NCBI Taxonomy: 39350
Ocimum basilicum (ncbi_taxid: 39350)
found 500 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Ocimum
Child Taxonomies: Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum, Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflorum, Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. It is a red-orange powder that is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble is most organic solvents. Rosmarinic acid is one of the polyphenolic substances contained in culinary herbs such as perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). These herbs are commonly grown in the garden as kitchen herbs, and while used to add flavor in cooking, are also known to have several potent physiological effects (PMID: 12482446, 15120569). BioTransformer predicts that rosmarinic acid is a product of methylrosmarinic acid metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in humans and human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rosemary Oil (part of); Comfrey Root (part of); Holy basil leaf (part of) ... View More ... D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Isolated from rosemary, mint, sage, thyme, lemon balm and other plants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
Naringenin
Naringenin is a flavorless, colorless flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit, and is found in a variety of fruits and herbs. Naringenin has the skeleton structure of a flavanone with three hydroxy groups at the 4, 5, and 7 carbons. It may be found both in the aglycol form, naringenin, or in its glycosidic form, naringin, which has the addition of the disaccharide neohesperidose attached via a glycosidic linkage at carbon 7. Naringenin (not to be confused with naringin) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA. Scientists exposed cells to 80 micomoles of naringenin per liter, for 24 hours, and found that the amount of hydroxyl damage to the DNA was reduced by 24 percent in that very short period of time. Unfortunately, this bioflavonoid is difficult to absorb on oral ingestion. Only 15\\\\\\\% of ingested naringenin will get absorbed, in the human gastrointestinal tract, in the best case scenario. A full glass of orange juice will supply about enough naringenin to achieve a concentration of about 0.5 micromoles per liter. Naringenin is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. (S)-naringenin is the (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. It has a role as an expectorant and a plant metabolite. It is a naringenin and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-naringenin(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-naringenin. Naringenin is a natural product found in Elaeodendron croceum, Garcinia multiflora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Naringin (related). Most widely distributed flavanone. Citrus fruits (grapefruit, oranges and pummelos) are especially good sources. Glycosides also widely distributed The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_20eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_10eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_40eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_30eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_pos_50eV_CB000030.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_10eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_30eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_50eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_20eV_000021.txt [Raw Data] CB070_Naringenin_neg_40eV_000021.txt (±)-Naringenin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=67604-48-2 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 67604-48-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.
Vanillic acid
Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavouring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odour. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea, and vanilla-flavoured confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Amycolatopsis, Delftia, and Pseudomonas (PMID: 11152072, 10543794, 11728709, 9579070). Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavoring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odor. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea and vanilla-flavored confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity. (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monohydroxybenzoic acid and a methoxybenzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vanillate. Vanillic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. Vanillic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. Vanillic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=121-34-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 121-34-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].
Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of styrenes and a member of cinnamic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cinnamic acid is a natural product found in Marsypopetalum crassum, Aiouea brenesii, and other organisms with data available. Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point of 133 degree centigrade and a boiling point of 300 degree centigrade. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Chinese Cinnamon (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of) ... View More ... Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID C016 Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].
Gallic acid
Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999) Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a gallate. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Gallic Acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent. See also: Gallic acid monohydrate (active moiety of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of) ... View More ... Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is widely distributed in plants and is found both free and as part of tannins. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed gallates. Gallic acid has been found to be s metabolite of Aspergillus (PMID:24031294). A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. Present in red wine. Japan approved food antioxidant additive Gallic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=149-91-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 149-91-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].
4-Hydroxycinnamic acid
4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, also known as p-Coumaric acid, is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. p-coumaric acid is an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acid: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid exists in two forms trans-p-coumaric acid and cis-p-coumaric acid. It is a crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as pepper (Capsicum frutescens), pineapples, and sunflowers and in a lower concentration in spinachs, kiwis, and sweet oranges. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as wild rices, soursops, garden onions, hyssops, and avocado. 4-coumaric acid is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. trans-4-Coumaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of) ... View More ... Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, turmeric, green bell pepper, and common thyme. D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 168 KEIO_ID C024 p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7400-08-0 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 7400-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Gentisate
Gentisic acid, also known as gentisate or 2,5-dioxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. Gentisic acid is also classified as a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1\\\\\%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, which is excreted by the kidneys. Gentisic acid is found in essentially all organisms ranging from bacteria to fungi to plants to animals. Gentisic acid has been associated with a number of useful effects on human health and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and especially antioxidant activities (PMID: 31825145). It is widely distributed in plants as a secondary plant product such as Gentiana spp., Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera, Pterocarpus santalinus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Olea europaea, and Sesamum indicum and in fruits such as avocados, batoko plum, kiwi fruits, apple, bitter melon, black berries, pears, and some mushrooms (PMID: 31825145). Gentisic acid is found in higher concentrations in a number of foods such as tarragons, common thymes, and common sages and in a lower concentration in grape wines, rosemaries, and sweet marjorams. Gentisic acid has also been shown to act as a pathogen-inducible signal for the activation of plant defenses in tomato plants and cucumbers (PMID: 16321412; https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.3.227). Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a crystalline powder that forms monoclinic prism in water solution. Gentisic acid is an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation. There is an increasing amount of evidence indicating that gentisic acid has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties. Gentisic acid is also a byproduct of tyrosine and benzoate metabolism. [HMDB]. Gentisic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common sage, common grape, nutmeg, and dill. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a human metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Persicaria mitis, Tilia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=490-79-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 490-79-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.
Camphor
Camphor appears as a colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor. About the same density as water. Emits flammable vapors above 150 °F. Used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings. Camphor is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a bornane monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone. Camphor is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.986 Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2]. Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2].
Aesculetin
Aesculetin, also known as cichorigenin or cichoriin aglucon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins. These are coumarins bearing two hydroxyl groups at positions 6 and 7 of the coumarin skeleton, respectively. Aesculetin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sherries. Aesculetin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as horseradish, carrots, dandelions, grape wines, and highbush blueberries. This could make aesculetin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Esculetin is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. It has a role as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet filter and a plant metabolite. Esculetin is a natural product found in Artemisia eriopoda, Euphorbia decipiens, and other organisms with data available. A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. Metabolite of infected sweet potato. Aesculetin is found in many foods, some of which are root vegetables, wild carrot, sweet basil, and carrot. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_20eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_10eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_40eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_50eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_pos_30eV_CB000017.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_10eV_000010.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_20eV_000010.txt [Raw Data] CB031_Aesculetin_neg_30eV_000010.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 39 Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1].
Luteolin
Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid. (PMID:17168665). The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C6-C3-C6), composed of a chroman (C6-C3) nucleus (the benzo ring A and the heterocyclic ring C), also shared by the tocopherols, with a phenyl (the aromatic ring B) substitution usually at the 2-position. Different substitutions can typically occur in the rings, A and B. Several plants and spices containing flavonoid derivatives have found application as disease preventive and therapeutic agents in traditional medicine in Asia for thousands of years. The selection of a particular food plant, plant tissue or herb for its potential health benefits appears to mirror its flavonoid composition. The much lower risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers in Asians, who consume more vegetables, fruits and tea than populations in the Western hemisphere do, raises the question of whether flavonoid components mediate the protective effects of diets rich in these foodstuffs by acting as natural chemopreventive and anticancer agents. An impressive body of information exists on the antitumoral action of plant flavonoids. In vitro work has concentrated on the direct and indirect actions of flavonoids on tumor cells, and has found a variety of anticancer effects such as cell growth and kinase activity inhibition, apoptosis induction, suppression of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and of tumor invasive behavior. Furthermore, some studies have reported the impairment of in vivo angiogenesis by dietary flavonoids. Experimental animal studies indicate that certain dietary flavonoids possess antitumoral activity. The hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavones and flavonols, such as luteolin seems to critically influence their activities, especially the inhibition of protein kinase activity and antiproliferation. The different mechanisms underlying the potential anticancer action of plant flavonoids await further elucidation. Certain dietary flavonols and flavones targeting cell surface signal transduction enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and focal adhesion kinases, and the processes of angiogenesis appear to be promising candidates as anticancer agents. Further in vivo studies of these bioactive constituents is deemed necessary in order to develop flavonoid-based anticancer strategies. In view of the increasing interest in the association between dietary flavonoids and cancer initiation and progression, this important field is likely to witness expanded effort and to attract and stimulate further vigorous investigations (PMID:16097445). Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate. Luteolin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis. 5,7,3,4-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. Flavone v. widespread in plant world; found especies in celery, peppermint, rosemary, thyme and Queen Annes Lace leaves (wild carrot). Potential nutriceutical. Luteolin is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, ginger, abalone, and swiss chard. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. IPB_RECORD: 361; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].
linolenate(18:3)
alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is a member of the group of essential fatty acids called omega-3 fatty acids. alpha-Linolenic acid, in particular, is not synthesized by mammals and therefore is an essential dietary requirement for all mammals. Certain nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, olive) are particularly rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids get their name based on the location of one of their first double bond. In all omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-3). Although humans and other mammals can synthesize saturated and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n-6 or the n-3 position of a fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability, and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. alpha-Linolenic acid and other omega-3 fatty acids may regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). alpha-Linolenic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. α-Linolenic acid can be obtained by humans only through their diets. Humans lack the desaturase enzymes required for processing stearic acid into A-linoleic acid or other unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary α-linolenic acid is metabolized to stearidonic acid, a precursor to a collection of polyunsaturated 20-, 22-, 24-, etc fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid).[12] Because the efficacy of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis decreases down the cascade of α-linolenic acid conversion, DHA synthesis from α-linolenic acid is even more restricted than that of EPA.[13] Conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than in men.[14] α-Linolenic acid, also known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (from Greek alpha meaning "first" and linon meaning flax), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid.[2] In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3 (n−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is a regioisomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (n−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds). Alpha-linolenic acid is a linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-linolenate and a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. alpha-Linolenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Linolenic Acid is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Dipteryx lacunifera, and other organisms with data available. Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid belonging to the omega-3 fatty acids group. It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins. Seed oils are the richest sources of α-linolenic acid, notably those of hempseed, chia, perilla, flaxseed (linseed oil), rapeseed (canola), and soybeans. α-Linolenic acid is also obtained from the thylakoid membranes in the leaves of Pisum sativum (pea leaves).[3] Plant chloroplasts consisting of more than 95 percent of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes are highly fluid due to the large abundance of ALA, evident as sharp resonances in high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectra.[4] Some studies state that ALA remains stable during processing and cooking.[5] However, other studies state that ALA might not be suitable for baking as it will polymerize with itself, a feature exploited in paint with transition metal catalysts. Some ALA may also oxidize at baking temperatures. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
Genkwanin
Genkwanin, also known as 5,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone or 7-methylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, genkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Genkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Genkwanin is a bitter tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as winter savory, sweet basil, rosemary, and common sage, which makes genkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Genkwanin is an O-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in the seeds of Alnus glutinosa, and the leaves of the ferns Notholaena bryopoda and Asplenium normale . Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. It is a colorless solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Salicylic acid modulates COX1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylates antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth. Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor. The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis. Salicylic acid is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway. Salicylic acid is an odorless white to light tan solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999) Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. Salicylic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants. It has direct activity as an anti-inflammatory agent and acts as a topical antibacterial agent due to its ability to promote exfoliation. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. See also: Benzoic Acid (has active moiety); Methyl Salicylate (active moiety of); Benzyl salicylate (is active moiety of) ... View More ... A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. Salicylic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=69-72-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 69-72-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1]. Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1].
