Cyanidin 3-glucoside (BioDeep_00000896107)

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite

代谢物信息卡片

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1lambda4-chromen-1-ylium

化学式: C21H21O11+ (449.10838160000003)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26)/p+1

描述信息

Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223).
Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes

同义名列表

45 个代谢物同义名

数据库引用编号

19 个数据库交叉引用编号

ChEBI: CHEBI:175592
ChEBI: CHEBI:28426
KEGG: C08604
PubChem: 4481259
PubChem: 441667
HMDB: HMDB0030684
ChEMBL: CHEMBL257839
Wikipedia: Chrysanthemin
MetaCyc: CPD1F-766
KNApSAcK: C00053092
foodb: FDB002603
chemspider: 390284
CAS: 47705-70-4
CAS: 7084-24-4
PubChem: 10797
LipidMAPS: LMPK12010110
KNApSAcK: C00002374
3DMET: B02259
NIKKAJI: J231.541F

分类词条

代谢反应

1 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(1)

Anthocyanidin Sambubioside Biosynthesis: Delphinidin 3-glucoside + UDP-D-Xylose ⟶ Delphinidin 3-sambubioside + Hydrogen Ion + Uridine 5'-diphosphate

PharmGKB(0)

481 个相关的物种来源信息

32247 Rubus idaeus:
57936 Rubus chamaemorus: 10.1021/JF049450R
3746 Fragaria:
22663 Punica granatum:
362630 Rhaponticum carthamoides: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.04.008
4477 Pistia stratiotes: 10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1
1007890 Visnea mocanera: 10.1021/JF9505335
3494 Ficus carica: 10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
87530 Cyclamen persicum: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00297-6
117266 Rosa platyacantha: 10.1007/BF00566112
29760 Vitis vinifera:
371726 Pistacia lentiscus: 10.1002/PCA.627
15957 Phleum pratense: 10.1007/BF02323285
13750 Vaccinium macrocarpon:
180772 Vaccinium vitis-idaea:
661339 Aronia melanocarpa:
3758 Prunus domestica: 10.1021/JF00017A016
122119 Prunus angustifolia: 10.1021/JF00017A016
78511 Ribes nigrum:
175228 Ribes rubrum:
1433312 Berberis heteropoda: 10.1007/BF00579163
1112794 Berberis integerrima: 10.1007/BF00579163
258209 Berberis vulgaris: 10.1007/BF00579163
211974 Berberis koreana: 10.1007/BF00579163
258201 Berberis sieboldii: 10.1007/BF00579163
258147 Berberis canadensis: 10.1007/BF00579163
106335 Hibiscus syriacus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97774-4
155435 Keckiella cordifolia: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388147 Penstemon gentianoides: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
160368 Penstemon deustus: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388145 Penstemon fruticiformis: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388155 Penstemon grinnellii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155437 Keckiella rothrockii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155433 Keckiella breviflora: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155434 Keckiella lemmonii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155432 Keckiella corymbosa: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155436 Keckiella ternata: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
2588383 Penstemon skutchii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
265133 Penstemon cardinalis: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
32219 Amelanchier alnifolia:
52536 Amelanchier sanguinea: 10.1007/BF00579660
35968 Amelanchier bartramiana: 10.1007/BF00579660
52529 Amelanchier humilis: 10.1007/BF00579660
1143213 Amelanchier spicata: 10.1007/BF00579660
3859 Lathyrus odoratus: 10.1038/187240A0
3885 Phaseolus vulgaris:
45171 Paeonia suffruticosa: 10.2503/JJSHS.60.395
190548 Vaccinium uliginosum:
472369 Vaccinium angustifolium:
42229 Prunus avium:
4202 Sambucus nigra:
135518 Ribes uva-crispa: 10.1021/JF0486850
140311 Prunus cerasus:
168561 Acer griseum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1008898 Acer olivaceum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171881 Acer caesium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134798 Acer pentaphyllum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66207 Acer circinatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66215 Acer rufinerve: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66209 Acer diabolicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47966 Acer japonicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171212 Acer lobelii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290845 Acer pictum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
349748 Acer pycnanthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
355900 Acer laevigatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
75745 Acer saccharinum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66205 Acer campestre: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4023 Acer negundo: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
45314 Acer rubrum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168566 Acer monspessulanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57650 Acer tataricum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168567 Acer opalus: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290837 Acer heldreichii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168562 Acer henryi: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47968 Acer pseudosieboldianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
379323 Acer obtusifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57652 Acer spicatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1779279 Acer longipes: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134796 Acer cissifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66216 Acer shirasawanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66217 Acer sieboldianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290839 Acer sempervirens: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57651 Acer oblongum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
2099524 Acer pubipalmatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873092 Acer tonkinense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171220 Acer turcomanicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47965 Acer truncatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168563 Acer kungshanense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134795 Acer argutum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171206 Acer caudatifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934068 Acer morrisonense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
43782 Dipteronia sinensis: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290844 Acer caudatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57649 Acer buergerianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934066 Acer maximowiczii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934062 Acer forrestii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168559 Acer davidii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171214 Acer miyabei: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290838 Acer hyrcanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290840 Acer velutinum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873087 Acer cordatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171221 Acer ukurunduense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168572 Acer tetramerum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171218 Acer stachyophyllum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934069 Acer sikkimense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171213 Acer nikoense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
345127 Parthenocissus tricuspidata: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1008897 Acer elegantulum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290841 Acer acuminatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66201 Acer palmatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290843 Acer erianthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66206 Acer carpinifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66208 Acer crataegifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
392739 Acer pectinatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
369786 Acer sterculiaceum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
99155 Acer fabri: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4026 Acer pseudoplatanus: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
392741 Acer sinopurpurascens: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171216 Acer oliverianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171204 Acer barbinerve: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
169053 Acer cappadocicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168564 Acer mandshuricum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66212 Acer micranthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168568 Acer paxii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57653 Acer tegmentosum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47967 Acer takesimense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
886263 Acer serrulatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168573 Acer trautvetteri: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66210 Acer distylum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290842 Acer campbellii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171205 Acer capillipes: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873089 Acer linganense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134799 Acer triflorum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
75744 Acer glabrum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
291223 Acer sinense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4025 Acer platanoides:
56741 Alstroemeria: 10.3987/COM-02-9567
3750 Malus domestica: 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
283210 Malus pumila: 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
3605 Vitis aestivalis: 10.1002/JSFA.1885
23216 Rubus: 10.1002/JSFA.1885
69266 Vaccinium corymbosum:
323115 Petunia exserta: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00026-6
3760 Prunus persica: 10.1021/JF0104681
323851 Prunus persica var. nucipersica: 10.1021/JF0104681
4146 Olea europaea: 10.1002/JSFA.2740580128
1126413 Tricyrtis formosana:
446896 Puya coerulea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
446900 Puya spathacea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
326803 Puya densiflora: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
100710 Puya laxa: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
561567 Puya ferruginea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
3635 Gossypium hirsutum:
368926 Lobelia chinensis: 10.5511/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY1984.13.85
53749 Echinacea pallida: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80321-8
53751 Echinacea purpurea: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80321-8
379956 Geranium sylvaticum: 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00898-4
75085 Rubus phoenicolasius: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
59491 Rubus cuneifolius: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
59496 Rubus parviflorus: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
56901 Podocarpus totara: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80039-1
120625 Podocarpus nivalis: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80039-1
113636 Populus tremula: 10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.22-1365
3696 Populus deltoides: 10.1007/BF02632208
142860 Euphorbia tirucalli: 10.1007/BF00267653
362639 Rhaponticum lyratum: 10.1007/BF00565267
362643 Rhaponticum pulchrum: 10.1007/BF00565267
4232 Helianthus annuus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90541-7
118357 Rhododendron simsii: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85102-W
48666 Allium altaicum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X
4679 Allium cepa:
74900 Allium schoenoprasum:
3498 Morus alba: 10.3987/R-1985-01-0121
180763 Vaccinium myrtillus:
29695 Phragmites australis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
151069 Litchi chinensis:
245264 Oxalis reclinata: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80116-1
4577 Zea mays:
59015 Tradescantia pallida: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB08089.X
3711 Brassica rapa: 10.1271/BBB1961.54.171
4530 Oryza sativa: 10.1021/JF034466N
1093669 Vriesea platynema: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80261-7
1520637 Dyckia niederleinii: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80261-7
