NCBI Taxonomy: 86864

Methyl hexadecanoic acid

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

Methyl hexadecanoate, also known as methyl palmitate or palmitic acid methyl ester, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. Fatty acid methyl esters are compounds containing a fatty acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=fatty aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Thus, methyl hexadecanoate is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Methyl hexadecanoate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Methyl hexadecanoate is a fatty, oily, and waxy tasting compound found in cloves, which makes methyl hexadecanoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Methyl hexadecanoate can be found primarily in saliva. Methyl hexadecanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. These are compounds containing a fatty acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=fatty aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl palmitate is a fatty acid methyl ester. It has a role as a metabolite. Methyl palmitate is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Neolitsea daibuensis. Methyl palmitate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-39-0 (retrieved 2024-07-03) (CAS RN: 112-39-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3]. Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3].

Vanillic acid

C8H8O4 (168.0422568)

Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavouring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odour. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea, and vanilla-flavoured confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Amycolatopsis, Delftia, and Pseudomonas (PMID: 11152072, 10543794, 11728709, 9579070). Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavoring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odor. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea and vanilla-flavored confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity. (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monohydroxybenzoic acid and a methoxybenzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vanillate. Vanillic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. Vanillic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. Vanillic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=121-34-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 121-34-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.3704958)

Lupenone is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupenone is a natural product found in Liatris acidota, Euphorbia larica, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Cupania cinerea. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid

C9H8O3 (164.0473418)

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, also known as p-Coumaric acid, is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. p-coumaric acid is an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acid: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid exists in two forms trans-p-coumaric acid and cis-p-coumaric acid. It is a crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as pepper (Capsicum frutescens), pineapples, and sunflowers and in a lower concentration in spinachs, kiwis, and sweet oranges. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as wild rices, soursops, garden onions, hyssops, and avocado. 4-coumaric acid is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. trans-4-Coumaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of) ... View More ... Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, turmeric, green bell pepper, and common thyme. D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 168 KEIO_ID C024 p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7400-08-0 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 7400-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Capsaicin

C18H27NO3 (305.1990832)

Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin is most often used as a topical analgesic and exists in many formulations of cream, liquid, and patch preparations of various strengths; however, it may also be found in some dietary supplements. Capsaicin is a naturally-occurring botanical irritant in chili peppers, synthetically derived for pharmaceutical formulations. The most recent capsaicin FDA approval was Qutenza, an 8\\\\\\% capsaicin patch dermal-delivery system, indicated for neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum, and Capsicum annuum with data available. Capsaicin is a chili pepper extract with analgesic properties. Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons. Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain. This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins. In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (A7835). An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. See also: Capsicum (part of); Capsicum Oleoresin (active moiety of); Paprika (part of) ... View More ... Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (PMID: 8621114). M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AB - Capsaicin and similar agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic Flavouring ingredient. Pungent principle of various Capsicum subspecies (Solanaceae) D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.208 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.207 Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2].

Protocatechuic acid

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)

Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Azelaic acid

C9H16O4 (188.1048536)

Nonanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a dermatologic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an azelaate(2-) and an azelaate. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also produced by Malassezia furfur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale, which is a species of fungus that is normally found on human skin. Azelaic acid is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. Azelaic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). The physiologic effect of azelaic acid is by means of Decreased Protein Synthesis, and Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity. Azelaic Acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid produced by Malassezia furfur and found in whole grain cereals, rye, barley and animal products. Azelaic acid possesses antibacterial, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-oxidant activity. Azelaic acid is bactericidal against Proprionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis due to its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of microbial cellular proteins. Azelaic acid exerts its keratolytic and comedolytic effects by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum and decreasing the number of keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin in epidermal layers. Azelaic acid also possesses a direct anti-inflammatory effect due to its scavenger activity of free oxygen radical. This drug is used topically to reduce inflammation associated with acne and rosacea. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is a natural substance that is produced by Malassezia furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), a yeast that lives on normal skin. It is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. See also: Azelaic acid; niacinamide (component of) ... View More ... Azelaic acid (AZA) is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH). It possesses a variety of biological actions both in vitro and in vivo. Interest in the biological activity of AZA arose originally out of studies of skin surface lipids and the pathogenesis of hypochromia in pityriasis versicolor infection. Later, it was shown that Pityrosporum can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids to C8-C12 dicarboxylic acids that are cornpetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro. Azelaic acid was chosen for further investigation and development of a new topical drug for treating hyperpigmentary disorders for the following reasons: it possesses a middle-range of antityrosinase activity, is inexpensive, and more soluble to be incorporated into a base cream than other dicarboxylic acids. Azelaic acid is another option for the topical treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. It offers effectiveness similar to that of other agents without the systemic side effects of oral antibiotics or the allergic sensitization of topical benzoyl peroxide and with less irritation than tretinoin. Azelaic acid is less expensive than certain other prescription acne preparations, but it is much more expensive than nonprescription benzoyl peroxide preparations. Whether it is safe and effective when used in combination with other agents is not known. (PMID: 7737781, 8961845). An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. Plants biology In plants, azelaic acid serves as a "distress flare" involved in defense responses after infection.[7] It serves as a signal that induces the accumulation of salicylic acid, an important component of a plant's defensive response.[8] Human biology The mechanism of action in humans is thought to be through the inhibition of hyperactive protease activity that converts cathelicidin into the antimicrobial skin peptide LL-37.[9] Polymers and related materials Esters of this dicarboxylic acid find applications in lubrication and plasticizers. In lubricant industries it is used as a thickening agent in lithium complex grease. With hexamethylenediamine, azelaic acid forms Nylon-6,9, which finds specialized uses as a plastic.[4] Medical Azelaic acid is used to treat mild to moderate acne, both comedonal acne and inflammatory acne.[10][11] It belongs to a class of medication called dicarboxylic acids. It works by killing acne bacteria that infect skin pores. It also decreases the production of keratin, which is a natural substance that promotes the growth[clarification needed] of acne bacteria.[12] Azelaic acid is also used as a topical gel treatment for rosacea, due to its ability to reduce inflammation.[11] It clears the bumps and swelling caused by rosacea. In topical pharmaceutical preparations and scientific research AzA is typically used in concentrations between 15\\\% and 20\\\% but some research demonstrates that in certain vehicle formulations the pharmaceutical effects of 10\\\% Azelaic acid has the potential to be fully comparable to that of some 20\\\% creams.[13] Acne treatment Azelaic acid is effective for mild to moderate acne when applied topically at a 15\\\%-20\\\% concentration.[14][15][16][17] In patients with moderate acne, twice daily application over 3 months of 20\\\% AzA significantly reduced the number of comedones, papules, and pustules;[18][19] at this strength, it’s considered to be as effective as benzoyl peroxide 5\\\%, tretinoin 0.05\\\%, erythromycin 2\\\%, and oral tetracycline at 500 mg-1000 mg.[20][21] In a comparative review of effects of topical AzA, Salicylic acid, Nicotinamide, Sulfur, Zinc, and alpha-hydroxy acid, AzA had more high-quality evidence of effectiveness than the rest.[22] Results can be expected after 4 weeks of twice-daily treatment. The effectiveness of long term use is unclear, but it’s been recommended that AzA be used for at least 6 months continuously for maintenance.[20] Whitening agent Azelaic acid is used for treatment of skin pigmentation, including melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in those with darker skin types. It has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone.[23] As a tyrosinase inhibitor,[5] azelaic acid reduces synthesis of melanin.[24] According to one report in 1988, azelaic acid in combination with zinc sulfate in vitro was found to be a potent (90\\\% inhibition) 5α-reductase inhibitor, similar to the hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride.[25] In vitro research during mid-1980s evaluating azelaic acid's depigmenting (whitening) capability concluded it is effective (cytotoxic to melanocytes) at only high concentrations.[26] A 1996 review claimed 20\\\% AzA is as potent as 4\\\% hydroquinone after a period of application of three months without the latter's adverse effects and even more effective if applied along with tretinoin for the same period of time.[27][19] Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.047736)

Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid. (PMID:17168665). The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C6-C3-C6), composed of a chroman (C6-C3) nucleus (the benzo ring A and the heterocyclic ring C), also shared by the tocopherols, with a phenyl (the aromatic ring B) substitution usually at the 2-position. Different substitutions can typically occur in the rings, A and B. Several plants and spices containing flavonoid derivatives have found application as disease preventive and therapeutic agents in traditional medicine in Asia for thousands of years. The selection of a particular food plant, plant tissue or herb for its potential health benefits appears to mirror its flavonoid composition. The much lower risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers in Asians, who consume more vegetables, fruits and tea than populations in the Western hemisphere do, raises the question of whether flavonoid components mediate the protective effects of diets rich in these foodstuffs by acting as natural chemopreventive and anticancer agents. An impressive body of information exists on the antitumoral action of plant flavonoids. In vitro work has concentrated on the direct and indirect actions of flavonoids on tumor cells, and has found a variety of anticancer effects such as cell growth and kinase activity inhibition, apoptosis induction, suppression of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and of tumor invasive behavior. Furthermore, some studies have reported the impairment of in vivo angiogenesis by dietary flavonoids. Experimental animal studies indicate that certain dietary flavonoids possess antitumoral activity. The hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavones and flavonols, such as luteolin seems to critically influence their activities, especially the inhibition of protein kinase activity and antiproliferation. The different mechanisms underlying the potential anticancer action of plant flavonoids await further elucidation. Certain dietary flavonols and flavones targeting cell surface signal transduction enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and focal adhesion kinases, and the processes of angiogenesis appear to be promising candidates as anticancer agents. Further in vivo studies of these bioactive constituents is deemed necessary in order to develop flavonoid-based anticancer strategies. In view of the increasing interest in the association between dietary flavonoids and cancer initiation and progression, this important field is likely to witness expanded effort and to attract and stimulate further vigorous investigations (PMID:16097445). Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate. Luteolin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis. 5,7,3,4-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. Flavone v. widespread in plant world; found especies in celery, peppermint, rosemary, thyme and Queen Annes Lace leaves (wild carrot). Potential nutriceutical. Luteolin is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, ginger, abalone, and swiss chard. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. IPB_RECORD: 361; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

Nicotinic acid

C6H5NO2 (123.032027)

Nicotinic acid is an odorless white crystalline powder with a feebly acid taste. pH (saturated aqueous solution) 2.7. pH (1.3\\\\\% solution) 3-3.5. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. It has a role as an antidote, an antilipemic drug, a vasodilator agent, a metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid and a pyridine alkaloid. It is a conjugate acid of a nicotinate. Niacin is a B vitamin used to treat vitamin deficiencies as well as hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarctions. Nicotinic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Niacin is a Nicotinic Acid. Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid and vitamin B3, is a water soluble, essential B vitamin that, when given in high doses, is effective in lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and raising high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which makes this agent of unique value in the therapy of dyslipidemia. Niacin can cause mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations and high doses and certain formulations of niacin have been linked to clinically apparent, acute liver injury which can be severe as well as fatal. Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP. These coenzymes play an important role in tissue respiration and in glycogen, lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism. Although the exact mechanism of action by which niacin lowers cholesterol is not fully understood, it may act by inhibiting the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, and reducing the hepatic synthesis of VLDL-C and LDL-C. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan (see below), but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient. A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan, but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient. Nicotinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=59-67-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 59-67-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

codonolactone

C15H20O3 (248.14123700000002)

Atractylenolide III is a naphthofuran. It has a role as a metabolite. Atractylenolide III is a natural product found in Codonopsis canescens, Codonopsis subglobosa, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Atractylodes lancea. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Asterolide

C15H20O2 (232.14632200000003)

Atractylenolide II is a sesquiterpene lactone. Atractylenolide II is a natural product found in Chloranthus henryi, Atractylodes macrocephala, and other organisms with data available. Atractylenolide II is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese); anti-proliferative activity. IC50 value: 82.3 μM(B16 melanoma cell, 48 h) [1] Target: anticancer natural compound in vitro: AT-II treatment for 48 h dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 82.3 μM, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, treatment with 75 μM AT-II induced apoptosis. These observations were associated with the decrease of the expression of Cdk2, phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-ERK and Bcl-2, the increase of the expression of phosphorylated-p38, phosphorylated-p53, p21, p27, and activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of p53, PFTα, significantly decreased AT-II-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis [1]. In B16 and A375 cells, AT-II (20, 40 μm) treatment for 48 h dose-dependently reduced protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3, phospho-Src, as well as STAT3-regulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant of STAT3, STAT3C in A375 cells diminished the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AT-II [2]. in vivo: Daily administration of AT-II (12.5, 25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a B16 xenograft mouse model and inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src in the xenografts [2]. Atractylenolide II is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese); anti-proliferative activity. IC50 value: 82.3 μM(B16 melanoma cell, 48 h) [1] Target: anticancer natural compound in vitro: AT-II treatment for 48 h dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 82.3 μM, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, treatment with 75 μM AT-II induced apoptosis. These observations were associated with the decrease of the expression of Cdk2, phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-ERK and Bcl-2, the increase of the expression of phosphorylated-p38, phosphorylated-p53, p21, p27, and activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of p53, PFTα, significantly decreased AT-II-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis [1]. In B16 and A375 cells, AT-II (20, 40 μm) treatment for 48 h dose-dependently reduced protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3, phospho-Src, as well as STAT3-regulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant of STAT3, STAT3C in A375 cells diminished the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AT-II [2]. in vivo: Daily administration of AT-II (12.5, 25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a B16 xenograft mouse model and inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src in the xenografts [2].

