Gene Association: DHRS9
UniProt Search:
DHRS9 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: dehydrogenase/reductase 9
found 129 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Fusidic Acid
Fusidic acid is a steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. It has a role as a protein synthesis inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, an 11alpha-hydroxy steroid, a sterol ester, a steroid acid, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a steroid antibiotic. It is a conjugate acid of a fusidate. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-cholestane. An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis. It is often used topically in creams and eyedrops but is available in systemic formulations including tablets and injections. Fusidic acid is a natural product found in Epidermophyton floccosum, Stilbella aciculosa, and other organisms with data available. Fusidic Acid is a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum and used as a topical medication to treat skin infections. Fusidic acid acts as a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on gram-positive bacteria. An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis. See also: Fusidate Sodium (active moiety of). Fusidic Acid is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.Fusidic acid works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis, specifically by preventing the translocation of the elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. It also can inhibit chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzymes. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01X - Other antibacterials > J01XC - Steroid antibacterials D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Fusidic acid (Fusidate) a bacteriostatic antibiotic produced from the Fusidium coccineum fungus, belongs to the class of steroids. Fusidic acid has no corticosteroid effects. Fusidic acid inhibits the growth of bacteria by preventing the release of translation elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome[1][2].
Taurochenodesoxycholic acid
Taurochenodesoxycholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurochenodesoxycholic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite. Taurochenodesoxycholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a taurochenodeoxycholate. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is an experimental drug that is normally produced in the liver. Its physiologic function is to emulsify lipids such as cholesterol in the bile. As a medication, taurochenodeoxycholic acid reduces cholesterol formation in the liver, and is likely used as a choleretic to increase the volume of bile secretion from the liver and as a cholagogue to increase bile discharge into the duodenum. It is also being investigated for its role in inflammation and cancer therapy. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Homo sapiens with data available. A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=516-35-8 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 516-35-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties[1][2].
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid is a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a chenodeoxycholate. Chenodeoxycholic acid (or Chenodiol) is an epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid (DB01586). Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones. It can also reduce the amount of other bile acids that can be harmful to liver cells when levels are elevated. Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) is a primary bile acid, synthesized in the liver and present in high concentrations in bile that is used therapeutically to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. Chronic therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in up to 30\\\\\% of patients, but chenodiol has been linked to only rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Ganoderma lucidum and Homo sapiens with data available. A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Chenodeoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-25-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-25-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Monuron
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7858; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7856 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7925 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3857; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3854 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7898 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3846; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3844 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7885; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3866 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7933; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7931 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3857 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3877; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3875 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 446; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3861
Androstenedione
Androst-4-en-3,17-dione, also known as androstenedione or delta(4)-androsten-3,17-dione, belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Androst-4-en-3,17-dione can be found in a number of food items such as naranjilla, purslane, common cabbage, and oval-leaf huckleberry, which makes androst-4-en-3,17-dione a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include androgen and estrogen metabolism and androstenedione metabolism. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency and aromatase deficiency. Moreover, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is found to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid cancer , cushings Syndrome, and schizophrenia. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Androstenedione is a delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced not only in the testis, but also in the ovary and the adrenal cortex. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to testosterone as well as estrone and estradiol. It is the common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is further converted to either testosterone or estrone. The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by ACTH, while the production of gonadal androstenedione is under control by gonadotropins. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9081; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9076 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9111; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9108 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9069; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9064 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9113; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9112 C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2803 INTERNAL_ID 2803; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4165
Cholestenone
Cholestenone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, cholestenone is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Cholestenone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Cholestenone is a dehydrocholestanone. It is a product of cholesterol oxidase {EC 1.1.3.6] in the Bile acid biosynthesis pathway (KEGG). [HMDB] Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2]. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2].
Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone is a derivative of cholesterol, the product of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (EC 1.14.15.6, CYP11A1. This reaction consists of three consecutive monooxygenations, a 22-hydroxylation, a 20-hydroxylation, and the cleavage of the C20-C22 bond, yielding pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is the precursor to gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. This reaction occurs in steroid hormone-producing tissues such as the adrenal cortex, corpus luteum, and placenta. The most notable difference between the placenta and other steroidogenic tissues is that electron supply to CYP11A1 limits the rate at which cholesterol is converted into pregnenolone in the placenta. The limiting component for electron delivery to CYP11A1 is the concentration of adrenodoxin reductase in the mitochondrial matrix which is insufficient to maintain the adrenodoxin pool in a fully reduced state. Pregnenolone is also a neurosteroid, and is produced in the spinal cord; CYP11A1 is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroids, and has been localized in sensory networks of the spinal cord dorsal horn. In the adrenal glomerulosa cell, angiotensin II, one of the major physiological regulators of mineralocorticoid synthesis, appears to affect most of the cholesterol transfer to the mitochondrial outer membrane and many steps in the transport to the inner membrane. Thus, it exerts a powerful control over the use of cholesterol for aldosterone production (PMID: 17222962, 15823613, 16632873, 15134809). C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3]. Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3].