3621 Rheum rhabarbarum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
46087 Rheum rhaponticum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
450940 Camellia chekiangoleosa: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
452973 Camellia semiserrata: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
452971 Camellia polyodonta: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
180765 Vaccinium padifolium:
57008 Sambucus canadensis:
556509 Erythrina fusca: 10.1080/10826079208016365
1977554 Desmodium velutinum: 10.1080/10826079208016365
670328 Grona triflora: 10.1080/10826079208016365
670324 Pleurolobus gangeticus: 10.1080/10826079208016365
125397 Dracula chimaera: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00339-X
157786 Euterpe edulis: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90088-4
51503 Cynomorium coccineum: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90088-4
96050 Phalaris arundinacea: 10.1021/JF001399D
229201 Vaccinium arboreum:
164435 Cornus suecica: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00397-5
516948 Vaccinium oxycoccos: 10.1081/JLC-100101827
38596 Ajuga reptans: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00172-8
4442 Camellia sinensis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00359-9
3951 Oenothera odorata: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.1994.TB00414.X
4682 Allium sativum: 10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00116-1
282732 Achillea crithmifolia: 10.1080/10575630008043786
4039 Daucus carota:
388205 Penstemon serrulatus: 10.1515/ZNC-1997-7-803
4550 Secale cereale: 10.1515/ZNC-1986-1-205
23207 Prunus serotina: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00196-4
21496 Gentiana: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00242-Y
56888 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides: 10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.42B-0462
238280 Oenothera affinis: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80953-3
375264 Plinia cauliflora: 10.1021/NP0600999
3888 Pisum sativum: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88457-5
3915 Vigna mungo: 10.1007/BF02488610
21635 Lobostemon: 10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00095-6
48735 Cenchrus setaceus: 10.1021/JF034821+
3764 Rosa: 10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00127-1
134520 Lonicera caerulea: 10.1021/JF030509O
3353 Pinus banksiana: 10.1139/B02-056
91163 Tylecodon: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00004-E
49833 Podalyria: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90085-X
3356 Pseudotsuga: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
3358 Tsuga: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
3319 Abies: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
205071 Rheum tataricum: 10.1007/BF01171728
237933 Viburnum dilatatum: 10.1021/JF034647P
155132 Akebia trifoliata: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86855-7
41788 Stauntonia hexaphylla: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86855-7
115715 Vigna subterranea: 10.1021/JF960897C
3847 Glycine max:
39350 Ocimum basilicum: 10.1021/JF970887R
88845 Allium victorialis: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)90025-Q
932743 Erythrina americana: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
2590693 Erythrina coralloides: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
1620053 Erythrina herbacea: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
2590716 Erythrina pudica: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
3641 Theobroma cacao: 10.1021/JF304397M
321593 Rubus coreanus: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.12.057
32247 Rubus idaeus:
57936 Rubus chamaemorus: 10.1021/JF049450R
3746 Fragaria:
22663 Punica granatum:
362630 Rhaponticum carthamoides: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.04.008
4477 Pistia stratiotes: 10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1
1007890 Visnea mocanera: 10.1021/JF9505335
3494 Ficus carica: 10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
87530 Cyclamen persicum: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00297-6
117266 Rosa platyacantha: 10.1007/BF00566112
29760 Vitis vinifera:
371726 Pistacia lentiscus: 10.1002/PCA.627
15957 Phleum pratense: 10.1007/BF02323285
13750 Vaccinium macrocarpon:
180772 Vaccinium vitis-idaea:
661339 Aronia melanocarpa:
3758 Prunus domestica: 10.1021/JF00017A016
122119 Prunus angustifolia: 10.1021/JF00017A016
78511 Ribes nigrum:
175228 Ribes rubrum:
1433312 Berberis heteropoda: 10.1007/BF00579163
1112794 Berberis integerrima: 10.1007/BF00579163
258209 Berberis vulgaris: 10.1007/BF00579163
211974 Berberis koreana: 10.1007/BF00579163
258201 Berberis sieboldii: 10.1007/BF00579163
258147 Berberis canadensis: 10.1007/BF00579163
106335 Hibiscus syriacus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97774-4
155435 Keckiella cordifolia: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388147 Penstemon gentianoides: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
160368 Penstemon deustus: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388145 Penstemon fruticiformis: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
388155 Penstemon grinnellii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155437 Keckiella rothrockii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155433 Keckiella breviflora: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155434 Keckiella lemmonii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155432 Keckiella corymbosa: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
155436 Keckiella ternata: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
2588383 Penstemon skutchii: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
265133 Penstemon cardinalis: 10.1016/0305-1978(87)90011-1
32219 Amelanchier alnifolia:
52536 Amelanchier sanguinea: 10.1007/BF00579660
35968 Amelanchier bartramiana: 10.1007/BF00579660
52529 Amelanchier humilis: 10.1007/BF00579660
1143213 Amelanchier spicata: 10.1007/BF00579660
3859 Lathyrus odoratus: 10.1038/187240A0
3885 Phaseolus vulgaris:
45171 Paeonia suffruticosa: 10.2503/JJSHS.60.395
190548 Vaccinium uliginosum:
472369 Vaccinium angustifolium:
42229 Prunus avium:
4202 Sambucus nigra:
135518 Ribes uva-crispa: 10.1021/JF0486850
140311 Prunus cerasus:
