Agnuside
Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). Isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Agnuside is found in fruits. Agnuside is isolated from Vitex agnus-castus (agnus castus). Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].
Protopine
Protopine is a dibenzazecine alkaloid isolated from Fumaria vaillantii. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Protopine is a natural product found in Corydalis heterocarpa var. japonica, Fumaria capreolata, and other organisms with data available. Protopine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in opium poppies and other plants of the family papaveraceae. It has been found to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and platelet aggregation, and acts as an opioid analgesic. See also: Sanguinaria canadensis root (part of); Chelidonium majus flowering top (part of). Protopine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in opium poppies and other plants of the family papaveraceae. It has been found to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and platelet aggregation, and acts as an opioid analgesic [HMDB] Protopine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in opium poppies and other plants of the family papaveraceae. It has been found to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and platelet aggregation, and acts as an opioid analgesic. Protopine is an alkaloid occurring in opium poppy,[2] Corydalis tubers[3] and other plants of the family papaveraceae, like Fumaria officinalis.[4] Protopine is metabolically derived from the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (S)-Reticuline through a progressive series of five enzymatic transformations: 1) berberine bridge enzyme to (S)-Scoulerine; 2) (S)-cheilanthifoline synthase/CYP719A25 to (S)-Cheilanthifoline; 3) (S)-stylopine synthase/CYP719A20 to (S)-Stylopine; 4) (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase to (S)-cis-N-Methylstylopine; and ultimately, 5) N-methylstylopine hydroxylase to protopine.[5] It has been found to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and platelet aggregation, and acts as an analgesic.[6][7] Protopine (Corydinine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a specific reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Protopine exhibits anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity[1][2]. Protopine (Corydinine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a specific reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Protopine exhibits anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity[1][2].
Icariin
Icariin is a member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, it is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo). It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a phytoestrogen, an EC 3.1.4.35 (3,5-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a member of flavonols. Icariin has been investigated for the basic science of the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Icariin in Humans. Icariin is a natural product found in Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium grandiflorum, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant, Pyrans Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.077 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.073 Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator. Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator. Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator.
Evodiamine
Evodiamine is a member of beta-carbolines. Evodiamine is a natural product found in Vepris soyauxii, Cryptocarya, and other organisms with data available. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H17N3O; Bottle Name:Evodiamine; PRIME Parent Name:Evodiamine; PRIME in-house No.:V0296; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, Indoloquinolizidine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Formula(Parent): C19H17N3O; Bottle Name:Evodiamine; Origin: Plant; PRIME Parent Name:Evodiamine; PRIME in-house No.:V0296; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, Indoloquinolizidine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Annotation level-1 (±)-Evodiamine, a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid, is a Top1 inhibitor. Evodiamine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antitumor effects. (±)-Evodiamine inhibits the proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells by inducing their apoptosis[1]. Evodiamine is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham with diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antitumor. Evodiamine is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham with diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antitumor.
Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acid A is an aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. It has a role as a nephrotoxin, a carcinogenic agent, a mutagen, a toxin and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a C-nitro compound, a cyclic acetal, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an aromatic ether and a member of aristolochic acids. Aristolochic acid is a natural product found in Thottea duchartrei, Aristolochia, and other organisms with data available. Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae family of plants, including Aristolochia and Asarum (wild ginger), which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. Aristolochic acid I is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia species. Aristolochic acids are often accompanied by aristolactams. See also: Aristolochia fangchi root (part of). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1]. Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1].
Astragaloside IV
Astragaloside IV is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is cycloastragenol having beta-D-xylopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at positions O-3 and O-6 respectively. It is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, an antioxidant, a pro-angiogenic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a triterpenoid saponin and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a cycloastragenol. Astragaloside IV is a natural product found in Euphorbia glareosa, Astragalus ernestii, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is cycloastragenol having beta-D-xylopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at positions O-3 and O-6 respectively. It is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Osthol
Osthol, also known as 7-methoxy-8-(3-methylpent-2-enyl)coumarin, belongs to coumarins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Osthol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Osthol can be found in a number of food items such as wild celery, lemon, parsley, and wild carrot, which makes osthol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Osthol is an O-methylated coumarin. It is a calcium channel blocker, found in plants such as Cnidium monnieri, Angelica archangelica and Angelica pubescens . Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite. Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica pubescens root (part of). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.
3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole
3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole, also known as donaxin or (1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)dimethylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. 3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as barley, brassicas, cereals and cereal products, common wheats, and lupines. This could make 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Gramine is an aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a serotonergic antagonist, an antiviral agent and an antibacterial agent. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a gramine(1+). Gramine is a natural product found in Desmanthus illinoensis, Lupinus arbustus, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from cabbage and barley shoots. 3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole is found in many foods, some of which are cereals and cereal products, brassicas, common wheat, and barley. An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 14 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 37 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 44 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 22 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 58 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 29 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 7 KEIO_ID G041 Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].
Aucubin
Aucubin is found in common verbena. Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety. Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis. The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1 Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety.; Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally.; Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis.; The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].
LDR cpd
Linderane is a member of dioxanes. Linderane is a natural product found in Cryptocarya densiflora, Neolitsea villosa, and other organisms with data available. Linderane, isolated from the root of Lindera aggregata, is an irreversible inhibitor cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Linderane has the potential to relieve pain and cramp[1]. Linderane, isolated from the root of Lindera aggregata, is an irreversible inhibitor cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Linderane has the potential to relieve pain and cramp[1].
Apiin
Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Apiin is found in celery leaves. Apiin is a constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isolated in 1843 Apiin is a chemical compound isolated from parsley and celery Constituent of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and of the flowers of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). First isol. in 1843 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2350 Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].
