV_1-3_01_1409.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_20eV_1-3_01_1382.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_50eV_1-3_01_1385.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_40eV_1-3_01_1411.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_10eV_1-3_01_1365.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_50eV_1-3_01_1412.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_10eV_1-3_01_1354.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_40eV_1-3_01_1384.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_pos_30eV_1-3_01_1383.txt [Raw Data] CBA21_Isoorientin_neg_30eV_1-3_01_1410.txt Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Guanine

C5H5N5O (151.0494)

Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Being unsaturated, the bicyclic molecule is planar. The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine. The first isolation of guanine was reported in 1844 from the excreta of sea birds, known as guano, which was used as a source of fertilizer. High affinity binding of guanine nucleotides and the ability to hydrolyze bound GTP to GDP are characteristics of an extended family of intracellular proteins. Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins may be involved in the activation of phospholipases C and A2 by hormones and other ligands. The binding of hormones to receptors that activate phospholipase C is decreased by guanine nucleotides and these hormones also stimulate a high-affinity GTPase activity in cell membranes. Effects of hormones on phospholipase C activity in cell-free preparations are dependent on the presence of guanine nucleotides. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective mononucleotides. Partial deficiency of this enzyme can result in the overproduction of uric acid leading to a severe form of gout, whilst a virtual absence of HPRT activity causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an inborn error of metabolism, which is characterised by hyperuricaemia, mental retardation, choreoathetosis and compulsive self-mutilation. Peroxynitrite induces DNA base damage predominantly at guanine (G) and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) nucleobases via oxidation reactions. G and 8-oxoG are the most reactive bases toward Peroxynitrite and possibly the major contributors to peroxynitrite-derived genotoxic and mutagenic lesions. The neutral G radical, reacts with NO2 to yield 8-nitroguanine and 5-nitro-4-guanidinohydantoin (PMID: 16352449, 2435586, 2838362, 1487231). Guanine is a 2-aminopurine carrying a 6-oxo substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purine nucleobase, an oxopurine and a member of 2-aminopurines. It derives from a hydride of a 9H-purine. Guanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Guanine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Isatis tinctoria, and other organisms with data available. Guanine is a purine base that is a constituent of nucleotides occurring in nucleic acids. Guanine is a mineral with formula of C5H3(NH2)N4O. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA1973-056. The IMA symbol is Gni. Guanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Occurs widely in animals and plants. Component of nucleic acids (CCD) A 2-aminopurine carrying a 6-oxo substituent. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Spectral] Guanine (exact mass = 151.04941) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Guanine (exact mass = 151.04941) and D-Gluconic acid (exact mass = 196.0583) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Guanine (exact mass = 151.04941) and L-Valine (exact mass = 117.07898) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 54 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 43

Amarogentin

C29H30O13 (586.1686)

Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a secoiridoid glycoside and a monosaccharide derivative. Amarogentin is a natural product found in Swertia japonica, Gentianella nitida, and other organisms with data available. A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3].

Vitexin 6'-O-malonyl 2'-O-xyloside

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside, also known as apigenin 8-C-glucoside or 8-glycosyl-apigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid 8-c-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside can be synthesized from apigenin. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, vitexin 2-O-beta-L-rhamnoside, 7-O-methylvitexin 2-O-beta-L-rhamnoside, and vitexin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside. Vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside can be found in common beet, which makes vitexin 6-o-malonyl 2-o-xyloside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Vitexin, also known as apigenin 8-C-glucoside or 8-glycosylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid 8-C-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Vitexin is also described as an apigenin flavone glucoside. Vitexin has been found in passion flower, chasteberry, bamboo leaves, millet and Hawthorn. Vitexin has shown a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects (PMID: 27693342). Vitexin has also been shown to directly inhibit thyroid peroxidase and potentially contributes to goiter (PMID: 1696490). It is sometimes called a goitrogen. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA68_Vitexin_neg_20eV.txt Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin /ˈæli.ɪn/ is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic.[1] It is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin and other thiosulfinates in garlic are unstable and form a number of other compounds, such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), dithiins and ajoene.[2] Garlic powder is not a source of alliin, nor is fresh garlic upon maceration, since the enzymatic conversion to allicin takes place in the order of seconds. Alliin was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry.[3] Constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion, garlic, and onion-family vegetables. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is a constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Pachymic_acid

C33H52O5 (528.3815)

Pachymic acid is a triterpenoid. Pachymic acid is a natural product found in Rhodofomitopsis feei, Rhodofomitopsis lilacinogilva, and other organisms with data available. See also: Smilax china root (part of). D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D064801 - Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors Pachymic acid is a lanostrane-type triterpenoid from P. cocos. Pachymic acid inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Pachymic acid is a lanostrane-type triterpenoid from P. cocos. Pachymic acid inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Pachymic acid is a lanostrane-type triterpenoid from P. cocos. Pachymic acid inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways.

Atractylenolide

C15H18O2 (230.1307)

Atractylenolide I is a natural product found in Solanum lyratum, Atractylodes japonica, and other organisms with data available. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent.

Cucurbitacin B

C32H46O8 (558.3193)

Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic props. of spoilt cucumbers. Cucurbitacin B is found in many foods, some of which are muskmelon, bitter gourd, green vegetables, and cucumber. Cucurbitacin B is found in bitter gourd. Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic properties of spoilt cucumber Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B is a natural product found in Begonia plebeja, Trichosanthes miyagii, and other organisms with data available. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. (+)-Cucurbitacin B. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=6199-67-3 (retrieved 2024-08-12) (CAS RN: 6199-67-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Pristimerin

C30H40O4 (464.2926)

Pristimerin is a carboxylic ester. Pristimerin is a quinone methide triterpenoid researched for its anti-cancer potential. Pristimerin is a natural product found in Reissantia buchananii, Crossopetalum gaumeri, and other organisms with data available. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.

Laurolitsine

C18H19NO4 (313.1314)

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. Laurolitsine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Laurolitsine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient

Costunolide

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

Costunolide is a germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. It has a role as an anthelminthic drug, an antiinfective agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antiviral drug and a metabolite. It is a germacranolide and a heterobicyclic compound. (+)-Costunolide is a natural product found in Magnolia garrettii, Critonia morifolia, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of costus root (Saussurea lappa). Costunolide is found in tarragon, sweet bay, and herbs and spices. Costunolide is found in herbs and spices. Costunolide is a constituent of costus root (Saussurea lappa) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents INTERNAL_ID 2266; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2266 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3]. Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3].

Columbamine

C20H20NO4+ (338.1392)

Columbamine is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. Columbamine is a natural product found in Thalictrum podocarpum, Berberis thunbergii, and other organisms with data available.

Ajmalicine

C21H24N2O3 (352.1787)

Ajmalicine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H24N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia and Catharanthus species. It is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a vasodilator agent. It is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, a methyl ester and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of an ajmalicine(1+). Ajmalicine is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Rauvolfia yunnanensis, and other organisms with data available. A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H24N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia and Catharanthus species. It is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents INTERNAL_ID 2326; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2326 [Raw Data] CB001_Ajmalicine_pos_40eV_CB000004.txt [Raw Data] CB001_Ajmalicine_pos_10eV_CB000004.txt [Raw Data] CB001_Ajmalicine_pos_50eV_CB000004.txt [Raw Data] CB001_Ajmalicine_pos_20eV_CB000004.txt [Raw Data] CB001_Ajmalicine_pos_30eV_CB000004.txt Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is a potent adrenolytic agent which preferentially blocks α1-adrenoceptor. Ajmalicine is an reversible but non-competitive nicotine receptor full inhibitor, with an IC50 of 72.3 μM. Ajmalicine also can be used as anti-hypertensive, and serpentine, with sedative activity[1][2]. Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is a potent adrenolytic agent which preferentially blocks α1-adrenoceptor. Ajmalicine is an reversible but non-competitive nicotine receptor full inhibitor, with an IC50 of 72.3 μM. Ajmalicine also can be used as anti-hypertensive, and serpentine, with sedative activity[1][2]. Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is a potent adrenolytic agent which preferentially blocks α1-adrenoceptor. Ajmalicine is an reversible but non-competitive nicotine receptor full inhibitor, with an IC50 of 72.3 μM. Ajmalicine also can be used as anti-hypertensive, and serpentine, with sedative activity[1][2].

Isofucosterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Isofucosterol, also known as delta5-avenasterol, is a phytosterol. Phytosterols, or plant sterols, are compounds that occur naturally and bear a close structural resemblance to cholesterol but have different side-chain configurations. Phytosterols are relevant in pharmaceuticals (production of therapeutic steroids), nutrition (anti-cholesterol additives in functional foods, anti-cancer properties), and cosmetics (creams, lipstick). Phytosterols can be obtained from vegetable oils or from industrial wastes, which gives an added value to the latter. Considerable efforts have been recently dedicated to the development of efficient processes for phytosterol isolation from natural sources. The present work aims to summarize information on the applications of phytosterols and to review recent approaches, mainly from the industry, for the large-scale recovery of phytosterols (PMID: 17123816, 16481154). Isofucosterol is found to be associated with phytosterolemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Isofucosterol, also known as (24z)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol or delta5-avenasterol, belongs to stigmastanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24. Thus, isofucosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Isofucosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isofucosterol can be found in a number of food items such as globe artichoke, gooseberry, deerberry, and ucuhuba, which makes isofucosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isofucosterol can be found primarily in blood. Moreover, isofucosterol is found to be associated with sitosterolemia. Isofucosterol is a 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). The double bond at postion 24(28) adopts a Z-configuration. It has a role as an animal metabolite, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a marine metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Fucosterol is a natural product found in Echinometra lucunter, Ulva fasciata, and other organisms with data available. A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). The double bond at postion 24(28) adopts a Z-configuration. Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research. Isofucosterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=481-14-1 (retrieved 2024-10-08) (CAS RN: 481-14-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

1-Triacontanol

C30H62O (438.48)

Triacontan-1-ol, also known as myricyl alcohol or triacontanyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, triacontan-1-ol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. Triacontan-1-ol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Triacontan-1-ol can be found in a number of food items such as coriander, common grape, tea, and cabbage, which makes triacontan-1-ol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Cucurbitacin

C30H42O6 (498.2981)

Cucurbitacin S is an 11-oxo steroid. Cucurbitacin S is a natural product found in Cucurbita foetidissima with data available. Triterpenes that derive from LANOSTEROL by a shift of the C19 methyl to the C9 position. They are found in seeds and roots of CUCURBITACEAE and other plants and are noted for intense bitterness.

(S)-Abscisic acid

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

(+)-abscisic acid is the naturally occurring (1S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. It has a role as a plant hormone and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (+)-abscisate. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-abscisic acid. Abscisic acid is a natural product found in Macaranga triloba, Cuscuta pentagona, and other organisms with data available. Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits. Constituent of cabbage, potato, lemon etc. (S)-Abscisic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, peach, garden tomato (variety), and yellow wax bean. (S)-Abscisic acid is found in alcoholic beverages. (S)-Abscisic acid is a constituent of cabbage, potato, lemon etc D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2]. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2].

Perillyl alcohol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID: 9855569) [HMDB]. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, ginger, german camomile, and sweet bay. (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol is a perillyl alcohol in which the chiral centre has S configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol. Perillyl alcohol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02704858 (Safety and Efficacy Study in Recurrent Grade IV Glioma). (-)-Perillyl alcohol is a natural product found in Teucrium pestalozzae, Canella winterana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID:9855569). C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1].

