Bufalin
Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid toxin[1] originally isolated from Chinese toad venom, which is a component of some traditional Chinese medicines.[2][3] Bufalin has in vitro antitumor effects against various malignant cell lines, including hepatocellular[4] and lung carcinoma.[5] However, as with other bufadienolides, its potential use is hampered by its cardiotoxicity.[6] Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Bufalin is a natural product found in Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufalin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and can induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 via a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2]. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2].
(S)-Boldine
Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. (S)-Boldine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). (S)-Boldine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient. (S)-Boldine is found in sweet bay. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Decursin
Decursin is a member of coumarins. Decursin is a natural product found in Scutellaria lateriflora, Angelica glauca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). D020536 - Enzyme Activators Decursinol angelate is a natural product found in Angelica glauca and Angelica gigas with data available. See also: Angelica gigas root (part of). Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[1][2][3][4]. Decursinol angelate, a cytotoxic and protein kinase C (PKC) activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Diosgenin
Diosgenin is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Diosgenin is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Dracaena draco, and other organisms with data available. A spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. The 25S isomer is called yamogenin. Solasodine is a natural derivative formed by replacing the spiro-ring with a nitrogen, which can rearrange to SOLANINE. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. Diosgenin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Diosgenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Diosgenin can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, yam, and bitter gourd, which makes diosgenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam, such as the Kokoro. The sugar-free (aglycone) product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products . Bottle Name:Diosgenin; Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C27H42O3; Bottle Name:Diosgenin; PRIME Parent Name:Diosgenin; PRIME in-house No.:T0108; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2260 Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].
Cosmosiin
Cosmosiin, also known as apigenin 7-O-glucoside or apigetrin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-O-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Cosmosiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cosmosiin can be found in a number of food items, such as common thyme, white lupine, common oregano, and orange mint. Cosmosiin can also be found in dandelion coffee and in Teucrium gnaphalodes (Wikipedia). Cosmosiin can also be found plants such as wild celery and anise. Cosmosiin has been shown to exhibit anti-platelet function (PMID: 21834233). Apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). It is an enantiomer of an apigenin 7-O-beta-L-glucoside. Cosmosiin is a natural product found in Galeopsis tetrahit, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Apiumetrin, also known as 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4-trihydroxyflavone or cosmosiin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Apiumetrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apiumetrin can be found in wild celery, which makes apiumetrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Annotation level-1 Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2]. Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2].
Amarogentin
Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a secoiridoid glycoside and a monosaccharide derivative. Amarogentin is a natural product found in Swertia japonica, Gentianella nitida, and other organisms with data available. A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3]. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. Amarogentin exhibits many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin exerts hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Amarogentin promotes apoptosis, arrests G2/M cell cycle and downregulates of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Amarogentin exerts beneficial vasculo-metabolic effect by activating AMPK[1][2][3].
Uridine
Uridine, also known as beta-uridine or 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. More specifically, uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Uridine can be synthesized from uracil. It is one of the five standard nucleosides which make up nucleic acids, the others being adenosine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their one-letter codes U, A, T, C and G respectively. Uridine is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, nikkomycin Z, 3-(enolpyruvyl)uridine 5-monophosphate, and 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine. Uridine can be found in most biofluids, including urine, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. Within the cell, uridine is primarily located in the mitochondria, in the nucleus and the lysosome. It can also be found in the extracellular space. As an essential nucleoside, uridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, uridine is involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dhydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and beta-ureidopropionase deficiency. Moreover, uridine is found to be associated with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine plays a role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose. In humans there is no catabolic process to metabolize galactose. Therefore, galactose is converted to glucose and metabolized via the normal glucose metabolism pathways. More specifically, consumed galactose is converted into galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-1-P). This molecule is a substrate for the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase which transfers a UDP molecule to the galactose molecule. The end result is UDP-galactose and glucose-1-phosphate. This process is continued to allow the proper glycolysis of galactose. Uridine is found in many foods (anything containing RNA) but is destroyed in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and so no food, when consumed, has ever been reliably shown to elevate blood uridine levels. On the other hand, consumption of RNA-rich foods may lead to high levels of purines (adenine and guanosine) in blood. High levels of purines are known to increase uric acid production and may aggravate or lead to conditions such as gout. Uridine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a fundamental metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil. Uridine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Uridine is a Pyrimidine Analog. The chemical classification of uridine is Pyrimidines, and Analogs/Derivatives. Uridine is a natural product found in Ulva australis, Synechocystis, and other organisms with data available. Uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine has been studied as a rescue agent to reduce the toxicities associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thereby allowing the administration of higher doses of 5-FU in chemotherapy regimens. (NCI04) Uridine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A ribonucleoside in which RIBOSE is linked to URACIL. Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a b-N1-glycosidic bond. ; Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a ?-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine is found in many foods, some of which are celery leaves, canola, common hazelnut, and hickory nut. A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. [Spectral] Uridine (exact mass = 244.06954) and Adenosine (exact mass = 267.09675) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Uridine (exact mass = 244.06954) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Uridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-96-8 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-96-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Alliin
Alliin /ˈæli.ɪn/ is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic.[1] It is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin and other thiosulfinates in garlic are unstable and form a number of other compounds, such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), dithiins and ajoene.[2] Garlic powder is not a source of alliin, nor is fresh garlic upon maceration, since the enzymatic conversion to allicin takes place in the order of seconds. Alliin was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry.[3] Constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion, garlic, and onion-family vegetables. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is found in garden onion. (R)C(S)S-Alliin is a constituent of garlic oil (Allium sativum), also from ramsons (Allium ursinum). Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Citric acid
Citric acid (citrate) is a tricarboxylic acid, an organic acid with three carboxylate groups. Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA cycle (also known as the Tricarboxylic Acid cycle, the Citric Acid cycle or Krebs cycle). The TCA cycle is a central metabolic pathway for all animals, plants, and bacteria. As a result, citrate is found in all living organisms, from bacteria to plants to animals. In the TCA cycle, the enzyme citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for the enzyme known as aconitase and is then converted into aconitic acid. The TCA cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions in the TCA cycle is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Citrate can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl CoA, which is then converted into malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate. In mammals and other vertebrates, Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals (PMID: 21127269). Citric acid is found in citrus fruits, most concentrated in lemons and limes, where it can comprise as much as 8\\\\\% of the dry weight of the fruit. Citric acid is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods and carbonated drinks. Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies. Citric acid is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators. It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. Intolerance to citric acid in the diet is known to exist. Little information is available as the condition appears to be rare, but like other types of food intolerance it is often described as a "pseudo-allergic" reaction. Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999) Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion. A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium-chelating ability. Citric acid is one of the active ingredients in Phexxi, a non-hormonal contraceptive agent that was approved by the FDA on May 2020. It is also used in combination with magnesium oxide to form magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative. Citric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Anhydrous citric acid is a Calculi Dissolution Agent and Anti-coagulant. The mechanism of action of anhydrous citric acid is as an Acidifying Activity and Calcium Chelating Activity. The physiologic effect of anhydrous citric acid is by means of Decreased Coagulation Factor Activity. Anhydrous Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. See also: Citric Acid Monohydrate (related). Citrate, also known as anhydrous citric acid or 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, belongs to tricarboxylic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups. Citrate is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Citrate can be found in a number of food items such as ucuhuba, loquat, bayberry, and longan, which makes citrate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Citrate can be found primarily in most biofluids, including saliva, sweat, feces, and blood, as well as throughout all human tissues. Citrate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, citrate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include the oncogenic action of succinate, the oncogenic action of fumarate, the oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate, and congenital lactic acidosis. Citrate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E2), fumarase deficiency, and glutaminolysis and cancer. Moreover, citrate is found to be associated with lung Cancer, tyrosinemia I, maple syrup urine disease, and propionic acidemia. A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When part of a salt, the formula of the citrate ion is written as C6H5O73− or C3H5O(COO)33− . A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. Citric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=77-92-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 77-92-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3]. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].
3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].
Cytidine
Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brains extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123, 15780864, 16720547). Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis; as precursor of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathway. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transports of cytidine into the brains extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide, which is involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. Cytidine is a white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cytosine. Cytidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cytidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Castanopsis fissa, and other organisms with data available. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside comprised of a cytosine bound to ribose via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. Cytidine is a precursor for uridine. Both cytidine and uridine are utilized in RNA synthesis. Cytidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE. A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (exact mass = 384.12159) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].
Cucurbitacin B
Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic props. of spoilt cucumbers. Cucurbitacin B is found in many foods, some of which are muskmelon, bitter gourd, green vegetables, and cucumber. Cucurbitacin B is found in bitter gourd. Together wth other cucurbitacins, is responsible for the bitter taste and toxic properties of spoilt cucumber Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B is a natural product found in Begonia plebeja, Trichosanthes miyagii, and other organisms with data available. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. (+)-Cucurbitacin B. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=6199-67-3 (retrieved 2024-08-12) (CAS RN: 6199-67-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Pristimerin
Pristimerin is a carboxylic ester. Pristimerin is a quinone methide triterpenoid researched for its anti-cancer potential. Pristimerin is a natural product found in Reissantia buchananii, Crossopetalum gaumeri, and other organisms with data available. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.
Laurolitsine
Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. Laurolitsine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Laurolitsine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient
D-Pinitol
Widely distributed in plants. Pinitol is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a known anti-diabetic agent isolated from Sutherlandia frutescens leaves. D-Pinitol is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. D-Pinitol is found in many foods, some of which are ginkgo nuts, carob, soy bean, and common pea. D-Pinitol is found in carob. D-Pinitol is widely distributed in plants.Pinitol is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a known anti-diabetic agent isolated from Sutherlandia frutescens leaves. (Wikipedia). D-Pinitol is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products. D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system[1][2]. D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities[3]. D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system[1][2]. D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities[3].
Costunolide
Costunolide is a germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. It has a role as an anthelminthic drug, an antiinfective agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antiviral drug and a metabolite. It is a germacranolide and a heterobicyclic compound. (+)-Costunolide is a natural product found in Magnolia garrettii, Critonia morifolia, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of costus root (Saussurea lappa). Costunolide is found in tarragon, sweet bay, and herbs and spices. Costunolide is found in herbs and spices. Costunolide is a constituent of costus root (Saussurea lappa) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents INTERNAL_ID 2266; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2266 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3]. Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3].
Cucurbitacin
Cucurbitacin S is an 11-oxo steroid. Cucurbitacin S is a natural product found in Cucurbita foetidissima with data available. Triterpenes that derive from LANOSTEROL by a shift of the C19 methyl to the C9 position. They are found in seeds and roots of CUCURBITACEAE and other plants and are noted for intense bitterness.
Perillyl alcohol
Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID: 9855569) [HMDB]. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, ginger, german camomile, and sweet bay. (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol is a perillyl alcohol in which the chiral centre has S configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol. Perillyl alcohol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02704858 (Safety and Efficacy Study in Recurrent Grade IV Glioma). (-)-Perillyl alcohol is a natural product found in Teucrium pestalozzae, Canella winterana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID:9855569). C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1].
(-)-3-Isothujone
(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
lapachone
Beta-lapachone is a benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a benzochromenone and a member of orthoquinones. Lapachone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Carcinoma, Advanced Solid Tumors, Head and Neck Neoplasms, and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell. beta-Lapachone is a natural product found in Markhamia stipulata, Markhamia lutea, and other organisms with data available. Lapachone is a poorly soluble, ortho-naphthoquinone with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activity. Beta-lapachone (b-lap) is bioactivated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), creating a futile oxidoreduction that generates high levels of superoxide. In turn, the highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with DNA, thereby causing single-strand DNA breaks and calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. Eventually, the extensive DNA damage causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an enzyme facilitating DNA repair, accompanied by rapid depletion of NAD+/ATP nucleotide levels. As a result, a caspase-independent and ER-stress induced mu-calpain-mediated cell death occurs in NQO1-overexpressing tumor cells. NQO1, a flavoprotein and two-electron oxidoreductase, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.
(S)-Reticuline
(S)-Reticuline is an endogenous precursor of morphine (PMID: 15383669). (S)-Reticuline is a key intermediate in the synthesis of morphine, the major active metabolite of the opium poppy. "Endogenous morphine" has been long isolated and authenticated by mass spectrometry in trace amounts from animal- and human-specific tissue or fluids (PMID: 15874902). Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were shown capable of synthesizing morphine as well. (S)-Reticuline undergoes a change of configuration at C-1 during its transformation into salutaridinol and thebaine. From thebaine, there is a bifurcate pathway leading to morphine proceeding via codeine or oripavine, in both plants and mammals (PMID 15937106). (S)-reticuline is the (S)-enantiomer of reticuline. It has a role as an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-reticulinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-reticuline. Reticuline is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Berberis integerrima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) and Annona reticulata (custard apple) The (S)-enantiomer of reticuline.
Isopimaric acid
Isopimaric acid is a diterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isopimarate. It derives from a hydride of an isopimara-7,15-diene. Isopimaric acid is a natural product found in Pinus brutia var. eldarica, Halocarpus bidwillii, and other organisms with data available. Isopimaric acid is isolated from Pinus palustris (pitch pine). D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.
Linuron
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4724; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4722 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4711; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4707 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4718; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4717 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4709; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4707 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4732; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4729 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4811; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4807 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 160 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8412 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4031 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2323 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Pseudouridine
Beta-pseudouridine, also known as p or 5-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil, is a member of the class of compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides. These include phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides, among others. Beta-pseudouridine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-pseudouridine can be found in a number of food items such as eggplant, wax gourd, asparagus, and garden cress, which makes beta-pseudouridine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-pseudouridine can be found primarily in amniotic fluid, blood, feces, and urine. Beta-pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, beta-pseudouridine is found to be associated with canavan disease. Pseudouridine, also known as psi-uridine or 5-ribosyluracil, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. These are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides, such as phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides. Pseudouridine specifically has its uracil attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond to the ribofuranose. It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA (PMID: 17113994). Pseudouridine is a solid that is soluble in water. Pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans, and is in all classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA. Pseudouridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1445-07-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1445-07-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
L-Arginine
Arginine (Arg), also known as L-argninine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-asparagine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Arginine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Arginine is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. It is classified as a charged, basic, aliphatic amino acid. Arginine is considered to be a basic amino acid as it has a strongly basic guanidinium group. With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized. This group is able to form multiple H-bonds. In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Infants are unable to effectively synthesize arginine, making it nutritionally essential for infants. Adults, however, are able to synthesize arginine in the urea cycle. L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. It helps dispose of ammonia, is used to make compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, and it can be converted into glucose and glycogen if needed. Arginine also plays an important role in cell division, immunity and wound healing. Arginine is the immediate precursor of nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule which can act as a second messenger, as well as an intercellular messenger which regulates vasodilation, and also has functions in the immune systems reaction to infection. Nitric oxide is made via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (PMID 10690324). Arginine is also a precursor for several important nitrogen-containing compounds including urea, ornithine, and agmatine. Arginine is necessary for the synthesis of creatine and can be used for the synthesis of polyamines (mainly through ornithine and to a lesser degree through agmatine, citrulline, and glutamate.) The presence of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in serum or plasma, a close relative of argninine, inhibits the nitric oxide synthase reaction. ADMA is considered a marker for vascular disease, just as L-arginine is considered a sign of a healthy endothelium. In large doses, L-arginine also stimulates the release of the hormones growth hormone and prolactin. Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially reduces arginine-induced protein synthesis (PMID: 20841502). Catabolic disease states such as sepsis, injury, and cancer cause an increase in arginine utilization, which can exceed normal body production, leading to arginine depletion. Arginine also activates AMP kinase (AMPK) which then stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, thereby increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells (PMID: 21311355). Arginine is found in plant and animal proteins, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts. The ratio of L-arginine to lysine is also important: soy and other plant proteins have more L-arginine than animal sources of protein. [Spectral] L-Arginine (exact mass = 174.11168) and L-Histidine (exact mass = 155.06948) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. L-Arginine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=74-79-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 74-79-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2]. L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline[1][2].
Dihydroorotic acid
4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].
6-Methyladenine
6-Methyladenine is a methylated adenine residue. The formation of internal 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is a postsynthetic modification in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor. 6-Methyladenine residues have also been localized to heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), and for the most part these residues are conserved during mRNA processing. Although the biological significance of internal adenine methylation in eucaryotic mRNA remains unclear, a great deal of research has indicated that this modification may be required for mRNA transport to the cytoplasm, the selection of splice sites or other RNA processing reactions. The presence of m6A residues increases the in vitro translation efficiency of dihydrofolate reductase; an inhibition of m6A residues in dihydrofolate reductase transcripts significantly alters their rate of translation. m6A is found in many human fluids: oviductal fluid, blood plasma and urine. (PMID: 1551452, 8925412, 10481270, 16083005, 16684535, 3506820, 3728186) [HMDB] 6-Methyladenine is a methylated adenine residue. The formation of internal 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is a postsynthetic modification in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor. 6-Methyladenine residues have also been localized to heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), and for the most part these residues are conserved during mRNA processing. Although the biological significance of internal adenine methylation in eucaryotic mRNA remains unclear, a great deal of research has indicated that this modification may be required for mRNA transport to the cytoplasm, the selection of splice sites or other RNA processing reactions. The presence of m6A residues increases the in vitro translation efficiency of dihydrofolate reductase; an inhibition of m6A residues in dihydrofolate reductase transcripts significantly alters their rate of translation. m6A is found in many human fluids: oviductal fluid, blood plasma and urine (PMID:1551452, 8925412, 10481270, 16083005, 16684535, 3506820, 3728186). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators KEIO_ID M072
Hexaconazole
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9950; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9948 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9938; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9937 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9900; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9899 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9947; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9912; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9911 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1269; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9988; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9986
Thiacloprid
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7159; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7155 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7152; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7150 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7161; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7158 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7190; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7188 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7200; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7197 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 52; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 INTERNAL_ID 52; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7197; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7195 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3024 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8424 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2954; CONFIDENCE standard compound
PUROMYCIN
An aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, that causes premature chain termination during translation taking place in the ribosome. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents KEIO_ID P075; [MS2] KO009213 KEIO_ID P075
Prostaglandin E2
The naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known in medicine as dinoprostone, and it is the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects during labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix). PGE2 is also the prostaglandin that ultimately induces fever. PGE2 has been shown to increase vasodilation and cAMP production, enhance the effects of bradykinin and histamine, and induce uterine contractions and platelet aggregation. PGE2 is also responsible for maintaining the open passageway of the fetal ductus arteriosus, decreasing T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte migration, and activating the secretion of IL-1α and IL-2. PGE2 exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation, and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC). PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype (PMID:16978535). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent and are able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Dinoprostone is a naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects in labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix). PGE2 has been shown to increase vasodilation and cAMP production, to enhance the effects of bradykinin and histamine, induction of uterine contractions and of platelet aggregation. PGE2 is also responsible for maintaining the open passageway of the fetal ductus arteriosus; decreasing T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte migration and activating the secretion of IL-1α and IL-2. PGE2 exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC), and PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype. (PMID: 16978535) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AD - Prostaglandins Chemical was purchased from CAY14010, (Lot 0410966-34); Diagnostic ions: 351.8, 333.1, 271.1, 188.9 D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics C78568 - Prostaglandin Analogue Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
4-tert-Butylphenol
4-tert-Butylphenol, also known as butylphen or PTBP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. 4-tert-Butylphenol is a leather and oakmoss tasting compound. 4-tert-Butylphenol has been detected, but not quantified, in herbs and spices. 4-Tert-butylphenol is structurally similar to the melanin precursor tyrosine, and acts as a substrate for tyrosinase. 4-tert-Butylphenol is a potentially toxic compound. Tyrosinase oxidizes 4-tert-butylphenol to a quinone (4-tert-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione) which in turn rapidly reacts with glutathione (GSH). A depletion of the GSH defence system may allow the quinone to generate reactive oxygen species that damage melanocytes and induce apoptosis, leading to leukoderma/vitiligo.
Terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid is a benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a terephthalate(1-). Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic acids. It finds important use as a commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound for the manufacture of polyester (specifically PET), used in clothing and to make plastic bottles. It is also known as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and it has the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic acids. It finds important use as a commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound for the manufacture of polyester (specifically PET), used in clothing and to make plastic bottles. It is also known as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and it has the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3335; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3333 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3324; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3322 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3316; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3314 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3300; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3298 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 889; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3319; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3316 D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID T100 Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles.
Etodolac
Etodolac is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its therapeutic effects are due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. It is indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Similar to other NSAIDs, the anti-inflammatory effects of etodolac result from inhibition of the enzyme cycooxygenase (COX). This decreases the synthesis of peripheral prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation. Etodolac binds to the upper portion of the COX enzyme active site and prevents its substrate, arachidonic acid, from entering the active site. Etodolac was previously thought to be a non-selective COX inhibitor, but it is now known to be 5 – 50 times more selective for COX-2 than COX-1. Antipyresis may occur by central action on the hypothalamus, resulting in peripheral dilation, increased cutaneous blood flow, and subsequent heat loss. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KEIO_ID E034; [MS2] KO008956 KEIO_ID E034
5-Fluorouridine
5-Fluorouridine is a metabolite of fluorouracil. Fluorouracil (5-FU or f5U) (sold under the brand names Adrucil, Carac, Efudix, Efudex and Fluoroplex) is a drug that is a pyrimidine analog which is used in the treatment of cancer. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. It is typically administered with leucovorin. (Wikipedia) 5-Fluorouridine, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (HY-90006), is a potent ribozyme self-cleavage inhibitor. 5-Fluorouridine incorporates into both total and poly A RNA and has antiproliferative activity. 5-Fluorouridine induces apoptosis[1][2][3].