168561 Acer griseum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1008898 Acer olivaceum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171881 Acer caesium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134798 Acer pentaphyllum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66207 Acer circinatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66215 Acer rufinerve: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66209 Acer diabolicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47966 Acer japonicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171212 Acer lobelii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290845 Acer pictum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
349748 Acer pycnanthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
355900 Acer laevigatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
75745 Acer saccharinum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66205 Acer campestre: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4023 Acer negundo: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
45314 Acer rubrum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168566 Acer monspessulanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57650 Acer tataricum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168567 Acer opalus: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290837 Acer heldreichii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168562 Acer henryi: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47968 Acer pseudosieboldianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
379323 Acer obtusifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57652 Acer spicatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1779279 Acer longipes: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134796 Acer cissifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66216 Acer shirasawanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66217 Acer sieboldianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290839 Acer sempervirens: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57651 Acer oblongum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
2099524 Acer pubipalmatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873092 Acer tonkinense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171220 Acer turcomanicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47965 Acer truncatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168563 Acer kungshanense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134795 Acer argutum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171206 Acer caudatifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934068 Acer morrisonense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
43782 Dipteronia sinensis: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290844 Acer caudatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57649 Acer buergerianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934066 Acer maximowiczii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934062 Acer forrestii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168559 Acer davidii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171214 Acer miyabei: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290838 Acer hyrcanum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290840 Acer velutinum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873087 Acer cordatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171221 Acer ukurunduense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168572 Acer tetramerum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171218 Acer stachyophyllum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
934069 Acer sikkimense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171213 Acer nikoense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
345127 Parthenocissus tricuspidata: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
1008897 Acer elegantulum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290841 Acer acuminatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66201 Acer palmatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290843 Acer erianthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66206 Acer carpinifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66208 Acer crataegifolium: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
392739 Acer pectinatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
369786 Acer sterculiaceum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
99155 Acer fabri: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4026 Acer pseudoplatanus: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
392741 Acer sinopurpurascens: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171216 Acer oliverianum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171204 Acer barbinerve: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
169053 Acer cappadocicum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168564 Acer mandshuricum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66212 Acer micranthum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168568 Acer paxii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
57653 Acer tegmentosum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
47967 Acer takesimense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
886263 Acer serrulatum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
168573 Acer trautvetteri: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
66210 Acer distylum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
290842 Acer campbellii: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
171205 Acer capillipes: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
873089 Acer linganense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
134799 Acer triflorum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
75744 Acer glabrum: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
291223 Acer sinense: 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
4025 Acer platanoides:
56741 Alstroemeria: 10.3987/COM-02-9567
3750 Malus domestica: 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
283210 Malus pumila: 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
3605 Vitis aestivalis: 10.1002/JSFA.1885
23216 Rubus: 10.1002/JSFA.1885
69266 Vaccinium corymbosum:
323115 Petunia exserta: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00026-6
3760 Prunus persica: 10.1021/JF0104681
323851 Prunus persica var. nucipersica: 10.1021/JF0104681
4146 Olea europaea: 10.1002/JSFA.2740580128
1126413 Tricyrtis formosana:
446896 Puya coerulea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
446900 Puya spathacea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
326803 Puya densiflora: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
100710 Puya laxa: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
561567 Puya ferruginea: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90082-1
3635 Gossypium hirsutum:
368926 Lobelia chinensis: 10.5511/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY1984.13.85
53749 Echinacea pallida: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80321-8
53751 Echinacea purpurea: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80321-8
379956 Geranium sylvaticum: 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00898-4
75085 Rubus phoenicolasius: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
59491 Rubus cuneifolius: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
59496 Rubus parviflorus: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1977.TB01528.X
56901 Podocarpus totara: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80039-1
120625 Podocarpus nivalis: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80039-1
113636 Populus tremula: 10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.22-1365
3696 Populus deltoides: 10.1007/BF02632208
142860 Euphorbia tirucalli: 10.1007/BF00267653
362639 Rhaponticum lyratum: 10.1007/BF00565267
362643 Rhaponticum pulchrum: 10.1007/BF00565267
4232 Helianthus annuus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90541-7
118357 Rhododendron simsii: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85102-W
48666 Allium altaicum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X
4679 Allium cepa:
74900 Allium schoenoprasum:
3498 Morus alba: 10.3987/R-1985-01-0121
180763 Vaccinium myrtillus:
29695 Phragmites australis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
151069 Litchi chinensis:
245264 Oxalis reclinata: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80116-1
4577 Zea mays:
59015 Tradescantia pallida: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB08089.X
3711 Brassica rapa: 10.1271/BBB1961.54.171
4530 Oryza sativa: 10.1021/JF034466N
1093669 Vriesea platynema: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80261-7
1520637 Dyckia niederleinii: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80261-7
3621 Rheum rhabarbarum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
46087 Rheum rhaponticum: 10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
450940 Camellia chekiangoleosa: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
452973 Camellia semiserrata: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
452971 Camellia polyodonta: 10.2503/JJSHS.61.375
180765 Vaccinium padifolium:
57008 Sambucus canadensis:
556509 Erythrina fusca: 10.1080/10826079208016365
1977554 Desmodium velutinum: 10.1080/10826079208016365
670328 Grona triflora: 10.1080/10826079208016365
670324 Pleurolobus gangeticus: 10.1080/10826079208016365
125397 Dracula chimaera: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00339-X
157786 Euterpe edulis: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90088-4
51503 Cynomorium coccineum: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90088-4
96050 Phalaris arundinacea: 10.1021/JF001399D
229201 Vaccinium arboreum:
164435 Cornus suecica: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00397-5
516948 Vaccinium oxycoccos: 10.1081/JLC-100101827
38596 Ajuga reptans: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00172-8
4442 Camellia sinensis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00359-9
3951 Oenothera odorata: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.1994.TB00414.X
4682 Allium sativum: 10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00116-1
282732 Achillea crithmifolia: 10.1080/10575630008043786
4039 Daucus carota:
388205 Penstemon serrulatus: 10.1515/ZNC-1997-7-803
4550 Secale cereale: 10.1515/ZNC-1986-1-205
23207 Prunus serotina: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00196-4
21496 Gentiana: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00242-Y
56888 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides: 10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.42B-0462
238280 Oenothera affinis: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80953-3
375264 Plinia cauliflora: 10.1021/NP0600999
3888 Pisum sativum: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88457-5
3915 Vigna mungo: 10.1007/BF02488610
21635 Lobostemon: 10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00095-6
48735 Cenchrus setaceus: 10.1021/JF034821+
3764 Rosa: 10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00127-1
134520 Lonicera caerulea: 10.1021/JF030509O
3353 Pinus banksiana: 10.1139/B02-056
91163 Tylecodon: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00004-E
49833 Podalyria: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90085-X
3356 Pseudotsuga: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
3358 Tsuga: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
3319 Abies: 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3
205071 Rheum tataricum: 10.1007/BF01171728
237933 Viburnum dilatatum: 10.1021/JF034647P
155132 Akebia trifoliata: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86855-7
41788 Stauntonia hexaphylla: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86855-7
115715 Vigna subterranea: 10.1021/JF960897C
3847 Glycine max:
39350 Ocimum basilicum: 10.1021/JF970887R
88845 Allium victorialis: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)90025-Q
932743 Erythrina americana: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
2590693 Erythrina coralloides: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
1620053 Erythrina herbacea: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
2590716 Erythrina pudica: 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90022-R
3641 Theobroma cacao: 10.1021/JF304397M
321593 Rubus coreanus: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.12.057
9606 Homo sapiens: -