(-)-3-Isothujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

Jasmonic acid

C12H18O3 (210.1256)

Jasmonic acid is an oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a member of jasmonates. It is a conjugate acid of a jasmonate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (+)-jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid is a natural product found in Ficus superba, Cleyera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Jasmonic acid is found in apple. Esters are present in Jasminum grandiflorum (royal jasmine) and are responsible for its odour. Jasmonic acid is a member of the jasmonate class of plant hormones. It is biosynthesized from linolenic acid by the octadecanoid pathway An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring. Esters are present in Jasminum grandiflorum (royal jasmine) and are responsible for its odour [DFC] D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators

2-Hydroxyadenine

C5H5N5O (151.0494)

2-Hydroxyadenine (2-OH-Ade) is formed by hydroxyl radical attack on DNA bases and shows a genotoxicity in human, being the source of the mutations induced by reactive oxygen species. 2-OH-Ade in DNA is miscoding and elicits various mutations, and is a mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells. (Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry (2000)2:41-50) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxyadenine (2-OH-Ade) is formed by hydroxyl radical attack on DNA bases and shows a genotoxicity in human, being the source of the mutations induced by reactive oxygen species. 2-OH-Ade in DNA is miscoding and elicits various mutations, and is a mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells. (Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry (2000)2:41-50). Isoguanine is an oxopurine that is 3,7-dihydro-purin-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by an amino group.

lapachone

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

Beta-lapachone is a benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a benzochromenone and a member of orthoquinones. Lapachone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Carcinoma, Advanced Solid Tumors, Head and Neck Neoplasms, and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell. beta-Lapachone is a natural product found in Markhamia stipulata, Markhamia lutea, and other organisms with data available. Lapachone is a poorly soluble, ortho-naphthoquinone with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activity. Beta-lapachone (b-lap) is bioactivated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), creating a futile oxidoreduction that generates high levels of superoxide. In turn, the highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with DNA, thereby causing single-strand DNA breaks and calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. Eventually, the extensive DNA damage causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an enzyme facilitating DNA repair, accompanied by rapid depletion of NAD+/ATP nucleotide levels. As a result, a caspase-independent and ER-stress induced mu-calpain-mediated cell death occurs in NQO1-overexpressing tumor cells. NQO1, a flavoprotein and two-electron oxidoreductase, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.

(S)-Reticuline

C19H23NO4 (329.1627)

(S)-Reticuline is an endogenous precursor of morphine (PMID: 15383669). (S)-Reticuline is a key intermediate in the synthesis of morphine, the major active metabolite of the opium poppy. "Endogenous morphine" has been long isolated and authenticated by mass spectrometry in trace amounts from animal- and human-specific tissue or fluids (PMID: 15874902). Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were shown capable of synthesizing morphine as well. (S)-Reticuline undergoes a change of configuration at C-1 during its transformation into salutaridinol and thebaine. From thebaine, there is a bifurcate pathway leading to morphine proceeding via codeine or oripavine, in both plants and mammals (PMID 15937106). (S)-reticuline is the (S)-enantiomer of reticuline. It has a role as an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-reticulinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-reticuline. Reticuline is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Berberis integerrima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) and Annona reticulata (custard apple) The (S)-enantiomer of reticuline.

Myristicin

C11H12O3 (192.0786)

Myristicin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Myristicin is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum azoricum, Peperomia bracteata, and other organisms with data available. Myristicin is found in anise. Myristicin is a constituent of dill, nutmeg, parsley and many other essential oils. May be responsible for psychotic effects of nutmeg at large doses Myristicin, 3-methoxy,4,5-methylendioxy-allylbenzene, is a natural organic compound present in the essential oil of nutmeg and to a lesser extent in other spices such as parsley and dill. Myristicin is a naturally occurring insecticide and acaricide with possible neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons[citation needed]. It has hallucinogenic properties at doses much higher than used in cooking. Myristicin is a weak inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.Myristicin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and hepatoprotective functions (A7836, A7837).Myristicin belongs to the family of Benzodioxoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to either isomers of dioxole. Myristicin is found in anise. Myristicin is a constituent of dill, nutmeg, parsley and many other essential oils. May be responsible for psychotic effects of nutmeg at large doses Myristicin, 3-methoxy,4,5-methylendioxy-allylbenzene, is a natural organic compound present in the essential oil of nutmeg and to a lesser extent in other spices such as parsley and dill. Myristicin is a naturally occurring insecticide and acaricide with possible neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons[citation needed]. It has hallucinogenic properties at doses much higher than used in cooking. Myristicin is a weak inhibitor of monoamine oxidase Constituent of dill, nutmeg, parsley and many other essential oils. May be responsible for psychotic effects of nutmeg at large doses Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1].

Isopimaric acid

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

Isopimaric acid is a diterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isopimarate. It derives from a hydride of an isopimara-7,15-diene. Isopimaric acid is a natural product found in Pinus brutia var. eldarica, Halocarpus bidwillii, and other organisms with data available. Isopimaric acid is isolated from Pinus palustris (pitch pine). D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.

Astilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Neoastilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (-)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a monosaccharide derivative, a flavanone glycoside and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a (-)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of an astilbin. Neoastilbin is a natural product found in Neolitsea sericea, Dimorphandra mollis, and other organisms with data available. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1]. Neosmitilbin is?isolated from?Garcinia?mangostana. Neosmitilbin is?isolated from?Garcinia?mangostana.

Tomentosin

C15H20O3 (248.1412)

Tomentosin is a sesquiterpene lactone. Tomentosin is a natural product found in Apalochlamys spectabilis, Leucophyta brownii, and other organisms with data available.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate

C6H10O5 (162.0528)

3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid is an "off-product" intermediate in the leucine degradation process. It is produced by defective or inefficient versions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, an enzyme that normally catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. If this enzyme is defective, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA will accumulate in the mitochondria. Increased concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these CoA end products occurs via the transfer of the 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl moiety to carnitine, forming 3-hydroxymethylglutaric-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane where 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid is released as the free acid. 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid has been found to accumulate in the urine of patients affected by 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, a rare inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 246450). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is caused by significantly reduced enzyme activity of the intramitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (EC 4.1.3.4), the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of leucine degradation. This enzyme also plays a key role in ketone body formation. The profile of urinary organic acids for individuals with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is different from that of the other identified defects of leucine degradation, such as maple syrup urine disease (OMIM: 248600), isovaleric acidemia (OMIM: 243500), and methylcrotonylglycinemia (OMIM: 210200). The urinary organic acid profile of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria includes elevated concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-isovaleric, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaconic, and 3-methylglutaric acids (PMID: 10916782, 9658458, 3063529). Clinical manifestations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria include hepatomegaly, lethargy, coma, and apnea. Biochemically, there is a characteristic absence of ketosis with hypoglycemia, acidosis, hypertransaminasemia, and variable hyperammonemia. Therefore, when present in sufficiently high concentrations, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. As noted above, chronically high levels of 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid are associated with the inborn error of metabolism 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency. 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid, also known as meglutol or dicrotalic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. Hydroxy fatty acids are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid can be synthesized from glutaric acid. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, viscumneoside VII, viscumneoside IV, and yanuthone D. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid can be found in flaxseed, which makes 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid can be found primarily in saliva and urine. 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Chronically high levels of 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid are associated with the inborn error of metabolism: 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency (T3DB). Meglutol is an antilipidemic agent that lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids, and inhibits hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Meglutol is an antilipidemic agent that lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids, and inhibits hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.

5-Hydroxymethyluracil

C5H6N2O3 (142.0378)

5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), also known as alpha-hydroxythymine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidones. Pyrimidones are compounds that contain a pyrimidine ring, which bears a ketone. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. 5hmU has been identified as a thymine base modification found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms (PMID: 28137275). 5-hydroxymethyluracil has been detected in bacteriophages, dinoflagellates, leishmania, and in eukaryotic genomes where its level appears to be cell type-specific. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil arises from the oxidation of thymine. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is produced by the enzyme thymine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.6) which catalyzes the chemical reaction thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <-> 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are thymine, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 5-hydroxymethyluracil, succinate, and CO2. The 5hmU base can also be generated by oxidation/hydroxylation of thymine by the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) proteins or result from deamination of 5hmC (PMID: 29184924). DNA containing 5hmU has been reported to be more flexible and hydrophilic (PMID: 29184924). 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is an oxidation damage product derived from thymine or 5-methylcytosine. It is a product of thymine dioxygenase [EC 1.14.11.6]. (KEGG) D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is a product of oxidative DNA damage. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be used as a potential epigenetic mark enhancing or inhibiting transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is a product of oxidative DNA damage. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be used as a potential epigenetic mark enhancing or inhibiting transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid

C20H25N7O6 (459.1866)

