(S)-Boldine
Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. (S)-Boldine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Boldine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient. (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Gracillin
Gracillin is a triterpenoid. Gracillin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Clintonia udensis, and other organisms with data available. Gracillin is a steroidal saponin extracted from the roots of the plant and has anti-tumor properties. Gracillin is a steroidal saponin extracted from the roots of the plant and has anti-tumor properties.
Esculentic acid (Diplazium)
Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. It has a role as an angiogenesis modulating agent and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a triol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. From Centella asiatica and other plants; shows a variety of bioactivities. Asiatic acid is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Combretum fruticosum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of); Centella asiatica flowering top (part of). Esculentic acid (Diplazium) is found in green vegetables. Esculentic acid (Diplazium) is a constituent of the edible fern Diplazium esculentum C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2]. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2].
Hocogenin
Hecogenin is a triterpenoid. Hecogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Allium rotundum, and other organisms with data available.
Harpagoside
Harpagoside is a terpene glycoside. Harpagoside is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum sinuatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Harpagophytum procumbens root (part of); Harpagophytum zeyheri root (part of). Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids Harpagoside is isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens. Harpagoside has inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 activity and inhibits NO production[1]. Harpagoside is isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens. Harpagoside has inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 activity and inhibits NO production[1].
Phorbol
Phorbol is a white solid. (NTP, 1992) Phorbol is a diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an enone, a cyclic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a tigliane. Phorbol is a natural product found in Euphorbia tirucalli, Croton tiglium, and Rehmannia glutinosa with data available. Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium. The structure of phorbol was determined in 1967. It is very soluble in most polar organic solvents, as well as in water. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties. Phorbol is a highly toxic diterpene, whose esters have important biological properties.
Acetylshikonin
Acetylshikonin is an acetate ester and a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Acetylshikonin is a natural product found in Echium plantagineum, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. Acetylshikonin, derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has anti-cancer and antiinflammation activity. Acetylshikonin is a non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor against all P450s (IC50 values range from 1.4-4.0 μM). Acetylshikonin is an AChE inhibitor and exhibits potent antiapoptosis activity[1][2][3]. Acetylshikonin, derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has anti-cancer and antiinflammation activity. Acetylshikonin is a non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor against all P450s (IC50 values range from 1.4-4.0 μM). Acetylshikonin is an AChE inhibitor and exhibits potent antiapoptosis activity[1][2][3].
lappacontine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics Lappaconitine is a diterpenoid.
Monensin
Monensin A is a spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. It has a role as a coccidiostat, an antifungal agent and an ionophore. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a cyclic hemiketal, a spiroketal and a polyether antibiotic. Monensin is a polyether isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis that presents antibiotic properties. It is widely used in ruminant animal feeds. Monensin is a natural product found in Streptomyces glaucescens and Apis cerana with data available. An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies. See also: Monensin Sodium (has salt form). A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents D007476 - Ionophores > D061209 - Proton Ionophores D007476 - Ionophores > D061210 - Sodium Ionophores C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8499
Azulene
Azulene is a mancude carbobicyclic parent consisting of a cycloheptatriene and cyclopentadiene rings. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. It is an ortho-fused bicyclic arene, a member of azulenes and a mancude carbobicyclic parent. Azulene is a natural product found in Anthemis cretica, Achillea millefolium, and other organisms with data available. Azulene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (L10) A mancude carbobicyclic parent consisting of a cycloheptatriene and cyclopentadiene rings. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Same as: D09768 Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].
Forchlorfenuron
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8757; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8756 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8835; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8832 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4401; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4419; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4414 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4428; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4427 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8765; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8763 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4391; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4390 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8800; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8798 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4416; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8810; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8809 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8790; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8788 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 811; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4435; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4431 D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3601 Forchlorfenuron is plant growth regulator and cytokinin; can be used to increase fruit size of fruits, such as kiwi fruit and grapes.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate
p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, also known as 4-hydroxybenzeneacetate, is classified as a member of the 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids. 1-Hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 2-position. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be synthesized from acetic acid. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate, ixerochinolide, and lactucopicrin 15-oxalate. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found in numerous foods such as olives, cocoa beans, oats, and mushrooms. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found throughout all human tissues and in all biofluids. Within a cell, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus. Higher levels of this metabolite are associated with an overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria from Clostridia species including C. difficile, C. stricklandii, C. lituseburense, C. subterminale, C. putrefaciens, and C. propionicum (PMID: 476929, 12173102). p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is detected after the consumption of whole grain. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxyphenylacetate. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a natural product found in Guanomyces polythrix, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. Constituent of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and yeast Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=156-38-7 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 156-38-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1]. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1].
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose, also known as b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides or glycans. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose has been detected, but not quantified, in root vegetables. Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose is an oligosaccharide. Maltotriose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Maltotriose is a natural product found in Lycium barbarum, Polygonum aviculare, and other organisms with data available. Maltotriose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2]. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2].
Metolachlor
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9405; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9403 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9416; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9412 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9435; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9432 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9411; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9409 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9432; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9430 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 988; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9555; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9554 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 268 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4040 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8418 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3556 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Propiconazole
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9740; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9738 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9692; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9687 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9695; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9694 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9733; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9731 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9714; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9713 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1346; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9736; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9735 CONFIDENCE Parent Substance (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2400 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 212 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8415 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2576 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4035 KEIO_ID T108; [MS2] KO009255 KEIO_ID T108
Dihydrofolic acid
Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division. It can be targeted with drug analogs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolic acid is also known by the name Dihydrofolate - more commonly Vitamin B9. [HMDB] Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division. It can be targeted with drug analogs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolic acid is also known by the name Dihydrofolate - more commonly Vitamin B9. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid.
Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone (fluoroquinolones) antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. [PubChem]Ofloxacin acts on DNA gyrase and toposiomerase IV, enzymes which, like human topoisomerase, prevents the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. By inhibiting their function, the drug thereby inhibits normal cell division. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1033
Baclofen
Baclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03B - Muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1]. Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Clozapine
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. [PubChem] N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AH - Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist > C94726 - 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018756 - GABA Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2841 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1600 Clozapine (HF 1854) is an antipsychotic used for the research of schizophrenia. Clozapine has high affinity for a number of neuroreceptors. Clozapine is a potent antagonist of dopamine D2 with a Ki of 75 nM. Clozapine inhibits the muscarinic M1 receptor and serotonin 5HT2A receptor with Kis of 9.5 nM and 4 nM, respectively[1][2][3]. Clozapine is also a potent and selective agonist at the muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM)[4].