(R)-Higenamine
(RS)-norcoclaurine is a norcoclaurine. It is a conjugate base of a (RS)-norcoclaurinium. Higenamine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01451229 (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Higenamine in Chinese Healthy Subjects). Higenamine is a natural product found in Delphinium caeruleum, Aconitum triphyllum, and other organisms with data available. (R)-Higenamine is found in coffee and coffee products. (R)-Higenamine is an alkaloid from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera (East India lotus). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Trans-4-hydroxyproline
Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is an optically active form of 4-hydroxyproline having L-trans-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tautomer of a trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline zwitterion. Hydroxyproline is a neutral heterocyclic protein amino acid. It is found in collagen and as such it is common in many gelatin products. Hydroxyproline is mostly used as a diagnostic marker of bone turnover and liver fibrosis. Therapeutically, hydroxyproline is being studied as an an experimental medicine but is approved in France as a combination topical gel product called Cicactive for small, superficial wounds. Hydroxyproline is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid derivative formed during post-translational protein modification through hydroxylation of the amino acid proline by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase which requires vitamin C as a co-factor. Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen and plays a key role in the stability of the collagen triple helix. It can be used as an indicator to determine the amount of collagen. Increased hydroxyproline levels in the urine and/or serum are normally associated with degradation of connective tissue. Vitamin C deficiency decreases the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline, which leads to reduced collagen stability. 4-Hydroxyproline (or hydroxyproline or Hyp) is a major component of the protein collagen. Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline and is, therefore, a post-translationally modified amino acid. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. In particular, they permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. Hydroxyproline is found in few proteins other than collagen. The only other mammalian protein which includes hydroxyproline is elastin. For this reason, hydroxyproline content has been used as an indicator to determine collagen and/or gelatin amount in tissue or biological samples. Increased serum and urine levels of hydroxyproline have been found in Pagets disease Hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in biological fluids is used as a parameter of collagen catabolism, especially bone resorption or tissue degradation. Bedridden and elderly individuals show significantly elevated serum levels of hydroxyproline in comparison to normal, active individuals Elevated levels of urinary hydroxyproline are also indicative of muscle damage Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also known to accelerate collagen degradation. Hydroxyproline levels increase in cases of depression and stress (A3486, A3487, A3488, A3489). See also: Hydroxyproline; niacinamide (component of); Hydroxyproline; octinoxate (component of) ... View More ... 4-Hydroxyproline (hydroxyproline or Hyp) is a major component of the protein collagen. Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline and is, therefore, a post-translationally modified, non-essential amino acid. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles in collagen stability. In particular, they permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. Hydroxyproline is found in few proteins other than collagen. The only other mammalian protein which includes hydroxyproline is elastin. For this reason, hydroxyproline content has been used as an indicator to determine collagen and/or gelatin amount in tissue or biological samples. Increased serum and urine levels of hydroxyproline have been found in Pagets disease (PMID: 436278). Hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in biological fluids is used as a parameter of collagen catabolism, especially bone resorption or tissue degradation. Bedridden and elderly individuals show significantly elevated serum levels of hydroxyproline in comparison to normal, active individuals (PMID: 10706420). Elevated levels of urinary hydroxyproline are also indicative of muscle damage (PMID: 21988268). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also known to accelerate collagen degradation. Hydroxyproline levels increase in cases of depression and stress (PMID: 21483218). 4-Hydroxyproline is found to be associated with Alzheimers disease, and also hydroxyprolinemia and iminoglycinuria which are both inborn errors of metabolism. 4-Hydroxyproline is also involved in metabolic disorders such as hyperprolinemia type I, hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA), L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency, creatine deficiency, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation (PubChem). trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline is a biomarker for the consumption of processed meat. Constituent of proteins [DFC]. 4-hydroxyproline is a biomarker for the consumption of processed meat An optically active form of 4-hydroxyproline having L-trans-configuration. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.
Mecheliolide
Micheliolide is a sesquiterpene lactone. Micheliolide is a natural product found in Costus and Magnolia champaca with data available. Micheliolide can attenuate high glucose-stimulated NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation, and the expression of MCP-1, TGF-β1, and FN in mouse mesangial cells. Micheliolide can attenuate high glucose-stimulated NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation, and the expression of MCP-1, TGF-β1, and FN in mouse mesangial cells.
Rhynchophylline
Rhynchophylline is a member of indolizines. It has a role as a metabolite. Rhynchophylline is a natural product found in Uncaria tomentosa, Mitragyna inermis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cats Claw (part of). A natural product found in Uncaria macrophylla. Annotation level-1 Rhyncholphylline is an alkaloid compound isolated from Uncaria rhynchophyllum. It has high biological activity and is widely used in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other research. Rhyncholphylline is an alkaloid compound isolated from Uncaria rhynchophyllum. It has high biological activity and is widely used in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other research.
Farrerol
Farrerol is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. (S)-2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-4-benzopyrone is a natural product found in Rhododendron spinuliferum, Wikstroemia canescens, and other organisms with data available. Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Liquiritigenin
Liquiritigenin is a dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. It has a role as a hormone agonist and a plant metabolite. 5-deoxyflavanone is a solid. This compound belongs to the flavanones. These are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, whose structure is characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. MF101 is a novel estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) selective agonist and unlike currently available hormone therapies, does not activate the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), known to be implicated in tumor formation. MF101 is an oral drug designed for the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats in peri-menopausal and menopausal women. Liquiritigenin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Pterocarpus marsupium, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of); Pterocarpus marsupium wood (part of). Isolated from Glycyrrhiza, Medicago, Myroxylon, Cicer and all Leguminosae subspecies Several glycosides, particularly the rutinoside and neohesperidoside, are important in influencing citrus fruit flavour [DFC]. Liquiritigenin is found in many foods, some of which are sorrel, roselle, pepper (c. annuum), and black crowberry. Liquiritigenin is found in alfalfa. Liquiritigenin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza, Medicago, Myroxylon, Cicer, and all Leguminosae species. Several glycosides, particularly rutinoside and neohesperidoside, are important in influencing citrus fruit flavour. A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc.
febrifugine
Isofebrifugine is a member of quinazolines. Isofebrifugine is a natural product found in Hydrangea febrifuga and Hydrangea macrophylla with data available. Febrifugine is a quinazolinone alkaloid found in the roots and leaves of Dichroa febrifuga, with antimalarial activity [1]. Febrifugine is a quinazolinone alkaloid found in the roots and leaves of Dichroa febrifuga, with antimalarial activity [1].
Lutein
Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
beta-Elemene
(-)-beta-elemene is the (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Beta-elemene is one of the isomers of elemene, a lipid soluble sesquiterpene and the active component isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which beta-elemene exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to induce apoptosis through different mechanisms of action and induces cell cycle arrest at different stages based on the tumor cell type involved. Beta-elemene may sensitize cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). Beta-elemene, also known as B-elemen or 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane, is a member of the class of compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. Elemane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. Beta-elemene is a fresh, herbal, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lovage, anise, spearmint, and orange mint, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-elemene can be found primarily in saliva. beta-Elemene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. These are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. beta-Elemene can be found in herbs, spices, and root vegetables, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a constituent of sweet flag, juniper oils, and Mentha species. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.
Alstonine
Alstonine is an indole alkaloid with formula C21H20N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia species and exhibits antipsychotic activity. It has a role as an antipsychotic agent. It is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a zwitterion and an indole alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of an alstonine(1+). Alstonine is a natural product found in Alstonia constricta, Rauvolfia vomitoria, and other organisms with data available. An indole alkaloid with formula C21H20N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia species and exhibits antipsychotic activity. Oxayohimbanium, 3,4,5,6,16,17-hexadehydro-16-(methoxycarbonyl)-19-methyl-, inner salt, (19α,20α)-. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=642-18-2 (retrieved 2024-07-04) (CAS RN: 642-18-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Petunidin
Petunidin chloride is an anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component. It has a role as a metabolite. An anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component.
Rhamnocitrin
Rhamnocitrin, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone or 7-methylkaempferol, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, rhamnocitrin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Rhamnocitrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Rhamnocitrin can be found in cloves and lemon balm, which makes rhamnocitrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Rhamnocitrin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a member of flavonols and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Rhamnocitrin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2].
Proscillaridin
Proscillaridin is an organic molecular entity. Proscillaridin is a cardiac glycoside that is derived from plants of the genus Scilla and in Drimia maritima (Scilla maritima). Studies suggest the potential cytotoxic and anticancer property of proscillaridin, based on evidence of the drug potently disrupting topoisomerase I and II activity at nanomolar drug concentrations and triggering cell death and blocking cell proliferation of glioblastoma cell lines. Proscillaridin is a natural product found in Drimia indica with data available. A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill). C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01A - Cardiac glycosides > C01AB - Scilla glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C78322 - Cardiotonic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Proscillaridin A is a potent poison of topoisomerase I/II activity with IC50 values of 30 nM and 100 nM, respectively[1]. Proscillaridin A is a potent poison of topoisomerase I/II activity with IC50 values of 30 nM and 100 nM, respectively[1].
Arecaidine
Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].
Guvacine
Guvacine is a alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It is a beta-amino acid, a tetrahydropyridine, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, a pyridine alkaloid and a secondary amino compound. Guvacine is a pyridine alkaloid found in the Areca nut (also known as the Betel nut). It is an experimental drug with no approved indication. Experimental studies are still being investigated to determine all of the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of guvacine. Currently it has been determined that guvacine is a specific GABA reuptake inhibitor with no significant affinity at GABA receptors. A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.
serin
Serine is an alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a hydroxymethyl group. It is a conjugate base of a serinium. It is a conjugate acid of a serinate. It is a tautomer of a serine zwitterion. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
Dimethyl phthalate
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10088; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10085 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10088; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10085 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10066; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10061 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10132; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10128 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 978; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10163; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10160 P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3673 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 195 D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives ATC code: P03BX02
Aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid (marketed as Amicar) is a drug used to treat bleeding disorders. It is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. It is a derivative of the amino acid lysine. It binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation to plasmin. [HMDB] Aminocaproic acid (marketed as Amicar) is a drug used to treat bleeding disorders. It is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. It is a derivative of the amino acid lysine. It binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation to plasmin. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02A - Antifibrinolytics > B02AA - Amino acids Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C78311 - Hemostatic Agent D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents IPB_RECORD: 266; CONFIDENCE confident structure KEIO_ID A053 6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders[1][2].
L-Serine
Serine (Ser) or L-serine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-serine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Serine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans, serine is a nonessential amino acid that can be easily derived from glycine. A non-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. Like all the amino acid building blocks of protein and peptides, serine can become essential under certain conditions, and is thus important in maintaining health and preventing disease. L-Serine may be derived from four possible sources: dietary intake; biosynthesis from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate; from glycine; and by protein and phospholipid degradation. Little data is available on the relative contributions of each of these four sources of l-serine to serine homoeostasis. It is very likely that the predominant source of l-serine will be very different in different tissues and during different stages of human development. In the biosynthetic pathway, the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphohydroxypyruvate, in a reaction catalyzed by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3- PGDH; EC 1.1.1.95). Phosphohydroxypyruvate is metabolized to phosphoserine by phosphohydroxypyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52) and, finally, phosphoserine is converted into l-serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP; EC 3.1.3.3). In liver tissue, the serine biosynthetic pathway is regulated in response to dietary and hormonal changes. Of the three synthetic enzymes, the properties of 3-PGDH and PSP are the best documented. Hormonal factors such as glucagon and corticosteroids also influence 3-PGDH and PSP activities in interactions dependent upon the diet. L-serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, L-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. (PMID 12534373). [Spectral] L-Serine (exact mass = 105.04259) and D-2-Aminobutyrate (exact mass = 103.06333) and 4-Aminobutanoate (exact mass = 103.06333) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Dietary supplement. L-Serine is found in many foods, some of which are cold cut, mammee apple, coho salmon, and carrot. L-Serine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-45-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-45-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
disulfiram
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AA - Sulfur containing products N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2160 - Proteasome Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065086 - Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C1744 - Multidrug Resistance Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of?aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier,?with?Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Gemcitabine
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used as chemotherapy. It is marketed as Gemzar by Eli Lilly and Company. As with fluorouracil and other analogues of pyrimidines, the drug replaces one of the building blocks of nucleic acids, in this case cytidine, during DNA replication. The process arrests tumor growth, as new nucleosides cannot be attached to the faulty nucleoside, resulting in apoptosis (cellular suicide). L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2603 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2106 D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis[1][2].
Nitrofen
Nitrofen is an herbicide of the diphenyl ether class. Because of concerns about its carcinogenicity, the use of nitrofen is banned in the European Union and in the United States. CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3098 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 43 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Losartan
Losartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) that may be used alone or with other agents to treat hypertension. Losartan and its longer acting metabolite, E-3174, lower blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); they compete with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ARBs do not have the adverse effect of dry cough. Losartan may be used to treat hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetic nephropathy. It may also be used as an alternative agent for the treatment of systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09C - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain > C09CA - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C66930 - Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D047228 - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2794 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8189 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8607 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2280 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, competing with the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors with IC50 of 20 nM.