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

文献列表

Zhongxin Liang, Hongrui Liang, Yizhan Guo, Dong Yang. Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside: A Natural Compound with Multiple Health Benefits. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Feb; 22(5):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052261. [PMID: 33668383]
Li Li, Jun Li, Hui Xu, Fengmei Zhu, Zhijun Li, Hongzhi Lu, Jinrong Zhang, Zhengsheng Yang, Yongsheng Liu. The Protective Effect of Anthocyanins Extracted from Aronia Melanocarpa Berry in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Mediators of inflammation. 2021; 2021(?):7372893. doi: 10.1155/2021/7372893. [PMID: 33551679]
Rita de Cássia Lemos Lima, Ulrike Böcker, Gordon J McDougall, J William Allwood, Nils Kristian Afseth, Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet. Magnetic ligand fishing using immobilized DPP-IV for identification of antidiabetic ligands in lingonberry extract. PloS one. 2021; 16(2):e0247329. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247329. [PMID: 33617581]
Lianghua Xie, Jiahong Xie, Yang Xu, Wei Chen. Discovery of anthocyanins from cranberry extract as pancreatic lipase inhibitors using a combined approach of ultrafiltration, molecular simulation and spectroscopy. Food & function. 2020 Oct; 11(10):8527-8536. doi: 10.1039/d0fo01262a. [PMID: 33000849]
David Bars-Cortina, Ana Martínez-Bardají, Alba Macià, María-Jose Motilva, Carme Piñol-Felis. Consumption evaluation of one apple flesh a day in the initial phases prior to adenoma/adenocarcinoma in an azoxymethane rat colon carcinogenesis model. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2020 09; 83(?):108418. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108418. [PMID: 32592950]
Liang Chen, Xiulan Xin, Hui Feng, Shuangshi Li, Qiguang Cao, Xinying Wang, Frank Vriesekoop. Isolation and Identification of Anthocyanin Component in the Fruits of Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem. by Means of High Speed Counter Current Chromatography and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Apr; 25(8):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25081781. [PMID: 32295006]
Jim Fang, Jiannan Huang. Accumulation of plasma levels of anthocyanins following multiple saskatoon berry supplements. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2020 Apr; 50(4):454-457. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1637967. [PMID: 31269857]
Petko Denev, Milan Číž, Maria Kratchanova, Denica Blazheva. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) polyphenols reveal different antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities. Food chemistry. 2019 Jun; 284(?):108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.108. [PMID: 30744834]
Su-Min Lim, Hyun Sook Lee, Jae In Jung, So Mi Kim, Nam Young Kim, Tae Su Seo, Jung-Shik Bae, Eun Ji Kim. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract attenuates weight gain and adipogenic pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients. 2019 May; 11(5):. doi: 10.3390/nu11051190. [PMID: 31137884]
Paula Henarejos-Escudero, Berenice Guadarrama-Flores, Francisco García-Carmona, Fernando Gandía-Herrero. Digestive glands extraction and precise pigment analysis support the exclusion of the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula Ellis from the Caryophyllales order. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology. 2018 Sep; 274(?):342-348. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.013. [PMID: 30080622]