Etomidate
Etomidate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an midazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic. [PubChem]Etomidate binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
Methyl red
D004396 - Coloring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9367; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9363 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9443; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9441 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9445; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9443 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9467; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9471; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9469 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 502; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9503; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9501
Angiotensin IV
Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474) [HMDB] Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ampicillin
Ampicillin is found in common pea. It is also a potential contaminant of cows milk arising from its veterinary use. Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. It is considered part of the aminopenicillin family and is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic KEIO_ID A197
4-Methylumbelliferone glucuronide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)Sulfonamides inhibit the enzymatic conversion of pteridine and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydropteroic acid by competing with PABA for binding to dihydrofolate synthetase, an intermediate of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) synthesis. THF is required for the synthesis of purines and dTMP and inhibition of its synthesis inhibits bacterial growth. Pyrimethamine and trimethoprim inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, another step in THF synthesis, and therefore act synergistically with the sulfonamides. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EC - Intermediate-acting sulfonamides COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 298 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1018 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, strand supercoiling repair, and recombination. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 276 KEIO_ID C133; [MS3] KO008906 KEIO_ID C133; [MS2] KO008905 KEIO_ID C133 Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4]. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4].
6-Chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7123; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7121
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7114; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7112
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7136; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7132
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7127; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7125
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7139; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7137
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1296; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7129; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7127
6-Chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine is a major soil metabolite of Atrazine
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone (fluoroquinolones) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. [PubChem]The bactericidal action of Norfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterias. The fluorine atom at the 6 position increases potency against gram-negative organisms, and the piperazine moiety at the 7 position is responsible for anti-pseudomonal activity J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 232 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1032
Trimethoprim
A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to pyrimethamine. The interference with folic acid metabolism may cause a depression of hematopoiesis. It is potentiated by sulfonamides and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. Trimethoprim resistance has been reported. [PubChem] Trimethoprim. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=738-70-5 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 738-70-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Maltotriose
Maltotriose is a trisaccharide (three-part sugar) consisting of three glucose molecules linked with α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is most commonly produced by the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase (a common enzyme in human saliva) on amylose in starch. The creation of both maltotriose and maltose during this process is due to the random manner in which alpha amylase hydrolyses α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as maltodextrin. Maltotriose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Maltotriose is a common oligosaccharide metabolite found in human urine after maltose ingestion or infusion (PMID:6645121). Maltotriose is increased in glycogen storage disease II (OMIM: 232300) due to a mutation of the enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) (PMID:4286143). Constituent of corn syrup. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2]. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2].
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline is a tetracycline analog isolated from the actinomycete streptomyces rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions. [PubChem]Oxytetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Oxytetracycline is lipophilic and can easily pass through the cell membrane or passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane. Oxytetracycline is a clinically used broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotic. It is approved by FDA for use in fish and animal feeds. Oxytetracycline is known as a broad-spectrum antibiotic due to its activity against such a wide range of infections. It was the second of the tetracyclines to be discovered. Oxytetracycline, like other tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections common and rare. Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne, but alternatives sould be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use > D06AA - Tetracycline and derivatives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines Clinically used broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotic. Approved by FDA for use in fish and animal feeds S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity[1][2][3].
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate, also known as pep or 2-(phosphonooxy)-2-propenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as phosphate esters. Phosphate esters are organic compounds containing phosphoric acid ester functional group, with the general structure R1P(=O)(R2)OR3. R1,R2 = O,N, or halogen atom; R3 = organyl group. Phosphoenolpyruvate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoenolpyruvate can be found in a number of food items such as okra, endive, chestnut, and dandelion, which makes phosphoenolpyruvate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phosphoenolpyruvate can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, and saliva, as well as in human prostate tissue. Phosphoenolpyruvate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, phosphoenolpyruvate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include glycolysis, amino sugar metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenosis, type IC. Phosphoenolpyruvate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include glycogen storage disease type 1A (GSD1A) or von gierke disease, salla disease/infantile sialic acid storage disease, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) as the ester derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion; the parent acid, which is only of theoretical interest, is phosphoenolpyruvic acid. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in living organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation; in bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system . Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It has a high energy phosphate bond, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In glycolysis, PEP is formed by the action of the enzyme enolase on 2-phosphoglycerate. Metabolism of PEP to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates 1 molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. ATP is one of the major currencies of chemical energy within cells. In gluconeogenesis, PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of 1 guanosine triphosphate molecule. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This reaction is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia). [Spectral] Phosphoenolpyruvate (exact mass = 167.98237) and 6-Phospho-D-gluconate (exact mass = 276.02463) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID P007
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AF - Antiinfectives for treatment of acne D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01B - Amphenicols > J01BA - Amphenicols S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3070 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor KEIO_ID C057; [MS3] KO008919 KEIO_ID C057; [MS2] KO008918 KEIO_ID C057
Nalidixic Acid
Nalidixic Acid is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase. [PubChem]Evidence exists for Nalidixic acid that its active metabolite, hydroxynalidixic acid, binds strongly, but reversibly, to DNA, interfering with synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3553 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7969; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7967 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3567; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3565 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8010; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8008 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7993; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7988 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7958; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7956 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8025; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8023 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 840; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8010; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8009 J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents KEIO_ID N067; [MS2] KO009130 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID N067 Nalidixic acid, a quinolone antibiotic, is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nalidixic acid acts in a bacteriostatic manner in lower concentrations and is bactericidal in higher concentrations. Nalidixic acid inhibits a subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria[1]. Nalidixic acid, a quinolone antibiotic, is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nalidixic acid acts in a bacteriostatic manner in lower concentrations and is bactericidal in higher concentrations. Nalidixic acid inhibits a subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria[1].
Novobiocin
Novobiocin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189) [PubChem]Novobiocin is an aminocoumarin. Aminocoumarins are very potent inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and work by inhibiting the GyrB subunit of the enzyme involved in energy tranduction. Novobiocin as well as the other aminocoumarin antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors of the ATPase reaction catalysed by GyrB. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1168 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1167 Novobiocin (Albamycin) is a potent and orally active antibiotic. Novobiocin also is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist. Novobiocin has the potential for the research of highly beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal infections. Novobiocin shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity[1][2][3][4][6].