(-)-Maackiain
(-)-maackiain is the (-)-enantiomer of maackiain. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-maackiain. Maackiain is a natural product found in Tephrosia virginiana, Leptolobium bijugum, and other organisms with data available. (-)-Maackiain. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2035-15-6 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 2035-15-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1].
Morin
Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2 4 and 5. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an antihypertensive agent, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antibacterial agent, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Morin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of various woods, e.g. Morus alba (white mulberry). First isol. in 1830. Morin is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, european cranberry, bilberry, and fruits. Morin is found in bilberry. Morin is a constituent of various woods, e.g. Morus alba (white mulberry). First isolated in 1830 A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2 4 and 5. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2]. Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2].
Kaempferol 3-O-beta-robinoside 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside
Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, also known as kaempherol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside can be found in common bean, which makes kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].
Apigenin 7-O-beta-D-rutinoside
Apigenin 7-o-beta-d-rutinoside, also known as rhoifolin or apigenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Apigenin 7-o-beta-d-rutinoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apigenin 7-o-beta-d-rutinoside can be found in carrot, orange mint, and wild carrot, which makes apigenin 7-o-beta-d-rutinoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_pos_30eV_CB000032.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_pos_10eV_CB000032.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_pos_20eV_CB000032.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_pos_50eV_CB000032.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_pos_40eV_CB000032.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_neg_50eV_000023.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_neg_10eV_000023.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_neg_20eV_000023.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_neg_40eV_000023.txt [Raw Data] CB080_Rhoifolin_neg_30eV_000023.txt Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3].
Rhamnetin
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Arecoline
Arecoline is a tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist and a metabolite. It is a tetrahydropyridine, an enoate ester, a pyridine alkaloid and a methyl ester. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is a natural product found in Piper betle and Areca catechu with data available. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease. Arecoline has been shown to exhibit apoptotic, excitant and steroidogenic functions (A7876, A7878, A7879). Arecoline belongs to the family of Alkaloids and Derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist
Asiaticoside
Constituent of Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort). Asiaticoside is found in herbs and spices and green vegetables. Asiaticoside is found in green vegetables. Asiaticoside is a constituent of Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Same as: D07576 Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
Gambogic acid
Isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic acid is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Gambogic acid is found in fruits. Gambogic acid is isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.
Oxymatrine
Ammothamnine is an alkaloid and a tertiary amine oxide. Oxymatrine is a natural product found in Sophora pachycarpa, Sophora chrysophylla, and other organisms with data available. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from lysine, Quinolizidine alkaloids, Sophora alkaloid Oxymatrine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02202473 (Oxymatrine Plus Lamivudine Combination Therapy Versus Lamivudine Monotherapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Infected Subjects). Matrine oxide is a natural product found in Daphniphyllum oldhamii, Sophora viciifolia, and other organisms with data available. Oxymatrine, an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens Alt. with anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects, inhibits the iNOS expression and TGF-β/Smad pathway. Oxymatrine inhibits bocavirus minute virus of canines (MVC) replication, reduces viral gene expression and decreases apoptosis induced by viral infection. Oxymatrine, an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens Alt. with anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects, inhibits the iNOS expression and TGF-β/Smad pathway. Oxymatrine inhibits bocavirus minute virus of canines (MVC) replication, reduces viral gene expression and decreases apoptosis induced by viral infection. Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Sophora alopecuroides Linn. Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) shows anti inflammatory, anti oxidative stress and anti apoptosis effects[1][2]. Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Sophora alopecuroides Linn. Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) shows anti inflammatory, anti oxidative stress and anti apoptosis effects[1][2].
Glycitin
Glycitin is an isoflavone glycoside present in human diets containing soy. The transformation of glycitin by intestinal microflora produces glycitein, a compound found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species. Diverse bacteria strains from human origin have specific activity (beta-glucosidase activity) in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids. Soy isoflavones are popular supplements based on their potential protection against cancer and their use as alternative hormone replacement therapy. Is one of the isoflavones present in ready-to-feed soy-based infant formula. (PMID: 17516245, 17157426, 17439230, 12607743). Present in soya foods; potential nutriceutical. Glycitin is found in many foods, some of which are soy milk, tofu, miso, and soy sauce. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.
Puerarin
Puerarin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a hydroxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to an isoflavone. Puerarin has been investigated for the treatment of Alcohol Abuse. Puerarin is a natural product found in Neustanthus phaseoloides, Clematis hexapetala, and other organisms with data available. Puerarin, also known as Kakonein, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoflavonoid C-glycosides. These compounds are C-glycosylated derivatives of isoflavonoids, which are natural products derived from 3-phenylchromen-4-one. Puerarin is considered a slightly soluble (in water), acidic compound. Puerarin can be synthesized into puerarin xyloside. Puerarin is found in a number of plants and herbs, such as the root of the kudzu plant. A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
Natamycin
Natamycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically. [PubChem]Like other polyene antibiotics, Natamycin inhibits fungal growth by binding to sterols. Specifically, Natamycin binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane, preventing ergosterol-dependent fusion of vacuoles, as well as membrane fusion and fission. This differs from the mechanism of most other polyene antibiotics, which tend to work by altering fungal membrane permeability instead. Primarily used as a surface treatment to prevent growth of yeasts and moulds, especies on cheese. Permitted agent in USA for surface treatment of cheeses as mould-inhibitor. No reported allergic reactions and it has GRAS status G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasma membrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research[1][2].
Psoralidin
Psoralidin is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an estrogen receptor agonist. It is a member of coumestans, a polyphenol and a delta-lactone. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Psoralidin is a natural product found in Dolichos trilobus, Phaseolus lunatus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cullen corylifolium fruit (part of). A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D020847 - Estrogen Receptor Modulators Constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is found in pulses, lima bean, and fruits. Psoralidin is found in fruits. Psoralidin is a constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2].
Corilagin
Corilagin is a member of the class of compounds known as ellagitannins, a class of hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models: (1) a structure containing galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate, catechin, or triterpenoid units, or (2) a structure containing at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other and not containing a glycosidically linked catechin unit. Corilagin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Corilagin can be found in pomegranate, which makes corilagin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Corilagin was first isolated in 1951 from Dividivi extract and from Caesalpinia coriaria, hence the name of the molecule. It can also be found in Alchornea glandulosa and in the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate) (Wikipedia). Corilagin has been shown to exhibit thrombolytic function (PMID: 14750026). Corilagin is an ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antioxidant. It is an ellagitannin and a gallate ester. Corilagin is a natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia hyssopifolia, and other organisms with data available. Corilagin is a gallotannin. It can be found in Alchornea glandulosa. [Wikipedia] Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3]. Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3].
Nalmefene
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C681 - Opiate Antagonist
Norwogonin
Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1] Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1]
Diisobutyl phthalate
Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate, also known as dibp or isobutyl phthalate, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate can be found primarily in urine. Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB). DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability. It is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate. DIBP has lower density and freezing point than DBP (dibutyl phthalate, CAS No.: 84-74-2). It has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10016; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10013 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10059; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10056 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10032; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10030 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1189; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9950
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane. It is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water. Like other amines, it is of mildly alkaline nature, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic sister compound aniline, which differs only in that its ring is aromatic. It is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C. Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C. It is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal. It readily absorbs through skin, which it irritates. It is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2441 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8266 KEIO_ID C114
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine is found in pepper (Capsicum annuum). N-Nitrosodimethylamine is a food contaminant especially in cured meat products. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), also known as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), is a semi-volatile organic chemical that is highly toxic and is a suspected human carcinogen. The US Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the maximum admissible concentration of NDMA in drinking water is 7 ng L 1. The EPA has not yet set a regulatory maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. At high doses, it is a "potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis of the liver" in rats. The induction of liver tumors in rats after chronic exposure to low doses is well-documented. Its toxic effects on humans are inferred from animal experiments but not well-established experimentally. NDMA is an industrial by-product or waste product of several industrial processes. It first came to attention as a groundwater contaminant in California in 1998 and 1999 at several sites that produced rocket fuel. Manufacturing of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which is a component of rocket fuel that requires NDMA for its synthesis, proved to be the culprit in these cases. Of more general concern, water treatment via chlorination or chloramination of organic nitrogen-containing wastewater can lead to the production of NDMA at potentially harmful levels. Further, NDMA can form or be leached during treatment of water by anion exchange resins. Finally, NDMA is found at low levels in numerous items of human consumption including cured meat, fish, beer, and tobacco smoke, it is, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3447 Food contaminant especies in cured meat products
Lipoamide
Lipoamide is a trivial name for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide. It is 6,8-dithiooctanoic acids functional form where the carboxyl group is attached to protein (or any other amine) by an amide linkage (containing -NH2) to an amino group. Lipoamide forms a thioester bond, oxidizing the disulfide bond, with acetaldehyde (pyruvate after it has been decarboxylated). It then transfers the acetaldehyde group to CoA which can then continue in the TCA cycle. Lipoamide is an intermediate in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), alanine, aspartate and pyruvate metabolism, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG:C00248). It is generated from dihydrolipoamide via the enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC:1.8.1.4) and then converted to S-glutaryl-dihydrolipoamide via the enzyme oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC:1.2.4.2). Lipoamide is the oxidized form of glutathione. (PMID:8957191) KEIO_ID L031; [MS2] KO009031 KEIO_ID L031
Glutamylglutamic acid
Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of two glutamic acid residues, and is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. It belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. Glutamylglutamic acid is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. KEIO_ID G043; [MS2] KO008970 KEIO_ID G043
Glycyrrhizin
Licoricesaponin H2 is found in herbs and spices. Licoricesaponin H2 is a constituent of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese licorice). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05B - Liver therapy, lipotropics > A05BA - Liver therapy C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice). Nutriceutical with anticancer props. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KEIO_ID G057 Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities. Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.
Beta-Aminopropionitrile
beta-Aminopropionitrile is a toxic amino-acid derivative. On an unusual case of the Cantrell-sequence in a premature infant with associated dysmelia, aplasia of the right kidney, cerebellar hypoplasia and circumscribed aplasia of the cutis, maternal history suggested an occupational exposure to aminopropionitriles prior to pregnancy. The characteristic features of the Cantrell-sequence--anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect with ectopia cordis and diaphragm, sternum, pericardium, and heart defects--have been observed in animals following maternal administration of beta-aminopropionitrile. Some species of lathyrus (chickling pea, Lathyrus sativus- related), notably Lathyrus odoratus, are unable to induce human lathyrism but contain beta-aminopropionitrile, that induces pathological changes in bone ("osteolathyrism") and blood vessels ("angiolathyrism") of experimental animals without damaging the nervous system. The administration of beta-aminopropionitrile has been proposed for pharmacological control of unwanted scar tissue in human beings. beta-Aminopropionitrile is a reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. (PMID:367235, 6422318, 9394169, Am J Perinatol. 1997 Oct;14(9):567-71.). Constituent of chickling pea (Lathyrus sativus) C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor KEIO_ID A044 β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes[1][2].
Chrysophanol
Chrysophanic acid appears as golden yellow plates or brown powder. Melting point 196 °C. Slightly soluble in water. Pale yellow aqueous solutions turn red on addition of alkali. Solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid are red. (NTP, 1992) Chrysophanol is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Chrysophanol is a natural product found in Rumex dentatus, Ageratina altissima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Constituent of Rumex, Rheum subspecies Chrysophanol is found in dock, garden rhubarb, and sorrel. Chrysophanol is found in dock. Chrysophanol is a constituent of Rumex, Rheum species D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.
(R)-Glabridin
(R)-Glabridin is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Glabridin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). Isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). (R)-Glabridin is found in tea and herbs and spices. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant > C306 - Bioflavonoid Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2]. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2]. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2].
Chebulagic acid
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23094-71-5 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 23094-71-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Chebulinic acid
Chebulinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18942-26-2 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 18942-26-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
(-)-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid
(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, also known as ent-kaurenoic acid or ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, is a member of the class of compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. Kaurane diterpenoids are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid can be found in sugar apple and sunflower, which makes (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1]. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1].
Piplartine
Piplartine is a member of cinnamamides and a dicarboximide. Piperlongumine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum gilletii, Macropiper, and other organisms with data available. See also: Long Pepper (part of). Piplartine is found in herbs and spices. Piplartine is an alkaloid from the roots of Piper longum (long pepper Piperlongumine is a alkaloid[1], possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities[2]. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines[1]. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome[2][3]. Piperlongumine is a alkaloid[1], possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities[2]. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines[1]. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome[2][3]. Piperlongumine is a alkaloid[1], possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities[2]. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines[1]. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome[2][3].
