Gene Association: MGST3
UniProt Search:
MGST3 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3
found 20 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Octanal
Octanal, also known as 1-caprylaldehyde or aldehyde C-8, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, octanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). Octanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Octanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Octanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. Octanal is commonly found in high concentrations in limes, caraway, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine) and in lower concentrations in wild carrots and carrots. Octanal has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cherry tomato, brussel sprouts, alaska wild rhubarbs, sweet marjorams, and sunflowers. N-octylaldehyde is a colorless liquids with a strong fruity odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Flash points 125 °F. Used in making perfumes and flavorings. Octanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. Octanal is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Thymus zygioides, and other organisms with data available. Octanal is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolated from various plant oils especies Citrus subspeciesand is also present in kumquat peel oil, cardamom, coriander, caraway and other herbs. Flavouring agent, used in artificial citrus formulations A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1]. Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1].
Zafirlukast
Zafirlukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) for the maintenance treatment of asthma, often used in conjunction with an inhaled steroid and/or long-acting bronchodilator. It is available as a tablet and is usually dosed twice daily. Another leukotriene receptor antagonist is montelukast (Singulair), which is usually taken just once daily. Zafirlukast blocks the action of the cysteinyl leukotrienes on the CysLT1 receptors, thus reducing constriction of the airways, build-up of mucus in the lungs and inflammation of the breathing passages. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DC - Leukotriene receptor antagonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D020024 - Leukotriene Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent
Decanal
Decanal, also known as 1-decyl aldehyde or capraldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, decanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Decanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Decanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Decanal is a sweet, aldehydic, and citrus tasting compound. Decanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corianders, dills, and gingers and in a lower concentration in limes, sweet oranges, and safflowers. Decanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as fishes, cauliflowers, citrus, fats and oils, and lemon grass. This could make decanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Decanal is a potentially toxic compound. Decanal, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as uremia, asthma, and perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment; decanal has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Decanal occurs naturally and is used in fragrances and flavoring. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Constituent of Cassia, Neroli and other oils especies citrus peel oilsand is also present in coriander leaf or seed, caviar, roast turkey, roast filbert, green tea, fish oil, hop oil and beer. Flavouring agent Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate. Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate.
Leukotriene C4
Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT), a family of potent inflammatory mediators. Eosinophils, one of the principal cell types recruited to and activated at sites of allergic inflammation, is capable of elaborating lipid mediators, including leukotrienes derived from the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA). Potentially activated eosinophils may elaborate greater quantities of LTC4, than normal eosinophils. These activated eosinophils thus are primed for enhanced LTC4 generation in response to subsequent stimuli. Some recognized priming stimuli are chemoattractants (e.g. eotaxin, PAF) that may participate in the recruitment of eosinophils to sites of allergic inflammation. The mechanisms by which chemoattractants and other activating cytokines (e.g. interleukin (IL)-5) or extracellular matrix components (e.g. fibronectin) enhance eosinophil eicosanoid formation are pertinent to the functions of these eicosanoids as paracrine mediators of allergic inflammation. Some eosinophil-derived eicosanoids may be active in down-regulating inflammation. It is increasingly likely that eicosanoids synthesized within cells, including eosinophils, may have intracellular (e.g. intracrine) roles in regulating cell functions, in addition to the more recognized activities of eicosanoids as paracrine mediators of inflammation. Acting extracellularly, the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) LTC4 and its extracellular derivatives, LTD4 and LTE4 are key paracrine mediators pertinent to asthma and allergic diseases. Based on their receptor-mediated capabilities, they can elicit bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, increased microvascular permeability, and additional eosinophil infiltration. Eosinophils are a major source of CysLTs and have been identified as the principal LTC4 synthase expressing cells in bronchial mucosal biopsies of asthmatic subjects (PMID: 12895596). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Leukotriene c4, also known as ltc4 or 5s,6r-ltc(sub 4), is a member of the class of compounds known as oligopeptides. Oligopeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of between three and ten alpha-amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Thus, leukotriene c4 is considered to be an eicosanoid lipid molecule. Leukotriene c4 is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Leukotriene c4 can be synthesized from icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid. Leukotriene c4 is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, leukotriene C4 methyl ester, 11,12-dihydro-(12R)-hydroxyleukotriene C4, and 11,12-dihydro-12-oxoleukotriene C4. Leukotriene c4 can be found in a number of food items such as gram bean, maitake, caraway, and burbot, which makes leukotriene c4 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Leukotriene c4 can be found primarily in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, leukotriene c4 is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include trisalicylate-choline action pathway, antipyrine action pathway, nepafenac action pathway, and fenoprofen action pathway. Leukotriene c4 is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include leukotriene C4 synthesis deficiency and tiaprofenic acid action pathway. Moreover, leukotriene c4 is found to be associated with eczema. Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a leukotriene. LTC4 has been extensively studied in the context of allergy and asthma. In cells of myeloid origin such as mast cells, its biosynthesis is orchestrated by translocation to the nuclear envelope along with co-localization of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), which couples glutathione to an LTA4 intermediate.The MRP1 transporter then secretes cytosolic LTC4 and cell surface proteases further metabolize it by sequential cleavage of the γ-glutamyl and glycine residues off its glutathione segment, generating the more stable products LTD4 and LTE4. All three leukotrienes then bind at different affinities to two G-protein coupled receptors: CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2, triggering pulmonary vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction .
Heptanal
Heptanal, also known as enanthal or N-heptaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, heptanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. It is a colourless liquid with a strong fruity odor, which is used as precursor to components in perfumes and lubricants. Heptanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heptanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Heptanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. heptanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as corns, tea, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in lemons, wild carrots, and carrots. heptanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as horned melons, common beets, dills, red bell peppers, and malus (crab apple). This could make heptanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The formation of heptanal in the fractional distillation of castor oil was already described in 1878. The large-scale production is based on the pyrolytic cleavage of ricinoleic acid ester (Arkema method) and on the hydroformylation of 1-hexene with rhodium 2-ethylhexanoate as a catalyst upon addition of some 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Oxea method):Heptanal naturally occurs in the essential oils of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), lemon (Citrus x limon), bitter orange (Citrus x aurantium), rose (Rosa) and hyacinth (Hyacinthus). Heptanal is a potentially toxic compound. Heptanal has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohns disease, uremia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also heptanal has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. The compound has a flash point of 39.5 °C. The explosion range is between 1.1\\% by volume as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 5.2\\% by volume as the upper explosion limit. Heptanal or heptanaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde. Full hydrogenation provides the branched primary alcohol 2-pentylnonan-1-ol, also accessible from the Guerbet reaction from heptanol. A by-product of the given reaction is the unpleasant rancid smelling (Z)-2-pentyl-2-nonenal. Heptanal forms flammable vapor-air mixtures. Heptanal is a flammable, slightly volatile colorless liquid of pervasive fruity to oily-greasy odor, which is miscible with alcohols and practically insoluble in water. Heptanal reacts with benzaldehyde in a Knoevenagel reaction under basic catalysis with high yield and selectivity (> 90\\%) to alpha-pentylcinnamaldehyde (also called jasmine aldehyde because of the typical jasmine odor), which is mostly used in many fragrances as a cis/trans isomer mixture. Found in essential oils of ylang-ylang, clary sage, California orange, bitter orange and others. Flavouring agent
Leukotriene A4
Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is the first metabolite in the series of reactions leading to the synthesis of all leukotrienes. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the two-step conversion of arachidonic acid to LTA4.The first step consists of the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), and the second step is the dehydration of 5-HPETE to form LTA4. Leukotriene A4, an unstable epoxide, is hydrolyzed to leukotriene B4 or conjugated with glutathione to yield leukotriene C4 and its metabolites, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. The leukotrienes participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Recent studies also suggest a neuroendocrine role for leukotriene C4 in luteinizing hormone secretion. (PMID: 10591081, 2820055). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is the first metabolite in the series of reactions leading to the synthesis of all leukotrienes. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the two-step conversion of arachidonic acid to LTA4.The first step consists of the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), and the second step is the dehydration of 5-HPETE to form LTA4. Leukotriene A4, an unstable epoxide, is hydrolyzed to leukotriene B4 or conjugated with glutathione to yield leukotriene C4 and its metabolites, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. The leukotrienes participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Recent studies also suggest a neuroendocrine role for leukotriene C4 in luteinizing hormone secretion. (PMID: 10591081, 2820055)
Stearaldehyde
Stearaldehyde or octadecanal is a normal long chain fatty aldehyde that can be found in total lipid extracts of muscle tissue. Stearaldehyde can also be found in the plasma of patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by a deficiency of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). (PMID 14564703, 11408337). Octadecanal is often used as the substrate of choice to test FALDH activity in patients suspected of having Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. [HMDB] Stearaldehyde or octadecanal is a normal long chain fatty aldehyde that can be found in total lipid extracts of muscle tissue. Stearaldehyde can also be found in the plasma of patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by a deficiency of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). (PMID 14564703, 11408337). Octadecanal is often used as the substrate of choice to test FALDH activity in patients suspected of having Sjogren-Larsson syndrome.
1,2-Epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors
Pyricarbate
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396
zafirlukast
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DC - Leukotriene receptor antagonists D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D020024 - Leukotriene Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent
Decanal
A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid). Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate. Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate.
Octanal
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1]. Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells[1].
Leukotriene C4
A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.
Leukotriene A4
A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.
Pyricarbate
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396
2-[(4-Nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxirane
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors