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug. It is a member of the amphetamine group of sympathomimetic amines. Methamphetamine can induce effects such as euphoria, increased alertness and energy, and enhanced self-esteem. It is a scheduled drug in most countries due to its high potential for addiction and abuse. N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2829 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Zalcitabine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3-hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of 5 to 3 phosphodiester linkages, which are needed for the elongation of DNA chains, thus resulting in the termination of viral DNA growth. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors KEIO_ID Z001 Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.
Danazol
Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903) [HMDB] Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9858 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9824; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9822 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9882; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9880 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9865 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9843; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9841 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Fluridone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8814; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8813 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8806; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8805 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8777; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8775 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8811; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8810 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8752; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 704; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8718; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8717 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
OMETHOATE
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3027
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). [PubChem]Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Doxycycline prevents the normal function of the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum, a malaria causing organism. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
trifluralin
D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 123 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Phosalone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9787; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9783 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9765; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9762 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9728 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9703; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9702 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9750; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9747 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 175; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9781; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9778 Phosalone is an organophosphate chemical commonly used as an insecticide and acaricide. It is developed by Rhone-Poulenc in France but EU eliminated it from pesticide registration on December 2006. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
Iprodione
Iprodione is an Agricultural and horticultural fungicid CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3060 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides
Tetrabromobisphenol A
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 495; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5465; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 495; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5484 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 495; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5496; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5494 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 495; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5494; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 495; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5505; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5503 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8638 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8242
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1032 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8252 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8790 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2463 D005411 - Flame Retardants
beta-Lapachone
[Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_30eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_50eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_10eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_20eV_CB000050.txt [Raw Data] CB138_beta-Lapachone_pos_40eV_CB000050.txt β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.
Kaempferol 3-O-beta-robinoside 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside
Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, also known as kaempherol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside can be found in common bean, which makes kaempferol 3-o-beta-robinoside 7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].
Zidovudine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), widely used to treat HIV infection. Zidovudine increases CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing frequency.
(S)-Laudanosine
(S)-Laudanosine is found in opium poppy. (S)-Laudanosine is an alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy Alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy). (S)-Laudanosine is found in opium poppy. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].
Carprofen
Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used by veterinarians as a supportive treatment for the relief of arthritic symptoms in geriatric dogs. Carprofen was previously used in human medicine for over 10 years (1985-1995). It was generally well tolerated, with the majority of adverse effects being mild, such as gastro-intestinal pain and nausea, similar to those recorded with aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is no longer marketed for human usage, after being withdrawn on commercial grounds. [Wikipedia] C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
Arecoline
Arecoline is a tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist and a metabolite. It is a tetrahydropyridine, an enoate ester, a pyridine alkaloid and a methyl ester. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is a natural product found in Piper betle and Areca catechu with data available. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease. Arecoline has been shown to exhibit apoptotic, excitant and steroidogenic functions (A7876, A7878, A7879). Arecoline belongs to the family of Alkaloids and Derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands. Arecoline is found in nuts. Arecoline is isolated from betel nuts Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. Since one of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is a cognitive decline, arecoline was suggested as a treatment to slow down this process and arecoline administered via i.v. route did indeed show modest verbal and spatial memory improvement in Alzheimers patients, though due to arecolines possible carcinogenic properties, it is not the first drug of choice for this degenerative disease A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist
Roseoflavin
A benzopteridine that is riboflavin in which the methyl group at position 8 is substituted by a dimethylamino group.
Gambogic acid
Isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic acid is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Gambogic acid is found in fruits. Gambogic acid is isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.
Adrenic acid
Adrenic acid, also known as 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid or adrenate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Adrenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Adrenic acid can be found in blood and in human myelin tissue. Within the cell, adrenic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm, in the membrane (predicted from logP), and in the peroxisome. It can also be found in the extracellular space. In humans, adrenic acid is involved in alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Docosatetraenoic acid designates any straight chain 22:4 fatty acid. In particular, all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid with the trivial name adrenic acid (AdA). This is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid formed through a 2-carbon chain elongation of arachidonic acid. It is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain. This unsaturated fatty acid is also metabolized by cells into biologically active products, such as dihomoprostaglandins and dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (dihomo-EETs) (Wikipedia). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be a potential prothrombotic agent (PMID: 1642692). Adrenic acid, which is a prostacyclin inhibitor, appears to be potential prothrombotic agent. (PMID 1642692) [HMDB]
Primolut depot
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10390; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10389 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10375; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10374 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10383; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10381 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10318; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10317 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 655; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10339; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10337 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
Flunisolide
Flunisolide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis.Flunisolide is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Flunisolide binds to plasma transcortin, and it becomes active when it is not bound to transcortin. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2812 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Fumitremorgin C
Fumitremorgin C is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri. Production by Aspergillus fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri Fumitremorgin C. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=118974-02-0 (retrieved 2024-08-26) (CAS RN: 118974-02-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid
Dihomolinolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid or (11z,14z,17z)-eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, dihomolinolenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Dihomolinolenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihomolinolenic acid can be found in evening primrose, which makes dihomolinolenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Dihomolinolenic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 series. In normal humans, it represents less than 0.25\\% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. However, it is one of the most active essential fatty acids when assayed for the inhibition of fatty acid elongation/desaturation reactions which convert dietary C-18 fatty acids to C-20 eicosanoid precursors. (http://www.caymanchem.com)
Gluconolactone
Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar. Food additive; uses include acidifier, pH control agent, sequestrant C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides Same as: D03468
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine
Aspartylglycosamine, also known as n4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine or 1-beta-aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Aspartylglycosamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aspartylglycosamine can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human spleen tissue. Within the cell, aspartylglycosamine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, aspartylglycosamine is found to be associated with aspartylglucosaminuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria corresponding to decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, which is a metabolic disorder associated with decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. [HMDB]
Lysergide
Lysergic acid diethylamide is an ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. It has a role as a hallucinogen, a serotonergic agonist and a dopamine agonist. It is an ergoline alkaloid, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a lysergamide. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66885 - Serotonin Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist
N-Nitrosopiperidine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3453 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
2,4,6-Tribromophenol, also known as 2,4,6-TBP or bromol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-bromophenols. These are bromophenols carrying a iodine at the C4 position of the benzene ring. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as crustaceans, fishes, and mollusks. This could make 2,4,6-tribromophenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol is a potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4940; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4936 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4952; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4950 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4925; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4923 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4957; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4955 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1310; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4956; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4953 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8167
Dofetilide
Dofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in individuals prone to the formation of atrial fibrillation and flutter, and for the chemical cardioversion to sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation and flutter. [Wikipedia] C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BD - Antiarrhythmics, class iii C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
Palatinose
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Procarbazine
Procarbazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkins disease. [PubChem]The precise mode of cytotoxic action of procarbazine has not been clearly defined. There is evidence that the drug may act by inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis. Studies have suggested that procarbazine may inhibit transmethylation of methyl groups of methionine into t-RNA. The absence of functional t-RNA could cause the cessation of protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. In addition, procarbazine may directly damage DNA. Hydrogen peroxide, formed during the auto-oxidation of the drug, may attack protein sulfhydryl groups contained in residual protein which is tightly bound to DNA. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XB - Methylhydrazines C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Oxymetholone
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Blasticidin S
Contact fungicide used against rice blast disease in Japan Blasticidin S is an antibiotic used to select transformed cells in genetic engineering. In short, DNA of interest is fused to DNA encoding a resistance gene, and then is transformed into cells. After allowing time for recovery and for cells to begin transcribing and translating their new DNA, blasticidin is added. Now only the cells that have the new DNA can grow D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents KEIO_ID B019; [MS3] KO008877 KEIO_ID B019; [MS2] KO008876 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID B019
Deoxyribose 1-phosphate
Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D013 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
1,5-Diphenylcarbazide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents KEIO_ID D166; [MS2] KO009100 KEIO_ID D166
Ganciclovir
Ganciclovir is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. [PubChem]Ganciclovirs antiviral activity inhibits virus replication. This inhibitory action is highly selective as the drug must be converted to the active form by a virus-encoded cellular enzyme, thymidine kinase (TK). TK catalyzes phosphorylation of ganciclovir to the monophosphate, which is then subsequently converted into the diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into the triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In vitro, ganciclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. When used as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, ganciclovir triphosphate competitively inhibits dATP leading to the formation of faulty DNA. This is where ganciclovir triphosphate is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention of DNA synthesis, as phosphodiester bridges can longer to be built, destabilizing the strand. Ganciclovir inhibits viral DNA polymerases more effectively than it does cellular polymerase, and chain elongation resumes when ganciclovir is removed. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AB - Nucleosides and nucleotides excl. reverse transcriptase inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AD - Antivirals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29575 - DNA Polymerase Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent KEIO_ID G088; [MS2] KO008989 KEIO_ID G088 Ganciclovir (BW 759), a nucleoside analogue, is an orally active antiviral agent with activity against CMV. Ganciclovir also has activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Ganciclovir inhibits the in vitro replication of human herpes viruses (HSV 1 and 2, CMV) and adenovirus serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 22 and 28. Ganciclovir has an IC50 of 5.2 μM for feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and can diffuse into the brain[1][2][3].
delta-Tocotrienol
delta-Tocotrienol, also known as 8-methyltocotrienol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tocotrienols. These are vitamin E derivatives containing an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. They differ from tocopherols that contain a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain. Thus, delta-tocotrienol is considered to be a quinone lipid molecule. delta-Tocotrienol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. delta-Tocotrienol is found in American cranberry and palm oil. It is a nutriceutical with anticancer properties and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Constituent of palm oil. Nutriceutical with anticancer props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. d-Tocotrienol is found in many foods, some of which are fennel, caraway, coconut, and lichee. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Neoxanthin
Neoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Neoxanthin is an intermediate in the synthesis of abscisic acid from violaxanthin. Neoxanthin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as apples, paprikas, Valencia oranges, kiwis, globe artichokes, sparkleberries, hard wheat, and cinnamon. This could make neoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoxanthin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions (PMID: 15333710, 15333710). Neoxanthin is a carotenoid and xanthophyll. In plants, it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced from violaxanthin by the action of neoxanthin synthase. It is a major xanthophyll found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach. [Wikipedia] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Violaxanthin
Violaxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, violaxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Violaxanthin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Violaxanthin is an orange-coloured pigment that is found in brown algae and various plants (e.g. pansies). It is biosynthesized from the epoxidation of zeaxanthin. Violaxanthin is a food additive that is only approved for use in Australia and New Zealand (INS: 161e) (PMID: 29890662). 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as violaxanthin cycle; Xanthophyll; a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of abscisic acid biosynthesis; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution). (all-E)-Violaxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are orange bell pepper, passion fruit, pepper (c. annuum), and italian sweet red pepper. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Toyomycin
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D002865 - Chromomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes Same as: D02062
Xanthoxylin
obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree). Xanthoxylin is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, german camomile, fats and oils, and pomegranate. Xanthoxylin is found in fats and oils. Xanthoxylin is obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].
penitrem A
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].
PG(16:0/18:1(9Z))
PG(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylglycerol or glycerophospholipid (PG or GP). It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PG(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of oleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the oleic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils, especially olive and canola oil. Phosphatidylglycerol is present at a level of 1-2\\% in most animal tissues, but it can be the second most abundant phospholipid in lung surfactant at up to 11\\% of the total. It is well established that the concentration of phosphatidylglycerol increases during fetal development. Phosphatidylglycerol may be present in animal tissues merely as a precursor for diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin). Phosphatidylglycerol is formed from phosphatidic acid by a sequence of enzymatic reactions that proceeds via the intermediate, cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol). Bioynthesis proceeds by condensation of phosphatidic acid and cytidine triphosphate with elimination of pyrophosphate via the action of phosphatidate cytidyltransferase (or CDP-synthase). CDP-diacylglycerol then reacts with glycerol-3-phosphate via phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase to form 3-sn-phosphatidyl-1-sn-glycerol 3-phosphoric acid, with the release of cytidine monophosphate (CMP). Finally, phosphatidylglycerol is formed by the action of specific phosphatases. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. PGs have a net charge of -1 at physiological pH and are found in high concentration in mitochondrial membranes and as components of pulmonary surfactant. PG also serves as a precursor for the synthesis of cardiolipin. PG is synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol and glycerol-3-phosphate. PG(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylglycerol. Phosphatidylglycerols consist of a glycerol 3-phosphate backbone esterified to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PG(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one hexadecanoyl chain to the C-1 atom, and one 9Z-octadecenoyl to the C-2 atom. In E. coli glycerophospholipid metabolism, phosphatidylglycerol is formed from phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by a sequence of enzymatic reactions that proceeds via two intermediates, cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP, a phosphorylated phosphatidylglycerol). Phosphatidylglycerols, along with CDP-diacylglycerol, also serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in membranes.
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) -- Pubchem; The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal), is a gas with a pungent smell. It is the simplest aldehyde. Its chemical formula is H2CO. Formaldehyde was first synthesized by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859 but was conclusively identified by August Wilhelm van Hofmann in 1867. Although formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, it is readily soluble in water, and it is most commonly sold as a 37\\% solution in water called by trade names such as formalin or formol. In water, formaldehyde polymerizes, and formalin actually contains very little formaldehyde in the form of H2CO monomer. Usually, these solutions contain a few percent methanol to limit the extent of polymerization. Formaldehyde exhibits most of the general chemical properties of the aldehydes, except that is generally more reactive than other aldehydes. Formaldehyde is a potent electrophile. It can participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aromatic compounds and can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with alkenes. In the presence of basic catalysts, formaldehyde undergoes a Cannizaro reaction to produce formic acid and methanol. Because formaldehyde resins are used in many construction materials, including plywood, carpet, and spray-on insulating foams, and because these resins slowly give off formaldehyde over time, formaldehyde is one of the more common indoor air pollutants. At concentrations above 0.1 mg/kg in air, inhaled formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, resulting in watery eyes, headache, a burning sensation in the throat, and difficulty breathing. -- Wikipedia. A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Formaldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, lentils, coriander, and allspice. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants D005404 - Fixatives
Prostaglandin H2
Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is the first intermediate in the biosynthesis of all prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the enzyme COX-1 and COX-2, which are also called PGH synthase 1 and 2. These enzymes generate a reactive intermediate PGH2 which has a reasonably long half-life (90-100 s) but is highly lipophilic. PGH2 is converted into the biologically active prostaglandins by prostaglandin isomerases, yielding PGE2, PGD2, and PGF2, or by thromboxane synthase to make TXA2 or by prostacyclin synthase to make PGI2. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and indomethacin inhibit both PGH synthase 1 and 2. A key feature for eicosanoid transcellular biosynthesis is the export of PGH2 or LTA4 from the donor cell as well as the uptake of these reactive intermediates by the acceptor cell. Very little is known about either process despite the demonstrated importance of both events. In cells, PGH2 rearranges nonenzymatically to LGs even in the presence of enzymes that use PGH2 as a substrate. When platelets form thromboxane A2 (TXA2) from endogenous arachidonic acid (AA), PGH2 reaches concentrations very similar to those of TXA2 and high enough to produce strong platelet activation. Therefore, platelet activation by TXA2 appears to go along with an activation by PGH2. The agonism of PGH2 is limited by the formation of inhibitory prostaglandins, especially PGD2 at higher concentrations. That is why thromboxane synthase inhibitors in PRP and at a physiological HSA concentration do not augment platelet activation (PMID: 2798452, 15650407, 16968946). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent and are able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin h2, also known as pgh2 or 9s,11r-epidioxy-15s-hydroxy-5z,13e-prostadienoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. Prostaglandins and related compounds are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid. Thus, prostaglandin h2 is considered to be an eicosanoid lipid molecule. Prostaglandin h2 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Prostaglandin h2 can be found in a number of food items such as gooseberry, evergreen huckleberry, quince, and capers, which makes prostaglandin h2 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Prostaglandin h2 can be found primarily in human platelet tissue. In humans, prostaglandin h2 is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include magnesium salicylate action pathway, ketorolac action pathway, trisalicylate-choline action pathway, and salicylate-sodium action pathway. Prostaglandin h2 is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include leukotriene C4 synthesis deficiency and tiaprofenic acid action pathway. Prostaglandin h2 is acted upon by: Prostacyclin synthase to create prostacyclin Thromboxane-A synthase to create thromboxane A2 and 12-(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) (see 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid) Prostaglandin D2 synthase to create prostaglandin D2 Prostaglandin E synthase to create prostaglandin E2 Prostaglandin h2 rearranges non-enzymatically to: A mixture of 12-(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 12-(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (see 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid) Use of Prostaglandin H2: regulating the constriction and dilation of blood vessels stimulating platelet aggregation Effects of Aspirin on Prostaglandin H2: Aspirin has been hypothesized to block the conversion of arachidonic acid to Prostaglandin . D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides
Pepstatin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D010436 - Pepstatins C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor Pepstatin (Pepstatin A) is a specific, orally active aspartic protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively. Pepstatin also inhibits HIV protease[1][2]. Pepstatin (Pepstatin A) is a specific, orally active aspartic protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively. Pepstatin also inhibits HIV protease[1][2].
3,5-Cyclic IMP
A 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.
6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone
6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone, also known as D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate or 6-pgdl, is a member of the class of compounds known as hexose phosphates. Hexose phosphates are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found in a number of food items such as chicory leaves, pepper (c. chinense), opium poppy, and green bell pepper, which makes 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is involved in warburg effect, which is a metabolic disorder. 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (d-6PGL) is the immediate product of the Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), the first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate pathway. (PMID 3711719). The pentose-phosphate pathway provides reductive power and nucleotide precursors to the cell through oxidative and nonoxidative branches. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is the second enzyme of the oxidative branch and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactones, the products of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. By efficiently catalyzing the hydrolysis of d-6PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase prevents the reaction between d-6PGL and intracellular nucleophiles; such a reaction would interrupt the functioning of the pentose-phosphate pathway. (PMID 11457850).
Docebenone
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor Docebenone (AA 861) is a potent, selective and orally active 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor.
Hygromycin B
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Lauroyl-CoA
Lauroyl-CoA is a substrate for Protein FAM34A. [HMDB]. Lauroyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are apricot, hazelnut, other soy product, and thistle. Lauroyl-CoA is a substrate for Protein FAM34A.
Phytanoyl-CoA
Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsums syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698). [HMDB] Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsums syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698).
L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate
L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is found in animal foods. L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is isolated from numerous animals including chicken, fish and reptile Isolated from numerous animals including chicken, fish and reptiles. L-2-Aminoethyl seryl phosphate is found in fishes and animal foods.
1,2-Epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA is a beta-oxidation intermediate derivative of palmitoyl-CoA and the substrate of the enzyme peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (PTE-2, EC 3.1.2.2), which is localized in the peroxisome. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation system contains two sets of enzymes, one of which is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and intermediates in the hepatic bile acid biosynthetic pathway and consists of one or two branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase(s), a D-specific bifunctional protein and the sterol carrier-like protein x (SCPx). Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. They play an indispensable role in the metabolism of a variety of lipids including very long-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic fatty acids, bile acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, pristanic acid, and xenobiotic fatty acids. (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA may accumulate intracellularly in certain long-chain fatty acid/j-oxidation deficiencies. Succinate-driven synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate is progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA. (PMID: 11673457, 8739955, 7662716) [HMDB] (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA is a beta-oxidation intermediate derivative of palmitoyl-CoA and the substrate of the enzyme peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (PTE-2, EC 3.1.2.2), which is localized in the peroxisome. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation system contains two sets of enzymes, one of which is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and intermediates in the hepatic bile acid biosynthetic pathway and consists of one or two branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase(s), a D-specific bifunctional protein and the sterol carrier-like protein x (SCPx). Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. They play an indispensable role in the metabolism of a variety of lipids including very long-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic fatty acids, bile acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, pristanic acid, and xenobiotic fatty acids. (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA may accumulate intracellularly in certain long-chain fatty acid/j-oxidation deficiencies. Succinate-driven synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate is progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA. (PMID: 11673457, 8739955, 7662716).
4,4'-Diaminodibutylamine
4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a flavouring Constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). Flavouring. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in soy bean and cereals and cereal products.
