NCBI Taxonomy: 117571

Proline (Pro), also known as L-proline is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Proline is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Proline is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar amino acid. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is derived from the amino acid L-glutamate in which glutamate-5-semialdehyde is first formed by glutamate 5-kinase and glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (which requires NADH or NADPH). This semialdehyde can then either spontaneously cyclize to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, which is reduced to proline by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, or turned into ornithine by ornithine aminotransferase, followed by cyclization by ornithine cyclodeaminase to form proline. L-Proline has been found to act as a weak agonist of the glycine receptor and of both NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. It has been proposed to be a potential endogenous excitotoxin/neurotoxin. Studies in rats have shown that when injected into the brain, proline non-selectively destroys pyramidal and granule cells (PMID: 3409032 ). Therefore, under certain conditions proline can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of proline are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including hyperprolinemia type I, hyperprolinemia type II, iminoglycinuria, prolinemia type II, and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. People with hyperprolinemia type I often do not show any symptoms even though they have proline levels in their blood between 3 and 10 times the normal level. Some individuals with hyperprolinemia type I exhibit seizures, intellectual disability, or other neurological or psychiatric problems. Hyperprolinemia type II results in proline levels in the blood between 10 and 15 times higher than normal, and high levels of a related compound called pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Hyperprolinemia type II has signs and symptoms that vary in severity and is more likely than type I to involve seizures or intellectual disability. L-proline is pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a proline and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-prolinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline. It is a tautomer of a L-proline zwitterion. Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-Proline is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Proline is a cyclic, nonessential amino acid (actually, an imino acid) in humans (synthesized from glutamic acid and other amino acids), Proline is a constituent of many proteins. Found in high concentrations in collagen, proline constitutes almost a third of the residues. Collagen is the main supportive protein of skin, tendons, bones, and connective tissue and promotes their health and healing. (NCI04) L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. Flavouring ingredient; dietary supplement L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

L-Glutamic acid

(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0531554)

Glutamic acid (Glu), also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases. Glutamate also plays an important role in the bodys disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate. In many respects glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid). Glutamate was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name. Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent. In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate. L-glutamic acid is an optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a ferroptosis inducer and a neurotransmitter. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a glutamic acid and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-glutamate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-glutamic acid. A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. See also: Monosodium Glutamate (active moiety of); Glatiramer Acetate (monomer of); Glatiramer (monomer of) ... View More ... obtained from acid hydrolysis of proteins. Since 1965 the industrial source of glutamic acid for MSG production has been bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate sources such as molasses and corn starch hydrolysate in the presence of a nitrogen source such as ammonium salts or urea. Annual production approx. 350000t worldwide in 1988. Seasoning additive in food manuf. (as Na, K and NH4 salts). Dietary supplement, nutrient Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E;[4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons. Its molecular formula is C 5H 9NO 4. Glutamic acid exists in two optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory l-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.[5][full citation needed] Its molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −NH 2. However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COOH. It is encoded by the codons GAA or GAG. The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COO−. This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions. The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation.[6] This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG. In Europe, it is classified as food additive E620. In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COO− prevails. The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl. The one-letter symbol E for glutamate was assigned in alphabetical sequence to D for aspartate, being larger by one methylene –CH2– group.[7] DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases[1][2][3][4][5]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

Palmitic acid

hexadecanoic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Palmitic acid, also known as palmitate or hexadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, palmitic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Palmitic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmitic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sacred lotus, spinach, shallot, and corn salad, which makes palmitic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Palmitic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including feces, sweat, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Palmitic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, palmitic acid is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include alendronate action pathway, rosuvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, and cerivastatin action pathway. Palmitic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hypercholesterolemia, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (I). Moreover, palmitic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Palmitic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D is 16:0. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Palmitic acid can also be found in meats, cheeses, butter, and dairy products. Palmitate is the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4) . Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced. Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation (DrugBank). Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30\\\% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid (Wikipedia). Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. Hexadecanoic acid is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a hexadecanoate. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. Palmitic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. It occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants. Palmitic acid is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of *Levovist*TM, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-10-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 57-10-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

beta-Carotene

1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

Lutein

(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].

Astaxanthin

3,3-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione;(S)-6-hydroxy-3-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-((S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone;

Astaxanthin (pronounced as-tuh-zan-thin) is a carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes. It is classified as a xanthophyll, which means "yellow leaves". Like many carotenoids, it is a colorful, lipid-soluble pigment. Astaxanthin is produced by microalgae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, crayfish, crustaceans, and the feathers of some birds. Professor Basil Weedon was the first to map the structure of astaxanthin.; Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in aquatic animals. It is also found in some birds, such as flamingoes, quails, and other species. This carotenoid is included in many well-known seafoods such as salmon, trout, red seabream, shrimp, lobster, and fish eggs. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, cannot be synthesized by animals and must be provided in the diet. Mammals, including humans, lack the ability to synthesize astaxanthin or to convert dietary astaxanthin into vitamin A. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids. It is closely related to beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, sharing with them many of the general metabolic and physiological functions attributed to carotenoids. In addition, astaxanthin has unique chemical properties based on its molecular structure. The presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and keto (CdO) moieties on each ionone ring explains some of its unique features, namely, the ability to be esterified and a higher antioxidant activity and a more polar nature than other carotenoids. In its free form, astaxanthin is considerably unstable and particularly susceptible to oxidation. Hence it is found in nature either conjugated with proteins (e.g., salmon muscle or lobster exoskeleton) or esterified with one or two fatty acids (monoester and diester forms), which stabilize the molecule. Various astaxanthin isomers have been characterized on the basis of the configuration of the two hydroxyl groups on the molecule. the geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues and that levels of free astaxanthin in the liver are greater than the corresponding concentration in the plasma, suggesting concentrative uptake by the liver. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, is a very lipophilic compound and has a low oral bioavailability. This criterion has limited the ability to test this compound in well-defined rodent models of human disease. (PMID: 16562856); Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely used in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to provide the pink color characteristic of that species. This application has been well documented for over two decades and is currently the major market driver for the pigment. Additionally, astaxanthin also plays a key role as an intermediary in reproductive processes. Synthetic astaxanthin dominates the world market but recent interest in natural sources of the pigment has increased substantially. Common sources of natural astaxanthin are the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis, the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, as well as crustacean byproducts. Astaxanthin possesses an unusual antioxidant activity which has caused a surge in the nutraceutical market for the encapsulated productand is) also, health benefits such as cardiovascular disease prevention, immune system boosting, bioactivity against Helycobacter pylori, and cataract prevention, have been associated with astaxanthin consumption. Research on the health benefits of astaxanthin is very recent and has mostly been performed in vitro or at the pre-clinical level with humans. (PMID: 16431409); Astaxanthin, unlike some carotenoids, does not convert to Vitamin A (retinol) in the human body. Too much Vitamin A is toxic for a human, but astaxanthin is not. However, it is a powerful antioxidant; it is claimed to be 10 times more capable than other carotenoids. However, other sources suggest astaxanthin has slightly lower antioxidant activity than other carotenoids.; While astaxanthin is a natural nutr... Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in aquatic animals. It is also found in some birds, such as flamingoes, quails, and other species. This carotenoid is included in many well-known seafoods such as salmon, trout, red seabream, shrimp, lobster, and fish eggs. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, cannot be synthesized by animals and must be provided in the diet. Mammals, including humans, lack the ability to synthesize astaxanthin or to convert dietary astaxanthin into vitamin A. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids. It is closely related to beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, sharing with them many of the general metabolic and physiological functions attributed to carotenoids. In addition, astaxanthin has unique chemical properties based on its molecular structure. The presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and keto (CdO) moieties on each ionone ring explains some of its unique features, namely, the ability to be esterified and a higher antioxidant activity and a more polar nature than other carotenoids. In its free form, astaxanthin is considerably unstable and particularly susceptible to oxidation. Hence it is found in nature either conjugated with proteins (e.g. salmon muscle or lobster exoskeleton) or esterified with one or two fatty acids (monoester and diester forms) which stabilize the molecule. Various astaxanthin isomers have been characterized on the basis of the configuration of the two hydroxyl groups on the molecule. The geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues and levels of free astaxanthin in the liver are greater than the corresponding concentration in the plasma, suggesting concentrative uptake by the liver. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, is a very lipophilic compound and has a low oral bioavailability. This criterion has limited the ability to test this compound in well-defined rodent models of human disease (PMID: 16562856). Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely used in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to provide the pink colour characteristic of that species. This application has been well documented for over two decades and is currently the major market driver for the pigment. Additionally, astaxanthin also plays a key role as an intermediary in reproductive processes. Synthetic astaxanthin dominates the world market but recent interest in natural sources of the pigment has increased substantially. Common sources of natural astaxanthin are the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis (the red yeast), Phaffia rhodozyma, as well as crustacean byproducts. Astaxanthin possesses an unusual antioxidant activity which has caused a surge in the nutraceutical market for the encapsulated product. Also, health benefits such as cardiovascular disease prevention, immune system boosting, bioactivity against Helicobacter pylori, and cataract prevention, have been associated with astaxanthin consumption. Research on the health benefits of astaxanthin is very recent and has mostly been performed in vitro or at the pre-clinical level with humans (PMID: 16431409). Astaxanthin is used in fish farming to induce trout flesh colouring. Astaxanthin is a carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an antioxidant, a food colouring, a plant metabolite and an animal metabolite. It is a carotenone and a carotenol. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is found in the majority of aquatic organisms with red pigment. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive. Astaxanthin is a natural product found in Ascidia zara, Linckia laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Astaxanthin is a natural and synthetic xanthophyll and nonprovitamin A carotenoid, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant and reduce oxidative stress, thereby preventing protein and lipid oxidation and DNA damage. By decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, it may also prevent ROS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). In addition, astaxanthin may inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and nitric oxide (NO) activities, thereby reducing inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant C2140 - Adjuvant

beta-Cryptoxanthin

(1R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Cryptoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=472-70-8 (retrieved 2024-10-31) (CAS RN: 472-70-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Squalene

InChI=1/C30H50/c1-25(2)15-11-19-29(7)23-13-21-27(5)17-9-10-18-28(6)22-14-24-30(8)20-12-16-26(3)4/h15-18,23-24H,9-14,19-22H2,1-8H3/b27-17+,28-18+,29-23+,30-24

C30H50 (410.39123)

Squalene is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (carotenoid) with six unconjugated double bonds found in human sebum (5\\\\%), fish liver oils, yeast lipids, and many vegetable oils (e.g. palm oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil). Squalene is a volatile component of the scent material from Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin monkey) and Saguinus fuscicollis (saddle-back tamarin monkey) (Hawleys Condensed Chemical Reference). Squalene is a component of adult human sebum that is principally responsible for fixing fingerprints (ChemNetBase). It is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. It is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene. Squalene is a biochemical precursor to the whole family of steroids. Oxidation of one of the terminal double bonds of squalene yields 2,3-squalene oxide which undergoes enzyme-catalyzed cyclization to afford lanosterol, which is then elaborated into cholesterol and other steroids. Squalene is a low-density compound often stored in the bodies of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, which lack a swim bladder and must therefore reduce their body density with fats and oils. Squalene, which is stored mainly in the sharks liver, is lighter than water with a specific gravity of 0.855 (Wikipedia) Squalene is used as a bactericide. It is also an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, and colouring materials (Physical Constants of Chemical Substances). Trans-squalene is a clear, slightly yellow liquid with a faint odor. Density 0.858 g / cm3. Squalene is a triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. Squalene is originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a natural 30-carbon isoprenoid compound and intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is not susceptible to lipid peroxidation and provides skin protection. It is ubiquitously distributed in human tissues where it is transported in serum generally in association with very low density lipoproteins. Squalene is investigated as an adjunctive cancer therapy. Squalene is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Garcinia multiflora, and other organisms with data available. squalene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A natural 30-carbon triterpene. See also: Olive Oil (part of); Shark Liver Oil (part of). A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2]. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2].

Putrescine

1,4-Diaminobutane, puriss., >=99.0\\% (GC)

C4H12N2 (88.1000432)

Putrescine is a four-carbon alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a conjugate base of a 1,4-butanediammonium. Putrescine is a toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. Putrescine is a solid. This compound belongs to the polyamines. These are compounds containing more than one amine group. Known drug targets of putrescine include putrescine-binding periplasmic protein, ornithine decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). 1,4-Diaminobutane is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available. Putrescine is a four carbon diamine produced during tissue decomposition by the decarboxylation of amino acids. Polyamines, including putrescine, may act as growth factors that promote cell division; however, putrescine is toxic at high doses. Putrescine is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.Putrescine is a polyamine. Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of polyamines is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has shown that polyamines play a role in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. (A3286, A3287). Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. Putrescine is a polyamine. Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821). It is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. (PMID:15009201, 16364196). Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of polyamines is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has shown that polyamines play a role in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. Putrescine can be found in Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Cronobacter and Enterobacter (PMID:27872963) (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12099). Putrescine is an organic chemical compound related to cadaverine; both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. The two compounds are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. They are also found in semen and some microalgae, together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine. A four-carbon alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID B001

Amyrin

(3S,4aR,5R,6aR,6bR,8S,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-eicosahydro-picen-3-ol

C30H50O (426.386145)

Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

Erucic acid

(13Z)-docos-13-enoic acid

Before genetic engineering, plant breeders were aiming to produce a less-bitter-tasting multi-purpose oil from rapeseed that would appeal to a larger market by making it more palatable for cattle and other livestock. While it was possible to breed out much of the pungent-tasting glucosinolates, one of the dominant erucic acid genes would get stripped out of the genome as well, greatly reducing its valuable erucic acid content. Studies on rats show lipodosis problems when fed high quantities of erucic acid, however, so this did not hinder saleability. Later trials showed that rats had the same problems with other vegetable fatty acids, because rats are poor at metabolising some fats. The plant breeding industry later changed "low erucic acid" to be its unique selling proposition over that of its competitors.; Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Some Brassica cultivars can have up to 40 to 50 percent of their oil recovered as erucic acid. Erucic acid is also known as cis-13-docosenoic acid. The trans isomer is known as brassidic acid. Erucic acid occurs in nature only along with bitter-tasting compounds. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily bio-degradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Its ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:ln9) and erucic acid (22:1n9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression (PMID: 16581239). Erucic acid is broken down long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, which is produced in the liver. This enzyme breaks this long chain fatty acid into shorter-chain fatty acids. human infants have relatively low amounts of this enzyme and because of this, babies should not be given foods high in erucic acid.; Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, denoted 22:1 ?-9. It is prevalent in rapeseed, wallflower seed, and mustard seed, making up 40-50\\% of their oils. Erucic acid is also known as cis-13-docosenoic acid and the trans isomer is known as brassidic acid.; The name erucic means: of or pertaining to eruca; which is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It is also the Latin for coleworth, which today is better known as kale. Erucic acid is produced naturally (together with other fatty acids) across a great range of green plants, but especially so in members of the brassica family. It is highest in some of the rapeseed varieties of brassicas, kale and mustard being some of the highest, followed by Brussels spouts and broccoli. For industrial purposes, a High-Erucic Acid Rapeseed (HEAR) has been developed. These cultivars can yield 40\\% to 60\\% of the total oil recovered as erucic acid. Erucic acid is a 22-carbon, monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Some Brassica cultivars can have up to 40 to 50 percent of their oil recovered as erucic acid. Erucic acid is also known as cis-13-docosenoic acid. The trans isomer is known as brassidic acid. Erucic acid occurs in nature only along with bitter-tasting compounds. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily bio-degradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Erucic acid‚Äôs ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:Ln9) and erucic acid (22:1N9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression (PMID: 16581239 ). Erucic acid is broken down long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, which is produced in the liver. This enzyme breaks this long chain fatty acid into shorter-chain fatty acids. Human infants have relatively low amounts of this enzyme and because of this, babies should not be given foods high in erucic acid. Food-grade rapeseed oil (also known as canola oil) is regulated to a maximum of 2\\% erucic acid by weight in the US and 5\\% in the EU, with special regulations for infant food. Canola was bred from rapeseed cultivars of B. napus and B. rapa at the University of Manitoba, Canada. Canola oil is derived from a variety of rapeseed that is low in erucic acid. Erucic acid is a docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers. It is a conjugate acid of an erucate. Erucic acid is a natural product found in Dipteryx lacunifera, Myrtus communis, and other organisms with data available. Erucic Acid is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and a single double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the double bond in the cis- configuration. See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of). A docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers.

serin

DL-Serine, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, >=98\\% (HPLC)

C3H7NO3 (105.0425912)

Serine is an alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a hydroxymethyl group. It is a conjugate base of a serinium. It is a conjugate acid of a serinate. It is a tautomer of a serine zwitterion. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)[1]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2]. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

Asparagine

(2S)-2-Amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid

C4H8N2O3 (132.05348980000002)

Asparagine (Asn) or L-asparagine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-asparagine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Asparagine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. In humans, asparagine is not an essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. The precursor to asparagine is oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to aspartate using a transaminase enzyme. This enzyme transfers the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate producing alpha-ketoglutarate and aspartate. The enzyme asparagine synthetase produces asparagine, AMP, glutamate, and pyrophosphate from aspartate, glutamine, and ATP. In the asparagine synthetase reaction, ATP is used to activate aspartate, forming beta-aspartyl-AMP. Glutamine donates an ammonium group which reacts with beta-aspartyl-AMP to form asparagine and free AMP. Since the asparagine side chain can make efficient hydrogen bond interactions with the peptide backbone, asparagines are often found near the beginning and end of alpha-helices, and in turn motifs in beta sheets. Its role can be thought as "capping" the hydrogen bond interactions which would otherwise need to be satisfied by the polypeptide backbone. Asparagine also provides key sites for N-linked glycosylation, a modification of the protein chain that is characterized by the addition of carbohydrate chains. A reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars or reactive carbonyls produces acrylamide (acrylic amide) in food when heated to sufficient temperature (i.e. baking). These occur primarily in baked goods such as French fries, potato chips, and roasted coffee. Asparagine was first isolated in 1806 from asparagus juice --hence its name. Asparagine was the first amino acid to be isolated. The smell observed in the urine of some individuals after the consumption of asparagus is attributed to a byproduct of the metabolic breakdown of asparagine, asparagine-amino-succinic-acid monoamide. However, some scientists disagree and implicate other substances in the smell, especially methanethiol. [Spectral] L-Asparagine (exact mass = 132.05349) and L-Aspartate (exact mass = 133.03751) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. One of the nonessential amino acids. Dietary supplement, nutrient. Widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Isolated from asparagus, beetroot, peas, beans, etc. (-)-Asparagine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=70-47-3 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 70-47-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Asparagine ((-)-Asparagine) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. L-Asparagine ((-)-Asparagine) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.

Creatine

[[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetic acid

C4H9N3O2 (131.06947340000002)

Creatine, is a naturally occurring non-protein compound. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Creatine is found in all vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its primary metabolic role is to combine with a phosphoryl group, via the enzyme creatine kinase, to generate phosphocreatine, which is used to regenerate ATP. Most of the human bodys total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle (95\\\\\%), while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, testes, and other tissues. Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it is naturally produced in the human body from the amino acids glycine and arginine, with an additional requirement for methionine to catalyze the transformation of guanidinoacetate to creatine. In the first step of its biosynthesis glycine and arginine are combined by the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) to form guanidinoacetate, which is then methylated by guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), using S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor. Creatine can also be obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. A cyclic form of creatine, called creatinine, exists in equilibrium with its tautomer and with creatine. Clinically, there are three distinct disorders of creatine metabolism. Deficiencies in the two synthesis enzymes (AGAT and GAMT) can cause L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency (caused by variants in AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (caused by variants in GAMT). Both disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A third defect, creatine transporter defect, is caused by mutations in SLC6A8 and inherited in a X-linked manner. Creatine is widely used as a supplement by athletes. Its use can increase maximum power and performance in high-intensity anaerobic repetitive work (periods of work and rest) by 5 to 15\\\\\% (PMID: 24688272). Creatine has no significant effect on aerobic endurance, although it will increase power during short sessions of high-intensity aerobic exercise (PMID: 9662683). [Spectral] Creatine (exact mass = 131.06948) and L-Aspartate (exact mass = 133.03751) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Creatine (exact mass = 131.06948) and L-Cysteine (exact mass = 121.01975) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Creatine is a essential, non-proteinaceous amino acid found in all animals and in some plants. Creatine is synthesized in the kidney, liver and pancreas from L-arginine, glycine and L-methionine. Creatine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-00-1 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-00-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain. Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain.

L-Histidine

(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid

C6H9N3O2 (155.0694734)

Histidine (His), also known as L-histidine, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Histidine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Histidine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. Histidine is a unique amino acid with an imidazole functional group. The acid-base properties of the imidazole side chain are relevant to the catalytic mechanism of many enzymes such as proteases. In catalytic triads, the basic nitrogen of histidine abstracts a proton from serine, threonine, or cysteine to activate it as a nucleophile. In a histidine proton shuttle, histidine is used to quickly shuttle protons. It can do this by abstracting a proton with its basic nitrogen to make a positively charged intermediate and then use another molecule to extract the proton from its acidic nitrogen. Histidine forms complexes with many metal ions. The imidazole sidechain of the histidine residue commonly serves as a ligand in metalloproteins. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans and other mammals. It was initially thought that it was only essential for infants, but longer-term studies established that it is also essential for adults. Infants four to six months old require 33 mg/kg of histidine. It is not clear how adults make small amounts of histidine, and dietary sources probably account for most of the histidine in the body. Histidine is a precursor for histamine and carnosine biosynthesis. Inborn errors of histidine metabolism, including histidinemia, maple syrup urine disease, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I, exist and are marked by increased histidine levels in the blood. Elevated blood histidine is accompanied by a wide range of symptoms, from mental and physical retardation to poor intellectual functioning, emotional instability, tremor, ataxia and psychosis. Histidine and other imidazole compounds have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-secretory properties (PMID: 9605177 ). The efficacy of L-histidine in protecting inflamed tissue is attributed to the capacity of the imidazole ring to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cells during acute inflammatory response (PMID: 9605177 ). Histidine, when administered in therapeutic quantities is able to inhibit cytokines and growth factors involved in cell and tissue damage (US patent 6150392). Histidine in medical therapies has its most promising trials in rheumatoid arthritis where up to 4.5 g daily have been used effectively in severely affected patients. Arthritis patients have been found to have low serum histidine levels, apparently because of very rapid removal of histidine from their blood (PMID: 1079527 ). Other patients besides arthritis patients that have been found to be low in serum histidine are those with chronic renal failure. Urinary levels of histidine are reduced in pediatric patients with pneumonia (PMID: 2084459 ). Asthma patients exhibit increased serum levels of histidine over normal controls (PMID: 23517038 ). Serum histidine levels are lower and are negatively associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women (PMID: 23361591 ). Histidine supplementation has been shown to reduce insulin resistance, reduce BMI and fat mass and suppress inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women with metabolic syndrome. Histidine appears to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, possibly via the NF-Œ∫B pathway, in adipocytes (PMID: 23361591 ). Low plasma concentrations of histidine are associated with protein-energy... [Spectral] L-Histidine (exact mass = 155.06948) and L-Lysine (exact mass = 146.10553) and L-Arginine (exact mass = 174.11168) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] L-Histidine (exact mass = 155.06948) and L-Arginine (exact mass = 174.11168) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Flavouring ingredient; dietary supplement, nutrient L-Histidine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=71-00-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 71-00-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.

Stearic acid

1-Heptadecanecarboxylic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

Stearic acid, also known as stearate or N-octadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, stearic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Stearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Stearic acid can be synthesized from octadecane. Stearic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-oxooctadecanoic acid, (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoic acid, and 16-methyloctadecanoic acid. Stearic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, common oregano, ucuhuba, and babassu palm, which makes stearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Stearic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. Stearic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, stearic acid is involved in the plasmalogen synthesis. Stearic acid is also involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, stearic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Stearic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Stearic acid ( STEER-ik, stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin . Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid or C18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (its ester is called stearate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 18 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as a waxy solid. In terms of its biosynthesis, stearic acid is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery wherein acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks, up to the 16-carbon palmitate, via the enzyme complex fatty acid synthase (FA synthase), at which point a fatty acid elongase is needed to further lengthen it. After synthesis, there are a variety of reactions it may undergo, including desaturation to oleate via stearoyl-CoA desaturase (PMID: 16477801). Stearic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. For example, it is a component of cocoa butter and shea butter. It is used as a food additive, in cleaning and personal care products, and in lubricants. Its name comes from the Greek word stear, which means ‚Äòtallow‚Äô or ‚Äòhard fat‚Äô. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Palmitoleic acid

cis-Delta(9)-Hexadecenoic acid

Cis-9-palmitoleic acid, also known as palmitoleate or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as mixed nuts, carrot, hedge mustard, and chanterelle, which makes cis-9-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, blood, saliva, and feces, as well as in human adipose tissue, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia. Palmitoleic acid, or (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n-7) with the formula CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH that is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue. Present in all tissues, it is generally found in higher concentrations in the liver. Macadamia oil (Macadamia integrifolia) and sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) are botanical sources of palmitoleic acid, containing 22 and 40\\\\\% respectively. Palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Palmitoleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=373-49-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 373-49-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

Ellagic acid

6,7,13,14-tetrahydroxy-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.0^{4,16}.0^{11,15}]hexadeca-1(14),4(16),5,7,11(15),12-hexaene-3,10-dione

C14H6O8 (302.0062676)

Ellagic acid appears as cream-colored needles (from pyridine) or yellow powder. Odorless. (NTP, 1992) Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite, an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. Ellagic acid is present in several fruits such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, and pomegranates. In pomegranates, there are several therapeutic compounds but ellagic acid is the most active and abundant. Ellagic acid is also present in vegetables. Ellagic acid is an investigational drug studied for treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (phase 2 trial), protection from brain injury of intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1 and 2 trial), improvement of cardiovascular function in adolescents who are obese (phase 2 trial), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. Ellagic acid is a natural product found in Fragaria chiloensis, Metrosideros perforata, and other organisms with data available. Ellagic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye. Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite and an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It derives from a gallic acid. Ellagic acid, also known as ellagate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. These are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) that are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. The antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of ellagic acid have spurred preliminary research into the potential health benefits of ellagic acid consumption. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative/anti-cancer effects. Ellagic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as chestnuts, common walnuts, and japanese walnuts and in a lower concentration in whiskies, arctic blackberries, and cloudberries. Ellagic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lowbush blueberries, bilberries, guava, strawberry guava, and bog bilberries. An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. Widely distributed in higher plants especies dicotyledons. Intestinal astringent, dietary role disputed. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.

Tyramine

alpha-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane

C8H11NO (137.0840596)

Tyramine is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, cheese, soy sauce, sauerkraut, and processed meat. A large dietary intake of tyramine can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg or more. Tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter via a G protein-coupled receptor with high affinity for tyramine called TA1. The TA1 receptor is found in the brain as well as peripheral tissues including the kidney. An indirect sympathomimetic, Tyramine can also serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese [Spectral] Tyramine (exact mass = 137.08406) and L-Methionine (exact mass = 149.05105) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Tyramine (exact mass = 137.08406) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents IPB_RECORD: 267; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5105 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators KEIO_ID T008 Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1]. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1].

Oleic acid

Emersol 221 low titer white oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2558664)

Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59‚Äì75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36‚Äì67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20‚Äì80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15‚Äì20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Pentadecanoic acid

n-Pentadecanoic acid

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

Pentadecanoic acid, also known as pentadecylic acid or C15:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Pentadecanoic acid (its ester is called pentadecanoate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 15 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. Pentadecanoic acid is found in plants and ruminants. Many "odd" length long-chain fatty acids, such as pentadecanoic acid, are derived from the consumption of cattle fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of pentadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID: 9701185; PMID: 11238766). A fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185; PMID 11238766). Pentadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common bean, coriander, pepper (c. annuum), and hamburger. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248 Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Lignoceric acid (C24)

Tetracosanoic acid

C24H48O2 (368.3654108)

Lignoceric acid, also known as N-tetracosanoic acid or tetraeicosanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, lignoceric acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Lignoceric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lignoceric acid can be found in a number of food items such as hazelnut, cheese, rye bread, and cetacea (dolphin, porpoise, whale), which makes lignoceric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lignoceric acid can be found primarily in blood and feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. Lignoceric acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, lignoceric acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Lignoceric acid is also involved in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which is a metabolic disorder. Lignoceric acid, or tetracosanoic acid, is the saturated fatty acid with formula C23H47COOH. It is found in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amounts in most natural fats. The fatty acids of peanut oil contain small amounts of lignoceric acid (1.1\\\\% – 2.2\\\\%). This fatty acid is also a byproduct of lignin production . Tetracosanoic acid is a C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and a Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite. It is a very long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetracosanoate. Tetracosanoic acid, also known as N-tetracosanoate or lignoceric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Tetracosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tetracosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

Docosahexaenoic acid

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid

C22H32O2 (328.2402172)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 essential fatty acid. Chemically, DHA is a carboxylic acid with a 22-carbon chain and six cis- double bonds with the first double bond located at the third carbon from the omega end. DHA is most often found in fish oil. It is a major fatty acid in sperm and brain phospholipids, especially in the retina. Dietary DHA can reduce the level of blood triglycerides in humans, which may reduce the risk of heart disease (Wikipedia). Docosahexaenoic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Extensively marketed as a dietary supplement in Japan [DFC]. Doconexent is found in many foods, some of which are mung bean, fruit preserve, northern pike, and snapper. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk.

Phosphocreatine

{[imino(phosphonoamino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetic acid

C4H10N3O5P (211.035806)

Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell. Phosphocreatine undergoes irreversible cyclization and dehydration to form creatinine at a fractional rate of 0.026 per day, thus forming approximately 2 g creatinine/day in an adult male. This is the amount of creatine that must be provided either from dietary sources or by endogenous synthesis to maintain the body pool of (creatine and) phosphocreatine. Creatine is an amino acid that plays a vital role as phosphocreatine in regenerating adenosine triphosphate in skeletal muscle to energize muscle contraction. Creatine is phosphorylated to phosphocreatine in muscle in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme is in highest concentration in muscle and nerve. Oral administration increases muscle stores. During the past decade, creatine has assumed prominence as an ergogenic (and legal) aid for professional and elite athletes. Most (~ 95\\%) of the total body creatine-phosphocreatine pool is in muscle (more in skeletal muscle than in smooth muscle) and amounts to 120 g (or 925 mmol) in a 70 kg adult male. Approximately 60-67\\% of the content in resting muscle is in the phosphorylated form. This generates enough ATP at the myofibrillar apparatus to power about 4 seconds of muscle contraction in exercise. Phosphocreatine reacts with ADP to yield ATP and creatine; the reversible reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase. phosphocreatine is the chief store of high-energy phosphates in muscle. Thus, this reaction, which permits the rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP, is the immediate source of energy in muscle contraction. During rest, metabolic processes regenerate phosphocreatine stores. In normal muscle, ATP that is broken down to ADP is immediately rephosphorylated to ATP. Thus, phosphocreatine serves as a reservoir of ATP-synthesizing potential. phosphocreatine is the only fuel available to precipitously regenerate ATP during episodes of rapid fluctuations in demand. The availability of phosphocreatine likely limits muscle performance during brief, high-power exercise, i.e., maximal exercise of short duration. With near maximal isometric contraction, the rate of utilization of phosphocreatine declines after 1-2 seconds of contraction, prior to the glycolysis peak at approximately 3 seconds (PMID:10079702). Phosphocreatine undergoes irreversible cyclization and dehydration to form creatinine at a fractional rate of 0.026 per day, thus forming approximately 2 g creatinine/day in an adult male. This is the amount of creatine that must be provided either from dietary sources or by endogenous synthesis to maintain the body pool of (creatine and) phosphocreatine. Creatine is an amino acid that plays a vital role as phosphocreatine in regenerating adenosine triphosphate in skeletal muscle to energize muscle contraction. Creatine is phosphorylated to phosphocreatine in muscle in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme is in highest concentration in muscle and nerve. Oral administration increases muscle stores. During the past decade, creatine has assumed prominence as an ergogenic (and legal) aid for professional and elite athletes. Most (~ 95\\%) of the total body creatine-phosphocreatine pool is in muscle (more in skeletal muscle than in smooth muscle) and amounts to 120 g (or 925 mmol) in a 70 kg adult male. Approximately 60-67\\% of the content in resting muscle is in the phosphorylated form. This generates enough ATP at the myofibrillar apparatus to power about 4 seconds of muscle contraction in exercise. Phosphocreatine reacts with ADP to yield ATP and creatine; the reversible reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase. phosphocreatine is the chief store of high-energy phosphates in muscle. Thus, this reaction, which permits the rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP, is the immediate source of energy in muscle contraction. During rest, metabolic processes regenerate phosphocreatine stores. In normal muscle, ATP that is broken down to ADP is immediately rephosphorylated to ATP. Thus, phosphocreatine serves as a reservoir of ATP-synthesizing potential. phosphocreatine is the only fuel available to precipitously regenerate ATP during episodes of rapid fluctuations in demand. The availability of phosphocreatine likely limits muscle performance during brief, high-power exercise, i.e., maximal exercise of short duration. With near maximal isometric contraction, the rate of utilization of phosphocreatine declines after 1-2 seconds of contraction, prior to the glycolysis peak at approximately 3 seconds. (PMID: 10079702, Nutr Rev. 1999 Feb;57(2):45-50.) [HMDB] D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents KEIO_ID P084; [MS2] KO009218 KEIO_ID P084

Isobutyric acid

Isobutyric acid, sodium salt, 14C-labeled

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)

Isobutyric acid is a carboxylic or short chain fatty acid with characteristic sweat-like smell. Small amount of isobutyrate is generated via microbial (gut) metabolism. Small amounts may also be found in certain foods or fermented beverages. There is anosmia (genetic inability to smell) for the odor of isobutyric acid with a frequency of about 2.5\\%. (OMIM 207000). Isobutyric acid is slightly soluble in water but much more soluble in ethanol, ether and organic solvents. Isobutyric acid can affect people if breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes. Breathing Isobutyric acid can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Present in apple, morello cherry, guava fruit, wine grapes, pineapple, crispbread, other breads, cheeses, wines, scallop and several essential oils, e.g. Roman chamomile. Acid and simple esters used as flavouring agents KEIO_ID I012

Dimethylglycine

N-Methylsarcosine N,N-dimethyl-glycine

C4H9NO2 (103.0633254)

Dimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into glycine. Dimethylglycine that is not metabolized in the liver is transported by the circulatory system to body tissue. Dimethylglycine was popular with Russian athletes and cosmonauts owing to its reputed ability to increase endurance and reduce fatigue. DMG is also a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine and betaine are converted to methionine and N,N-dimethylglycine by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. DMG in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of legumes. It is also a microbial metabolite (PMID: 25901889). Dimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into Glycine. Dimethylglycine that is not metabolized in the liver is transported by the circulatory system to body tissue. Dimethylglycine was popular with Russian athletes and cosmonauts owing to its reputed ability to increase endurance and reduce fatigue. DMG is also a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine and betaine are converted to methionine and N, N-dimethylglycine by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. [HMDB]. Dimethylglycine in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of legumes. N,N-Dimethylglycine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1118-68-9 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 1118-68-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). N-Methylsarcosine is an amino acid building block for protein, found in a small amount in the body.

L-Alanine

(2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid

Alanine (Ala), also known as L-alanine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-alanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Alanine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar amino acid. In humans, alanine is a non-essential amino acid that can be easily made in the body from either the conversion of pyruvate or the breakdown of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. Alanine can be also synthesized from branched chain amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Alanine is produced by reductive amination of pyruvate through a two-step process. In the first step, alpha-ketoglutarate, ammonia and NADH are converted by the enzyme known glutamate dehydrogenase to glutamate, NAD+ and water. In the second step, the amino group of the newly-formed glutamate is transferred to pyruvate by an aminotransferase enzyme, regenerating the alpha-ketoglutarate, and converting the pyruvate to alanine. The net result is that pyruvate and ammonia are converted to alanine. In mammals, alanine plays a key role in glucose‚Äìalanine cycle between tissues and liver. In muscle and other tissues that degrade amino acids for fuel, amino groups are collected in the form of glutamate by transamination. Glutamate can then transfer its amino group to pyruvate, a product of muscle glycolysis, through the action of alanine aminotransferase, forming alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate. The alanine enters the bloodstream and is transported to the liver. The alanine aminotransferase reaction takes place in reverse in the liver, where the regenerated pyruvate is used in gluconeogenesis, forming glucose which returns to the muscles through the circulation system. Alanine is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (branched-chain amino acids) are deficient. This finding may relate to muscle metabolism. Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an important participant as well as a regulator of glucose metabolism. Alanine levels parallel blood sugar levels in both diabetes and hypoglycemia, and alanine is reduced in both severe hypoglycemia and the ketosis of diabetes. Alanine is an important amino acid for lymphocyte reproduction and immunity. Alanine therapy has helped dissolve kidney stones in experimental animals. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, like GABA, taurine, and glycine, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/). L-Alanine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-41-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-41-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

Sarcosine

2-(methylamino)acetic acid

Sarcosine is the N-methyl derivative of glycine. Sarcosine is metabolized to glycine by the enzyme sarcosine dehydrogenase, while glycine-N-methyl transferase generates sarcosine from glycine. Sarcosine is a natural amino acid found in muscles and other body tissues. In the laboratory it may be synthesized from chloroacetic acid and methylamine. Sarcosine is naturally found in the metabolism of choline to glycine. Sarcosine is sweet to the taste and dissolves in water. It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications. Sarcosine is ubiquitous in biological materials and is present in such foods as egg yolks, turkey, ham, vegetables, legumes, etc. Sarcosine is formed from dietary intake of choline and from the metabolism of methionine, and is rapidly degraded to glycine. Sarcosine has no known toxicity, as evidenced by the lack of phenotypic manifestations of sarcosinemia, an inborn error of sarcosine metabolism. Sarcosinemia can result from severe folate deficiency because of the folate requirement for the conversion of sarcosine to glycine (Wikipedia). Sarcosine has recently been identified as a biomarker for invasive prostate cancer. It was found to be greatly increased during prostate cancer progression to metastasis and could be detected in urine. Sarcosine levels were also increased in invasive prostate cancer cell lines relative to benign prostate epithelial cells (PMID: 19212411). Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine or (methylamino)acetic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as alpha amino acids. Alpha amino acids are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Sarcosine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sarcosine can be found in peanut, which makes sarcosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Sarcosine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and feces, as well as in human muscle, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Sarcosine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, sarcosine is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include glycine and serine metabolism, methionine metabolism, and sarcosine oncometabolite pathway. Sarcosine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia due to defect in cobalamin metabolism, cblg complementation type, hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic, hypermethioninemia, and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency. Moreover, sarcosine is found to be associated with sarcosinemia. Sarcosine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Sarcosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-97-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 107-97-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia[1][2]. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia[1][2].

11Z-Eicosenoic acid（20:1）

(11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid

C20H38O2 (310.28716479999997)

11Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as gondoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). More specifically, 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of nuts and plant oils. It is not produced by humans and comes from the diet. It has been found in the red blood cell membrane with increased concentrations in children with regressive autism (PMID: 16581239 ). (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid is an icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a gondoate. cis-11-Eicosenoic acid is a natural product found in Delphinium fissum, Calophyllum inophyllum, and other organisms with data available. Gondoic Acid is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and the sole double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the bond in the cis- configuration. See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of). Constituent of rape oil and fish oils as glycerideand is also in other plant oils, e.g. false flax (Camelina sativa), and swede (Brassica napobrassica) cis-11-Eicosenoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5561-99-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 5561-99-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].

Antheraxanthin A

6-[(1E,3Z,5E,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

Antheraxanthin a is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Antheraxanthin a is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Antheraxanthin a can be found in herbs and spices, which makes antheraxanthin a a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Antheraxanthin A is found in herbs and spices. Antheraxanthin A is a constituent of Capsicum fruit; potential nutriceutical D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Canthaxanthin

2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4 of the beta carotene molecule. Food colouring. Constituent of the edible mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), sea trout, salmon and brine shrimp. It is used in broiler chicken feed to enhance the yellow colour of chicken skin D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Rhodoxanthin

DTXSID10275904

C40H50O2 (562.3810599999999)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Lactucaxanthin

(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

Lactucaxanthin is a tunaxanthin that consists of ε,ε-carotene bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S,6S,6S-diastereomer) (ChEBI: 6357). It is a carotenoid found in human serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important. (PMID: 1416048, 15003396) Lactucaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, lactucaxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Lactucaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lactucaxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (c. baccatum), caraway, japanese persimmon, and lambsquarters, which makes lactucaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lactucaxanthin can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Cypridina luciferin

Vargulin trifluoroacetate salt

C22H27N7O (405.2276972)

coelenterazine

8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo-[1,2a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

C26H21N3O3 (423.1582836)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents

9E-Heptadecenoic acid

(9E)-heptadec-9-enoic acid

C17H32O2 (268.2402172)

9E-Heptadecenoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9E-Heptadecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. It has been detected in saliva. 9E-Heptadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils. It is a minor constituent of several animal and vegetable fats. Minor constituent of several animal and vegetable fats. (Z)-9-Heptadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils and italian sweet red pepper.

Mosesin 4

C35H60O10 (640.418626)

Arsenobetaine

Arsonium, (carboxymethyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt

C5H11AsO2 (177.9974966)

Arsenobetaine is found in crustaceans. Arsenobetaine is found in algae, lobsters, sharks, etc. Arsenobetaine is an organoarsenic compound that is the main source of arsenic found in fish. It is the arsenic analogue of trimethylglycine, commonly known as betaine. The biochemistry and its biosynthesis are similar to the biosynthesis of choline and betaine. The; Besides several other arsenic compounds, such as dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine, arsenobetaine is a common substance in the marine biological systems for arsenic detoxification. Found in algae, lobsters, sharks, etc.

Diadinoxanthin

(3S,3R,5R,6S)-7,8-Didehydro-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3-diol

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

DL-2-Aminopropionic acid

2-aminopropanoic acid

(alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein), also known as ALA or 2-Aminopropanoic acid, is classified as an alanine or an Alanine derivative. Alanines are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein) is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic. (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein) can be synthesized from propionic acid. (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein) can be synthesized into alanine derivative. (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein) is an odorless tasting compound found in Green bell peppers, Green zucchinis, Italian sweet red peppers, and Red bell peppers Dietary supplement, nutrient, sweetening flavour enhancer in pickling spice mixts. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].

D-Valine

2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid

C5H11NO2 (117.0789746)

Flavouring ingredient

DL-Asparagine

2-amino-3-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propanoic acid

C4H8N2O3 (132.05348980000002)

DL-Asparagine is a racemic melange of the Aparagine L and D-enantiomers. DL-Asparagine has been used in growth-media for bacteria-growth[1]. DL-Asparagine is a racemic melange of the Aparagine L and D-enantiomers. DL-Asparagine has been used in growth-media for bacteria-growth[1].

DL-Proline

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

Proline, also known as dl-proline or hpro, belongs to proline and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Proline is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Proline can be found in a number of food items such as yellow zucchini, swiss chard, spinach, and cucumber, which makes proline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P; encoded by the codons CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated NH2+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate . CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 53 (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Heptadecanoic acid

heptadecanoic acid

Heptadecanoic acid, or margaric acid, is a saturated fatty acid. It occurs as a trace component of the fat and milkfat of ruminants, but it does not occur in any natural animal or vegetable fat at concentrations over half a percent. Salts and esters of heptadecanoic acid are called heptadecanoates (Wikipedia). Heptadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are dandelion, potato, ginger, and green bean. Heptadecanoic acid is a constituent of Erythrina crista-galli trunkwood and bark. Common constituent of lipids, e.g. present in Physalia physalis (Portuguese-man-of-war). Heptadecanoic acid is a fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Heptadecanoic acid constitutes 0.61\\\\% of milk fat and 0.83\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185). Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

7-Ketocholesterol

(1S,2R,10S,11S,15R)-5-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-9-one

7-Ketocholesterol is a major oxidation product of cholesterol (oxysterol) found in human atherosclerotic plaque and is more atherogenic than cholesterol in some animal studies. Oxysterols (oxygenated forms of cholesterol) are present at low levels in the circulation and accumulate is plasma and tissues in some pathologies. In atherosclerotic lesions, 7-oxygenated oxysterols, predominantly 7-ketocholesterol, accumulate and have been implicated in the pathology of the disease. There is some in vivo and in vitro evidence that sterol 27-hydroxylase acts on 7-ketocholesterol to initiate its degradation to more polar, water-soluble products. Recent studies indicate an alternative mechanism, in which 7-ketocholesterol is reduced to 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. 7-Ketocholesterol can inhibit cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis, as well as strongly inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It has even been suggested that 7-ketocholesterol is formed enzymically as an endogenous regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis. However, when tested as a pharmacological cholesterol-lowering agent, inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase was rapidly overcome and the 7-ketocholesterol metabolised. In vitro, 7-ketocholesterol has wide-ranging and potent effects, most of which have the potential to contribute to atherosclerosis. For example, 7-ketocholesterol can be cytotoxic and can induce apoptosis in vascular cells. These effects, either individually or more likely, in combination, all implicate 7-ketocholesterol in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, but further work is needed to establish whether or not its role is a direct causal one. 7-Ketocholesterol is the second most abundant oxysterol found in human atherosclerotic plaque, after the enzymically formed 27-hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol). 7-Ketocholesterol differs from cholesterol by a ketone functional group present at the 7-position. It is produced from cholesterol via the epimeric cholesterol 7-hydroperoxides (cholest-5-ene-3beta-ol-7-hydroperoxide) which decompose to the epimeric 7-hydroxycholesterols (cholest-5-ene-3beta,7-diol) and 7-ketocholesterol. 7-Ketocholesterol is a major dietary oxysterol. It has also been widely suggested that 7-ketocholesterol present in atherosclerotic tissue may be derived from the diet. Certainly, 7-ketocholesterol is a major oxysterol found in cholesterol-rich processed foodstuffs. Dietary 7-ketocholesterol is rapidly metabolised by the liver to 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol), unusual bile acids and perhaps even cholesterol itself. Its conversion to 7beta-hydroxycholesterol is well documented. (PMID: 15798369, 10224662). 7-Ketocholesterol is a major oxidation product of cholesterol (oxysterol) found in human atherosclerotic plaque and is more atherogenic than cholesterol in some animal studies. Oxysterols (oxygenated forms of cholesterol) are present at low levels in the circulation and accumulate is plasma and tissues in some pathologies. In atherosclerotic lesions, 7-oxygenated oxysterols, predominantly 7-ketocholesterol, accumulate and have been implicated in the pathology of the disease. There is some in vivo and in vitro evidence that sterol 27-hydroxylase acts on 7-ketocholesterol to initiate its degradation to more polar, water-soluble products. Recent studies indicate an alternative mechanism, in which 7-ketocholesterol is reduced to 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. 7-Ketocholesterol, toxic oxysterol, inhibits the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, as well as strongly inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). 7-Ketocholesterol induces cell apoptosis[1].

Alloxanthin

4-[(3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1,17-diyn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C11H20N4O2 (240.15861800000002)

Alloxanthin is found in channel catfish. Alloxanthin is a constituent of many shellfish including the giant scallop (Pecten maximus) and edible mussel (Mytilus edulis). Constituent of many shellfish including the giant scallop (Pecten maximus) and edible mussel (Mytilus edulis). Alloxanthin is found in channel catfish and mollusks.

L-Gizzerosine

2-amino-6-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}hexanoic acid

L-Gizzerosine is isolated from mackerel meal. L-Gizzerosine is produced as a contaminant during fish meal manufacturing by reaction between histidine and protein in the fish meat. Causes gizzard erosion ("black vomit") in chicks. Isolated from mackerel meal. Production as a contaminant during fish meal manufacturing by reaction between histidine and protein in the fish meat. Causes gizzard erosion ("black vomit") in chicks

3-Decanone

Ethyl N-heptyl ketone

C10H20O (156.151407)

3-Decanone is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")

Salmoxanthin

1-[(1E,3Z,5E,7Z,9E,11E,13E,15Z,17E)-18-{4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl}-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

Salmoxanthin is found in fishes. Salmoxanthin is a constituent of Oncorhynchus keta and other salmon species. Constituent of Oncorhynchus keta and other salmon subspecies Salmoxanthin is found in fishes.

9-Pentadecenoic acid

(9E)-pentadec-9-enoic acid

C15H28O2 (240.20891880000002)

9-Pentadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils. 9-Pentadecenoic acid occurs in animal fa Occurs in animal fat. 9-Pentadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils.

alpha-Micropteroxanthin B

4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E)-15-hydroxy-3,7,12-trimethylpentadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

alpha-Micropteroxanthin A is found in fishes. alpha-Micropteroxanthin A is isolated from integuments of black bass, Micropterus salmoides. Isolated from integuments of black bass, Micropterus salmoides. alpha-Micropteroxanthin B is found in fishes.

beta-Micropteroxanthin

4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E)-15-hydroxy-3,7,12-trimethylpentadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

beta-Micropteroxanthin is found in fishes. beta-Micropteroxanthin is isolated from integuments of black bass Micropterus salmoides. Isolated from integuments of black bass Micropterus salmoides. beta-Micropteroxanthin is found in fishes.

Catelaidic acid

(11E)-docos-11-enoic acid

Catelaidic acid is found in fats and oils. Catelaidic acid is a constituent of partially hydrogenated fish oil Constituent of partially hydrogenated fish oil. Catelaidic acid is found in fats and oils and fishes.

(-)-alpha-Tocopherol

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H50O2 (430.38106)

α-tocopherol is a member of the class of compounds known as tocopherols. Tocopherols are vitamin E derivatives containing a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. The differ from tocotrienols that contain an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain. α-tocopherol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). α-tocopherol can be found in a number of food items such as lime, rowanberry, horseradish tree, and pineappple sage, which makes α-tocopherol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. α-tocopherol is a form of vitamin E that is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans. The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to α-tocopherol .

13-cis-Astaxanthin

6-hydroxy-3-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

3-Palmitoyl-sn-glycerol

2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate

C19H38O4 (330.2769948)

Minor component of olive oil and other vegetable oils. Glycerol 1-hexadecanoate is found in fats and oils. 1-Monopalmitin, a bitter melon extract, inhibits the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells[1]. 1-Monopalmitin, a bitter melon extract, inhibits the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells[1].

Squalen

2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene

C30H50 (410.39123)

Phoenicoxanthin

6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O3 (580.3916242)

Coelenterazine

2-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-benzyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazin-3-one

C26H21N3O3 (423.1582836)

D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents

Cypridina luciferin

N-{3-[2-(butan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-yl]propyl}guanidine

C22H27N7O (405.2276972)

9-Tetradecenoic acid

tetradec-9-enoic acid

C14H26O2 (226.1932696)

(E)-beta-farnesene

7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidenedodeca-1,6,10-triene

C15H24 (204.18779039999998)

(e)-beta-farnesene, also known as 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units (e)-beta-farnesene can be found in a number of food items such as safflower, lemon thyme, cauliflower, and root vegetables, which makes (e)-beta-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (e)-β-farnesene, also known as 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units (e)-β-farnesene can be found in a number of food items such as safflower, lemon thyme, cauliflower, and root vegetables, which makes (e)-β-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

creatine

C4H9N3O2 (131.06947340000002)

Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain. Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain.

Carnitine

L-carnitine

C7H15NO3 (161.105188)

L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3]. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3].

C17:0

HEPTADECANOIC ACID

Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

Proline

L-(-)-Proline

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Deepoxysalmoxanthin

(3R,3S,6R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3,6-triol

Palmitic Acid

n-Hexadecanoic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

COVID info from WikiPathways D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

11-Eicosenoic acid

eicos-11-enoic acid

C20H38O2 (310.28716479999997)

9-Hexadecenoic acid

Hexadec-9-enoic acid

Betaine

2-(trimethylazaniumyl)acetate

C5H11NO2 (117.0789746)

Betaine or trimethylglycine is a methylated derivative of glycine. It functions as a methyl donor in that it carries and donates methyl functional groups to facilitate necessary chemical processes. The donation of methyl groups is important to proper liver function, cellular replication, and detoxification reactions. Betaine also plays a role in the manufacture of carnitine and serves to protect the kidneys from damage. Betaine has also been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th Ed, p1341). Betaine is found in many foods, some of which are potato puffs, poppy, hazelnut, and garden cress. Betaine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-43-7 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 107-43-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Astaxanthin

beta,beta-Carotene-4,4-dione, 3,3-dihydroxy-, (3S,3S)-

Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant C2140 - Adjuvant

Dimethylglycine

N,N-dimethylglycine

C4H9NO2 (103.0633254)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; FFDGPVCHZBVARC_STSL_0036_Dimethylglycine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_57; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. N-Methylsarcosine is an amino acid building block for protein, found in a small amount in the body.

Chlorogenic Acid

Malonyl-caffeoylquinic acid

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

Nonadec-13-enoic acid

C23H27ClO6 (434.14960720000005)

chaetomugilin D

An azaphilone isolated from Chaetomium globosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Mucor miehei.

Squalene

InChI=1\C30H50\c1-25(2)15-11-19-29(7)23-13-21-27(5)17-9-10-18-28(6)22-14-24-30(8)20-12-16-26(3)4\h15-18,23-24H,9-14,19-22H2,1-8H3\b27-17+,28-18+,29-23+,30-24

C30H50 (410.39123)

Squalene, also known as (e,e,e,e)-squalene or all-trans-squalene, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Squalene can be found in a number of food items such as apricot, savoy cabbage, peach (variety), and bitter gourd, which makes squalene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Squalene can be found primarily in blood, feces, and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, squalene is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include risedronate action pathway, steroid biosynthesis, alendronate action pathway, and fluvastatin action pathway. Squalene is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include cholesteryl ester storage disease, CHILD syndrome, hyper-igd syndrome, and wolman disease. Squalene is a natural 30-carbon organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks), although plant sources (primarily vegetable oils) are now used as well, including amaranth seed, rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. Yeast cells have been genetically engineered to produce commercially useful quantities of "synthetic" squalene . COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2]. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2].

Erucic acid

cis-Delta(13)-docosenoic acid

Tyramine

C8H11NO (137.0840596)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics A primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Annotation level-2 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2741; CONFIDENCE confident structure Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1]. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1].

Proline

H-DL-Pro-OH

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Ellagic Acid

C14H6O8 (302.0062676)

Origin: Plant, Ellagic acids, Benzopyranoids, Pyrans Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.

β-Carotene

1-(1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypent-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate

C40H56 (536.4381776)

The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

L-alanine

The L-enantiomer of alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

creatine

Creatine,anhydrous

C4H9N3O2 (131.06947340000002)

A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0071_Creatine_8000fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_77; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain. Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain.

L-Histidine

C6H9N3O2 (155.06947340000002)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; HNDVDQJCIGZPNO_STSL_0107_Histidine_8000fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_142; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.

Phosphocreatine

C4H10N3O5P (211.035806)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

L-Tyrosine

C9H11NO3 (181.0738896)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N_STSL_0110_L-Tyrosine_0500fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_57; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

putrescine

1,4-Diaminobutane

C4H12N2 (88.1000432)

Agmatine

Agmatine sulfate salt

C5H14N4 (130.1218404)

L-glutamic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0531554)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N_STSL_0113_Glutamic acid_8000fmol_180425_S2_LC02_MS02_66; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases[1][2][3][4][5]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

Lignoceric acid

Tetracosanoic acid

C24H48O2 (368.36541079999995)

A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

PENTADECANOIC ACID

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Margaric acid

HEPTADECANOIC ACID

A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

stearic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Oleic acid

cis-9-Octadecenoic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2558664)

An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-80-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 112-80-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Palmitoleic acid

Trans-Hexa-dec-2-enoic acid

A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid converted from (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid via two enzymes; fatty-acid Synthase and 3- Hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 4.2.1.61). [HMDB] Cis-9-palmitoleic acid, also known as palmitoleate or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as red huckleberry, highbush blueberry, butternut, and macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), which makes cis-9-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including blood, saliva, feces, and urine, as well as in human adipose tissue, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5949; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5948 INTERNAL_ID 900; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5959; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5959; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5926; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5924 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5943 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5997; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5996 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5941 Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

Cryptoxanthin

(all-E)-beta-Cryptoxanthin

Isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) and many other higher plants, also from fish eggs [DFC]. beta-Cryptoxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are smelt, soy yogurt, common carp, and rose hip.

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

sarcosine

2-(methylamino)acetic acid

A N-alkylglycine that is the N-methyl derivative of glycine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of glycine. Sarcosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-97-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 107-97-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia[1][2]. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia[1][2].

Alanine

L-α-Aminopropionic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. Alanine (symbol Ala or A),[4] or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group side chain. Consequently it is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic α-amino acid. Under biological conditions, it exists in its zwitterionic form with its amine group protonated (as −NH + 3 ) and its carboxyl group deprotonated (as −CO − 2 ). It is non-essential to humans as it can be synthesized metabolically and does not need to be present in the diet. It is encoded by all codons starting with GC (GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG). The L-isomer of alanine (left-handed) is the one that is incorporated into proteins. L-alanine is second only to L-leucine in rate of occurrence, accounting for 7.8\\\\\% of the primary structure in a sample of 1,150 proteins.[5] The right-handed form, D-alanine, occurs in peptides in some bacterial cell walls[6]: 131 (in peptidoglycan) and in some peptide antibiotics, and occurs in the tissues of many crustaceans and molluscs as an osmolyte. D-Alanine is a weak GlyR (inhibitory glycine receptor) and PMBA agonist, with an EC50 of 9 mM for GlyR. D-Alanine is a weak GlyR (inhibitory glycine receptor) and PMBA agonist, with an EC50 of 9 mM for GlyR. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

7-KETOCHOLESTEROL

7-oxo-cholest-5-en-3beta-ol

A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 7-Ketocholesterol, toxic oxysterol, inhibits the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, as well as strongly inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). 7-Ketocholesterol induces cell apoptosis[1].

ISOBUTYRIC ACID

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)

A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.

VITAMIN E

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

C29H50O2 (430.38106)

Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 40 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 15 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

Carnitine

γ-Trimethyl-hydroxybutyroβine

C7H15NO3 (161.105188)

An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4.

HEPTADECANOIC ACID

Alloxanthin

4-[(3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1,17-diyn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Hexadecanoic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Octadecanoic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID

C22H32O2 (328.24021719999996)

7-heptadecenoic acid

C17H32O2 (268.2402172)

Lutein F

Lutein D

Tunaxanthin I/ Chiriquixanthin A

Tunaxanthin C/ Oxyxantin 58/ (ent. Chiriquixanthin B)

Tunaxanthin J/ Chiriquixanthin B

Tunaxanthin B/ Oxyxanthin 51

4-Ketolutein D

4-Ketolutein F

cholesteryl stearate

C45H80O2 (652.615798)

2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid

C5H11NO2 (117.0789746)

9-Pentadecenoic acid

(9E)-pentadec-9-enoic acid

C15H28O2 (240.20891880000002)

3-DECANONE

Ethyl N-heptyl ketone

C10H20O (156.151407)

A ketone that is decane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by an oxo group.

Antheraxanthin A

6-[(1E,3Z,5E,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

Salmoxanthin

a-Micropteroxanthin b

4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E)-15-hydroxy-3,7,12-trimethylpentadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

b-Micropteroxanthin

4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E)-15-hydroxy-3,7,12-trimethylpentadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

3-Octanone

Octan-3-one

C8H16O (128.1201086)

A dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group.

Decan-3-one

C10H20O (156.151407)

canthaxanthin

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Lactucaxanthin

A tunaxanthin that consists of epsilon,epsilon-carotene bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S,6S,6S-diastereomer). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

(9Z)-Astaxanthin

(9Z)-3,3-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione

(13Z)-Astaxanthin

(13Z)-3,3-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione

(R,R)-Astaxanthin

(3R,3R)-3,3-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione

2-aminopentanedioic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0531554)

2-Methylpropanoic acid

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)

3-Palmitoyl-sn-glycerol

C19H38O4 (330.2769948)

A 3-acyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).

Tunaxanthin

A carotenol isolated from the white tuna, or albacore tuna (Thunnus albacares).

chaetomugilin A

An azaphilone isolated from Chaetomium globosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Mucor miehei.

linoleic

9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (9E,12E)-

C18H32O2 (280.2402172)

Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].

Chaetoviridin G

An azaphilone that is 9,9a-dihydro-6H-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8(6aH)-dione substituted by a chloro group at position 5, a methyl group at position 6a, a 2-methylbut-2-enoyl group at position 9 and a 3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Chaetomium globosum.

9-fluorenol

9H-Fluoren-9-ol

C13H10O (182.073161)

A member of the class of hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9 (the non-aromatic carbon). 9-Fluorenol (9-Hydroxyfluorene; compound 3) is a dopamine (DAT) inhibitor with IC50 value of 9 μM. 9-Fluorenol is a major metabolite of compound developed as a wake promoting agent. 9-Fluorenol shows wake promotion activity in vivo[1].

ARSENOBETAINE

C5H11AsO2 (177.9974966)

Hexadec-9-enoic acid

A hexadecenoic acid in which the double bond is located at position 9.

Cholesteryl myristate

C41H72O2 (596.5532012)

A cholesterol ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with the carboxy group of myristic acid. Cholesterol myristate is a natural steroid present in traditional Chinese medicine. Cholesterol myristate binds to several ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, GABAA receptor, and the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.

(E)-docos-11-enoic acid

Octadec-9-enoic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2558664)

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.

(11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid

C20H38O2 (310.28716479999997)

An icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11.

1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

1-(2r)-2-ethylheptyl 2-(2s)-2-ethylheptyl phthalate

C26H42O4 (418.30829320000004)

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-{[(1r,9ar,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-{[(1r,9ar,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H59NO8 (645.4240454000001)

(1s,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1r,4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

C28H43ClN4O8 (598.2769268000001)

2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

(1r)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

(2s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

(2s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C40H59N5O9 (753.4312564)

(1r,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1r,4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

5-{[6-({[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-2-one

C27H30O15 (594.158463)

1-(2,12-diethyl-11-methylhexadecyl) 2-(2-ethyl-11-methylhexadecyl) phthalate

C48H86O4 (726.6525756)

5,8,12,13-tetrahydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-10-oxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0¹,⁶]tridecan-11-one

C11H17N3O7 (303.1066452)

1-(dimethylarsoryl)heptadecane

C19H41AsO (360.2373196)

6-[(9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

(1s,3s,6r)-6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

(1s,3s,6r)-6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

nonadec-11-enoic acid

2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C29H48N4O8 (580.3471968)

[(3as,4r,10as)-10,10-dihydroxy-2,6-diimino-hexahydro-1h-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methoxycarboximidic acid

C10H17N7O4 (299.1341962)

(4e)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-diene

C15H28 (208.2190888)

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-ol

(2e,4e,7s)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,10-triene

1-(2r,11s,12r)-2,12-diethyl-11-methylhexadecyl 2-(2s,11s)-2-ethyl-11-methylhexadecyl phthalate

C48H86O4 (726.6525756)

3,7,13-trimethyl-10-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclotetradeca-3,7-dien-1-one

C20H32O (288.24530219999997)

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

1-(5-isopropylhept-5-en-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

C29H46O (410.3548466)

2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C27H42N4O8 (550.3002492)

2-[(2-{[2-({2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C33H54ClN5O8 (683.3660714)

10,11,12,13-tetrahydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-6-imino-3-oxa-5,7-diazatetracyclo[7.4.0.0¹,⁴.0⁴,⁸]tridecane-2-carboxylic acid

C12H17N3O8 (331.1015602)

8-chloro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

C24H29ClO7 (464.1601714)

(1r)-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n,4-dimethylpentanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid

C28H53ClN4O6 (576.3653428)

9a,11a-dimethyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl octadecanoate

C45H80O2 (652.615798)

(1s,3s,6r)-6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

(1s,3s,6r)-6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

C82H154N34O24 (1999.1874644000002)

1-(2r)-2-ethyldecyl 2-(2s)-2-ethylundecyl phthalate

C33H56O4 (516.4178376)

1h-imidazole-5-ethanamine

C5H9N3 (111.07964340000001)

(2z,4e,7r)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-diene

C15H28 (208.2190888)

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-({2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2,6-diamino-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene}amino)-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-({2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2,6-diamino-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene}amino)-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

(1s)-4-[(1e,3z,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

5-chloro-9-(3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-6a-methyl-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8-dione

6-hydroxy-3-[(9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1,17-diyn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H48O4 (592.3552407999999)

2-[2-({[1-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C38H55N5O10 (741.394873)

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C38H56ClN5O9 (761.3766356)

(2z,4e,7r,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,10,14-tetraene

(6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O4 (598.4021884)

5-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-6a-methyl-9-(2-methylbut-2-enoyl)-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8-dione

6-hydroxy-3-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

4-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6s)-2-{[(1r,9ar,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6s)-2-{[(1r,9ar,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H59NO8 (645.4240454000001)

8-chloro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7,12(17)-tetraene-9,16-dione

C23H27ClO6 (434.14960720000005)

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C37H52ClN5O10 (761.3402522)

8-chloro-12-hydroxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

(1r,10s,13r,14r)-8-chloro-5-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7,12(17)-tetraene-9,16-dione

(5z,9z,13z,16z)-docosa-5,9,13,16-tetraenoic acid

C22H36O2 (332.2715156)

2-{[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n-methylpropanamido)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C30H50N4O7 (578.367931)

4-[(3z,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

2-{[2-(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-n,4-dimethylpentanamido)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C39H59N5O9 (741.4312564)

(1s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15z)-18-[(4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C22H27ClO5 (406.15469220000006)

(7s,8s)-5-chloro-7-hydroxy-3-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-7-methyl-8-[(3e)-3-methyl-2-oxopent-3-en-1-yl]-8h-isochromen-6-one

4-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C60H84O16 (1060.5759064000001)

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,7r,9ar,9bs,11s,11ar)-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,7r,9ar,9bs,11s,11ar)-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

C37H60O11 (680.413541)

16-(buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

16-(buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H59NO9 (661.4189604000001)

{[hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid

C8H8N2O3 (180.0534898)

(1r,3as,3br,4r,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-1-[(2s)-7-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)heptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-4,7,11-triol

C27H48O5 (452.3501558)

1-[7-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)heptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-4,7,11-triol

C27H48O5 (452.3501558)

8-chloro-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7,12(17)-tetraene-9,16-dione

dodecan-5-one

C12H24O (184.18270539999997)

(1r,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1r,4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

C27H42N4O7 (534.3053342000001)

ciguatoxin-2

C60H86O18 (1094.5813856)

6-hydroxy-3-[(9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H50O4 (594.3708899999999)

1,2-bis(2-ethylheptyl) phthalate

C26H42O4 (418.30829320000004)

2-({2-[2-({[1-(3-amino-10,10-dichloro-2-hydroxydecanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-n,3-dimethylbutanamido]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C36H57Cl2N5O8 (757.3583982)

2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]propanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

16-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-4',19,48,59-tetrol

16-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-4',19,48,59-tetrol

C60H86O19 (1110.5763006)

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol

C24H29ClO6 (448.16525640000003)

8-chloro-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,7r,9ar,9bs,11s,11ar)-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,7r,9ar,9bs,11s,11ar)-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

C35H58O10 (638.4029768)

(6as,8s,9as)-8-[(2e)-but-2-en-2-yl]-5-chloro-3-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-8-methoxy-6a-methyl-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromen-6-one

C23H29ClO5 (420.17034140000004)

(1r,3as,3br,4r,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[(2s)-5-(oxetan-3-yl)pentan-2-yl]-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-4,7,11-triol

C27H46O4 (434.3395916)

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

[C23H46NO4]+ (400.34266560000003)

(2-{[(3s)-3-(acetyloxy)hexadecanoyl]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

(1s,10s,12r,13r,14r,17r)-8-chloro-5-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

C24H29ClO7 (464.1601714)

2-({2-[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n-methylpropanamido)-n,4-dimethylpentanamido]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C40H61N5O9 (755.4469056)

5-chloro-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-oxopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-8h-isochromen-6-one

C22H27ClO4 (390.15977720000006)

8-(but-2-en-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-8-methoxy-6a-methyl-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromen-6-one

C23H29ClO5 (420.17034140000004)

(6as,8s,9as)-8-[(2e)-but-2-en-2-yl]-5-chloro-8-methoxy-6a-methyl-3-[(1e,3s)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromen-6-one

C23H29ClO4 (404.17542640000005)

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H54O2 (566.4123584)

(1r)-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

2-{2-[(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene)amino]-n,4-dimethylpentanamido}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C32H54N4O7 (606.3992294)

(5r,6s)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycyclohex-2-en-1-one

C8H12O6 (204.0633852)

5-chloro-6a-methyl-9-(2-methylbut-2-enoyl)-3-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8-dione

(1r,5r,6s,8r,9s,12s,13s)-5,8,12,13-tetrahydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-10-oxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0¹,⁶]tridecan-11-one

C11H17N3O7 (303.1066452)

2-(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n,3-dimethylbutanamido}-n,4-dimethylpentanamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C32H54N4O7 (606.3992294)

2-({2-[2-({2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene}amino)-n,3-dimethylbutanamido]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C37H55N5O10 (729.394873)

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,3s,3as,3br,7r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,3s,3as,3br,7r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C22H27ClO5 (406.15469220000006)

2-[(2-{[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n-methylpropanamido)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-[(2-{[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n-methylpropanamido)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C39H59N5O9 (741.4312564)

5-chloro-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-7-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-oxopent-3-en-1-yl)-8h-isochromen-6-one

(1s,4s)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1s)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-ol

C24H29ClO6 (448.16525640000003)

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-n,3-dimethylbutanamido]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-n,3-dimethylbutanamido]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid

C38H57N5O9 (727.4156072)

(1s,10s,12r,13r,14r,17r)-8-chloro-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-[(1e,3s)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

(4e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,10,14-tetraene

(6as,9r,9as)-5-chloro-3-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-6a-methyl-9-[(2e)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8-dione

(1r,5s,6r,7r,9s,11s,12r,13s,14s)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

C23H29ClO4 (404.17542640000005)

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(2-amino-9-chlorononyl)amino]-3-methylbutanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C37H54ClN5O7 (715.3711564)

2-({2-[2-({2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene}amino)-n,3-dimethylbutanamido]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C37H54ClN5O9 (747.3609864)

8-(but-2-en-2-yl)-5-chloro-8-methoxy-6a-methyl-3-(3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromen-6-one

(5s,8s,9r)-8-benzoyl-2-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nona-2,6-dien-4-one

C11H20N4O2 (240.15861800000002)

(2r)-2-amino-6-{[2-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}hexanoic acid

[4-(acetyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C32H30O13 (622.168633)

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C42H57N5O9 (775.4156072)

(3e,7e,10r,13s)-3,7,13-trimethyl-10-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclotetradeca-3,7-dien-1-one

C20H32O (288.24530219999997)

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

1-[(9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

(4s)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1s)-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4-(acetyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C32H28O13 (620.1529838)

(1r,3as,3bs,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl 2-ethoxyacetate

C31H52O3 (472.3916242)

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(1s,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1r,4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylpropanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C38H57N5O10 (743.4105222)

docosa-5,9,13,16-tetraenoic acid

C22H36O2 (332.2715156)

(1r,3as,3bs,5r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-5-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H63NO9 (665.4502588)

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H60O (556.464391)

(1s,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1s,4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

[4-(acetyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C32H28O13 (620.1529838)

(2z,4e,7r)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,10-triene

(4e)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,10-triene

(6s)-6-hydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(6s)-6-hydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

1-(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido}-4-methylpentanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

C31H50N4O7 (590.367931)

(2s,4s,5r,6r)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(1r,2r)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C9H16O9 (268.0794286)

n-(4,5-dihydroxy-2-{[1-(7-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl)ethanimidic acid

C35H57NO8 (619.4083962000001)

2-[(4r)-4-[(3as,3br,4r,5ar,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pentyl]-3-hydroxypropoxysulfonic acid

C27H48O8S (532.3069727999999)

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylbutanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylbutanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C39H58ClN5O10 (791.3871998)

(1s,4s)-1-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

(1s,4s)-1-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

(7e)-pentadec-7-enoic acid

C15H28O2 (240.20891880000002)

2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C9H16O9 (268.0794286)

(13e)-nonadec-13-enoic acid

(6r)-6-hydroxy-3-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1,17-diyn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(6r)-6-hydroxy-3-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1,17-diyn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H48O4 (592.3552407999999)

1,2-bis(2-ethyldodecyl) phthalate

C36H62O4 (558.4647851999999)

1-(dimethylarsoryl)pentadecane

C17H37AsO (332.2060212)

(1r,3s,4's,6r,8s,10r,12s,16s,18r,19r,20s,22r,25s,27r,29z,32s,34r,36s,38r,40s,42r,43s,44s,45r,47s,48s,49s,50r,52s,54r,56r,58s,59r)-16-[(1e,3s)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-4',19,48,59-tetrol

(1r,3s,4's,6r,8s,10r,12s,16s,18r,19r,20s,22r,25s,27r,29z,32s,34r,36s,38r,40s,42r,43s,44s,45r,47s,48s,49s,50r,52s,54r,56r,58s,59r)-16-[(1e,3s)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-4',19,48,59-tetrol

C60H86O19 (1110.5763006)

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridec-11-en-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H48O2 (428.36541079999995)

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

2-(1-{1-[2-({2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl}-n-methylformamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C39H57N5O9 (739.4156072)

(1e,5e,9e,12s)-1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclotetradeca-1,5,9-triene

C20H32 (272.2503872)

2-({2-[(2-{2-[(2-aminononyl)amino]-n,3-dimethylbutanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C39H61N5O7 (711.4570756)

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H63NO9 (665.4502588)

ossipurinolo

C5H4N4O2 (152.0334244)

2-{[2-({2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanimidic acid

2-{[2-({2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanimidic acid

C26H46N8O8 (598.3438436)

9a,11a-dimethyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl tetradecanoate

C41H72O2 (596.5532012)

ciguatoxin 1

C60H86O19 (1110.5763006)

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[2-({1-[7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-({[(2r)-1-(2-{[(2s)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanimidic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-({[(2r)-1-(2-{[(2s)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanimidic acid

C26H46N8O8 (598.3438436)

7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-one

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,7r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3s,3as,3br,7r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,10,14-tetraene

C129H192N36O29 (2709.4655221999997)

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)propylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-4-methylpentanoic acid

(1r)-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-1-yn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H54O2 (566.4123584)

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

(2r,6r)-6-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-methylheptyl acetate

C37H62O11 (682.4291902)

2-{[2-(2-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-n,4-dimethylpentanamido)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C36H60ClN5O8 (725.413019)

2-(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-n-methylpropanamido}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido)-4-methylpentanoic acid

C30H50N4O7 (578.367931)

(5r,8s,9s)-8-benzoyl-2-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nona-2,6-dien-4-one

(1r,5r,6r,7r,9s,11s,13s,14r)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

C27H41ClN4O7 (568.2663626000001)

2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]propanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

C33H56N4O7 (620.4148786000001)

1-[(8s)-6-hydroxy-13-(2-methylbutanoyl)-8-[(2z)-undec-2-en-1-yl]-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclooctadec-5-en-1-yl]-2-methylbutan-1-one

C35H66N4O3 (590.5134646)

[(3s,4s,6s)-6-[5-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-{[(2s,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-enoate

[(3s,4s,6s)-6-[5-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-{[(2s,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-enoate

C37H38O20 (802.1956348)

2-{[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n,4-dimethylpentanamido)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

(1r,5r,6r,7r,12s,13s,14s)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

C10H15N3O7 (289.090996)

(1r,5r,6s,7s,9s,11s,12s,13s,14s)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

(1r,4s)-4-[(1e,3e,5z,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(1s,4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

C60H84O16 (1060.5759064000001)

2-[(2-{[2-({2-[(3-amino-10,10-dichloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-[(2-{[2-({2-[(3-amino-10,10-dichloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C33H53Cl2N5O8 (717.3270998)

(1r,3s,6r,8s,10r,12s,16r,18r,19r,20s,22r,25s,27r,29z,32s,34r,36s,38r,40s,42r,43s,44s,45s,47s,48s,49s,50r,52s,54r,56r,58s,59r)-16-[(1e)-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

(1r,3s,6r,8s,10r,12s,16r,18r,19r,20s,22r,25s,27r,29z,32s,34r,36s,38r,40s,42r,43s,44s,45s,47s,48s,49s,50r,52s,54r,56r,58s,59r)-16-[(1e)-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

(1r,5r,6r,7r,9s,11s,12r,13s,14s)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

8-chloro-12-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione

(1r)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C33H56N4O7 (620.4148786000001)

(6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O4 (598.4021884)

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,4r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,4r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H59NO9 (661.4189604000001)

2-[2-(2-{[1,2-dihydroxy-3-(methylamino)decylidene]amino}-n,3-dimethylbutanamido)-n,4-dimethylpentanamido]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-{2-[(2-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxy-n-methylbutanamido}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C40H61N5O10 (771.4418206)

(1r,2r,3r,4s,5r,6r,7s,11r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-9-imino-12-oxa-8,10-diazatricyclo[5.3.2.0¹,⁶]dodecane-11-carboxylic acid

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(5r,8s,9r)-8-benzoyl-2-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nona-2,6-dien-4-one

3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycyclohex-2-en-1-one

C8H12O6 (204.0633852)

(2e,4e,7r,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,10,14-tetraene

1-(2r)-2-ethyldodecyl 2-(2s)-2-ethyldodecyl phthalate

C36H62O4 (558.4647851999999)

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridec-12-en-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H48O2 (428.36541079999995)

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3ar,3br,4r,9ar,9br,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3ar,3br,4r,9ar,9br,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-(acetyloxy)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C37H59NO9 (661.4189604000001)

3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,10-triene

docos-11-enoic acid

[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4-(acetyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2s)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C32H30O13 (622.168633)

vitamin b>3<

C6H6N2O (122.0480106)

(2e,4e,7s)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-diene

C15H28 (208.2190888)

1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclotetradeca-1,5,9-triene

C20H32 (272.2503872)

(1r,10s,13r,14r)-8-chloro-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-[(1e,3s)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁷]heptadeca-2,5,7,12(17)-tetraene-9,16-dione

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,4r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,4r,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,6r)-7-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C35H57NO8 (619.4083962000001)

[(3s,4s,6s)-6-[5-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-{[(2s,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-enoate

C37H38O19 (786.2007198)

(2r)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4r,8s)-4,8,12-trimethyltridec-12-en-1-yl]-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H48O2 (428.36541079999995)

4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yn-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(11e)-nonadec-11-enoic acid

C36H49Cl2N5O9 (765.2907164000001)

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10,10-dichloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]propanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10,10-dichloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]propanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

6,7,13-trihydroxy-14-methoxy-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.0⁴,¹⁶.0¹¹,¹⁵]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaene-3,10-dione

C15H8O8 (316.0219168)

(11s,13s)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}hexanoic acid

(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}hexanoic acid

C106H189N41O29 (2500.4574184)

2-[(2-{[2-({2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C33H55N5O8 (649.405043)

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15z)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(11e)-heptadec-11-enoic acid

C17H32O2 (268.2402172)

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C36H51N5O10 (713.3635746)

(1r,3as,3bs,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,5e)-5-isopropylhept-5-en-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

C29H46O (410.3548466)

1-(2-ethyldecyl) 2-(2-ethylundecyl) phthalate

C33H56O4 (516.4178376)

3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O4 (598.4021884)

(6r)-6-hydroxy-3-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-1-yn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(6r)-6-hydroxy-3-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-1-yn-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H50O4 (594.3708899999999)

(29z)-16-[(1z)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

(29z)-16-[(1z)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-43,44,49,54,58-pentamethyl-2,7,11,17,21,26,33,37,41,46,51,57-dodecaoxaspiro[dodecacyclo[30.28.0.0³,²⁷.0⁶,²⁵.0⁸,²².0¹⁰,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁸.0³⁴,⁵⁸.0³⁶,⁵⁶.0³⁸,⁵².0⁴⁰,⁵⁰.0⁴²,⁴⁷]hexacontane-45,2'-oxolane]-4,14,23,29-tetraene-19,48,59-triol

C60H86O18 (1094.5813856)

(9e)-nonadec-9-enoic acid

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,16r)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H60O (556.464391)

(1r,4s)-1-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

(1r,4s)-1-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-yn-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol

(5s,8s,9s)-8-benzoyl-2-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nona-2,6-dien-4-one

(1r,5r,6r,7s,9r,11s,13s,14s)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1⁷,¹¹.0¹,⁶]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol

(1s,2s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol

(1s,2s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

2-[(2-{[(1-{2-[(3-amino-10-chloro-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C36H50ClN5O10 (747.324603)

(1s)-4-[(3z,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4s)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(2s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

(2s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-2-[(2s)-2-{[(2s,3r)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxydecylidene]amino}-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-methylpropanamido]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

C40H59N5O9 (753.4312564)

(4e,8e,12e,15e,18e,21e)-tetracosa-4,8,12,15,18,21-hexaenoic acid

C24H36O2 (356.2715156)

(2s,3s,4s,5r,11s,12s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-imino-10,13,15-trioxa-6,8-diazapentacyclo[7.4.1.1³,¹².0⁵,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁴]pentadecane-2,4,12-triol

C11H15N3O7 (301.090996)

(6as,9r,9as)-5-chloro-9-[(2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl]-3-[(1e,3r,4r)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-6a-methyl-9h,9ah-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8-dione

C22H27ClO4 (390.15977720000006)

(7s,8s)-5-chloro-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-8-[(3e)-3-methyl-2-oxopent-3-en-1-yl]-3-[(1e,3s)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-8h-isochromen-6-one

9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[5-(oxetan-3-yl)pentan-2-yl]-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-4,7,11-triol

C27H46O4 (434.3395916)

8-benzoyl-2-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nona-2,6-dien-4-one

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol