Subcellular Location: intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Found 500 associated metabolites.
918 associated genes.
AAK1, AASS, ABCA1, ABCA10, ABCA12, ABCA13, ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA6, ABCA7, ABCA8, ABCA9, ABCB9, ABCD3, ABHD17A, ABHD5, ABI2, ACKR2, ACKR3, ACOX2, ACSS3, ADAM10, ADAMTS9, ADAMTSL3, ADAP1, ADAP2, ADCYAP1R1, ADGRA2, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, AFTPH, AGFG1, AGK, AGR3, AGTPBP1, AGTRAP, AGXT, AIP, AKAP9, AKNA, AKT2, ALDH3A2, ALOX12B, ALS2, AMACR, AMBRA1, AMER1, ANKFY1, ANKRD13B, ANKRD2, ANKRD27, ANKRD6, ANO10, AP1B1, AP1G1, AP1M1, AP1M2, AP1S1, AP1S2, AP1S3, AP2S1, AP3S1, AP3S2, AP4S1, APEX2, APOB, APOL4, AQP10, AQP11, AQP8, AQP9, ARAP1, ARFGEF2, ARFIP1, ARHGAP19, ARHGAP30, ARL14EP, ARMC8, ARPIN-AP3S2, ARRDC4, ASAP3, ASPSCR1, ATG12, ATG9A, ATM, ATP11A, ATP23, ATP2B1, ATP2B2, ATP2B3, ATP2B4, ATP6V0A1, ATP6V0A2, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1B2, ATP8A1, ATRAID, AURKAIP1, AXL, AZU1, B3GAT1, B4GALNT3, B4GALT2, BAAT, BAG6, BCL3, BDH1, BDKRB2, BLNK, BLVRB, BLZF1, BMAL1, BMP2, BNIP1, BNIP2, BORCS5, BRAF, BSG, BST2, BTAF1, BUB1, BYSL, C11orf24, C9orf72, CA13, CADPS2, CALCOCO1, CALCOCO2, CAPS2, CASZ1, CAT, CAV3, CAVIN1, CBX1, CC2D1A, CC2D1B, CCDC134, CCDC92, CCDC93, CCKBR, CCN2, CCN3, CCNL2, CCR10, CCZ1, CCZ1B, CD1B, CD1C, CD24, CD40, CD63, CD84, CDK5R1, CDK5RAP3, CDKL1, CDKN1B, CEBPA, CELF2, CEMIP2, CENPE, CEP164, CERS1, CES2, CFAP157, CFAP410, CGRRF1, CHEK1, CHIC2, CHPT1, CIC, CISD2, CITED2, CKLF, CLCC1, CLCN3, CLCN4, CLCN6, CLCN7, CLDN9, CLINT1, CLIP4, CLN6, CLOCK, CLP1, CLTB, CLU, CLUAP1, CMA1, CMKLR2, CMTR1, CMYA5, CNST, COG7, COL4A3, COMMD4, COMT, COPB1, CPQ, CPSF4, CROT, CSF1R, CSF2, CSNK2A1, CSTF2T, CTDP1, CTNNA1, CTNS, CTSA, CTSC, CTSE, CTSF, CTSG, CTSH, CTSK, CTSL, CTSO, CTSS, CTSZ, CTTN, CUX1, CUX2, CYB561A3, CYB5A, CYB5B, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP27C1, CYP2A13, CYP2A6, CYP2A7, CYP2B6, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2D7, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2, CYP2R1, CYP2S1, CYP2U1, CYP2W1, CYP39A1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP4A11, CYP4A22, CYP4F12, CYP4F2, CYP51A1, CYP7A1, DAB1, DAB2, DAG1, DAPK2, DBF4B, DBH, DBNL, DCP1B, DCT, DDOST, DDX31, DDX53, DEFA5, DENND1A, DENND1B, DENND1C, DENND4C, DENND6A, DEPP1, DGAT2, DGKH, DHRS9, DIAPH2, DIO3, DLAT, DLC1, DLX1, DNAJA3, DNAJC13, DNAJC5, DNAJC6, DNM1L, DOLPP1, DOT1L, DPAGT1, DPF2, DPP7, DRAM2, DRG2, DSG2, DYNLT4, DYRK3, DYRK4, DZIP1, E2F5, EAF1, ECI2, ECSCR, EDA, EFTUD2, EGLN1, EGR2, EIF1AD, EIF4ENIF1, EIF5A2, EPHX3, EPN2, EPN3, EPS15, ERGIC1, ERGIC2, ERO1A, ESR2, ETV3, EVA1A, EXOSC4, EXOSC8, FAAP24, FADS1, FAM170A, FAM241A, FAM241B, FAM72A, FAM72B, FAM72C, FAM72D, FAM98B, FANCL, FHOD3, FIG4, FLOT2, FMNL3, FMO3, FNBP1, FNDC3A, FOSB, FOXF2, FOXI1, FOXK2, FOXN2, FRAT1, FTCDNL1, FTO, FUCA1, FYCO1, FZD7, G2E3, G6PD, GAA, GAK, GANAB, GAPDH, GAPT, GASK1A, GBF1, GDF11, GGA1, GIMAP4, GJA1, GJB3, GLB1, GLI3, GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, GLRX2, GM2A, GNPTG, GOLPH3, GOLT1B, GPBP1, GPER1, GPLD1, GPR174, GPRC5A, GPRC5B, GPRC5C, GPRC5D, GRAMD1B, GRB14, GRHL1, GRIK1, GRIPAP1, GTF2F1, GUSB, GZMB, GZMH, HACL1, HAO1, HCK, HDAC10, HDHD3, HEATR5B, HEPACAM2, HEXA, HEXIM1, HIP1, HIP1R, HK2, HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DPA1, HNF1B, HOOK2, HOXA2, HPGDS, HPSE, HSD11B1, HSD11B1L, HSD11B2, HSD17B2, HSD17B3, HSD17B4, HSD17B6, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, HSDL1, HSPA13, HSPA5, HSPB9, ICA1, ICA1L, ICOSLG, IDI2, IFI30, IFITM5, IGF1R, IGF2R, IGSF8, IL17RB, IL33, IL37, IMP3, INKA2, INPP5F, INTS13, IQSEC1, IRS1, IST1, ITCH, ITFG2, ITM2B, ITPA, KANSL1, KANSL1L, KANSL3, KAT5, KCNA6, KCNH1, KCNK1, KIAA0319, KIN, KISS1R, KLF15, KLF5, KLF6, KLHL12, KLHL22, KLRG1, KSR1, L1TD1, LAMP2, LAMP3, LAMTOR4, LDLRAD4, LIG1, LIG4, LIPA, LIPF, LIPJ, LIPK, LITAF, LLGL2, LMBRD1, LOC124900586, LPAR4, LRG1, LRRK2, LRWD1, LTC4S, LURAP1, LYN, MAFA, MAK16, MAN2B1, MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3B2, MAP3K14, MARCHF1, MARCHF3, MARF1, MBD1, MCOLN1, MCUB, MDP1, ME2, MEF2C, MEF2D, MGRN1, MGST2, MGST3, MIA3, MISP, MITD1, MNDA, MPLKIP, MPO, MPV17L, MRAP, MSH6, MSI2, MSRA, MTA1, MTA3, MTMR2, MTPAP, MUC5B, MVB12A, MVK, MYBBP1A, MYCBP2, MYCT1, MYH15, MYOF, MYPN, NAA15, NACC1, NANOG, NANOGP8, NBR1, NCOA6, NCS1, NDFIP2, NDUFAF6, NEIL2, NEU1, NIPBL, NISCH, NLRC3, NLRC4, NLRP2, NLRP5, NMRK2, NONO, NOP16, NOP53, NOVA1, NPAP1, NPHP4, NR0B1, NR0B2, NSMCE1, NTS, OAS2, OAS3, ODF2, OIP5, OLR1, OSBPL5, OSBPL9, OVGP1, P3H2, P3H4, P4HA1, P4HA2, PACSIN2, PADI3, PAF1, PAM, PARM1, PASK, PCDH1, PCM1, PCSK2, PDGFRB, PDXDC1, PDXDC2P, PDZD2, PEA15, PEMT, PEX11B, PHLDB1, PICALM, PICK1, PIK3C2A, PIK3C2B, PIK3CB, PIK3R4, PIP4K2C, PITPNM1, PKD2L1, PLA2G15, PLA2G4A, PLAGL1, PLCH1, PLD1, PLD2, PLEKHM1, PLIN5, PLSCR2, PMEPA1, PMF1, PMF1-BGLAP, PMIS2, PNMT, PODXL, POLE2, POLG, POLR3H, POP7, POR, POU2F1, POU2F2, PPARG, PPIB, PPIC, PPIE, PPIH, PPP5C, PPT1, PRCP, PRDM14, PRDX3, PRDX5, PRKCE, PRKCSH, PRNP, PRODH, PRODH2, PRTN3, PSAP, PSMA4, PSME3IP1, PTCH1, PTGS1, PTK2, PTPN23, PTPRK, PUS1, PUSL1, QSOX1, RAB11A, RAB11FIP1, RAB11FIP2, RAB11FIP3, RAB11FIP5, RAB14, RAB20, RAB29, RAB30, RAB41, RAB5A, RAB5B, RABEP1, RABEP2, RABEPK, RAD1, RAD23A, RAD51C, RAET1G, RAET1L, RANBP2, RANGAP1, RAPGEF1, RBBP8, RBSN, RC3H2, RCHY1, RCN3, RDH16, RDH5, REPS1, RER1, RFX1, RFX5, RGS5, RGS6, RIC3, RND1, RNF125, RNF13, RNF144A, RNF6, RPS12, RRAGC, RRAGD, RRP12, RTCB, RUBCN, RUBCNL, RUFY1, RUNDC3A, RUNX1, RUNX3, S100B, S1PR1, SAFB2, SALL4, SAMD9, SAYSD1, SCAMP2, SCAMP3, SCARB1, SDR9C7, SEC13, SEC16B, SEC22B, SEC23IP, SEC24D, SEC31A, SERINC5, SERPINA1, SERTM1, SERTM2, SETDB1, SFMBT2, SFT2D1, SFT2D2, SFT2D3, SFXN4, SHOX, SHROOM4, SIAH2, SIRT6, SIX5, SLA2, SLC15A3, SLC16A1, SLC16A10, SLC18A2, SLC25A32, SLC26A11, SLC29A3, SLC2A13, SLC30A2, SLC30A8, SLC35B1, SLC35F6, SLC49A4, SLC4A1AP, SLC66A1, SLC7A14, SLC7A5, SLC9A6, SLC9A7, SLCO5A1, SLF2, SLIRP, SLU7, SMARCA1, SMARCA2, SMARCB1, SMARCD1, SMO, SMOX, SNAI1, SNX1, SNX14, SNX15, SNX16, SNX17, SNX19, SNX25, SNX27, SNX5, SNX8, SORCS2, SOX30, SPARC, SPART, SPATA18, SPATA46, SPECC1, SPESP1, SPG21, SPHK1, SPHK2, SPINK5, SPPL2A, SPPL3, SPTAN1, SPTBN2, SQLE, SQSTM1, SREBF2, STAG1, STAM, STAM2, STARD3, STARD3NL, STK11IP, STK39, STN1, STS, STX12, STX16, STX2, SULT2B1, SUN1, SYBU, SYNDIG1, SYNDIG1L, SYNPO2, SYT13, TACC3, TASL, TAX1BP3, TBC1D14, TBC1D5, TBK1, TCF12, TDP1, TDRP, TEAD2, TECPR1, TEPSIN, TFG, TFRC, TGFB1I1, TGFB3, TGFBRAP1, THAP1, THAP7, TICRR, TM7SF2, TM9SF4, TMBIM1, TMED2, TMEM165, TMEM63A, TMEM9, TMEM91, TNFSF13B, TNK2, TNPO3, TNRC6A, TNXB, TOMM34, TOR1A, TP73, TRA2A, TRAF7, TRAPPC14, TRAPPC2, TRAPPC2B, TRAPPC2L, TRIP10, TSPAN1, TSPAN15, TSPO, TYR, UBA5, UBAP1, UGT1A6, UHMK1, ULBP2, UNC13D, UPF3A, UPRT, USF2, USP18, VAC14, VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP7, VBP1, VCP, VGF, VPS25, VPS29, VPS37A, VPS45, VPS51, VPS53, VRK3, VTA1, VTI1A, VTI1B, VTN, WAPL, WASHC2A, WASHC2C, WBP11, WDFY1, WDFY2, WDR24, WDR48, WDR54, WDR59, WNT2B, XAB2, XPC, XPO1, XRCC2, YBX1, YIF1A, YIPF3, YIPF4, YIPF5, ZDHHC17, ZDHHC20, ZFYVE16, ZFYVE27, ZFYVE9, ZNF232, ZNF326, ZNF540, ZNF547, ZNF638, ZNRF1, ZNRF2, ZRANB1
(R)-mandelic Acid
(R)-mandelic acid is the (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-mandelate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-mandelic acid. (r)-Mandelic acid is a natural product found in Pisolithus tinctorius, Pisolithus arhizus, and other organisms with data available. (R)-mandelic Acid, also known as (R)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid or (-)-(R)-Mandelate, is classified as a benzene or a Benzene derivative. Benzenes are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene. (R)-mandelic Acid is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic The (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M068 D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds. D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds.
Nordihydrocapsaicin
Nordihydrocapsaicin is a member of methoxybenzenes and a member of phenols. Nordihydrocapsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens and Capsicum annuum with data available. See also: Capsicum (part of); Paprika (part of); Habanero (part of) ... View More ... Isolated from the pungent principle of red pepper (Capsicum annuum). Nordihydrocapsaicin is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, pepper (c. annuum), italian sweet red pepper, and green bell pepper. Nordihydrocapsaicin is found in herbs and spices. Nordihydrocapsaicin is isolated from the pungent principle of red pepper (Capsicum annuum Nordihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers[1]. Nordihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers[1].
I07-0299
Cimicifugoside is a triterpenoid. CID 441913 is a natural product found in Actaea racemosa with data available.
D-Malic acid
(R)-malic acid is an optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-malate(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-malic acid. (R)-Malate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-malate is a natural product found in Vaccinium macrocarpon, Pogostemon cablin, and other organisms with data available. D-Malic acid is found in herbs and spices. This enantiomer of rare occurrence; reported from fruits and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) although there are many more isolations of malic acid with no opt. rotn. given and some may be of the R-for An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D-(+)-Malic acid (D-Malic acid), an active enantiomer of Malic acid, is a competitive inhibitor of L(--)malic acid transport[1]. D-(+)-Malic acid (D-Malic acid), an active enantiomer of Malic acid, is a competitive inhibitor of L(--)malic acid transport[1].
CleomiscosinA
Cleomiscosin A is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-9H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-h]chromen-9-one substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl group at position 3, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5 (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a delta-lactone, an aromatic ether, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a member of phenols and a primary alcohol. Cleomiscosin A is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Artemisia minor, and other organisms with data available. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-9H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-h]chromen-9-one substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl group at position 3, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5 (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages[1][2]. Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages[1][2].
Dihydrovaltrate
Didrovaltratum is an iridoid monoterpenoid. Didrovaltrate is a natural product found in Valeriana pulchella, Fedia cornucopiae, and other organisms with data available. See also: Viburnum opulus bark (has part). Isolated from Valeriana subspecies Dihydrovaltrate is found in tea, fats and oils, and herbs and spices. Dihydrovaltrate is found in fats and oils. Dihydrovaltrate is isolated from Valeriana specie C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
Fraxidin
Fraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Fraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia minor, Melilotus messanensis, and other organisms with data available. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2344 Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2].
Crocin 3
Beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin is a dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-gentiobiose. It is a dicarboxylic acid monoester, a glycoside and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a crocetin and a gentiobiose. It is a conjugate acid of a beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin(1-). beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides, Apis cerana, and Crocus sativus with data available. Isolated from saffron. Crocin 3 is found in saffron and herbs and spices. Crocin 3 is found in herbs and spices. Crocin 3 is isolated from saffron.
Tropine
Pseudotropine is a natural product found in Atropa belladonna and Datura stramonium with data available. KEIO_ID T024 Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].
bruceosideA
Bruceoside A is a triterpenoid saponin. Bruceoside A is a natural product found in Brucea javanica with data available.
napelline
LSM-1634 is a kaurane diterpenoid. Napelline is a natural product found in Aconitum karakolicum, Aconitum baicalense, and other organisms with data available. 12-Epinapelline is a kaurane diterpenoid. 12-Epinapelline is a natural product found in Aconitum napellus, Delphinium leroyi, and other organisms with data available. Annotation level-1 12-Epinapelline is a diterpene alkaloid isolated from Aconitum baikalense. 12-Epinapelline exhibits Anti-inflammatory activity and stimulates the growth of colonies from fibroblast precursors[1][2]. 12-Epinapelline is a diterpene alkaloid isolated from Aconitum baikalense. 12-Epinapelline exhibits Anti-inflammatory activity and stimulates the growth of colonies from fibroblast precursors[1][2].
Acridone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2310 Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].
Tiglic acid
Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. It is found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It has also been isolated from the defensive secretion of certain beetles. Tiglic acid, also known as tiglate or tiglinsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Tiglic acid has a double bond between the second and third carbons of the chain. Tiglic acid and angelic acid form a pair of cis-trans isomers. Tiglic acid is a volatile and crystallizable substance with a sweet, warm, spicy odour. It is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents. The salts and esters of tiglic acid are called tiglates. Tiglic acid is a 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a crotonic acid. Tiglic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Azadirachta indica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Petasites hybridus root (part of). A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2. Flavouring ingredient KEIO_ID T016 Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1]. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1].
Docosanedioic acid
Phellogenic acid, also known as 1,20-eicosanedicarboxylic acid or 1,22-docosanedioate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, phellogenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Phellogenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phellogenic acid can be found in potato, which makes phellogenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Docosanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is docosane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a docosanedioate(2-). It derives from a hydride of a docosane. Docosanedioic acid is a natural product found in Pinus radiata with data available.
6-Hydroxynicotinic acid
6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OHNA) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been reported to be the third leading cause of urinary infection, accounting for 11\\\% of such infections, the first and second being Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. Analyses of the NMR spectra of the bacterial media with variable cell count of P. aeruginosa, shows that the intensity of the signals of the 6-hydroxynicotinic acid increases with increasing number of bacterial cells (PMID:3926801, 15759292). 6-hydroxynicotinic acid can also be found in Achromobacter and Serratia. 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OHNA) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been reported to be the third leading cause of urinary infection, accounting for 11\\\% of such infections, the first and second being Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. Analyses of the NMR spectra of the bacterial media with variable cell count of P. aeruginosa, shows that the intensity of the signals of the 6-hydroxynicotinic acid increases with increasing number of bacterial cells. (PMID: 3926801, 15759292) [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H015 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
3-Hydroxypicolinic acid
3-Hydroxy picolinic acid is a picolinic acid derivative and is a member of the pyridine family. Picolinic acid is an isomer of nicotinic acid, which has the carboxyl side chain at the 3-position. It is a catabolite of the amino acid tryptophan. [HMDB] 3-Hydroxy picolinic acid is a picolinic acid derivative and is a member of the pyridine family. Picolinic acid is an isomer of nicotinic acid, which has the carboxyl side chain at the 3-position. It is a catabolite of the amino acid tryptophan. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 3-Hydroxypicolinic acid is a picolinic acid derivative, and belongs to the pyridine family.
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid
10-hydroxycapric acid is a 10-carbon, omega-hydroxy fatty acid, shown to be the preferred hydroxylation product (together with the 9-OH isomer) of capric acid in biosystems, and used as a standard in lipid assays; reported to have cytotoxic effects. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and an omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid. It is functionally related to a decanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 10-hydroxycaprate. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid, also known as 10-OH-capric acid or 10-OH-caprate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are hydroxy acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). 10-hydroxydecanoic acid is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (NSC 15139) is a saturated fatty acid of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
(R)-beta-Aminoisobutyric acid
(R)-beta-Aminoisobutyric acid is the product of the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), in what constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway. The other product of the reaction is beta-alanine (PMID: 14705962).
3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 804 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 804; CONFIDENCE standard compound
2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 179; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4225; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4224 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 179; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4174; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4172 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 179; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4176; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4174 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 179; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4190; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4188 KEIO_ID D048
Pyridazine-3,6-diol
D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
triallate
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3725 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2627 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8488 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
17-beta-Estradiol glucuronide
17-beta-Estradiol glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of 17beta-Estradiol generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase. Glucuronidation is used to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. [HMDB] 17-beta-estradiol glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of 17beta-Estradiol generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase. Glucuronidation is used to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Pirimiphosethyl
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10152; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10151 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10138; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10137 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10202; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10201 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10195; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10194 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10210; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10209 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 623; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10095
9-Hydroxyphenanthrene
This compound belongs to the family of Phenanthrenes and Derivatives. These are polycyclic compounds containing a phenanthrene moiety, which is a tricyclic aromatic compound with three non-linearly fused benzene. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Isoxaben
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9024; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9022 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9028; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9026 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9053; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9051 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4422; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4418 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4419; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4405; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4403 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9051; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9050 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4412; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4407 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9060; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9059 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4422; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4419 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1345; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4387; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4384 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3602 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2599
Robinetin
Robinetin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Robinetin is a natural product found in Acacia mearnsii, Intsia bijuga, and other organisms with data available. A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4 and 5. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5]. Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation[1][2][3][4][5].
Pregnanetriol
Pregnanetriol is a metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROTESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROTESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
FUSARENON X
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins
Thiethylperazine
A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457) R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Thiethylperazine, a phenothiazine derivate, is an orally active and potent dopamine D2-receptor and histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Thiethylperazine is also a selective ABCC1activator that reduces amyloid-β (Aβ) load in mice. Thiethylperazine has anti-emetic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial effects[1][2][3].
Diphacinone
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AA - Vitamin k antagonists C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent
Etidocaine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
Diguanosine tetraphosphate
P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate, also known as gp4g or gppppg, is a member of the class of compounds known as (5->5)-dinucleotides (5->5)-dinucleotides are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5->5)-phosphodiester linkage. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as allium (onion), pasta, rocket salad (sspecies), and vanilla, which makes p(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, p(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include azathioprine action pathway, mercaptopurine action pathway, purine metabolism, and thioguanine action pathway. P(1),p(4)-bis(5-guanosyl) tetraphosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include lesch-nyhan syndrome (LNS), myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, and xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency (xanthinuria). Diguanosine tetraphosphate is a diguanosine polyphosphate. Diguanosine polyphosphates (GpnGs) are found in human platelets, among a number of dinucleoside polyphosphates, which vary with respect to the number of phosphate groups and the nucleoside moieties; not only diguanosine polyphosphates (GpnG) are found, but also mixed dinucleoside polyphosphates containing one adenosine and one guanosine moiety (ApnG). The vasoactive nucleotides that can be detected in human plasma contain shorter (n=2-3) and longer (n=4-6) polyphosphate chains. GpnGs have not yet been characterized so far with respect to their effects on kidney vasculature. (PMID: 11159696, 11682456, 11115507).
Bz-Arg-OEt
KEIO_ID B026; [MS3] KO008890 KEIO_ID B026; [MS2] KO008889 KEIO_ID B026
dCDP
dCDP is a substrate for Uridine-cytidine kinase 1, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (mitochondrial), Nucleoside diphosphate kinase homolog 5, Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7, Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 chain, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6 and UMP-CMP kinase. [HMDB]. dCDP is found in many foods, some of which are oil palm, sweet bay, garden onion (variety), and italian sweet red pepper. dCDP is a substrate for Uridine-cytidine kinase 1, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (mitochondrial), Nucleoside diphosphate kinase homolog 5, Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7, Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 chain, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6 and UMP-CMP kinase. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone
D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, also known as D-arabinonic acid, gamma-lactone, is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. D-arabinono-1,4-lactone is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-arabinono-1,4-lactone can be found in rice, which makes D-arabinono-1,4-lactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. D-arabinono-1,4-lactone may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
2-METHYLPYRROLIDINE
A member of the class of pyrrolidines that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; RGHPCLZJAFCTIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0186_2-Methylpyrrolidine_0500fmol_180831_S2_L02M02_68; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I.
Benz[c]acridine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8306 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8119
Michlers ketone
INTERNAL_ID 250; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9520; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9519 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9492; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9487 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9500; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9498 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9534; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9532 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9547; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9546 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9470; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9468 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 250; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9520; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9519 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2291 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8123 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4144
4-Acetylbutyrate
4-Acetylbutyrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. KEIO_ID A092
Altanserin
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist Altanserin can synthesize Fluorine-18 Altanserin. Fluorine-18 Altanserin binds to the brain 5HT2 receptors[1].
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls. These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group. Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound. Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils. Benzyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages. On high concnetrations benzyl acetate is a potentially toxic compound. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. Occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince. Flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1]. Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1].
bestatin
KEIO_ID B018; [MS2] KO009090 KEIO_ID B018 Bestatin is a natural, broad-spectrum, and competitive CD13 (Aminopeptidase N)/APN and leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor. Bestatin has anticancer effects[1][2].
2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid
2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
(S)-3-Octanol
Present in Mentha subspecies oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent. 3-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are mushrooms, soy bean, rosemary, and alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is found in alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is present in Mentha species oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. 3-Octanol is a flavouring agent
D-Arabinose 5-phosphate
D-Arabinose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide. It is reversibly converted to D-ribulose 5-phosphate by arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.13). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D-Arabinose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide. KEIO_ID A147
Propynoic acid
Propynoic acid, also known as propiolic acid, is involved in propanoate metabolism and is interconverted into 2-propyn-1-al by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Propynoic acid is an unsaturated organic acid and it can be prepared by boiling acetylene dicarboxylic acid. It is chemically obtained by the action of alcoholic potash on dibromosuccinic acid, or its acid potassium salt with water. It forms silky crystals which melt at 6°C and boil at about 144°C with decomposition. It is soluble in water and possesses an odour resembling that of acetic acid. Exposure to sunlight converts it into trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid). It undergoes bromination to give dibromoacrylic acid. With hydrogen chloride it forms chloroacrylic acid. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone. Propynoic acid forms a characteristic explosive silver salt upon the addition of ammoniacal silver nitrate to its aqueous solution, and an amorphous precipitate which explodes upon warming with ammoniacal cuprous chloride. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone (Wikipedia). Propynoic acid is involved in propanoate metabolism and is interconverted between 2-propyn1-al and propynoic acid by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Propiolic acid is an unsaturated organic acid and it can be prepared by boiling acetylene dicarboxylic acid. It is chemically obtained by the action of alcoholic potash on dibromosuccinic acid, or its acid potassium salt with water. It forms silky crystals which melt at 6 degree centigrade, and boil at about 144 degree centigrade with decomposition. It is soluble in water and possesses an odor resembling that of acetic acid. Exposure to sunlight converts it into trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid). Bromine converts it into dibromoacrylic acid, and it gives with hydrochloric acid O-chloracrylic acid. It forms a characteristic explosive silver salt on the addition of ammoniacal silver nitrate to its aqueous solution, and an amorphous precipitate which explodes on warming with ammoniacal cuprous chloride. Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone. [HMDB] KEIO_ID P040
2-Methylserine
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M025
Decanoylcarnitine (C10)
Decanoylcarnitine is a member of the class of compounds known as acylcarnitines. More specifically, it is a decanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered in the 1940s (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Decanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine decanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494 ). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular decanoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with obesity in adolescence (PMID: 26910390 ). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (PMID: 26928931 ). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews]. Acylcarnitine useful in the diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation disorders and differentiation between biochemical phenotypes of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency deficiencyoxidation disorders.(PMID: 12385891) [HMDB]
3,4',7-Trihydroxyflavone
3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is found in chickpea. 3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is isolated from Cicer arietinum (chickpea). Isolated from Cicer arietinum (chickpea). 3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is found in chickpea, lentils, and pulses. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1]. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1].
Paeonilactone B
D-Glycero-D-galacto-heptitol
D-Glycero-D-manno-heptitol is found in avocado. D-Glycero-D-manno-heptitol occurs in the edible chichitake mushroom (Lactarius volemus). D-Glycero-D-manno-heptitol is widely distributed in plants. Occurs in the edible chichitake mushroom (Lactarius volemus). Widely distributed in plants. D-Glycero-D-manno-heptitol is found in mushrooms and avocado.
Chromafenozide
6'-O-Malonyldaidzin
Present in soy foods; potential nutriceutical. 6-Malonyldaidzin is found in many foods, some of which are soy milk, soy sauce, soy bean, and soy yogurt. 6-O-Malonyldaidzin is found in miso. 6-O-Malonyldaidzin is present in soy foods; potential nutriceutical.
Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone
Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is found in alcoholic beverages. Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is present in blackcurrant buds and berries, melon, papaya, pineapple, peaches, apricot, wheat bread, crispbread, wines, black tea and other foodstuffs. Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is a flavouring agent Flavouring ingredient. It is used in coconut flavours.
cis-Hinokiresinol
cis-Hinokiresinol, a type of lignan, is a natural compound found in various plants, particularly conifers like cypress. Lignans, including cis-Hinokiresinol, have garnered significant interest in the field of pharmacology and nutrition due to their diverse biological functions: 1. **Antioxidant Activity**: cis-Hinokiresinol exhibits antioxidant properties, which means it can help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. This activity is important for protecting cells from oxidative stress, which is associated with aging and various diseases. 2. **Anti-Inflammatory Effects**: The compound has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic inflammation is linked to numerous diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. By reducing inflammation, cis-Hinokiresinol may contribute to the prevention or treatment of these conditions. 3. **Anticancer Potential**: Some studies suggest that lignans, including cis-Hinokiresinol, may have anti-cancer properties. They may influence cancer cell growth, apoptosis (cell death), and angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels in tumors). However, more research is needed to fully understand these effects. 4. **Estrogenic and Anti-Estrogenic Activities**: cis-Hinokiresinol and other lignans can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, exhibiting both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. This dual activity might be beneficial in conditions where estrogen balance is crucial, such as in hormone-related cancers. 5. **Prebiotic Effects**: In the gut, lignans can be metabolized by gut bacteria into compounds with estrogenic or anti-estrogenic properties. This transformation contributes to the overall hormonal balance in the body and may have implications for health.
Pyrophosphate
The anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate anion is abbreviated PPi and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P2O74-, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate. Pyrophosphate is an osteotoxin (arrests bone development) and an arthritogen (promotes arthritis). It is also a metabotoxin (an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health affects at chronically high levels). Chronically high levels of pyrophosphate are associated with hypophosphatasia. Hypophosphatasia (also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase or phosphoethanolaminuria) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, metabolic bone disease. Hypophosphatasia is associated with a molecular defect in the gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is an enzyme that is tethered to the outer surface of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. TNSALP hydrolyzes several substances, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), a major form of vitamin B6. When TSNALP is low, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) accumulates outside of cells and inhibits the formation of hydroxyapatite, one of the main components of bone, causing rickets in infants and children and osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults. Vitamin B6 must be dephosphorylated by TNSALP before it can cross the cell membrane. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the brain impairs synthesis of neurotransmitters which can cause seizures. In some cases, a build-up of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joints can cause pseudogout. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Formiminoglutamic acid
Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy. [HMDB] Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
L-Aspartate-semialdehyde
L-Aspartate-semialdehyde (CAS: 15106-57-7) is involved in both the lysine biosynthesis I and homoserine biosynthesis pathways. In the lysine biosynthesis I pathway, L-aspartate-semialdehyde is produced from a reaction between L-aspartyl-4-phosphate and NADPH, with phosphate and NADP+ as byproducts. The reaction is catalyzed by aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. L-Aspartate-semialdehyde reacts with pyruvate to produce L-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate and water. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase catalyzes this reaction. In the homoserine biosynthesis pathway, L-aspartate-semialdehyde is produced from a reaction between L-aspartyl-4-phosphate and NADPH, with phosphate and NADP+ as byproducts. The reaction is catalyzed by aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. L-Aspartate-semialdehyde reacts with NAD(P)H and H+ to form homoserine and NAD(P)+. L-Aspartate-semialdehyde is involved in both the lysine biosynthesis I and homoserine biosynthesis pathways.
Macrocin
A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007933 - Leucomycins
Pentanoyl-CoA
Pentanoyl CoA is an acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid, inside living cells. The CoA is then removed from the chain, carrying two carbons from the chain with it, forming acetyl-CoA. This is then used in the citric acid cycle to start a chain of reactions, eventually forming many adenosine triphosphates. To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an Acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <=> Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi has a free energy change near zero. Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible. Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine. Pentanoyl coA is a acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain.
Formylmethanofuran
Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA
Dec-4-enedioyl-coa, also known as 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-4-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA into Dec-4-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Dec-4-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ket... a-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a a product of isoleucine catabolism. It is converted to Tiglyl-CoA by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also called 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or MBHD, is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process the amino acid isoleucine properly. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH2 gene. Untreated MBHD can lead to progressive loss of motor skills, to mental retardation and to epilepsy. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial). [HMDB]
4-Trimethylammoniobutanal
4-Trimethylammoniobutanal is a substrate for Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cytosolic), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (dimeric NADP-preferring), Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 and Aldehyde dehydrogenase X (mitochondrial). [HMDB] 4-Trimethylammoniobutanal is a substrate for Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cytosolic), Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (mitochondrial), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (dimeric NADP-preferring), Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 and Aldehyde dehydrogenase X (mitochondrial).
GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose
GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose is an intermediate in the fucosylation of mammalian cells. The functional significance of these fucosylated glycans is unclear, although there is evidence that the sialyl Lex determinant participaates in leukocyte adhesion and trafficking processes. GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose is generated by GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMD). This compound is then converted by the FX protein (GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose epimerase/GDP-4-keto-6-L-galactose reductase) to GDP-L-fucose. (PMID: 11698403) [HMDB]. GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose is found in many foods, some of which are bayberry, cherimoya, greenthread tea, and pulses. GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose is an intermediate in the fucosylation of mammalian cells. The functional significance of these fucosylated glycans is unclear, although there is evidence that the sialyl Lex determinant participaates in leukocyte adhesion and trafficking processes. GDP-4-Dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose is generated by GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMD). This compound is then converted by the FX protein (GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose epimerase/GDP-4-keto-6-L-galactose reductase) to GDP-L-fucose. (PMID: 11698403). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate
all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of the hexaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway. In this pathway, multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form various polyisoprenoids. There are two different pathways for the biosynthesis of IPP. Bacteria that possess ubiquinone generally use the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP), while the eukaryotic microorganisms use the mevalonate pathway. However, exceptions exist. For example, some eukaryotic microbes, like the green algae and the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, appear to utilize the MEP pathway, and some bacteria utilize the mevalonate pathway (Eisenreich01, Eisenreich04). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, the initial addition of two isoprenyl units to form (E, E)-farnesyl diphosphate is catalyzed by geranyltransferase / dimethylallyltransferase, encoded by FPP1. An additional unit is added by farnesyltranstransferase (encoded by BTS1), resulting in the formation of all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate. The last enzyme in this pathway is hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (encoded by COQ1), which adds additional isoprenoid units to a maximal length unique to the organism. In the case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, it is 6 units. Polyprenyl diphosphate synthase enzymes, such as hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase, are responsible for determining the final length of the tail. When yeast COQ1 mutants are complemented with homologs from other organisms, ubiquinone biosynthesis is restored, but the tail length of the quinone depends on the source of the enzyme. All-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of hexaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway.In this pathway multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form various polyisoprenoids.
D-Apiose
Beta-d-apiofuranose is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Beta-d-apiofuranose is very soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-d-apiofuranose can be found in parsley, which makes beta-d-apiofuranose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
D-Apiose is found in green vegetables. D-Apiose is first found in parsley as the glycoside Apiin
Pentadecanal
Isolated from essential oil of Cinnamomum micranthum and from lemon oil (Citrus limon). Pentadecanal is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, herbs and spices, citrus, and coriander. Pentadecanal is found in citrus. Pentadecanal is isolated from essential oil of Cinnamomum micranthum and from lemon oil (Citrus limon
L-Erythrulose
L-Erythrulose is an extremely reactive ketose, which rapidly glycates and crosslinks proteins, and therefore may mediate the(L-ascorbate) AsA-dependent modification of protein (ascorbylation) seen in vitro, and also proposed to occur in vivo in human lens during diabetic and age-onset cataract formation.(PMID: 10727845) [HMDB] L-Erythrulose is an extremely reactive ketose, which rapidly glycates and crosslinks proteins, and therefore may mediate the(L-ascorbate) AsA-dependent modification of protein (ascorbylation) seen in vitro, and also proposed to occur in vivo in human lens during diabetic and age-onset cataract formation.(PMID: 10727845).
Eicosanoyl-CoA
Eicosanoyl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid, a substrate of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase with high specificity as an acyl donor. Cells and membranes of mammalian cells synthesize their glycerophospholipids and triglycerides to maintain the cellular integrity and to provide energy for cellular functions. The phospholipids are synthesized de novo in cells through an evolutionary conserved process involving serial acylations of glycerol-3-phosphate. Several isoforms of the enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.51, AGPAT) acylate lysophosphatidic acid at the sn-2 position to produce phosphatidic acid. Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.65, BACAT) catalyzes the conjugation of bile acids to glycine and taurine for excretion into bile and can utilize Eicosanoyl-CoA as an acyl donor as well; this may play important roles in protection against toxicity by accumulation of unconjugated bile acids and non-esterified very long-chain fatty acids. (PMID: 17535882, 12810727) [HMDB] Eicosanoyl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid, a substrate of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase with high specificity as an acyl donor. Cells and membranes of mammalian cells synthesize their glycerophospholipids and triglycerides to maintain the cellular integrity and to provide energy for cellular functions. The phospholipids are synthesized de novo in cells through an evolutionary conserved process involving serial acylations of glycerol-3-phosphate. Several isoforms of the enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.51, AGPAT) acylate lysophosphatidic acid at the sn-2 position to produce phosphatidic acid. Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.65, BACAT) catalyzes the conjugation of bile acids to glycine and taurine for excretion into bile and can utilize Eicosanoyl-CoA as an acyl donor as well; this may play important roles in protection against toxicity by accumulation of unconjugated bile acids and non-esterified very long-chain fatty acids. (PMID: 17535882, 12810727).
Prostanoic acid
A carbocyclic fatty acid composed of heptanoic acid having a (1S,2S)-2-octylcyclopentyl substituent at position 7.
2-Oxosuccinamate
This compound belongs to the family of Short-chain Keto Acids and Derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms
Hydroxylated lecithin
Hydroxylated lecithin is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
N-Benzoylanthranilic acid
N-Benzoylanthranilic acid is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")
L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate
L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino groups. It is a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)In citrulline biosynthesis, it is a substrate of the enzyme glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.41] and in proline synthesis it is a substrate of the enzyme Glutamate 5-kinase [EC 2.7.2.11] (BioCyc). L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)
2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-oxo-acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative. 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA is a substrate for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type II, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial), peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme, trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal). 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA is a substrate for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type II, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial), Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme, Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), Short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (mitochondrial) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal). [HMDB]. 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are spirulina, macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), root vegetables, and yardlong bean.
S-Ribosylhomocysteine
S-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine is an S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is functionally related to a L-homocysteine.
(±)-2'-Hydroxydihydrodaidzein
(±)-2-hydroxydihydrodaidzein, also known as 2,4,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoflavanones. Isoflavanones are polycyclic compounds containing an isoflavan skeleton which bears a ketone at position C4. Thus, (±)-2-hydroxydihydrodaidzein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule (±)-2-hydroxydihydrodaidzein is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (±)-2-hydroxydihydrodaidzein can be found in green bean, pulses, and yellow wax bean, which makes (±)-2-hydroxydihydrodaidzein a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (±)-2-Hydroxydihydrodaidzein is found in pulses. (±)-2-Hydroxydihydrodaidzein is isolated from pods of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) and also from Phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean).
N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid is a component of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acids present in the human erythrocyte membrane (RBC). (PMID: 12527384) [HMDB] N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid is a component of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acids present in the human erythrocyte membrane (RBC). (PMID: 12527384).
LysoPA(16:0/0:0)
LysoPA(16:0/0:0) is a lysophosphatidic acid. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. Lysophosphatidic acids can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) or C-2 (sn-2) position. Fatty acids containing 16 and 18 carbons are the most common. Lysophosphatidic acid is the simplest possible glycerophospholipid. It is the biosynthetic precursor of phosphatidic acid. Although it is present at very low levels only in animal tissues, it is extremely important biologically, influencing many biochemical processes. In particular, lysophosphatidic acid is an intercellular lipid mediator with growth factor-like activities, and is rapidly produced and released from activated platelets to influence target cells. 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid is the major component of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in plasma, and is in a reduced ratio in individuals with gynecological cancers (PMID 11585410). LPA is a pluripotent lipid mediator controlling growth, motility, and differentiation, that has a strong influence on the chemotaxis and ultrastructure of human neutrophils (PMID 7416233). In serum and plasma, LPA is mainly converted from lysophospholipids, whereas in platelets and some cancer cells it is converted from phosphatidic acid. In each pathway, at least two phospholipase activities are required: phospholipase A1 (PLA1)/PLA2 plus lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activities are involved in the first pathway and phospholipase D (PLD) plus PLA1/PLA2 activities are involved in the second pathway. (PMID 15271293). Lysopa(16:0/0:0), also known as 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid or 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphates. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphates are lysophosphatidic acids where the glycerol is esterified with a fatty acid at O-1 position. Thus, lysopa(16:0/0:0) is considered to be a glycerophosphate lipid molecule. Lysopa(16:0/0:0) is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lysopa(16:0/0:0) can be found in a number of food items such as alfalfa, soy bean, banana, and barley, which makes lysopa(16:0/0:0) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lysopa(16:0/0:0) can be found primarily throughout all human tissues. Lysopa(16:0/0:0) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, lysopa(16:0/0:0) is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/18:1(11Z)/18:0/18:1(9Z)), cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)/16:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/18:1(11Z)/18:0/18:1(11Z)). Lysopa(16:0/0:0) is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/24:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/15:0/24:0).
D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate
D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate can be biosynthesized from inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66). 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.66]. [HMDB]
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, also known as UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleotide sugars. These are pyrimidine nucleotides bound to a saccharide derivative through the terminal phosphate group. UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Oregon yampahs, oriental wheat, Chinese mustards, blackcurrants, and pomegranates. This could make UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose is synthesized from UDP-glucose via the enzyme UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase. UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose is synthesized from UDP-glucose through the enzyme UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase. [HMDB]. UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose is found in many foods, some of which are alaska wild rhubarb, soy bean, ginkgo nuts, and common beet.
4-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate
D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate
D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate, also known as Ins(1,3,4,6)P4, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate is an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate can be converted into D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol polyphosphate multikinase. In addition, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate can be biosynthesized from inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase. In humans, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate is involved in inositol phosphate metabolism and is a substrate for the tyrosine-protein kinase BTK. 1D-Myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate is a substrate for Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK and Inositol polyphosphate multikinase. [HMDB]
D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate
Inositol phosphates are a family of water-soluble intracellular signalling molecules derived from membrane inositol phospholipids. They undergo a variety of complex interconversion pathways, and their levels are dynamically regulated within the cytosol in response to a variety of agonists. D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, also known as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, has a direct biphasic (activation/inhibition) effect on an epithelial Ca2+-activated chloride channel. The effect of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is not mimicked by other inositol tetrakisphosphate isomers, is dependent on the prevailing calcium concentration, and is influenced when channels are phosphorylated by calmodulin kinase II. The predominant effect of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 on phosphorylated channels is inhibitory at levels of intracellular calcium observed in stimulated cells. Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 activity acts to inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion. The secretion of fluid and electrolytes across intestinal epithelial cells in response to Ca2+-dependent secretagogues is a tightly regulated process that is subject to both positive and negative influences. Agonists of Gq protein-coupled receptor (GqPCRs) appear to have the ability to evoke antisecretory mechanisms. One is mediated by the generation of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and serves to chronically downregulate epithelial responsiveness to subsequent challenges with Ca2+-dependent agonists (PMID: 12388102, 11408264). Inositol phosphates are a family of water-soluble intracellular signaling molecules derived from membrane inositol phospholipids. They undergo a variety of complex interconversion pathways, and their levels are dynamically regulated within the cytosol in response to a variety of agonists. D-Myo-inositol (3,4,5,6) tetrakisphosphate (Ins(3,4,5,6)P4) has a direct biphasic (activation/inhibition) effect on an epithelial Ca2+-activated chloride channel. The effect of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is not mimicked by other inositol tetrakisphosphate isomers, is dependent on the prevailing calcium concentration, and is influenced when channels are phosphorylated by calmodulin kinase II. The predominant effect of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 on phosphorylated channels is inhibitory at levels of intracellular calcium observed in stimulated cells. Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 activity acts to inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion. The secretion of fluid and electrolytes across intestinal epithelial cells in response to Ca2+-dependent secretagogues is a tightly regulated process that is subject to both positive and negative influences. Agonists of Gq protein-coupled receptor (GqPCRs) appear to have the ability to evoke antisecretory mechanisms. One is mediated by the generation of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and serves to chronically downregulate epithelial responsiveness to subsequent challenge with Ca2+-dependent agonists. (PMID: 12388102, 11408264) [HMDB]
lipid IVA
3-ureido-isobutyrate
Ureidoisobutyric acid, also known as 3-ureidoisobutyrate or beta-uba, is a member of the class of compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Ureidoisobutyric acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ureidoisobutyric acid can be found in a number of food items such as pili nut, breakfast cereal, bitter gourd, and scarlet bean, which makes ureidoisobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ureidoisobutyric acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Ureidoisobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ureidoisobutyric acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Ureidoisobutyric acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Moreover, ureidoisobutyric acid is found to be associated with beta-ureidopropionase deficiency.
7-Dehydrodesmosterol
7-dehydrodesmosterol, also known as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol or 24-dehydroprovitamin d3, belongs to cholesterols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 7-dehydrodesmosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 7-dehydrodesmosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7-dehydrodesmosterol can be found in a number of food items such as nectarine, orange bell pepper, cinnamon, and carrot, which makes 7-dehydrodesmosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. In humans, 7-dehydrodesmosterol is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include atorvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, pamidronate action pathway, and steroid biosynthesis. 7-dehydrodesmosterol is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include mevalonic aciduria, wolman disease, chondrodysplasia punctata II, X linked dominant (CDPX2), and hyper-igd syndrome. 7-Dehydrodesmosterol is a sterol intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids. 7-Dehydrodesmosterol is a substrate of the enzyme 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (EC:1.3.1.72), an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of Cholesterol. Cholesterol is synthesized from either Lathosterol, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Desmosterol or Cholestenol by the enzyme 3beta-hydroxysterol delta7 reductase (EC 1.3.1.21, Dhcr7). The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS, OMIM 270400) is caused by a genetic defect in cholesterol biosynthesis; mutations in the enzyme 3beta-hydroxysterol delta7 reductase lead to a failure of cholesterol synthesis, with an accumulation of precursor sterols, such as 7-Dehydrodesmosterol. SLOS results in craniofacial, limb as well as major organ defects, including the brain. In individuals with this syndrome, mental retardation, as well as other CNS dysfunction, is almost 100\\% prevalent. (PMID: 15862627, 17197219).
19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide. It is generated from 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and then converted to Estrone. [HMDB] 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide. It is generated from 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and then converted to Estrone. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
4,6-Dihydroxyquinoline
4,6-Dihydroxyquinoline is the product of the conversion of 5-hydroxykynurenamine by the enzyme monoamine oxidase, both metabolites from the 5-hydroxytryptophan metabolism. (PMIDs 7160021, 312499) [HMDB] 4,6-Dihydroxyquinoline is the product of the conversion of 5-hydroxykynurenamine by the enzyme monoamine oxidase, both metabolites from the 5-hydroxytryptophan metabolism. (PMIDs 7160021, 312499). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Leucocyanidin
Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1]. Leucocyanidin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=480-17-1 (retrieved 2024-09-18) (CAS RN: 480-17-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Leukotriene F4
Leukotriene F4 is an intermediate in Arachidonic acid metabolism. Leukotriene F4 is converted from Leukotriene E4 via the enzyme Transferases (EC 2.3.2.-).Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Leukotriene F4 is an intermediate in Arachidonic acid metabolism. Leukotriene F4 is converted from Leukotriene E4 via the enzyme Transferases (EC 2.3.2.-).
5-Guanylylmethylenediphosphonate
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents
Deacetoxycephalosporin C
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
Erythromycin
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents
berythromycin
An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide B having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C261 - Macrolide Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Clavaldehyde
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is clavulanic acid in which the allylic alcohol group has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde.
3,6-dichlorocatechol
3,6-dichlorocatechol, also known as 3,6-dichloro-1,2-benzenediol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-chlorocatechols. 3-chlorocatechols are chlorocatechols with the chlorine atom attached at position C3 of the benzene ring. 3,6-dichlorocatechol is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,6-dichlorocatechol can be found in a number of food items such as gooseberry, jicama, nutmeg, and lingonberry, which makes 3,6-dichlorocatechol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
triclofos
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
1,2-Epoxy-p-menth-8-ene
1,2-epoxy-p-menth-8-ene, also known as limonene-1,2-epoxide or 1,2-epoxylimonene, is a member of the class of compounds known as oxepanes. Oxepanes are compounds containing an oxepane ring, which is a seven-member saturated aliphatic heterocycle with one oxygen and six carbon atoms. 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-8-ene is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-8-ene is a green tasting compound found in lemon and wild celery, which makes 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-8-ene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1,2-Epoxy-p-menth-8-ene is found in citrus. 1,2-Epoxy-p-menth-8-ene is isolated from oil of Cymbopogon species, orange (Citrus sinensis), Japanese pepper tree (Zanthoxylum piperitum) and other
Remikiren
Remikiren is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an orally active, high specificity renin inhibitor. Several in vivo experiments have shown that remikiren is specific for renin and does not decrease arterial pressure by an unrelated mechanism. C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09X - Other agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09XA - Renin-inhibitors C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor
Chlorphentermine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant
Ethotoin
Ethotoin is a hydantoin derivative and anticonvulsant. Ethotoin exerts an antiepileptic effect without causing general central nervous system depression. The mechanism of action is probably very similar to that of phenytoin. The latter drug appears to stabilize rather than to raise the normal seizure threshold, and to prevent the spread of seizure activity rather than to abolish the primary focus of seizure discharges. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AB - Hydantoin derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
CHLORPHENESIN CARBAMATE
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist
cefuroxime axetil
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Eutypine
Eutypine is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. Hydroxybenzaldehydes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. Eutypine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Eutypine can be found in common grape, which makes eutypine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Gamma-glutamylglutamate
gammaGlutamylglutamic acid is made of two glutamic acid molecules. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid) [HMDB] gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel and other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: (1) damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+ (2) Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produce spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (Wikipedia).
Phensuximide
Phensuximide is an anticonvulsant in the succinimide class. It suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave EEG pattern associated with lapses of consciousness in petit mal seizures. The frequency of attacks is reduced by depression of nerve transmission in the motor cortex. N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AD - Succinimide derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent
Curine
Curine is an aromatic ether. Curine is a natural product found in Cissampelos pareira, Cyclea barbata, and other organisms with data available.
Swertiaperennin
2-O-methylswertianin is a member of the class of xanthones that is swertianin in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of xanthones, an aromatic ether and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a swertianin. 1,8-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Swertia japonica, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of xanthones that is swertianin in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.
5-O-Methylembelin
5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].
Sophoraisoflavanone A
A hydroxyisoflavanone that is isoflavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4, a methoxy substituent at position 2 and a prenyl group at position 3.
Casimiroin
Casimiroin is found in pomes. Casimiroin is an alkaloid from the seed and bark of Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Alkaloid from the seed and bark of Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Casimiroin is found in pomes.
Calystegin A3
Alkaloid from Solanum tuberosum (potato). Calystegin A3 is found in many foods, some of which are eggplant, alcoholic beverages, potato, and sweet potato. Calystegin A3 is found in alcoholic beverages. Calystegin A3 is an alkaloid from Solanum tuberosum (potato).
Calystegine B2
Alkaloid from Solanum tuberosum (potato), Solanum melongena (aubergine). Calystegine B2 is found in many foods, some of which are alcoholic beverages, fruits, swamp cabbage, and eggplant. Calystegine B2 is found in alcoholic beverages. Calystegine B2 is an alkaloid from Solanum tuberosum (potato), Solanum melongena (aubergine).
Sulfometuron-methyl
D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
Chlorpromazine-N-oxide
Chlorpromazine-N-oxide is a metabolite of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine (as chlorpromazine hydrochloride, abbreviated CPZ; marketed in the United States as Thorazine and elsewhere as Largactil) is a typical antipsychotic. First synthesized on December 11, 1950, chlorpromazine was the first drug developed with specific antipsychotic action, and would serve as the prototype for the phenothiazine class of drugs, which later grew to comprise several other agents. (Wikipedia)
4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybutyric acid.
N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4
N acetyl LTE4 is a minor metabolite of Leukotriene E4 in normal human subjects. (PMID: 2174886) [HMDB] N acetyl LTE4 is a minor metabolite of Leukotriene E4 in normal human subjects. (PMID: 2174886).
delta8,14-Sterol
delta8,14-Sterol, also known as 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, delta8,14-sterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. delta8,14-Sterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. delta8,14-Sterol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids and is converted from O-butusifoliol via the enzyme cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A (sterol 14-demethylase) (EC 1.14.13.70). It is then converted into 4-alpha-methylfecosterol via the enzyme delta14-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70). Constituent of wheat germ oil (Triticum aestivum)
6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-2-methylamino-4-(3-pyridylmethyl)benzothiazole
omega-COOH-LTE4NAc
Oxmetidine
Oxmetidine belongs to the family of Benzodioxoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to either isomers of dioxole. C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent > C29702 - Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents
8,8a-Deoxyoleandolide
8,8a-Deoxyoleandolide is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of organic compound derived from the metabolism of plants. It is characterized by the absence of an oxygen atom at the 8 and 8a positions in its molecular structure, which differentiates it from the related compound oleandolide. Sesquiterpene lactones are known for their biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. 8,8a-Deoxyoleandolide may be found in various plant species and could be of interest for pharmaceutical research due to its potential therapeutic effects. The compound's structure typically includes a lactone ring fused with a sesquiterpene framework, and it may exhibit various substituents depending on its source and the specific plant it is derived from. 13-Deethyl-6,12-dideoxy-13-methylerythronolide A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=53428-54-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 53428-54-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
10-Deoxymethymycin
A macrolide antibiotic that is the 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexoside of 10-deoxymethynolide.
Neocarzinostatin chromophore
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
asukamycin
A polyketide that is a member of the manumycin family of antibiotics and exhibits strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antineoplastic activities. Isolated from from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis.
Furo(3,4-b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-4-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D002120 - Calcium Channel Agonists D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Devazepide
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
DG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/0:0)
DG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/0:0) is a diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol (DAG). It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. DG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/0:0), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of oleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the oleic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils, especially olive and canola oil. Mono- and diacylglycerols are common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water, which would not otherwise blend well. Dacylglycerols are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections. Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. DG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.
2,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl
D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D011078 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls
16-Ketoestradiol
16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. [HMDB] 16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
3-Ethylphenol
3-Ethylphenol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 4-position. These are compounds containing a phenol moiety, which is a benzene bearing an hydroxyl group. 3-Ethylphenol is a musty tasting compound. 3-Ethylphenol has been detected, but not quantified, in cauliflowers. This could make 3-ethylphenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 3-Ethylphenol is a potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5500; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5498 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5481; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5477 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5508; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5504 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5517; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5515 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5505; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5503 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 451; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5508; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5507 Flavouring compound [Flavornet]
Bolasterone
Bolasterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid. Analysis of steroids in urine has been used to detect different hormonal actions in human beings such as testicular function in men, hyperandrogenic disorders in women and puberty problems in children, by the measurement of anabolic steroids, and some hormonal disorders such as adrenocortical adenoma and Cushing syndrome by the control of corticoids. This steroid have been included in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) doping list due to their illegal use in some sports and in the list of schedules drugs in several countries because of its use by young people. In addition, the examination of endogenous steroids profile provides information about the health and the use of exogenous steroids. Bolasterone is excreted as the original compound in human urine. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10892583, 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 16040239) [HMDB] Bolasterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid. Analysis of steroids in urine has been used to detect different hormonal actions in human beings such as testicular function in men, hyperandrogenic disorders in women and puberty problems in children, by the measurement of anabolic steroids, and some hormonal disorders such as adrenocortical adenoma and Cushing syndrome by the control of corticoids. This steroid have been included in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) doping list due to their illegal use in some sports and in the list of schedules drugs in several countries because of its use by young people. In addition, the examination of endogenous steroids profile provides information about the health and the use of exogenous steroids. Bolasterone is excreted as the original compound in human urine. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10892583, 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 16040239). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D03144
Protandren
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D08196
4-t-Butylbenzoic acid
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4630; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4625 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4617; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4616 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4640; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4636 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4710; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4706 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4650; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4645 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 218; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4623; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4620
2,4-Diphenyl-1-butene
2,4-Diphenyl-1-butene is a styrene dimer. Present as an impurity in polystyrene food containers and other products - liberated on heatin
Androstane-3,17-diol dipropionate
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
2-chloro-4-biphenylol
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5119; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5116 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5103 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5184; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5183 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5105; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5101 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5089; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5088 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1048; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5081; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079
1-nitrosonaphthalene
1-nitrosonaphthalene is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic
N-Hydroxy-1-aminonaphthalene
N-Hydroxy-1-aminonaphthalene, also known as 1-Naphthylhydroxylamine or N-Hydroxy-1-naphthylamine, is classified as a member of the Naphthalenes. Naphthalenes are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings. N-Hydroxy-1-aminonaphthalene is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral
Hepoxilin B3
Hepoxilin B3 is a normal human epidermis eicosanoid. Hepoxilin B3 is dramatically elevated in psoriatic lesions. The primary biological action of the hepoxilins appears to relate to their ability to release calcium from intracellular stores through a receptor-mediated action. The receptor is intracellular, and appears to be G-protein coupled. The conversion of hepoxilin into its omega-hydroxy catabolite has recently been demonstrated through the action of an omega-hydroxylase. This enzyme is different from that which oxidizes leukotriene B4, as the former activity is lost when the cell is disrupted, while leukotriene B4-catabolic activity is recovered in both the intact and disrupted cell. Additionally, hepoxilin catabolism is inhibited by CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, while leukotriene catabolism is unaffected. As hepoxilins cause the translocation of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, it is speculated that hepoxilin omega-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria, and the omega-oxidation product facilitates accumulation of the elevated cytosolic calcium by the mitochondria. (PMID 10692117, 11851887, 10086189) [HMDB] Hepoxilin B3 is a normal human epidermis eicosanoid. Hepoxilin B3 is dramatically elevated in psoriatic lesions. The primary biological action of the hepoxilins appears to relate to their ability to release calcium from intracellular stores through a receptor-mediated action. The receptor is intracellular, and appears to be G-protein coupled. The conversion of hepoxilin into its omega-hydroxy catabolite has recently been demonstrated through the action of an omega-hydroxylase. This enzyme is different from that which oxidizes leukotriene B4, as the former activity is lost when the cell is disrupted, while leukotriene B4-catabolic activity is recovered in both the intact and disrupted cell. Additionally, hepoxilin catabolism is inhibited by CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, while leukotriene catabolism is unaffected. As hepoxilins cause the translocation of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, it is speculated that hepoxilin omega-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria, and the omega-oxidation product facilitates accumulation of the elevated cytosolic calcium by the mitochondria. (PMID 10692117, 11851887, 10086189).
Troxilin B3
Troxilin B3 is the enzymatically formed derivative of Hepoxilin B3. Normal human epidermis incubated with exogenous AA produces 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxo-ETE), hepoxilin A3 (HxA3), and hepoxilin B3 (HxB3) through the 12- Lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. 12-LO is the major arachidonic acid (AA) oxygenation pathway in epidermal cells with total product formation generally exceeding cyclooxygenase activity. Platelet-type 12-LO has been found to be the predominant isoenzyme expressed in human and murine skin epidermis. Increased levels of nonesterified hepoxilins and trioxilins occur in the psoriatic scales. Normal human epidermis synthesized only one of the two possible 10-hydroxy epimers of HxB3 whose formation is probably catalyzed by 12-LO. Hepoxilins exert action on plasma permeability on skin, and induce a specific-receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilization from endogenous sources and the release of AA and diacylglycerols. (PMID: 11851887) [HMDB] Troxilin B3 is the enzymatically formed derivative of Hepoxilin B3. Normal human epidermis incubated with exogenous AA produces 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxo-ETE), hepoxilin A3 (HxA3), and hepoxilin B3 (HxB3) through the 12- Lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. 12-LO is the major arachidonic acid (AA) oxygenation pathway in epidermal cells with total product formation generally exceeding cyclooxygenase activity. Platelet-type 12-LO has been found to be the predominant isoenzyme expressed in human and murine skin epidermis. Increased levels of nonesterified hepoxilins and trioxilins occur in the psoriatic scales. Normal human epidermis synthesized only one of the two possible 10-hydroxy epimers of HxB3 whose formation is probably catalyzed by 12-LO. Hepoxilins exert action on plasma permeability on skin, and induce a specific-receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilization from endogenous sources and the release of AA and diacylglycerols. (PMID: 11851887).
11,14,15-THETA
11,14,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,14,15-THETA) is a metabolite of the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA). Increased amounts of 11,14,15-THETA are synthesized in subacute hypoxia. Prolonged exposure to reduced PO2 activates 15-LO in small pulmonary arteries (PA); activation of 15-LO is associated with translocation of the enzyme from the cytosol to membrane. 11,14,15-THETA is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. (PMID: 12690037, 9812980, 15388505, 14622984) [HMDB] 11,14,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,14,15-THETA) is a metabolite of the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA). Increased amounts of 11,14,15-THETA are synthesized in subacute hypoxia. Prolonged exposure to reduced PO2 activates 15-LO in small pulmonary arteries (PA); activation of 15-LO is associated with translocation of the enzyme from the cytosol to membrane. 11,14,15-THETA is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. (PMID: 12690037, 9812980, 15388505, 14622984).
17beta-Acetylestradiol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones β-Estradiol 17-acetate is a metabolite of estradiol. Target: Others β-Estradiol 17-acetate is a metabolite of estradiol.
16beta-Estradiol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Coelichelin
A tetrapeptide hydroxamate siderophore that is isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor.
Spheroidene
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Stearidonoyl CoA
Stearidonyl CoA or (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatetraenoyl-CoA is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatetraenoyl-CoA is generated from (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoyl-CoA via the enzyme fatty acid desaturase 2(EC 1.14.19.-).
Lipoyl-AMP
Lipoyl-amp is part of the Protein modification, and Lipoic acid metabolism pathways. It is a substrate for: Lipoyltransferase 1, mitochondrial.
2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, also known as 2-hadnt or 4,6-dinitro-2-hydroxylaminotoluene, is a member of the class of compounds known as dinitrotoluenes. Dinitrotoluenes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single methyl group and exactly two nitro groups. 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene can be found in a number of food items such as rye, jujube, komatsuna, and allspice, which makes 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Fructoselysine 6-phosphate
An L-lysine derivative having a 6-phosphofructosyl group attached to the side-chain amino group.
13Z-docosenoyl-CoA
13Z-docosenoyl-CoA is also known as C22:1(N-9) -CoA or Erucyl-CoA. 13Z-docosenoyl-CoA is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 13Z-docosenoyl-CoA is a fatty ester lipid molecule
alpha-Hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen
alpha-Hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen is a metabolite of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist, and thus may be characterized as a mixed agonist/antagonist. Tamoxifen is the usual endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, and is also a standard in post-menopausal women although aromatase inhibitors are also frequently used in that setting. (Wikipedia)
Aldoifosfamide
Aldoifosfamide is a metabolite of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide (pronounced eye. fos. fa. mide) (also marketed as Mitoxana and Ifex) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer. It is sometimes abbreviated IFO. (Wikipedia)
6-Thiourate
This compound belongs to the family of Purines and Purine Derivatives. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring.
DG(14:0/14:0/0:0)
DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is a diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol (DAG). It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0), in particular, consists of two chains of myristic acid at the C-1 and C-2 positions. The myristic acid moieties are derived from nutmeg and butter. Mono- and diacylglycerols are common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water, which would not otherwise blend well. Dacylglycerols are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections. Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) belongs to the family of Diacylglycerols. These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. DG(14:0/14:0/0:0) is also a substrate of diacylglycerol kinase. It is involved in the phospholipid metabolic pathway.
all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid
all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid, also known as 5,6-epoxy-atRA, is classified as a member of the retinoids. Retinoids are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and a weak acidic compound. all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid is an isoprenoid lipid molecule. all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid can be found primarily in human kidney and liver tissues; and in blood and urine. Within a cell, all-trans-5,6-epoxyretinoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm, in the extracellular space, or near the membrane. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Baldrinal
Baldrinal is an arenecarbaldehyde. Baldrinal is a natural product found in Nardostachys jatamansi, Valeriana officinalis, and other organisms with data available. Baldrinal is derived from the extracts of valerian rhizomes and roots, inhibits autonomic activity, and has anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Galanolactone
Galanolactone is found in ginger. Galanolactone is a constituent of Alpinia galanga (greater galangal) Galanolactone is a diterpenoid lactone first isolated from ginger. It is known to be present in acetone extracts of ginger, and appears to be an antagonist at 5-HT3 receptors. Constituent of Alpinia galanga (greater galangal)
Bluensomycin
C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Procyanidin B5
Isolated from cacao Theobroma cacao. Procyanidin B5 is found in many foods, some of which are medlar, red bell pepper, red raspberry, and apricot. Procyanidin B5 is found in apple. Procyanidin B5 is isolated from cacao Theobroma cacao.
Arcapillin
A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4 and 5 and methoxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 7 respectively.
Acetylatractylodinol
Acetylatractylodinol, isolated from Atractylodes lancea, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. Acetylatractylodinol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Acetylatractylodinol, isolated from Atractylodes lancea, possesses antioxidant activity[1]. Acetylatractylodinol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
2-(2-Aminoethyl)thiazole
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists
Sorbitol-6-phosphate
Sorbitol 6-phosphate (Sor6P) is an intermediate in sorbitol biosynthesis. It is a competitive inhibitor for both cytosolic and chloroplastic PGIs with a K(i) of 61 and 40muM, respectively. PMID: 18242768 [HMDB] Sorbitol 6-phosphate (Sor6P) is an intermediate in sorbitol biosynthesis. It is a competitive inhibitor for both cytosolic and chloroplastic PGIs with a K(i) of 61 and 40muM, respectively. PMID: 18242768.
Leucocyanidin
Leucocyanidin is a leucoanthocyanidin. Leucocyanidin is a natural product found in Euphorbia hirta, Koenigia coriaria, and Cassia roxburghii with data available. Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1]. Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1].
Liquiritigenin
4,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4 and 7. It has a role as a Brassica napus metabolite and a fungal xenobiotic metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a polyphenol and a member of 4-hydroxyflavanones. It is functionally related to a flavanone. 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- is a natural product found in Pterocarpus marsupium, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4 and 7. (±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is isolated from Angelica keiskei, a hardy perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family. (±)-Liquiritigenin promotes cell proliferation, has cytoprotective activity and reduces cytotoxicity, and also has antioxidant stress effects[1]. (±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is isolated from Angelica keiskei, a hardy perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family. (±)-Liquiritigenin promotes cell proliferation, has cytoprotective activity and reduces cytotoxicity, and also has antioxidant stress effects[1].
Acridone
Acridone is a member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9. It is a member of acridines and a cyclic ketone. Acridone is a natural product found in Thamnosma montana with data available. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].
Ribonolactone
Ribonolactone, also known as D-ribono-1,4-lactone is a five-membered form of ribonolactone having D-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a ribonolactone and a butan-4-olide. It derives from a D-ribonic acid. Ribonolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Ribonolactone is a metabolite normally not detectable in human biofluids; however, it has been found in the urine of patients with neuroblastoma. Ribonolactone is a metabolite normally not detectable in human biofluids; however, it has been found in the urine of patients with neuroblastoma. (PMID 699273) [HMDB] D-Ribonolactone is sugar lactone and an inhibitor of β-galactosidase of Escherichia coli with a Ki of 26 mM[1].
Ureidoisobutyric acid
Ureidoisobutyric acid, also known as 3-ureidoisobutyrate or beta-UBA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Ureidoisobutyric acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Ureidoisobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, ureidoisobutyric acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, ureidoisobutyric acid can be biosynthesized from dihydrothymine through its interaction with the enzyme dihydropyrimidinase. Outside of the human body, ureidoisobutyric acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as bread, squashberries, black elderberries, black crowberries, and climbing beans. This could make ureidoisobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Ureidoisobutyric acid is increased in the urine of patients with beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6) deficiency (PMID: 12271438), a genetic disorder. Ureidoisobutyric acid can be used to predict a patients individual phenotypes of enzyme deficiencies in pyrimidine metabolism when associated with a risk for severe toxicity against the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (PMID: 12798197).
Calusterone
Calusterone is an androgenic steroid. Calusterone induce given orally induce a marked decrease (between 30 and 70\\% depending on the dose) in the binding capacity of oestradiol-17beta to specific uterine receptors in vivo. As an androgen, calusterone has been used as a therapeutic agent in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer; the addition of a potent hormonal agent to effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Calusterone is tested in sport screening; fast and sensitive method for the comprehensive screening of anabolic agents and other banned doping substances using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with an external ionization ion trap mass spectrometer have been developed for the parent substances and their metabolites. (PMID: 17610244, 12375280, 153787, 2325376, 12375280) [HMDB] Calusterone is an androgenic steroid. Calusterone induce given orally induce a marked decrease (between 30 and 70\\% depending on the dose) in the binding capacity of oestradiol-17beta to specific uterine receptors in vivo. As an androgen, calusterone has been used as a therapeutic agent in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer; the addition of a potent hormonal agent to effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Calusterone is tested in sport screening; fast and sensitive method for the comprehensive screening of anabolic agents and other banned doping substances using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with an external ionization ion trap mass spectrometer have been developed for the parent substances and their metabolites. (PMID: 17610244, 12375280, 153787, 2325376, 12375280). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D03144
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital
3-Hydroxyhexobarbital is only found in individuals that have used or taken Hexobarbital. 3-Hydroxyhexobarbital is a metabolite of Hexobarbital. 3-hydroxyhexobarbital belongs to the family of Barbituric Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing a perhydropyrimidine ring substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups.