Ursolic acid
Ursolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has been isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, such as Eriobotrya japonica, Rosmarinns officinalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, Ocimum sanctum and Glechoma hederaceae. UA has been reported to produce antitumor activities and antioxidant activity, and is reported to have an antioxidant activity. UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS (reactive oxygen species). It has been found recently that ursolic acid treatment affects growth and apoptosis in cancer cells. (PMID: 15994040, 17516235, 17213663). Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Ursolic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. Ursolic Acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, with a variety of potential pharmacologic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, serum lipid-lowering, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, ursolic acid may promote apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms. This may include the regulation of mitochondrial function through various pathways including the ROCK/PTEN and p53 pathways, the suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, and the increase in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of). D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent Found in wax of apples, pears and other fruits. V. widely distributed in plants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.
Chlorogenic acid
Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate. Chlorogenic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Chlorogenic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Fragaria nipponica, and other organisms with data available. Chlorogenic Acid is a polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid that is found in coffee and black tea, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Chlorogenic acid scavenges free radicals, which inhibits DNA damage and may protect against the induction of carcinogenesis. In addition, this agent may upregulate the expression of genes involved in the activation of the immune system and enhances activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Chlorogenic acid also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68). See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of) ... View More ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is the major polyphenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid. The chlorogenic acid content of a 200 ml (7-oz) cup of coffee has been reported to range from 70-350 mg, which would provide about 35-175 mg of caffeic acid. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinsons disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. (PMID:16507475, 17368041). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_10eV_1-1_01_209.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_30eV_1-1_01_218.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_20eV_1-1_01_217.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_30eV_1-1_01_211.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_40eV_1-1_01_219.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_20eV_1-1_01_210.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_50eV_1-1_01_213.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_50eV_1-1_01_220.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_10eV_1-1_01_216.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_40eV_1-1_01_212.txt Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Apigenin
Apigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin-7-olate. Apigenin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. Apigenin inhibits the expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter and the increase in hINV promoter activity. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes. (A7924). Apigenin, a flavone abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic activities through poorly defined mechanisms. This flavonoid provides selective activity to promote caspase-dependent-apoptosis of leukemia cells and uncover an essential role of PKCdelta during the induction of apoptosis by apigenin. (A7925). Apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, apigenin-mediated induction of DR5 expression is not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (A7926). 5,7,4-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. Apigenin inhibits the expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, and MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes (PMID: 16982614). Apigenin, a flavone abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic activities through poorly defined mechanisms. This flavonoid provides selective activity to promote caspase-dependent-apoptosis of leukemia cells and uncover an essential role of PKCdelta during the induction of apoptosis by apigenin (PMID: 16844095). Apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, apigenin-mediated induction of DR5 expression is not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (PMID: 16648565). Flavone found in a wide variety of foodstuffs; buckwheat, cabbage, celeriac, celery, lettuce, oregano, parsley, peppermint, perilla, pummelo juice, thyme, sweet potatoes, green tea and wild carrot [DFC] A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5093 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8561; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8572; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8554 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8539 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 771; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5089 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_10eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_40eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_20eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_30eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_pos_50eV_CB000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_40eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_20eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_10eV_000005.txt [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_50eV_000005.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 151 [Raw Data] CB002_Apigenin_neg_30eV_000005.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 26 Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.
Acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Odontites viscosus, and other organisms with data available. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2]. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2].
Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of catechols. Caffeic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Caffeic Acid is an orally bioavailable, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress, thereby preventing DNA damage induced by free radicals. Caffeic acid targets and inhibits the histone demethylase (HDM) oncoprotein gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1; JMJD2C; KDM4C) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. GASC1, a member of the KDM4 subgroup of Jumonji (Jmj) domain-containing proteins, demethylates trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K9 and H3K36), and plays a key role in tumor cell development. Caffeic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Arctium lappa Root (part of); Comfrey Leaf (part of) ... View More ... 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate, also known as trans-Caffeate, is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). trans-Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are flaxseed, cereal and cereal products, common grape, fruits, and common sage. It is also found in wine and coffee in free and conjugated forms. Caffeic acid (CAS: 331-39-5) is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). Caffeic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 28396925). Caffeic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=331-39-5 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 331-39-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Kaempferol
Kaempferol is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of flavonols, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol oxoanion. Kaempferol is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid which has been isolated from Delphinium, Witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276-278 degree centigrade. It is slightly soluble in water, and well soluble in hot ethanol and diethyl ether. Kaempferol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of). Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound. Very widespread in the plant world, e.g. in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Found especies in broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon [CCD] A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4291; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2358; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 47 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 45 Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
Eriodictyol
Eriodictyol, also known as 3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone or 2,3-dihydroluteolin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. Thus, eriodictyol is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Outside of the human body, eriodictyol has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common oregano, common thymes, parsley, sweet basils, and tarragons. This could make eriodictyol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Eriodictyol is a compound isolated from Eriodictyon californicum and can be used in medicine as an expectorant. BioTransformer predicts that eriodictiol is a product of luteolin metabolism via a flavonoid-c-ring-reduction reaction catalyzed by an unspecified-gut microbiota enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Eriodictyol, also known as 5735-tetrahydroxyflavanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. Eriodictyol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Eriodictyol can be found in a number of food items such as rowal, grape, cardamom, and lemon balm, which makes eriodictyol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum), a plant native to North America. Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying properties, the other three being homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt, and sterubin . Eriodictyol is a tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone and a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones. Eriodictyol is a natural product found in Eupatorium album, Eupatorium hyssopifolium, and other organisms with data available. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM.
Ferulic acid
trans-Ferulic acid is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid that can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted through the urine. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants, varying from 5 g/kg in wheat bran to 9 g/kg in sugar-beet pulp and 50 g/kg in corn kernel. It occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form (albeit rarely) and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. It is usually found as ester cross-links with polysaccharides in the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans in grasses, pectin in spinach and sugar beet, and xyloglucans in bamboo. It also can cross-link with proteins. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation (carbohydrates and proteins), it readily forms a resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical which accounts for its potent antioxidant potential. Food supplementation with curcumin and ferulic acid is considered a nutritional approach to reducing oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer disease (PMID:17127365, 1398220, 15453708, 9878519). Ferulic acid can be found in Pseudomonas and Saccharomyces (PMID:8395165). Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate. Ferulic acid is a natural product found in Haplophyllum griffithianum, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Ferulic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Angelica sinensis root (part of). Widely distributed in plants, first isolated from Ferula foetida (asafoetida). Antioxidant used to inhibit oxidn. of fats, pastry products, etc. Antifungal agent used to prevent fruit spoilage. trans-Ferulic acid is found in many foods, some of which are deerberry, peach, shea tree, and common bean. A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H074 (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
Hesperetin
Hesperetin, also known as prestwick_908 or YSO2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 4-o-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C4 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, hesperetin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Hesperetin also seems to upregulate the LDL receptor. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside , is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges. Hesperetin is a drug which is used for lowering cholesterol and, possibly, otherwise favorably affecting lipids. In vitro research also suggests the possibility that hesperetin might have some anticancer effects and that it might have some anti-aromatase activity. Hesperetin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Hesperetin is a bitter tasting compound. Hesperetin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as limes, persian limes, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in pummelo, welsh onions, and lemons. Hesperetin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as yellow bell peppers, carrots, rapinis, hazelnuts, and beers. Hesperetin is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Hesperetin reduces or inhibits the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase genes (ACAT1 and ACAT2) and it reduces microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity. Hesperetin is a trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4-position. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavanone, a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones and a member of 4-methoxyflavanones. It is a conjugate acid of a hesperetin(1-). Hesperetin belongs to the flavanone class of flavonoids. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside [hesperidin], is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges. Hesperetin is a natural product found in Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, Dalbergia parviflora, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Mentha (peppermint) and numerous Citrussubspecies, with lemons, tangerines and oranges being especially good sources. Nutriceutical with anti-cancer props. Glycosides also widely distributed A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4-position. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_40eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_50eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_30eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_20eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_pos_10eV_CB000021.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_20eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_10eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_40eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_50eV_000014.txt [Raw Data] CB046_Hesperetin_neg_30eV_000014.txt Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis.
Quercetin
Quercetin appears as yellow needles or yellow powder. Converts to anhydrous form at 203-207 °F. Alcoholic solutions taste very bitter. (NTP, 1992) Quercetin is a pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a protein kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a phytoestrogen, a radical scavenger, a chelator, an Aurora kinase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin-7-olate. Quercetin is a flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin. Quercetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many foods and herbs and is a regular component of a normal diet. Extracts of quercetin have been used to treat or prevent diverse conditions including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, rheumatic diseases, infections and cancer but have not been shown to be effective in clinical trials for any medical condition. Quercetin as a nutritional supplement is well tolerated and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to episodes of clinically apparent liver injury. Quercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercitin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adju... Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercetin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adjustment for known risk factors and other dietary components. A limited number of intervention studies with flavonoids and flavonoid containing foods and extracts has been performed in several pathological conditions (PMID:17015250). Quercetin is isolated from many plants, especially fruits, such as Helichrysum, Euphorbia and Karwinskia spp. Present in the Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Passifloraceae and many other families. For example detected in almost all studied Umbelliferae. Nutriceutical with antiinflammatory props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Found in a wide variety of foods especially apples, bee pollen, blackcurrants, capers, cocoa, cranberries, dock leaves, elderberries, fennel, lovage, red onions, ancho peppers, dill weed and tarragon. A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4014; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4012 INTERNAL_ID 298; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4019; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4016 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4024; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4023 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_30eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 1761; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_10eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_20eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_40eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_50eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 161; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_40eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_50eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_20eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_30eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_10eV_000027.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 54 Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, also known simply as linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Linalool has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. There are two stereoisomers of Linalool ‚Äö√Ñ√¨ (S)-linalool and (R)-linalool. Linalool is used as a scent in 60\\\\\% to 80\\\\\% of perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is also used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. Linalool is found in more than 200 different species of plants, including many flowers and spice plants. (S)-linalool is found, for example, as a major constituent of the essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cymbopogon (Cymbopogon martini var. martinii), and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) flowers. (R)-linalool is present in lavender (Lavandula officinalis), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), among others. Linalool is also found in plants from the Lamiaceae family (mint and other herbs), Lauraceae (laurels, cinnamon, rosewood), Cinnamomum tamala, Solidago Meyen, Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Humulus lupulus. Linalool is also one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). There are more than 140 known terpenes in cannabis and the combination of these terepenoids produces the skunky, fruity odor characteristic of C. savita. Like the majority of monoterpenes, linalool starts with the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) (PMID:7640522 ). Linalool is then synthesized with the aid of linalool synthase (LIS) (PMID:12572612 ). Linalool has a citrus, floral, rose, woody aroma and a citrus, orange, waxy taste. Linalool is found in a few different foods and spices, such as spearmints, corianders, common thymes, limes, grapes, lemons, grapefruit, oranges, pineapples, blackcurrants, basil, and common oregano. This could make, Linalool a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Linalool is also synthesized, de novo, by yeast (C. cerevisiae) and may contribute to the floral tones found in some wines (PMID:15668008 ). Linalool is a monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. It is a tertiary alcohol and a monoterpenoid. Linalool is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of); Clary Sage Oil (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. Flavouring agent. Widespread natural occurrence as the optically active and racemic forms in over 200 essential oilsand is) also present in numerous fruits. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2]. Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities[1][2][3][4][5]. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2].
Beta-eudesmol
Beta-eudesmol is a carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer). It has a role as a volatile oil component. It is a carbobicyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol and a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid. beta-Eudesmol is a natural product found in Rhododendron calostrotum, Rhododendron lepidotum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Pterocarpus marsupium wood (part of). A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer). Beta-Eudesmol is a natural oxygenated sesquiterpene, activates hTRPA1, with an EC50 of 32.5 μM. Beta-Eudesmol increases appetite through TRPA1[1]. Beta-Eudesmol is a natural oxygenated sesquiterpene, activates hTRPA1, with an EC50 of 32.5 μM. Beta-Eudesmol increases appetite through TRPA1[1].
Stigmasterol
Stigmasterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. Stigmasterol is found to be associated with phytosterolemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Stigmasterol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Stigmasterol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and unsaturated bonds in position 5-6 of the B ring, and position 22-23 in the alkyl substituent. Stigmasterol is found in the fats and oils of soybean, calabar bean and rape seed, as well as several other vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. See also: Comfrey Root (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats or oils of soybean, calabar bean, and rape seed, and in a number of medicinal herbs, including the Chinese herbs Ophiopogon japonicus (Mai men dong) and American Ginseng. Stigmasterol is also found in various vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Betulin
Betulin is found in black elderberry. Betulin is a constituent of Corylus avellana (filbert) and Vicia faba. Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3 ,28-diol) is an abundant naturally occurring triterpene. It is commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees and forms up to 30\\\\\% of the dry weight of the extractive. The purpose of the compound in the bark is not known. It can be converted to betulinic acid (the alcohol group replaced by a carboxylic acid group), which is biologically more active than betulin itself. Chemically, betulin is a triterpenoid of lupane structure. It has a pentacyclic ring structure, and hydroxyl groups in positions C3 and C28 Betulin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiviral agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a diol. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Betulin is a natural product found in Diospyros morrisiana, Euonymus carnosus, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. Constituent of Corylus avellana (filbert) and Vicia faba Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line.
Betulinic acid
Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, an antimalarial, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Betulinic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome. Betulinic acid is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Gladiolus italicus, and other organisms with data available. Betulinic Acid is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin (isolated from the bark of Betula alba, the common white birch) with antiinflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis through induction of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in the release of mitochondrial apogenic factors, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Although originally thought to exhibit specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, this agent has been found to be cytotoxic against non-melanoma tumor cell types including neuroectodermal and brain tumor cells. A lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin which was originally isolated from BETULA or birch tree. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. See also: Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). Betulinic acid is found in abiyuch. Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid which has anti-retroviral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as a more recently discovered potential as an anticancer agent, by inhibition of topoisomerase. It is found in the bark of several species of plants, principally the white birch (Betula pubescens) from which it gets its name, but also the Ber tree (Ziziphus mauritiana), the tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum and Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), flowering quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), Rosemary, and Pulsatilla chinensis. Controversial is a role of p53 in betulinic acid-induced apoptosis. Fulda suggested p53-independent mechanism of the apoptosis, basing on fact of no accumulation of wild-type p53 detected upon treatment with the betulinic acid, whereas wild-type p53 protein strongly increased after treatment with doxorubicin. The suggestion is supported by study of Raisova. On the other hand Rieber suggested that betulinic acid exerts its inhibitory effect on human metastatic melanoma partly by increasing p53 A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Oleanolic acid
Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Oleanolic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. Oleanolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. (PMID:17292619, 15522132, 15994040). Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an oleanolate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Oleanolic acid is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of) ... View More ... Occurs as glycosides in cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), olive leaves, etc. Very widely distributed aglycone A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_40eV.txt Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.
beta-Elemene
(-)-beta-elemene is the (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Beta-elemene is one of the isomers of elemene, a lipid soluble sesquiterpene and the active component isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which beta-elemene exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to induce apoptosis through different mechanisms of action and induces cell cycle arrest at different stages based on the tumor cell type involved. Beta-elemene may sensitize cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). Beta-elemene, also known as B-elemen or 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane, is a member of the class of compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. Elemane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. Beta-elemene is a fresh, herbal, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lovage, anise, spearmint, and orange mint, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-elemene can be found primarily in saliva. beta-Elemene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. These are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. beta-Elemene can be found in herbs, spices, and root vegetables, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a constituent of sweet flag, juniper oils, and Mentha species. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.
(-)-Sabinene
Sabinene (CAS: 3387-41-5) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Thus, sabinene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Sabinene is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (-)-Sabinene is found in herbs and spices and is a constituent of Laurus nobilis (bay laurel). Constituent of Laurus nobilis (bay laurel) and some other plants. (-)-4(10)-Thujene is found in sweet bay and herbs and spices. Sabinene is a thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Black pepper allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Laurus nobilis allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Nutmeg allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Sabinene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Carrot Seed Oil is the oil extracted from the seeds of Daucus carota. Carrot seed oil is primarily used in skin treatment preparations. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Sabinene is an naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels. Sabinene is also an orally active compound to attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy and regulates ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways[1][2]. Sabinene is an naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels. Sabinene is also an orally active compound to attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy and regulates ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways[1][2].
Cirsilineol
Cirsilineol, also known as 4,5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-flavone or anisomelin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, cirsilineol is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cirsilineol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cirsilineol can be found in a number of food items such as common thyme, tarragon, common sage, and hyssop, which makes cirsilineol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cirsilineol is a bioactive flavone isolated from Artemisia and from Teucrium gnaphalodes . Cirsilineol is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsilineol is a natural product found in Thymus herba-barona, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of).
D-Citronellol
Citronellol is formally classified as alkylalcohol although it is biochemically a monoterpenoid as it is synthesized from isoprene units. Citronellol is a neutral compound. It is a naturally occurring organic compound found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Citronellol occurs in many essential oils as either ‚Äì or + enantiomers. -Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55\\\\\\%) and Pelargonium geraniums while + citronellol is found in citronella oils extracted from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon nardus or citronella grass. Citronellol has a citrus, floral, and geranium taste with a floral¬†leathery¬†waxy¬†rose¬†citrus odor ( Ref:DOI ). It is used in perfumery to add scents to soaps and incense. It is an insect repellent that repels mosquitos at short distances (PMID:2862274 ). Citronellol is found in highest concentrations in gingers, sweet basils, and winter savories and in lower concentrations in highbush blueberries, bilberries, and cardamoms. Citronellol has also been detected in blackcurrants, fennels, evergreen blackberries, herbs and spices, and nutmegs making citronellol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Citronellol has promising pharmacological activities (PMID:30453001 ) against human lung cancer (PMID:31280209 ), against induced rat breast cancer (PMID:31313341 ), has antifungal activity against Candida species (PMID:32150884 ) and has anti-hypertensive properties (PMID:26872991 ). (R)-(+)-citronellol is a citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-(-)-citronellol. D-Citronellol is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Saxifraga stolonifera, and other organisms with data available. See also: beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL (component of); beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL; LINALOOL, (+/-)- (component of) ... View More ... Constituent of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. A common constituent of plant oils, especies in the Rutaceae. D-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].
Polylimonene
Dipentene appears as a colorless liquid with an odor of lemon. Flash point 113 °F. Density about 7.2 lb /gal and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent for rosin, waxes, rubber; as a dispersing agent for oils, resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, and in floor waxes and furniture polishes. Limonene is a monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a cycloalkene and a p-menthadiene. Limonene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Limonene, (+/-)- is a racemic mixture of limonene, a natural cyclic monoterpene and major component of the oil extracted from citrus rind with chemo-preventive and antitumor activities. The metabolites of DL-limonene, perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, uroterpenol and limonene 1,2-diol are suggested to inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of p21-dependent signaling, induce apoptosis via the induction of the transforming growth factor beta-signaling pathway, inhibit post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins, result in G1 cell cycle arrest as well as cause differential expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Limonene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Larrea tridentata whole (part of). Constituent of many essential oils. (±)-Limonene is found in many foods, some of which are common oregano, nutmeg, herbs and spices, and summer savory. Dipentene is found in carrot. Dipentene is a constituent of many essential oils
(-)-beta-Pinene
(-)-beta-pinene is the (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-beta-pinene. (-)-beta-Pinene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, and other organisms with data available. Flavouring ingredient. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in many foods, some of which are almond, hyssop, sweet bay, and common sage. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in almond. (-)-beta-Pinene is a flavouring ingredient. The (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2]. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2].
5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol
5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol, also known as 2-hydroxy-p-cymene or 2-p-cymenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, but fairly soluble in organic solvents. Thus, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Thymol is found in the essential oil of thyme and in the essential oils of several different plants. It can be extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), Ajwain and various other kinds of plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol also provides the distinctive, strong flavor of the culinary herb thyme, also produced from T. vulgaris. Thymol has also been identified as a volatile compound found in cannabis samples obtained from police seizures (PMID:26657499 ). Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a TRPA1 channel agonist. It is a member of phenols, a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene. Carvacrol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. Carvacrol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Oregano Leaf Oil (part of). A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). Constituent of many essential oils. Especies found in the Labiatae. Thyme oil (=70\\\\%) and Origanum oil (=80\\\\%) are rich sources. Flavouring ingredient COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1]. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1].
beta-Myrcene
7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene, also known as beta-Myrcene or myrcene is an acyclic monoterpene. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. beta-Myrcene is a significant component of the essential oil of several plants, including allspice, bay, cannabis, hops, houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, myrcia, verbena, west indian bay tree, and cardamom. It is also the main component of wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40\\\\% by weight of myrcene. Industrially, it is produced mainly semi-synthetically from myrcia, from which it gets its name. Myrcene has been detected as a volatile component in cannabis plant samples (PMID:26657499 ) and its essential oils (PMID:6991645 ). beta-Myrcene is the most abundant monoterpene in Cannabis and it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antimutagenic activities. beta-Myrcene is a flavouring agent and it is used in the perfumery industry. It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly. It is a key intermediate in the production of several fragrances such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool. Myrcene, [liquid] appears as a yellow oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point below 200 °F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Beta-myrcene is a monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anabolic agent, a fragrance, a flavouring agent and a volatile oil component. Myrcene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in allspice. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is a flavouring agent. Myrcene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Caraway Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of); Juniper Berry Oil (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. Flavouring agent Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
(2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol
Borneol appears as a white colored lump-solid with a sharp camphor-like odor. Burns readily. Slightly denser than water and insoluble in water. Used to make perfumes. Borneol is a bornane monoterpenoid that is 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a metabolite. Isoborneol is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. Both Borneol and Isoborneol and their acetates and formates are used as flavouring agents. 2-Bornanol is found in turmeric. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2]. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2].
Alphitolsaure
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a betulinic acid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Alphitolic acid is a natural product found in Quercus aliena, Alphitonia petriei, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.
Amyrin
Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].
Caryophyllene alpha-oxide
Caryophyllene oxide is an epoxide. It has a role as a metabolite.
Caryophyllene oxide is a natural product found in Xylopia emarginata, Eupatorium altissimum, and other organisms with data available.
See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of).
Caryophyllene alpha-oxide is a minor produced of epoxidn. of
Secoisolariciresinol
Secoisolariciresinol, also known as knotolan or secoisolariciresinol, (r*,s*)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as dibenzylbutanediol lignans. Dibenzylbutanediol lignans are lignan compounds containing a 2,3-dibenzylbutane-1,4-diol moiety. Secoisolariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Secoisolariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as grape, saskatoon berry, asparagus, and sweet potato, which makes secoisolariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Secoisolariciresinol can be found primarily in urine. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoid. It is present in the water extract of silver fir wood, where its content is more than 5 \\\\% . (-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol. Secoisolariciresinol has been used in trials studying the prevention of Breast Cancer. Secoisolariciresinol is a natural product found in Fitzroya cupressoides, Crossosoma bigelovii, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.
