Gene Association: IKBKG
UniProt Search:
IKBKG (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma
found 111 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Lupenone
Lupenone is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupenone is a natural product found in Liatris acidota, Euphorbia larica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Cupania cinerea. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].
Brazilin
Brazilin is a organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood). It has a role as a plant metabolite, a histological dye, an antineoplastic agent, a biological pigment, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and a hepatoprotective agent. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a member of catechols and a tertiary alcohol. Brazilin is a natural product found in Guilandina bonduc, Biancaea decapetala, and other organisms with data available. A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood). Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3]. Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].
Phytic acid
myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. It can be generated from D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate via the enzyme inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (EC 2.7.1.158). myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is also known as phytic acid. It can be used clinically as a complexing agent for the removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent. Phytic acid is a strong chelator of important minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc and can, therefore, contribute to mineral deficiencies in developing countries. For people with a particularly low intake of essential minerals, especially young children and those in developing countries, this effect can be undesirable. However, dietary mineral chelators help prevent over-mineralization of joints, blood vessels, and other parts of the body, which is most common in older persons. Phytic acid is a plant antioxidant (PMID: 3040709). Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate is a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. It has a role as an iron chelator, an antineoplastic agent, a signalling molecule, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate acid of a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(12-). Phytic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01000233 (Value of Oral Phytate (InsP6) in the Prevention of Progression of the Cardiovascular Calcifications). Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Phytic acid is a natural product found in Chloris gayana, Vachellia nilotica, and other organisms with data available. Myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent. Widely distributed in many higher plants. The Ca salt is used as a sequestrant in food flavouring C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
Quisqualic_acid
Quisqualic acid is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. Quisqualic acid is an agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID Q003 Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica[1][2]. Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica[1][2]. Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica[1][2].
Tramiprosate
3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].
Hyoscyamine
Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a bronchodilator agent, a plant metabolite, an antidote to sarin poisoning and a oneirogen. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine. Atropine is an alkaloid originally synthesized from Atropa belladonna. It is a racemic mixture of d-and l-hyoscyamine, of which only l-hyoscyamine is pharmacologically active. Atropine is generally available as a sulfate salt and can be administered by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraosseous, endotracheal and ophthalmic methods. Oral atropine is only available in combination products. Atropine is a competitive, reversible antagonist of muscarinic receptors that blocks the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It has a variety of therapeutic applications, including pupil dilation and the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning and symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible causes. Atropine is a relatively inexpensive drug and is included in the World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines. Atropine is an Anticholinergic and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of atropine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. Atropine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Anthocercis ilicifolia, and other organisms with data available. Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2292 INTERNAL_ID 2292; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3334 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents KEIO_ID A080; [MS2] KO008864 KEIO_ID A080 Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].
Physostigmine
Physostigmine is a white, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Used as a cholinergic (anticholinesterase) agent and as a veterinary medication. (EPA, 1998) Physostigmine is a carbamate ester and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as a miotic, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and an antidote to curare poisoning. A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. Physostigmine is a natural product found in Streptomyces griseofuscus, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available. A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. See also: Physostigmine Salicylate (active moiety of). A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. [PubChem] S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D008916 - Miotics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID E007; [MS2] KO008958 KEIO_ID E007
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG, also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-DPG) is a three carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte)--at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch. [HMDB] 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (CAS: 138-81-8), also known as 2,3-BPG or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, is a three-carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte) at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch. KEIO_ID D017
Baclofen
Baclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03B - Muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1]. Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Tridecanoic acid
Tridecanoic acid, also known as N-tridecanoate or C13:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tridecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tridecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Tridecanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, muskmelon, black elderberry, and coconut. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].
D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate
D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is a substrate for several proteins including inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A, skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase, and type I inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase. 1D-Myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is a substrate for Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A, Skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase and Type I inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase. [HMDB]
DINOTERB
D010575 - Pesticides > D005659 - Fungicides, Industrial > D004140 - Dinitrophenols CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3109 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5259; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5256 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5260; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5259 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4808; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4806 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5303; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5302 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5235; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5234 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 915; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5273; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5272
Etodolac
Etodolac is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its therapeutic effects are due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. It is indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Similar to other NSAIDs, the anti-inflammatory effects of etodolac result from inhibition of the enzyme cycooxygenase (COX). This decreases the synthesis of peripheral prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation. Etodolac binds to the upper portion of the COX enzyme active site and prevents its substrate, arachidonic acid, from entering the active site. Etodolac was previously thought to be a non-selective COX inhibitor, but it is now known to be 5 – 50 times more selective for COX-2 than COX-1. Antipyresis may occur by central action on the hypothalamus, resulting in peripheral dilation, increased cutaneous blood flow, and subsequent heat loss. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KEIO_ID E034; [MS2] KO008956 KEIO_ID E034
Mepyramine
Mepyramine (also known as pyrilamine) is a first generation antihistamine, targeting the H1 receptor. However, it rapidly permeates the brain and so often causes drowsiness as a side effect. It is used in over-the-counter combination products for colds and menstrual symptoms. D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3006 D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
Prazosin
Prazosin is a selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to decrease urinary obstruction and relieve symptoms associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. Prazosin has also been used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics in the management of severe congestive heart failure. It has also been used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents KEIO_ID P191; [MS2] KO009165 Corona-virus KEIO_ID P191 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocker and is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, and panic disorder. Target: Adrenergic Receptor Prazosin, is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, andpanic disorder. It is an alpha-adrenergic blocker that is specific for the alpha-1 receptors. These receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle, where they are responsible for the vasoconstrictive action of norepinephrine. They are also found throughout the central nervous system. As of 2013, prazosin is off-patent in the US, and the FDA has approved at least one generic manufacturer.In addition to its alpha-blocking activity, prazosin is an antagonist of the MT3 receptor (which is not present in humans), with selectivity for this receptor over the MT1 and MT2 receptors. Prazosin is orally active and has a minimal effect on cardiac function due to its alpha-1 receptor selectivity. However, when prazosin is initially started, heart rate and contractility go up in order to maintain the pre-treatment blood pressures because the body has reached homeostasis at its abnormally high blood pressure. The blood pressure lowering effect becomes apparent when prazosin is taken for longer periods of time. The heart rate and contractility go back down over time and blood pressure decreases.
Colchicoside
Psilocybine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
Neostigmine
Neostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike physostigmine, does not cross the blood-brain barrier. [PubChem]Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. The drug inhibits acetylcholinesterase which is responsible for the degredation of acetylcholine. So, with acetylcholinesterase inhibited, more acetylcholine is present By interfering with the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors which are involved in muscle contraction. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Clidinium
Clidinium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have a pronounced antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. It inhibits muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites. It is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics
Pyridostigmine
Pyridostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than neostigmine. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. [PubChem]Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine. N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
2-Phenylethyl acetate
2-Phenylethyl acetate, also known as 2-phenethyl acetic acid or benzylcarbinyl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is a sweet, floral, and fruity tasting compound. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within ceylon cinnamons and cloves. 2-Phenylethyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as butternuts, eggplants, turmerics, radish (var.), and pili nuts. This could make 2-phenylethyl acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Phenylethyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are acerola, prickly pear, summer grape, and sweet orange.
Myo-Inositol
myo-Inositol is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, of which cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, or myo-inositol is the most widely occurring form in nature. The other known inositols include scyllo-inositol, muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol and cis-inositol. myo-Inositol is found naturally in many foods (particularly in cereals with high bran content) and can be used as a sweetner as it has half the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). myo-Inositol was once considered a member of the vitamin B complex and given the name: vitamin B8. However, because it is produced by the human body from glucose, it is not an essential nutrient, and therefore cannot be called a vitamin. myo-Inositol is a precursor molecule for a number of secondary messengers including various inositol phosphates. In addition, inositol/myo-inositol is an important component of the lipids known as phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). myo-Inositol is synthesized from glucose, via glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) in two steps. First, G-6-P is isomerised by an inositol-3-phosphate synthase enzyme to myo-inositol 1-phosphate, which is then dephosphorylated by an inositol monophosphatase enzyme to give free myo-inositol. In humans, myo-inositol is primarily synthesized in the kidneys at a rate of a few grams per day. myo-Inositol can be used in the management of preterm babies who have or are at a risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome. It is also used as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It works by increasing insulin sensitivity, which helps to improve ovarian function and reduce hyperandrogenism. Reduced levels of myo-inositol have been found in the spinal fluid of depressed patients and levels are significantly reduced in brain samples of suicide victims. Of common occurrence in plants and animals . obtained comly. from phytic acid in corn steep liquor. Dietary supplement C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS D-chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol found in certain mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchors and inositol phosphoglycans possessing insulin-like bioactivity. D-chiro-Inositol is used clinically for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus, which can reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate insulin resistance[1][2][3]. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1]. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1].
Vaccenic acid
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Its IUPAC name is (11E)-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 trans-11. The name was derived from the Latin vacca (cow). Vaccenic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Vaccenic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
Isoguvacine
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists
5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine
5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine, like all methoxydimethyltryptamines is a compound that contain the biogenic monoamine tryptamine and is substituted with one methoxy group and two methyl groups. Members of this group include several potent serotonergic hallucinogens found in several unrelated plants, skins of certain toads, and in mammalian brains. They are possibly involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. They are formed as metabolites of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) or tryptamine by the enzyme indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT). The physiological significance of the N-methylating pathway of indoleamine metabolism, and of the methylated end products, is unknown. Because of the known psychotropic properties of the dimethylated amines, their possible involvement in the chemical pathogenesis of mental disorders has received wide interest. The hallucinogenic actions of the methylated indoleamines, like those of LSD, are believed to be mediated through the 5HT2 receptor. (PMID 11763413). 5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine, like all Methoxydimethyltryptamines is a compound that contain the biogenic monoamine tryptamine and is substituted with one methoxy group and two methyl groups. Members of this group include several potent serotonergic hallucinogens found in several unrelated plants, skins of certain toads, and in mammalian brains. They are possibly involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. (PubChem) C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist KEIO_ID M103; [MS2] KO009040 KEIO_ID M103
Eupatilin
Eupatilin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3 and C-4 respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. Eupatilin is a natural product found in Eupatorium capillifolium, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3 and C-4 respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. Eupatilin is found in herbs and spices. Eupatilin is isolated from Tanacetum vulgare (tansy Isolated from Tanacetum vulgare (tansy). Eupatilin is found in herbs and spices. Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
myo-Inositol 1-phosphate
myo-Inositol 1-phosphate, also known as I1P or ins(1)p, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. myo-Inositol 1-phosphate is a metabolite of inositol phosphate metabolism and the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Inositol phosphatases (EC:3.1.3.25) play a crucial role in the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway. Expression is substantially higher in the subcortical regions of the brain, most prominently in the caudate. The phosphatidylinositol pathway is thought to be modified by lithium, a commonly prescribed medication in treating bipolar disorder (OMIM: 605922). Myo-inositol 1-phosphate is a metabolite of the Inositol phosphate metabolism and the Phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Inositol phosphatases [EC:3.1.3.25] play a crucial role in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway; in brain, the expression is substantially higher in the subcortical regions, most prominently in the caudate. The phosphatidylinositol pathway is thought to be modified by lithium, a commonly prescribed medication in treating bipolar disorder. (OMIM 605922) [HMDB]
Glycerophosphoinositol
Glycerophosphoinositol (CAS: 16824-65-0), also known as 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol, is produced through deacylation by phospholipase B of the essential phospholipid phosphatidylinositol. Glycerophosphoinositols are ubiquitous phosphoinositide metabolites involved in the control of several cell functions. They exert their actions both intracellularly and by rapidly equilibrating across the plasma membrane. Their transport is mediated by the Glut2 transporter, the human ortholog of GIT1 (PMID: 17141226). Glycerophosphoinositol is a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.43) and is involved in the following reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = glycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate. It is also a substrate for glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.44) which catalyzes the chemical reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Isolated from beef liver. Glycerylphosphoinositol is found in animal foods.
Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (CAS: 98102-63-7), also known as Ins(1,3,4)P3 or I3S, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. Within humans, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate participates in several enzymatic reactions. In particular, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate can be converted into 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase. In addition, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate can be converted into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase. In humans, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate is involved in inositol metabolism. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate is a specific regulator of cellular signalling. A specific regulator of cellular signaling [HMDB]
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (CAS: 102850-29-3), also known as IP4, is a second messenger responsible for mediating Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane and mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ by acting synergistically with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (IP3K, EC 2.7.1.127) phosphorylates IP3 into IP4. Evidence shows that IP4 can activate a protein with ras- and rap-GAP activity and finally inactivate the G protein. This indicates that IP4 regulates Ca2+ influx in a GTP-dependent way, which potentially links the IP3 signalling pathway to GTP-regulated signalling mechanisms. IP4 is demonstrated to be a common regulator in Ca2+ homeostasis. IP4 can bind with a high affinity to several intracellular proteins: synaptotagmin (I and II), Gap1, Btk, and centaurin-alpha and may interact with synaptotagmin to inhibit synaptic transmission. IP4 also acts as a mediator in neuronal death in the ischemic hippocampus. IP4 production is not always associated with a modification in calcium concentration, and control of calcium mobilization is not the sole function proposed for IP4. IP4 defines an essential signalling pathway for T cell precursor responsiveness and development. In the thymus, IP4 is essential during the positive and negative selection of double-positive thymocytes, and in the control of thymocyte reactivity to antigens. IP4 is also a substrate for type I inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A, and skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase (PMID: 15740635, 14517551).
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, also known as Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 or inositol pentaphosphate, is an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling. Both Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesized from the same myo-inositol-based precursor (PMID: 16755629). InsP6, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, and their close metabolic relatives are amongst the more abundant intracellular inositol polyphosphates. They are involved in chromatin organization, DNA maintenance, gene transcription, nuclear mRNA transport, membrane trafficking, and control of cell proliferation (PMID: 14992690). myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5)), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesised from the same myo-inositol-based precursor. (PMID: 16755629)
Phorbol-12
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens > D010703 - Phorbol Esters
D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate
D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate can be biosynthesized from inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66). 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is an intermediate in inositol phosphate metabolism. 1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate is converted from 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate via inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.66]. [HMDB]
Bethanechol
Bethanechol is a synthetic ester structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms. [PubChem] N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AB - Choline esters C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists
Diphenidol
Diphenidol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiemetic agent used in the treatment of vomiting and vertigo. Diphenidol overdose may result in serious toxicity in children.The mechanism by which diphenidol exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not precisely known. It is thought to diminish vestibular stimulation and depress labyrinthine function and as an antimuscarinic agent. An action on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. Diphenidol has no significant sedative, tranquilizing, or antihistaminic action. It has a weak peripheral anticholinergic effect. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents
Edrophonium
Edrophonium is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles. [PubChem]Edrophonium works by prolonging the action acetylcholine, which is found naturally in the body. It does this by inhibiting the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholine stimulates nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. When stimulated, these receptors have a range of effects. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Oxotremorine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists
(R)-Methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl ester
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants > D003292 - Convulsants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D002619 - Chemical Warfare Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Pirenzepine
An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as cimetidine and ranitidine. It is generally well tolerated by patients. [PubChem] A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A02 - Drugs for acid related disorders > A02B - Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord) C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents
Pancuronium
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03A - Muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant
Thiamylal
Thiamylal is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)Thiamylal binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
Ibotenic acid
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites. Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites.
Xanomeline tartrate
Same as: D06330 Xanomeline, as an effective and selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M1/M4) receptor agonist, increases neuronal excitability. Xanomeline can be used for the research of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia[1][2].