Deforolimus
2-amino-5-(amino-dimethylamino-methylidene)amino-pentanoic acid
N-(3-Chloro-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
Dilacor XR
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
2-[6-Fluoro-2-methyl-3-[(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)methylidene]-1-indenyl]acetic acid
6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic acid
D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids
AP3A-lyophilized
cefuroxime axetil
Ppack
Epicholesterol
1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one
Lipid IVA
Tropine
Pseudotropine, also known as tropine hydrochloride, (endo)-isomer or tropine, (exo)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids are organic compounds containing the nitrogenous bicyclic alkaloid parent N-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Pseudotropine is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pseudotropine can be found in a number of food items such as winter savory, japanese chestnut, blackcurrant, and black walnut, which makes pseudotropine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pseudotropine (3β-tropanol, ψ-tropine, 3-pseudotropanol or PTO) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine . Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].
Leucocyanidin
Leucocyanidin, also known as 3,3,4,4,5,7-flavanhexol or resivit, is a member of the class of compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Thus, leucocyanidin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Leucocyanidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Leucocyanidin can be found in a number of food items such as climbing bean, black mulberry, corn salad, and caraway, which makes leucocyanidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Leucocyanidin is a colorless chemical compound that is a member of the class of natural products known as leucoanthocyanidins . Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1]. Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1].
Tiglic acid
A 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1]. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1].
3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is p-salicylic acid with bromo- substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the benzene ring.
MANDELIC ACID
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds. D-(-)-Mandelic acid is a natural compound isolated from bitter almonds. Mandelic acid ((±)-Mandelic acid), an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, has been widely used as an intermediate of pharmaceutical and fine chemicals. Mandelic acid shows antimicrobial activity and has been used for the research of urinary tract infections and vaginal trichomoniasis. Mandelic acid exhibits high sperm-immobilizing activity and low vaginal irritation[1][2].
2-Hydroxydihydrodaidzein
A hydroxyisoflavanone that is 2,3-dihydrodaidzein with an additonal hydroxy substituent at position 2.
multiflorin B
A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a 6-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.
3,4',7-Trihydroxyflavone
3,7,4-Trihydroxyflavone is a natural product found in Pterocarpus marsupium, Anthyllis vulneraria, and other organisms with data available. 3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is found in chickpea. 3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is isolated from Cicer arietinum (chickpea). Isolated from Cicer arietinum (chickpea). 3,4,7-Trihydroxyflavone is found in chickpea, lentils, and pulses. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1]. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1].
ST 29:3;O
A 3beta-sterol that is methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol carrying an additional 4alpha-methyl substituent. Stigmasta-7,22E,25-trien-3beta-ol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.
Benzyl acetate
The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol. Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1]. Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1].
Oprea1_401356
7-hydroxyflavanone is a monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7. 7-Hydroxyflavanone is a natural product found in Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Berberis dictyota, and other organisms with data available.
5-O-Methylembelin
5-O-methyl embelin is a member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is embelin in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antileishmanial activity as well as inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as a metabolite, a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antileishmanial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an enol ether and a member of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones. It is functionally related to an embelin. 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural product found in Lysimachia punctata, Embelia schimperi, and other organisms with data available. 5-O-Methylembelin is a constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle). Constituent of Myrsine africana (cape myrtle) 5-O-Methylembelin is a natural isocoumarin that inhibits PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDLR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mRNA expression[1].
3-HYDROXYPICOLINIC ACID
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00011.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00010.jpg 3-Hydroxypicolinic acid is a picolinic acid derivative, and belongs to the pyridine family.
thiethylperazine
R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Thiethylperazine, a phenothiazine derivate, is an orally active and potent dopamine D2-receptor and histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Thiethylperazine is also a selective ABCC1activator that reduces amyloid-β (Aβ) load in mice. Thiethylperazine has anti-emetic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial effects[1][2][3].
3,7,4-Trihydroxyflavone
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.962 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.958 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.954 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.955 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1]. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1].
Ergocornine
Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12 position, isopropyl groups at the 2 and 5alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3, 6, and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.024 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.021 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.017
6-Hydroxynicotinic Acid
A monohydroxypyridine that is the 6-hydroxy derivative of nicotinic acid. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Fraxidin
Fraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Fraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia minor, Melilotus messanensis, and other organisms with data available. Fraxidin, also known as 8-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycoumarins. Hydroxycoumarins are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the coumarin skeleton. Fraxidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Fraxidin can be found in durian and watermelon, which makes fraxidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 μg/disk[1][2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].
Altanserin
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist Altanserin can synthesize Fluorine-18 Altanserin. Fluorine-18 Altanserin binds to the brain 5HT2 receptors[1].
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (NSC 15139) is a saturated fatty acid of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Etidocaine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
Crocin III
Beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin is a dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-gentiobiose. It is a dicarboxylic acid monoester, a glycoside and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a crocetin and a gentiobiose. It is a conjugate acid of a beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin(1-). beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides, Apis cerana, and Crocus sativus with data available. A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-gentiobiose.
Fusarenon-X
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014255 - Trichothecenes D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins
2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid
2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
DICLOBUTRAZOL
Pseudotropine
Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].
PENTADECANAL
A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is pentadecane carrying an oxo substituent at position 1. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Solanum erianthum and Cassia siamea.
Nordihydrocapsacin
Nordihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers[1]. Nordihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers[1].
2-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid
A derivative of valeric acid having amino and oxo substituents at the 2- and 4-positions respectively.
Leukotriene F4
A leukotriene composed of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid having (5S)-hydroxy and (6R)-(L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystein-S-yl) substituents.
CoA 7:3
CoA 22:1
All-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate
Erythromycin C
An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents
Pregnanetriol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
β-Estradiol 17-acetate
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones β-Estradiol 17-acetate is a metabolite of estradiol. Target: Others β-Estradiol 17-acetate is a metabolite of estradiol.
3,4,5-Trihydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5.
Methandriol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Bolasterone
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D03144
Acridone
Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1]. Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton. Acridone has antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti neoplastic activities[1].
AI3-01996
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1]. Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple[1].
Streptomycin C
multiflorin
Resivit
Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1]. Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models[1].
CHEBI:16741
Pentanoyl-CoA
Pentanoyl CoA is an acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid, inside living cells. The CoA is then removed from the chain, carrying two carbons from the chain with it, forming acetyl-CoA. This is then used in the citric acid cycle to start a chain of reactions, eventually forming many adenosine triphosphates. To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an Acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <=> Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi has a free energy change near zero. Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible. Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine. Pentanoyl coA is a acyl-CoA with the C-5 Acyl chain.
Blasticidin S
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Didrovaltrat
Didrovaltratum is an iridoid monoterpenoid. Didrovaltrate is a natural product found in Valeriana pulchella, Fedia cornucopiae, and other organisms with data available. See also: Viburnum opulus bark (has part). C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
Docosanedioic_acid
Docosanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is docosane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a docosanedioate(2-). It derives from a hydride of a docosane. Docosanedioic acid is a natural product found in Pinus radiata with data available. An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is docosane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids.
ethotoin
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AB - Hydantoin derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Diphosphoric acid
An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
triclofos
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
Diphacinone
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AA - Vitamin k antagonists C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent
chlorоphentermine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant
MALEIC HYDRAZIDE
D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
sulfometuron-methyl
D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
Nandrolone phenpropionate
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
Phensuximide
N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics > N03AD - Succinimide derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent
Triamcinolone diacetate
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Remikiren
C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09X - Other agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09XA - Renin-inhibitors C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor
4-FLUOROBENZOIC ACID
A fluorobenzoic acid carrying a fluoro substituent at position 4.
7-Dehydrodesmosterol
A 3beta-sterol having the structure of desmosterol with an extra double bond at C-7--C-8.
Deoxycytidine diphosphate
A 2-deoxycytidine phosphate that is the 2- deoxy derivative of cytidine 5-diphosphate (CDP).
Formiminoglutamic acid
The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid
D-Arabinose 5-phosphate
The 5-phospho derivative of D-arabinose. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.
2-(2-Aminoethyl)thiazole
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D017442 - Histamine Agonists
1-Palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate
A monoacylglycerol phosphate having palmitoyl as the acyl group on O-1 and with the phosphate group on O-3.
1D-myo-Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate
A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphate groups placed at the 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-positions.
O-Butanoylcarnitine
A C4-acylcarnitine that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.
4,6-Quinolinediol
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2-Aminoacetaldehyde
An amino aldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.
GDP-4-Keto-6-deoxymannose
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
threo-3-methyl-L-aspartic acid
An aspartic acid derivative having a 3-methyl substituent.
erucoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of erucic acid.
4-[(1Z,3S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dienyl]phenol
L-Serine O-sulfate
A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.
Indole-3-glycerol phosphate
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents The (1S,2R)-diastereomer of 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate.
2-Deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate
The furanose form of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate.
Procyanidin B5
A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 6 in beta-configuration. It can be found in grape seeds, in Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) root and bark, in apple and in cacao.
pentanoyl-CoA
A short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of pentanoic acid.
2-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
Myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate
A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the phosphate groups placed at the 1-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.
4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoic acid
A beta-D-glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Aconitane-7,8,14-triol, 20-ethyl-4-(methoxymethyl)-1,6,16-trimethoxy-, (1-alpha,6-beta,14-alpha,16-beta)-
2-Amino-4-oxo-6-acetyl-7,8-dihydro-3H,9H-pyrimidodiazepine
A member of the class of pyrimidodiazepine 3,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-4-one bearing amino and acetyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 respectively.
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carbaldehyde
2-Hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
A member of the class of nitrotoluenes that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene bearing an additional hydroxylamino substituent at position 2.
[(2S,3R)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyryl]-L-leucine
Dilacor XR
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
S-Methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid
A retinoid obtained by epoxidation across the 5,6-double bond of retinoic acid. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
(9Z)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
A hydroxy fatty acid that is (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic (oleic) acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 12.
OXMETIDINE
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent > C29702 - Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents
Lipoyl-AMP
A purine ribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase and a lipoyl group attached to one of the phosphate OH groups.
Devapamil
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-2-methylamino-4-(3-pyridylmethyl)benzothiazole
2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxaldehyde
Chlorpromazine N-oxide
An organochlorine compound that is chlorpromazine in which the acyclic tertiary amino group has been converted into the corresponding N-oxide.
17beta-Estradiol glucuronide
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
BML1-E10
A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R); it is a major bilary metabolite of cysteinyl leukotrienes.
4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole
2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoic acid
An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is 2,4-heptadienoic acid substituted by hydroxy and oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 respectively.