Lomustine
Lomustine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. [PubChem]Lomustine is a highly lipophilic nitrosourea compound which undergoes hydrolysis in vivo to form reactive metabolites. These metabolites cause alkylation and cross-linking of DNA (at the O6 position of guanine-containing bases) and RNA, thus inducing cytotoxicity. Other biologic effects include inhibition of DNA synthesis and some cell cycle phase specificity. Nitrosureas generally lack cross-resistance with other alkylating agents. As lomustine is a nitrosurea, it may also inhibit several key processes such as carbamoylation and modification of cellular proteins. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Nedocromil
Nedocromil is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. [PubChem]Nedocromil has been shown to inhibit the in vitro activation of, and mediator release from, a variety of inflammatory cell types associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. Nedocromil inhibits activation and release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin D2 and leukotrienes c4 from different types of cells in the lumen and mucosa of the bronchial tree. These mediators are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways. The mechanism of action of nedocromil may be due partly to inhibition of axon reflexes and release of sensory neuropeptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin-geneñrelated peptides. The result is inhibition of bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction. Nedocromil does not posess any bronchodilator, antihistamine, or corticosteroid activity. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000082142 - Mast Cell Stabilizers D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
Prednisolone Acetate
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Patuletin
Pigment from flowers of French marigold Tagetes patula. Patuletin is found in german camomile, herbs and spices, and spinach. Patuletin is found in german camomile. Patuletin is a pigment from flowers of French marigold Tagetes patul D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
quercetagetin
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Anthricin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D018796 - Immunoconjugates D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007136 - Immunoglobulins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D000906 - Antibodies D009676 - Noxae > D000922 - Immunotoxins Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3].
3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde
3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is found in highbush blueberry. 3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is a flavouring agent used in cherry and vanilla flavour Flavouring agent used in cherry and vanilla flavours. 3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde is found in pepper (spice), highbush blueberry, and vanilla.
CB3717
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Telomestatin
Telomestatin is a naturally occurring organic compound classified as a cyclic phenolphthioceramide derivative. It is isolated from the fermentation broth of microorganisms and is known for its antitumor properties. The name "telomestatin" reflects its primary mode of action, which is the inhibition of telomerase, an enzyme crucial for the maintenance of chromosome stability and cell proliferation, particularly in cancer cells where telomerase activity is often elevated. Telomerase is responsible for adding repetitive DNA sequences called telomeres to the ends of chromosomes, which prevents the loss of genetic material during DNA replication and cell division. By inhibiting telomerase, telomestatin interferes with the ability of cancer cells to divide and proliferate, making it a potential candidate for antitumor therapy. The compound's unique chemical structure allows it to bind specifically to the telomerase RNA component, thereby blocking the enzyme's activity. The discovery and study of telomestatin have contributed to the understanding of telomerase biology and the development of potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Difluprednate
Difluprednate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 24, 2008. Corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins (lipocortins). It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid Same as: D01266 Difluprednate is a topical corticosteroid, which is thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins (lipocortins). Difluprednate is used for the symptomatic treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery.
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol
This compound belongs to the family of Pyrenes. These are compounds containing a pyrene moiety, which consists four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide, also known as BPDE or benzo(a)Pyrene diol epoxide, is classified as a member of the Pyrenes. Pyrenes are compounds containing a pyrene moiety, which consists four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. It is a carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which forms adducts with DNA and proteins and is hydrolysed to BPDE tetrols. It is used as a marker for BaP exposure (a surrogate marker for PAHs). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Hygromycin B
Hygromycin B is a fda approved antibiotic food additive for swine and poultry Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. In the laboratory it is used for the selection and maintenance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that contain the hygromycin resistance gene. The resistance gene is a kinase that inactivates hygromycin B through phosphorylation. Since the discovery of hygromycin-resistance genes, hygromycin B has become a standard selection antibiotic in gene transfer experiments in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents FDA approved antibiotic food additive for swine and poultry Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
DL-Arginine
DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.
Alliin
Alliin, also known as (S)-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide or (S)-3-(allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Alliin is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alliin can be found in a number of food items such as red rice, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), ceylon cinnamon, and olive, which makes alliin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Garlic has been used since antiquity as a therapeutic remedy for certain conditions now associated with oxygen toxicity, and, when this was investigated, garlic did indeed show strong antioxidant and hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties, it is presumed owing to the alliin contained within. Alliin has also been found to affect immune responses in blood . 3-(Allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine is a L-alpha-amino acid. Alliin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=556-27-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 556-27-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Alliin is the main active component of garlic. (±)-Alliin is a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro)[1]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Pinitol
D-pinitol is the D-enantiomer of pinitol. It has a role as a geroprotector and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is functionally related to a 1D-chiro-inositol. It is an enantiomer of a L-pinitol. Methylinositol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia and Alzheimers Disease. D-Pinitol is a natural product found in Aegialitis annulata, Senna macranthera var. micans, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer). D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system[1][2]. D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities[3]. D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system[1][2]. D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities[3].
Robinin
Robinin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Robinin is a natural product found in Aconitum anthora, Astragalus aegobromus, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1]. Robinin is present in?flavonoid?fraction of?Vigna unguiculata?leaf. Robinin inhibits upregulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Robinin ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein?(Ox-LDL) induced inflammatory insult through TLR4/NF-κB pathway[1].
Diosgenin
Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].
penitrem A
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].
DL-Methamphetamine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018765 - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Thiacloprid
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides > D000073943 - Neonicotinoids D016573 - Agrochemicals
(E)-Butylidene phthalide
(e)-butylidene phthalide, also known as 3-butylidene-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone, is a member of the class of compounds known as isobenzofuranones. Isobenzofuranones are compounds containing a 2-benzofuran moiety that carries an oxo group at the 1 position (e)-butylidene phthalide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (e)-butylidene phthalide can be found in wild celery, which makes (e)-butylidene phthalide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].
Anthemoside
Constituent of Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile). Anthemoside is found in herbs and spices.
Uridine
C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Pseudouridine
Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
Perillyl alcohol
Perillyl alcohol is a limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Perillyl alcohol is a natural product found in Trachyspermum anethifolium, Geum heterocarpum, and other organisms with data available. Perillyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring monoterpene related to limonene with antineoplastic activity. Perillyl alcohol inhibits farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase, thereby preventing post-translational protein farnesylation and isoprenylation and activation of oncoproteins such as p21-ras, and arresting tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (NCI04) Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID: 9855569) [HMDB]. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, ginger, german camomile, and sweet bay. Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. In animal studies it has been shown to regress pancreatic, mammary, and liver tumors, to exhibit possible application as a chemopreventative agent for colon, skin, and lung cancer, and as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, and prostate and colon cancer.(PMID:9855569). A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2020 - Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. (S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1]. Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene,?is active in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells without affecting normal cells[1].
Xanthoxylin
obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree). Xanthoxylin is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, german camomile, fats and oils, and pomegranate. Xanthoxylin is a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to a phloroglucinol. Xanthoxylin is a natural product found in Euphorbia portulacoides, Pulicaria incisa, and other organisms with data available. Xanthoxylin is found in fats and oils. Xanthoxylin is obtained from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
Gluconolactone
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
Gedunin
A natural product found in Azadirachta indica. Gedunin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata. It has a role as an antimalarial, an antineoplastic agent, a Hsp90 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a limonoid, an acetate ester, an epoxide, an enone, a member of furans, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a lactone. Gedunin is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Cedrela odorata, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata.