Syringin

C17H24O9 (372.14202539999997)

Syringin is a monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a primary alcohol and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapyl alcohol. Syringin is a natural product found in Salacia chinensis, Codonopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Codonopsis pilosula root (part of). A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2]. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2].

Pinoresinol

C20H22O6 (358.1416312)

Epipinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-(1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a marine metabolite. Epipinoresinol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Abeliophyllum distichum, and other organisms with data available. An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-(1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-configuration. (+)-pinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. Pinoresinol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.907 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.905 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.897 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.895 Pinoresinol is a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. Pinoresinol drastically sensitizes cancer cells against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis[1][2]. Pinoresinol is a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. Pinoresinol drastically sensitizes cancer cells against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis[1][2].

Coniferyl alcohol

C10H12O3 (180.0786402)

Coniferyl alcohol (CAS: 458-35-5), also known as coniferol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Coniferyl alcohol is an organic compound. When copolymerized with related aromatic compounds, coniferyl alcohol forms lignin or lignans. Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of eugenol, stilbenoids, and coumarin. Outside of the human body, coniferyl alcohol has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common sages, chestnuts, cereals and cereal products, gingers, and cashew nuts. This could make coniferyl alcohol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Gum benzoin contains a significant amount of coniferyl alcohol and its esters. Coniferyl alcohol is an organic compound. This colourless crystalline solid is a phytochemical, one of the monolignols. It is synthesized via the phenylpropanoid biochemical pathway. Coniferol is a phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring. It has a role as a monolignol, a mouse metabolite, a pheromone, an animal metabolite, a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. It is a phenylpropanoid and a member of guaiacols. It is functionally related to an (E)-cinnamyl alcohol. Coniferyl alcohol is a natural product found in Asparagus cochinchinensis, Xanthium spinosum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Polignate Sodium (monomer of); Ammonium lignosulfonate (monomer of); Calcium lignosulfonate (50000 MW) (monomer of) ... View More ... Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbene and coumarin. Gum benzoin contains significant amount of coniferyl alcohol and its esters.; Coniferyl alcohol is an organic compound. This colourless crystalline solid is a phytochemical, one of the monolignols. It is synthetized via the phenylpropanoid biochemical pathway. When copolymerized with related aromatic compounds, coniferyl alcohol forms lignin or lignans. [HMDB]. Coniferyl alcohol is found in many foods, some of which are canada blueberry, eggplant, winged bean, and flaxseed. A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring. Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbenoids and coumarin[1]. Coniferyl alcohol specifically inhibits fungal growth[1]. Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbenoids and coumarin[1]. Coniferyl alcohol specifically inhibits fungal growth[1].

Myristic acid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Tetradecanoic acid is an oily white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) Tetradecanoic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetradecanoate. Myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Myristic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Staphisagria macrosperma, and other organisms with data available. Myristic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in palm oil, coconut oil and butter fat. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). Myristic acid is also commonly added to a penultimate nitrogen terminus glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. this is achieved by the myristic acid having a high enough hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell.(wikipedia). myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of). Myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid or C14:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristic acid (its ester is called myristate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 14 carbons; as such, it is a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as an oily white crystalline solid. Myristic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals, and is found in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat, as well as coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Industrially, myristic acid is used to synthesize a variety of flavour compounds and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics (Dorland, 28th ed). Within eukaryotic cells, myristic acid is also commonly conjugated to a penultimate N-terminal glycine residue in receptor-associated kinases to confer membrane localization of these enzymes (a post-translational modification called myristoylation via the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase). Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to allow the myristoylated protein to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Also, this fatty acid is known because it accumulates as fat in the body; however, its consumption also impacts positively on cardiovascular health (see, for example, PMID: 15936650). Myristic acid is named after the scientific name for nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair. Myristic acid, also known as 14 or N-tetradecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, myristic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Myristic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myristic acid can be found in a number of food items such as strawberry, barley, nutmeg, and soy bean, which makes myristic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Myristic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Myristic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, myristic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, myristic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Myristic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Myristic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 1-tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair . A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. Nutmeg butter has 75\\\% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid and a source from which it can be synthesised.[13] Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14\\\% of bovine milk, and 8.6\\\% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats.[9] It is found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root.[14][15] Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

alpha-Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

Alpha-Spinasterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. alpha-Spinasterol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Benincasa hispida, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). Constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. alpha-Spinasterol is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, towel gourd, muskmelon, and green vegetables. alpha-Spinasterol is found in alfalfa. alpha-Spinasterol is a constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

beta-Sitosterol

C29H50O (414.386145)

beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Taraxerol

C30H50O (426.386145)

Taraxerol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. Taraxerol is a natural product found in Diospyros morrisiana, Liatris acidota, and other organisms with data available. See also: Myrica cerifera root bark (part of). Constituent of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion). Taraxerol is found in many foods, some of which are kiwi, scarlet bean, prairie turnip, and grapefruit/pummelo hybrid. Taraxerol is found in alcoholic beverages. Taraxerol is a constituent of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)

Friedelin

C30H50O (426.386145)

Friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Friedelin is a natural product found in Diospyros eriantha, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as pomegranate, sugar apple, apple, and mammee apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

Galactose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

D-galactopyranose is a galactopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a D-galactose and a galactopyranose. D-Galactose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Galactose is a natural product found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and other organisms with data available. An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CE - Tests for liver functional capacity Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society

Fructose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

A D-fructopyranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration. Fructose, a member of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Fructose, along with glucose, occurs in fruits, honey, and syrups; it also occurs in certain vegetables. It is a component, along with glucose, of the disaccharide sucrose, or common table sugar. Phosphate derivatives of fructose (e.g., fructose-1-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate) are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates. D-fructopyranose is a fructopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a fructopyranose, a D-fructose and a cyclic hemiketal. D-Fructose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Fructose is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Colchicum schimperi, and other organisms with data available. A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Fructose is a levorotatory monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose. Although fructose is a hexose (6 carbon sugar), it generally exists as a 5-member hemiketal ring (a furanose). D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

(-)-alpha-Pinene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

(-)-alpha-pinene is an alpha-pinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-pinene. (-)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Thryptomene saxicola, and other organisms with data available. (-)-alpha-Pinene is found in almond. alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (Wikipedia) (-)-alpha-Pinene belongs to the family of Bicyclic Monoterpenes. These are monoterpenes containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). (-)-alpha-Pinene is found in almond. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].