202-791
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D002120 - Calcium Channel Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Lithium
Lithium (Li) is an alkali metal. First described as a mood stabilizer in 1949, it remains an efficacious treatment for bipolar disorders. Recent emerging evidence of its neuroprotective and neurogenic effects alludes to lithiums potential therapeutic use in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. One intriguing clinical application is in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating lithiums abilities to lower tau and beta-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimers patients. Lithium reduces brain inositol levels by inhibiting the enzyme inositol monophosphatase. This suggests that inositol monophosphatase inhibition is a key mechanism of Lis therapeutic action and that design of new inositol monophosphatase inhibitors may be a practical strategy to create new compounds with Li-like therapeutic effects. Lithium reduces the severity of some behavioral complications of Alzheimers disease (AD). And there are growing indications that Li may be of benefit to the underlying pathology of AD, as well as an array of other common CNS disorders, including stroke, Parkinsons disease, and Huntingtons disease. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Despite these demonstrated and prospective therapeutic benefits, Lis mechanism of action remains elusive, and opinions differ regarding the most relevant molecular targets. Lithium inhibits several enzymes; significant among these are inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and the proteasome. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and several well characterised adverse effects limit the potential usefulness of higher doses. Acute ingestion in Li-naive patients is generally associated with only short-lived exposure to high concentrations, due to extensive distribution of Li throughout the total body water compartment. Conversely, chronic toxicity and acute-on-therapeutic ingestion are associated with prolonged exposure to higher tissue concentrations and, therefore, greater toxicity. Lithium toxicity may be life threatening, or result in persistent cognitive and neurological impairment. Therefore, enhanced Li clearance has been explored as a means of minimizing exposure to high tissue concentrations. Although haemodialysis is highly effective in removing circulating Li, serum concentrations often rebound so repeated or prolonged treatment may be required. Continuous arteriovenous haemodiafiltration and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration increase Li clearance, albeit to a lesser extent than haemodialysis, and are more widely accessible. Lithium reduces brain inositol levels by inhibiting IMPase, suggesting that IMPases inhibition is a key mechanism of Lis therapeutic action and that design of new IMPase inhibitors may be a practical strategy to create new compounds with Li-like therapeutic effects. (PMID: 17688381, 17316163, 8110911, 17288494). Lithium is found in many foods, some of which are endive, yellow zucchini, romaine lettuce, and common bean. Lithium (Li) is an alkali metal. First described as a mood stabilizer in 1949, it remains an efficacious treatment for bipolar disorders. Recent emerging evidence of its neuroprotective and neurogenic effects alludes to lithiums potential therapeutic use in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. One intriguing clinical application is in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating lithiums abilities to lower tau and beta-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimers patients. Lithium reduces brain inositol levels by inhibiting the enzyme inositol monophosphatase. This suggests that inositol monophosphatase inhibition is a key mechanism of Lis therapeutic action and that design of new inositol monophosphatase inhibitors may be a practical strategy to create new compounds with Li-like therapeutic effects. Lithium reduces the severity of some behavioral complications of Alzheimers disease (AD). And there are growing indications that Li may be of benefit to the underlying pathology of AD, as well as an array of other common CNS disorders, including stroke, Parkinsons disease, and Huntingtons disease. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Despite these demonstrated and prospective therapeutic benefits, Lis mechanism of action remains elusive, and opinions differ regarding the most relevant molecular targets. Lithium inhibits several enzymes; significant among these are inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and the proteasome. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and several well characterised adverse effects limit the potential usefulness of higher doses. Acute ingestion in Li-naive patients is generally associated with only short-lived exposure to high concentrations, due to extensive distribution of Li throughout the total body water compartment. Conversely, chronic toxicity and acute-on-therapeutic ingestion are associated with prolonged exposure to higher tissue concentrations and, therefore, greater toxicity. Lithium toxicity may be life threatening, or result in persistent cognitive and neurological impairment. Therefore, enhanced Li clearance has been explored as a means of minimizing exposure to high tissue concentrations. Although haemodialysis is highly effective in removing circulating Li, serum concentrations often rebound so repeated or prolonged treatment may be required. Continuous arteriovenous haemodiafiltration and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration increase Li clearance, albeit to a lesser extent than haemodialysis, and are more widely accessible. Lithium reduces brain inositol levels by inhibiting IMPase, suggesting that IMPases inhibition is a key mechanism of Lis therapeutic action and that design of new IMPase inhibitors may be a practical strategy to create new compounds with Li-like therapeutic effects. (PMID: 17688381, 17316163, 8110911, 17288494). N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AN - Lithium Same as: D08133
XANOMELINE
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs Same as: D06330 Xanomeline, as an effective and selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M1/M4) receptor agonist, increases neuronal excitability. Xanomeline can be used for the research of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia[1][2].