Paulina Strugala, Anna Dudra, Janina Gabrielska. ACTIVITY OF BLACKCURRANT AND CHOKEBERRY EXTRACTS AND TWO MAJOR CYANIDIN GLYCOSIDES AGAINST LIPID MEMBRANE OXIDATION AND THEIR BINDING PROPERTIES TO ALBUMIN. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2017 Mar; 74(2):679-687. doi: . [PMID: 29624274]
David Bars-Cortina, Alba Macià, Ignasi Iglesias, Maria Paz Romero, Maria José Motilva. Phytochemical Profiles of New Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties Compared with Traditional and New White-Fleshed Varieties. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017 Mar; 65(8):1684-1696. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02931. [PMID: 28191939]
Aimee N Winter, Erika K Ross, Sonia Khatter, Keith Miller, Daniel A Linseman. Chemical basis for the disparate neuroprotective effects of the anthocyanins, callistephin and kuromanin, against nitrosative stress. Free radical biology & medicine. 2017 02; 103(?):23-34. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.012. [PMID: 27986528]
Liyang Xie, Terrence Vance, Bohkyung Kim, Sang Gil Lee, Christian Caceres, Ying Wang, Patrice A Hubert, Ji-Young Lee, Ock K Chun, Bradley W Bolling. Aronia berry polyphenol consumption reduces plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in former smokers without lowering biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2017 Jan; 37(?):67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.007. [PMID: 28215316]
Suwen Liu, Xuedong Chang, Xiufeng Liu, Zhanwei Shen. Effects of pretreatments on anthocyanin composition, phenolics contents and antioxidant capacities during fermentation of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) drink. Food chemistry. 2016 Dec; 212(?):87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.146. [PMID: 27374510]
Nan Song, Ling Zhang, Wei Chen, Hua Zhu, Wei Deng, Yunlin Han, Jianguo Guo, Chuan Qin. Cyanidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and alleviates cognitive impairment in the APP(swe)/PS1(ΔE9) mouse model. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2016 09; 1862(9):1786-800. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.016. [PMID: 27240542]
Juliane Würdig, Henryk Flachowsky, Monika Höfer, Andreas Peil, Mohammed Ali Mohammed Saad Eldin Ali, Magda-Viola Hanke. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of the German Malus Germplasm Collection in terms of type 1 and type 2 red-fleshed apples. Gene. 2014 Jul; 544(2):198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.045. [PMID: 24768720]
Long Tan, Hong Peng Yang, Wei Pang, Hao Lu, Yan Dan Hu, Jing Li, Shi Jun Lu, Wan Qi Zhang, Yu Gang Jiang. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and blueberry extracts supplementation improves spatial memory and regulates hippocampal ERK expression in senescence-accelerated mice. Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES. 2014 Mar; 27(3):186-96. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.007. [PMID: 24709099]
Shivraj H Nile, Se W Park. Antioxidant, α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds from maize (Zea mays L.). Chemical biology & drug design. 2014 Jan; 83(1):119-25. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.12205. [PMID: 23957301]
Ting Peng, Takanori Saito, Chikako Honda, Yusuke Ban, Satoru Kondo, Ji-Hong Liu, Yoshimichi Hatsuyama, Takaya Moriguchi. Screening of UV-B-induced genes from apple peels by SSH: possible involvement of MdCOP1-mediated signaling cascade genes in anthocyanin accumulation. Physiologia plantarum. 2013 Jul; 148(3):432-44. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12002. [PMID: 23171407]