Amyrin

C30H50O (426.386145)

Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

D-Glucuronate

C6H10O7 (194.042651)

Glucuronic acid (CAS: 6556-12-3) is a carboxylic acid that has the structure of a glucose molecule that has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. The salts of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates. Glucuronic acid is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid is often linked to toxic or poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport. These linkages involve O-glycosidic bonds. The process is known as glucuronidation, and the resulting substances are known as glucuronides (or glucuronosides). Glucuronidation uses UDP-glucuronic acid (glucuronic acid linked via a glycosidic bond to uridine diphosphate) as an intermediate. UDP-glucuronic acid is formed in the liver of all animals. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1]. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1].

Glucose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

Glucose, also known as D-glucose or dextrose, is a member of the class of compounds known as hexoses. Hexoses are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moiety. Glucose contains an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In aqueous solution, both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is predominant. Glucose is a neutral, hydrophilic molecule that readily dissolves in water. It exists as a white crystalline powder. Glucose is the primary source of energy for almost all living organisms. As such, it is the most abundant monosaccharide and the most widely used aldohexose in living organisms. When not circulating freely in blood (in animals) or resin (in plants), glucose is stored as a polymer. In plants it is mainly stored as starch and amylopectin and in animals as glycogen. Glucose is produced by plants through the photosynthesis using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide where it is used as an energy and a carbon source Glucose is particularly abundant in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. Foods that are particularly rich in glucose are honey, agave, molasses, apples (2g/100g), grapes (8g/100g), oranges (8.5g/100g), jackfruit, dried apricots, dates (32 g/100g), bananas (5.8 g/100g), grape juice, sweet corn, Glucose is about 75\\\\% as sweet as sucrose and about 50\\\\% as sweet as fructose. Sweetness is detected through the binding of sugars to the T1R3 and T1R2 proteins, to form a G-protein coupled receptor that is the sweetness receptor in mammals. Glucose was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf. It was discovered in grapes by Johann Tobias Lowitz in 1792 and recognized as different from cane sugar (sucrose). Industrially, glucose is mainly used for the production of fructose and in the production of glucose-containing foods. In foods, it is used as a sweetener, humectant, to increase the volume and to create a softer mouthfeel. Various sources of glucose, such as grape juice (for wine) or malt (for beer), are used for fermentation to ethanol during the production of alcoholic beverages. Glucose is found in many plants as glucosides. A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolyzed by purely chemical means or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes. Glucose can be obtained by the hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar (lactose), cane sugar (sucrose), maltose, cellulose, and glycogen. Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose. For most animals, while glucose is normally obtained from the diet, it can also be generated via gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. Gluconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol (which is a part of the triacylglycerol molecule), alanine and glutamine. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CA - Tests for diabetes V - Various > V06 - General nutrients > V06D - Other nutrients > V06DC - Carbohydrates COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 226 KEIO_ID G002 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.

Caprylic acid

C8H16O2 (144.1150236)

Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight-chain fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in coconuts and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste that is minimally soluble in water. Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes (Wikipedia). Caprylic acid can be found in numerous foods such as Prunus (Cherry, Plum), pineapple sages, black raspberries, and shallots. Caprylic acid is found to be associated with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Widespread in plant oils, free and as glyceridesand is also present in apple, banana, orange juice and peel, pineapple, cognac, calamus, blue cheeses, cheddar cheese, Swiss cheese, feta cheese and other cheeses. Flavouring agent, defoamer, lubricant, binder and antimicrobial preservative in cheese wraps KEIO_ID C037 Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

Dodecanoic acid

C12H24O2 (200.1776204)

Dodecanoic acid, also known as dodecanoate or lauric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Dodecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Dodecanoic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. It is a white, powdery solid with a faint odour of bay oil. Dodecanoic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos. Defoamer, lubricant. It is used in fruit coatings. Occurs as glyceride in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Simple esters are flavour ingredients Lauric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=143-07-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 143-07-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

Pentadecanoic acid

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

Pentadecanoic acid, also known as pentadecylic acid or C15:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Pentadecanoic acid (its ester is called pentadecanoate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 15 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. Pentadecanoic acid is found in plants and ruminants. Many "odd" length long-chain fatty acids, such as pentadecanoic acid, are derived from the consumption of cattle fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of pentadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID: 9701185; PMID: 11238766). A fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185; PMID 11238766). Pentadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common bean, coriander, pepper (c. annuum), and hamburger. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248 Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

2-Furoic acid

C5H4O3 (112.0160434)

Furoic acid is a metabolite that appears in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to furfural and is a marker of exposure to this compound. Furfural is a heterocyclic aldehyde that is commonly used as a solvent in industry. It is readily absorbed into the body via the lungs and has significant skin absorption. Furfural is an irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin and is a central nervous system depressant. Furfural as a confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (It has been suggested that is a substance that produces hepatic cirrhosis). Once in the body, furfural is metabolized rapidly via oxidation to the metabolite furoic acid, which is then conjugated with glycine and excreted in the urine in both free and conjugated forms. (PMID: 3751566, 4630229, 12587683). 2-Furoic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of beer. 2-Furancarboxylic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=88-14-2 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 88-14-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2].

Glycoprotein-phospho-D-mannose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

Glycoprotein-phospho-D-mannose, also known as (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal or Mannose homopolymer, is classified as a member of the Hexoses. Hexoses are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Glycoprotein-phospho-D-mannose is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic

Rhamnose

C6H12O5 (164.06847019999998)

Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose. Rhamnose occurs in nature in its L-form as L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose). This is unusual, since most of the naturally occurring sugars are in D-form. Rhamnose is commonly bound to other sugars in nature. It is a common glycone component of glycosides from many plants. Rhamnose is also a component of the outer cell membrane of certain bacteria. L-rhamnose is metabolized to L-Lactaldehyde, which is a branching point in the metabolic pathway of L-fucose and L-rhamnose utilization. It exists in two anomeric forms, alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-L-rhamnose. Rhamnose has been found in Klebsiella, Pseudomonas (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00369505) (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejlt.200300816). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].

Encecalin

C14H16O3 (232.1099386)

Frutinone A

C16H8O4 (264.0422568)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors

Perlolyrine

C16H12N2O2 (264.0898732)

Alkaloid from Korean ginseng and Japanese soy sauce. Perlolyrine is found in saffron, soy bean, and herbs and spices. Perlolyrine is found in herbs and spices. Perlolyrine is an alkaloid from Korean ginseng and Japanese soy sauc

Codonopsine

C14H21NO4 (267.1470506)

Shekanin

C22H22O11 (462.11620619999997)

Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2]. Tectoridin is a isoflavone isolated from Maackia amurensis. Tectoridin is a phytoestrogen and activates estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin exerts the estrogenic effects via ER-dependent genomic pathway and GPR30-dependent nongenomic pathway[1][2].