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid from the androstane class of steroids. It is the most important androgen in potency and quantity for vertebrates. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis. Testosterone exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. In mammals, testosterone is metabolized mainly in the liver. Approximately 50\\% of testosterone is metabolized via conjugation into testosterone glucuronide and to a lesser extent testosterone sulfate by glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. An additional 40\\% of testosterone is metabolized in equal proportions into the 17-ketosteroids androsterone and etiocholanolone via the combined actions of 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases, 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17beta-HSD. Like other steroid hormones, testosterone is derived from cholesterol. The first step in the biosynthesis of testosterone involves the oxidative cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1) to give pregnenolone. In the next step, two additional carbon atoms are removed by the CYP17A1 (17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) enzyme to yield a variety of C19 steroids. In addition, the 3beta-hydroxyl group is oxidized by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to produce androstenedione. In the final and rate limiting step, the C17 keto group androstenedione is reduced by 17beta-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase to yield testosterone. Testosterone is synthesized and released by the Leydig cells in the testes that lie between the tubules and comprise less than 5\\% of the total testicular volume. Testosterone diffuses into the seminiferous tubules where it is essential for maintaining spermatogenesis. Some testosterone binds to an androgen-binding protein (ABP) that is produced by the Sertoli cells and is homologous to the sex-hormone binding globulin that transports testosterone in the general circulation. The ABP carries testosterone in the testicular fluid where it maintains the activity of the accessory sex glands and may also help to retain testosterone within the tubule and bind excess free hormone. Some testosterone is converted to estradiol by Sertoli cell-derived aromatase enzyme. Leydig cell steroidogenesis is controlled primarily by luteinizing hormone with negative feedback of testosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The requirement of spermatogenesis for high local concentrations of testosterone means that loss of androgen production is likely to be accompanied by loss of spermatogenesis. Indeed, if testicular androgen production is inhibited by the administration of exogenous androgens then spermatogenesis ceases. This is the basis of using exogenous testosterone as a male contraceptive. The largest amounts of testosterone (>95\\%) are produced by the testes in men, while the adrenal glands account for most of the remainder. Testosterone is also synthesized in far smaller total quantities in women by the adrenal glands, thecal cells of the ovaries, and, during pregnancy, by the placenta. Testosterone levels fall by about 1\\% each year in men. Therefore, with increasing longevity and the aging of the population, the number of older men with testosterone deficiency will increase substantially over the next several decades. Serum testosterone levels decrease progressively in aging men, but the rate and magnitude of decrease vary considerably. Approximately 1\\% of healthy young men have total serum testosterone levels below normal; in contrast, approximately 20\\% of healthy men over age 60 years have serum testosterone levels below normal. (PMID: 17904450, 17875487). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
6-Chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7123; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7121
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7114; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7112
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7136; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7132
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7125
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7139; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7137
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7129; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7127
6-Chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine is a major soil metabolite of Atrazine
Estrone
Estrone is a major mammalian estrogen. The conversion of the natural C19 steroids, testosterone and androstenedione into estrone is dependent on a complex key reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1, unspecific monooxygenase), which is expressed in many tissues of the adult human (e.g. ovary, fat tissue), but not in the liver. The ovaries after menopause continue to produce androstenedione and testosterone in significant amounts and these androgens are converted in fat, muscle, and skin into estrone. When women between the ages of 45 and 64 years have prophylactic oophorectomy (when hysterectomy is performed for benign disease to prevent the development of ovarian cancer), evidence suggests that oophorectomy increases the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and osteoporosis. Whereas 14,000 women die of ovarian cancer every year nearly 490,000 women die of heart disease and 48,000 women die within 1 year after hip fracture. Therefore, the decision to perform prophylactic oophorectomy should be approached with great caution for the majority of women who are at low risk of developing ovarian cancer. Steroid sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.2, STS) hydrolyzes steroid sulfates, such as estrone sulfate to estrone which can be converted to steroids with potent estrogenic properties, that is, estradiol; STS activity is much higher in breast tumors and high levels of STS mRNA expression in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis. The biological roles of estrogens in tumorigenesis are certainly different between the endometrium and breast, although both are considered "estrogen-dependent tissues". 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.62, 17-HSDs) are enzymes involved in the formation of active sex steroids. estrone is interconverted by two enzymes 17-HSD types. Type 1 converts estrone to estradiol and Type 2 catalyzes the reverse reaction. (PMID: 17653961, 17513923, 17470679, 17464097). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8903; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8901 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4817; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4815 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4834; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4832 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4774; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4772 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4796; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4794 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4804; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4803 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8970; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8969 A trace constituent of plant tissues, e.g. seeds of date (Phoenix dactylifera) and pomegranate (Punica granatum). Estrone is found in many foods, some of which are cauliflower, sweet rowanberry, carrot, and coconut. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2391 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2]. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2].
Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Phenolphthalein
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins
(S,E)-Zearalenone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4903; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4902 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4907; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4903 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4913 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4892; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4888 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4889; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4888 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4992; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4988 Fungal metabolite of Fusarium subspecies and of Gibberella zeae. Potential food mycotoxin. Has weak estrogenic activity and causes physiol. changes when ingested by animals as foodstuffs contaminant. (S,E)-Zearalenone is found in corn. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2248 cis-Zearalenone is a metabolite of Fusarium species. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts[1][2]. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts[1][2].