Phyllanthin
Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1]. Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1].
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5758; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5757 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5733; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5731 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5682; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5681 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5667; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5666 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5702; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5701 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5704; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5702 D010575 - Pesticides > D010574 - Pesticide Synergists CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2296 D016573 - Agrochemicals
Gibberellin A116
Gibberellin a116, also known as ga12, is a member of the class of compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Thus, gibberellin a116 is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gibberellin a116 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a116 can be found in a number of food items such as rape, pigeon pea, chinese cabbage, and linden, which makes gibberellin a116 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins
Proanthocyanidin A2
Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (CAS: 1553-55-5) is formed when acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes (PMID: 14689582). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa, also known as hmg-coa or hydroxymethylglutaroyl coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas are 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl-CoAs where the 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration. Thus, (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as watercress, burdock, spirulina, and chicory, which makes (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
3,5-Cyclic IMP
A 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.
LysoSM(d18:1)
D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is an intermediate in Sphingolipid metabolism. D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Digalactosylceramidesulfate and is converted from Sphingosine via the enzyme sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase ( EC 2.7.8.10). It is then converted to Sphingomyelin via the enzyme sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24). [HMDB] D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is an intermediate in Sphingolipid metabolism. D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Digalactosylceramidesulfate and is converted from Sphingosine via the enzyme sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase ( EC 2.7.8.10). It is then converted to Sphingomyelin via the enzyme sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24).
Nystatin
Nystatin is a polyene antifungal drug to which many molds and yeasts are sensitive, including Candida spp. Nystatin has some toxicity associated with it when given intravenously, but it is not absorbed across intact skin or mucous membranes. It is considered a relatively safe drug for treating oral or gastrointestinal fungal infections. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores
Bleomycin
A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2 (B2 CAS # 9060-10-0). It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. Bleomycin A2 is used as the representative structure for Bleomycin. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Daphnetoxin
A daphnane-type orthoester diterpene with potential cholesterol-lowering activity, found exclusively in plants of the family Thymelaeaceae.
Arecaidine
Arecaidine is found in nuts. Arecaidine is an alkaloid from nuts of Areca catechu (betel nuts Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2]. Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].
Chrysophanein
Isolated from Rheum, Rumex subspecies Chrysophanein is found in green vegetables and garden rhubarb. Chrysophanein is found in garden rhubarb. Chrysophanein is isolated from Rheum, Rumex species. Chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside, from the roots of Rumex acetosa, shows moderate elastase inhibition activity[1]. Chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside, from the roots of Rumex acetosa, shows moderate elastase inhibition activity[1].
1'-Acetoxychavicol
1-Acetoxychavicol is found in herbs and spices. 1-Acetoxychavicol is a constituent of Acorus calamus (sweet flag). Constituent of Acorus calamus (sweet flag). 1-Acetoxychavicol is found in herbs and spices and root vegetables.
Ginkgoic acid
Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) and minor constituent of cashew nut shell. Ginkgoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are ginkgo nuts, nuts, cashew nut, and fats and oils. Ginkgoic acid is found in cashew nut. Ginkgoic acid is a constituent of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) and minor constituent of cashew nut shell. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.
C-1027
An enediyne antibiotic that has formula C43H42ClN3O13. It is a natural product found in Streptomyces globisporus and exhibits antimicrobial and antineoplastic properties. A natural product found in Streptomyces globisporus and Streptomyces globisporus. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Tyrocidine
A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
Manumycin A
A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties. Manumycin A is a polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties. It has a role as an EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an antimicrobial agent, a bacterial metabolite, an antiatherosclerotic agent and a marine metabolite. It is a polyketide, an enamide, an epoxide, an organic heterobicyclic compound, a secondary carboxamide and a tertiary alcohol. Manumycin A is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus, and Streptomyces parvulus D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Plicamycin
Plicamycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. It has been used in the treatment of testicular cancer, Pagets disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000. Plicamycin is presumed to inhibit cellular and enzymic RNA synthesis by forming a complex with DNA. Plicamycin may also lower calcium serum levels by inhibiting the effect of parathyroid hormone upon osteoclasts or by blocking the hypercalcemic action of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C67439 - Bone Resorption Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D00468
N-phenylanthranilic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene)
3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene) is only found in individuals that have used or taken Tamoxifen. 3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene) is a metabolite of Tamoxifen. 3-hydroxytamoxifen (droloxifene) belongs to the family of Stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Same as: D03911
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of considerable tumorigenicity. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene results in DNA adduct formation leading to the activation of a DNA damage response. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via both Tp53-dependent and Tp53-independent mechanisms[1][2].
Bromodichloromethane
Bromodichloromethane, also known as dichlorobromomethane or monobromodichloromethane, is classified as a member of the trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms. Bromodichloromethane is a colorless, nonflammable liquid. Small amounts are formed naturally by algae in the oceans. Some of it will dissolve in water, but it readily evaporates into air. Only small quantities of bromodichloromethane are produced in the United States. The small quantities that are produced are used in laboratories or to make other chemicals. However, most bromodichloromethane is formed as a by-product when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria. Bromodichloromethane has been formerly used as a flame retardant, and a solvent for fats and waxes and because of its high density for mineral separation. Now it is only used as a reagent or intermediate in organic chemistry. Bromodichloromethane can also occur in municipally-treated drinking water as a by-product of the chlorine disinfection process. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
2-Chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4257; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4255 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4307; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4305 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 929; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3920; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3918 GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.
5-Fluorouridine monophosphate
5-Fluorouridine monophosphate is a metabolite of fluorouracil. Fluorouracil (5-FU or f5U) (sold under the brand names Adrucil, Carac, Efudix, Efudex and Fluoroplex) is a drug that is a pyrimidine analog which is used in the treatment of cancer. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. It is typically administered with leucovorin. (Wikipedia)
halichondrin B
D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents
7-alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate (7-HOCA)
7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate, also known as 7-Hoca, is a member of the class of compounds known as monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols, and derivatives. Thes compounds are bile acids, alcohols, or any of their derivatives bearing a hydroxyl group. 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate is involved in metabolic disorders such as 27-hydroxylase deficiency, familial hypercholanemia (FHCA), and Zellweger syndrome. 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate is involved in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate is created from either 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate or 7alpha,26-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one through the actions of HSD3B7 (EC 1.1.1.181) or CYP27A (EC 1.14.13.15), respectively.
Rhoifolin
Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside is an apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a neohesperidoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Rhoifolin is a natural product found in Ligustrum robustum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3].
Robinin
Robinin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Robinin is a natural product found in Aconitum anthora, Astragalus aegobromus, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].
Dimethyl_phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate appears as a water-white liquid without significant odor. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Flash point 300 °F. Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation. Used in the manufacture of a variety of products including plastics, insect repellents, safety glass, and lacquer coatings. Dimethyl phthalate is a phthalate ester, a diester and a methyl ester. Dimethyl phthalate has many uses, including in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants. Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dimethyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported slight effects on growth and on the kidney from chronic oral exposure to the chemical. EPA has classified dimethyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogencity. Dimethyl phthalate is a natural product found in Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Allium ampeloprasum, and other organisms with data available. Dimethyl phthalate is a phthalate ester. Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride. They are found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, childrens toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles. Phthalates are hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors. They are being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns. (L1903) P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives ATC code: P03BX02
Disulfiram
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem] P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AA - Sulfur containing products N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2160 - Proteasome Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065086 - Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C1744 - Multidrug Resistance Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of?aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier,?with?Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
(3R,3'R,6'R,9-cis)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3R,6R,9-cis)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3-diol is a carotenoid found in human fluids such as serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids (3R,3R,6R,9-cis)-Carotene-3,3-diol is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
Astragaloside A
Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV, an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
pimaricin
(1R,4R,5S,9R,10S,13R)-5,9-Dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid
Kaurenoic acid, also known as kaur-16-en-18-oic acid or kaurenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. Kaurane diterpenoids are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D. Kaurenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaurenoic acid can be found in sunflower, which makes kaurenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1]. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1].
Chebulagic acid
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.
Fasudil
C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Isorhynchophylline
Proscillaridin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Hydroxyproline
L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals. L-Hydroxyproline, one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.
Farrerol
Farrerol is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. (S)-2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-4-benzopyrone is a natural product found in Rhododendron spinuliferum, Wikstroemia canescens, and other organisms with data available. Farrerol is a natural product found in Daphne aurantiaca, Rhododendron farrerae, and Rhododendron dauricum with data available. Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Febrifugine
Febrifugine is a quinazolinone alkaloid found in the roots and leaves of Dichroa febrifuga, with antimalarial activity [1]. Febrifugine is a quinazolinone alkaloid found in the roots and leaves of Dichroa febrifuga, with antimalarial activity [1].
Kaurenoic_acid
Ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity. It has a role as an anti-HIV-1 agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate. Kaurenoic acid is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia emarginata, and other organisms with data available. An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1]. Kaurenoic acid is a diterpene from Sphagneticola trilobata, inhibits Inflammatory Pain by the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO–cyclic GMP–PKG–ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway[1].
Glabridin
Glabridin is a member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is (R)-isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-pyran group across positions 7 and 8 respectively. It has a role as an antiplasmodial drug. It derives from a hydride of a (R)-isoflavan. Glabridin is a natural product found in Ornithopus sativus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of). C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant > C306 - Bioflavonoid Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2]. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2]. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities[1][2].
Ana B
Ginkgoic acid is a hydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. Ginkgolic acid is a natural product found in Amphipterygium adstringens, Anacardium occidentale, and other organisms with data available. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.
Pulmatin
Chrysophanol 8-O-beta-D-glucoside is a beta-D-glucoside in which the aglycone species is chrysophanol, the glycosidic linkage being to the hydroxy group at C-8. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a monohydroxyanthraquinone. It is functionally related to a chrysophanol. Pulmatin is a natural product found in Selaginella delicatula, Rheum palmatum, and other organisms with data available. Chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside, from the roots of Rumex acetosa, shows moderate elastase inhibition activity[1]. Chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside, from the roots of Rumex acetosa, shows moderate elastase inhibition activity[1].
Glycitin
Glycitin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a methoxyisoflavone, a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. Glycitin is a natural product found in Sorbus cuspidata, Ziziphus spina-christi, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic. Glycitin is a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes; promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.Glycitin is antibacterial, antiviral and estrogenic.
Proanthocyanidin A2
Proanthocyanidin A2 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-HIV agent, a metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a hydroxyflavan and a proanthocyanidin. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Proanthocyanidin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Litchi fruit (part of). Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].
Glycyrrhizin
Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-). Glycyrrhizic acid is extracted from the root of the licorice plant; Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is a triterpene glycoside with glycyrrhetinic acid that possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. When extracted from the plant, it can be obtained in the form of ammonium glycyrrhizin and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizic acid has been developed in Japan and China as a hepatoprotective drug in cases of chronic hepatitis. From January 2014, glycyrrhizic acid as part of the licorice extract was approved by the FDA as an existing food sweetener. It was approved by Health Canada to be used in over-the-counter products but all the products are currently on the status canceled post marketed. Glycyrrhizic acid is a natural product found in Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Abrus precatorius, and other organisms with data available. Glycyrrhizin is a saponin-like compound that provides the main sweet flavor for Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuro-protective, and antineoplastic activities. Glycyrrhizin modulates certain enzymes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and downregulates certain pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby protecting against inflammation- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Glycerrhizin may also suppress the growth of susceptible tumor cells. Glycyrrhyzin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. See also: Enoxolone (has active moiety); Glycyrrhizinate Dipotassium (active moiety of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of) ... View More ... A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05B - Liver therapy, lipotropics > A05BA - Liver therapy A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical > C1905 - Triterpenoid Compound C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities. Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.
Chebulinic_acid
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,11S,12S,13R,21S)-13,17,18-trihydroxy-2,10,14-trioxo-5,21-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]-3,6,9,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.7.1.14,8.016,20]henicosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-11-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula with data available. See also: Terminalia chebula fruit (part of).
Proanthocyanidin A2
Proanthocyanidin A2 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-HIV agent, a metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a hydroxyflavan and a proanthocyanidin. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Proanthocyanidin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Litchi fruit (part of). Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].
3-Aminopropanenitrile
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes[1][2].
Apiin
Apiin is a beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone and a glycosyloxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apiin(1-). Apiin is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Limonium axillare, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1]. Apiin, a major constituent of Apium graveolens leaves with anti-inflammatory properties. Apiin shows significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production (IC50 = 0.08 mg/mL) in-vitro and iNOS expression (IC50 = 0.049 mg/ mL) in LPS-activated J774.A1 cells[1].
Liquiritigenin
Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C15H12O4; Bottle Name:Liquiritigenin; PRIME Parent Name:4,7-Dihydroxyflavanone; PRIME in-house No.:T0084, Pyrans Bottle Name:Liquiritigenin; Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C15H12O4; PRIME Parent Name:4,7-Dihydroxyflavanone; PRIME in-house No.:T0084, Pyrans Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc.
Rhamnocitrin
Rhamnocitrin is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a member of flavonols and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Rhamnocitrin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Hydroxygenkwanin (7-O-Methylluteolin), a natural flavonoid compound, is one of the main components of Lilac Daphne. Hydroxygenkwanin has anti-oxidant ability, anti-glioma ability and anticancer effect[1][2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2]. Rhamnocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Sha-yuan-zi)[1]. Rhamnocitrin is a scavenger of DPPH with an IC50 of 28.38 mM. Rhamnocitrin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and an-tiatherosclerosis activity[2].
Norwogonin
Norwogonin is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. Norwogonin is a natural product found in Scutellaria discolor, Scutellaria strigillosa, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8. Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1] Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1]
Agnuside
Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. It is a terpene glycoside, an iridoid monoterpenoid, a benzoate ester, a member of phenols, a beta-D-glucoside, a cyclopentapyran and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an aucubin. Agnuside is a natural product found in Crescentia cujete, Vitex peduncularis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Vitex negundo leaf (part of). A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1]. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo[1][2][3][4]. Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].
Aucubin
Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids; Origin: Plant Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].
Osthol
Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite. Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica pubescens root (part of). A natural product found in Peucedanum ostruthium and Angelica pubescens. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Origin: Plant, Coumarins Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.
Fasudil
C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
75O1TFF47Z
Phyllanthin is a lignan. Phyllanthin is a natural product found in Phyllanthus debilis, Phyllanthus amarus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Phyllanthus amarus top (part of). Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1]. Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus. Phyllanthin exhibits high antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties[1].
Rhamnetin
Rhamnetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a rhamnetin-3-olate. Rhamnetin is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Ammannia auriculata, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7. 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4h-chromen-4-one, also known as 7-methoxyquercetin or quercetin 7-methyl ether, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4h-chromen-4-one is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4h-chromen-4-one is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4h-chromen-4-one can be found in a number of food items such as tea, apple, sweet orange, and parsley, which makes 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4h-chromen-4-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Protopine
Annotation level-1 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.601 D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.596 IPB_RECORD: 1441; CONFIDENCE confident structure Protopine (Corydinine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a specific reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Protopine exhibits anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity[1][2]. Protopine (Corydinine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a specific reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Protopine exhibits anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity[1][2].
Puerarin
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
rhyncophylline
Rhyncholphylline is an alkaloid compound isolated from Uncaria rhynchophyllum. It has high biological activity and is widely used in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other research. Rhyncholphylline is an alkaloid compound isolated from Uncaria rhynchophyllum. It has high biological activity and is widely used in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other research.
Morin
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2]. Morin, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation[1][2].
Rhoifolin
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3]. Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines[1][2][3].
Chrysophanic acid
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.321 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.322 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.318 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.324 Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.
Lutein
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
losartan
C - Cardiovascular system > C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system > C09C - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain > C09CA - Angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C66930 - Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map D057911 - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists > D047228 - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, competing with the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors with IC50 of 20 nM.
Aminocaproic acid
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02A - Antifibrinolytics > B02AA - Amino acids D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C78311 - Hemostatic Agent D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents 6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders[1][2].
Gramine
Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 4 Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
D010575 - Pesticides > D010574 - Pesticide Synergists D016573 - Agrochemicals
Plicamycin
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C67439 - Bone Resorption Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D00468
Maackiain
Widespread in the Leguminosae subfamily. Constituent of Trifolium pratense (red clover). (-)-Maackiain is found in many foods, some of which are nectarine, chickpea, alaska blueberry, and adzuki bean. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1]. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts[1].
Higenamine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
N-phenylanthranilic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Droloxifene
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Same as: D03911
Ostol
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007155 - Immunologic Factors Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells. Osthole (Osthol) is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthole also suppresses the secretion of HBV in cells.
Crysophanol
D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.
Liquiritigenin
Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc. Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC50 of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc.
8-methoxy-6-nitronaphtho[2,1-g][1,3]benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1]. Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1].
Gramin
Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Gramine (Donaxine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from giant reed[2], acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties[1].
Mipax
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D005404 - Fixatives
Ginkgoic acid
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay. Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC50 of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.
CID 10079877
D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents
Aristolochic_acid
Aristolochic acid A is an aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. It has a role as a nephrotoxin, a carcinogenic agent, a mutagen, a toxin and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a C-nitro compound, a cyclic acetal, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an aromatic ether and a member of aristolochic acids. Aristolochic acid is a natural product found in Thottea duchartrei, Aristolochia, and other organisms with data available. Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae family of plants, including Aristolochia and Asarum (wild ginger), which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. Aristolochic acid I is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia species. Aristolochic acids are often accompanied by aristolactams. See also: Aristolochia fangchi root (part of). An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1]. Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic acid I; TR 1736) is the main component of plant extract Aristolochic acids, which are found in various herbal plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum. Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB activities. Aristolochic acid A reduces BLCAP gene expression in human cell lines[1].
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
A primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Gemcitabine
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis[1][2].
Bleomycin A2
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Pimafucin
A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasma membrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research[1][2].
7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid
A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-en-26-oic acid substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 7 and an oxo group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite in the bile acid synthesis.
GW 9662
GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.
Fenamic acid
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Gibberellin A12
Gibberellin A12. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1164-45-0 (retrieved 2024-10-09) (CAS RN: 1164-45-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Benzo[k]tetraphene
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of considerable tumorigenicity. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene results in DNA adduct formation leading to the activation of a DNA damage response. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via both Tp53-dependent and Tp53-independent mechanisms[1][2].
Galangal acetate
An acetate ester that is chavicol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1.