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin (International Nonproprietary Name), or amoxycillin (British Approved Name), is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, -lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to ampicillin except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration (PubChem). Amoxicillin is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and a limited range of Gram-negative organisms. It is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, and so may be given with clavulanic acid to increase its susceptibility. The incidence of beta-lactamase-producing resistant organisms, including E. coli, appears to be increasing. Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell wall. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that amoxicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Amoxicillin is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral administration, than other -lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin in trihydrate form is available as capsules, chewable and dispersible tablets, syrup and pediatric suspension for oral use, and as the sodium salt for intravenous administration. It is one of the most common antibiotics prescribed for children, and the liquid forms are helpful in cases where the patient might find it difficult to take tablets or capsules. It has three ionizable groups. Amoxicillin as a once-daily dosing form (Moxatag) was approved by the American FDA in January 2008. Amoxicillin is one of the semi-synthetic penicillins discovered by Beecham scientists. The patent for amoxicillin has expired, thus amoxicillin is marketed under many trade names, including Actimoxi, Alphamox, AMK, Amoksibos, Amoxiclav Sandoz, Amoxidal, Amoxil, Amoxin, Amoksiklav, Amoxibiotic, Amoxicilina, Apo-Amoxi, Augmentin, Bactox, Betalaktam, Cilamox, Curam, Dedoxil, Dispermox, Duomox, E-Mox (250mg and 500 mg), Enhancin, Gimalxina, Geramox, Hiconcil, Isimoxin, Klavox, Lamoxy, Moxatag, Moxilen, Moxypen, Moxyvit, Nobactam, Novamoxin, Ospamox, Panklav, Pamoxicillin, Panamox, Polymox, Samthongcillin, Clamoxyl, Senox, Sinacilin, Trimox, Tolodina, Wymox, Yucla, Zerrsox, and Zimox. Amoxicillin is found in milk and milk products. It is a potential contaminant in cows milk arising from its veterinary use. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears. [PubChem]Ceftriaxone works by inhibiting the mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. The beta-lactam moiety of Ceftriaxone binds to carboxypeptidases, endopeptidases, and transpeptidases in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. These enzymes are involved in cell-wall synthesis and cell division. By binding to these enzymes, Ceftriaxone results in the formation of of defective cell walls and cell death. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.Ticarcillins antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis when the bacteria tries to divide, causing death. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Tetracycline
Tetracycline is a broad spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria. It exerts a bacteriostatic effect on bacteria by binding reversible to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking incoming aminoacyl tRNA from binding to the ribosome acceptor site. It also binds to some extent to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and may alter the cytoplasmic membrane causing intracellular components to leak from bacterial cells. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use > D06AA - Tetracycline and derivatives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic (-)-Tetracycline. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=60-54-8 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 60-54-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms. [PubChem]Sulfisoxazole is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. It inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by preventing the condensation of the pteridine with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3072; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3068 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6520; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6519 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6493; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6549; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6547 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3126; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3125 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6542; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6539 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6522; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6521 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6555; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6553 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3083; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 636; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3067; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3065 J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EB - Short-acting sulfonamides S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AB - Sulfonamides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1013 Sulfisoxazole (Sulfafurazole) is an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 0.60 μM and 22 μM against endothelin receptor A and endothelin receptor B, respectively. Sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent with an oxazole substituent. Sulfisoxazole inhibits breast cancer exosome release by targeting endothelin receptor A[1][2].
Kanamycin
Kanamycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components. [PubChem]Aminoglycosides like kanamycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Kanamycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. [PubChem]Methylphenidate blocks dopamine uptake in central adrenergic neurons by blocking dopamine transport or carrier proteins. Methylphenidate acts at the brain stem arousal system and the cerebral cortex and causes increased sympathomimetic activity in the central nervous system. Alteration of serotonergic pathways via changes in dopamine transport may result. N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, gonorrhea, and haemophilus. [PubChem]Cefuroxime, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cefuroxime interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cephalexin
Cephalexin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of cephaloridine or cephalothin, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. [PubChem]Cephalexin, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cephalexin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1046
Nitrofurantoin
A bacteriostatic or bactericidal agent depending on the concentration and susceptibility of the infecting organism. Nitrofurantoin is active against some gram positive organisms such as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, S. agalactiae, group D streptococci, viridians streptococci and Corynebacterium. Its spectrum of activity against gram negative organisms includes E. coli, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Salmonella and Shigella. It may be used as an alternative to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for treating urinary tract infections though it may be less effective at eradicating vaginal bacteria. May also be used in females as prophylaxis against recurrent cystitis related to coitus. Nitrofurantoin is highly stable to the development of bacterial resistance, a property thought to be due to its multiplicity of mechanisms of action. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01X - Other antibacterials > J01XE - Nitrofuran derivatives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
Methyl 2-aminobenzoate
Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is found in alcoholic beverages. Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is found in essential oils, including bergamot, orange peel, lemon peel, jasmine, ylang-ylang and neroli. Also present in concord grape, strawberry, star fruit, wines, cocoa, black tea and rice bran. Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is a flavouring agent Found in essential oils, including bergamot, orange peel, lemon peel, jasmine, ylang-ylang and neroliand is also present in concord grape, strawberry, star fruit, wines, cocoa, black tea and rice bran. Flavouring agent.
Rivastigmine
Rivastigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimers type. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase.Rivastigmine is a carbamate derivative that is structurally related to physostigmine, but not to donepezil and tacrine. The precise mechanism of rivastigmine has not been fully determined, but it is suggested that rivastigmine binds reversibly with and inactivates chlolinesterase (eg. acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase), preventing the hydrolysis of acetycholine, and thus leading to an increased concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. The anticholinesterase activity of rivastigmine is relatively specific for brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared with those in peripheral tissues. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06D - Anti-dementia drugs > N06DA - Anticholinesterases D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2844 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2844; CONFIDENCE standard compound D020011 - Protective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Cefixime
Cefixime, an antibiotic, is a third-generation cephalosporin like ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Cefixime is highly stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to cefixime. The antibacterial effect of cefixime results from inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C61101 - Glycopeptide Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Sterigmatocystin
Sterigmatocystin is a mycotoxin of Aspergillus versicolor and Chaetomium species Sterigmatocystin is a poison of the type dermatoxin, from the fungi genus Aspergillus. It appears on crusts of cheese with mold. Sterigmatocystin is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins (compare general fact sheet number 2), and consists of a xanthone nucleus attached to a bifuran structure. Sterigmatocystin is mainly produced by the fungi Aspergillus nidulans and A. versicolor. It has been reported in mouldy grain, green coffee beans and cheese although information on its occurrence in foods is limited. It appears to occur much less frequently than the aflatoxins, although analytical methods for its determination have not been as sensitive until recently, and so it is possible that small concentrations in food commodities may not always have been detected. Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as widespread in its occurrence. If this is the true situation it would be justified to consider sterigmatocystin as no more than a risk to consumers in special or unusual circumstances. Sterigmatocystin is a number of closely related compounds such o-methyl sterigmatocystin are known and some may also occur naturally. The IARC-classification of sterigmatocystin is group 2B, which means it is possibly carcinogenic to humans. In practice, the risk is quite low however, because this substance only appears on cheese crusts with mold, and because of that the chance of daily exposure is very low. Sterigmatocystin is a molded crust is best not to be consumed in whole, but after removing the crust, the cheese can still be consumed. Sterigmatocystin is a different kind of mold than that which appears on cheese itself, which can simply be removed before further consumption D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2320
Lignoceric acid (C24)
Lignoceric acid, also known as N-tetracosanoic acid or tetraeicosanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, lignoceric acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Lignoceric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lignoceric acid can be found in a number of food items such as hazelnut, cheese, rye bread, and cetacea (dolphin, porpoise, whale), which makes lignoceric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lignoceric acid can be found primarily in blood and feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. Lignoceric acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, lignoceric acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Lignoceric acid is also involved in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which is a metabolic disorder. Lignoceric acid, or tetracosanoic acid, is the saturated fatty acid with formula C23H47COOH. It is found in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amounts in most natural fats. The fatty acids of peanut oil contain small amounts of lignoceric acid (1.1\\\\% – 2.2\\\\%). This fatty acid is also a byproduct of lignin production . Tetracosanoic acid is a C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and a Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite. It is a very long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetracosanoate. Tetracosanoic acid, also known as N-tetracosanoate or lignoceric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Tetracosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tetracosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].
Tiamulin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Same as: D06127 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1055
D-Chicoric acid
D-Chicoric acid is found in green vegetables. D-Chicoric acid is isolated from chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Cichorium endivia (endive). Isolated from chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Cichorium endivia (endive). D-Chicoric acid is found in green vegetables. Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3]. Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3]. L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyltartaric acid and a potent, selective and reversible HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with an IC50 of ~100 nM. L-Chicoric Acid inhibits HIV-1 replication in tissue culture[1][2][3]. L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyltartaric acid and a potent, selective and reversible HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with an IC50 of ~100 nM. L-Chicoric Acid inhibits HIV-1 replication in tissue culture[1][2][3].
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides Same as: D03468
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. Its physiological and pharmacological effects, metabolism, release, and receptors have been well documented in several species. ACh has been considered an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the carotid body (CB). Various nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors are present in both afferent nerve endings and glomus cells. Therefore, ACh can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane depending on the available receptor type in the vicinity. Binding of ACh to its receptor can create a wide variety of cellular responses including opening cation channels (nicotinic ACh receptor activation), releasing Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites (via muscarinic ACh receptors), and modulating activities of K+ and Ca2+ channels. Interactions between ACh and other neurotransmitters (dopamine, adenosine, nitric oxide) have been known, and they may induce complicated responses. Cholinergic biology in the CB differs among species and even within the same species due to different genetic composition. Development and environment influence cholinergic biology. Pharmacological data clearly indicate that both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these regions. Acetylcholine has been shown to increase the strength of afferent input relative to feedback, to contribute to theta rhythm oscillations, activate intrinsic mechanisms for persistent spiking, and increase the modification of synapses. These effects might enhance different types of encoding in different cortical structures. In particular, the effects in entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and hippocampus might be important for encoding new episodic memories. The role of ACh in attention has been repeatedly demonstrated in several tasks. Acetylcholine is linked to response accuracy in voluntary and reflexive attention and also to response speed in reflexive attention. It is well known that those with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders tend to be inaccurate and slow to respond. (PMID:17284361, 17011181, 15556286). Acetylcholine has been found to be a microbial product, urinary acetylcholine is produced by Lactobacillus (PMID:24621061). S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents IPB_RECORD: 232; CONFIDENCE confident structure COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus KEIO_ID A060 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2-Aminoanthracene
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8008 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae. [PubChem]Fosfomycin is a phosphoenolpyruvate analogue produced by Streptomyces that irreversibly inhibits enolpyruvate transferase (MurA), which prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid, an essential element of the peptidoglycan cell wall. S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
5-Keto-D-gluconate
5-Keto-D-gluconate is metabolized from glucose in certain bacterial species. It is an intermediate in L-idonate degradation and ketogluconate metabolism. 5-Keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase catalyzes the reversible reduction of 5-ketogluconate to D-gluconate. This is the second reaction of the L-idonate catabolic pathway after uptake of L-idonate into the cell. The enzyme specifically reduces 5-ketogluconate using either NADH or NADPH. The enzyme is also specific for D-gluconate oxidation using NADP as the coenzyme, NAD does not serve as a coenzyme. 5-Keto-D-gluconate has also been found to be a metabolite of Gluconobacter (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138111779800112X). 5-Keto-D-gluconate is metabolized from glucose in certain bacterial species. It is an intermediate in L-idonate degradation and ketogluconate metabolism. 5-Keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase catalyzes the reversible reduction of 5-ketogluconate to D-gluconate. This is the second reaction of the L-idonate catabolic pathway after uptake of L-idonate into the cell. The enzyme specifically reduces 5-ketogluconate using either NADH or NADPH. The enzyme is also specific for D-gluconate oxidation using NADP as the coenzyme, NAD does not serve as a coenzyme. [HMDB]
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from cephaloridine and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients. [PubChem]The bactericidal activity of ceftazidime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
Piperacillin
Piperacillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, ampicillin derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for pseudomonas infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics. [PubChem]By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Piperacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Piperacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Same as: D08380 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
phosphoramidon
A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors KEIO_ID P122
Streptomycin
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms and disrupting the initiation and elongation steps in protein synthesis. It is bactericidal due to effects that are not fully understood. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials > J01GA - Streptomycins C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID S031
Amikacin
Amikacin is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A. Similar to other aminoglycosides, amikacin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and tRNA acceptor sites leading to the production of non-functional or toxic peptides. Other mechanisms not fully understood may confer the bactericidal effects of amikacin. Amikacin is also nephrotoxic and ototoxic. D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID A239
N-ethylmaleimide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D013439 - Sulfhydryl Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID E008
TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents KEIO_ID T021
Behenic acid
Behenic acid, also known as docosanoate or 1-docosanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, behenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Behenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Behenic acid can be found in a number of food items such as rice, opium poppy, pepper (c. frutescens), and gram bean, which makes behenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Behenic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine. Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white to cream color crystals or powder with a melting point of 80 °C and boiling point of 306 °C . Behenic acid, also docosanoic acid, is a normal carboxylic acid, a fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. It is an important constituent of the behen oil extracted from the seeds of the Ben-oil tree, and it is so named from the Persian month Bahman when the roots of this tree were harvested. Behenic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID:32033212). Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.
1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and fennel. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon. Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. (Wikipedia C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_50eV.txt Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
Acteoside
The main hydroxycinnamic deriv. in olives. Acteoside is found in many foods, some of which are olive, lemon verbena, bitter gourd, and common verbena. Acteoside is found in bitter gourd. It is the main hydroxycinnamic derivative in olives Verbascoside is isolated from Acanthus mollis, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity. Verbascoside is isolated from Acanthus mollis, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also benzene-1,4-diol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. Its chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. Hydroquinone is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure. The presence of hydroquinone in normal individuals stems mainly from direct dietary ingestion, catabolism of tyrosine and other substrates by gut bacteria, ingestion of arbutin containing foods, cigarette smoking, and the use of some over-the-counter medicines. Hydroquinone is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure. The hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic. Hydroquinone can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion. Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water. It is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. [HMDB]. Hydroquinone is found in many foods, some of which are kai-lan, agar, red bell pepper, and jostaberry. Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. Its chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. Hydroquinone is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure. The presence of hydroquinone in normal individuals stems mainly from direct dietary ingestion, catabolism of tyrosine and other substrates by gut bacteria, ingestion of arbutin-containing foods, cigarette smoking, and the use of some over-the-counter medicines. Hydroquinone is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure. The hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic. Hydroquinone can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion. Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water. It is a major component of most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens D - Dermatologicals
Digitin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D004071 - Digitalis Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents Digitonin, a glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, could increase cell permeability by binding to cholesterol molecules and reduce tumor growth[1]. Digitonin is an natural detergent[2]. Digitonin, a glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, could increase cell permeability by binding to cholesterol molecules and reduce tumor growth[1]. Digitonin is an natural detergent[2].
adonirubin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
adonixanthin
A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-caroten-4-one bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3R diastereomer). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Yersiniabactin
A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis. D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a transition metal with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. The pure metal is silvery white in color, fairly soft, and has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. There is a trace requirement for molybdenum in plants, and soils can be barren due to molybdenum deficiencies. Plants and animals generally have molybdenum present in amounts of a few parts per million. In animals molybdenum is a cofactor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase which is involved in the pathways of purine degradation and formation of uric acid. In some animals, adding a small amount of dietary molybdenum enhances growth. Francis Crick suggested that since molybdenum is an essential trace element that plays an important role in many enzymatic reactions, despite being less abundant than the more common elements, such as chromium and nickel, that perhaps this fact is indicative of "Panspermia." Crick theorized that if it could be shown that the elements represented in terrestrial living organisms correlate closely with those that are abundant in some class of star - molybdenum stars, for example, that this would provide evidence of such Directed Panspermia. In small quantities, molybdenum is effective at hardening steel. Molybdenum is important in plant nutrition, and is found in certain enzymes, including xanthine oxidase. Molybdenum is used to this day in high-strength alloys and in high-temperature steels. Special molybdenum-containing alloys, such as the Hastelloys, are notably heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Molybdenum is used in oil pipelines, aircraft and missile parts, and in filaments. Molybdenum finds use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, especially in catalysts for removing organic sulfurs from petroleum products. It is used to form the anode in some x-ray tubes, particularly in mammography applications. And is found in some electronic applications as the conductive metal layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs). Molybdenum disulfide is a good lubricant, especially at high temperatures. And Mo-99 is used in the nuclear isotope industry. Molybdenum pigments range from red-yellow to a bright red orange and are used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in various oxidation states in minerals. Industrially, molybdenum compounds are used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, as pigments and catalysts. Molybdenum-containing enzymes are used as catalysts by some bacteria to break the chemical bond in atmospheric molecular nitrogen, allowing biological nitrogen fixation. At least 50 molybdenum-containing enzymes are now known in bacteria and animals, though only the bacterial and cyanobacterial enzymes are involved in nitrogen fixation. Owing to the diverse functions of the remainder of the enzymes, molybdenum is a required element for life in higher organisms (eukaryotes), though not in all bacteria. [Wikipedia]. Molybdenum is found in many foods, some of which are cabbage, gooseberry, french plantain, and turnip. D018977 - Micronutrients > D014131 - Trace Elements
Nitrogen
Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78\\% by volume of Earths atmosphere. Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms. It is a constituent element of amino acids and therefore of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Nitrogen is found in the chemical structure of almost all neurotransmitters and is a key component of alkaloids. Specific bacteria (e.g. Rhizobium trifolium) possess nitrogenase enzymes which can fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form (ammonium ion) which is chemically useful to higher organisms. Animals use nitrogen-containing amino acids from plant sources, as starting materials for all nitrogen-compound animal biochemistry, including the manufacture of proteins and nucleic acids. Animal metabolism of NO (nitric oxide) results in production of nitrite. Animal metabolism of nitrogen in proteins generally results in excretion of urea, while animal metabolism of nucleic acids results in excretion of urea and uric acid. The characteristic odor of animal flesh decay is caused by nitrogen-containing long-chain amines, such as putrescine and cadaverine. Decay of organisms and their waste products may produce small amounts of nitrate, but most decay eventually returns nitrogen content to the atmosphere, as molecular nitrogen. The circulation of nitrogen from the atmosphere through organics and then back to the atmosphere is commonly referred to as the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen can be measured in urine with the Kjeldahl method or by spectrophotometric methods (enzymic tests). Total urinary nitrogen is calculated based on urea urinary nitrogen quantified with these methods. V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AN - Medical gases
Nitrous oxide
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents Aerosol propellant for foods. Nitrous oxide is a flavouring ingredien N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics Aerosol propellant for foods. Flavouring ingredient [DFC]
Cephalosporin C
Cephalosporin C is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class. It was isolated from fungi of the genus Acremonium and first characterized in 1961. Although not a very active antibiotic itself, synthetic analogs of cephalosporin C, such as cefalotin, became some of the first marketed cephalosporin antibiotic drugs. (Wikipedia) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, also known as Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 or inositol pentaphosphate, is an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling. Both Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesized from the same myo-inositol-based precursor (PMID: 16755629). InsP6, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, and their close metabolic relatives are amongst the more abundant intracellular inositol polyphosphates. They are involved in chromatin organization, DNA maintenance, gene transcription, nuclear mRNA transport, membrane trafficking, and control of cell proliferation (PMID: 14992690). myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5)), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesised from the same myo-inositol-based precursor. (PMID: 16755629)
amsacrine
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007364 - Intercalating Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate
This compound belongs to the family of Purine Ribonucleoside Triphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety.
Aerobactin
Aerobactin is a virulence factor for enteric bacteria found occasionally in humans, and is produced by bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae. E. cloacae is part of the normal intestinal floras of many individuals and not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. Aerobactin secretion in vivo could be an important step in the stages of the infection cycle during which intestine-populating opportunistic bacteria effectively colonize the gut, penetrate the mucous layer covering the intestinal villi, translocate out of intestinal lumen through the epithelial cells, and finally spread to organs within which they may survive. (PMID: 9453621, 8752377) [HMDB] Aerobactin is a virulence factor for enteric bacteria found occasionally in humans, and is produced by bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae. E. cloacae is part of the normal intestinal floras of many individuals and not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. Aerobactin secretion in vivo could be an important step in the stages of the infection cycle during which intestine-populating opportunistic bacteria effectively colonize the gut, penetrate the mucous layer covering the intestinal villi, translocate out of intestinal lumen through the epithelial cells, and finally spread to organs within which they may survive. (PMID: 9453621, 8752377). D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents
Vanylglycol
Vanylglycol, also known as 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. It is synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. Catecholamines play an important role in platelet activation and aggregation, epinephrine being the most potent one. Vanylglycol and pyrocatechol can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and guaiacol; which is catalyzed by the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Vanylglycol is a O-methylated metabolite of normetanephrine. In humans, vanylglycol is involved in the metabolic disorder called tyrosinemia in newborns. Alcohol consumption increases the level of vanylglycol in urine and CSF. Vanylglycol is found normally in urine, in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Outside of the human body, vanylglycol has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as blackcurrants, chinese bayberries, elderberries, oriental wheats, and poppies.
