clozapine (BioDeep_00000275491)

Main id: BioDeep_00000001449

 

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


Clozapine (Clozaril)

化学式: C18H19ClN4 (326.1298164)
中文名称: 氯氮平
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN(C4)CCN(C4)C(=N1)c(c3)c(ccc3)Nc(c2)c(cc(Cl)c2)1
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H19ClN4/c1-22-8-10-23(11-9-22)18-14-4-2-3-5-15(14)20-16-7-6-13(19)12-17(16)21-18/h2-7,12,20H,8-11H2,1H3

描述信息

N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AH - Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist > C94726 - 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018756 - GABA Antagonists
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8610
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1600
Clozapine (HF 1854) is an antipsychotic used for the research of schizophrenia. Clozapine has high affinity for a number of neuroreceptors. Clozapine is a potent antagonist of dopamine D2 with a Ki of 75 nM. Clozapine inhibits the muscarinic M1 receptor and serotonin 5HT2A receptor with Kis of 9.5 nM and 4 nM, respectively[1][2][3]. Clozapine is also a potent and selective agonist at the muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM)[4].

同义名列表

3 个代谢物同义名

clozapine; Clozapine (Clozaril); HF 1854



数据库引用编号

31 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

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代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Karin Fehsel, Marie-Luise Bouvier, Loredana Capobianco, Paola Lunetti, Bianca Klein, Marko Oldiges, Marc Majora, Stefan Löffler. Neuroreceptor Inhibition by Clozapine Triggers Mitohormesis and Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Blood Cells. Cells. 2024 Apr; 13(9):. doi: 10.3390/cells13090762. [PMID: 38727298]
  • Kristen Ward, Leslie Citrome. Tolerability and safety outcomes of first-line oral second-generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. Expert opinion on drug safety. 2024 Apr; 23(4):399-409. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2328812. [PMID: 38467517]
  • Yuying Chen, Qingwei He, Huangjie Lu, Jie Yang, Jiongming Han, Ying Zhu, Ping Hu. Visualization and correlation of drug release of risperidone/clozapine microspheres in vitro and in vivo based on FRET mechanism. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar; 653(?):123885. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123885. [PMID: 38325621]
  • Qingquan Sun, Yan Wang, Liyan Hou, Sheng Li, Jau-Shyong Hong, Qingshan Wang, Jie Zhao. Clozapine-N-oxide protects dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity by preventing ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Free radical biology & medicine. 2024 02; 212(?):384-402. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.045. [PMID: 38182072]
  • Karin Fehsel, Marie-Luise Bouvier. Sex-Specific Effects of Long-Term Antipsychotic Drug Treatment on Adipocyte Tissue and the Crosstalk to Liver and Brain in Rats. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024 Feb; 25(4):. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042188. [PMID: 38396865]
  • Giulia Blandino, Mara Fiorani, Barbara Canonico, Rita De Matteis, Andrea Guidarelli, Mariele Montanari, Gloria Buffi, Lucia Coppo, Elias S J Arnér, Orazio Cantoni. Clozapine suppresses NADPH oxidase activation, counteracts cytosolic H2O2, and triggers early onset mitochondrial dysfunction during adipogenesis of human liposarcoma SW872 cells. Redox biology. 2023 11; 67(?):102915. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102915. [PMID: 37866162]
  • Hao-Jun Lei, Xin-Rong Wei, Li-Xia Li, Wei-Jun Sun, Hong-Xing Chen, Dan Li, Lingtian Xie. Evaluation of the toxicity of clozapine on the freshwater diatom Navicula sp. using the FTIR spectroscopy. Chemosphere. 2023 Oct; 337(?):139301. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139301. [PMID: 37379982]
  • Marianna Piras, Jihane Chahma, Setareh Ranjbar, Nermine Laaboub, Claire Grosu, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Armin von Gunten, Philippe Conus, Chin Bin Eap. Is Clozapine-induced Weight Gain Dose-dependent? Results From a Prospective Cohort Study. Schizophrenia bulletin. 2023 07; 49(4):944-952. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbad009. [PMID: 36841954]
  • Pelumi Samuel Akinola, Isabelle Tardif, Jacinthe Leclerc. Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2023 Jun; ?(?):. doi: 10.1089/met.2023.0003. [PMID: 37347965]
  • Marie Reeberg Sass, Andreas Aalkjær Danielsen, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Heidi Storgaard, Filip K Knop, Mette Ødegaard Nielsen, Anders Mikael Sjödin, Ole Mors, Christoph U Correll, Claus Ekstrøm, Maj Vinberg, Jimmi Nielsen, Tina Vilsbøll, Anders Fink-Jensen. Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on metabolic disturbances in clozapine-treated or olanzapine-treated patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: study protocol of a placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (SemaPsychiatry). BMJ open. 2023 01; 13(1):e068652. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068652. [PMID: 36720576]
  • Kun Zhang, Shengwei Wu, Youtian Wang, Yufang Zhou, Jianxiong Guo, Aixiang Xiao, Junrong Ye, Baofeng Wu, Shuyun Li, Fujian Zhu, Zezhi Li, Lin Yu. Histidine Metabolic Pathway Contributes to Clozapine-Induced Sialorrhea Based on Nontargeted Metabolomics. Neuropsychobiology. 2023; 82(5):271-286. doi: 10.1159/000528807. [PMID: 37640020]
  • Mariana Alves Soares, André Luiz A Costa, Natália L C Silva, Aline França Martins, Daiane Oliveira Matias, Olga M O Araujo, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Christina Maeda Takiya, Ana Luisa P Miranda, Leandro Miranda-Alves, Jorge L M Tributino. Atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and clozapine increase bone loss in female rats with experimental periodontitis. Journal of periodontal research. 2022 Dec; ?(?):. doi: 10.1111/jre.13090. [PMID: 36575324]
  • Alma C Castañeda-Leautaud, Abraham Vidal-Limon, Sergio A Aguila. Molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of clozapine bound to D2 and H1 receptors reveal a cardiometabolic mitigated derivative. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics. 2022 Nov; ?(?):1-13. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148748. [PMID: 36416566]
  • Xinyao Liu, Sitong Feng, Zhengtian Feng, Chao Ma, Yi He, Xue Li, Yanzhe Ning, Zuoli Sun, Hongxiao Jia. Protective Effects of Shi-Zhen-An-Shen Decoction on the Cognitive Impairment in MK801-Induced Schizophrenia Model. Journal of integrative neuroscience. 2022 Sep; 21(6):164. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2106164. [PMID: 36424738]
  • Yue Feng Quek, Yuen Mei See, Jie Yin Yee, Gurpreet Rekhi, Boon Tat Ng, Charmaine Tang, Jimmy Lee. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk between clozapine and non-clozapine antipsychotic users with schizophrenia. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2022 Aug; 74(?):103192. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103192. [PMID: 35751958]
  • Shuli Lim, Emily Liew, Amy Leo, Boon Tat Ng, Jimmy Lee. Haematological changes and adverse events associated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients receiving clozapine-Findings from an audit. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2022 Aug; 146(2):179-181. doi: 10.1111/acps.13443. [PMID: 35582980]
  • Selene R T Veerman, Timo Moscou, Jan P A M Bogers, Dan Cohen, Peter F J Schulte. Clozapine and COVID-19 Vaccination: Effects on blood levels and leukocytes. An observational cohort study. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2022 Aug; 146(2):168-178. doi: 10.1111/acps.13428. [PMID: 35322409]
  • Adebola Oluwabusayo Adetiloye, Wael Abdelmottaleb, Mirza Fawad Ahmed, Ana Maria Victoria, Mustafa Bilal Ozbay, Julio C Valencia Manrique, Rasha Alaameri, Olurotimi Badero, Savi Mushiyev. Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis in a Young Man with Refractory Schizophrenia: Case Report of a Rare Adverse Event and Review of the Literature. The American journal of case reports. 2022 Jul; 23(?):e936306. doi: 10.12659/ajcr.936306. [PMID: 35793273]
  • Joseph H Friedman, Dylan Hershkowitz. Clozapine Use in a Movement Disorder Clinic. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2022 Jul; 45(4):95-98. doi: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000510. [PMID: 35696620]
  • Roya Ahangari, Saleh Khezri, Asal Jahedsani, Saba Bakhshii, Ahmad Salimi. Ellagic acid alleviates clozapine‑induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Drug and chemical toxicology. 2022 Jul; 45(4):1625-1633. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1850758. [PMID: 33222529]
  • Robert James Flanagan, Samora Hunter, Stephen John Obee, Suzanne Reeves. Plasma Clozapine and Norclozapine After Use of Either Crushed Tablets or Suspension Compared With Tablets. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2022 Jul; 42(4):400-404. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001560. [PMID: 35652731]
  • Jessica L Dawson, Scott R Clark, Lisa R Wilton, Kim Y Chiew, Nicholas G Procter, J Simon Bell. Clozapine, mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and drug-induced myocarditis. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. 2022 07; 56(7):879. doi: 10.1177/00048674211062135. [PMID: 34847749]
  • Juanjuan Ren, Yan Chen, Xinyu Fang, Dandan Wang, YeWei Wang, LingFang Yu, Zenan Wu, Ruimei Liu, Chen Zhang. Correlation of Orexin-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Neuroscience letters. 2022 06; 782(?):136695. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136695. [PMID: 35618081]
  • Pasindu Wickramarachchi, Jessica M Boyd, Dennis J Orton. Biological variation in clozapine and metabolite reporting during therapeutic drug monitoring. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2022 Jun; 531(?):183-187. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.005. [PMID: 35398248]
  • Tomoyuki Imai, Sho Ochiai, Takehiro Ishimaru, Hayato Daitoku, Yusuke Miyagawa, Ryuji Fukuhara, Shuken Boku, Minoru Takebayashi. A case report: Clozapine-induced leukopenia and neutropenia after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Neuropsychopharmacology reports. 2022 06; 42(2):238-240. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12238. [PMID: 35166466]
  • K N Roy Chengappa, Jane Thomas, Charles E Kahn, Kimberly Clinebell, Kelly K Mullen, Lori Arbutiski, Emil Ivanov. COVID-19 infection, fluctuations in the clozapine/norclozapine levels and metabolic ratio and clozapine toxicity: An illustrative case-report. Schizophrenia research. 2022 Jun; 244(?):66-68. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.009. [PMID: 35605549]
  • Marco Møller, Simon Fredholm, Mathias E Jensen, Gitta Wörtwein, Julie R Larsen, Tina Vilsbøll, Niels Ødum, Anders Fink-Jensen. Proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with prediabetes in patients with schizophrenia. CNS spectrums. 2022 06; 27(3):347-354. doi: 10.1017/s1092852920002217. [PMID: 33308348]
  • Manabu Takaki, Yuji Yada, Shinji Sakamoto, Masaki Fujiwara, Yuko Okahisa, Norihito Yamada. A Decrease of Neutrophils After COVID-19 Vaccination in a Treatment-Resistant Patient With Schizophrenia Taking Clozapine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2022 May; 42(3):324-325. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001527. [PMID: 35149611]
  • Deepak K Sarpal, Annie Blazer, James D Wilson, Finnegan J Calabro, William Foran, Charles E Kahn, Beatriz Luna, K N Roy Chengappa. Relationship between plasma clozapine/N-desmethylclozapine and changes in basal forebrain-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coupling in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research. 2022 05; 243(?):170-177. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.014. [PMID: 35381515]
  • Christian Knöchel, Gudrun Hefner, Thomas Stiehl, Walter Schmidbauer. Elevated Clozapine Blood Concentrations After Second COVID-19 Vaccination With Spikevax (COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna). Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2022 May; 42(3):317-320. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001522. [PMID: 35091524]
  • Ronald J Gurrera, Priya F Gearin, Jonathan Love, Kevin J Li, Ashley Xu, Faith H Donaghey, Matthew R Gerace. Recognition and management of clozapine adverse effects: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2022 05; 145(5):423-441. doi: 10.1111/acps.13406. [PMID: 35178700]
  • Jose de Leon. Precision psychiatry: The complexity of personalizing antipsychotic dosing. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 05; 58(?):80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.03.001. [PMID: 35314415]
  • Estela Sangüesa, Christine Cirujeda, Julia Concha, Pedro Pablo Padilla, Cristina Belén García, María Pilar Ribate. Exploring the usefulness of plasma level determination and pharmacogenetics for patients treated with clozapine. Personalized medicine. 2022 05; 19(3):181-192. doi: 10.2217/pme-2021-0029. [PMID: 35259926]
  • Ahmed Hassab Errasoul, Mohammed A Alarabi. Factors predicting serum clozapine levels in Middle Eastern patients: an observational study. BMC psychiatry. 2022 04; 22(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03910-6. [PMID: 35428222]
  • Masaru Tsukahara, Ryuhei So, Yuji Yada, Masafumi Kodama, Yoshiki Kishi, Norihito Yamada. Changes in Plasma Clozapine Levels after Smoking Cessation in Japanese Inpatients with Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Acta medica Okayama. 2022 Apr; 76(2):137-143. doi: 10.18926/amo/63407. [PMID: 35503441]
  • Robert O Cotes, A Umair Janjua, Beth Broussard, David Lazris, Ayesha Khan, Yunshen Jiao, Sarah L Kopelovich, David R Goldsmith. A Comparison of Attitudes, Comfort, and Knowledge of Clozapine Among Two Diverse Samples of US Psychiatrists. Community mental health journal. 2022 04; 58(3):517-525. doi: 10.1007/s10597-021-00847-0. [PMID: 34052963]
  • Xiaoping Yuan, Song Wang, Yudong Shi, Yating Yang, Yulong Zhang, Lei Xia, Kai Zhang, Huanzhong Liu. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in female patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Psychopharmacology. 2022 Mar; 239(3):765-771. doi: 10.1007/s00213-022-06067-y. [PMID: 35080634]
  • Kohei Kitagawa, Ryuhei So, Nobuyuki Nomura, Masaru Tsukahara, Fuminari Misawa, Masafumi Kodama, Hiroyuki Uchida, Robert Bies, Thomas Straubinger, Christopher Banker, Yuya Mizuno, Masaru Mimura, Hiroyoshi Takeuchi. Clozapine Once-Daily Versus Divided Dosing Regimen: A Cross-sectional Study in Japan. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2022 Mar; 42(2):163-168. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001492. [PMID: 34879387]
  • Risha Govind, Daniela Fonseca de Freitas, Megan Pritchard, Mizanur Khondoker, James T Teo, Robert Stewart, Richard D Hayes, James H MacCabe. COVID-related hospitalization, intensive care treatment, and all-cause mortality in patients with psychosis and treated with clozapine. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 03; 56(?):92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.007. [PMID: 35152033]
  • Jose de Leon, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Robert L Smith, Espen Molden, Anssi Solismaa, Niko Seppälä, Miloslav Kopeček, Patrik Švancer, Ismael Olmos, Carina Ricciardi, Celso Iglesias-Garcia, Ana Iglesias-Alonso, Edoardo Spina, Can-Jun Ruan, Chuan-Yue Wang, Gang Wang, Yi-Lang Tang, Shih-Ku Lin, Hsien-Yuan Lane, Yong Sik Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Anto P Rajkumar, Dinora F González-Esquivel, Helgi Jung-Cook, Trino Baptista, Christopher Rohde, Jimmi Nielsen, Hélène Verdoux, Clelia Quiles, Emilio J Sanz, Carlos De Las Cuevas, Dan Cohen, Peter F J Schulte, Aygün Ertuğrul, A Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu, Nitin Chopra, Betsy McCollum, Charles Shelton, Robert O Cotes, Arun R Kaithi, John M Kane, Saeed Farooq, Chee H Ng, John Bilbily, Christoph Hiemke, Carlos López-Jaramillo, Ian McGrane, Fernando Lana, Chin B Eap, Manuel Arrojo-Romero, Flavian Ş Rădulescu, Erich Seifritz, Susanna Every-Palmer, Chad A Bousman, Emmanuel Bebawi, Rahul Bhattacharya, Deanna L Kelly, Yuji Otsuka, Judit Lazary, Rafael Torres, Agustin Yecora, Mariano Motuca, Sherry K W Chan, Monica Zolezzi, Sami Ouanes, Domenico De Berardis, Sandeep Grover, Ric M Procyshyn, Richard A Adebayo, Oleg O Kirilochev, Andrey Soloviev, Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Alina Wilkowska, Wiesław J Cubała, Muhammad Ayub, Alzira Silva, Raphael M Bonelli, José M Villagrán-Moreno, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Henk Temmingh, Eric Decloedt, Maria R Pedro, Hiroyoshi Takeuchi, Masaru Tsukahara, Gerhard Gründer, Marina Sagud, Andreja Celofiga, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic, Bruno B Ortiz, Helio Elkis, António J Pacheco Palha, Adrián LLerena, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Dan Siskind, Abraham Weizman, Rim Masmoudi, Shamin Mohd Saffian, Jonathan G Leung, Peter F Buckley, Stephen R Marder, Leslie Citrome, Oliver Freudenreich, Christoph U Correll, Daniel J Müller. An International Adult Guideline for Making Clozapine Titration Safer by Using Six Ancestry-Based Personalized Dosing Titrations, CRP, and Clozapine Levels. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2022 Mar; 55(2):73-86. doi: 10.1055/a-1625-6388. [PMID: 34911124]
  • Eliana Carniel, Karen Adams Dos Santos, Lucas de Andrade de Lima, Ramona Kohlrausch, Rafael Linden, Marina Venzon Antunes. Determination of clozapine and norclozapine in dried plasma spot and dried blood spot by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2022 Feb; 210(?):114591. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114591. [PMID: 35033943]
  • Naomi T Jessurun, Hieronymus J Derijks, Rob J van Marum, Amy Jongkind, Eline L Giraud, Eugène P van Puijenbroek, Koen P Grootens. Body weight gain in clozapine-treated patients: Is norclozapine the culprit?. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2022 02; 88(2):853-857. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14992. [PMID: 34355423]
  • Maria Sagué-Vilavella, Hugo López-Pelayo, Néstor Arbelo, Mercè Cámara, Susana Gomes, Santiago Madero, Maria Teresa Pons-Cabrera, Luis Pintor. Clozapine toxicity and coronavirus disease 2019: A case report. Schizophrenia research. 2022 02; 240(?):184-185. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.008. [PMID: 35030448]
  • Xavier Boland, Luiz Dratcu. First Use of Clozapine Point of Care Testing in Acute Inpatient Psychiatry: Preliminary Report. Journal of psychiatric practice. 2022 01; 28(1):62-66. doi: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000608. [PMID: 34989347]
  • Anna Ohlis, Alma Sörberg Wallin, Anna Sarafis, Hugo Sjöqvist, James H MacCabe, Johan Ahlen, Christina Dalman. Clozapine treatment and risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2022 01; 145(1):79-85. doi: 10.1111/acps.13379. [PMID: 34676888]
  • Robert Løvsletten Smith, Birgit M Wollmann, Lennart Kyllesø, Thu Thuy Anh Tran, Marit Tveito, Espen Molden. Effect of Valproic Acid on the Metabolic Spectrum of Clozapine in Patients With Schizophrenia. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2022 Jan; 42(1):43-50. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001507. [PMID: 34928560]