5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF) is the most biologically active form of the B-vitamin known as folic acid, also known generically as folate. 5-MTHF functions, in concert with vitamin B12, as a methyl-group donor involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine to methionine. Methyl (CH3) group donation is vital to many bodily processes, including serotonin, melatonin, and DNA synthesis. Therapeutically, 5-MTHF is instrumental in reducing homocysteine levels, preventing neural tube defects, and improving vascular endothelial function. Research on folate supplementation suggests it plays a key role in preventing cervical dysplasia and protecting against neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Folic acid also shows promise as part of a nutritional protocol to treat vitiligo, and may reduce inflammation of the gingiva. Furthermore, certain neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric presentations may be secondary to folate deficiency. Such presentations include depression, peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, dementia, forgetfulness, irritability, endogenous depression, organic psychosis, and schizophrenia-like syndromes. After ingestion, the process of conversion of folic acid to the metabolically active coenzyme forms is relatively complex. Synthesis of the active forms of folic acid requires several enzymes, adequate liver and intestinal function, and adequate supplies of riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), zinc, vitamin C, and serine. After formation of the coenzyme forms of the vitamin in the liver, these metabolically active compounds are secreted into the small intestine with bile (the folate enterohepatic cycle), where they are reabsorbed and distributed to tissues throughout the body. Human pharmacokinetic studies indicate folic acid has high bioavailability, with large oral doses of folic acid substantially raising plasma levels in healthy subjects in a time and dose dependent manner. Red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be the storage depot for folic acid, as RBC levels remain elevated for periods in excess of 40 days following discontinuation of supplementation. Folic acid is poorly transported to the brain and rapidly cleared from the central nervous system. The primary methods of elimination of absorbed folic acid are fecal (through bile) and urinary. Despite the biochemical complexity of this process, evidence suggests oral supplementation with folic acid increases the bodys pool of 5-MTHF in healthy individuals. However, enzyme defects, mal-absorption, digestive system pathology, and liver disease can result in impaired ability to activate folic acid. In fact, some individuals have a severe congenital deficiency of the enzyme Methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (5-MTHFR), which is needed to convert folic acid to 5-MTHF. Milder forms of this enzyme defect likely interact with dietary folate status to determine risk for some disease conditions. In individuals with a genetic defect of this enzyme (whether mild or severe), supplementation with 5- MTHF might be preferable to folic acid supplementation. (PMID: 17176169). 5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF) is the most biologically active form of the B-vitamin folic acid, also known generically as folate. 5-MTHF functions, in concert with vitamin B12, as a methyl-group donor involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine to methionine. Methyl (CH3) group donation is vital to many bodily processes, including serotonin, melatonin, and DNA synthesis. Therapeutically, 5-MTHF is instrumental in reducing homocysteine levels, preventing neural tube defects, and improving vascular endothelial function. Research on folate supplementation suggests it plays a key role in preventing cervical dysplasia and protecting against neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Folic acid also shows promise as part of a nutritional protocol to treat vitiligo, and may reduce inflammation of the gingiva. Furthermore, certain neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric presentations may be secondary to folate deficiency. Such presentations include depression, peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, dementia, forgetfulness, irritability, endogenous depression, organic psychosis, and schizophrenia-like syndromes. After ingestion, the process of conversion of folic acid to the metabolically active coenzyme forms is relatively complex. Synthesis of the active forms of folic acid requires several enzymes, adequate liver and intestinal function, and adequate supplies of riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), zinc, vitamin C, and serine. After formation of the coenzyme forms of the vitamin in the liver, these metabolically active compounds are secreted into the small intestine with bile (the folate enterohepatic cycle), where they are reabsorbed and distributed to tissues throughout the body. Human pharmacokinetic studies indicate folic acid has high bioavailability, with large oral doses of folic acid substantially raising plasma levels in healthy subjects in a time and dose dependent manner. Red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be the storage depot for folic acid, as RBC levels remain elevated for periods in excess of 40 days following discontinuation of supplementation. Folic acid is poorly transported to the brain and rapidly cleared from the central nervous system. The primary methods of elimination of absorbed folic acid are fecal (through bile) and urinary. Despite the biochemical complexity of this process, evidence suggests oral supplementation with folic acid increases the bodys pool of 5-MTHF in healthy individuals. However, enzyme defects, mal-absorption, digestive system pathology, and liver disease can result in impaired ability to activate folic acid. In fact, some individuals have a severe congenital deficiency of the enzyme Methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (5-MTHFR), which is needed to convert folic acid to 5-MTHF. Milder forms of this enzyme defect likely interact with dietary folate status to determine risk for some disease conditions. In individuals with a genetic defect of this enzyme (whether mild or severe), supplementation with 5- MTHF might be preferable to folic acid supplementation. (PMID: 17176169) [HMDB] 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-Methyl THF) is a biologically active form of folic acid. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a methylated derivate of tetrahydrofolate. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is the predominant natural dietary folate and the principal form of folate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid[1]. Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements[1][2].

Adenosine diphosphate

C10H15N5O10P2 (427.0294)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon. ADP belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. Adenosine diphosphate is a nucleotide. ADP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ADP is involved in d4-gdi signaling pathway. ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. 5′-ADP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-64-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 58-64-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors.

Pseudouridine

C9H12N2O6 (244.0695)

Beta-pseudouridine, also known as p or 5-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil, is a member of the class of compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides. These include phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides, among others. Beta-pseudouridine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-pseudouridine can be found in a number of food items such as eggplant, wax gourd, asparagus, and garden cress, which makes beta-pseudouridine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-pseudouridine can be found primarily in amniotic fluid, blood, feces, and urine. Beta-pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, beta-pseudouridine is found to be associated with canavan disease. Pseudouridine, also known as psi-uridine or 5-ribosyluracil, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. These are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides, such as phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides. Pseudouridine specifically has its uracil attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond to the ribofuranose. It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA (PMID: 17113994). Pseudouridine is a solid that is soluble in water. Pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans, and is in all classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA. Pseudouridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1445-07-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1445-07-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].

Dihydroorotic acid

C5H6N2O4 (158.0328)

4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].

Metanephrine

C10H15NO3 (197.1052)

Metanephrine is a metabolite of epinephrine created by action of catechol O-methyltransferase on epinephrine. Technically it is a product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine. The measurement of plasma free metanephrines is considered to be the best tool in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, a rare kind of adrenal medullary neoplasm. In adrenal chromaffin cells, leakage of norepinephrine and epinephrine from storage granules leads to substantial intracellular production of the O-methylated metabolite metanephrine. In fact, the adrenals constitute the single largest source out of any organ system including the liver for circulating metanephrine. In humans, about 93 percent of circulating metanephrine is derived from catecholamines metabolized within adrenal chromaffin cells. (PMID 15317907). Metanephrine is a metabolite of epinephrine created by action of catechol O-methyltransferase on epinephrine. Technically it is a product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine. The measurement of plasma free metanephrines is considered to be the best tool in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, a rare kind of adrenal medullary neoplasm.

Nα-Acetyl-L-lysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine also known as Nepsilon-Acetyllysine or N6-Acetyllysine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at one of its nitrogen atoms. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a biologically available sidechain, N-capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-lysine. Unlike L-lysine, acetylated lysine derivatives such as N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine are zwitterionic compounds. These are molecules that contains an equal number of positively- and negatively-charged functional groups. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is found naturally in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to plants to humans. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins (often histones) by specific hydrolases. N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can be biosynthesized from L-lysine and acetyl-CoA via the enzyme known as Lysine N-acetyltransferase. Post-translational lysine-acetylation is one of two major modifications of lysine residues in various proteins – either N-terminal or N-alpha acetylation or N6 (sidechain) acetylation. Side-chain acetylation of specific lysine residues in the N-terminal domains of core histones is a biochemical marker of active genes. Acetylation is now known to play a major role in eukaryotic transcription. Specifically, acetyltransferase enzymes that act on particular lysine side chains of histones and other proteins are intimately involved in transcriptional activation. By modifying chromatin proteins and transcription-related factors, these acetylases are believed to regulate the transcription of many genes. The best-characterized mechanism is acetylation, catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes. HATs function enzymatically by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the amino group of certain lysine side chains within a histones basic N-terminal tail region. Within a histone octamer, these regions extend out from the associated globular domains, and in the context of a nucleosome, they are believed to bind the DNA through charge interactions (positively charged histone tails associated with negatively charged DNA) or mediate interactions between nucleosomes. Lysine acetylation, which neutralizes part of a tail regions positive charge, is postulated to weaken histone-DNA or nucleosome-nucleosome interactions and/or signal a conformational change, thereby destabilizing nucleosome structure or arrangement and giving other nuclear factors, such as the transcription complex, more access to a genetic locus. In agreement with this is the fact that acetylated chromatin has long been associated with states of transcriptional activation. Specific recognition of N6-acetyl-L-lysine is a conserved function of all bromodomains found in different proteins, recognized as an emerging intracellular signalling mechanism that plays critical roles in regulating gene transcription, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cytoskeletal organization (PMID: 9169194 , 10827952 , 17340003 , 16247734 , 9478947 , 10839822 ). N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from histones going through proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). Isolated from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) KEIO_ID A174 Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

Hexaconazole

C14H17Cl2N3O (313.0749)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9950; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9948 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9938; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9937 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9899 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9947; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9912; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9911 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9988; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9986

Thiacloprid

C10H9ClN4S (252.0236)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7159; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7155 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7152; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7150 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7161; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7158 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7190; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7188 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7200; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7197 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 INTERNAL_ID 52; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3024 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8424 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954; CONFIDENCE standard compound

(1R)-trans-Phenothrin

C23H26O3 (350.1882)

Fenugrin a, also known as sumithrin or phenothrin, (1s-cis)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are organic compounds similar to the pyrethrins. Some pyrethroids containing a chrysanthemic acid esterified with a cyclopentenone (pyrethrins), or with a phenoxybenzyl group. Fenugrin a is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Fenugrin a can be found in fenugreek, which makes fenugrin a a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Fenugrin a is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Following oral exposure, the treatment is symptomatic and supportive and includes monitoring for the development of hypersensitivity reactions with respiratory distress. Provide adequate airway management when needed. Gastric decontamination is usually not required unless the pyrethrin product is combined with a hydrocarbon. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. If the contamination occurs through dermal exposure, Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Vitamin E topical application is highly effective in relieving parenthesis (L363) (T3DB). P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AC - Pyrethrines, incl. synthetic compounds D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals

PUROMYCIN

C22H29N7O5 (471.223)

An aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, that causes premature chain termination during translation taking place in the ribosome. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents KEIO_ID P075; [MS2] KO009213 KEIO_ID P075

4-tert-Butylphenol

C10H14O (150.1045)

4-tert-Butylphenol, also known as butylphen or PTBP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. 4-tert-Butylphenol is a leather and oakmoss tasting compound. 4-tert-Butylphenol has been detected, but not quantified, in herbs and spices. 4-Tert-butylphenol is structurally similar to the melanin precursor tyrosine, and acts as a substrate for tyrosinase. 4-tert-Butylphenol is a potentially toxic compound. Tyrosinase oxidizes 4-tert-butylphenol to a quinone (4-tert-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione) which in turn rapidly reacts with glutathione (GSH). A depletion of the GSH defence system may allow the quinone to generate reactive oxygen species that damage melanocytes and induce apoptosis, leading to leukoderma/vitiligo.

Terephthalic acid

C8H6O4 (166.0266)

Terephthalic acid is a benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a terephthalate(1-). Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic acids. It finds important use as a commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound for the manufacture of polyester (specifically PET), used in clothing and to make plastic bottles. It is also known as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and it has the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic acids. It finds important use as a commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound for the manufacture of polyester (specifically PET), used in clothing and to make plastic bottles. It is also known as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and it has the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3335; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3333 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3324; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3322 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3316; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3314 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3300; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3298 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3319; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3316 D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID T100 Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles.

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid, also known as N-tridecanoate or C13:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tridecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tridecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Tridecanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, muskmelon, black elderberry, and coconut. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

Thiabendazole

C10H7N3S (201.0361)

Thiabendazole is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis. It has CNS side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)The precise mode of action of thiabendazole on the parasite is unknown, but it most likely inhibits the helminth-specific enzyme fumarate reductase. Thiabendazole is also used as a postharvest treatment for bananas, plantains and oranges. Registered in Canada for control of silver scurf in stored potatoes Thiabendazole is a fungicide and parasiticide. Thiabendazole is also a chelating agent, which means that it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as lead poisoning, mercury poisoning or antimony poisoning. Thiabendazole is vermicidal and/or vermifugal against Ascaris lumbricoides ("common roundworm"), Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm), Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Ancylostoma braziliense (dog and cat hookworm), Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati (ascarids), and Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Thiabendazole also suppresses egg and/or larval production and may inhibit the subsequent development of those eggs or larvae which are passed in the feces CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5826; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5824 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5833; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5831 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5856; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5854 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5860; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5859 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5848; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5844 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1201; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5840; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5838 Anthelmintic, pre- and postharvest fungicide, also freq. for vet. use. It is used as a postharvest treatment for bananas, plantains and oranges. Registered in Canada for control of silver scurf in stored potatoes D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CA - Benzimidazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8788 INTERNAL_ID 2860; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4015 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1066 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2860 KEIO_ID T028 Thiabendazole is an orally available benzimidazole fungicide with repellent and anticancer activities. Thiabendazole can result in developmental malformations. Thiabendazole can be used for modeling[1][2][3][4][5].