1,3-Dichloropropene
1,3-Dichloropropene, also known as Telone or simply 1,3-D, is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell. It exists as a mixture of the geometric isomers cis-1,3-dichloropropene and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. It dissolves in water and evaporates easily. It is used mainly in farming as a pesticide, specifically as a preplant fumigant and nematicide. It widely used in the US and other countries, but in the process of being phased out in the European Union. [HMDB] 1,3-Dichloropropene, also known as Telone or simply 1,3-D, is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell. It exists as a mixture of the geometric isomers cis-1,3-dichloropropene and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. It dissolves in water and evaporates easily. It is used mainly in farming as a pesticide, specifically as a preplant fumigant and nematicide. It widely used in the US and other countries, but in the process of being phased out in the European Union. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Clavulanate
Clavulanic acid and its salts and esters. The acid is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase. [PubChem]. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D065093 - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002969 - Clavulanic Acids D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C2140 - Adjuvant > C183118 - Beta-lactamase Inhibitor It is used as a food additive . D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Aztreonam
Aztreonam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. [PubChem]The bactericidal action of aztreonam results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis due to a high affinity of aztreonam for penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). By binding to PBP3, aztreonam inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. It is possible that aztreonam interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DF - Monobactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Carbenicillin
Carbenicillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function. [PubChem]Free carbenicillin is the predominant pharmacologically active fraction of the salt. Carbenicillin exerts its antibacterial activity by interference with final cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that carbenicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cefotaxime
Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to ceftriaxone in terms of safety and efficacy. Cefotaxime sodium is marketed under various trade names including Claforan (Sanofi-Aventis). J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cefoxitin
Cefoxitin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum cepha antibiotic for intravenous administration. It is derived from cephamycin C, which is produced by Streptomyces lactamdurans.The bactericidal action of cefoxitin results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
OCTAMETHYLTRISILOXANE
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials
Succimer
Succimer is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them. [PubChem]Succimer is a heavy metal chelator. It binds with high specificity to ions of lead in the blood to form a water-soluble complex that is subsequently excreted by the kidneys. Succimer can also chelate mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in this manner. D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes
Gentamicin
A complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1(subA), obtained from Micromonospora purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit protein synthesis (genetic translation). [PubChem] D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D005839 - Gentamicins S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Cefalotin
Cefalotin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cephalosporin antibiotic.The bactericidal activity of cefalotin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The PBPs are transpeptidases which are vital in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, their inhibition prevents this vital cell wall compenent from being properly synthesized. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cefepime
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. Cefepime has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents. Cefepime is usually reserved to treat severe nosocomial pneumonia, infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DE - Fourth-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cefpodoxime
Cefpodoxime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is active against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It is commonly used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug which is absorbed and de-esterified by the intestinal mucosa to Cefpodoxime. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Dimethyldisulfide
Dimethyldisulfide is a volatile organic compound. Methyl disulfide is occasionally found as a volatile component of normal human breath and biofluids. Dimethyldisulfide is one of the representative volatile components found in oral malodor. Dimethyldisulfide concentrations in breath is a practical noninvasive way to assess recent exposure to sulfur compounds in sulfate pulp mills, and therefore it should be applicable to workplaces contaminated. (PMID: 5556886, 14691119, 11236158, 8481097). Isolated from garlic oil (Allium sativum), also in onion (Allium cepa), ramsons (Allium ursinum), morello cherry, melon, pineapple, strawberry, wheat bread, cocoa, roasted barley, roasted filberts, roasted peanuts, crispbread, American potato chips, soybean and other foodstuffs. Flavouring ingredient.
Imipenem
Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with cilastatin, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor. [PubChem] D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Temik
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
cefsulodin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D07653
4-Nitrotoluene
P-nitrotoluene appears as a yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor. Toxic. Insoluble in water. Combustible but may take some effort to ignite. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. In a spill, immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater or nearby streams. Used to make other chemicals. 4-Nitrotoluene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H7NO2. It is a yellowish liquid or solid, depending on the temperature, and has a characteristic aromatic odor. This compound is primarily used in industrial applications, such as in the production of dyes, pesticides, and other chemicals. In terms of its toxicity to humans: Acute Toxicity: 4-Nitrotoluene can enter the body through inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Acute exposure can lead to irritation of the eyes and skin, headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and liver damage. Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged exposure to 4-nitrotoluene can result in more severe health issues, including damage to the liver and kidneys, effects on the central nervous system, and a potential risk of cancer. Environmental and Health Impact: 4-Nitrotoluene can be found in water and soil, posing a risk to aquatic life. It can also accumulate in the food chain. Due to its toxicity and potential health risks, 4-nitrotoluene is typically subject to strict control and regulation, especially in industrial settings. Appropriate safety measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment and following safe operating procedures, are necessary when handling this chemical.
Trabectedin
Trabectedin, also referred as ET-743 during its development, is a marine derived antitumoral agent discovered in the Carribean tunicate _Ecteinascidia turbinata_ and now produced synthetically. Trabectedin has a unique mechanism of action. It binds to the minor groove of DNA interfering with cell division and genetic transcription processes and DNA repair machinery. It is approved for use in Europe, Russia and South Korea for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma refractory to or unsuitable to receive anthracycline or ifosfamide chemotherapy. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Jaspamide
A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals
flumequine
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8533 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3642
anisodamine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Tropane alkaloids Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine), a belladonna alkaloid, is a non-subtype-selective muscarinic, and also a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist. Anisodamine employs in traditional Chinese medicine for many ailments, mainly to improve the microcirculation in states of shock, and also in organophosphate poisoning[1][2]. Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine), a belladonna alkaloid, is a non-subtype-selective muscarinic, and also a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist. Anisodamine employs in traditional Chinese medicine for many ailments, mainly to improve the microcirculation in states of shock, and also in organophosphate poisoning[1][2]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1].
Clavulanate
Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D065093 - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002969 - Clavulanic Acids D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C2140 - Adjuvant > C183118 - Beta-lactamase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Piperacillin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Same as: D08380 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS KEIO_ID P039
Forchlorfenuron
Forchlorfenuron is a member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size. It has a role as a plant growth regulator. It is a member of phenylureas and a monochloropyridine. Forchlorfenuron is a diphenylurea-derivative cytokinin growth stimulating substance used as plant growth regulator (PGR) to enhance fruit set, size and increase yields. It is absorbed by most plant parts and acts synergistically with natural auxins to promote cell division and growth. It has been approved for use on kiwi fruit and grapes in the USA, and it has been associated with exploding watermelons in China. Forchlorfenuronis is commonly used in horticulture to stimulate the growth of kiwi fruit and grapes. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators Forchlorfenuron is plant growth regulator and cytokinin; can be used to increase fruit size of fruits, such as kiwi fruit and grapes.