Androsterone
Androsterone is an inactive breakdown metabolite of testosterone, the product of a reaction mediated by the enzyme oxidative 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51, 17beta-HSD). Androsterone can also be metabolized from other adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or androstenedione, and is considered an inactive end product. However, it can be a physiological effector in its own right. Androsterone might be converted back to dihydrotestosterone. Humans (and other primates) are unique among mammals in having high levels of circulating androsterone glucuronide, a process that is the major role of uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (EC 2.4.1.17, UGT) for glucuronidation of steroid metabolism in humans. Conjugation of androsterone is a pathway found in all vertebrates and it is widely recognized that the liver is a major site of glucuronidation. However, it is now clear that extrahepatic tissues are also involved in the conjugation of compounds to which these tissues are exposed. High levels of androsterone glucuronide found in the human prostate, breast cyst fluid, and ovary follicular fluid suggest that glucuronidation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids occurs in these tissues as well. In doping control, the ratio of androsterone/etiocholanolone provides valuable information that allows the assignment of a urine specimen to a particular person or the identification of urine samples with identical steroid profiles; this is particularly important to detect attempts of urine manipulation including urine alteration and substitution (PMID: 9188497, 17017935, 14643063, 12943709, 9699884, 17260133). Androsterone is an inactive breakdown metabolite of testosterone, the product of a reaction mediated by the enzyme oxidative 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51, 17beta-HSD). Androsterone is also can be metabolized from other adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone or androstenedione, and is considered an inactive end product; however, it can be a physiological effector in its own right. Androsterone might be converted back to dihydrotestosterone. Humans (and other primates) are unique among mammals in having high levels of circulating androsterone glucuronide, a process that is the major role uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17, UGT) enzymes for glucuronidation of steroid metabolism in humans. Conjugation of androsterone is a pathway found in all vertebrates and is widely recognized that the liver is a major site of glucuronidation; however it is now clear that extrahepatic tissues are also involved in the conjugation of compounds to which these tissues are exposed. High levels of androsterone glucuronide found in the human prostate, breast cyst fluid and ovary follicular fluid suggest that glucuronidation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids occurs in these tissues as well. In doping control, the ratio of androsterone/etiocholanone provides valuable information that allows the assignment of a urine specimen to a particular person or the identification of urine samples with identical steroid profiles; this is particularly important to detect attempts of urine manipulation including urine alteration and substitution. (PMID: 9188497, 17017935, 14643063, 12943709, 9699884, 17260133) [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2804 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4166
Pregnanetriol
Pregnanetriol is a metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROTESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROTESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
17-Hydroxyprogesterone
17-Hydroxyprogesterone also known as 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP), or hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), is an endogenous progestogen steroid hormone related to progesterone. Formally it is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is found in all vertebrates. It is a chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of many endogenous steroids, including androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and neurosteroids. In particular, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadal steroid hormones. It is derived from progesterone via the enzyme known as 17-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme also known as CYP17A1. It can also be biosynthesized from 17-hydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-4 isomerase (PMID: 1955079). 17-OHP is an agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR). It is also an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as well as a partial agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is a natural progestin and in pregnancy it increases in the third trimester primarily due to fetal adrenal production. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is primarily produced in the adrenal glands and to some degree in the gonads, specifically the corpus luteum of the ovary. Normal levels are 3-90 ng/dl in children, and in women, 15-70 ng/dl prior to ovulation, and 35-290 ng/dl during the luteal phase. Measurements of levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone are useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia as the typical enzymes that are defective, namely 21-hydroxylase, lead to a build-up of 17-OHP. 17-OHP levels can also be used to measure contribution of progestational activity of the corpus luteum during pregnancy as progesterone but not 17-OHP is also contributed by the placenta. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadal steroid hormones. It is derived from progesterone via 17-hydroxylase, a P450c17 enzyme, or from 17-hydroxypregnenolone via 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is a natural progestin and in pregnancy increases in the third trimester primarily due to fetal adrenal production. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9336; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9331 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9427; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9384 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9370 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9334; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9329 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1144; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9378; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9376 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-Hydroxyprogesterone) is an endogenous progesterone that serves as a chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of other steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.
20alpha-Dihydroprogesterone
20alpha-Dihydroprogesterone is a biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of progesterone. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the corpus luteum and the placenta. Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation), and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen (Wikipedia). During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labour. In addition, progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production (Wikipedia). A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of progesterone. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the corpus luteum and the placenta. -- Pubchem; Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. -- Wikipedia; During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins
5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione
5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is a biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma progesterone. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) receptor. A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma progesterone. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) receptor. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.
3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol
3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol is one of the tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is responsible for the interconversion of both the hormonally inactive cortisone and the active cortisol, which has implications in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, as reflected in the ratio of tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. (PMID: 16310418). The daily excretion of allotetrahydrocortisol is above normal in hyperthyroid patients; In contrast, in hyperthyroidism the excretion is diminished below normal levels to approximately half that of normal subjects. (PMID 13906284). A decreased activity of the enzyme 11beta-HSD produces a pattern of urinary steroid metabolites with an abnormal elevation of tetrahydrocortisol and allo-tetrahydrocortisol compared to tetrahydrocortisone; this pattern of steroid excretion is essential for the diagnosis of the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess type 1. (PMID: 8834992). 3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol is one of the tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is responsible for the interconversion of both the hormonally inactive cortisone and the active cortisol, which has implications in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, as reflected in the ratio of tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. (PMID: 16310418) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisol is cortisol metabolite. The urinary Tetrahydrocortisol/Tetrahydrocortisone ratio decreases with increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) activity[1][2].
3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane
The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. [HMDB] The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.
Ketopantolactone
2-dehydropantolactone is a tetrahydrofurandione. It is functionally related to a pantoic acid. 2-Dehydropantolactone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ketopantolactone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13031-04-4 (retrieved 2024-10-30) (CAS RN: 13031-04-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Adenosine 2'-phosphate
Adenosine 2-phosphate is converted enzymatically from adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37). In the brain, this enzyme acts on 2,3-cyclic AMP more rapidly than on the UMP or CMP derivatives. In the liver, this enzyme acts on 2,3-cyclic CMP more rapidly than on the purine derivatives; it also hydrolyses the corresponding 3,5-cyclic phosphates, more slowly. This latter enzyme has been called cyclic-CMP phosphodiesterase. (KEGG). This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is nucleoside-2,3-cyclic-phosphate 2-nucleotidohydrolase. (Wikipedia). Adenosine 2-phosphate is converted enzymatically from adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37). In the brain, this enzyme acts on 2,3-cyclic AMP more rapidly than on the UMP or CMP derivatives. In the liver, this enzyme acts on 2,3-cyclic CMP more rapidly than on the purine derivatives; it also hydrolyses the corresponding 3,5-cyclic phosphates, more slowly. This latter enzyme has been called cyclic-CMP phosphodiesterase. (KEGG) Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2]. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2]. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2].
Lithocholic acid
Lithocholic acid, also known as 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid or LCA, is a secondary bile acid. It is formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, lithocholic acid can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that when present at chronically high levels promotes tumour growth and survival. Chronically high levels of lithocholic acid are associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764). Dietary fibre can bind to lithocholic acid and aid in its excretion in stool. As such, fibre can protect against colon cancer. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5396; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5394 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5368 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5384 A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
9,10-Phenanthrenequinone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 19 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Paeonilactone B
Epi-coprostanol
Epi-coprostanol, also known as epicholestanol or presteron, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, epi-coprostanol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Epi-coprostanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Epi-coprostanol is a 27 carbon stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. It is a breakdown product of 5b-coprastanol and can be found in treated sewage. It is considered to be an antioxidant and is a major constituent of ambergris. [HMDB] Same as: D01527
5β-cholanoic acid
D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids 5β-Cholanic acid can be used for 5β-Cholanic acid derivatives synthesis[1].
Androstanedione
Androstanedione belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, androstanedione is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Androstanedione is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Androstanedione is a steroid metabolite and a procursor of both testosterone and estrone. It is a product of enzyme 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.50] in pathway Androgen and estrogen metabolism (KEGG). [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
5alpha-Cholestane
5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato. Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. (Wikipedia). Cholestane is a saturated 27-carbon steroid precursor which serves as the basis for many organic molecules. 5alpha-Cholestane is found in potato.
alpha-Zearalenol
Alpha-zearlenol is a nonsteroidal estrogen or mycoestrogen found in fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus including F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. crookwellense, etc (PMID: 22095651), As a mycotoxin, alpha-zearalenol is a widely distributed compound that contaminates many crops, grains, and other commodities (PMID: 30830360). Alpha-zearalenol, is also a major hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (another mycotoxin). Zearalenone has two metabolites, alpha and beta zearalenol which are produced in the liver by 3α-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase and 3β-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase (PMID: 30830360). Like Alpha-zearlenol, zearalenone or F-2 mycotoxin is produced by certain Fusarium species. It causes infertility, abortion and other breeding problems in swine. Alpha-zearlenol is also produced synthetically and sold as Zeranol, which is used as an anabolic agent for cattle. Alpha-zearlenol exhibits strong growth-promoting properties, but its sale is restricted in Europe (PMID: 22095651). Alpha-zearalenol has three to four times the biological activity of zearalenone. Alpha-zearlenol contains a lactone ring in its structure and is structurally analogous to estrogen, thus it can bind to estrogen receptors, and causes hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on different animal species (PMID: 17045381).
Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor. A potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BB - 5-androstanon (3) derivatives A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
11beta-OHA4
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2829 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor. As 4-androstenedione increases, measuring plasma 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione can distinguish the adrenal or ovarian origin of hyperandrogenism[1][2].
Prostaglandin B2
Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 16986207). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 16986207)
Indanone
Indanone is part of the Steroid hormone biosynthesis, and Arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. It is a substrate for: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1, and Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3. D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
CYCLOHEXANOL
Cyclohexanol, also known as hexahydrophenol or hexalin, is a member of the class of compounds known as cyclohexanols. Cyclohexanols are compounds containing an alcohol group attached to a cyclohexane ring. Cyclohexanol is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclohexanol is a camphor, menthol, and phenol tasting compound found in garden tomato (variety), okra, and sweet basil, which makes cyclohexanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyclohexanol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CHOH. The molecule is related to cyclohexane ring by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon .
Hexanal
Hexanal is an alkyl aldehyde found in human biofluids. Human milk samples collected from women contains hexanal. Among mediators of oxidative stress, highly reactive secondary aldehydic lipid peroxidation products can initiate the processes of spontaneous mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and can also act as a growth-regulating factors and signaling molecules. In specimens obtained from adult patients with brain astrocytomas, lower levels of n-hexanal are associated with poorer patient prognosis. Hexanal has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821). Hexanal is a volatile compound that has been associated with the development of undesirable flavours. The content of hexanal, which is a major breakdown product of linoleic acid (LA, n - 6 PUFA) oxidation, has been used to follow the course of lipid oxidation and off-flavour development in foods, and have been proposed as one potential marker of milk quality. A "cardboard-like" off-flavour is frequently associated with dehydrated milk products. This effect is highly correlated with the headspace concentration of hexanal. (Food Chemistry. Volume 107, Issue 1, 1 March 2008, Pages 558-569, PMID:17934948, 17487452). Constituent of many foodstuffs. A production of aerobic enzymatic transformations of plant constits. It is used in fruit flavours and in perfumery D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Propylene glycol
Propylene glycol (CAS: 57-55-6), also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odourless, and colourless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. It is manufactured by the hydration of propylene oxide. Propylene glycol is used as a solvent for intravenous, oral, and topical pharmaceutical preparations It is generally considered safe. However, in large doses, it can be toxic, especially if given over a short period of time. Intravenous lorazepam contains the largest amount of propylene glycol of commonly used drugs. In adults with normal liver and kidney function, the terminal half-life of propylene glycol ranges from 1.4 to 3.3 hours. Propylene glycol is metabolized by the liver to form lactate, acetate, and pyruvate. The nonmetabolized drug is excreted in the urine mainly as the glucuronide conjugate, approximately 12 to 45 percent is excreted unchanged in urine. Renal clearance decreases as the dose administered increases (390 ml/minute/173 m2 at a dose of 5 g/day but only 144 ml/minute/173 m2 at a dose of 21 g/day). These data suggest that renal clearance declines at higher propylene glycol doses because of the saturation of proximal tubular secretion of the drug. As an acceptable level of propylene glycol has not been defined, the clinical implication of a propylene glycol level is unclear. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum consumption of 25 mg/kg/day (1.8 g/day for a 75 kg male) of propylene glycol when used as a food additive, but this limit does not address its use as a drug solvent. No maximum dose is recommended in the literature for intravenous therapy with propylene glycol. Intoxication occurs at much higher doses than the WHO dose limit and is exclusive to pharmacologic exposure. Propylene glycol toxicity includes the development of serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and kidney failure. It has been suggested that proximal tubular necrosis is the cause of acute kidney injury from propylene glycol. Along these lines, proximal tubular cell injury occurs in cultured human cells exposed to propylene glycol. Acute tubular necrosis was described with propylene glycol toxicity in a case of concomitant administration of intravenous lorazepam and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Propylene glycol induced intoxication can also mimic sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Patients suspected of having sepsis with negative cultures should be evaluated for propylene glycol toxicity if they have been exposed to high dose lorazepam or other medications containing this solvent (PMID:17555487). Propylene glycol is an anticaking agent, antioxidant, dough strengthener, emulsifier, flavouring agent, formulation aid, humectant, solvent, preservative, stabiliser, hog/poultry scald agent, and surface active agent. It is found in foods such as roasted sesame seeds, oats, truffle and other mushrooms. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1]. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1].
2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal
Farnesal, also known as (2e,6e)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal or 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, farnesal is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Farnesal is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Farnesal is a floral and minty tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as bamboo shoots, dandelion, italian sweet red pepper, and chicory roots, which makes farnesal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. This compound belongs to the family of Sesquiterpenes. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.
Androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol
5-Androstenediol is a direct metabolite of the most abundant steroid produced by the human adrenal cortex, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 5-Androstenediol is less androgenic than 4-androstenediol, and stimulates the immune system. When administered to rats in vivo, 5-androstenediol has approximately 1/70 the androgenicity of DHEA, 1/185 the androgenicity of androstenedione, and 1/475 the androgenicity of testosterone (Wikipedia). Because it induces production of white blood cells and platelets, 5-androstenediol is being developed as a radiation countermeasure as Neumune (HE2100). An intermediate in testosterone biosynthesis, found in the testis or the adrenal glands. 5-Androstenediol, derived from dehydroepiandrosterone by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), is converted to testosterone by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-fydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Androstenediol is a term used to refer to two different steroids with molecular weights of 290.44: 4-androstenediol (4-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol) and 5-androstenediol (5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol). 4-Androstenediol is closer to testosterone structurally, and has androgenic effects. 5-Androstenediol is a direct metabolite of the most abundant steroid produced by the human adrenal cortex, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 5-Androstenediol is less androgenic than 4-androstenediol, and stimulates the immune system. When administered to rats in vivo, 5-androstenediol has approximately 1/70 the androgenicity of DHEA, 1/185 the androgenicity of androstenedione, and 1/475 the androgenicity of testosterone (Coffey, 1988). Because it induces production of white blood cells and platelets, 5-androstenediol is being developed as a radiation countermeasure as Neumune(HE2100). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one
17 alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, also known as 17,20 alpha-OHP or 20alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a steroid hormone that is elevated in late pregnancy. In particular, the concentration of plasma 17,20 alpha-OHP is significantly increased during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the increment continues to increase through labour and delivery (PMID:6874891). 17,20 alpha-OHP is known to be a substrate for the enzyme 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or 20alpha-HSD (EC 1.1.1.149). This enzyme catalyzes the following chemical reaction: 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)+ = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H+. This enzyme is actively involved in the control of progesterone homeostasis in the pregnancy of mammals. While 20alpha-HSD expression and activity is downregulated in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, 24 hours prior to parturition, ovarian 20alpha-HSD activity is acutely stimulated. 17,20 alpha-OHP is a biologically weaker progestin. Progestin facilitates estrogen induction of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. It is known that 17,20 alpha-OHP is increased at midcycle but its importance in regulating LH has not been studied. However, periovulatory levels of 17,20 alpha-OHP do not play a role in modulating the estrogen-induced bioactive LH surge (PMID:2245841). 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha, 20 alpha-OHP) is a steroid hormone that is elevated in late pregnancy. In particular, the concentration of plasma 17,20 alpha-OHP is significantly increased during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the increment continues to increase through labor and delivery (PMID: 6874891). 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one is known to be a substrate for the enzyme 20a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or 20alpha-HSD (EC 1.1.1.149). This enzyme catalyzes the chemical reaction: 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)+ = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H+. This enzyme is actively involved in the control of progesterone homeostasis in pregnancy of mammals. While 20alpha-HSD expression and activity is downregulated in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, 24 hrs prior to parturition ovarian 20alpha-HSD activity is acutely stimulated. [HMDB]
Dihydrocortisol
Dihydrocortisol is the product of the enzyme steroid 5-beta-reductase (EC 1.3.1.3), which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. A deficiency in this enzyme is associated with a congenital defect in bile acid synthesis (OMIM: 235555). Dihydrocortisol is the substrate of the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.225, 1.1.1.213, 1.3.1.20, 1.1.1.50), and is an intermediate in bile acid biosynthesis, C21-steroid hormone metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG). Dihydrocortisol is the product of the enzyme Steroid 5-beta-reductase [EC 1.3.1.3], which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. A deficiency in this enzyme is associated with congenital defect in bile acid synthesis. (OMIM 235555) 5β-Dihydrocortisol, a metabolite of Cortisol, is a potential mineralocorticoid. 5β-Dihydrocortisol can potentiate glucocorticoid activity in raising the intraocular pressure. 5β-Dihydrocortisol causes breast cancer cell apoptosis[1][2][3][4][5].