Methamphetamine

C10H15N (149.1204)

Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug. It is a member of the amphetamine group of sympathomimetic amines. Methamphetamine can induce effects such as euphoria, increased alertness and energy, and enhanced self-esteem. It is a scheduled drug in most countries due to its high potential for addiction and abuse. N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2829 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Zalcitabine

C9H13N3O3 (211.0957)

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3-hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of 5 to 3 phosphodiester linkages, which are needed for the elongation of DNA chains, thus resulting in the termination of viral DNA growth. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors KEIO_ID Z001 Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

Danazol

C22H27NO2 (337.2042)

Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903) [HMDB] Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9858 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9824; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9822 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9882; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9880 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9865 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9843; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9841 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

Valdecoxib

C16H14N2O3S (314.0725)

Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. [HMDB] Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Fluridone

C19H14F3NO (329.1027)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8814; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8813 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8806; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8805 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8777; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8775 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8811; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8810 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8752; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8718; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8717 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

OMETHOATE

C5H12NO4PS (213.0225)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3027

But-2-enoic acid

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

But-2-enoic acid, also known as (2E)-2-butenoate or alpha-crotonic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as straight chain organic acids. These are organic acids with a straight aliphatic chain. But-2-enoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Food flavour component KEIO_ID C093 NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite.

Doxycycline

C22H24N2O8 (444.1533)

Doxycycline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). [PubChem]Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Doxycycline prevents the normal function of the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum, a malaria causing organism. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Fludioxonil

C12H6F2N2O2 (248.0397)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4715; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4711 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4759; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4755 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4745; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4740 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4750; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4753; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4751 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 49; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4728

Phosalone

C12H15ClNO4PS2 (366.9869)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9787; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9783 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9765; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9762 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9728 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9703; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9702 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9750; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9781; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9778 Phosalone is an organophosphate chemical commonly used as an insecticide and acaricide. It is developed by Rhone-Poulenc in France but EU eliminated it from pesticide registration on December 2006. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Menadione

C11H8O2 (172.0524)

Menadione is a synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. -- Pubchem; Despite the fact that it can serve as a precursor to various types of vitamin K, menadione is generally not used as a nutritional supplement. Large doses of menadione have been reported to cause adverse outcomes including hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency, neonatal brain or liver damage, or neonatal death in some cases. Moreover, menadione supplements have been banned by the FDA because of their high toxicity. It is sometimes called vitamin K3, although derivatives of naphthoquinone without the sidechain in the 3-position cannot exert all the functions of the K vitamins. Menadione is a vitamin precursor of K2 which utilizes alkylation in the liver to yield menaquinones (MK-n, n=1-13; K2 vitamers), and hence, is better classified as a provitamin. -- Wikipedia. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02B - Vitamin k and other hemostatics > B02BA - Vitamin k D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Prothrombogenic vitamin (synthetic) Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body. Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body.

Iprodione

C13H13Cl2N3O3 (329.0334)

Iprodione is an Agricultural and horticultural fungicid CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3060 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

beta-Lapachone

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

[Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_30eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_50eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_10eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_20eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_40eV_CB000050.txt β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-robinoside 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside

C33H40O19 (740.2164)

Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, also known as kaempherol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside can be found in common bean, which makes kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].

Zidovudine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), widely used to treat HIV infection. Zidovudine increases CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing frequency.

(S)-Laudanosine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

(S)-Laudanosine is found in opium poppy. (S)-Laudanosine is an alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy Alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy). (S)-Laudanosine is found in opium poppy. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].

Arecoline

C8H13NO2 (155.0946)

Arecoline is a tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist and a metabolite. It is a tetrahydropyridine, an enoate ester, a pyridine alkaloid and a methyl ester. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is a natural product found in Piper betle and Areca catechu with data available. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease. Arecoline has been shown to exhibit apoptotic, excitant and steroidogenic functions (A7876, A7878, A7879). Arecoline belongs to the family of Alkaloids and Derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist

Roseoflavin

C18H23N5O6 (405.1648)

A benzopteridine that is riboflavin in which the methyl group at position 8 is substituted by a dimethylamino group.

Gambogic acid

C38H44O8 (628.3036)

Isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic acid is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Gambogic acid is found in fruits. Gambogic acid is isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.

aphidicolin

C20H34O4 (338.2457)

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Corilagin

C27H22O18 (634.0806)

Corilagin is a member of the class of compounds known as ellagitannins, a class of hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models: (1) a structure containing galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate, catechin, or triterpenoid units, or (2) a structure containing at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other and not containing a glycosidically linked catechin unit. Corilagin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Corilagin can be found in pomegranate, which makes corilagin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Corilagin was first isolated in 1951 from Dividivi extract and from Caesalpinia coriaria, hence the name of the molecule. It can also be found in Alchornea glandulosa and in the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate) (Wikipedia). Corilagin has been shown to exhibit thrombolytic function (PMID: 14750026). Corilagin is an ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antioxidant. It is an ellagitannin and a gallate ester. Corilagin is a natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia hyssopifolia, and other organisms with data available. Corilagin is a gallotannin. It can be found in Alchornea glandulosa. [Wikipedia] Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3]. Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3].

Debromohymenialdisine

C11H11N5O2 (245.0913)

Adrenic acid

C22H36O2 (332.2715)

Adrenic acid, also known as 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid or adrenate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Adrenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Adrenic acid can be found in blood and in human myelin tissue. Within the cell, adrenic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm, in the membrane (predicted from logP), and in the peroxisome. It can also be found in the extracellular space. In humans, adrenic acid is involved in alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Docosatetraenoic acid designates any straight chain 22:4 fatty acid. In particular, all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid with the trivial name adrenic acid (AdA). This is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid formed through a 2-carbon chain elongation of arachidonic acid. It is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain. This unsaturated fatty acid is also metabolized by cells into biologically active products, such as dihomoprostaglandins and dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (dihomo-EETs) (Wikipedia). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be a potential prothrombotic agent (PMID: 1642692). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be potential prothrombotic agent. (PMID 1642692) [HMDB]

Fumitremorgin C

C22H25N3O3 (379.1896)

Fumitremorgin C is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri. Production by Aspergillus fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri Fumitremorgin C. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=118974-02-0 (retrieved 2024-08-26) (CAS RN: 118974-02-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

Dihomolinolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid or (11z,14z,17z)-eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, dihomolinolenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Dihomolinolenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihomolinolenic acid can be found in evening primrose, which makes dihomolinolenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Dihomolinolenic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 series. In normal humans, it represents less than 0.25\\% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. However, it is one of the most active essential fatty acids when assayed for the inhibition of fatty acid elongation/desaturation reactions which convert dietary C-18 fatty acids to C-20 eicosanoid precursors. (http://www.caymanchem.com)

D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid

C5H8O5 (148.0372)

In humans, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria it is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is also formed via the normal activity of hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase during conversion of 4-hydroxybutyrate to succinate semialdehyde. The compound can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.2). In humans, there are two such enzymes (D2HGDH and L2HGDH). Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid are found in body fluids. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (OMIM: 600721) and the genetic disorder glutaric aciduria II. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (caused by loss of D2HGDH or gain of function of IDH) is rare, with symptoms including cancer, macrocephaly, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. An elevated urine level of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid has been reported in patients with spondyloenchondrodysplasia (OMIM: 271550). D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH). Additionally, the enzyme D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) can catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). Nyhan et al. (1995) described 3 female patients, 2 of them sibs, who were found to have excess accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine. The phenotype was quite variable, even among the sibs, but included mental retardation, macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, seizures, and involuntary movements. One of the patients developed severe intermittent vomiting and was given a pyloromyotomy. The electroencephalogram demonstrated hypsarrhythmia. There was an increased concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid, an unusual finding in inborn errors of metabolism. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can also be produced via gain-of-function mutations in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). IDH is part of the TCA cycle and this compound is generated in high abundance when IDH is mutated. Since D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is sufficiently similar in structure to 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), it is able to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. This inhibitory effect leads to alterations in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated hypoxic response and alterations in gene expression through global epigenetic remodeling. The net effect is that D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid causes a cascading effect that leads genetic perturbations and malignant transformation. Depending on the circumstances, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid can act as an oncometabolite, a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. A neurotoxin is compound that is toxic to neurons or nerual tissue. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. As an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5mC hydroxylases. As a result, high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate lead to genome-wide histone and DNA methylation alterations, which in turn lead to mutations that ultimately cause cancer (PMID: 29038145). As a neurotoxin, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid mediates its neurotoxicity through activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is structurally similar to the excitatory amino acid glutamate and stimul... Tissue accumulation of high amounts of D 2 hydroxyglutaric acid is the biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D 2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

Gluconolactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar. Food additive; uses include acidifier, pH control agent, sequestrant C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine

C12H21N3O8 (335.1329)

Aspartylglycosamine, also known as n4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine or 1-beta-aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Aspartylglycosamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aspartylglycosamine can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human spleen tissue. Within the cell, aspartylglycosamine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, aspartylglycosamine is found to be associated with aspartylglucosaminuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria corresponding to decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, which is a metabolic disorder associated with decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. [HMDB]

Lysergide

C20H25N3O (323.1998)

Lysergic acid diethylamide is an ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. It has a role as a hallucinogen, a serotonergic agonist and a dopamine agonist. It is an ergoline alkaloid, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a lysergamide. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist

N-Nitrosopiperidine

C5H10N2O (114.0793)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3453 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

N2-acetyllysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine also known as Nalpha-Acetyllysine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-lysine. Unlike L-lysine, acetylated lysine derivatives such as N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine are zwitterionic compounds. These are molecules that contains an equal number of positively- and negatively-charged functional groups. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine is found naturally in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to plants to humans. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618). About 85\\\% of all human proteins and 68\\\% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free lysine can also occur. In particular, N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine can be biosynthesized from L-lysine and acetyl-CoA via the enzyme known as Lysine N-acetyltransferase. Individuals with hyperlysinaemia due to L-lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase deficiency will excrete high levels of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine in their urine (PMID: 116084). L-lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase deficiency, if untreated, can lead to neurological and behavioral deficits (PMID: 116084). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). Acetyl-L-lysine is an endogenous metabolite.

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin

C10H9NO2 (175.0633)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8840 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2482 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 66

Compactin

C23H34O5 (390.2406)

A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Mevastatin (Compactin) is a first HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that belongs to the statins class. Mevastatin is a lipid-lowering agent, and induces apoptosis, arrests cancer cells in G0/G1 phase. Mevastatin also increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein levels. Mevastatin has antitumor activity and has the potential for cardiovascular diseases treatment[1][2][3]. Mevastatin (Compactin) is a first HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that belongs to the statins class. Mevastatin is a lipid-lowering agent, and induces apoptosis, arrests cancer cells in G0/G1 phase. Mevastatin also increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein levels. Mevastatin has antitumor activity and has the potential for cardiovascular diseases treatment[1][2][3].

Raltitrexed

C21H22N4O6S (458.126)

Raltitrexed is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chemotherapy drug manufactured AstraZeneca Company, is an antimetabolite used in chemotherapy. It is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.Raltitrexed is an antineoplastic Agents and folic acid antagonists. Raltitrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) leading to DNA fragmentation and cell death. It is transported into cells via a reduced folate carrier. Inside the cell Raltitrexed is extensively polyglutamated, which enhances thymidylate synthase inhibitory power and duration. Inhibition of this enzyme results in decreased synthesis of thymidine triphosphate which is required for DNA synthesis. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BA - Folic acid analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2021 - Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D01064

Procarbazine

C12H19N3O (221.1528)

Procarbazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkins disease. [PubChem]The precise mode of cytotoxic action of procarbazine has not been clearly defined. There is evidence that the drug may act by inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis. Studies have suggested that procarbazine may inhibit transmethylation of methyl groups of methionine into t-RNA. The absence of functional t-RNA could cause the cessation of protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. In addition, procarbazine may directly damage DNA. Hydrogen peroxide, formed during the auto-oxidation of the drug, may attack protein sulfhydryl groups contained in residual protein which is tightly bound to DNA. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XB - Methylhydrazines C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Oxymetholone

C21H32O3 (332.2351)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

C20H12 (252.0939)

Nadide

[C21H28N7O14P2]+ (664.1169)

[Spectral] NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) and NADP+ (exact mass = 743.07545) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Blasticidin S

C17H26N8O5 (422.2026)

Contact fungicide used against rice blast disease in Japan Blasticidin S is an antibiotic used to select transformed cells in genetic engineering. In short, DNA of interest is fused to DNA encoding a resistance gene, and then is transformed into cells. After allowing time for recovery and for cells to begin transcribing and translating their new DNA, blasticidin is added. Now only the cells that have the new DNA can grow D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents KEIO_ID B019; [MS3] KO008877 KEIO_ID B019; [MS2] KO008876 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID B019

1,5-Diphenylcarbazide

C13H14N4O (242.1168)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents KEIO_ID D166; [MS2] KO009100 KEIO_ID D166

Ganciclovir

C9H13N5O4 (255.0967)

Ganciclovir is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. [PubChem]Ganciclovirs antiviral activity inhibits virus replication. This inhibitory action is highly selective as the drug must be converted to the active form by a virus-encoded cellular enzyme, thymidine kinase (TK). TK catalyzes phosphorylation of ganciclovir to the monophosphate, which is then subsequently converted into the diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into the triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In vitro, ganciclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. When used as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, ganciclovir triphosphate competitively inhibits dATP leading to the formation of faulty DNA. This is where ganciclovir triphosphate is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention of DNA synthesis, as phosphodiester bridges can longer to be built, destabilizing the strand. Ganciclovir inhibits viral DNA polymerases more effectively than it does cellular polymerase, and chain elongation resumes when ganciclovir is removed. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AB - Nucleosides and nucleotides excl. reverse transcriptase inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AD - Antivirals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29575 - DNA Polymerase Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent KEIO_ID G088; [MS2] KO008989 KEIO_ID G088 Ganciclovir (BW 759), a nucleoside analogue, is an orally active antiviral agent with activity against CMV. Ganciclovir also has activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Ganciclovir inhibits the in vitro replication of human herpes viruses (HSV 1 and 2, CMV) and adenovirus serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 22 and 28. Ganciclovir has an IC50 of 5.2 μM for feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and can diffuse into the brain[1][2][3].

Hydroxyurea

CH4N2O2 (76.0273)

Hydroxyurea is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. [PubChem]Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hydroxyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000986 - Antisickling Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents KEIO_ID H104

Nicotinamide ribotide

C11H15N2O8P (334.0566)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NM) is a product of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reaction and a key NAD+ intermediate. The pharmacological activities of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity[1].

Cyanidin 3-glucoside

[C21H21O11]+ (449.1084)

Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-​glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-​sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes

delta-Tocotrienol

C27H40O2 (396.3028)

delta-Tocotrienol, also known as 8-methyltocotrienol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tocotrienols. These are vitamin E derivatives containing an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. They differ from tocopherols that contain a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain. Thus, delta-tocotrienol is considered to be a quinone lipid molecule. delta-Tocotrienol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. delta-Tocotrienol is found in American cranberry and palm oil. It is a nutriceutical with anticancer properties and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Constituent of palm oil. Nutriceutical with anticancer props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. d-Tocotrienol is found in many foods, some of which are fennel, caraway, coconut, and lichee. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Chrysophanol

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

Chrysophanic acid appears as golden yellow plates or brown powder. Melting point 196 °C. Slightly soluble in water. Pale yellow aqueous solutions turn red on addition of alkali. Solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid are red. (NTP, 1992) Chrysophanol is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Chrysophanol is a natural product found in Rumex dentatus, Ageratina altissima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Constituent of Rumex, Rheum subspecies Chrysophanol is found in dock, garden rhubarb, and sorrel. Chrysophanol is found in dock. Chrysophanol is a constituent of Rumex, Rheum species D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

L-Homocysteic acid

C4H9NO5S (183.0201)

L-homocysteic acid is a homocysteic acid with L-configuration. It has a role as a NMDA receptor agonist. It is an enantiomer of a D-homocysteic acid. L-Homocysteic acid is a sulfur-containing glutamic acid analog and a potent NMDA receptor agonist. It is related to homocysteine, a by-product of methionine metabolism. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Short-term incubation of lymphocytes with homocysteine or its oxidation product homocysteinic acid increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and cell necrosis [HMDB]

Normetanephrine

C9H13NO3 (183.0895)

Normetanephrine, also known as normetadrenaline or N111, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Normetanephrine is a solid that is soluble in water. Normetanephrine is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on norepinephrine. Within humans, normetanephrine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, normetanephrine can be converted into 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A. It is also involved in the metabolic disorder called transient tyrosinemia of the newborn. This compound is excreted in the urine and is found in certain tissues. It is a marker for catecholamine-secreting tumors such as pheochromocytoma (PMID: 30538672). A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors. [HMDB]

Vicenin 2

C27H30O15 (594.1585)

Constituent of lemons (Citrus limon). Vicenin 2 is found in many foods, some of which are common salsify, fenugreek, sweet orange, and cucumber. Vicenin 2 is found in citrus. Vicenin 2 is a constituent of lemons (Citrus limon) Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1]. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].

Toyomycin

C57H82O26 (1182.5094)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D002865 - Chromomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes Same as: D02062

Mitomycin

C15H18N4O5 (334.1277)

Mitomycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional alkylating agents causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis. [PubChem]Mitomycin is activated in vivo to a bifunctional and trifunctional alkylating agent. Binding to DNA leads to cross-linking and inhibition of DNA synthesis and function. Mitomycin is cell cycle phase-nonspecific. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D003432 - Cross-Linking Reagents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D008937 - Mitomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents

Cyanidin

[C15H11O6]+ (287.0556)

Cyanidin, also known as cyanidin chloride (CAS: 528-58-5), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-hydroxyflavonoids. These are flavonoids that bear one hydroxyl group at the C-7 position of the flavonoid skeleton. Thus, cyanidin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cyanidin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin is a product of cyanidin 3-​glucoside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Widely distributed anthocyanidin, found especies in Vaccinium subspecies (blueberries, bilberries, whortleberries), cherries, raspberries, red onions, red wine and black tea. Cyanidin is found in many foods, some of which are papaya, hyacinth bean, sweet basil, and abalone.

Xanthoxylin

C10H12O4 (196.0736)

obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree). Xanthoxylin is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, german camomile, fats and oils, and pomegranate. Xanthoxylin is found in fats and oils. Xanthoxylin is obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].

penitrem A

C37H44ClNO6 (633.2857)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].

Nivalenol

C15H20O7 (312.1209)

Nivalenol is a trichothecene produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.(PubChem). It has been reported in the urine of patients suffering chronic idiopathic spastic paraparesis. These patients are usually found in hot and humid regions, most of which have heavy rains, and these conditions allow foods to be polluted by fungi some of which become toxigenic (PubMed ID 8855894 ). Nivalenol is a trichothecene produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.(PubChem) D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins

1-Hydroxyisoquinoline

C9H7NO (145.0528)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 70 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Ubiquinone 6

C39H58O4 (590.4335)

Ubiquinone-6 is a member of the chemical class known as Polyprenylbenzoquinones. These are compounds containing a polyisoprene chain attached to a quinone at the second ring position. Ubiquione-6 has just 6 isoprene units. Normally in humans it has 10. Ubiquinone-6 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Ubiquionone 10. It is an endogenouse compound but it has also been isolated from foods containing bakers yeast. Ubiquionone 10 (CoQ10) is involved in cellular respiration. It is fat-soluble and is therefore mobile in cellular membranes; it plays a unique role in the electron transport chain (ETC). In the inner bacterial membrane, electrons from NADH and succinate pass through the ETC to the oxygen, which is then reduced to water. The transfer of electrons through ETC results in the pumping of H+ across the membrane creating a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used by ATP synthase (located on the membrane) to generate ATP. Isolated from bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Adenosine diphosphate ribose

C15H23N5O14P2 (559.0717)

Adenosine diphosphate ribose is a molecule formed into poly(ADP-ribose) or PAR chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase or PARP. PARP is found in every cell nucleus. Its main role is to detect and signal single-strand DNA breaks (SSB) to the enzymatic machinery involved in the SSB repair. PARP activation is an immediate cellular response to metabolic, chemical, or radiation-induced DNA SSB damage. Once PARP detects a SSB, it binds to the DNA, and, after a structural change, begins the synthesis of a poly (ADP-ribose) chain (PAR) as a signal for the other DNA-repairing enzymes such as DNA ligase III (LigIII), DNA polymerase beta, and scaffolding proteins such as X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1). After repairing, the PAR chains are degraded via PAR glycohydrolase (PARG). ADP-ribose binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel. Adenosine diphosphate ribose is an intermediate in NAD metabolism. The enzyme NAD(P)+ nucleosidase [EC:3.2.2.6] catalyzes the production of this metabolite from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. This reaction is irreversible and occurs in the cytosol. Adenosine diphosphate ribose is a molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

N-Dodecane

C12H26 (170.2034)

N-Dodecane is found in black walnut. Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3. It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series and has 355 isomers. (Wikipedia). Dodecane is a volatile organic compound found in feces of patients with Clostridium difficile infection, and considered as a potential fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID: 30986230). Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3. It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series and has 355 isomers. N-Dodecane is found in papaya, black walnut, and garden tomato (variety). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Tridecane

C13H28 (184.2191)

Tridecane appears as an oily straw yellow clear liquid with a hydrocarbon odor. Flash point 190-196 °F. Specific gravity 0.76. Boiling point 456 °F. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may irritate or redden skin, progressing to dermatitis. Exposure to high concentrations of vapor may result in headache and stupor. Tridecane is a straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Tridecane is a natural product found in Dryopteris assimilis, Thyanta perditor, and other organisms with data available. Tridecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)11CH3. Tridecane is found in allspice and it is also isolated from lime oil. It is a light, combustible colourless liquid that is used in the manufacture of paraffin products, the paper processing industry, in jet fuel research and in the rubber industry; furthermore, tridecane is used as a solvent and distillation chaser. n-tridecane is also one of the major chemicals secreted by some insects as a defense against predators. Tridecane has 802 constitutional isomers A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. Isolated from lime oil Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2]. Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2].

Formaldehyde

CH2O (30.0106)

Formaldehyde is a highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) -- Pubchem; The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal), is a gas with a pungent smell. It is the simplest aldehyde. Its chemical formula is H2CO. Formaldehyde was first synthesized by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859 but was conclusively identified by August Wilhelm van Hofmann in 1867. Although formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, it is readily soluble in water, and it is most commonly sold as a 37\\% solution in water called by trade names such as formalin or formol. In water, formaldehyde polymerizes, and formalin actually contains very little formaldehyde in the form of H2CO monomer. Usually, these solutions contain a few percent methanol to limit the extent of polymerization. Formaldehyde exhibits most of the general chemical properties of the aldehydes, except that is generally more reactive than other aldehydes. Formaldehyde is a potent electrophile. It can participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aromatic compounds and can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with alkenes. In the presence of basic catalysts, formaldehyde undergoes a Cannizaro reaction to produce formic acid and methanol. Because formaldehyde resins are used in many construction materials, including plywood, carpet, and spray-on insulating foams, and because these resins slowly give off formaldehyde over time, formaldehyde is one of the more common indoor air pollutants. At concentrations above 0.1 mg/kg in air, inhaled formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, resulting in watery eyes, headache, a burning sensation in the throat, and difficulty breathing. -- Wikipedia. A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Formaldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, lentils, coriander, and allspice. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants D005404 - Fixatives

Pepstatin

C34H63N5O9 (685.4626)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D010436 - Pepstatins C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor Pepstatin (Pepstatin A) is a specific, orally active aspartic protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively. Pepstatin also inhibits HIV protease[1][2]. Pepstatin (Pepstatin A) is a specific, orally active aspartic protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively. Pepstatin also inhibits HIV protease[1][2].

1-Hexadecanol

C16H34O (242.261)

Cetyl alcohol, also known as 1-hexadecanol and palmityl alcohol, is a solid organic compound and a member of the alcohol class of compounds. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)15OH. At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. It belongs to the group of fatty alcohols. With the demise of commercial whaling, cetyl alcohol is no longer primarily produced from whale oil, but instead either as an end-product of the petroleum industry, or produced from vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil. Production of cetyl alcohol from palm oil gives rise to one of its alternative names, palmityl alcohol. Flavouring ingredient. Cetyl alcohol is found in many foods, some of which are rocket salad (sspecies), soft-necked garlic, bitter gourd, and kohlrabi. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate.

CYCLOHEXANOL

C6H12O (100.0888)

Cyclohexanol, also known as hexahydrophenol or hexalin, is a member of the class of compounds known as cyclohexanols. Cyclohexanols are compounds containing an alcohol group attached to a cyclohexane ring. Cyclohexanol is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclohexanol is a camphor, menthol, and phenol tasting compound found in garden tomato (variety), okra, and sweet basil, which makes cyclohexanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyclohexanol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CHOH. The molecule is related to cyclohexane ring by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon .

3,5-Cyclic IMP

C10H11N4O7P (330.0365)

A 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.

3-Dehydroquinic acid

C7H10O6 (190.0477)

3-Dehydroquinic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. 3-Dehydroquinic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In most organisms, 3-dehydroquinic acid is synthesized from D-erythrose-4-phosphate in two steps. However, archaea genomes contain no orthologs for the genes that encode these first two steps. Instead, archaeabacteria appear to utilize an alternative pathway in which 3-dehydroquinic acid is synthesized from 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose-1-phosphate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde. These two compounds are first condensed to form 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate, which cyclizes to 3-dehydroquinic acid. From 3-dehydroquinic acid and on to chorismate, the archaeal pathway appears to be identical to the bacterial pathway. In most organisms, 3-dehydroquinate is synthesized from D-erythrose-4-phosphate in two steps . However, the genomes of the archaea contain no orthologs for the genes that encode these first two steps. Instead, archaeabacteria appear to utilize an alternative pathway in which 3-dehydroquinate is synthesized from 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose-1-phosphate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde . These two compounds are first condensed to form 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate , which cyclizes to 3-dehydroquinate . From 3-dehydroquinate and on to chorismate , the archaeal pathway appears to be identical to the bacterial pathway [HMDB]. 3-Dehydroquinate is found in many foods, some of which are allium (onion), cashew nut, american cranberry, and common wheat.

6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone

C6H11O9P (258.0141)

6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone, also known as D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate or 6-pgdl, is a member of the class of compounds known as hexose phosphates. Hexose phosphates are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found in a number of food items such as chicory leaves, pepper (c. chinense), opium poppy, and green bell pepper, which makes 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is involved in warburg effect, which is a metabolic disorder. 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (d-6PGL) is the immediate product of the Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), the first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate pathway. (PMID 3711719). The pentose-phosphate pathway provides reductive power and nucleotide precursors to the cell through oxidative and nonoxidative branches. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is the second enzyme of the oxidative branch and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactones, the products of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. By efficiently catalyzing the hydrolysis of d-6PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase prevents the reaction between d-6PGL and intracellular nucleophiles; such a reaction would interrupt the functioning of the pentose-phosphate pathway. (PMID 11457850).

Hygromycin B

C20H37N3O13 (527.2326)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

ADP-D-ribose

C15H23N5O14P2 (559.0717)

A nucleotide-sugar having ADP as the nucleotide fragment and D-ribofuranos-5-yl as the sugar component. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Phytanoyl-CoA

C41H74N7O17P3S (1061.4075)

Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsums syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698). [HMDB] Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsums syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698).

Nicotinamide riboside

C11H15N2O5+ (255.0981)

Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for the elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Nicotinamide riboside has recently been discovered to be an NAD(+) precursor that is converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. It has been shown that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends the lifespan of certain animal models without calorie restriction (PMID: 17482543). Supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (PMID: 22682224). Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role in the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID: 15137942). Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside has been identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role for phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID 15137942). [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

2-Chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone

C10H5ClO2 (191.9978)

adenosine 5-phosphoramidate

C10H15N6O6P (346.0791)

The phosphoramadite analogue of AMP.

L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate

C5H13N2O6P (228.0511)

L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is found in animal foods. L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is isolated from numerous animals including chicken, fish and reptile Isolated from numerous animals including chicken, fish and reptiles. L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is found in fishes and animal foods.

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate

C9H12FN2O8P (326.0315)

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate is a metabolite of floxuridine. Floxuridine (also 5-fluorodeoxyuridine) is an oncology drug that belongs to the class known as antimetabolites. The drug is most often used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. (Wikipedia)

1,2-Epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane

C9H9NO4 (195.0532)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one is a metabolite in bile acid synthesis. It is derived from 7a-hydroxy-cholesterol and can be further metabolized to 7a,12a,-dihydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one. Analysis of 7a-Hydroxycholestene-3-one (HCO) in serum may serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown origin (PMID 9952217) [HMDB] 7a-Hydroxy-cholestene-3-one is a metabolite in bile acid synthesis. It is derived from 7a-hydroxy-cholesterol and can be further metabolized to 7a,12a,-dihydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one. Analysis of 7a-Hydroxycholestene-3-one (HCO) in serum may serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown origin (PMID 9952217).

Isopyridoxal

C8H9NO3 (167.0582)

Isopyridoxal is an active vitamer of the B6 complex in humans. (PMID 2208740). Vitamin B(6) is an essential component in human diet. (PMID 12686115). Vitamin B6 status (together with other vitamins from the B complex) is also related to Hyperhomocysteinemia, which has been linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. (PMID 16407736). Isopyridoxal is an active vitamer of the B6 complex in humans. (PMID 2208740)

Ethylene

C2H4 (28.0313)

Polyethylene (m w 2,000-21,000) is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") Occurs naturally in ripening fruit and is used artificially to accelerate fruit ripening, e.g in banana transportation D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical

2-Oxazolidinone

C3H5NO2 (87.032)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones

Lomustine

C9H16ClN3O2 (233.0931)

Lomustine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. [PubChem]Lomustine is a highly lipophilic nitrosourea compound which undergoes hydrolysis in vivo to form reactive metabolites. These metabolites cause alkylation and cross-linking of DNA (at the O6 position of guanine-containing bases) and RNA, thus inducing cytotoxicity. Other biologic effects include inhibition of DNA synthesis and some cell cycle phase specificity. Nitrosureas generally lack cross-resistance with other alkylating agents. As lomustine is a nitrosurea, it may also inhibit several key processes such as carbamoylation and modification of cellular proteins. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Pyrvinium

C26H28N3+ (382.2283)

Pyrvinium, also known as molevac or pyrcon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrroles. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrrole ring through a CC or CN bond. Pyrvinium is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent

Fucosterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Characteristic sterol of seaweeds; isolated from bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus. Fucosterol is found in lemon grass and coconut. Fucosterol is found in coconut. Characteristic sterol of seaweeds; isolated from bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosu Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1]. Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1].

Heliamine

C11H15NO2 (193.1103)

An isoquinoline that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.

Cyanobenzene

C7H5N (103.0422)

Bikaverin

C20H14O8 (382.0689)

A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 10H-benzo[b]xanthene-7,10,12-trione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 11, methoxy groups at positions 3 and 8 and a methyl group at position 1.

Gliotoxin

C13H14N2O4S2 (326.0395)

Gliotoxin is a pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. It has a role as a mycotoxin, an immunosuppressive agent, an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor, a proteasome inhibitor and an antifungal agent. It is an organic disulfide, a pyrazinoindole, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a dipeptide. Gliotoxin is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Aspergillus cejpii, and other organisms with data available. Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic produced by several species of fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans such as Aspergillus, and also by species of Trichoderma, and Penicillium. Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive properties as it may suppress and cause apoptosis in certain types of cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, eosinophils, granulocytes, macrophages, and thymocytes. (L1941) A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent. A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant

Acronine

C20H19NO3 (321.1365)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product An alkaloid antineoplastic agent isolated from Acronychia baueri. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Same as: D02378

3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde

C8H6O3 (150.0317)

3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is found in highbush blueberry. 3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is a flavouring agent used in cherry and vanilla flavour Flavouring agent used in cherry and vanilla flavours. 3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is found in pepper (spice), highbush blueberry, and vanilla.

Propylene

C3H6 (42.0469)

Propene, also known as 1-propylene or methylethene, is a member of the class of compounds known as unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are aliphatic Hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms. These compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds. Propene can be found in soft-necked garlic, which makes propene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Foscan

C44H32N4O4 (680.2423)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XD - Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Same as: D06066

CB3717

C24H23N5O6 (477.1648)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Telomestatin

C26H14N8O7S (582.0706)

Telomestatin is a naturally occurring organic compound classified as a cyclic phenolphthioceramide derivative. It is isolated from the fermentation broth of microorganisms and is known for its antitumor properties. The name "telomestatin" reflects its primary mode of action, which is the inhibition of telomerase, an enzyme crucial for the maintenance of chromosome stability and cell proliferation, particularly in cancer cells where telomerase activity is often elevated. Telomerase is responsible for adding repetitive DNA sequences called telomeres to the ends of chromosomes, which prevents the loss of genetic material during DNA replication and cell division. By inhibiting telomerase, telomestatin interferes with the ability of cancer cells to divide and proliferate, making it a potential candidate for antitumor therapy. The compound's unique chemical structure allows it to bind specifically to the telomerase RNA component, thereby blocking the enzyme's activity. The discovery and study of telomestatin have contributed to the understanding of telomerase biology and the development of potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

Neocarzinostatin chromophore

C35H33NO12 (659.2003)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

(Z)-2-CHLORO-2-BUTENE

C4H6N2O2S (146.015)

An imidothiocarbamic ester that is (2Z)-prop-2-enoic acid with a carbamimidoylsulfanyl group at position 3.