Flumequine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. Flumequine is a 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. The molecular formula is C14H12FNO3 It is a white powder, odorless, flavorless, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent. Flumequine is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class used to treat bacterial infections. It is a first-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial that has been removed from clinical use and is no longer being marketed. It kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to unwind and duplicate. Flumequine was used in veterinarian medicine for the treatment of enteric infections (all infections of the intestinal tract), as well as to treat cattle, swine, chickens, and fish, but only in a limited number of countries. It was occasionally used in France (and a few other European Countries) to treat urinary tract infections under the trade name Apurone. However this was a limited indication because only minimal serum levels were achieved. The first quinolone used was nalidixic acid (was marketed in many countries as Negram) followed by the fluoroquinolone flumequine. The first-generation fluoroquinolone agents, such as flumequine, had poor distribution into the body tissues and limited activity. As such they were used mainly for treatment of urinary tract infections. Flumequine (benzo quinolizine) was first patented in 1973, (German Patent) by Rikker Labs. Flumequine is a known antimicrobial compound described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,131 (Example 3), July 22, 1975. Flumequine is the first quinolone compound with a fluorine atom at the C6-position of the related quinolone basic molecular structure. Even though this was the first fluoroquinolone, it is oftentimes overlooked when classifying the drugs within this class by generations and excluded from such a list. There continues to be considerable debate as to whether or not this DNA damage is to be considered one of the mechanisms of action concerning the severe adverse reactions experienced by some patients following fluoroquinolone therapy. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Amsacrine
Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects. [PubChem] C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D007364 - Intercalating Agents L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Digitonin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D004071 - Digitalis Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents Digitonin, a glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, could increase cell permeability by binding to cholesterol molecules and reduce tumor growth[1]. Digitonin is an natural detergent[2]. Digitonin, a glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, could increase cell permeability by binding to cholesterol molecules and reduce tumor growth[1]. Digitonin is an natural detergent[2].
Monensin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents D007476 - Ionophores > D061209 - Proton Ionophores D007476 - Ionophores > D061210 - Sodium Ionophores D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Epitetracycline
Sanclomycine, also known as achromycin or 4 epitetracycline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracyclines. These are polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups. Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Sanclomycine. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Epitetracycline is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Epitetracycline is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Epitetracycline hydrochloride. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23313-80-6 (retrieved 2024-10-30) (CAS RN: 23313-80-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
4alpha-Phorbol
5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,3-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-7-[[(2Z)-2-furanyl(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-, (6R,7R)-
Verbascoside
Anisodamine
6-Hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate is a natural product found in Hyoscyamus niger with data available. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Anisodamine has been investigated for the treatment of Intestinal Diseases. 6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine is a natural product found in Duboisia myoporoides, Anisodus tanguticus, and Hyoscyamus albus with data available. Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine), a belladonna alkaloid, is a non-subtype-selective muscarinic, and also a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist. Anisodamine employs in traditional Chinese medicine for many ailments, mainly to improve the microcirculation in states of shock, and also in organophosphate poisoning[1][2]. Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine), a belladonna alkaloid, is a non-subtype-selective muscarinic, and also a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist. Anisodamine employs in traditional Chinese medicine for many ailments, mainly to improve the microcirculation in states of shock, and also in organophosphate poisoning[1][2]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1]. Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control[1].
1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid is an alkyl caffeate ester obtained by the formal condensation of hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 of ()-quinic acid with two molecules of trans-caffeic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a quinic acid and an alkyl caffeate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,3-dicaffeoylquinate. Cynarine is a natural product found in Saussurea involucrata, Helichrysum italicum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and fennel. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon. Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. (Wikipedia An alkyl caffeate ester obtained by the formal condensation of hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 of ()-quinic acid with two molecules of trans-caffeic acid. C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
Asiatic Acid
Esculentic acid (diplazium) is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Esculentic acid (diplazium) is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Esculentic acid (diplazium) can be found in green vegetables, which makes esculentic acid (diplazium) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.377 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.378 Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2]. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2].
ofloxacin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CASMI2013 Challenge_16 MS2 data, retention time = 3.7 min CASMI2013 Challenge_16 MS1 data, retention time = 3.7 min
clozapine
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AH - Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist > C94726 - 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018756 - GABA Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8610 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1600 Clozapine (HF 1854) is an antipsychotic used for the research of schizophrenia. Clozapine has high affinity for a number of neuroreceptors. Clozapine is a potent antagonist of dopamine D2 with a Ki of 75 nM. Clozapine inhibits the muscarinic M1 receptor and serotonin 5HT2A receptor with Kis of 9.5 nM and 4 nM, respectively[1][2][3]. Clozapine is also a potent and selective agonist at the muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM)[4].
Sterigmatocystin
An organic heteropentacyclic compound whose skeleton comprises a xanthene ring system ortho-fused to a dihydrofuranofuran moiety. The parent of the class of sterigmatocystins. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
sulfamethoxazole
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EC - Intermediate-acting sulfonamides An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu); Flow Injection CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2343 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8563 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1018
ciprofloxacin
A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1026 Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4]. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4].
Amoxicillin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Constituent of Panax notoginseng (sanchi). Notoginsenoside J is found in tea. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N_Amoxicillin_STSL_0201_Amoxicillin Trihydrate_2000fmol_180831_S2_L02M02_41; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3083
Ceftazidime
A cephalosporin bearing pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and {[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3238
Oxytetracycline
A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use > D06AA - Tetracycline and derivatives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.486 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.490 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3610 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3610; CONFIDENCE standard compound Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity[1][2][3].
Ampicillin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.411 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3661 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3661; CONFIDENCE standard compound
Boldine
Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (s)-boldine is a member of the class of compounds known as aporphines. Aporphines are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system or a dehydrogenated derivative thereof (s)-boldine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-boldine can be found in sweet bay, which makes (s)-boldine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H21NO4; Bottle Name:Boldine hydrochloride; PRIME Parent Name:Boldine; PRIME in-house No.:V0322; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.487 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.480 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.482 IPB_RECORD: 841; CONFIDENCE confident structure Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].
4-Methylumbelliferylglucuronide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.488 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2121; CONFIDENCE confident structure
kanamycin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Origin: Microbe, Glycosides, Aminoglycosides KEIO_ID K002; [MS2] KO009014 KEIO_ID K002
chloramphenicol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AF - Antiinfectives for treatment of acne An organochlorine compound that is dichloro-substituted acetamide containing a nitrobenzene ring, an amide bond and two alcohol functions. D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01B - Amphenicols > J01BA - Amphenicols S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3461; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3459 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3476; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3473 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3449; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3445 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3469; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3467 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3457; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3455 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 662; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3458; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3457 Origin: Microbe, Propylene glycols, Nitrobenzenes CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2306 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8318 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.577 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.575 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.573 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4073
Trimethioprim
Trimethoprim. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=738-70-5 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 738-70-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
streptomycin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials > J01GA - Streptomycins C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Tetracycline
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use > D06AA - Tetracycline and derivatives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu)
sulfisoxazole
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01E - Sulfonamides and trimethoprim > J01EB - Short-acting sulfonamides S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AB - Sulfonamides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C29739 - Sulfonamide Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides Sulfisoxazole (Sulfafurazole) is an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 0.60 μM and 22 μM against endothelin receptor A and endothelin receptor B, respectively. Sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent with an oxazole substituent. Sulfisoxazole inhibits breast cancer exosome release by targeting endothelin receptor A[1][2].
Nalidixic acid
A monocarboxylic acid comprising 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one substituted by carboxylic acid, ethyl and methyl groups at positions 3, 1, and 7, respectively. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Nalidixic acid, a quinolone antibiotic, is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nalidixic acid acts in a bacteriostatic manner in lower concentrations and is bactericidal in higher concentrations. Nalidixic acid inhibits a subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria[1]. Nalidixic acid, a quinolone antibiotic, is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nalidixic acid acts in a bacteriostatic manner in lower concentrations and is bactericidal in higher concentrations. Nalidixic acid inhibits a subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria[1].
Hydroquinone
A benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. Hydroquinone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=123-31-9 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 123-31-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Lignoceric acid
A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].
Behenic acid
A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.
(E)-Cefixime
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C61101 - Glycopeptide Antibiotic C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Etomidate
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
Amikacin
D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
Ritalin
N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Ceftriaxone
A cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
cefotaxime
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
cefuroxime
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Nitrofurantoin
An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a (5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01X - Other antibacterials > J01XE - Nitrofuran derivatives C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2361
Azulene
One micro litter of the liquid sample was dropped in a 10 mL glass vial. The vial was placed under the DART ion source.; Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a method of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Protons, H+, generated by glow discharge ionization of the He gas in the ionization chamber, DART-SVP (IonSense Inc., MA, USA), were major reactant ions for the chemical ionization of samples.; The interface introducing the product ions to the mass spectrometer was Vapur Interface (AMR. Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The pressure in the interface was 710 Torr (96.3 kPa).; 1 mg of azulene was placed on glass capillary. The capillary was placed in the gas flow that ran from the ion source.; Azulene was purchased from TCI A0634.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].
Novobiocin
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Origin: Microbe, Coumarins Novobiocin (Albamycin) is a potent and orally active antibiotic. Novobiocin also is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist. Novobiocin has the potential for the research of highly beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal infections. Novobiocin shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity[1][2][3][4][6].
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4527; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4526 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4487 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4509; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4507 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4540 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4535; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4534
Acetylcholine
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Cephalosporin C
A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
Cephalexin
A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
PROPICONAZOLE
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent
gentamicin
D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D005839 - Gentamicins S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic
RIVASTIGMINE
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06D - Anti-dementia drugs > N06DA - Anticholinesterases D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin IV
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
aldicarb
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
Behensaeure
Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.
557-59-5
Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].
azulen
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3]. Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].
4-HPA
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1]. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1].
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. Its physiological and pharmacological effects, metabolism, release, and receptors have been well documented in several species. ACh has been considered an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the carotid body (CB). Various nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors are present in both afferent nerve endings and glomus cells. Therefore, ACh can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane depending on the available receptor type in the vicinity. Binding of ACh to its receptor can create a wide variety of cellular responses including opening cation channels (nicotinic ACh receptor activation), releasing Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites (via muscarinic ACh receptors), and modulating activities of K+ and Ca2+ channels. Interactions between ACh and other neurotransmitters (dopamine, adenosine, nitric oxide) have been known, and they may induce complicated responses. Cholinergic biology in the CB differs among species and even within the same species due to different genetic composition. Development and environment influence cholinergic biology. Pharmacological data clearly indicate that both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these regions. Acetylcholine has been shown to increase the strength of afferent input relative to feedback, to contribute to theta rhythm oscillations, activate intrinsic mechanisms for persistent spiking, and increase the modification of synapses. These effects might enhance different types of encoding in different cortical structures. In particular, the effects in entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and hippocampus might be important for encoding new episodic memories. The role of ACh in attention has been repeatedly demonstrated in several tasks. Acetylcholine is linked to response accuracy in voluntary and reflexive attention and also to response speed in reflexive attention. It is well known that those with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders tend to be inaccurate and slow to respond. (PMID:17284361, 17011181, 15556286). Acetylcholine has been found to be a microbial product, urinary acetylcholine is produced by Lactobacillus (PMID:24621061). S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Occurs in Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherds purse) COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Asiatic
Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. It has a role as an angiogenesis modulating agent and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a triol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. From Centella asiatica and other plants; shows a variety of bioactivities. Asiatic acid is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Combretum fruticosum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of); Centella asiatica flowering top (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2]. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Asiatic acid has the potential for skin cancer treatment[1]. Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activities[2].
ARNEBIN-3
Acetylshikonin is an acetate ester and a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Acetylshikonin is a natural product found in Echium plantagineum, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and other organisms with data available. Acetylshikonin, derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has anti-cancer and antiinflammation activity. Acetylshikonin is a non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor against all P450s (IC50 values range from 1.4-4.0 μM). Acetylshikonin is an AChE inhibitor and exhibits potent antiapoptosis activity[1][2][3]. Acetylshikonin, derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has anti-cancer and antiinflammation activity. Acetylshikonin is a non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor against all P450s (IC50 values range from 1.4-4.0 μM). Acetylshikonin is an AChE inhibitor and exhibits potent antiapoptosis activity[1][2][3].
Dimethyl disulfide
An organic disulfide that is methane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a methyldisulfanyl group.
METHYL ANTHRANILATE
A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.
nitrous oxide
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
norfloxacin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AE - Fluoroquinolones D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic
Trientine
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents
Deethylatrazine
A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.
N-ethylmaleimide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D013439 - Sulfhydryl Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Carbenicillin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.
Cephalothin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DB - First-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Cefoxitin
A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DC - Second-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002513 - Cephamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Ticarcillin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
cefepime
A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DE - Fourth-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Fosfomycin
S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C255 - Urinary Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
Imipenem
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
Dihydrofolic acid
A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid.
Arbaclofen
C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1].
CEFPODOXIME
A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with methoxymethyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamino substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Given by mouth as its proxetil ester prodrug, it is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01D - Other beta-lactam antibacterials > J01DD - Third-generation cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
jasplakinolide
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals
Aerobactin
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents
Chlorocresol
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides Same as: D03468
metolachlor
D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene
4-Nitrotoluene, being a volatile organic compound, can potentially penetrate the skin epidermis under certain conditions. The skin is a complex barrier that can prevent many substances from entering the body, but it is not impervious to all chemicals, especially those that are small, lipophilic (fat-soluble), and volatile. The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, consists of several sub-layers, including the stratum corneum, which is the primary barrier to external agents. Substances can pass through the skin via two main routes: transcellular (through the cells) and intercellular (between the cells). The efficiency of this penetration depends on various factors, such as the concentration of the compound, the duration of exposure, the condition of the skin (e.g., damaged or intact), and the chemical's properties. In the case of 4-nitrotoluene, if there is direct contact with the skin, especially in liquid or high vapor concentration forms, it could potentially penetration through the skin layers. This is particularly a concern in occupational settings where workers might be exposed to this compound without adequate protection. To minimize the risk of skin absorption, it is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and aprons, when handling 4-nitrotoluene or any other potentially hazardous chemicals. In case of skin contact, it is important to wash the affected area immediately with soap and water and seek medical attention if necessary.
2-Anthramine
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