dihydrocorticosterone
Pregnanediol
Pregnanediol is an endogenous human testosterone metabolite. It can be detected in the urine of adults and newborns in variable concentrations. Pregnanediol is abnormally elevated in patients with cytochrome P450 (P450C17, steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) oxidoreductase deficiency (Antley-Bixler syndrome, PORD, OMIM: 201750). Antley-Bixler syndrome is a multiple congenital malformation syndrome with craniosynostosis, radiohumeral synostosis, femoral bowing, choanal atresia or stenosis, joint contractures, urogenital abnormalities, and often early death. An assay of urinary pregnanediol excretion provides an accurate indication of outcome in threatened miscarriage in 74 - 93\\\% percent of cases. Pregnanediol is one of the most important markers of pregnenolone administration, which can potentially be abused by athletes to maintain an equilibration of the steroidal environment after sex steroids administrations. Patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis have significantly lower levels of urinary pregnanediol (PMID: 126703, 16608896, 16906539, 1191599, 2905284, 15763596, 10360427, 11159778, 16687200). Pregnanediol excretion is low in women with suspected placental insufficiency and in women with uterine fibroma. Pregnanediol levels can change in endocrine disturbances such as hirsutism or Cushings syndrome, depending on the stage of the disease. Pregnanediol has been tried as a more reliable compound to measure in screening of urinary steroids when suspecting doping, due to its not significant isotopic fractionation that could lead to false positive results in anti-doping testing. 13C-Enrichment caused by a diet change might be a reason of concern in athletes that move around between places and might have a considerable change of diet between competitions. In contrast to the results obtained with the carbon isotopic ratio, the profiling of urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratios is found to be unaffected by a diet change (PMID: 16338181, 5172227, 13636945, 14440289). Pregnanediol is an endogenous human testosterone metabolite. It can be detected in adults and newborns urine in variable concentrations. Pregnanediol is abnormally elevated in patients with cytochrome P450 (P450C17, steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) oxidoreductase deficiency (Antley-Bixler syndrome, PORD, OMIM 201750). Antley-Bixler syndrome is a multiple congenital malformation syndrome with craniosynostosis, radiohumeral synostosis, femoral bowing, choanal atresia or stenosis, joint contractures, urogenital abnormalities and, often, early death. An assay of urinary pregnanediol excretion provides an accurate indication of outcome in threatened abortion in 74 - 93\\\% per cent of cases. Pregnanediol is one of the most important markers of pregnenolone administration, which can potentially be abused by athletes to maintain an equilibration of the steroidal environment after sex steroids administrations. Patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis have significantly lower levels of urinary pregnanediol. (PMID: 126703, 16608896, 16906539, 1191599, 2905284, 15763596, 10360427, 11159778, 16687200) [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Pregnanediol is the major metabolite of progesterone and can be excreted via urine. Pregnanediol offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in vivo[1].
Aminoglutethimide
An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of medical adrenalectomy by blocking the production of adrenal steroids. It also blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide has been used in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancer. It was formerly used for its weak anticonvulsant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p454) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3385; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3383 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7125 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7145; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7141 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3404; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3402 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3400; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3398 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7086; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7084 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7154; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7153 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3387; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3385 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3387 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7094; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7091 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3376; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3375 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7142; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7138 L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BG - Aromatase inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D047072 - Aromatase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2355 - Anti-Adrenal C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Indican
Indican is a colourless, water-soluble organic compound consisting of an indole ring conjugated to glucose. It is an indole glycoside. Its hydrolysis yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indoles are compounds which consist of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. The oxidation of indican by a mild oxidizing agent, e.g. atmospheric oxygen or CYP450 enzymes, yields indigo dye which is blue in colour. Indican is a substance occurring naturally in the urine of humans and mammals and also in blood plasma as a normal metabolite of tryptophan. Tryptophan is first converted to indole by gut bacteria. Following absorption from the gut, indole is converted to 3-hydroxyindole (indoxyl or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucoronic acid through normal xenobiotic metabolism pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion. In individuals affected by the blue diaper syndrome (a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized in infants by bluish urine-stained diapers), the patients exhibit a defect in tryptophan metabolism, leading to an increase in indican synthesis. Indican is then excreted into the urine and from there into the diaper where, upon exposure to air, it is converted to indigo blue dye due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan (PMID: 19967017). Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan), which leads to excessive bacterial fermentation of tryptophan (to indole) in the gut. Indican has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Its excretion is decreased by the presence of Lactobacillus bacteria in the gut (PMID: 6785555 ). Indican is an indolyl carbohydrate, a beta-D-glucoside and an exopolysaccharide. Indican is a natural product found in Indigofera suffruticosa, Isatis tinctoria, and other organisms with data available. Indican is a toxic metabolite derived from dietary proteins and tryptophan. In the intestine, proteins and tryptophan are converted to indole by tryptophanase-expressing organisms. In the liver, indole is hydroxylated to form indoxyl and indoxyl is sufated to produce indican. Overproduction of indican is associated with glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and renal failure. Indican is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. It is a colourless organic compound, soluble in water, naturally occurring in Indigofera plants. It is a precursor of indigo dye. Indican interferes with many commercial procedures for measuring total bilirubin[6] which can be a problem for renal failure patients where blood indican levels are raised. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in patients where protein absorption is reduced - like Hartnups disease, allowing for greater bacterial decomposition of the Tryptophan to indole and its conversion to indican.
Sulfobromophthalein
V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CE - Tests for liver functional capacity D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins D004396 - Coloring Agents Same as: D08548
Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349) [HMDB] The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous neurosteroid, is a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one potentiates neuronal response to low concentrations of GABA at α4β1δ GABAA receptors in vitro.
Metribolone
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
Fluprednisolone
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Same as: D04227
ICI 164384
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
5alpha-Pregnan-20alpha-ol-3-one
This compound belongs to the family of Gluco/mineralocorticoids, Progestogins and Derivatives. These are steroids whose structure is based on an hydroxylated prostane moiety.
7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is is 7alpha-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver microsomes. Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The glucocorticoid dhydrocorticosterone inhibits the conversion of DHEA to 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. The total levels of 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone are increased in serum of patients with Alzheimers disease. (PMID: 17467270, 15751070, 12667489, 9520908) [HMDB] 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is is 7alpha-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver microsomes. Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The glucocorticoid dhydrocorticosterone inhibits the conversion of DHEA to 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. The total levels of 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone are increased in serum of patients with Alzheimers disease. (PMID: 17467270, 15751070, 12667489, 9520908). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
hexestrol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4806; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4804 C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4817; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4815 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4774; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4772 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4796; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4794 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4834; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4832 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4799; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4795 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8903; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8901 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8970; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8969 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 826; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8942
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid also known as TUDCA formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. TUDCA is able to prevent apoptosis and protect mitochondria from cellular elements that would otherwise interfere with energy production. One of these elements is a protein called Bax. TUDCA plays an important role in preventing Bax from being transported to the mitochondria. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid also known as TUDCA formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. TUDCA is able to prevent apoptosis and protect mitochondria from cellular elements that would otherwise interfere with energy production. One of these elements is a protein called Bax. TUDCA plays an important role in preventing Bax from being transported to the mitochondria. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties[1][2]. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Allolithocholic acid
Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
5beta-Coprostanol
Coprosterol or coprostanol is a cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter. Coprosterol is the odorous principle of feces. It is formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment. American physician Austin Flint named it stercorin (Wikipedia). The transformation of cholesterol into coprosterol in its passage through the body involves a reduction of the C5:C6 double bond, and a transition from the allocholanic- to the cholanic-ring system. Although it is established that the bacterial flora of the intestine is concerned in the reduction process, the mechanism by which the stereochemical change is brought about is unknown. Current data suggests that cholestenone and coprostanone, and not cholesterol itself, are the immediate precursors of coprosterol which is formed from them in the intestine by bacterial reduction. Coprosterol is also a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Lactobacillus (PMID: 20338415). Coprosterol or coprostanol is a cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter. Coprosterol is the odorous principle of feces. It is formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment. American physician Austin Flint named it stercorin . The transformation of cholesterol into coprosterol in its passage through the body involves a reduction of the C5:C6 double bond, and a transition from the allocholanic- to the cholanic-ring system. Although it is established that the bacterial flora of the intestine is concerned in the reduction process, the mechanism by which the stereochemical change is brought about is unknown. Current data suggests that cholestenone and coprostanone, and not cholesterol itself, are the immediate precursors of coprosterol which is formed from them in the intestine by bacterial reduction. [HMDB] Same as: D01527
4-Methylpentanal
4-Methylpentanal is an intermediate in the metabolism of C21-Steroid hormone. It is a substrate for Cytochrome P450 11A1 (mitochondrial). [HMDB] 4-Methylpentanal is an intermediate in the metabolism of C21-Steroid hormone. It is a substrate for Cytochrome P450 11A1 (mitochondrial).
3a,20b-Pregnanediol
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone Complex steroid in human breast milk that inhibits hepatic glucuronyl transferase (PMID: 4246186). Complex steroid in human breast milk that inhibits hepatic glucuronyl transferase (4246186) [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Pregnanediol is the major metabolite of progesterone and can be excreted via urine. Pregnanediol offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in vivo[1].
Taurochenodeoxycholate
D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties[1][2].
Chenodiol
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodiol
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
11b,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,20-dione
11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). [HMDB] 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50).
Testosterone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Origin: Animal; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Androstanes CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2802 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4160 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8730 Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.
Epicholestanol
A 5alpha-chloestane compound having a 3alpha-hydroxy substituent. Same as: D01527 Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.
Stanolone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BB - 5-androstanon (3) derivatives A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2805 Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.
Estrone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs A 17-oxo steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by an hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.174 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.175 Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2]. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2].
Androsterone
An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androstane having a hydroxy substituent at the 3alpha-position and an oxo group at the 17-position. It is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone . C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.
Androstenedione
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Origin: Animal; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Androstanes CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8732 INTERNAL_ID 8732; CONFIDENCE standard compound Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.
Lithocholic acid
A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.566 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.575 Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
aminoglutethimide
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BG - Aromatase inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D047072 - Aromatase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2355 - Anti-Adrenal C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Pregnenolone
A 20-oxo steroid that is pregn-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 20. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pregnenolone is a derivative of cholesterol, the product of Cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (EC 1.14.15.6, CYP11A1); this reaction consists of three consecutive monooxygenations; a 22-hydroxylation, 20-hydroxylation and the cleavage of the C20-C22 bond, yielding pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is the precursor to gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. This reaction occurs in steroid hormone-producing tissues such as the adrenal cortex, corpus luteum and placenta. The most notable difference between the placenta and other steroidogenic tissues is that electron supply to CYP11A1 limits the rate at which cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone in the placenta. The limiting component for electron delivery to CYP11A1 is the concentration of adrenodoxin reductase in the mitochondrial matrix which is insufficient to maintain the adrenodoxin pool in a fully reduced state. Pregnenolone is also a neurosteroid, and is produced in the spinal cord; CYP11A1 is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroids, and has been localized in sensory networks of the spinal cord dorsal horn. In the adrenal glomerulosa cell angiotensin II, one of the major physiological regulators of mineralocorticoid synthesis, appears to affect most of the cholesterol transfer to the mitochondrial outer membrane and transport to the inner membrane steps and thus to exerts a powerful control over the use of cholesterol for aldosterone production. (PMID: 17222962, 15823613, 16632873, 15134809) [HMDB]. Pregnenolone is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, yellow bell pepper, oval-leaf huckleberry, and fenugreek. Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3]. Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3].
Zearalenone
A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5970 Origin: Microbe; Formula(Parent): C18H22O5; Bottle Name:zearalenone; PRIME Parent Name:Zearalenone; PRIME in-house No.:V0033 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts[1][2]. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts[1][2].
Androstanedione
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Cholestenone
Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2]. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2].
2-Adenylic acid
Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2]. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2]. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is converted by extracellular 2’,3'-CAMP. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is further metabolized to extracellular adenosine (a mechanism called the extracellular 2’,3’-cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine-2'-monophosphate inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL10 production via A2A receptor activation[1][2].
hydroxyprogesterone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-Hydroxyprogesterone) is an endogenous progesterone that serves as a chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of other steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.
Cholestane
Chenix
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AA - Bile acids and derivatives C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
phenolphthalein
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation > A06AB - Contact laxatives D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D010635 - Phenolphthaleins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3720; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3717 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3689; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3687 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3685; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3683 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3891; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3888 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3687; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3684 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3922; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3920 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8029; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8028 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8044; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8074; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8072 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8092 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8078
THDOC
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous neurosteroid, is a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one potentiates neuronal response to low concentrations of GABA at α4β1δ GABAA receptors in vitro.
Androstenediol
A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
ST 21:2;O3
A hydroxypregnenolone that is pregnenolone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 16. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane steroid. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 21-Hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis.
Urocortisol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisol is cortisol metabolite. The urinary Tetrahydrocortisol/Tetrahydrocortisone ratio decreases with increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) activity[1][2].
ST 21:2;O2
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.
Pregnanediol
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Pregnanediol is the major metabolite of progesterone and can be excreted via urine. Pregnanediol offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in vivo[1].
Pregnanetriol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Methyltrienolone
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
N-n-Butyl-N-methyl-11-(3,17beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7alpha-yl)undecanamide
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Teslen
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
546-18-9
D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids 5β-Cholanic acid can be used for 5β-Cholanic acid derivatives synthesis[1].
CMC_13393
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3]. Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication[1][2]. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels[3].
(R)-(−)-Propylene glycerol
(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1]. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1].
Androstane
Tetrahydrocortisol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisol is the most powerful natural angiostatic steroid. It is involved in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism pathway (KEGG). [HMDB] Tetrahydrocortisol is cortisol metabolite. The urinary Tetrahydrocortisol/Tetrahydrocortisone ratio decreases with increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) activity[1][2].
20-alfa-Dhydrodydrogesterone
The (20S)-stereoisomer of 17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. 20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone is a biologically weaker progestin. Progestin facilitates estrogen induction of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. It is known that 20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone is increased at midcycle but its importance in regulating LH has not been studied. Howevever periovulatory levels of 20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone do not play a role in modulating the estrogen-induced bioactive LH surge. (PMID:2245841) [HMDB]
Deethylatrazine
A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.
5α-Dihydroprogesterone
A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.
Cholest-4-en-3-one
A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2]. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2].
R-1,2-PROPANEDIOL
(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1]. (R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is a (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol that produced from glucose in Escherichia coli expressing NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase genes[1].
(20R)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins
1-Indanone
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D006074 - Gout Suppressants > D014528 - Uricosuric Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
11beta-Hydroxyandrostenedione
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor. As 4-androstenedione increases, measuring plasma 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione can distinguish the adrenal or ovarian origin of hyperandrogenism[1][2].
5beta-cholestan-3-one
A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestane substituted by an oxo group at position 3.
7alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Dihydrocortisol
5β-Dihydrocortisol, a metabolite of Cortisol, is a potential mineralocorticoid. 5β-Dihydrocortisol can potentiate glucocorticoid activity in raising the intraocular pressure. 5β-Dihydrocortisol causes breast cancer cell apoptosis[1][2][3][4][5].