Cirsimaritin
Cirsimaritin, also known as 4,5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone or scrophulein, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, cirsimaritin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Cirsimaritin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cirsimaritin can be found in a number of food items such as italian oregano, lemon verbena, winter savory, and rosemary, which makes cirsimaritin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Thymol
Thymol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. It has a role as a volatile oil component. It is a member of phenols and a monoterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene. A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed) Thymol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Elymus repens root (part of); Eucalyptol; thymol (component of) ... View More ... Thymol is a phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. It is also called "hydroxy cymene". In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, thymol is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Found in many essential oils. Especies found in the Labiatae. Rich sources are thyme oil, seed oil of Ptychotis ajowan and oils of horsemint (Monarda punctata) and Ocimum subspecies Flavouring ingredient C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1]. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1].
beta-Geraniol
Geraniol is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a sweet rose odor. (NTP, 1992) Geraniol is a monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. It has a role as a fragrance, an allergen, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. Geraniol is a monoterpene that is found within many essential oils of fruits, vegetables, and herbs including rose oil, citronella, lemongrass, lavender, and other aromatic plants. It is emitted from the flowers of many species of plant and is commonly used by the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industry. Geraniol has demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective to name a few. Interestingly, geraniol has also been shown to sensitize tumour cells to commonly used chemotherapies including [DB00544] and [DB01248] and represents a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Due to its anticancer effects, geraniol has been found to be effective against a broad range of cancers including breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, skin, liver, kidney and oral cancers. These pharmacologic effects are clinically important as geraniol is classified as generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. Sensitivity to geraniol may be identified with a clinical patch test. Geraniol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of geraniol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Geraniol is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. beta-Geraniol is found in almond. beta-Geraniol is found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. beta-Geraniol is a flavouring agent. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type). It also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. It has a rose-like odor and is commonly used in perfumes. It is used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. It is the isomer of nerol. (Wikipedia) beta-Geraniol belongs to the family of Monoterpenes. These are compounds contaning a chain of two isoprene units. Geraniol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Coriander Oil (part of); Java citronella oil (part of). beta-Geraniol, also known as (E)-nerol, the isomer of nerol (or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. This could make beta-geraniol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is found in as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. Geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. Flavouring agent A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].
alpha-Humulene
alpha-Humulene, also known as alpha-caryophyllene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, alpha-humulene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Humulene is found in allspice. alpha-Humulene is a constituent of many essential oils including hops (Humulus lupulus) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene is the (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. Humulene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caryophyllene (related). α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
Geraniol
Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].
Epi-alpha-amyrin
Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. alpha-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Eupatorium perfoliatum whole (part of) ... View More ... Carissol is found in beverages. Carissol is a constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Carissol is found in beverages and fruits.
gamma-Cadinene
(-)-gamma-cadinene is a member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the isopropyl group is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1R,4aS,8aS enantiomer). It has a role as a metabolite. It is a cadinene, a member of octahydronaphthalenes and a gamma-cadinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-gamma-cadinene. (-)-gamma-Cadinene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the isopropyl group is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1R,4aS,8aS enantiomer). gamma-Cadinene is found in allspice. gamma-Cadinene is a constituent of citronella oil.
p-Menth-1-en-4-ol
p-Menth-1-en-4-ol, also known as terpinen-4-ol, 1-para-menthen-4-ol or p-Menth-1-en-4-ol or 4-carvomenthenol, is an isomer of terpineol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. ±-Terpinene-4-ol is a hydrophobic, largely neutral molecule that is essentially insoluble in water. It has a peppery, spicy, musty, citrus odor and a cooling woody or spicy taste. ±-Terpinene-4-ol is widely used as a flavoring agent and as a masking agent in cosmetics. ±-Terpinene-4-ol is a natural product that can be found in a number of plants, such as allspice, anise, apple, basil, cardamom, cinnamon and Melaleuca alternifolia (also called tea tree) and is the main bioactive component of tea tree oil (PMID 22083482 ). ±-Terpinene-4-ol is also one of the monoterpenes found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Terpinen-4-ol is a potent bactericidal agent that also possess antifungal properties. In particular, it has shown in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans (PMID:27275783 ). It has also been shown that combining this natural substance and conventional drugs may help treat resistant yeast and bacterial infections. Several studies have suggested that terpinen-4-ol induces antitumor effects by selectively causing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in melanoma cell lines, or by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells (PMID:27275783 ). 4-terpineol is a terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a volatile oil component. It is a terpineol and a tertiary alcohol. Terpinen-4-ol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01647217 (Demodex Blepharitis Treatment Study). 4-Carvomenthenol is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. Terpinen-4-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Lavender Oil (part of); Juniper Berry Oil (part of); Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Flavouring ingredient. p-Menth-1-en-4-ol is found in many foods, some of which are star anise, spearmint, sweet basil, and black elderberry. A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents[1][2][3]. Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents[1][2][3].
alpha-Terpinene
Alpha-Terpinene is one of four isomers of terpinene (the other three being beta terpinene, gamma terpenine, and delta terpinine or terpimolene) that differ in the position of carbon-carbon double bonds. Alpha-Terpinene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenes. These are monoterpenes with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. p-Menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpinene is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in allspice, cardamom, and marjoram. alpha-Terpinene is a constituent of many essential oils with oil from Litsea ceylanica being is a major source (20\\\\%) of it. alpha-Terpinene has been found in Citrus, Eucalyptus and Juniperus species, and cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). ±-Terpinene is a flavouring agent and is produced industrially by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of ±-pinene. It has perfume and flavoring properties but is mainly used to confer a pleasant odor to industrial fluids. Alpha-terpinene is one of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (beta- and gamma-terpinene being the others). In alpha-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 3-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpene and a cyclohexadiene. alpha-Terpinene is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (beta- and gamma-terpinene being the others). In alpha-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 3-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. Alpha-terpinene, also known as 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene or 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene, is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, alpha-terpinene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-terpinene is a camphoraceous, citrus, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as summer savory, cabbage, pot marjoram, and wild celery, which makes alpha-terpinene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-terpinene can be found primarily in saliva. Alpha-terpinene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4]. α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4].
gamma-Terpinene
Gamma-terpinene is one of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a monoterpene and a cyclohexadiene. gamma-Terpinene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. The terpinenes are three isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as terpenes. Gamma-terpinene is one these three isomeric hydrocarbons. It is natural and has been isolated from a variety of plant sources (Wikipedia). It is a major component of essential oils made from Citrus Fruits and has strong antioxidant activity. It has a lemon odor and widely used in food, flavours, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tabacco, confectionery and perfume industries (http://www.gyanflavoursexport.com). See also: Lemon oil, cold pressed (part of); Coriander Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of). Gamma-terpinene is one of four isomeric monoterpenes (the other three being alpha terpinene, beta terpinene and delta terpinene). It is a naturally occurring terpinene and has been isolated from a variety of plant sources. It has the highest boiling point of the four known terpinene isomers. It is a major component of essential oils made from citrus fruits and has a strong antioxidant activity. It has a lemon-like or lime-like odor and is widely used in food, flavours, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tabacco, confectionery and perfume industries (http://www.gyanflavoursexport.com). The other isomers of gamma-terpinene, such as alpha-terpinene and delta-terpinene, have been isolated from cardamom and marjoram oils while beta terpinene appears to have no natural source. One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. Constituent of many essential oils e.g. Citrus, Eucalyptus, Mentha, Pinus subspecies Ajowan seed oil (Carum copticum) is a major source γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1]. γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1].
(+)-alpha-Pinene
alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (+)-alpha-pinene is the (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-alpha-pinene. (+)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Juniperus drupacea, Eucalyptus deglupta, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
Isorhamnetin
Isorhamnetin is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. However, it is found in human plasma as conjugates with glucuronic acid, sulfate or methyl groups, with no significant amounts of free quercetin present. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to its in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells. (PMID: 15493462, 17368593, 17374653, 16963021). Isorhamnetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an anticoagulant and a metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of an isorhamnetin(1-). Isorhamnetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Strychnos pseudoquina, and other organisms with data available. Isorhamnetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Widespread flavonol found especially in bee pollen, chives, corn poppy leaves, garden cress, fennel, hartwort, red onions, pears, dillweed, parsley and tarragon. Isorhamnetin is found in many foods, some of which are italian sweet red pepper, carrot, yellow wax bean, and lemon balm. A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.
Syringic acid
Syringic acid, also known as syringate or cedar acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gallic acid and derivatives. Gallic acid and derivatives are compounds containing a 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid moiety. Outside of the human body, Syringic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common walnuts, swiss chards, and olives and in a lower concentration in apples, tarragons, and peanuts. Syringic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as sweet marjorams, silver lindens, bulgurs, annual wild rices, and barley. This could make syringic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Syringic acid is correlated with high antioxidant activity and inhibition of LDL oxidation. Research suggests that phenolics from wine may play a positive role against oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is a key step in the development of atherosclerosis. Syringic acid is a phenol present in some distilled alcohol beverages. It is also a product of microbial (gut) metabolism of anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have been consumed (in fruits and alcoholic beverages - PMID:18767860). Syringic acid is also a microbial metabolite that can be found in Bifidobacterium (PMID:24958563). Syringic acid is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate. Syringic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Pittosporum illicioides, and other organisms with data available. Syringic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Present in various plants free and combined, e.g. principal phenolic constituent of soyabean meal (Glycine max) A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents KEIO_ID S018 Syringic acid is correlated with high antioxidant activity and inhibition of LDL oxidation. Syringic acid is correlated with high antioxidant activity and inhibition of LDL oxidation.
Oleic acid
Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid is a doubly unsaturated fatty acid, also known as an omega-6 fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. In this particular polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the first double bond is located between the sixth and seventh carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-6). Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition because it cannot be synthesized by humans. It is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (via arachidonic acid) and cell membranes (From Stedman, 26th ed). Linoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3. Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n-6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid.[5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.[2] It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride (ester of glycerin) rather than as a free fatty acid.[6] It is one of two essential fatty acids for humans, who must obtain it through their diet,[7] and the most essential, because the body uses it as a base to make the others. The word "linoleic" derives from Latin linum 'flax', and oleum 'oil', reflecting the fact that it was first isolated from linseed oil.
(+)-Camphor
Camphor, also known as (+)-camphor or (+)-bornan-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Camphor is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, camphor is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). Camphor is a waxy, flammable, white or transparent solid with a strong aroma. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C10H16O. It is found in many plants, such as in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra and Borneo islands, Indonesia) and also of the unrelated Kapur tree, a tall timber tree from the same region. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis and in the oil in rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis). The mint family contains 10 to 20\\\\\\\\% camphor, while camphorweed (Heterotheca) only contains some 5\\\\\\\\%. Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil) (Wikipedia). (R)-camphor is the (R)- enantiomer of camphor. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-camphor. Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially Cinnamomum camphora. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. When ingested, camphor has a rapid onset of toxic effects, and camphorated oil is the product most often responsible for its toxicity. The FDA ruled that camphorated oil could not be marketed in the United States and that no product could contain a concentration higher than 11\\\\\\\\%. It appears in the list of drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for safety or effectiveness. However, camphor can be found in several nonprescription medications at lower concentrations. D-Camphor is a natural product found in Chromolaena odorata, Curcuma amada, and other organisms with data available. See also: Coriander Oil (part of). C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. (+)-Camphor is a food additive used medicinally as a preservative. (+)-Camphor is a food additive used medicinally as a preservative. (+)-Camphor is a food additive used medicinally as a preservative. (+)-Camphor is a food additive used medicinally as a preservative. Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2]. Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2].
Eugenol
Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992) Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as an allergen, a human blood serum metabolite, a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an anaesthetic, an analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a phenylpropanoid, a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and an alkenylbenzene. It is functionally related to a guaiacol. Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule found in several plants such as cinnamon, clove, and bay leaves. It has been used as a topical antiseptic as a counter-irritant and in dental preparations with zinc oxide for root canal sealing and pain control. Although not currently available in any FDA-approved products (including OTC), eugenol has been found to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antipyretic, antioxidant, antifungal and analgesic properties. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, however, it has been shown to interfere with action potential conduction. There are a number of unapproved OTC products available containing eugenol that advertise its use for the treatment of toothache. Eugenol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Eugenol, also called clove oil, is an aromatic oil extracted from cloves that is used widely as a flavoring for foods and teas and as an herbal oil used topically to treat toothache and more rarely to be taken orally to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory complaints. Eugenol in therapeutic doses has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury, but ingestions of high doses, as with an overdose, can cause severe liver injury. Eugenol is a natural product found in Dahlia sherffii, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. Eugenol is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cinnamate derivative of the shikimate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Clove Oil (part of); Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of) ... View More ... Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. It is a key ingredient in Indonesian kretek (clove) cigarettes. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from phenol or from lignin. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Eugenol has a very widespread occurrence in essential oils. Major component of clove oil. Also found in citrus and thyme oils. It is found in foods such as apple, apricot, banana and cherry fruits. Eugenol or 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol is classified as a phenylpropanoid, formally derived from guaiacol, with an allyl chain positioned para to the hydroxy group. It is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether and oils. Eugenol is a neutral compound. It is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Eugenol is widely distributed in plants. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor with a spicy pungent taste. Eugenol is found in highest concentrations in cloves, allspices, and carrots and in lower concentrations in walnuts, ceylon cinnamons, and wild carrots. Eugenol has also been detected in shea tree, passion fruits, winged beans, fireweeds, and gingers, making it a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings and essential oils. It was first used for the manufacture of vanillin (https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p776), though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture. Eugenol is hepatotoxic, meaning it may cause damage to the liver, if consumed in high doses. Eugenol has local antiseptic and anaesthetic properties (PMID:15089054 ; PMID:935250 ) and acts as positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor. It has high antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities with potential roles in alleviating and preventing cancer and inflammatory reactions (PMID:27771920 ). A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_10eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_20eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_40eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_50eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_30eV_CB000079.txt Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Geranial
Geranial, also known as 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, citral or lemonal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Thus, citral is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid. Two different isomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal exist. The E-isomer or trans-isomer is known as geranial or citral A. The Z-isomer or cis-isomer is known as neral or citral B. 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Citral is present in the oils of several plants, including lemon myrtle (90-98\\\\%), Litsea citrata (90\\\\%), Litsea cubeba, lemongrass (65-80\\\\%), lemon tea-tree (70-80\\\\%), Ocimum gratissimum, Lindera citriodora, Calypranthes parriculata, petitgrain, lemon verbena, lemon ironbark, lemon balm, lime, lemon and orange. Citral has also been reported to be found in Cannabis sativa (PMID:6991645 , 26657499 ). Citral has a strong lemon (citrus) odor. Nerals lemon odor is less intense, but sweeter. Citral is therefore an aroma compound used in perfumery for its citrus effect. Citral is also used as a flavor and for fortifying lemon oil. It has strong antimicrobial qualities (PMID:28974979 ) and pheromonal effects in nematodes and insects (PMID:26973536 ). Citral is used in the synthesis of vitamin A, lycopene, ionone, and methylionone (a compound used to mask the smell of smoke). Occurs in lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citratus), lemon, orange and many other essential oils; flavouring ingredient. Geranial is found in many foods, some of which are watermelon, nutmeg, cloud ear fungus, and yellow wax bean. Citral is a monoterpene found in Cymbopogon citratus essential oil, with antihyperalgesic, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Citral is a monoterpene found in Cymbopogon citratus essential oil, with antihyperalgesic, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Matairesinol
Matairesinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 3,4-dibenzyloxolan-2-one moiety. Matairesinol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, matairesinol is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods such as sesame, burdocks, and flaxseeds, and in a lower concentration in oats, asparagus, and poppies. Matairesinol has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as silver lindens, tamarinds, cherry tomato, skunk currants, and fireweeds. This could make matairesinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Matairesinol is composed of gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). (-)-matairesinol is a lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). It has a role as a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor and an anti-asthmatic agent. It is a polyphenol, a lignan and a gamma-lactone. Matairesinol is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa fruit (part of); Pumpkin Seed (part of). Matairesinol is a plant lignan. It occurs with secoisolariciresinol in numerous foods such as oil seeds, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. (-)-Matairesinol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, pecan nut, cereals and cereal products, and longan. A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1]. Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1].
Octanol
1-Octanol, also known as octan-1-ol, is the organic compound with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7OH. It is a fatty alcohol. Many other isomers are also known generically as octanols. Octanol is mainly produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis. Octanol also occurs naturally in the form of esters in some essential oils. Octanol and water are immiscible. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient (logP) of that molecule. Water/octanol partitioning is a good approximation of the partitioning between the cytosol and lipid membranes of living systems. Octanol is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. It is also one of many compounds derived from tobacco and tobacco smoke and shown to increase the permeability of the membranes of human lung fibroblasts (PMID 7466833). Occurs in the form of esters in some essential oils. Flavouring agent. 1-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, lime, tea, and corn. D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].
Cyanidin 3-glucoside
[C21H21O11]+ (449.10838160000003)
Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes
Nevadensin
Nevadensin, also known as pedunculin or 5,7-hydroxy-4,6,8-trimethoxyflavone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 8-o-methylated flavonoids. 8-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C8 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, nevadensin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Nevadensin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Nevadensin can be found in peppermint and sweet basil, which makes nevadensin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, also known as methylchavicol or estragol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is a sweet, alcohol, and anise tasting compound. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, fennels, and sweet basils and in a lower concentration in cumins, tarragons, and parsley. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as citrus, chinese cinnamons, caraway, fats and oils, and cloves. This could make 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, with regard to humans, has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Constituent of many essential oils. Found in apple, bilberry and orange fruits and juices. Flavouring agent. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2]. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2].
Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether
Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]
alpha-Copaene
alpha-Copaene, also known as aglaiene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. alpha-Copaene is possibly neutral. alpha-Copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound that can be found in several food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savoury, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. alpha-Copaene can be found in feces and saliva. Alpha-copaene, also known as copaene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savory, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-copaene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene is a natural product found in Pinus sylvestris var. hamata, Asarum gusk, and other organisms with data available.
Camphene
Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Camphene is nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It exists as a flammable, white solid that has a minty, citrus, eucalyptus odor. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and in food additives for flavouring. In the mid-19th century it was used as a fuel for lamps, but this was limited by its explosiveness. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. Camphene can be found in a number of food items such as dill, carrots, caraway, hyssop, lemon, orange, nutmeg seed, parsley, sage, thyme, turmeric and fennel, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. Camphene is one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Camphene is a camphor, fir needle, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as cardamom, yellow bell pepper, common thyme, and coriander, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Camphene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Camphene is a bicyclic monoterpene. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. Its mid-19th century use as a fuel for lamps was limited by its explosiveness .
Isovaleraldehyde
Iso-Valeraldehyde, also known as isoamyl aldehyde or 3-methyl-butanal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. Iso-Valeraldehyde exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Iso-Valeraldehyde is an aldehydic, chocolate, and ethereal tasting compound. Iso-Valeraldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), beers, and taco and in a lower concentration in kohlrabis, corns, and tortilla. Iso-Valeraldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as muskmelons, highbush blueberries, fenugreeks, hazelnuts, and dills. This could make iso-valeraldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. Iso-Valeraldehyde, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohns disease, perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment, and hepatic encephalopathy; iso-valeraldehyde has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Occurs in orange, bergamot, lemon, sandalwood, citronella, peppermint, eucalyptus and other oilsand is also in apple, grape, peach cider, vinegar, wines, wheatbreads, scallops and ginger
p-Cymene
Cymene, or p-cymene also known as p-cymol or isopropyltoluene, is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound. It is classified as a hydrocarbon related to a monoterpene. Its structure consists of a benzene ring para-substituted with a methyl group and an isopropyl group. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with ethanol and ether. Cymene is a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly the oil of cumin and thyme. There are two less common geometric isomers. o-Cymene, in which the alkyl groups are ortho-substituted, and m-cymene, in which they are meta-substituted. p-Cymene is the only natural isomer. Cymene is a common ligand for ruthenium. V. widely distributed in plant oils e.g. terpentine and citrus oils and many others. It is used in flavour industries. 1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene is found in many foods, some of which are green bell pepper, lemon balm, saffron, and sweet basil.
Terpinolene
Terpinolene (TPO), also known as alpha-terpinolene or isoterpinene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, terpinolene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Terpinolene is a very hydrophobic monoterpenoid, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes in plants is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Terpinolene is one of the constituents of turpentine and an isomer of terpinene. It appears colourless to pale yellow liquid. Alpha-terpinolene has been identified as an abundant monoterpene in the essential oil of Cannabis sativa plants (PMID:6991645 ). There are more than 140 known terpenes in cannabis and the combination of these terepenoids produces the skunky, fruity odor characteristic of C. savita. Although common in cannabis cultivars, terpinolene is typically found in relatively low amounts. On the other hand, the concentration of terpinolene can be has high as 30\\% of the essential oil. It is thought that terpinolene offers a mildly sedative effect and can reduce anxiety (PMID:28826544 ). In particular, terpinolene is a central nervous system depressant that has been shown to induce drowsiness (PMID:23339024 ). Terpinolene has been demonstrated to prevent LDL oxidation and is of potential interest in the treatment of atherogenesis and coronary artery disease (PMID:28826544 ). Terpinolene exhibits antifungal and larvicidal properties (PMID:28826544 ). Terpinolene is also an effective anti-microbial agent, particularly against E coli and Staphylococcus bacteria (PMID:16402540 ). Terpinolene is also employed as a fragrence ingredient in lotions, insect repellents (similar to other terpenes), perfumes, and soaps. Terpinolene is also a constituent of many other essential oils e. g. Citrus, Mentha, Juniperus, Myristica species. Parsnip oil (Pastinaca sativa) in particular, is a major source (40-70\\%). Terpinolene is a sweet, citrus, and fresh tasting compound. It produces a floral, woody or herbal aroma reminiscent of pine needles. In addition to being found in various plant essential oils, terpinolene is found in a few different foods and spices, such as allspice, apples, sage, rosemary, parsnips, nutmegs, and wild carrots and in a lower concentration in sweet bay, star anises, turmerics, apricots, cumins, evergreen blackberries, red bell peppers, and caraway. Constituent of many essential oils e.g. Citrus, Mentha, Juniperus, Myristica subspecies Parsnip oil (Pastinaca sativa) is a major source (40-70\\%). Flavouring ingredient. Terpinolene is found in many foods, some of which are coriander, ceylon cinnamon, pine nut, and caraway.
beta-Cadinene
beta-Cadinene is found in common oregano. beta-Cadinene is a constituent of Pinus caribaea. Mixed cadinene isomers, with b-cadinene usually predominating, occur in several essential oils, especially ylang-ylang, citronella and cade oil from Juniper species Cadinene isomers are used as a flavouring agent and/or flavour modifier.
Hexanal
Hexanal is an alkyl aldehyde found in human biofluids. Human milk samples collected from women contains hexanal. Among mediators of oxidative stress, highly reactive secondary aldehydic lipid peroxidation products can initiate the processes of spontaneous mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and can also act as a growth-regulating factors and signaling molecules. In specimens obtained from adult patients with brain astrocytomas, lower levels of n-hexanal are associated with poorer patient prognosis. Hexanal has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821). Hexanal is a volatile compound that has been associated with the development of undesirable flavours. The content of hexanal, which is a major breakdown product of linoleic acid (LA, n - 6 PUFA) oxidation, has been used to follow the course of lipid oxidation and off-flavour development in foods, and have been proposed as one potential marker of milk quality. A "cardboard-like" off-flavour is frequently associated with dehydrated milk products. This effect is highly correlated with the headspace concentration of hexanal. (Food Chemistry. Volume 107, Issue 1, 1 March 2008, Pages 558-569, PMID:17934948, 17487452). Constituent of many foodstuffs. A production of aerobic enzymatic transformations of plant constits. It is used in fruit flavours and in perfumery D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
(+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene
Constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in many foods, some of which are common pea, asparagus, sweet potato, and dill. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in allspice. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag
beta-Caryophyllene
beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
alpha-Cedrene
Alpha-cedrene, also known as (-)-α-cedrene or beta-cedrene, is a member of the class of compounds known as cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids. Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiternoids with a structure based on the cedrane or the isocedrane skeleton. Cedrane is a tricyclic molecules a 3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methano-azulene moiety. Isocedrane is a rearranged cedrane arising from the migration of methyl group moved from the 6-position to the 4-position. Thus, alpha-cedrene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-cedrene is a sweet, cedar, and fresh tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as tarragon, peppermint, wild celery, and common sage, which makes alpha-cedrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-cedrene can be found primarily in urine. alpha-Cedrene alpha-Cedrene is one of the two isomers of cedrene. Cedrene is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of cedar. There are two isomers of cedrene, (-)-alpha-cedrene and (+)-beta-cedrene, which differ in the position of a double bond (Wikipedia) (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1].
alpha-Cubebene
alpha-Cubebene is found in cloves. alpha-Cubebene is a constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba).
beta-Cubebene
Beta-cubebene, also known as (-)-B-cubebene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Beta-cubebene is a citrus and fruity tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet basil, roman camomile, pot marjoram, and sweet bay, which makes beta-cubebene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-cubebene can be found primarily in saliva. Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached – the "tails" in "tailed pepper". The dried pericarp is wrinkled, and its color ranges from grayish brown to black. The seed is hard, white and oily. The odor of cubebs is described as agreeable and aromatic and the taste as pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent. It has been described as tasting like allspice, or like a cross between allspice and black pepper . beta-Cubebene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.
(-)-Bornyl acetate
(-)-Bornyl acetate is isolated from Blumea balsamifera, Jasonia sp., Salvia fruticosa, carrot, rosemary, sage and lavender oil. (-)-Bornyl acetate is a flavouring agent [CCD]. Isolated from Blumea balsamifera, Jasonia species, Salvia fruticosa, carrot, rosemary, sage and lavender oil. Flavouring agent [CCD] (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1].
fenchone
A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Fenchone is a natural organic compound classified as a monoterpene and a ketone. It is a colorless oily liquid. It has a structure and an odor similar to camphor. Fenchone is a constituent of absinthe and the essential oil of fennel. Fenchone is used as a flavor in foods and in perfumery. Only 2 stereoisomers are possible: D-fenchone (enantiomer 1S,4R is dextrogyre (+)) and L-fenchone (enantiomer 1R,4S is levogyre (-)). Due to the small size of the cycle, the 2 other diastereoisomers (1S4S and 1R4R) are not possible. [Wikipedia]. Fenchone is found in many foods, some of which are ceylon cinnamon, sweet basil, saffron, and dill. (-)-Fenchone, a bicyclic monoterpene, is widely distributed in plants and found in essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare. (-)-Fenchone is oxidized to 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone and 10-hydroxyfenchone derivatives by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes with CYP2A6 playing a more important role than CYP2B6[1]. (-)-Fenchone, a bicyclic monoterpene, is widely distributed in plants and found in essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare. (-)-Fenchone is oxidized to 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone and 10-hydroxyfenchone derivatives by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes with CYP2A6 playing a more important role than CYP2B6[1]. (-)-Fenchone, a bicyclic monoterpene, is widely distributed in plants and found in essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare. (-)-Fenchone is oxidized to 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone and 10-hydroxyfenchone derivatives by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes with CYP2A6 playing a more important role than CYP2B6[1]. (-)-Fenchone, a bicyclic monoterpene, is widely distributed in plants and found in essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare. (-)-Fenchone is oxidized to 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone and 10-hydroxyfenchone derivatives by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes with CYP2A6 playing a more important role than CYP2B6[1].
trans-Ocimene
trans-Ocimene is found in allspice. trans-Ocimene is a constituent of the pheromones of Anastrepha suspensa, Euploea tulliolus koxinga, and Labidus species (CCD). Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha-isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odour and it is used in perfumery. Constituent of the pheromones of Anastrepha suspensa, Euploea tulliolus koxinga and Labidus subspecies [CCD]
alpha-Terpineol
alpha-Terpineol (CAS: 98-55-5) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers of terpineol, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, with the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. Terpineol has a pleasant odour similar to lilac and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavours. alpha-Terpineol is occasionally found as a volatile component in urine. It is a water-soluble component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel, the tea tree oil (TTO). alpha-Terpineol is a likely mediator of the in vitro and in vivo activity of the TTO as an agent that could control C. albicans vaginal infections. Purified alpha-terpineol can suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. alpha-Terpineol is able to impair the growth of human M14 melanoma cells and appear to be more effective on their resistant variants, which express high levels of P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane, overcoming resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis exerted by P-glycoprotein-positive tumour cells (PMID:5556886, 17083732, 11131302, 15009716). Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. (R)-alpha-Terpineol is found in many foods, some of which are mentha (mint), sweet marjoram, lovage, and cardamom. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
Methyleugenol
Methyleugenol, also known as 4-allylveratrole or eugenol methyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dimethoxybenzenes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a monocyclic benzene moiety carrying exactly two methoxy groups. FDA noted the action was despite its continuing stance that this substance does not pose a risk to public health under the conditions of its intended use. Methyleugenol is a sweet, anise, and apricot tasting compound. Methyleugenol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as allspices, tarragons, and sweet bay and in a lower concentration in sweet basils, rosemaries, and hyssops. Methyleugenol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as soy beans, evergreen blackberries, muskmelons, citrus, and pomes. This could make methyleugenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. As of October 2018, the US FDA withdrew authorization for the use of methyl eugenol as a synthetic flavoring substance for use in food because petitioners provided data demonstrating that these additives induce cancer in laboratory animals. Methyleugenol is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Methyl eugenol (allylveratrol) is a natural chemical compound classified as a phenylpropene, a type of phenylpropanoid. It is the methyl ether of eugenol and is important to insect behavior and pollination. Their ability to attract insects, particularly Bactrocera fruit flies was first noticed in 1915 by F. M. Howlett. The compound may have evolved in response to pathogens, as methyl eugenol has some antifungal activity. Methyl eugenol is found in a number of plants (over 450 species from 80 families including both angiosperm and gymnosperm families) and has a role in attracting pollinators. About 350 plant species have them as a component of floral fragrance. Methyleugenol is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a spicy earthy odor. Bitter burning taste. (NTP, 1992) O-methyleugenol is a phenylpropanoid. It is functionally related to a eugenol. Methyleugenol is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Methyleugenol is a yellowish, oily, naturally occurring liquid with a clove-like aroma and is present in many essential oils. Methyleugenol is used as a flavoring agent, as a fragrance and as an anesthetic in rodents. Methyleugenol is mutagenic in animals and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. (NCI05) Methyleugenol is found in allspice. Methyleugenol is present in many essential oils, e.g. nutmeg, mace and also many fruits, e.g. apple, banana, orange juice or peel, grapefruit, bilberryMethyleugenol has been shown to exhibit anti-nociceptive function (A7914).Methyleugenol belongs to the family of Anisoles. These are organic compounds contaiing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. Present in many essential oils, e.g. nutmeg, mace and also many fruits, e.g. apple, banana, orange juice or peel, grapefruit, bilberry. Methyleugenol is found in many foods, some of which are wild carrot, sweet basil, citrus, and fruits. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Methyl Eugenol, a phenylpropanoid chemical in leaves, fruits, stems, and/or roots, may be released when that corresponding part of a plant is damaged as a result of feeding by an herbivore. Methyl Eugenol is used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly[1]. Methyl Eugenol is a bait that has oral activity against oriental fruit fly (Hendel).Methyl Eugenol has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl Eugenol can induce Autophagy in cells. Methyl Eugenol can be used in the study of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury[1][2][3]. Methyl Eugenol, a phenylpropanoid chemical in leaves, fruits, stems, and/or roots, may be released when that corresponding part of a plant is damaged as a result of feeding by an herbivore. Methyl Eugenol is used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly[1].
beta-Ionone
Beta-ionone is a colorless to light yellow liquid with an odor of cedar wood. In very dilute alcoholic solution the odor resembles odor of violets. Used in perfumery. Beta-ionone is an ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as an antioxidant and a fragrance. beta-Ionone is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. beta-Ionone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. beta-Ionone, also known as (e)-b-ionone or trans-beta-ionone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Found in many essential oils including oil of Boronia megastigma (brown boronia) and coml. ionone. Flavouring agent An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Xanthomicrol
Isolated from Citrus sudachi, Mentha piperita, Sideritis subspecies and Thymus subspecies Xanthomicrol is found in many foods, some of which are citrus, herbs and spices, sweet basil, and winter savory. low.
Gardenin B
Gardenin b, also known as demethyltangeretin or 5-hydroxy-4,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 8-o-methylated flavonoids. 8-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C8 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, gardenin b is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Gardenin b is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gardenin b can be found in mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), peppermint, sweet basil, and winter savory, which makes gardenin b a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1]. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1].
Germacrene D
Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
alpha-Bergamotene
Constituent of oils of carrot (Daucus carota), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), also lime (Citrus aurantifolia), citron (Citrus medica) and cottonseed oil (Gossypium hirsutum). alpha-Bergamotene is found in many foods, some of which are fats and oils, sweet basil, sweet orange, and lemon. alpha-Bergamotene is found in carrot. alpha-Bergamotene is a constituent of oils of carrot (Daucus carota), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), also lime (Citrus aurantifolia), citron (Citrus medica) and cottonseed oil (Gossypium hirsutum).
alpha-Guaiene
Constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti). alpha-Guaiene is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, sweet basil, burdock, and pepper (spice). alpha-Guaiene is found in burdock. alpha-Guaiene is a constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti)
Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid, also known as (Z)-cinnamate or 3-phenyl-acrylate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cinnamic acids. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. Cinnamic acid can be obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. Cinnamic acid is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Cinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Outside of the human body, cinnamic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, chinese cinnamons. In plants, cinnamic acid is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of myriad natural products include lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3778; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3776 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 191; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3783; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3781 Cinnamic acid is a white crystalline hydroxycinnamic acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. cis-Cinnamic acid is found in chinese cinnamon. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 183 Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].
(S)-Carvone
Carvone, with R and S isomers, also known as carvol or limonen-6-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. p-Menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m-menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Carvone is a neutral compound. Carvone is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many essential oils but is most abundant in the oils from caraway seeds (Carum carvi), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill (PMID:27427817). Carvone is occasionally found as a component of biological fluids in normal individuals. Both carvones (R, S) are used in the food and flavor industry (http//doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.003). R-carvone is also used in air freshening products and in essential oils used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. Caraway was used for medicinal purposes by the ancient Romans, but carvone was probably not isolated as a pure compound until Varrentrapp obtained it in 1841 (PMID:5556886 , 2477620 ). Carvone may help in the management of diseases (PMID:30374904) and had been considered as an adjuvant for treatment of cancer patients (PMID:30087792) and patients with epilepsy (PMID:31239862). It also has been successfully used as a biopesticide (PMID:30250476). D-carvone appears as pale yellow or colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992) (+)-carvone is a carvone having (S) configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-carvone. d-Carvone is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caraway Oil (part of). A carvone having (S) configuration.
cis-Citral
Neral, also known as cis-citral or citral b, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. Acyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Thus, neral is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Neral is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Neral is a sweet, citral, and lemon tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as oval-leaf huckleberry, lime, onion-family vegetables, and biscuit, which makes neral a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Neral may refer to: An isomer of Citral Neral, India, a town in Raigad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra Neral railway station A Romulan from Star Trek . cis-Citral, also known as neural or citral B, is the Z-isomer of the terpenoid citral. Citral is found in carrot.
Pinene
Pinene (is a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine resin; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers, as well as in non-coniferous plants. Both isomers are used by many insects in their chemical communication system.
Epimuurolene
Gamma-cadinene, also known as D-G-cadinene or gamma-cadinene, (+)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Gamma-cadinene is a wood tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, lemon balm, sweet orange, and common sage, which makes gamma-cadinene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Gamma-cadinene can be found primarily in saliva. Chemically, the cadinenes are bicyclic sesquiterpenes. The term cadinene has sometimes also been used in a broad sense to refer to any sesquiterpene with the so-called cadalane (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyldecahydronaphthalene) carbon skeleton. Because of the large number of known double-bond and stereochemical isomers, this class of compounds has been subdivided into four subclasses based on the relative stereochemistry at the isopropyl group and the two bridgehead carbon atoms. The name cadinene is now properly used only for the first subclass below, which includes the compounds originally isolated from cade oil. Only one enantiomer of each subclass is depicted, with the understanding that the other enantiomer bears the same subclass name .
β-Pinene
An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.
Widely distributed in plants, usually associated with a-Pinene
(3R,6E)-nerolidol
A (6E)-nerolidol in which the hydroxy group at positon 3 adopts an R-configuration. It is a fertility-related volatile compound secreted by the queens of higher termites from the subfamily Syntermitinae. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].
Cedrelanol
A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that is cadin-4-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 10.
Genkwanin
Genkwanin is a monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a genkwanin(1-). Genkwanin is a natural product found in Odontites viscosus, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.
Lysionotin
Nevadensin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. It is a conjugate acid of a nevadensin-7-olate. Nevadensin is a natural product found in Calanticaria bicolor, Gardenia resinifera, and other organisms with data available. A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
Spathulenol
Spathulenol is a tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an anaesthetic and a vasodilator agent. It is a sesquiterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol and an olefinic compound. Spathulenol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia emarginata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. Spathulenol is found in alcoholic beverages. Spathulenol is a constituent of Salvia sclarea (clary sage).
3-Epioleanolic acid
3-epioleanolic acid is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. 3-Epioleanolic acid is a natural product found in Conandron ramondioides, Gardenia ternifolia, and other organisms with data available. 3-Epioleanolic acid is found in common sage. 3-Epioleanolic acid is isolated from sage Salvia officinalis and other plants. Isolated from sage Salvia officinalis and other plants. 3-Epioleanolic acid is found in common sage. A natural product found in Radermachera boniana. 3-Epioleanolic acid is an active component of Verbena officinalis Linn, with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. 3-Epioleanolic acid is an active component of Verbena officinalis Linn, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Salvigenin
Salvigenin, also known as psathyrotin or 7-O-methylpectolinarigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. 7-O-Methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, salvigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Salvigenin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Salvigenin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rosemaries, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), common sages, sweet basils, and peppermints. This could make salvigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that salvigenin is a product of tetramethylscutellarein metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). Salvigenin, also known as 5-hydroxy-6,7,4-trimethoxyflavone or 7-O-methylpectolinarigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, salvigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Salvigenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Salvigenin can be found in a number of food items such as sweet basil, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), common sage, and peppermint, which makes salvigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Salvigenin is a trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It has a role as an autophagy inducer, an apoptosis inhibitor, an antilipemic drug, an immunomodulator, an antineoplastic agent, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. Salvigenin is a natural product found in Liatris elegans, Achillea santolina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2]. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2].
beta-Damascenone
Beta-damascenone is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group. It has a role as a fragrance, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is an enone, an apo carotenoid monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone. Damascenone is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis labrusca, and other organisms with data available. 1-[2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-2-buten-1-one is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. trans-beta-damascenone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Damascenones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascenones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and ionones. beta-Damascenone is a major contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its very low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery. [Wikipedia] From Rosa damascena and many other sources. 3,5,8-Megastigmatrien-7-one is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, tea, common grape, and green vegetables. A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone.
skrofulein
Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4 respectively. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Cirsimaritin is a natural product found in Achillea santolina, Schoenia cassiniana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of).
2-Ethylfuran
2-Ethylfuran, also known as alpha-ethylfuran or 2-ethyloxole, is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 has been replaced by an ethyl group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fragrance, a Maillard reaction product and a bacterial metabolite. It is a member of furans and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a furan. 2-ethylfuran belongs to the class of organic compounds known as heteroaromatic compounds. Heteroaromatic compounds are compounds containing an aromatic ring where a carbon atom is linked to an hetero atom. 2-Ethylfuran is a sweet, burnt, and earthy tasting compound. 2-Ethylfuran is found, on average, in the highest concentration within kohlrabis. 2-Ethylfuran has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods such as cauliflowers, corns, cereals and cereal products, sweet bay, and sweet basils. Constituent of numerous plant subspecies and cooked foods e.g. chicken, beef, pork liver, coffee, tea, roasted filbert, soybean, rice, oats etc. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Ethylfuran is found in many foods, some of which are roselle, tea, kohlrabi, and sweet basil.
gamma-Muurolene
gamma-Muurolene is found in carrot. gamma-Muurolene is a constituent of Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine).
beta-Bourbonene
beta-Bourbonene is found in cloves. beta-Bourbonene is a flavouring agent.
(-)-Borneol
(-)-Borneol is found in common thyme and in turmeric. (-)-Borneol is a constituent of Blumea balsamifera (sambong). Both Borneol and Isoborneol and their acetates and formates are used as flavouring agents Constituent of Blumea balsamifera (sambong). (-)-Borneol is found in many foods, some of which are tea, coriander, common thyme, and cornmint. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2]. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2].
(1R,4S,5R)-4-Thujanol
(1R,4S,5R)-4-Thujanol is found in herbs and spices. (1R,4S,5R)-4-Thujanol is a constituent of the essential oil of American peppermint and other Mentha species (1R,4S,5R)-4-Thujanol is a flavouring agent Constituent of the essential oil of American peppermint and other Mentha subspecies Flavouring agent. (1R,4S,5R)-4-Thujanol is found in herbs and spices.
delta-Amorphene
1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]. A cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]
beta-Farnesene
A mixture with 1,3,6,10-Farnesatetraene
Linalyl acetate
Linalyl acetate, also known as 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate, is a monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. It is an acetate ester and a monoterpenoid that derives from linalool. Linalyl acetate is isolated from numerous plants and essential oils, e.g. clary sage, lavender, lemon etc., and it is used as a flavouring ingredient. Synthetic linalyl acetate is sometimes used as an adulterant in essential oils to make them more marketable. Isolated from numerous plants and essential oils, e.g. clary sage, lavender, lemon etc. Flavouring ingredient Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1].
cis-Ocimene
Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odor. It is used in perfumery. cis-beta-Ocimene is found in many foods, some of which are cornmint, sweet orange, sweet basil, and common sage. cis-Ocimene is found in allspice. Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odor. It is used in perfumery. (Wikipedia
(S)-p-Menth-1-en-4-ol
(S)-p-Menth-1-en-4-ol occurs in many essential oils, e.g. lavende Occurs in many essential oils, e.g. lavender Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents[1][2][3]. Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents[1][2][3].
1alpha,3beta,22R-Trihydroxyergosta-5,24E-dien-26-oic acid 3-O-b-D-glucoside 26-O-[b-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-6-acetyl-b-D-glucosyl] ester
1alpha,3beta,22R-Trihydroxyergosta-5,24E-dien-26-oic acid 3-O-b-D-glucoside 26-O-[b-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-6-acetyl-b-D-glucosyl] ester is found in fruits. 1alpha,3beta,22R-Trihydroxyergosta-5,24E-dien-26-oic acid 3-O-b-D-glucoside 26-O-[b-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-6-acetyl-b-D-glucosyl] ester is a constituent of Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry).
1-Isopropyl-3-methylbenzene
1-Isopropyl-3-methylbenzene is found in blackcurrant. 1-Isopropyl-3-methylbenzene is present in oil of Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant). Present in oil of Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant). 1-Isopropyl-3-methylbenzene is found in sweet basil, fruits, and blackcurrant.
Octyl acetate
Octyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages. Octyl acetate is present in citrus peel oils, wheat bread, cheddar cheese, wines, banana, sour cherry and other foodstuffs. Octyl acetate is a flavour ingredient Octyl acetate, or octyl ethanoate, is an ester that is formed from octanol (octyl alcohol) and acetic acid. It is the basis for artificial orange flavoring. Present in citrus peel oils, wheat bread, cheddar cheese, wines, banana, sour cherry and other foodstuffs. Flavour ingredient Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1]. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1].
cis-Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. Outside of the human body, caffeic acid has been detected, but not quantified in fats and oils and nuts. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. It occurs at high levels in black chokeberry (141 mg per 100 g) and in fairly high level in lingonberry (6 mg per 100 g). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Found in olive oil, peanuts and other plant sources Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Cedrelanol
Constituent of Juniperus communis (juniper). Cedrelanol is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, sweet basil, lemon balm, and hyssop. Cedrelanol is found in fruits. Cedrelanol is a constituent of Juniperus communis (juniper).
Basilol
Basilol is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Basilol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Basilol can be found in sweet basil, which makes basilol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
D-Camphor
(+)-camphor, also known as formosa camphor or 2-bornanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Thus, (+)-camphor is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule (+)-camphor is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (+)-camphor is a bitter, camphor, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sugar apple, sunflower, fennel, and cardamom, which makes (+)-camphor a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2]. Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2].
Linoleate
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Oleate
COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether
Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, common sages and sweet basils. This could make apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a product of 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction and catalyzed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). 4-methylgenkwanin, also known as apigenin dimethylether or 4,7-dimethylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4-methylgenkwanin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4-methylgenkwanin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-methylgenkwanin can be found in common sage and sweet basil, which makes 4-methylgenkwanin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Apigenin 7,4-dimethyl ether is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Calea jamaicensis, and other organisms with data available. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1] The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.And it also showed inhibition of the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml). IC50:51.64 μg/ml(Candida albicans drug efflux pumps)[2] In vitro: The isolated 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin was further investigated for its inhibitory activity on ABC drug efflux pumps in C. albicans by monitoring an increase in ciprofloxacin, assessing the level of its accumulation, in response to reserpine. There was a higher accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Candida cells in the presence of 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin than with reserpine. The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenine demonstrated the activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.64 μg/ml. These results support those obtained from synergism assays where by the underlying synergistic antifungal mechanisms could be due to blockage of ABC efflux pumps and increasing the susceptibility of Candida to miconazole.[2] In vivo: In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin wasn't evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit acute inflammation.[1]
GardeninB
Gardenin B is a tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a tangeretin. Gardenin B is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1]. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1].
Tormentic_acid
Tormentic acid is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. Tormentic acid is a natural product found in Debregeasia saeneb, Chaenomeles speciosa, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Euscaphis japonica. Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2]. Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2]. Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2].
Gardenin
Gardenin B is a tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a tangeretin. Gardenin B is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1]. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B induces cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases[1].
Perhydrofarnesyl acetone
Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone), a sesquiterpene isolated from Impatiens parviflora, is the major constituents of the essential oil. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone has antibacterial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation activities[1][2]. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone), a sesquiterpene isolated from Impatiens parviflora, is the major constituents of the essential oil. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone has antibacterial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation activities[1][2].
Tormentic acid
Tormentic acid, also known as tormentate, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Tormentic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tormentic acid can be found in loquat and olive, which makes tormentic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tormentic acid is a bio-active isolate of Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria. Tormentic acid derivatives have been synthesized and researched . Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2]. Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2]. Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties[1][2].
alpha-Bergamotene
A sesquiterpene consisting of a bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene skeleton substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 6 by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group.
sitosterol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Odontites viscosus, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one, also known as 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone or acacetin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 4-o-methylated flavonoids. 4-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C4 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one can be synthesized from apigenin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, acacetin-8-C-neohesperidoside, and isoginkgetin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one can be found in ginkgo nuts, orange mint, and winter savory, which makes 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.223 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.225 Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2]. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2].
Apigenin
Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.061 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.062 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.058 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.059 Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.
Luteolin
Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.976 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.975 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.968 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.971 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].
Salvigenin
Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2]. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2].
Eriodictyol
Constituent of the leaves and branches of Phyllanthus emblica (emblic). Eriodictyol 7-(6-coumaroylglucoside) is found in fruits. Annotation level-1 Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM.
Genkwanin
Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities. Genkwanin is a major non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-flammatory activities.
Swartziol
Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
Quercetin
Annotation level-1 COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.898 D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.902 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1981; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3301; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3283; CONFIDENCE confident structure Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Isorhamnetin
Glucoside present in the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Isorhamnetin 3-dirhamnoside is found in fruits. Annotation level-1 Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.
Cinnamic Acid
Trans-cinnamic acid, also known as (2e)-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid or (E)-cinnamate, is a member of the class of compounds known as cinnamic acids. Cinnamic acids are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. Trans-cinnamic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-cinnamic acid is a sweet, balsam, and honey tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as maitake, mustard spinach, common wheat, and barley, which makes trans-cinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Trans-cinnamic acid can be found primarily in saliva. Trans-cinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Trans-cinnamic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CHCHCO2H. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants. It exists as both a cis and a trans isomer, although the latter is more common . Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].
citrol
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1].
Chlorogenic Acid
IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Kaempferol
Annotation level-3 Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.010 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.011 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2141; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3341; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3321; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE confident structure; IPB_RECORD: 3321 IPB_RECORD: 141; CONFIDENCE confident structure Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
Germacrene D
(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).
Lysionotin
Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2]. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) with an IC50 of 2.64 μM. Nevadensin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activities, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive[1][2].
alpha-Cedrene
Alpha-cedrene, also known as (-)-α-cedrene or beta-cedrene, is a member of the class of compounds known as cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids. Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiternoids with a structure based on the cedrane or the isocedrane skeleton. Cedrane is a tricyclic molecules a 3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methano-azulene moiety. Isocedrane is a rearranged cedrane arising from the migration of methyl group moved from the 6-position to the 4-position. Thus, alpha-cedrene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-cedrene is a sweet, cedar, and fresh tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as tarragon, peppermint, wild celery, and common sage, which makes alpha-cedrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-cedrene can be found primarily in urine. Cedr-8-ene is a sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a volatile oil component. It is a sesquiterpene, a bridged compound, a polycyclic olefin and a carbotricyclic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cedrane. alpha-Cedrene is a natural product found in Aloysia gratissima, Widdringtonia whytei, and other organisms with data available. alpha-Cedrene alpha-Cedrene is one of the two isomers of cedrene. Cedrene is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of cedar. There are two isomers of cedrene, (-)-alpha-cedrene and (+)-beta-cedrene, which differ in the position of a double bond (Wikipedia) A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1].
Bornyl_acetate
Bornyl acetate is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. Bornyl acetate is a potent odorant, exhibiting one of the highest flavor dilution factor (FD factor). Bornyl acetate possesses anti-cancer activity[1][2]. Bornyl acetate is a potent odorant, exhibiting one of the highest flavor dilution factor (FD factor). Bornyl acetate possesses anti-cancer activity[1][2].
Octyl acetate
The acetate ester of octan-1-ol. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1]. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1].
Fitone
Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone is a ketone. 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one is a natural product found in Thymus zygioides, Tilia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone), a sesquiterpene isolated from Impatiens parviflora, is the major constituents of the essential oil. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone has antibacterial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation activities[1][2]. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone), a sesquiterpene isolated from Impatiens parviflora, is the major constituents of the essential oil. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone has antibacterial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation activities[1][2].
1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, also known as methylchavicol or estragol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is a sweet, alcohol, and anise tasting compound. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, fennels, and sweet basils and in a lower concentration in cumins, tarragons, and parsley. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as citrus, chinese cinnamons, caraway, fats and oils, and cloves. This could make 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, with regard to humans, has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Estragole is a colorless liquid with odor of anise. Insoluble in water. Isolated from rind of persea gratissima grath. and from oil of estragon. Found in oils of Russian anise, basil, fennel turpentine, tarragon oil, anise bark oil. (NTP, 1992) Estragole is a phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an insect attractant, a plant metabolite, a genotoxin and a carcinogenic agent. It is an alkenylbenzene, a monomethoxybenzene and a phenylpropanoid. It is functionally related to a chavicol. Estragole is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Chaerophyllum macrospermum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Constituent of many essential oils. Found in apple, bilberry and orange fruits and juices. Flavouring agent. A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2]. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2].
Terpenol
Alpha-terpineol is a terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. alpha-TERPINEOL is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propanol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Coriander Oil (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Peumus boldus leaf (part of). A terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
Linalyl acetate
Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Citronellol
Citronellol is a monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Citronellol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Java citronella oil (part of). A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].
Caffeate
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID C107 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00007.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00006.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00002.jpg 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.
Caffeic Acid
A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, also known as caffeic acid or trans-caffeate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid can be found in fats and oils and nuts, which makes 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of plant biomass and its residues . Caffeic acid is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food. (PMID:16870009) [HMDB]. Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, coriander, common persimmon, and irish moss. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 167 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.403 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Hesperetin
Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.958 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.957 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.955 (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin regulates apoptosis.
Esculetin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.434 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.428 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.430 Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1]. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities[1].
Secoisolariciresinol
Annotation level-1 D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.816 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.813 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.806 Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.
Matairesinol
Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 17 INTERNAL_ID 17; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.920 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.921 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.910 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.909 Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1]. Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1].
ferulate
Ferulic acid, also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Ferulic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ferulic acid can be found in a number of food items such as flaxseed, pepper (c. chinense), chinese cinnamon, and wakame, which makes ferulic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ferulic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and stratum corneum tissues. Ferulic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a type of organic compound. It is an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded as side chains to molecules such as arabinoxylans. As a component of lignin, ferulic acid is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds. The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis) . D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
Ferulic acid
(E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
Sabinene
Sabinene is a thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Black pepper allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Laurus nobilis allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Nutmeg allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing. Sabinene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Carrot Seed Oil is the oil extracted from the seeds of Daucus carota. Carrot seed oil is primarily used in skin treatment preparations. A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. 4(10)-thujene, also known as sabinen or 1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. 4(10)-thujene is a citrus, pepper, and pine tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet orange, green bell pepper, pot marjoram, and parsley, which makes 4(10)-thujene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Sabinene is an naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels. Sabinene is also an orally active compound to attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy and regulates ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways[1][2]. Sabinene is an naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels. Sabinene is also an orally active compound to attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy and regulates ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways[1][2].
Vanillic Acid
Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].
Oleic acid
An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-80-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 112-80-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Betulin
Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line.
Thymol
Thymol, also known as 1-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-isopropylbenzene or 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, is a member of the class of compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. Aromatic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Thus, thymol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Thymol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Thymol can be synthesized from p-cymene. Thymol can also be synthesized into thymol sulfate and thymol sulfate(1-). Thymol is a camphor, herbal, and medicinal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as anise, common oregano, caraway, and highbush blueberry, which makes thymol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Thymol can be found primarily in saliva and urine, as well as in human liver and skeletal muscle tissues. Thymol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1]. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1].
nerol
Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].
Caproaldehyde
A saturated fatty aldehyde that is hexane in which one of the terminal methyl group has been mono-oxygenated to form the corresponding aldehyde. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Isovaleraldehyde
A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives.
Octanol
D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].
Eugenol
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
FA 18:3
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
caryophyllene
A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
beta-Bourbonene
Flavouring agent. beta-Bourbonene is found in many foods, some of which are rosemary, common oregano, sweet basil, and winter savory.
Asahina
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. (±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes[1]. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.
Damascenone
Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone.
borneol
Flavouring agent. (±)-Borneol is found in many foods, some of which are pot marjoram, pepper (spice), saffron, and german camomile. Constituent of Curcuma aromatica and other plants. (+)-Borneol is found in nutmeg, herbs and spices, and ginger. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2]. Isoborneol ((±)-Isoborneol) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oils of numerous medicinal plants and has antioxidant and antiviral properties. Isoborneol is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)[1][2].
Cephrol
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].
Epi-Oleanolic Acid
3-Epioleanolic acid is an active component of Verbena officinalis Linn, with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. 3-Epioleanolic acid is an active component of Verbena officinalis Linn, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
g-Cadinene
FEMA 2159
(-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1]. (-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate), isolated from hyssop oil, is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. (-)-Bornyl acetate possesses antifungal activity[1].
FOH 8:0
D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].
FAL 6:0
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
SFE 10:0
A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of octanoic acid with ethanol. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1]. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1].
Neral
An enal that is 3,7-dimethyloctanal with unsaturation at positions C-2 and C-6. It has been isolated form the essential oils of plant species like lemon.
(+)-DELTA-CADINENE
A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).
alpha-Cubebene
A tricyclic sesquiterpene with formula C15H24, isolated from Hungarian thyme, citrus fruit, chamomile, and several other flowering plants. Constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba). alpha-Cubebene is found in many foods, some of which are parsley, ginger, nutmeg, and lemon balm.
beta-Cubebene
A tricyclic sesquiterpene, a constituent of the leaf oil cubebene obtained from a variety of species of flowering plant.
alpha-terpineol
α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
β-Ionone
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Versulin
Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.
Humulene
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
473-15-4
Beta-Eudesmol is a natural oxygenated sesquiterpene, activates hTRPA1, with an EC50 of 32.5 μM. Beta-Eudesmol increases appetite through TRPA1[1]. Beta-Eudesmol is a natural oxygenated sesquiterpene, activates hTRPA1, with an EC50 of 32.5 μM. Beta-Eudesmol increases appetite through TRPA1[1].
Quertin
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Vanillate
Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].
α-Pinene
A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].
AI3-11269
Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1]. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1].
Cognac oil
An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
alpha-Guaiene
A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 and by a (prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 7 (the 1S,4S,7R enantiomer).
Myrcene
Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
Moslene
γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1]. γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1].
93-15-2
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Methyl Eugenol, a phenylpropanoid chemical in leaves, fruits, stems, and/or roots, may be released when that corresponding part of a plant is damaged as a result of feeding by an herbivore. Methyl Eugenol is used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly[1]. Methyl Eugenol is a bait that has oral activity against oriental fruit fly (Hendel).Methyl Eugenol has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl Eugenol can induce Autophagy in cells. Methyl Eugenol can be used in the study of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury[1][2][3]. Methyl Eugenol, a phenylpropanoid chemical in leaves, fruits, stems, and/or roots, may be released when that corresponding part of a plant is damaged as a result of feeding by an herbivore. Methyl Eugenol is used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly[1].