  • Amina Aissa, Rahma Jouini, Uta Ouali, Yosra Zgueb, Fethi Nacef, Zouhaier El Hechmi. Clinical predictors of response to clozapine in Tunisian patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2022 01; 112(?):152280. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152280. [PMID: 34763293]
  • Gábor Nadubinszky, Béla Székács, Zoltán Rihmer. [Influence of psychiatric diseases and psychiatric medication to the severity of clinical outcome of COVID-19]. Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata. 2022; 37(1):5-12. doi: NULL. [PMID: 35311693]
  • Robert Løvsletten Smith, Birgit M Wollmann, Marianne Kausberg, Sondre Mæland, Marit Tveito, Kevin O'Connell, Espen Molden, Marianne Kristiansen Kringen. Effects of a Novel UGT2B Haplotype and UGT1A4*3 Allele Variants on Glucuronidation of Clozapine In vivo. Current drug metabolism. 2022; 23(1):66-72. doi: 10.2174/1389200223666220201152953. [PMID: 35105285]
  • Selene R T Veerman, Jan P A M Bogers, Dan Cohen, Peter F J Schulte. COVID-19: Risks, Complications, and Monitoring in Patients on Clozapine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2022 Jan; 55(1):48-56. doi: 10.1055/a-1562-2521. [PMID: 34470068]
  • Swetha Uppalapati, Peter Karalis, Elizabeth Ann Cunningham. A Case of Rapid Clozapine Retitration in a Patient With COVID-19 Resulting in Acute Respiratory Demise. The primary care companion for CNS disorders. 2021 12; 23(6):. doi: 10.4088/pcc.21cr03120. [PMID: 34942062]
  • João F C Pedrazzi, Amanda J Sales, Francisco S Guimarães, Sâmia R L Joca, José A S Crippa, Elaine Del Bel. Cannabidiol prevents disruptions in sensorimotor gating induced by psychotomimetic drugs that last for 24-h with probable involvement of epigenetic changes in the ventral striatum. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2021 12; 111(?):110352. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110352. [PMID: 34015384]
  • S-H Ok, J-T Sohn. Effect of lipid emulsion on acute clozapine poisoning-induced QT prolongation. Human & experimental toxicology. 2021 12; 40(12):2237-2239. doi: 10.1177/09603271211025598. [PMID: 34137281]
  • Andrea J Stanbridge, Thomas Cranshaw, Meethu M Paul. Clozapine metabolism may be affected by Gilbert's syndrome: case report and discussion. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2021 12; 31(9):221-224. doi: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000444. [PMID: 34320604]
  • Y Fahy, B Dineen, C McDonald, B Hallahan. The impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of patients treated with clozapine. Irish journal of psychological medicine. 2021 12; 38(4):249-257. doi: 10.1017/ipm.2021.30. [PMID: 33818330]
  • Jari-Pekka Klemettilä, Anssi Solismaa, Niko Seppälä, Mari Hämäläinen, Eeva Moilanen, Esa Leinonen, Olli Kampman. Glucagon-like peptide-1 serum levels are associated with weight gain in patients treated with clozapine. Psychiatry research. 2021 12; 306(?):114227. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114227. [PMID: 34610543]
  • Csilla Lea Fazekas, Manon Bellardie, Bibiána Török, Eszter Sipos, Blanka Tóth, Mária Baranyi, Beáta Sperlágh, Mihály Dobos-Kovács, Elodie Chaillou, Dóra Zelena. Pharmacogenetic excitation of the median raphe region affects social and depressive-like behavior and core body temperature in male mice. Life sciences. 2021 Dec; 286(?):120037. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120037. [PMID: 34637795]
  • Mina Y George, Esther T Menze, Ahmed Esmat, Mariane G Tadros, Ebtehal El-Demerdash. Naringin treatment improved main clozapine-induced adverse effects in rats; emphasis on weight gain, metabolic abnormalities, and agranulocytosis. Drug development research. 2021 11; 82(7):980-989. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21800. [PMID: 33537987]
  • Ahmed T Makhlouf, Manjola U Van Alphen, Giovanna S Manzano, Oliver Freudenreich. A Seizure After COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient on Clozapine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2021 Nov; 41(6):689-690. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001488. [PMID: 34735102]
  • Masaru Nakamura, Takahiko Nagamine. Metabolic Effects of Clozapine Administration Based on Sex Differences and the Relationships Between Dosage and Prolactin Levels: An Observational Study. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2021 Nov; 44(6):205-209. doi: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000482. [PMID: 34581701]