S Trumbeckaitė, D Burdulis, L Raudonė, J Liobikas, A Toleikis, V Janulis. Direct effects of Vaccinium myrtillus L. fruit extracts on rat heart mitochondrial functions. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 Apr; 27(4):499-506. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4750. [PMID: 22628017]
Gui-Fang Deng, Xiang-Rong Xu, Yuan Zhang, Dan Li, Ren-You Gan, Hua-Bin Li. Phenolic compounds and bioactivities of pigmented rice. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2013; 53(3):296-306. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.529624. [PMID: 23216001]
Yan Wang, Xiaoliu Chen, Yanmin Zhang, Xuesen Chen. Antioxidant activities and major anthocyanins of Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.). Journal of food science. 2012 Apr; 77(4):C388-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02624.x. [PMID: 22432436]
Yukihiro Yoshimura, Nobuhiro Zaima, Tatsuya Moriyama, Yukio Kawamura. Different localization patterns of anthocyanin species in the pericarp of black rice revealed by imaging mass spectrometry. PloS one. 2012; 7(2):e31285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031285. [PMID: 22363605]
Andreja Vanzo, Urska Vrhovsek, Federica Tramer, Fulvio Mattivi, Sabina Passamonti. Exceptionally fast uptake and metabolism of cyanidin 3-glucoside by rat kidneys and liver. Journal of natural products. 2011 May; 74(5):1049-54. doi: 10.1021/np100948a. [PMID: 21510696]
Adriana Telias, Kui Lin-Wang, David E Stevenson, Janine M Cooney, Roger P Hellens, Andrew C Allan, Emily E Hoover, James M Bradeen. Apple skin patterning is associated with differential expression of MYB10. BMC plant biology. 2011 May; 11(?):93. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-93. [PMID: 21599973]
Hongpeng Yang, Wei Pang, Hao Lu, Daomei Cheng, Xianzhong Yan, Yiyong Cheng, Yugang Jiang. Comparison of metabolic profiling of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and extracts from blueberry in aged mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011 Mar; 59(5):2069-76. doi: 10.1021/jf1033619. [PMID: 21302942]
Renáta Myjavcová, Petr Marhol, Vladimír Křen, Vilím Simánek, Jitka Ulrichová, Irena Palíková, Barbora Papoušková, Karel Lemr, Petr Bednář. Analysis of anthocyanin pigments in Lonicera (Caerulea) extracts using chromatographic fractionation followed by microcolumn liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2010 Dec; 1217(51):7932-41. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.058. [PMID: 21111888]
Ryoji Takahashi, Joseph G Dubouzet, Hisakazu Matsumura, Kentaro Yasuda, Tsukasa Iwashina. A new allele of flower color gene W1 encoding flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase is responsible for light purple flowers in wild soybean Glycine soja. BMC plant biology. 2010 Jul; 10(?):155. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-155. [PMID: 20663233]
Andrea Tarozzi, Fabiana Morroni, Adriana Merlicco, Cecilia Bolondi, Gabriella Teti, Mirella Falconi, Giorgio Cantelli-Forti, Patrizia Hrelia. Neuroprotective effects of cyanidin 3-O-glucopyranoside on amyloid beta (25-35) oligomer-induced toxicity. Neuroscience letters. 2010 Apr; 473(2):72-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.006. [PMID: 20152881]
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Eun-Kyung Kwon, Dae-Young Lee, Hyungjae Lee, Dae-Ok Kim, Nam-In Baek, Young-Eon Kim, Hae-Yeong Kim. Flavonoids from the buds of Rosa damascena inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2010 Jan; 58(2):882-6. doi: 10.1021/jf903515f. [PMID: 20038104]
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