Thujone
α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
(Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in herbs and spices. (Z)-3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is a constituent of Angelica glauca Flavouring ingredient. 3-Butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is found in wild celery and lovage. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].
Neoxanthin
9-cis-neoxanthin is a neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9 position, which is cis. It is a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid and a neoxanthin. Neoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia rangiferina, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Cucurbitacin B
Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5].
Costunolide
Costunolide is a germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. It has a role as an anthelminthic drug, an antiinfective agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antiviral drug and a metabolite. It is a germacranolide and a heterobicyclic compound. (+)-Costunolide is a natural product found in Magnolia garrettii, Critonia morifolia, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics A germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3]. Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells[1][2][3].
AS 2-3
Deoxypodophyllotoxin is a member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a lignan, a furonaphthodioxole, a gamma-lactone and a member of methoxybenzenes. Deoxypodophyllotoxin is a natural product found in Austrocedrus chilensis, Libocedrus bidwillii, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D018796 - Immunoconjugates D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007136 - Immunoglobulins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D000906 - Antibodies D009676 - Noxae > D000922 - Immunotoxins Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3].
Quercetagetin
Quercetagetin is a hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of flavonols and a hexahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. Quercetagetin is a natural product found in Calanticaria bicolor, Tagetes subulata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of). A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
Zidovudine
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1589 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor > C97452 - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3287 Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), widely used to treat HIV infection. Zidovudine increases CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing frequency.
etodolac
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3308
Doxycycline
Tetracycline in which the 5beta-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group, while the 6alpha-hydroxy group is replaced by hydrogen. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01A - Tetracyclines > J01AA - Tetracyclines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C1595 - Tetracycline Antibiotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3678
Boldine
Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid. Boldine is a natural product found in Lindera umbellata, Damburneya salicifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (s)-boldine is a member of the class of compounds known as aporphines. Aporphines are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system or a dehydrogenated derivative thereof (s)-boldine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-boldine can be found in sweet bay, which makes (s)-boldine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C19H21NO4; Bottle Name:Boldine hydrochloride; PRIME Parent Name:Boldine; PRIME in-house No.:V0322; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.487 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.480 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.482 IPB_RECORD: 841; CONFIDENCE confident structure Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Laudanosine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.628 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.624 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2441; CONFIDENCE confident structure DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1]. DL-Laudanosine, an Atracurium and Cisatracurium metabolite, crosses the blood–brain barrier and may cause excitement and seizure activity[1].
Cytidine
MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ_STSL_0155_Cytidine_8000fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_107; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.051 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].
Uridine
C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; DRTQHJPVMGBUCF_STSL_0179_Uridine_8000fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_83; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.088 Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Dofetilide
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BD - Antiarrhythmics, class iii C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
chromomycin a3
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D002865 - Chromomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent
δ-Tocotrienol
A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.
Violaxanthin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Cucurbitachrome 1 is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Cucurbitachrome 1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucurbitachrome 1 can be found in a number of food items such as italian sweet red pepper, herbs and spices, fruits, and red bell pepper, which makes cucurbitachrome 1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (all-e)-violaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone (all-e)-violaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (all-e)-violaxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as orange bell pepper, green bell pepper, passion fruit, and yellow bell pepper, which makes (all-e)-violaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
LINURON
D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Terephthalic acid
D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles.
Danazol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Pseudouridine
A C-glycosyl pyrimidine that consists of uracil having a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue attached at position 5. The C-glycosyl isomer of the nucleoside uridine. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
procarbazine
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01X - Other antineoplastic agents > L01XB - Methylhydrazines C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
isomaltulose
Pristimerin
Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4527; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4526 C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4489; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4487 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4509; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4507 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4540 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 986; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4535; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4534
Fumitremorgin C
An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.
Prostin E2
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AD - Prostaglandins D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics C78568 - Prostaglandin Analogue Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
Prostaglandin H2
D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides
AA-861
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor Docebenone (AA 861) is a potent, selective and orally active 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor.
CoA 16:0;O
5-Fluorouridine
5-Fluorouridine, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (HY-90006), is a potent ribozyme self-cleavage inhibitor. 5-Fluorouridine incorporates into both total and poly A RNA and has antiproliferative activity. 5-Fluorouridine induces apoptosis[1][2][3].
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol))
10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
2,4,6-tribromophenol
A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants.
Difluprednate
D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid Same as: D01266 Difluprednate is a topical corticosteroid, which is thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins (lipocortins). Difluprednate is used for the symptomatic treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery.
I6783_SIGMA
D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels. Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.
90-18-6
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetagetin (6-Hydroxyquercetin) is a flavonoid[1]. Quercetagetin is a moderately potent and selective, cell-permeable pim-1 kinase inhibitor (IC50, 0.34 μM)[2]. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Obepin
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
brevifolin
Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2]. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].
Norboldine
EU-0100717
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression. β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.
Blasticidin S
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
1-methyl-3-[(Z)-(4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)amino]thiourea
Ligusticum lactone
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide is a gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a member of 2-benzofurans and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. Butylidenephthalide is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1]. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and has larvicidal activity (LC50 of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae)[1].
Cuc B
Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B is a natural product found in Begonia plebeja, Trichosanthes miyagii, and other organisms with data available. A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5]. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity[1][2][3][4][5].
Norboldine
Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. An aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase.
formaldehyde
An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants D005404 - Fixatives
ganciclovir
An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AB - Nucleosides and nucleotides excl. reverse transcriptase inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AD - Antivirals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29575 - DNA Polymerase Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent Ganciclovir (BW 759), a nucleoside analogue, is an orally active antiviral agent with activity against CMV. Ganciclovir also has activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Ganciclovir inhibits the in vitro replication of human herpes viruses (HSV 1 and 2, CMV) and adenovirus serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 22 and 28. Ganciclovir has an IC50 of 5.2 μM for feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and can diffuse into the brain[1][2][3].
Zalcitabine
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AF - Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D018894 - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent > C1660 - Anti-HIV Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.
Dinoprostone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AD - Prostaglandins D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics C78568 - Prostaglandin Analogue Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
1-Nitrosopiperidine
A nitrosamine that is piperidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. One of the many carcinogens detected in cigarette smoke, it is found in meat, cheese and spices that have been treated with the preservative sodium nitrite. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
hydroxyprogesterone caproate
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
carprofen
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
lomustine
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01A - Alkylating agents > L01AD - Nitrosoureas C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
FLUNISOLIDE
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
NEDOCROMIL
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000082142 - Mast Cell Stabilizers D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
6-Methyladenine
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators
DL-Arginine
DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations. DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.
2-[(4-Nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxirane
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors
Lauroyl-CoA
A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of lauric (dodecanoic) acid.
N-Acetylglucosaminylasparagine
An N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine having (beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl as the glycosyl component.
(S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA
A long-chain (3S)-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxypalmitic acid.
all-trans-neoxanthin
A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Chlorocresol
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides Same as: D03468
phosalone
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors D016573 - Agrochemicals
trifluralin
D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
3-(Allylsulfinyl)-L-alanine
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Alliin, an orally active sulfoxide compound derived from garlic, exhibits hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Diphenylcarbazide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents
Benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Destomysin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
