Gene Association: SHOX
UniProt Search:
SHOX (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: SHOX homeobox
found 13 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Testosterone enanthate
testosterone enanthate is used in androgen substitution to replace testosterone at levels as close to physiological levels as is possible. For some androgen-dependent functions testosterone is a pro-hormone, peripherally converted to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), of which the levels preferably should be within normal physiological ranges. Furthermore, androgens should have a good safety profile without adverse effects on the prostate, serum lipids, liver or respiratory function, and they must be convenient to use and patient-friendly, with a relative independence from medical services. Natural testosterone is viewed as the best androgen for substitution in hypogonadal men. testosterone enanthate is used to treat male hypogonadism. Male hypogonadism is one of the most common endocrinologic syndromes. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation via the measurement of low morning testosterone levels on two different occasions. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels distinguish between primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism. Osteoporosis in male hypogonadism: responses to androgen substitution differ among men with primary and secondary hypogonadism. In primary hypogonadal men the on bone mineral density (BMD) responds dose dependently to testosterone substitution, whereas in secondary hypogonadism only testosterone enanthate treatment significantly increased the BMD. In all mammalian species studied to date, testosterone has been found to be the predominant intratesticular steroid. In volunteers receiving hormonal contraception by using a combination of testosterone enanthate and levonorgestrel, there is a profound reduction of both intratesticular testosterone concentration and androgen bioactivity. High doses of testosterone enanthate can normalize hematocrit values of maintenance hemodialysis patients with replenished bone marrow iron stores. testosterone enanthate is classified as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its use may be detected by way of the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. (PMID: 16185098, 16467270, 15329035, 17530941, 17484401, 4028529, 12792150) [HMDB] Testosterone enanthate is used in androgen substitution to replace testosterone at levels as close to physiological levels as is possible. For some androgen-dependent functions testosterone is a pro-hormone, peripherally converted to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), of which the levels preferably should be within normal physiological ranges. Furthermore, androgens should have a good safety profile without adverse effects on the prostate, serum lipids, liver or respiratory function, and they must be convenient to use and patient-friendly, with a relative independence from medical services. Natural testosterone is viewed as the best androgen for substitution in hypogonadal men. testosterone enanthate is used to treat male hypogonadism. Male hypogonadism is one of the most common endocrinologic syndromes. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation via the measurement of low morning testosterone levels on two different occasions. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels distinguish between primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism. Osteoporosis in male hypogonadism: responses to androgen substitution differ among men with primary and secondary hypogonadism. In primary hypogonadal men the on bone mineral density (BMD) responds dose dependently to testosterone substitution, whereas in secondary hypogonadism only testosterone enanthate treatment significantly increased the BMD. In all mammalian species studied to date, testosterone has been found to be the predominant intratesticular steroid. In volunteers receiving hormonal contraception by using a combination of testosterone enanthate and levonorgestrel, there is a profound reduction of both intratesticular testosterone concentration and androgen bioactivity. High doses of testosterone enanthate can normalize hematocrit values of maintenance hemodialysis patients with replenished bone marrow iron stores. testosterone enanthate is classified as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its use may be detected by way of the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. (PMID: 16185098, 16467270, 15329035, 17530941, 17484401, 4028529, 12792150). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Glucosamine 6-phosphate
Glucosamine 6-phosphate (CAS: 3616-42-0) is normally produced in endothelial cells via de novo glucosamine synthesis by the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase and the modulation of this pathway by hyperglycemia and glutamine. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway for biosynthesis of hexosamines in mammals.It is a member of the N-terminal nucleophile class of amidotransferases, GFAT transfers the amino group from the L-glutamine amide to D-fructose 6-phosphate, producing glutamic acid and glucosamine 6-phosphate. As glucosamine inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthesis it has important implications for impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (PMID:11270676, 11842094). Glucosamine 6-phosphate is normally produced in endothelial cells via the de novo glucosamine synthesis by the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase and the modulation of this pathway by hyperglycemia and glutamine. glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway for biosynthesis of hexosamines in mammals. A member of the N-terminal nucleophile class of amidotransferases, GFAT transfers the amino group from the L-glutamine amide to D-fructose 6-phosphate, producing glutamic acid and glucosamine 6-phosphate. As glucosamine inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthesis it has important implications for impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. (PMID 11270676, 11842094) [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID G021; [MS2] KO008968 KEIO_ID G021
HOMATROPINE
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics Annotation level-1
Phytanate
Phytanic acid (or 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid that humans can obtain through the consumption of dairy products, ruminant animal fats, and certain fish. It is primarily formed by bacterial degradation of chlorophyll in the intestinal tract of ruminants. Unlike most fatty acids, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation (because of a methyl group in the beta position). Instead, it undergoes alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome, where it is converted into pristanic acid by the removal of one carbon. Pristanic acid can undergo several rounds of beta-oxidation in the peroxisome to form medium-chain fatty acids that can be converted into carbon dioxide and water in mitochondria. Refsum disease, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the PHYH gene, is characterized by having impaired alpha-oxidation activity. Individuals with Refsum disease accumulate large stores of phytanic acid in their blood and tissues. This frequently leads to peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, and hearing loss. Therefore, chronically high levels of phytanic acid can be neurotoxic. Phytanic acids neurotoxicity appears to lie in its ability to initiate astrocyte/neural cell death by activating the mitochondrial route of apoptosis. In particular, phytanic acid can induce the substantial generation of reactive oxygen species in isolated mitochondria as well as in intact cells. It also induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid, Phytanic acid is present in animal (primarily herbivores or omnivores) tissues where it may be derived from the chlorophyll in consumed plant material. Phytanic acid derives from the corresponding alcohol, phytol, and is ultimately oxidized into pristanic acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (Refsum disease) this lipid may comprise as much as 30\\% of the total fatty acids in plasma. These high levels in Refsum disease (a neurological disorder) are due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.; A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (Refsum disease) this lipid may comprise as much as 30\\% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. [HMDB]
Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. [PubChem]Oxandrolones interact with androgen receptors in target tissues. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors
3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid
3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid is an isomer of Phytanic acid, an unusual 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid; Phytanic acid accumulates in blood and tissues of patients with Refsum disease (RD, an inborn error of lipid metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (OMIM 266500)), and is a reliable identifier of RD from a large number of other neurological disorders. Phytanic acid also accumulates in a number of other disorders with a very different clinical course: disorders of peroxisome biogenesis (Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510)) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1 (OMIM 215100). Phytanic acid is a 3-methyl fatty acid that cannot be beta-oxidized directly, and first undergoes an alpha-oxidation a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, which is deficient in RD, the only true disorder of phytanic acid alpha-oxidation. (The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease).
PHYTANIC ACID
A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.
ST 26:3;O3
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Oxandrolone
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Testosterone Enanthate
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
NPPB
D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors