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde

C6H6O3 (126.0316926)

5-hydroxymethylfurfural is a member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. It has a role as an indicator and a Maillard reaction product. It is a member of furans, an arenecarbaldehyde and a primary alcohol. Aes-103 has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Hypoxia, Anemia, Sickle Cell, and Sickle Cell Disease. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Tussilago farfara, and other organisms with data available. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde belongs to the family of Furans. These are compounds containing a furan ring, which is a five-member aromatic ring with one oxygen atom, four carbon atoms. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde is found in garden onion. Obtainable from various carbohydrates. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde is present in tomatoes, tobacco oil etc. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde is a constituent of numerous plant species. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde is used as an index of heat treatment and deterioration in food such as tomato paste, honey and fruit juices. Also an indicator of adulteration with acid-converted invert sugars. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is a biomarker for the consumption of beer 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde or simply HMF is obtainable from various carbohydrates. It is found in garden tomatoes, garden onion, and tobacco oil. Constituent of numerous plant spp.. Used as an index of heat treatment and deterioration in food such as tomato paste, honey and fruit juices. Also an indicator of adulteration with acid-converted invert sugars. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is a biomarker for the consumption of beer. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2-Hydroxymethyl-5-furfural), derived from Cornus officinalis, inhibits yeast growth and fermentation as stressors. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2-Hydroxymethyl-5-furfural), derived from Cornus officinalis, inhibits yeast growth and fermentation as stressors.

Galacturonic acid

C6H10O7 (194.042651)

Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or (2s,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate, belongs to glucuronic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Galacturonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, white mustard, okra, and date, which makes galacturonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Galacturonic acid can be found primarily in feces. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of D-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of D-galactose are D-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, L-iduronic acid and D-mannuronic acid . Galactopyranuronic acid is the pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a D-galactopyranuronate. Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of d-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of d-galactose are d-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, l-iduronic acid and d-mannuronic acid. Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or sodium pectate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Galacturonic acid has been found in flaxseeds. Galacturonic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common grapes, cocoa beans, roselles, cow milk, and figs. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

L-Arabinose

C5H10O5 (150.052821)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A L-arabinopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion.

D-Arabinose

C5H10O5 (150.052821)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 233 Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. D-Arabinose, a monosaccharide, shows strong growth inhibition against the Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 7.5 mM[1]. D-Arabinose, a monosaccharide, shows strong growth inhibition against the Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 7.5 mM[1]. D-arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. D-arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.

GALACTURONIC ACID

C6H10O7 (194.042651)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

L-Rhamnose

C6H12O5 (164.06847019999998)

Any rhamnose having L-configuration. L-rhamnose occurs naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 234 Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].

Syringaldehyde

C9H10O4 (182.057906)

Syringaldehyde is a hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxybenzaldehyde and a dimethoxybenzene. Syringaldehyde is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Syringaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Methyl stearate

C19H38O2 (298.28716479999997)

Methyl stearate appears as white crystals or chunky solid. (NTP, 1992) Methyl stearate is a fatty acid methyl ester and an octadecanoate ester. It has a role as a metabolite. Methyl stearate is a natural product found in Cinnamomum kotoense, Hedysarum polybotrys, and other organisms with data available. A fatty acid methyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octadecanoic (stearic) acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. A natural product found in Neolitsea daibuensis. Antifoaming agent and fermentation nutrient. Methyl stearate is found in cloves. Methyl stearate is found in cloves. Antifoaming agent and fermentation nutrient. Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1]. Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1].

Lirioresinol A

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

Syringaresinol is a lignan that is 7,9:7,9-diepoxylignane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3, 3, 5 and 5 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether, a furofuran and a polyether. Syringaresinol is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. A lignan that is 7,9:7,9-diepoxylignane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3, 3, 5 and 5 respectively. Isolated from Artemisia absinthium (wormwood). Lirioresinol A is found in alcoholic beverages and herbs and spices. Lirioresinol A is found in alcoholic beverages. Lirioresinol A is isolated from Artemisia absinthium (wormwood).

Docosane

C22H46 (310.3599316)

N-docosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]20-ch3 or dokosan, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, N-docosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. N-docosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lemon balm, linden, allspice, and sunflower, which makes N-docosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-docosane can be found primarily in saliva. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions . Docosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]20-CH3 or dokosan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Docosane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, docosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Docosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound. Docosane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within lemon balms. Docosane has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as allspices, lindens, papaya, and sunflowers. This could make docosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms. N-docosane is a solid. Insoluble in water. Used in organic synthesis, calibration, and temperature sensing equipment. Docosane is a straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Docosane is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Erucaria microcarpa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). A straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms. Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2]. Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2].

Methyl tetradecanoate

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

Methyl tetradecanoate is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) with methanol. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a flavouring agent and a fragrance. It is functionally related to a tetradecanoic acid. Methyl tetradecanoate is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus, Cyperus conglomeratus, and other organisms with data available. A fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) with methanol. Methyl tetradecanoate is a flavour ingredien Flavour ingredient Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma[1]. Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma[1].

Methyl pentadecanoate

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is functionally related to a pentadecanoic acid. Methyl pentadecanoate is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus, Aristolochia grandiflora, and Astragalus membranaceus with data available. A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1]. Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1].

Methyl caprylate

C9H18O2 (158.1306728)

Methyl octanoate appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and about the same density as water. Used to make other chemicals. Methyl octanoate is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid methyl ester and an octanoate ester. Methyl octanoate is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus, Achillea millefolium, and other organisms with data available. Methyl octanoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methyl caprylate is found in chinese cinnamon. Methyl caprylate is a flavouring agent. Methyl caprylate is present in many fruits, e.g. apple, apricot, grape, blackberry, cherimoya etc Methyl caprylate is a flavouring agent. Present in many fruits, e.g. apple, apricot, grape, blackberry, cherimoya etc. It is also found in tea, chinese cinnamon and pepper (spice). A fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. Methyl octanoate, a volatile compound, is an aroma component persimmon wine[1]. Methyl octanoate, a volatile compound, is an aroma component persimmon wine[1].

Heneicosane

C21H44 (296.3442824)

Heneicosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]19-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heneicosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heneicosane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heneicosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound. Heneicosane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, common oregano, and lemon balms. Heneicosane has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as sunflowers, kohlrabis, orange bell peppers, lindens, and pepper (c. annuum). This could make heneicosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. An alkane that has 21 carbons and a straight-chain structure. Heneicosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]19-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heneicosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heneicosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as orange bell pepper, yellow bell pepper, lemon balm, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes heneicosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Heneicosane can be found primarily in saliva. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions . Crystals. (NTP, 1992) Henicosane is an alkane that has 21 carbons and a straight-chain structure. It has been isolated from plants like Periploca laevigata and Carthamus tinctorius. It has a role as a pheromone, a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Heneicosane is a natural product found in Erucaria microcarpa, Microcystis aeruginosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). An alkane that has 21 carbons and a straight-chain structure. It has been isolated from plants like Periploca laevigata and Carthamus tinctorius. Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3]. Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3].

Heneicosanoic acid

C21H42O2 (326.3184632)

Henicosanoic acid, also known as N-heneicosanoate or 21:0,is a long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a henicosanoate. Heneicosanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Heneicosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heneicosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Isolated from olive oil (Olea europaea) Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3]. Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3].

Heptadecanoic acid

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

Heptadecanoic acid, or margaric acid, is a saturated fatty acid. It occurs as a trace component of the fat and milkfat of ruminants, but it does not occur in any natural animal or vegetable fat at concentrations over half a percent. Salts and esters of heptadecanoic acid are called heptadecanoates (Wikipedia). Heptadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are dandelion, potato, ginger, and green bean. Heptadecanoic acid is a constituent of Erythrina crista-galli trunkwood and bark. Common constituent of lipids, e.g. present in Physalia physalis (Portuguese-man-of-war). Heptadecanoic acid is a fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Heptadecanoic acid constitutes 0.61\\\\% of milk fat and 0.83\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185). Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

Corchoionol C 9-glucoside

C19H30O8 (386.194058)

Corchoionol C 9-glucoside is found in capers. Corchoionol C 9-glucoside is a constituent of Corchorus olitorius (Jews mallow) D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Octadecane

C18H38 (254.2973348)

Octadecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]16-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Octadecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, octadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Octadecane is an alkane tasting compound. Octadecane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as papaya, corianders, sunflowers, kohlrabis, and parsnips. Found in hop oil and other plant sources. Isolated from Piper longum (long pepper). Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].

Friedelin

C30H50O (426.386145)

Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as apple, pear, mammee apple, and sugar apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.37049579999996)

1,2,5,14,18,18-hexamethyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pentacyclo[11.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁵,⁹.0¹⁴,¹⁹]henicosan-17-one belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. 1,2,5,14,18,18-hexamethyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pentacyclo[11.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁵,⁹.0¹⁴,¹⁹]henicosan-17-one is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Lupenone is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Lupenone is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

Methyl pentadecanoate

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1]. Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1].

Syringaldehyde

C9H10O4 (182.057906)

4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, also known as sinapaldehyde or 2,6-dimethoxy-4-formylphenol, is a member of the class of compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a mild, sweet, and plastic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as whisky, common grape, garden tomato (variety), and coriander, which makes 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. Because it contains many functional groups, it can be classified in many ways - aromatic, aldehyde, phenol. It is a colorless solid (impure samples appear yellowish) that is soluble in alcohol and polar organic solvents. Its refractive index is 1.53 . Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Spinosterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

Spinosterol, also known as spinasterol, (3beta,5alpha,22e,24r)-isomer, belongs to stigmastanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24. Thus, spinosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Spinosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Spinosterol can be found in wild celery, which makes spinosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

C14:0

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

FA 8:0

C8H16O2 (144.1150236)

Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

C17:0

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

5-Methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone

C17H14O3 (266.0942894)

5-Methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone is a sensational, non-steroidal anabolic isoflavone. 5-Methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone shows potency increasing muscle mass and endurance[1]. 5-Methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone is a sensational, non-steroidal anabolic isoflavone. 5-Methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone shows potency increasing muscle mass and endurance[1].

Lobetyolin

C20H28O8 (396.1784088)

Unii-yjz71tro1X is a natural product found in Platycodon grandiflorus with data available. See also: Codonopsis pilosula root (part of). Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism[1][2]. Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism[1][2]. Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism[1][2]. Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

sitosterol

C29H50O (414.386145)

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.047736)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.976 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.975 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.968 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.971 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

Glucose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CA - Tests for diabetes V - Various > V06 - General nutrients > V06D - Other nutrients > V06DC - Carbohydrates COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.

Syringaldehyde

C9H10O4 (182.057906)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. IPB_RECORD: 303; CONFIDENCE confident structure Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Rhamnose

C6H12O5 (164.06847019999998)

Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].

Methyl pentadecanoate

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1]. Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1].

Lupenone

C30H48O (424.37049579999996)

Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2]. Lupenone is an orally active lupine-type triterpenoid that can be isolated from Musa basjoo. Lupenone Lupenone plays a role through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lupenone has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1][2][3]. Lupenone, isolated from Musa basjoo, belongs to lupane type triterpenoids. Lupenone shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, improving Chagas disease without major toxicity[1][2].

Taraxerol

C30H50O (426.386145)

Taraxerol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. Taraxerol is a natural product found in Diospyros morrisiana, Liatris acidota, and other organisms with data available. See also: Myrica cerifera root bark (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.

Glycitein

C16H12O5 (284.0684702)

A natural product found in Cordyceps sinensis. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Glycitein is a soy isoflavone used to study apoptosis and antioxidant. Glycitein is a soy isoflavone used to study apoptosis and antioxidant.

2-Pyridinemethanol,5-hydroxy-(6CI,9CI)

C6H7NO2 (125.0476762)

6-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-ol is a natural product found in Codonopsis pilosula with data available. 2-Hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxypyridine is isolated from the the matured, ripened and dried seeds of S. lychnophora. 2-Hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxypyridine is isolated from the the matured, ripened and dried seeds of S. lychnophora.

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Formula(Parent): C10H13N5O4; Bottle Name:Adenosine; PRIME Parent Name:Adenosine; PRIME in-house No.:0040 R0018, Purines MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIRDTQYFTABQOQ_STSL_0143_Adenosine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_33; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.113 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.109 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.097 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.096 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2621; CONFIDENCE confident structure Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

syringin

C17H24O9 (372.14202539999997)

Syringin, also known as eleutheroside b or beta-terpineol, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenolic glycosides. Phenolic glycosides are organic compounds containing a phenolic structure attached to a glycosyl moiety. Some examples of phenolic structures include lignans, and flavonoids. Among the sugar units found in natural glycosides are D-glucose, L-Fructose, and L rhamnose. Syringin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Syringin can be found in caraway, fennel, and lemon, which makes syringin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Syringin is a natural chemical compound first isolated from the bark of lilac (Syringa vulgaris) by Meillet in 1841. It has since been found to be distributed widely throughout many types of plants. It is also called eleutheroside B, and is found in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng). It is also found in dandelion coffee . Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2]. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2].

Atractylenolide III

C15H20O3 (248.14123700000002)

Annotation level-1 Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

nicotinate

C6H5NO2 (123.032027)

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

D-Glucuronic acid

C6H10O7 (194.042651)

A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. D-glucuronic acid, also known as glucuronate or glucuronic acid, monopotassium salt, belongs to glucuronic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. D-glucuronic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-glucuronic acid can be found in a number of food items such as peach, dandelion, corn, and horseradish tree, which makes D-glucuronic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Glucuronic acid (from Ancient Greek γλυκύς "sweet" + οὖρον "urine") is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name). It is found in many gums such as gum arabic (c. 18\\\\%) and xanthan, and is important for the metabolism of microorganisms, plants and animals . D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1]. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1].

Azelaic Acid

C9H16O4 (188.1048536)

D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Annotation level-2 Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Nicotinic acid

C6H5NO2 (123.032027)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 706; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 705 C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AD - Nicotinic acid and derivatives C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators > C04AC - Nicotinic acid and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 699; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 697 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 707; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 706 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1277; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1275 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1271; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1269 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1283; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1281 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 488; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 1265; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 1263 MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; PVNIIMVLHYAWGP_STSL_0169_Nicotinic acid_0125fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_96; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

alpha-L-Rhamnose

C6H12O5 (164.06847019999998)

Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].

Vanillic Acid

C8H8O4 (168.0422568)

Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].

PENTADECANOIC ACID

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Myristic Acid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

Margaric acid

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

Heneicosylic acid

C21H42O2 (326.3184632)

Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3]. Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3].

D-Glucose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CA - Tests for diabetes V - Various > V06 - General nutrients > V06D - Other nutrients > V06DC - Carbohydrates COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Occurs free in fruits, honey and plant juices. Major component of many oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Occurs in sucrose combined with fructose. Comly. available by the acid hydrol. of potato starch (Europe) and cornstarch (USA). Food additive: nutritive sweetener, humectant. D-Glucose is found in many foods, some of which are wheat bread, sour cherry, toffee, and other soy product.

Caprylic acid

C8H16O2 (144.1150236)

Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

2-FUROIC ACID

C5H4O3 (112.0160434)

A furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2].

Lauric acid

C12H24O2 (200.1776204)

Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.[6] It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates. Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty-acid content in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil),[10][11] Otherwise, it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk (6.2\\\\% of total fat), cow's milk (2.9\\\\%), and goat's milk (3.1\\\\%). Lauric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=143-07-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 143-07-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)

niacin

C6H5NO2 (123.032027)

syringaresinol

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

Norharman

C11H8N2 (168.0687448)

D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Annotation level-1 Norharmane (Norharman), a β-carboline alkaloid, is a potent and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6.5 and 4.7 μM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Norharmane causes antidepressant responses. Norharmane is also a prospective anti-cancer photosensitizer. Norharmane alters polar auxin transport (PAT) by inhibiting PIN2, PIN3 and PIN7 transport proteins, thus causing a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Norharmane (Norharman), a β-carboline alkaloid, is a potent and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6.5 and 4.7 μM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Norharmane causes antidepressant responses. Norharmane is also a prospective anti-cancer photosensitizer. Norharmane alters polar auxin transport (PAT) by inhibiting PIN2, PIN3 and PIN7 transport proteins, thus causing a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings[1][2][3][4][5][6].

azelate

C9H16O4 (188.1048536)

Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Choline

C5H14NO+ (104.10753340000001)

A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

Methyl stearate

C19H38O2 (298.28716479999997)

Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1]. Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1].

octanoic acid

C8H16O2 (144.1150236)

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

Uniphat A50

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma[1]. Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma[1].

Pentadecene

C15H30 (210.234738)

Uniphat A20

C9H18O2 (158.1306728)

Methyl octanoate, a volatile compound, is an aroma component persimmon wine[1]. Methyl octanoate, a volatile compound, is an aroma component persimmon wine[1].

N-Octadecane

C18H38 (254.2973348)

A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms. Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].

Nonadekan

C19H40 (268.31298400000003)

Docosane

C22H46 (310.3599316)

Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2]. Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2].

Heneicosane

C21H44 (296.3442824)

Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3]. Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3].

C12:0

C12H24O2 (200.1776204)

Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

C21:0

C21H42O2 (326.3184632)

Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3]. Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3].

spinasterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

D(+)-Glucose

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents

Versulin

C15H10O5 (270.052821)

Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM. Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.

cinaroside

C21H20O11 (448.100557)

Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-glucoside) is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. Cynaroside is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. Cynaroside also is a promising inhibitor for H2O2-induced apoptosis, has cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside also has antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][3][4][5].

atractylenolideII

C15H20O2 (232.14632200000003)

Atractylenolide II is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese); anti-proliferative activity. IC50 value: 82.3 μM(B16 melanoma cell, 48 h) [1] Target: anticancer natural compound in vitro: AT-II treatment for 48 h dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 82.3 μM, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, treatment with 75 μM AT-II induced apoptosis. These observations were associated with the decrease of the expression of Cdk2, phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-ERK and Bcl-2, the increase of the expression of phosphorylated-p38, phosphorylated-p53, p21, p27, and activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of p53, PFTα, significantly decreased AT-II-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis [1]. In B16 and A375 cells, AT-II (20, 40 μm) treatment for 48 h dose-dependently reduced protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3, phospho-Src, as well as STAT3-regulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant of STAT3, STAT3C in A375 cells diminished the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AT-II [2]. in vivo: Daily administration of AT-II (12.5, 25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a B16 xenograft mouse model and inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src in the xenografts [2]. Atractylenolide II is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese); anti-proliferative activity. IC50 value: 82.3 μM(B16 melanoma cell, 48 h) [1] Target: anticancer natural compound in vitro: AT-II treatment for 48 h dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 82.3 μM, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, treatment with 75 μM AT-II induced apoptosis. These observations were associated with the decrease of the expression of Cdk2, phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-ERK and Bcl-2, the increase of the expression of phosphorylated-p38, phosphorylated-p53, p21, p27, and activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of p53, PFTα, significantly decreased AT-II-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis [1]. In B16 and A375 cells, AT-II (20, 40 μm) treatment for 48 h dose-dependently reduced protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3, phospho-Src, as well as STAT3-regulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant of STAT3, STAT3C in A375 cells diminished the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AT-II [2]. in vivo: Daily administration of AT-II (12.5, 25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a B16 xenograft mouse model and inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src in the xenografts [2].

73030-71-4

C15H20O3 (248.14123700000002)

Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide-III is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Hydrofol

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

COVID info from WikiPathways D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

99-50-3

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Vanillate

C8H8O4 (168.0422568)

Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].

α-Pinene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].

Cognac oil

C18H32O2 (280.2402172)

An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Myristicin

C11H12O3 (192.0786402)

Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc[1][2][3][4]. Myristicine ?act as a serotonin receptor antagonist, a weak monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil from Myristica fragrans?Houtt. Myristicine abuse produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, deliriumand others[1].

LS-691

C8H16O2 (144.1150236)

Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

C-1297

C12H24O2 (200.1776204)

Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

Harzol

C29H50O (414.386145)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

AI3-18439

C5H10O5 (150.052821)

Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. D-arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. D-arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.