  • Victoria de Carvalho Pereira, Douglas Zucolotto de Stefani, Arthur Gomes Oliveira Braga, Jennyfer Fernanda Rodrigues Domingues, Amilton Dos Santos-Junior, Paulo Dalgalarrondo, Cláudio E M Banzato. Severe granulocytopenia in a patient on long-term use of clozapine and with COVID-19. Psychiatry research. 2021 11; 305(?):114171. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114171. [PMID: 34433120]
  • Fitri Fareez Ramli, Adli Ali, Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim, Yusof Kamisah, Normala Ibrahim. Reduction in Absolute Neutrophil Counts in Patient on Clozapine Infected with COVID-19. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021 10; 18(21):. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111289. [PMID: 34769806]
  • Domenico De Berardis, Federica Vellante, Mauro Pettorruso, Lorenza Lucidi, Antonio Tambelli, Ilenia Di Muzio, Giulia Gianfelice, Antonio Ventriglio, Michele Fornaro, Gianluca Serafini, Maurizio Pompili, Giampaolo Perna, Silvia Fraticelli, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo di Giannantonio. Suicide and Genetic Biomarkers: Toward Personalized Tailored-treatment with Lithium and Clozapine. Current pharmaceutical design. 2021 Oct; 27(30):3293-3304. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210603143353. [PMID: 34082673]
  • Ahmed Naguy, Seshni Moodliar-Rensburg, Bibi Alamiri. A clinical conundrum: clozapine and COVID-19. Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. 2021 10; 29(5):559-560. doi: 10.1177/1039856221992647. [PMID: 33626309]
  • Jiajing Xin, Saihong Yan, Xiangsheng Hong, Huan Zhang, Jinmiao Zha. Environmentally relevant concentrations of clozapine induced lipotoxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2021 Oct; 286(?):117298. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117298. [PMID: 33964688]
  • M Aubignat. Clozapine-related immunodeficiency: Implications for Parkinson's disease psychosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revue neurologique. 2021 10; 177(8):849-851. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.05.002. [PMID: 34217512]
  • Espen Molden. Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine in adults with schizophrenia: a review of challenges and strategies. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2021 Oct; 17(10):1211-1221. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1974400. [PMID: 34461790]
  • Xuefeng Yan, Sanjay Telu, Rachel M Dick, Jeih-San Liow, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Cheryl L Morse, Lester S Manly, Robert L Gladding, Stal Shrestha, Walter Lerchner, Yuji Nagai, Takafumi Minamimoto, Sami S Zoghbi, Robert B Innis, Victor W Pike, Barry J Richmond, Mark Ag Eldridge. [11C]deschloroclozapine is an improved PET radioligand for quantifying a human muscarinic DREADD expressed in monkey brain. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2021 10; 41(10):2571-2582. doi: 10.1177/0271678x211007949. [PMID: 33853405]
  • Christoph U Correll, Oliver D Howes. Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Definition, Predictors, and Therapy Options. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2021 09; 82(5):. doi: 10.4088/jcp.my20096ah1c. [PMID: 34496461]
  • Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Shanquan Chen, Christopher Jenkins, Concha Turrion, Simon P Mitchell, David J F Dodwell, Louisa M Mann, Julia B Deakin, Zahoor H Syed, Sepehr Hafizi, Jorge Zimbron, Asha S Praseedom, Rudolf N Cardinal. The Effect of Clozapine on Self-reported Duration of Sleep and Its Interaction With 23 Other Medications: A 5-Year Naturalistic Study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2021 Sep; 41(5):534-539. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001432. [PMID: 34519455]
  • Lennart Kyllesø, Robert Løvsletten Smith, Øystein Karlstad, Ole A Andreassen, Espen Molden. Absolute and Dose-Adjusted Serum Concentrations of Clozapine in Patients Switching vs. Maintaining Treatment: An Observational Study of 1979 Patients. CNS drugs. 2021 09; 35(9):999-1008. doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00847-4. [PMID: 34417726]
  • Saba Bakhshii, Saleh Khezri, Roya Ahangari, Asal Jahedsani, Ahmad Salimi. Protection of clozapine-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by kaempferol in rat cardiomyocytes. Drug development research. 2021 09; 82(6):835-843. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21790. [PMID: 33442898]
  • Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Xie-Hai Zhou, Feng Shan, Jun Liang. Infection is associated with elevated serum concentrations of antipsychotic drugs. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2021 09; 36(5):264-267. doi: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000366. [PMID: 34030168]
  • Francesca Regen, Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma, Lisa R Otto, Vera Clemens, Lana Saksone, Janine Gellrich, Berk Uesekes, Thi Minh Tam Ta, Eric Hahn, Michael Dettling, Isabella Heuser, Julian Hellmann-Regen. Clozapine modulates retinoid homeostasis in human brain and normalizes serum retinoic acid deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Molecular psychiatry. 2021 09; 26(9):5417-5428. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0791-8. [PMID: 32488128]
  • Olaoluwa O Okusaga, Brian G Mitchell, Jared D Bernard, Annette Walder. Clozapine Is Associated With Higher COVID-19 Infection Rate in Veterans With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2021 08; 82(5):. doi: 10.4088/jcp.21br14028. [PMID: 34428355]
  • Xiding Yang, Qiangyong Yan, Lingfeng Yang, Jingjing Li, Xiao Fan, Jindong Chen, Haishan Wu, Hualin Cai, Ronghua Zhu, Pingfei Fang. Evaluation of bioequivalence between generic and brand-name clozapine in Chinese schizophrenic patients: A randomized, two-period, crossover study. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2021 Aug; 59(8):578-584. doi: 10.5414/cp203864. [PMID: 34142950]
  • Alberto Ortega-Vázquez, Yerye G Mayen-Lobo, David J Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano, Luis Tristán-López, Carlos L Aviña-Cervantes, Camilo Ríos, Marisol López-López, Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo. Alcohol intake potentiates clozapine adverse effects associated to CYP1A2*1C in patients with refractory psychosis. Drug development research. 2021 08; 82(5):685-694. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21774. [PMID: 33336447]
  • Wei Guo, Xiayun Wan, Li Ma, Jiancheng Zhang, Kenji Hashimoto. Abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota in mice after repeated administration of DREADD ligands. Brain research bulletin. 2021 08; 173(?):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.012. [PMID: 34004259]
  • İzgi Bayraktar, Nadir Yalçın, Kutay Demirkan. The potential interaction between COVID-19 vaccines and clozapine: A novel approach for clinical trials. International journal of clinical practice. 2021 Aug; 75(8):e14441. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14441. [PMID: 34289643]
  • Miloš Šunderić, Tamara Vasović, Miloš Milčić, Čedo Miljević, Olgica Nedić, Milan R Nikolić, Nikola Gligorijević. Antipsychotic clozapine binding to alpha-2-macroglobulin protects interacting partners against oxidation and preserves the anti-proteinase activity of the protein. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 Jul; 183(?):502-512. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.155. [PMID: 33930446]
  • Maria Nystazaki, Giorgos Alevizopoulos. Clozapine treatment: Ensuring ongoing monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. 2021 Jul; 32(2):165-166. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2021.005. [PMID: 33759812]
  • Toshihiro Sato, Masato Suzuka, Yuji Sato, Riko Iwabuchi, Daisuke Kobayashi, Jiro Ogura, Shinya Takasaki, Maki Yokota, Taku Tsukamoto, Yoshihiro Hayakawa, Masafumi Kikuchi, Masamitsu Maekawa, Nariyasu Mano. Development of a simultaneous analytical method for clozapine and its metabolites in human plasma using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with linear range adjusted by in-source collision-induced dissociation. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2021 Jul; 35(7):e5094. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5094. [PMID: 33599311]
  • Xinghua Liu, Heyuan Sun, Yumu Zhang, Yufei Sun, Wenyan Wang, Lixiao Xu, Wanhui Liu. Clozapine affects the pharmacokinetics of risperidone and inhibits its metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport in vivo and in vitro: A safety attention to antipsychotic polypharmacy with clozapine and risperidone. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2021 07; 422(?):115560. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115560. [PMID: 33957192]
  • Risha Govind, Daniela Fonseca de Freitas, Megan Pritchard, Richard D Hayes, James H MacCabe. Clozapine treatment and risk of COVID-19 infection: retrospective cohort study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2021 07; 219(1):368-374. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.151. [PMID: 32713374]
  • Fatma M Elgazzar, Mona S Elgohary, Sara M Basiouny, Heba I Lashin. Intravenous lipid emulsion as an adjuvant therapy of acute clozapine poisoning. Human & experimental toxicology. 2021 Jul; 40(7):1053-1063. doi: 10.1177/0960327120983873. [PMID: 33401984]
  • Geng-Ruei Chang, Hsien-Yueh Liu, Wei-Cheng Yang, Chao-Min Wang, Ching-Fen Wu, Jen-Wei Lin, Wei-Li Lin, Yu-Chen Wang, Tzu-Chun Lin, Huei-Jyuan Liao, Po-Hsun Hou, Chee-Hong Chan, Chuen-Fu Lin. Clozapine Worsens Glucose Intolerance, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Kidney Damage, and Retinal Injury and Increases Renal Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chromium Loss in Obese Mice. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Jun; 22(13):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22136680. [PMID: 34206460]