Nafoxidine

C29H31NO2 (425.2355)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C1971 - Angiogenesis Activator Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent

Dicofol

C14H9Cl5O (367.9096)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

Phthalazone

C8H6N2O (146.048)

Camphorquinone

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

2-Nitroimidazole

C3H3N3O2 (113.0225)

Azomycin (2-Nitroimidazole) is an antibiotic which can be active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Ethyl-4,4-dichlorobenzilate

C16H14Cl2O3 (324.032)

ICI 164384

C34H55NO3 (525.4182)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol

C20H14O2 (286.0994)

This compound belongs to the family of Pyrenes. These are compounds containing a pyrene moiety, which consists four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.

Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide

C20H14O3 (302.0943)

Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide, also known as BPDE or benzo(a)Pyrene diol epoxide, is classified as a member of the Pyrenes. Pyrenes are compounds containing a pyrene moiety, which consists four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. It is a carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which forms adducts with DNA and proteins and is hydrolysed to BPDE tetrols. It is used as a marker for BaP exposure (a surrogate marker for PAHs). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Cgp 52608

C8H12N4OS2 (244.0453)

ST 27:2;O2

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

Toxoflavin

C7H7N5O2 (193.06)

A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.

Coronatine

C18H25NO4 (319.1783)

Trabectedin

C39H43N3O11S (761.2618)

Trabectedin, also referred as ET-743 during its development, is a marine derived antitumoral agent discovered in the Carribean tunicate _Ecteinascidia turbinata_ and now produced synthetically. Trabectedin has a unique mechanism of action. It binds to the minor groove of DNA interfering with cell division and genetic transcription processes and DNA repair machinery. It is approved for use in Europe, Russia and South Korea for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma refractory to or unsuitable to receive anthracycline or ifosfamide chemotherapy. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Hygromycin A

C23H29NO12 (511.169)

A natural product found in Streptomyces species.

Oxocamphor

C10H14O2 (166.0994)

Hygromycin B

C20H37N3O13 (527.2326)

Hygromycin B is a fda approved antibiotic food additive for swine and poultry Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. In the laboratory it is used for the selection and maintenance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that contain the hygromycin resistance gene. The resistance gene is a kinase that inactivates hygromycin B through phosphorylation. Since the discovery of hygromycin-resistance genes, hygromycin B has become a standard selection antibiotic in gene transfer experiments in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents FDA approved antibiotic food additive for swine and poultry Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

2-Hydroxyglutarate

C5H8O5 (148.0372)

2-Hydroxyglutarate exists in 2 isomers: L-2-hydroxyglutarate acid and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid (EC 1.1.99.2) are found in body fluids. In humans it is part of butanoate metabolic pathway and can be produced by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). More specifically, the enzyme PHGDH catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of ?-ketoglutarate (AKG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). 2-hydroxyglutarate is also the product of gain-of-function mutations in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Additionally, 2-hydroxyglutarate can be converted to ?-ketoglutaric acid through the action of 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (HGDH). Humans have to variants of this enzyme: D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). A deficiency in either of these two enzymes can lead to a disease known as 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (caused by loss of L2HGDH) is chronic, with early symptoms such as hypotonia, tremors, and epilepsy declining into spongiform leukoencephalopathy, muscular choreodystonia, mental retardation, and psychomotor regression. D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (caused by loss of D2HGDH or gain of function of IDH) is rare, with symptoms including cancer, macrocephaly, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. 2-hydroxyglutarate was the first oncometabolite (or cancer-causing metabolite) to be formally named or identified. In cancer it is either produced by overexpression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) or is produced in excess by gain-of-function mutations in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). IDH is part of TCA cycle and is generated in high abundance when IDH is mutated. 2-hydroxyglutarate is sufficiently similar in structure to 2-oxogluratate (2OG) that it is able to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. This inhibitory effect leads to alterations in the hypoxia induced factor (HIF)-mediated hypoxic response and alterations in gene expression through global epigenetic remodeling. The net effect is that 2-hydroxyglutarate causes a cascading effect that leads genetic perturbations and malignant transformation. Furthermore, 2-hydroxyglutarate is found to be associated with glutaric aciduria II, which is also an inborn error of metabolism. 2-Hydroxyglutarate has also been found to be a metabolite in Aspergillus (PMID: 6057807).

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin is a flavone C-glycoside consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetrahydroxyflavone and a flavone C-glycoside. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of an isoorientin(1-). Isoorientin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Itea chinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). A C-glycosyl compound consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a vitexin-7-olate. Vitexin is a natural product found in Itea chinensis, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Cytisus scoparius flowering top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of) ... View More ... An apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Alliin

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

Alliin, also known as (S)-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide or (S)-3-(allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Alliin is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alliin can be found in a number of food items such as red rice, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), ceylon cinnamon, and olive, which makes alliin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Garlic has been used since antiquity as a therapeutic remedy for certain conditions now associated with oxygen toxicity, and, when this was investigated, garlic did indeed show strong antioxidant and hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties, it is presumed owing to the alliin contained within. Alliin has also been found to affect immune responses in blood . 3-(Allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine is a L-alpha-amino acid. Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Alliin is the main active component of garlic. (±)-Alliin is a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro)[1]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

1-Triacontanol

C30H62O (438.48)

Triacontan-1-ol is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is triacontane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a fatty alcohol 30:0 and an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol. 1-Triacontanol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Euphorbia dracunculoides, and other organisms with data available. See also: Saw Palmetto (part of); Iris versicolor root (part of).

Robinin

C33H40O19 (740.2164)

Robinin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Robinin is a natural product found in Aconitum anthora, Astragalus aegobromus, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

Neoisoastilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1].

Diosgenin

C27H42O3 (414.3134)

Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].

penitrem A

C37H44ClNO6 (633.2857)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].

(-)-Abscisic acid

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

Ajmalicine

C21H24N2O3 (352.1787)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

DL-Homocysteic acid

C4H9NO5S (183.0201)

DL-Methamphetamine

C10H15N (149.1204)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators

Thiacloprid

C10H9ClN4S (252.0236)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals

(E)-Butylidene phthalide

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(e)-butylidene phthalide, also known as 3-butylidene-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone, is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofuranones. Isobenzofuranones are compounds containing a 2-benzofuran moiety that carries an oxo group at the 1 position (e)-butylidene phthalide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (e)-butylidene phthalide can be found in wild celery, which makes (e)-butylidene phthalide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Pseudouridine

C9H12N2O6 (244.0695)

Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].

Perillyl alcohol

C10H16O (152.1201)

Perillyl alcohol is a limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Perillyl alcohol is a natural product found in Trachyspermum anethifolium, Geum heterocarpum, and other organisms with data available. Perillyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring monoterpene related to limonene with antineoplastic activity. Perillyl alcohol inhibits farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase, thereby preventing post-translational protein farnesylation and isoprenylation and activation of oncoproteins such as p21-ras, and arresting tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (NCI04) Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID: 9855569) [HMDB]. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, ginger, german camomile, and sweet bay. Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID:9855569). A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1].

Vicenin

C27H30O15 (594.1585)

Isovitexin 8-C-beta-glucoside is a C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a C-glycosyl compound. It is functionally related to an isovitexin. Vicenin-2 is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Pseudarrhenatherum longifolium, and other organisms with data available. A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1]. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].

Abscisic_acid

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

(+)-abscisic acid is the naturally occurring (1S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. It has a role as a plant hormone and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (+)-abscisate. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-abscisic acid. Abscisic acid is a natural product found in Macaranga triloba, Cuscuta pentagona, and other organisms with data available. Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits. The naturally occurring (1S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators 2-cis-abscisic acid is a member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry. It has a role as an abscisic acid receptor agonist. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-cis-abscisate. Dormin is a natural product found in Axinella polypoides, Botrytis cinerea, and Leptosphaeria maculans with data available. Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits. (±)-Abscisic acid is an orally active plant hormone that is present also in animals. (±)-Abscisic acid (ABA) contributes to the regulation of glycemia in mammals[1]. (±)-Abscisic acid is an orally active plant hormone that is present also in animals. (±)-Abscisic acid (ABA) contributes to the regulation of glycemia in mammals[1]. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2]. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2].

Xanthoxylin

C10H12O4 (196.0736)

obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree). Xanthoxylin is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, german camomile, fats and oils, and pomegranate. Xanthoxylin is a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to a phloroglucinol. Xanthoxylin is a natural product found in Euphorbia portulacoides, Pulicaria incisa, and other organisms with data available. Xanthoxylin is found in fats and oils. Xanthoxylin is obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

2-hydroxyglutaric acid

C5H8O5 (148.0372)

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.

menadione

C11H8O2 (172.0524)

A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02B - Vitamin k and other hemostatics > B02BA - Vitamin k D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body. Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body.

hydroxyurea

CH4N2O2 (76.0273)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000986 - Antisickling Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Gluconolactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.

Vitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

Astilbin

C21H22O11 (450.1162)

Neoisoastilbin is a natural product found in Smilax corbularia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Astilbin is a flavonoid compound and enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research[1][21][3]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1]. Neoisoastilbin possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic and anti-Inflammatory activities[1].

Isoorientin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isolated from wheat leaves (Triticum species). Isoorientin 6-diglucoside is found in wheat and cereals and cereal products. Isoorientin is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isoorientin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isoorientin can be found in a number of food items such as oat, prairie turnip, common buckwheat, and common salsify, which makes isoorientin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in Gentiana olivieri . Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.

cyanidin

C15H11O6+ (287.0556)

Thujone

C10H16O (152.1201)

α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Fucosterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol belongs to stigmastanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24 (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol can be found in horseradish tree and sunflower, which makes (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1]. Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1].

Cucurbitacin B

C32H46O8 (558.3193)

Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5].

Costunolide

C15H20O2 (232.1463)

Costunolide is a germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. It has a role as an anthelminthic drug, an antiinfective agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antiviral drug and a metabolite. It is a germacranolide and a heterobicyclic compound. (+)-Costunolide is a natural product found in Magnolia garrettii, Critonia morifolia, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics A germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3]. Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3].

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

Fludioxonil

C12H6F2N2O2 (248.0397)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 162

thiabendazole

C10H7N3S (201.0361)

D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CA - Benzimidazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3180 Thiabendazole is an orally available benzimidazole fungicide with repellent and anticancer activities. Thiabendazole can result in developmental malformations. Thiabendazole can be used for modeling[1][2][3][4][5].

Zidovudine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3287 Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), widely used to treat HIV infection. Zidovudine increases CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing frequency.

Doxycycline

C22H24N2O8 (444.1533)

Tetracycline in which the 5beta-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group, while the 6alpha-hydroxy group is replaced by hydrogen. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3678

Boldine

C19H21NO4 (327.1471)

Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (s)-boldine is a member of the class of compounds known as aporphines. Aporphines are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system or a dehydrogenated derivative thereof (s)-boldine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-boldine can be found in sweet bay, which makes (s)-boldine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H21NO4; Bottle Name:Boldine hydrochloride; PRIME Parent Name:Boldine; PRIME in-house No.:V0322; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.487 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.480 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.482 IPB_RECORD: 841; CONFIDENCE confident structure Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].