25249-06-3

C6H10O7 (194.042651)

Linic

C6H5NO2 (123.032027)

C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AD - Nicotinic acid and derivatives C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators > C04AC - Nicotinic acid and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2]. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].

Stigmasterin

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

Hexanol

C6H14O (102.10445940000001)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

maltodextrin

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents

67-47-0

C6H6O3 (126.0316926)

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2-Hydroxymethyl-5-furfural), derived from Cornus officinalis, inhibits yeast growth and fermentation as stressors. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2-Hydroxymethyl-5-furfural), derived from Cornus officinalis, inhibits yeast growth and fermentation as stressors.

Coumarate

C9H8O3 (164.0473418)

D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.

Vanicol

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Heptadekan

C17H36 (240.2816856)

Henicosane

C21H44 (296.3442824)

Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3]. Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3].

Uniphat A60

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3]. Methyl palmitate, an acaricidal compound occurring in Lantana camara, inhibits phagocytic activity and immune response. Methyl palmitate also posseses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects[1][2][3].

Dodekan

C12H26 (170.2034396)

D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens

Furanodiene

C15H20O (216.151407)

Crodacid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

Oktadekan

C18H38 (254.2973348)

Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].

AI3-36441

C15H30O2 (242.224568)

Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

Dokosan

C22H46 (310.3599316)

Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2]. Docosane, a straight chain alkane, can be used to synthesize structural composites with thermal energy storage/release capability[1][2].

AI3-36481

C17H34O2 (270.2558664)

Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].

AI3-03520

C19H34O2 (294.2558664)

Methyl linoleate, a major active constituent of Sageretia thea?fruit (HFSF), is a major anti-melanogenic compound. Methyl linoleate downregulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)?and tyrosinase-related proteins[1]. Methyl linoleate, a major active constituent of Sageretia thea?fruit (HFSF), is a major anti-melanogenic compound. Methyl linoleate downregulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)?and tyrosinase-related proteins[1].

Dodecanal

C12H24O (184.18270539999997)

AI3-07960

C19H38O2 (298.28716479999997)

Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1]. Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels[1].

AI3-36452

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1]. Methyl pentadecanoate is a fatty acid ester, can be isolated from L. wallichi extracts. Methyl pentadecanoate is obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of pentadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol[1].

WLN: QV5

C6H12O2 (116.08372519999999)

Perlolyrine

C16H12N2O2 (264.0898732)

Axsain

C18H27NO3 (305.1990832)

M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AB - Capsaicin and similar agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2].

Coniferol

C10H12O3 (180.0786402)

Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbenoids and coumarin[1]. Coniferyl alcohol specifically inhibits fungal growth[1]. Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbenoids and coumarin[1]. Coniferyl alcohol specifically inhibits fungal growth[1].

CHEBI:17118

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

1330-91-2

C24H38O4 (390.2769948)

Butanol

C4H10O (74.073161)

Acid C-9

C9H18O2 (158.1306728)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Nonanoic acid is a naturally-occurring saturated fatty acid with nine carbon atoms. Nonanoic acid significantly reduces bacterial translocation, enhances antibacterial activity, and remarkably increases the secretion of porcine β-defensins 1 (pBD-1) and pBD-2[1]. Nonanoic acid is a naturally-occurring saturated fatty acid with nine carbon atoms. Nonanoic acid significantly reduces bacterial translocation, enhances antibacterial activity, and remarkably increases the secretion of porcine β-defensins 1 (pBD-1) and pBD-2[1].

AI3-28796

C9H10O4 (182.057906)

Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

Hentriacontan

C31H64 (436.5007744)

Nonanol

C9H20O (144.151407)

K 251T

C16H12O6 (300.06338519999997)

C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C1967 - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1017 - Glucuronidase Inhibitor Tectorigenin is a plant isoflavonoid originally isolated from the dried flower of Pueraria lobate Benth. Tectorigenin is a plant isoflavonoid originally isolated from the dried flower of Pueraria lobate Benth.

AIDS-130588

C17H14O3 (266.0942894)

c0713

C11H10 (142.078246)

WLN: QV6

C7H14O2 (130.09937440000002)

L-Rha

C6H12O5 (164.06847019999998)

Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].

AI3-01234

C17H36O (256.2766006)

1-Heptadecanol is a long-chain primary alcohol with antibacterial activity from Solena amplexicaulis leaves[1]. 1-Heptadecanol is a long-chain primary alcohol with antibacterial activity from Solena amplexicaulis leaves[1].

furoic acid

C5H4O3 (112.0160434)

2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2]. 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2].

Frutabs

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

Ricinin

C8H8N2O2 (164.0585748)

LS-443

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists

98-06-6

C10H14 (134.1095444)

AI3-36036

C9H16O (140.1201086)

AIDS-287167

C13H11N (181.0891446)

3-Methylcarbazole is an carbazole alkaloid compound with anticancer effects. 3-Methylcarbazole shows growth inhibitory activity (IC50 of 25 μg/mL) on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells[1]. 3-Methylcarbazole is an carbazole alkaloid compound with anticancer effects. 3-Methylcarbazole shows growth inhibitory activity (IC50 of 25 μg/mL) on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells[1].

CHEBI:47808

C6H11NOS2 (177.0282036)

C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent > C54630 - Phase II Enzymes Inducer D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents (R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a highly potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. (R)-Sulforaphane is a far more potent inducer of the carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme systems in rat liver and lung than the S-isomer[1][2]. (R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a highly potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. (R)-Sulforaphane is a far more potent inducer of the carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme systems in rat liver and lung than the S-isomer[1][2].

1678-93-9

C10H20 (140.15649200000001)

N-Heneicosanoic acid

C21H42O2 (326.3184632)

Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3]. Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3].

53180_FLUKA

C12H24O6 (264.1572804)

ZINC01529567

C5H11NO3S (165.0459616)

(-)-α-Pinene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].

alpha-Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

Constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. alpha-Spinasterol is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, towel gourd, muskmelon, and green vegetables. alpha-Spinasterol is found in alfalfa. alpha-Spinasterol is a constituent of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa meal, pumpkin seeds and senega root. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

Alpha-Spinasterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. alpha-Spinasterol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Benincasa hispida, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

5-[(3-{2-[3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-3,5-dimethoxy-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl}prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-3-methyl-5-oxo-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}pentanoic acid

C46H64O26 (1032.3685644)

(2r,3r,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-4-[(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy]pyrrolidin-1-ium

[C19H28NO5]+ (350.19673780000005)

5-{[3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]oxy}-3-methyl-5-oxo-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}pentanoic acid

C38H48O20 (824.2738807999999)

(1s,3as,5as,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,5h,5ah,6h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

C29H46O (410.3548466)

2-(hexyloxy)-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C18H34O11 (426.2101014)