  • Ovais Wadoo, Mustafa Abdul Karim, Yassin ElTorki, Sadaf Riaz, Javed Latoo, Majid Alabdulla. Clozapine prescribing and safety during COVID-19. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2021 Jun; 60(?):102658. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102658. [PMID: 33895435]
  • Kohei Kitagawa, Shusuke Uekusa, Kazuhiro Matsuo, Kei Moriyama, Tatsuro Yamamoto, Yuji Yada, Masafumi Kodama, Yoshiki Kishi, Takashi Yoshio. Risk factors for clozapine-induced central nervous system abnormalities in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2021 Jun; 60(?):102652. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102652. [PMID: 33866283]
  • Masahiro Hata, Michiko Fujimoto, Koji Kanai, Kenji Yoshiyama, Yoshitaka Nakatani, Daiji Nakabayashi, Saki Maemura, Shinya Kawata, Takaaki Hakozaki, Shuya Nishikura, Aiko Umemoto, Toru Sasada, Kazuhiko Iwata, Hideki Tanaka, Akiko Mamoto, Yuuki Toi, Norio Taniguchi, Makiko Saito, Yoshio Kimura, Kazuko Kishimoto, Megumi Hayami, Manabu Ikeda. No adverse events were observed in clozapine-treated patients on extended hematologic monitoring intervals during the coronavirus pandemic in four psychiatric centers in Japan. Neuropsychopharmacology reports. 2021 06; 41(2):179-184. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12166. [PMID: 33606356]
  • Kouji Fukuyama, Motohiro Okada. Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics, Clozapine, Quetiapine and Brexpiprazole on Astroglial Transmission Associated with Connexin43. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 May; 22(11):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115623. [PMID: 34070699]
  • Chengfang Zhang, Xiaodan Wang, Chengping Hu, Wenhua Ding, Han Li, Meng Wu, Manji Hu, Qiang Wang, Xirong Sun. The effect of prohibiting outside food during COVID-19 pandemic on the body weight of schizophrenic patients taking olanzapine or clozapine: a retrospective self-controlled study. Annals of palliative medicine. 2021 May; 10(5):5010-5016. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-2513. [PMID: 33894724]
  • Chandrima Naskar. Understanding the effect of various factors on clozapine serum levels in Indian population. Schizophrenia research. 2021 05; 231(?):178. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.04.003. [PMID: 33866263]
  • Masaru Nakamura, Takahiko Nagamine. Prevalence and predictors of laxatives use in clozapine-related constipation: an observational study. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2021 05; 36(3):162-167. doi: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000354. [PMID: 33724255]
  • Feng Zhang, Liwen Han, Jiazhen Wang, Minglei Shu, Kechun Liu, Yun Zhang, ChungDer Hsiao, Qingping Tian, Qiuxia He. Clozapine Induced Developmental and Cardiac Toxicity on Zebrafish Embryos by Elevating Oxidative Stress. Cardiovascular toxicology. 2021 05; 21(5):399-409. doi: 10.1007/s12012-021-09632-7. [PMID: 33486714]
  • Virginie Moulier, Mohamed Wassim Krir, Marine Dalmont, Olivier Guillin, Maud Rothärmel. A prospective multicenter assessor-blinded randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of short versus long protocols of electroconvulsive therapy as an augmentation strategy to clozapine in patients with ultra-resistant schizophrenia (SURECT study). Trials. 2021 Apr; 22(1):284. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05227-3. [PMID: 33858488]
  • Giulia Tronchin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Mohamed Ahmed, Liam Kilmartin, Laura Costello, Natalie J Forde, Leila Nabulsi, Theophilus N Akudjedu, Laurena Holleran, Brian Hallahan, Dara M Cannon, Colm McDonald. White matter microstructure and structural networks in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients after commencing clozapine treatment: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study. Psychiatry research. 2021 04; 298(?):113772. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113772. [PMID: 33556689]
  • Siobhan Gee, David Taylor. COVID-19 infection causes a reduction in neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. 2021 03; 46(2):E232-E237. doi: 10.1503/jpn.200208. [PMID: 33703870]
  • Deborah Thompson, Clay M Delorme, Randall F White, William G Honer. Elevated clozapine levels and toxic effects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. 2021 03; 46(2):E210-E211. doi: 10.1503/jpn.210027. [PMID: 33667055]
  • Emily Zhang, Elizabeth Lequesne, Anne Rohs, W Gordon Frankle. Suspected Recurrence of Symptomatic COVID-19: Management During Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment. Journal of psychiatric practice. 2021 Mar; 27(2):137-144. doi: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000534. [PMID: 33656821]