Laudanosine

C21H27NO4 (357.194)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.628 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.624 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2441; CONFIDENCE confident structure DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].

Abscisic Acid

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.880 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.877 Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2]. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2].

Chrysophanic acid

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.321 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.322 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.318 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.324 Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

Valdecoxib

C16H14N2O3S (314.0725)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Mevastatin

C23H34O5 (390.2406)

Mevastatin is a carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. It has a role as a fungal metabolite, an EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor, an antifungal agent, a Penicillium metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a carboxylic ester, a statin (naturally occurring), a member of hexahydronaphthalenes, a member of 2-pyranones and a polyketide. Mevastatin (Compactin) is a first HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that belongs to the statins class. Mevastatin is a lipid-lowering agent, and induces apoptosis, arrests cancer cells in G0/G1 phase. Mevastatin also increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein levels. Mevastatin has antitumor activity and has the potential for cardiovascular diseases treatment. Mevastatin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=73573-88-3 (retrieved 2024-10-09) (CAS RN: 73573-88-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

chromomycin a3

C57H82O26 (1182.5094)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D002865 - Chromomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent

5-Hydroxymethyluracil

C5H6N2O3 (142.0378)

A primary alcohol that is uracil bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 5-position. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is a product of oxidative DNA damage. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be used as a potential epigenetic mark enhancing or inhibiting transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is a product of oxidative DNA damage. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be used as a potential epigenetic mark enhancing or inhibiting transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase.

Isopyridoxal

C8H9NO3 (167.0582)

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-5-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

δ-Tocotrienol

C27H40O2 (396.3028)

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.

Adenosine diphosphate

C10H15N5O10P2 (427.0294)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors.

Tridecylic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

L-Homocysteic acid

C4H9NO5S (183.0201)

NORMETANEPHRINE

C9H13NO3 (183.0895)

Metanephrine

C10H15NO3 (197.1052)

Arctiin

C27H34O11 (534.2101)

Annotation level-1 Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity. Arctiin (NSC 315527) is a plant lignan extracted from burdock seeds and has anti-cancer activity.

N6-acetyl-L-lysine

C8H16N2O3 (188.1161)

An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; DTERQYGMUDWYAZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N_STSL_0232_N-epsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine (N6)_8000fmol_190114_S2_LC02MS02_018; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

hydroorotic acid

C5H6N2O4 (158.0328)

Terephthalic acid

C8H6O4 (166.0266)

D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles.

Danazol

C22H27NO2 (337.2042)

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid

Raltitrexed

C21H22N4O6S (458.126)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BA - Folic acid analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2021 - Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Pseudouridine

C9H12N2O6 (244.0695)

A C-glycosyl pyrimidine that consists of uracil having a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue attached at position 5. The C-glycosyl isomer of the nucleoside uridine. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].

procarbazine

C12H19N3O (221.1528)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XB - Methylhydrazines C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

Pristimerin

C30H40O4 (464.2926)

Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid

C6H10O5 (162.0528)

D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Meglutol is an antilipidemic agent that lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids, and inhibits hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Meglutol is an antilipidemic agent that lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids, and inhibits hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide

C11H15N2O8P (334.0566)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NM) is a product of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reaction and a key NAD+ intermediate. The pharmacological activities of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity[1].

CID 440908

C15H20O7 (312.1209)

D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

phenothrin

C23H26O3 (350.1882)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AC - Pyrethrines, incl. synthetic compounds D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D011722 - Pyrethrins D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5809; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5806 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5831; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5829 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5837; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5834 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5839; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5837 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10868; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10863 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 672; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10984; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10980

Crotonic acid

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

A but-2-enoic acid with a trans- double bond at C-2. It has been isolated from Daucus carota. But-2-enoic acid is fatty acid formed by the action of fatty acid synthases from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. It is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, it is the product of reaction between (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid and fatty acid synthase. [HMDB]. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite.

Merfect

C10H7N3S (201.0361)

D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AC - Imidazole and triazole derivatives P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CA - Benzimidazole derivatives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent Thiabendazole is an orally available benzimidazole fungicide with repellent and anticancer activities. Thiabendazole can result in developmental malformations. Thiabendazole can be used for modeling[1][2][3][4][5].

7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one

C27H44O2 (400.3341)

Fumitremorgin C

C22H25N3O3 (379.1896)

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.

C13:0

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

FA 4:1

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite.

FA 5:1;O3

C5H8O5 (148.0372)

FOH 16:0

C16H34O (242.261)

1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate.

n-Dodecane

C12H26 (170.2034)

A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Coenzyme Q6

C39H58O4 (590.4335)

IPRODIONE

C13H13Cl2N3O3 (329.0334)

D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides

10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid

C24H23N5O6 (477.1648)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

N-n-Butyl-N-methyl-11-(3,17beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7alpha-yl)undecanamide

C34H55NO3 (525.4182)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

C20H12 (252.0939)

TEMOPORFIN

C44H32N4O4 (680.2423)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XD - Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents

Atractylenolide I

C15H18O2 (230.1307)

Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent.

Myristicin

C11H12O3 (192.0786)

Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1].

Tridekan

C13H28 (184.2191)

Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2]. Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2].

Pelmin

C6H6N2O (122.048)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].

Dodekan

C12H26 (170.2034)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

AI3-20480

C30H62O (438.48)

LS-631

C8H6O3 (150.0317)

AI3-06287

C4H6O2 (86.0368)

NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite. NSC 8751 is an endogenous metabolite.

Isoguanine

C5H5N5O (151.0494)

Crysophanol

C15H10O4 (254.0579)

D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

Helixin

C41H66O12 (750.4554)

alpha-Hederin (α-Hederin), a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits promising antitumor potential against a variety of human cancer cell lines. alpha-Hederin could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway[1]. alpha-Hederin (α-Hederin), a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits promising antitumor potential against a variety of human cancer cell lines. alpha-Hederin could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway[1].

I6783_SIGMA

C20H30O2 (302.2246)

D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.

Obepin

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].

Tridecanoic acid

C13H26O2 (214.1933)

Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].

Ethol

C16H34O (242.261)

1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate.

brevifolin

C10H12O4 (196.0736)

Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].

Arecolin

C8H13NO2 (155.0946)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist

Norboldine

C18H19NO4 (313.1314)

Butylphen

C10H14O (150.1045)

EU-0100717

C15H14O3 (242.0943)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.

Ethylene

C2H4 (28.0313)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical It is used as a food additive .

Benzonitrile

C7H5N (103.0422)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

Cyanidin 3-glucoside

C21H21O11+ (449.1084)

Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-​glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-​sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes

Blasticidin S

C17H26N8O5 (422.2026)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

1-methyl-3-[(Z)-(4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)amino]thiourea

C8H12N4OS2 (244.0453)

Ligusticum lactone

C12H12O2 (188.0837)

(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].

Cuc B

C32H46O8 (558.3193)

Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B is a natural product found in Begonia plebeja, Trichosanthes miyagii, and other organisms with data available. A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5].

Norboldine

C18H19NO4 (313.1314)

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. An aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase.

formaldehyde

CH2O (30.0106)

An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants D005404 - Fixatives

ganciclovir

C9H13N5O4 (255.0967)

An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AB - Nucleosides and nucleotides excl. reverse transcriptase inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AD - Antivirals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29575 - DNA Polymerase Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Ganciclovir (BW 759), a nucleoside analogue, is an orally active antiviral agent with activity against CMV. Ganciclovir also has activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Ganciclovir inhibits the in vitro replication of human herpes viruses (HSV 1 and 2, CMV) and adenovirus serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 22 and 28. Ganciclovir has an IC50 of 5.2 μM for feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and can diffuse into the brain[1][2][3].

Mitomycin

C15H18N4O5 (334.1277)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D003432 - Cross-Linking Reagents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D008937 - Mitomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents

Cetyl alcohol

C16H34O (242.261)

A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate. 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate.

Zalcitabine

C9H13N3O3 (211.0957)

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

1-Nitrosopiperidine

C5H10N2O (114.0793)

A nitrosamine that is piperidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. One of the many carcinogens detected in cigarette smoke, it is found in meat, cheese and spices that have been treated with the preservative sodium nitrite. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

lomustine

C9H16ClN3O2 (233.0931)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

FLURIDONE

C19H14F3NO (329.1027)

D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals

5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid

C20H25N7O6 (459.1866)

5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-Methyl THF) is a biologically active form of folic acid. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a methylated derivate of tetrahydrofolate. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is the predominant natural dietary folate and the principal form of folate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid[1]. Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements[1][2].

(2R)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H8O5 (148.0372)

NICOTINAMIDE-adenine-dinucleotide

C21H28N7O14P2+ (664.1169)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin

C10H9NO2 (175.0633)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

oxazolidinone

C3H5NO2 (87.032)

An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones

Nicotinamide riboside

C11H15N2O5+ (255.0981)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Pyrvinium

C26H28N3+ (382.2283)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent

Kuromanin

C21H21O11+ (449.1084)

2-[(4-Nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxirane

C9H9NO4 (195.0532)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors

N-Acetylglucosaminylasparagine

C12H21N3O8 (335.1329)

An N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine having (beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl as the glycosyl component.

1-Hydroxyisoquinoline

C9H7NO (145.0528)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

C11H15NO2 (193.1103)

3-Dehydroquinic acid

C7H10O6 (190.0477)

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from quinic acid by oxidation of the hydroxy group at position 3 to the corresponding keto group.

ADP-Ribose

C15H23N5O14P2 (559.0717)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate

C6H11O9P (258.0141)

5-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate

C9H12FN2O8P (326.0315)

Tomudex

C21H22N4O6S (458.126)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BA - Folic acid analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2021 - Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D01064

Foscan

C44H32N4O4 (680.2423)

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XD - Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Same as: D06066

propene

C3H6 (42.0469)

PIPERONAL

C8H6O3 (150.0317)

An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum.

Azomycin

C3H3N3O2 (113.0225)

Azomycin (2-Nitroimidazole) is an antibiotic which can be active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

22:4n6

C22H36O2 (332.2715)

The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13- and 16-positions. One of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain.

(+)-Abscisic acid

C15H20O4 (264.1362)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2]. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasma membrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[1][2].

Homocysteic acid

C4H9NO5S (183.0201)

Icosatrienoic acid

C20H34O2 (306.2559)

D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

C6H10O6 (178.0477)

phosalone

C12H15ClNO4PS2 (366.9869)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals

Kelthane

C14H9Cl5O (367.9096)

D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals

4-tert-Butylphenol

C10H14O (150.1045)

3-(Allylsulfinyl)-L-alanine

C6H11NO3S (177.046)

D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Diphenylcarbazide

C13H14N4O (242.1168)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents

Benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide

C20H14O3 (302.0943)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Destomysin

C20H37N3O13 (527.2326)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Nafoxidine

C29H31NO2 (425.2355)

D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C1971 - Angiogenesis Activator Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent

Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol

C20H14O2 (286.0994)

adrenic acid

C22H36O2 (332.2715)