scyllo-Inositol
scyllo-Inositol or scyllitol is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, including scyllo-inositol, myo-inositol (the most abundant), muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol, and cis-inositol. scyllo-Inositol was first isolated from the kidneys of fish in 1858 by Staedeler and Freierchs. scyllo-Inositol is a naturally occurring plant sugar alcohol found most abundantly in the coconut palm. It appears to accumulate in a number of human tissues and biofluids through dietary consumption. It has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379). Results reported by Viola et al (PMID: 15340856) suggest that high CSF concentrations of scyllo-inositol can be induced by chronic alcoholism. scyllo-Inositol when fed to transgenic mice that exhibit a memory disease very similar to human Alzheimers disease, can block the accumulation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. scyllo-Inositol was found to reverse memory deficits in the mice, reduce the amount of Aβ plaque in the brains of the mice, and reversed other symptoms associated with the presence of Aβ in the brain (PMID: 16767098). Scyllitol is an isomer of cyclohexanehexol or inositol. It was first isolated from the kidneys of fish in 1858 by Staedeler and Freierchs. Scyllitol is a naturally occurring plant sugar alcohol found most abundantly in the coconut palm. It appears to accumulate in a number of human tissues and biofluids through dietary consumption. It has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379). Results reported by Viola et al (PMID: 15340856) suggest that high CSF concentrations of scyllo-inositol can be induced by chronic alcoholism. scyllo-Inositol (also called "scyllitol") when fed to transgenic mice that exhibit a memory disease very similar to human Alzheimers disease, can block the accumulation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. Scyllitol was found to reverse memory deficits in the mice, reduce the amount of Aβ plaque in the brains of the mice, and reversed other symptoms associated with the presence of Aβ in the brain (PMID: 16767098). [HMDB] C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS D-chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol found in certain mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchors and inositol phosphoglycans possessing insulin-like bioactivity. D-chiro-Inositol is used clinically for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus, which can reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate insulin resistance[1][2][3]. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1]. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1].
muco-Inositol
muco-Inositol is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, including scyllo-inositol, myo-inositol (the most abundant), muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol, and cis-inositol. While classed as a sugar-alcohol for historical reasons, muco-inositol is more properly described as a sweet-alcohol due its perception as sweet. However, muco-inositol is perceived as both sweet and salty by humans. It is perceived as salty due to its pair of diaxial-trans-hydroxyl pairs. This pair of hydroxyl groups can form a dimer with the diaxial-trans-hydroxyl pair of the hydrated sodium-ion receptor. muco-Inositol is a critically important chemical in the gustatory (taste) process in mammals. It is coupled to a phospholipid of the outer lemma of the sensory neurons associated with the sodium ion sensitive channel (previously known as the "salty" channel) of gustation. muco-Inositol is typically phosphorylated (becoming muco-inositol phosphate) in the process of being attached to a lipid of the outer lemma of the sensory neurons of taste. The final chemical is phosphatidyl muco-inositol (PtdIns). PtdIns occurs in a specialized area of the cilia of the sensory neurons where it exists in a liquid crystalline form. C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS D-chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol found in certain mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchors and inositol phosphoglycans possessing insulin-like bioactivity. D-chiro-Inositol is used clinically for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus, which can reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate insulin resistance[1][2][3]. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1]. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1].
Chiro-inositol
Chiro-inositol, also known as (+)-inositol or (1r,2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, is a member of the class of compounds known as cyclohexanols. Cyclohexanols are compounds containing an alcohol group attached to a cyclohexane ring. Chiro-inositol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Chiro-inositol can be found in carob and soy bean, which makes chiro-inositol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Inositol or its phosphates and associated lipids are found in many foods, in particular fruit, especially cantaloupe and oranges. In plants, the hexaphosphate of inositol, phytic acid or its salts, the phytates, serve as phosphate stores in seed, for example in nuts and beans. Phytic acid also occurs in cereals with high bran content. Phytate is, however, not directly bioavailable to humans in the diet, since it is not digestible. Some food preparation techniques partly break down phytates to change this. However, inositol in the form of glycerophospholipids, as found in certain plant-derived substances such as lecithins is well-absorbed and relatively bioavailable . D-chiro-Inositol (also known as 1D-chiro-inositol, abbreviated DCI) is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, including scyllo-inositol, myo-inositol (the most abundant), muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol, and cis-inositol. myo-Inositol is converted into DCI by an insulin dependent NAD/NADH epimerase enzyme. It is known to be an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction. DCI accelerates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, rate limiting enzymes of non-oxidative and oxidative glucose disposal. DCI may act to bypass defective normal epimerization of myo-inositol to DCI associated with insulin resistance and at least partially restore insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal. C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS D-chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol found in certain mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchors and inositol phosphoglycans possessing insulin-like bioactivity. D-chiro-Inositol is used clinically for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus, which can reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate insulin resistance[1][2][3]. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1]. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1].
(6As,11bS)-7,11b-dihydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,6a,9,10-tetrol
Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3]. Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
Lupenone
Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-anisaldehyde or p-formylanisole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl derivatives, with the chemical formula CH3OC6H4CHO. These are organic compounds containing an acyl moiety of benzoic acid with the formula (C6H5CO-). Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by oxidation of 4-methoxytoluene (p-cresyl methyl ether) using manganese dioxide to convert a methyl group to the aldehyde group. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and anise tasting compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde can be found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins, star anises, and fennels. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cornmints, anises, herbs and spices, tarragons, and tea. The related ortho isomer has a scent of licorice. It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. A solution of para-anisaldehyde in acid and ethanol is a useful stain in thin layer chromatography. Different chemical compounds on the plate can give different colors, allowing easy distinction. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds important in pharmaceuticals and perfumery. P-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as an insect repellent, a human urinary metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Vanilla pompona, Solidago odora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Found in anise oil, fennel and vanilla. Flavouring ingredient 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
etodolac
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AB - Acetic acid derivatives and related substances D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3308
prazosin
C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CA - Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.767 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.759 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.760 Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocker and is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, and panic disorder. Target: Adrenergic Receptor Prazosin, is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, andpanic disorder. It is an alpha-adrenergic blocker that is specific for the alpha-1 receptors. These receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle, where they are responsible for the vasoconstrictive action of norepinephrine. They are also found throughout the central nervous system. As of 2013, prazosin is off-patent in the US, and the FDA has approved at least one generic manufacturer.In addition to its alpha-blocking activity, prazosin is an antagonist of the MT3 receptor (which is not present in humans), with selectivity for this receptor over the MT1 and MT2 receptors. Prazosin is orally active and has a minimal effect on cardiac function due to its alpha-1 receptor selectivity. However, when prazosin is initially started, heart rate and contractility go up in order to maintain the pre-treatment blood pressures because the body has reached homeostasis at its abnormally high blood pressure. The blood pressure lowering effect becomes apparent when prazosin is taken for longer periods of time. The heart rate and contractility go back down over time and blood pressure decreases.
pyrilamine
D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AA - Antihistamines for topical use R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents CONFIDENCE Parent Substance with Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1700
Atropine
Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a bronchodilator agent, a plant metabolite, an antidote to sarin poisoning and a oneirogen. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine. Atropine is an alkaloid originally synthesized from Atropa belladonna. It is a racemic mixture of d-and l-hyoscyamine, of which only l-hyoscyamine is pharmacologically active. Atropine is generally available as a sulfate salt and can be administered by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraosseous, endotracheal and ophthalmic methods. Oral atropine is only available in combination products. Atropine is a competitive, reversible antagonist of muscarinic receptors that blocks the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It has a variety of therapeutic applications, including pupil dilation and the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning and symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible causes. Atropine is a relatively inexpensive drug and is included in the World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines. Atropine is an Anticholinergic and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of atropine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. Atropine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Anthocercis ilicifolia, and other organisms with data available. Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines A racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine . It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.421 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.416 Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].
Tridecylic acid
A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].
Physostigmine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5547; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5545 S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D008916 - Miotics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5557; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5565; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5563 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5582; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5581 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5563; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5562 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 979; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5574; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5571 Formula(Parent): C15H21N3O2; Bottle Name:Eserine; PRIME Parent Name:Eserine / Physostigmine; PRIME in-house No.:V0352 0226; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from tryptophan, Simple tryptamine alkaloids, Indole alkaloids Annotation level-1
inositol
C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS D-chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol found in certain mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchors and inositol phosphoglycans possessing insulin-like bioactivity. D-chiro-Inositol is used clinically for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus, which can reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate insulin resistance[1][2][3]. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. i-Inositol is a chemical compound related to lipids found in many foods, especially fruits such as cantaloupe and oranges. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1]. Scyllo-Inositol, an amyloid inhibitor, potentialy inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. Scyllo-Inositol stabilizes a non-fibrillar non-toxic form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) in vitro, reverses cognitive deficits, and reduces synaptic toxicity and lowers amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model[1].
mescaline
A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens
Phytic acid
1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, also known as phytate or phytic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as scarlet bean, arrowroot, salmonberry, and roman camomile, which makes 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include inositol metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
C13:0
Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].
isopropyl (4S)-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents > D002120 - Calcium Channel Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Obepin
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1]. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a naturally occurring fragrant phenolic compound. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde has been found in many plant species including horseradish, anise, star anise. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a possible neurotoxicant and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking [1].
Tridecanoic acid
Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].
Euptailin
Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
Phytic_acid
Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate is a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. It has a role as an iron chelator, an antineoplastic agent, a signalling molecule, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate acid of a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(12-). Phytic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01000233 (Value of Oral Phytate (InsP6) in the Prevention of Progression of the Cardiovascular Calcifications). Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Phytic acid is a natural product found in Chloris gayana, Vachellia nilotica, and other organisms with data available. Myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
Homotaurine
3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a nootropic agent, an anticonvulsant, a GABA agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a tautomer of a 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterion. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].
Psilocybine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
SOMAN
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants > D003292 - Convulsants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D002619 - Chemical Warfare Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
NEOSTIGMINE
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47794 - Serotonin Agonist
thiamylal
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C67084 - Barbiturate D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent
pirenzepine
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A02 - Drugs for acid related disorders > A02B - Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord) C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents
pyridostigmine
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AA - Anticholinesterases D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Bethanechol
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07A - Parasympathomimetics > N07AB - Choline esters C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists
Oxotremorine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists
Edrophonium
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Arbaclofen
C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant (R)-Baclofen (Arbaclofen) is a selective GABAB receptor agonist[1].
clidinium
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics
Pancuronium
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03A - Muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C29696 - Muscle Relaxant
2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
The D-enantiomer of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid.
2-Methylhistamine
An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 2 position on the ring.
1-(sn-Glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol
A myo-inositol monophosphate derivative that is 1D-myo-inositol substituted at position 1 by an sn-glycero-3-phospho group.
Ibotenic acid
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites. Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites.
isoguvacine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018755 - GABA Agonists
brasilin
Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3]. Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].
