NCBI Taxonomy: 5052
Aspergillus (ncbi_taxid: 5052)
found 63 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Aspergillaceae
Child Taxonomies: Aspergillus latus, Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus nutans, Aspergillus aeneus, Aspergillus thomii, Aspergillus niveus, Aspergillus nomiae, Aspergillus unguis, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus raperi, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus auratus, Aspergillus lanosus, Aspergillus iizukae, Aspergillus luppiae, Aspergillus conicus, Aspergillus bicolor, Aspergillus puniceus, Aspergillus parvulus, Aspergillus spinosus, Aspergillus mellinus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus pallidus, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus brunneus, Aspergillus gracilis, Aspergillus caelatus, Aspergillus rugulosus, Aspergillus violaceus, Aspergillus deflectus, Aspergillus elongatus, Aspergillus crustosus, Aspergillus terricola, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus neoglaber, Aspergillus giganteus, Aspergillus phoenicis, Aspergillus felis, Aspergillus arxii, Aspergillus pepii, Aspergillus arvii, Aspergillus hydei, Aspergillus annui, Aspergillus inuii, Aspergillus asper, Aspergillus ruber, Aspergillus aureolatus, Aspergillus chrysellus, Aspergillus itaconicus, Aspergillus multicolor, Aspergillus recurvatus, Aspergillus xerophilus, Aspergillus fennelliae, Aspergillus ellipticus, Aspergillus campestris, Aspergillus neocarnoyi, Aspergillus caesiellus, Aspergillus igneus, Aspergillus tardus, Aspergillus usamii, Aspergillus aerius, Aspergillus mottae, Aspergillus sergii, Aspergillus cejpii, Aspergillus creber, Aspergillus hortae, Aspergillus medius, Aspergillus otanii, Aspergillus persii, Aspergillus fimeti, Aspergillus uvarum, Aspergillus magnus, Aspergillus hordei, Aspergillus keveii, Aspergillus aureus, Aspergillus spectabilis, Aspergillus subsessilis, Aspergillus dimorphicus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus spathulatus, Aspergillus longivesica, Aspergillus kambarensis, Aspergillus anthodesmis, Aspergillus intermedius, Aspergillus proliferans, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus leucocarpus, Aspergillus citrisporus, Aspergillus miyajii, Aspergillus cremeus, Aspergillus filifer, Aspergillus equitis, Aspergillus minutus, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus tumidus, Aspergillus oxumiae, Aspergillus varians, Aspergillus porosus, Aspergillus teporis, Aspergillus chungii, Aspergillus effusus, Aspergillus marneyi, Aspergillus monodii, Aspergillus tanneri, Aspergillus amoenus, Aspergillus elegans, Aspergillus toxicus, Aspergillus fructus, Aspergillus takadae, Aspergillus tatenoi, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus piperis, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus dromiae, Aspergillus affinis, Aspergillus krugeri, Aspergillus sloanii, Aspergillus takakii, Aspergillus similis, Aspergillus croceus, Aspergillus parvathecius, Aspergillus stromatoides, Aspergillus aureoterreus, Aspergillus unilateralis, Aspergillus subolivaceus, Aspergillus niveoglaucus, Aspergillus halophilicus, Aspergillus coreanus, Aspergillus tsunodae, Aspergillus curvatus, Aspergillus insuetus, Aspergillus ibericus, Aspergillus brevipes, Aspergillus striatus, Aspergillus pelloeae, Aspergillus ambiguus, Aspergillus bridgeri, Aspergillus fresenii, Aspergillus ostianus, Aspergillus petrakii, Aspergillus sepultus, Aspergillus solicola, Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus turcosus, Aspergillus oleicola, Aspergillus acrensis, Aspergillus bezerrae, Aspergillus neoniger, Aspergillus barbosae, Aspergillus anomalus, Aspergillus udagawae, Aspergillus agricola, Aspergillus jensenii, Aspergillus telluris, Aspergillus baeticus, Aspergillus inflatus, Aspergillus apicalis, Aspergillus vadensis, Aspergillus texensis, Aspergillus lebretii, Aspergillus aureolus, Aspergillus cerealis, Aspergillus koreanus, Aspergillus sigurros, Aspergillus heldtiae, Aspergillus iranicus, Aspergillus occultus, Aspergillus bombycis, Aspergillus frequens, Aspergillus spelaeus, Aspergillus capensis, Aspergillus tsurutae, Aspergillus malignus, Aspergillus sublatus, Aspergillus villosus, Aspergillus cibarius, Aspergillus heteromorphus, Aspergillus thermomutatus, Aspergillus quadricinctus, Aspergillus rambellii, Aspergillus delicatus, Aspergillus europaeus, Aspergillus turkensis, Aspergillus fijiensis, Aspergillus siamensis, Aspergillus auricomus, Aspergillus vitricola, Aspergillus suttoniae, Aspergillus paleaceus, Aspergillus assulatus, Aspergillus caperatus, Aspergillus omanensis, Aspergillus cf. ruber, Aspergillus zutongqii, Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus neoniveus, Aspergillus trisporus, Aspergillus quitensis, Aspergillus papuensis, Aspergillus mallochii, Aspergillus purpureus, Aspergillus waksmanii, Aspergillus ferenczii, Aspergillus tabacinus, Aspergillus muricatus, Aspergillus venenatus, Aspergillus huiyaniae, Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus stellatus, Aspergillus cretensis, Aspergillus subnutans, Aspergillus gaarensis, Aspergillus sibiricus, Aspergillus floccosus, Aspergillus sigarelli, Aspergillus seifertii, Aspergillus urmiensis, Aspergillus parafelis, Aspergillus nakazawae, Aspergillus fuscicans, Aspergillus africanus, Aspergillus clavellus, Aspergillus pragensis, Aspergillus labruscus, Aspergillus hancockii, Aspergillus chinensis, Aspergillus miraensis, Aspergillus collinsii, Aspergillus destruens, Aspergillus glabripes, Aspergillus burnettii, Aspergillus undulatus, Aspergillus cumulatus, Aspergillus subflavus, Aspergillus conversis, environmental samples, Aspergillus quadrilineatus, Aspergillus eburneocremeus, Aspergillus gorakhpurensis, Aspergillus clavatonanicus, Aspergillus luteoniger, Aspergillus cf. flavus, Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus stramenius, Aspergillus cf. unguis, Aspergillus foveolatus, Aspergillus allportiae, Aspergillus duricaulis, Aspergillus corrugatus, Aspergillus tasmanicus, Aspergillus insulicola, Aspergillus granulosus, Aspergillus ivoriensis, Aspergillus sulphureus, Aspergillus brevijanus, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus silvaticus, Aspergillus lannaensis, Aspergillus spelunceus, Aspergillus levisporus, Aspergillus granulatus, Aspergillus marvanovae, Aspergillus hiratsukae, Aspergillus nishimurae, Aspergillus neoindicus, Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus amazonicus, Aspergillus arizonicus, Aspergillus megasporus, Aspergillus dipodomyus, Aspergillus recifensis, Aspergillus rouenensis, Aspergillus primulinus, Aspergillus germanicus, Aspergillus montoensis, Aspergillus osmophilus, Aspergillus jilinensis, Aspergillus luchuensis, Aspergillus laciniosus, Aspergillus malvicolor, Aspergillus acidohumus, Aspergillus templicola, Aspergillus tonophilus, Aspergillus keveioides, Aspergillus rhizopodus, Aspergillus salinicola, Aspergillus austwickii, Aspergillus alboluteus, Aspergillus pipericola, Aspergillus inusitatus, Aspergillus aff. ustus, Aspergillus tibetensis, Aspergillus spinulosus, Aspergillus salwaensis, Aspergillus tetrazonus, Aspergillus sesamicola, Aspergillus shendaweii, Aspergillus ardalensis, Aspergillus angustatus, Aspergillus movilensis, Aspergillus astellatus, Aspergillus subalbidus, Aspergillus desertorum, Aspergillus toxicarius, Aspergillus haitiensis, Aspergillus petersonii, Aspergillus canadensis, Aspergillus domesticus, Aspergillus verrucosus, Aspergillus tenebricus, Aspergillus bicephalus, Aspergillus infrequens, Aspergillus neotritici, Aspergillus spiculosus, Aspergillus heterothallicus, Aspergillus aureoluteus, Aspergillus loretoensis, Aspergillus alabamensis, Aspergillus hollandicus, Aspergillus kassunensis, Aspergillus dobrogensis, Aspergillus asperescens, Aspergillus indologenus, Aspergillus caespitosus, Aspergillus cavernicola, Aspergillus heyangensis, Aspergillus helicothrix, Aspergillus neoflavipes, Aspergillus olivimuriae, Aspergillus alboviridis, Aspergillus lanuginosus, Aspergillus navahoensis, Aspergillus montenegroi, Aspergillus allahabadii, Aspergillus homomorphus, Aspergillus thesauricus, Aspergillus floridensis, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus assiutensis, Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus neobridgeri, Aspergillus aspearensis, Aspergillus yunnanensis, Aspergillus pulvericola, Aspergillus pseudofelis, Aspergillus israelensis, Aspergillus savannensis, Aspergillus contaminans, Aspergillus hennebergii, unclassified Petromyces, Aspergillus costiformis, Aspergillus falconensis, Aspergillus floriformis, Aspergillus jaipurensis, Aspergillus mulundensis, Aspergillus discophorus, Aspergillus pseudoustus, Aspergillus qinqixianii, Aspergillus aculeatinus, Aspergillus pachycaulis, Aspergillus reticulatus, Aspergillus nanangensis, Aspergillus flaschentraegeri, Aspergillus aurantiobrunneus, Aspergillus galapagensis, Aspergillus denticulatus, Aspergillus arachidicola, Aspergillus botucatensis, Aspergillus viridinutans, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Aspergillus lucknowensis, Aspergillus fasciculatus, Aspergillus endophyticus, Aspergillus fruticulosus, Aspergillus rugulovalvus, Aspergillus neoafricanus, Aspergillus polyporicola, Aspergillus amethystinus, Aspergillus similanensis, Aspergillus pseudonomiae, Aspergillus cvjetkovicii, Aspergillus posadasensis, Aspergillus puulaauensis, Aspergillus coloradensis, Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus limoniformis, Aspergillus phialiformis, Aspergillus saccharicola, Aspergillus guangxiensis, Aspergillus sichuanensis, unclassified Aspergillus, Aspergillus cf. aureolus, Aspergillus latilabiatus, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Aspergillus stercorarius, Aspergillus botswanensis, Aspergillus mangaliensis, Aspergillus californicus, Aspergillus arenarioides, Aspergillus asclerogenus, Aspergillus citocrescens, Aspergillus paulistensis, Aspergillus stella-maris, Aspergillus neoalliaceus, Aspergillus cf. spelaeus, Aspergillus vandermerwei, Aspergillus wyomingensis, Aspergillus multiplicatus, Aspergillus sublevisporus, Aspergillus bertholletiae, Aspergillus subramanianii, Aspergillus arcoverdensis, Aspergillus flavofurcatus, Aspergillus microcysticus, Aspergillus montevidensis, Aspergillus tamarindosoli, Aspergillus pseudoterreus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus australiensis, Aspergillus caatingaensis, Aspergillus taichungensis, Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aspergillus subversicolor, Aspergillus tennesseensis, Aspergillus pallidofulvus, Aspergillus croceiaffinis, Aspergillus eucalypticola, Aspergillus costaricensis, Aspergillus phialosimplex, Aspergillus hongkongensis, Aspergillus pseudotamarii, Aspergillus pseudoelegans, Aspergillus okavangoensis, Aspergillus novofumigatus, Aspergillus pulverulentus, Aspergillus westlandensis, Aspergillus trinidadensis, Aspergillus carlsbadensis, Aspergillus spinulosporus, Aspergillus foeniculicola, Aspergillus albomontensis, Aspergillus clavatophorus, Aspergillus venezuelensis, Aspergillus tardicrescens, Aspergillus incahuasiensis, Aspergillus aff. ustus A10, Aspergillus aff. ustus A11, Aspergillus aff. ustus A12, Aspergillus aff. ustus A14, Aspergillus aff. ustus A16, Aspergillus aff. ustus A24, Aspergillus aff. ustus A31, Aspergillus citrinoterreus, Aspergillus frankstonensis, Aspergillus cleistominutus, Aspergillus violaceofuscus, Aspergillus pseudocaelatus, Aspergillus subgen. Cremei, Aspergillus phialiseptatus, Aspergillus sclerotioniger, Aspergillus appendiculatus, Aspergillus christenseniae, Aspergillus novoguineensis, Aspergillus luteovirescens, Aspergillus wisconsinensis, Aspergillus guangdongensis, Aspergillus micronesiensis, Aspergillus cf. protuberus, Aspergillus elsenburgensis, Aspergillus fumisynnematus, Aspergillus karnatakaensis, Aspergillus pachycristatus, Aspergillus pluriseminatus, Aspergillus pseudogracilis, Aspergillus cf. versicolor, Aspergillus askiburgiensis, Aspergillus chaetosartoryae, Aspergillus penicilliformis, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, Aspergillus saccharolyticus, Aspergillus novoparasiticus, Aspergillus cf. assiutensis, Aspergillus roseoglobulosus, Aspergillus microperforatus, Aspergillus viridicatenatus, Aspergillus austroafricanus, Aspergillus longistipitatus, Aspergillus pernambucoensis, Aspergillus aflatoxiformans, Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis, Aspergillus brevistipitatus, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus, Aspergillus scarthjohnsoniae, Aspergillus aurantiacoflavus, Aspergillus transmontanensis, Aspergillus serratalhadensis, Aspergillus subgen. Fumigati, Aspergillus heterocaryoticus, Aspergillus sulphureoviridis, Aspergillus transcarpathicus, Aspergillus aff. dimorphicus, Aspergillus magnivesiculatus, Aspergillus minisclerotigenes, Aspergillus cf. ustus FSU6408, Aspergillus aff. welwitschiae, Aspergillus aurantiopurpureus, Aspergillus magaliesburgensis, Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus, Aspergillus pseudosclerotiorum, Aspergillus subgen. Nidulantes, Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati, Aspergillus purpureocrustaceus, Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans, Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, Aspergillus aff. carbonarius A1, Aspergillus microviridicitrinus, Aspergillus cf. phoenicis MU-13, Aspergillus subgen. Aspergillus, Aspergillus pseudoheteromorphus, Aspergillus porphyreostipitatus, Aspergillus subgen. Polypaecilum, Aspergillus cf. flavus SSTH-2014, Aspergillus aff. parasiticus A20, Aspergillus aff. parasiticus A19, Aspergillus aff. dimorphicus A23, Aspergillus aff. dimorphicus A32, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis, Aspergillus cf. japonicus C15-68, Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis Fun31, Aspergillus cf. felis UFMGCB 6351, Aspergillus cf. ustus UFMGCB 5085, Aspergillus cf. tamarii ATCC 64841, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis FunS29, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis KRCF700, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis KRCF701, Aspergillus cf. astellatus SRRC 503, Aspergillus cf. candidus IHEM 27965, Aspergillus cf. candidus IHEM 28229, Aspergillus cf. sclerotiorum Vega101, Aspergillus cf. sclerotiorum FSU9297, Aspergillus aff. floccosus IMV 01167, Aspergillus aff. dimorphicus MUT 2720, Aspergillus aff. tubingensis V-04-N22, Aspergillus aff. tubingensis V-04-N17, Aspergillus cf. tubingensis PVPVMC-2008, Aspergillus cf. quadrilineatus IRAN 235C, Aspergillus parasiticus x Aspergillus flavus
Rutin
Rutin is a flavonoid known to have a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties. A large number of flavonoids, mostly O-glycosides, are polyphenolic compounds of natural origin that are present in most fruits and vegetables. The average intake of the compounds by humans on a normal diet is more than 1 g per day. Although flavonoids are devoid of classical nutritional value, they are increasingly viewed as beneficial dietary components that act as potential protectors against human diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease. Rutin acts as a quercetin deliverer to the large intestine; moreover, quercetin is extensively metabolized in the large intestine, which suggests that quercetin liberated from rutin and/or its colonic metabolites may play a role. Rutins anti-inflammatory actions are mediated through a molecular mechanism that underlies the quercetin-mediated therapeutic effects: quercetin-mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. TNF-alpha-induced NFkB activity plays a central role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in progression of gut inflammation. (PMID:16132362). Rutin is a rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a rutinoside. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. Rutin is a natural product found in Ficus virens, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. See also: Quercetin (related); Ginkgo (part of); Chamomile (part of) ... View More ... First isolated from Ruta graveolens (rue). Bioflavanoid. Quercetin 3-rutinoside is found in many foods, some of which are tea, bilberry, common oregano, and lemon grass. A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids IPB_RECORD: 541; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_20eV.txt Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Quercetin
Quercetin appears as yellow needles or yellow powder. Converts to anhydrous form at 203-207 °F. Alcoholic solutions taste very bitter. (NTP, 1992) Quercetin is a pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a protein kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a phytoestrogen, a radical scavenger, a chelator, an Aurora kinase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin-7-olate. Quercetin is a flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin. Quercetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many foods and herbs and is a regular component of a normal diet. Extracts of quercetin have been used to treat or prevent diverse conditions including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, rheumatic diseases, infections and cancer but have not been shown to be effective in clinical trials for any medical condition. Quercetin as a nutritional supplement is well tolerated and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to episodes of clinically apparent liver injury. Quercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercitin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adju... Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercetin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adjustment for known risk factors and other dietary components. A limited number of intervention studies with flavonoids and flavonoid containing foods and extracts has been performed in several pathological conditions (PMID:17015250). Quercetin is isolated from many plants, especially fruits, such as Helichrysum, Euphorbia and Karwinskia spp. Present in the Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Passifloraceae and many other families. For example detected in almost all studied Umbelliferae. Nutriceutical with antiinflammatory props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Found in a wide variety of foods especially apples, bee pollen, blackcurrants, capers, cocoa, cranberries, dock leaves, elderberries, fennel, lovage, red onions, ancho peppers, dill weed and tarragon. A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4014; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4012 INTERNAL_ID 298; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4019; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4016 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4024; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4023 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_30eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 1761; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_10eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_20eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_40eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_50eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 161; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_40eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_50eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_20eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_30eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_10eV_000027.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 54 Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Yamogenintetroside B
Methylprotodioscin is a steroid saponin. Methylprotodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Smilax menispermoidea, and other organisms with data available. Methylprotodioscin is found in herbs and spices. Methylprotodioscin is isolated from seeds of Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) and Asparagus officinalis (asparagus). Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2]. Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].
Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid is an an immunosuppresant drug and potent anti-proliferative, and can be used in place of the older anti-proliferative azathioprine. It is usually used as part of triple therapy including a calcineurin inhibitor (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and prednisolone. It is also useful in research for the selection of animal cells that express the E. coli gene coding for XGPRT (xanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase). L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AA - Selective immunosuppressants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2087 - Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8577 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2698 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4128 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Mycophenolic acid is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.24 μM.?Mycophenolic acid demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects[1][2].
Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid is a doubly unsaturated fatty acid, also known as an omega-6 fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. In this particular polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the first double bond is located between the sixth and seventh carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-6). Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition because it cannot be synthesized by humans. It is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (via arachidonic acid) and cell membranes (From Stedman, 26th ed). Linoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3. Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n-6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid.[5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.[2] It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride (ester of glycerin) rather than as a free fatty acid.[6] It is one of two essential fatty acids for humans, who must obtain it through their diet,[7] and the most essential, because the body uses it as a base to make the others. The word "linoleic" derives from Latin linum 'flax', and oleum 'oil', reflecting the fact that it was first isolated from linseed oil.
Citreoviridin A
Citreoviridin A is a metabolite of Penicillium citreo-viride, Penicillium toxicarium, Penicillium ochrosalmoneum and Aspergillus terreus. It is isolated from mouldy rice. Toxin formerly responsible for epidemic-like occurrences of cardiac beriberi in East Asi
Methane
Methane (CH4), is a gas produced by a group of colonic anaerobes, absorbed from the colon and excreted in expired air. As a result, breath CH4 excretion can be used as an indicator of the in situ activity of the methanogenic flora. All CH4 produced in human beings is a metabolic product of intestinal bacteria, and about 50\\% of CH4 produced in the gut is absorbed and excreted in expired air. Because there appears to be no catabolism of this gas by other colonic organisms or host cells, breath CH4 measurements provide a rapid, simple means of semi quantitatively assessing the ongoing in situ metabolism of the methanogenic flora. It could seem likely that the intracolonic activity of a variety of bacteria similarly might be assessed quantitatively via analysis of expired air. However, the application of this methodology has been confounded by the rapid catabolism of many volatile bacterial products by other bacteria or human tissue. A striking aspect of the studies of breath CH4 measurements is the enormous individual variations in the excretion of this gas. Virtually all children under 5 years of age and 66\\% of the adult population do not exhale appreciable quantities of CH4. The remaining 34\\% of the adult population has appreciable breath methane concentrations of up to 80 ppm (mean, 15.2 ppm; median, 11.8 ppm). On this basis the population can be divided into CH4 producers or nonproducers, although a more accurate term would be to define subjects as being low or high CH4 producers. The primary methanogen present in the human colon, Methanobrevibacter smithii, produces methane via a reaction that relies entirely on H2 produced by other organisms to reduce CO2 to CH4. Thus, breath CH4 concentrations might be expected to mirror breath H2 concentrations; however, the high levels of CH4 observed in the fasting state may result from H2 derived from endogenous rather than dietary substrates. A diverse assortment of conditions has been associated with a high prevalence of methane producers including diverticulosis, cystic fibrosis, high fasting serum cholesterol levels, encopresis in children, and aorto-iliac vascular disease, whereas obesity (measured as skin-fold thickness) was related inversely to methane production. The challenge that remains is to determine to what extent methanogens actively influence body physiology vs. simply serve as passive indicators of colonic function. (PMID: 16469670, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2006, Pages 123-129). Methane can be found in Desulfovibrio, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanococcus, Methanocorpusculum, Methanoculleus, Methanoflorens, Methanofollis, Methanogenium, Methanomicrobium, Methanopyrus, Methanoregula, Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanosphaera, Methanospirillium, Methanothermobacter (Wikipedia). Methane (CH4), is a gas produced by a group of colonic anaerobes, absorbed from the colon and excreted in expired air. As a result, breath CH4 excretion can be used as an indicator of the in situ activity of the methanogenic flora. All CH4 produced in human beings is a metabolic product of intestinal bacteria, and about 50\\% of CH4 produced in the gut is absorbed and excreted in expired air. Because there appears to be no catabolism of this gas by other colonic organisms or host cells, breath CH4 measurements provide a rapid, simple means of semi quantitatively assessing the ongoing in situ metabolism of the methanogenic flora. It could seem likely that the intracolonic activity of a variety of bacteria similarly might be assessed quantitatively via analysis of expired air. However, the application of this methodology has been confounded by the rapid catabolism of many volatile bacterial products by other bacteria or human tissue. A striking aspect of the studies of breath CH4 measurements is the enormous individual variations in the excretion of this gas. Virtually all children under 5 years of age and 66\\% of the adult population do not exhale appreciable quantities of CH4. The remaining 34\\% of the adult population has appreciable breath methane concentrations of up to 80 ppm (mean, 15.2 ppm; median, 11.8 ppm). On this basis the population can be divided into CH4 producers or nonproducers, although a more accurate term would be to define subjects as being low or high CH4 producers. The primary methanogen present in the human colon, Methanobrevibacter smithii, produces methane via a reaction that relies entirely on H2 produced by other organisms to reduce CO2 to CH4. Thus, breath CH4 concentrations might be expected to mirror breath H2 concentrations; however, the high levels of CH4 observed in the fasting state may result from H2 derived from endogenous rather than dietary substrates. A diverse assortment of conditions has been associated with a high prevalence of methane producers including diverticulosis, cystic fibrosis, high fasting serum cholesterol levels, encopresis in children, and aorto-iliac vascular disease, whereas obesity (measured as skin-fold thickness) was related inversely to methane production. The challenge that remains is to determine to what extent methanogens actively influence body physiology vs. simply serve as passive indicators of colonic function. (PMID: 16469670, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2006, Pages 123-129) [HMDB]
De-O-methyldihydrosterigmatocystin
De-O-methyldihydrosterigmatocystin is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus versicolor. Mycotoxin production by Aspergillus versicolor.
Averantin
A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone bearing a 1-hydroxyhexyl substituent at position 2.
(11S,14S)-Cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Phe)
A natural product found in Aspergillus sydowii.
Citreoviridin
Linoleate
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Quercetin
Annotation level-1 COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.898 D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.902 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1981; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3301; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3283; CONFIDENCE confident structure Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Rutin
C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2352 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.724 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.728 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1921; CONFIDENCE confident structure Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Mycophenolic acid
A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AA - Selective immunosuppressants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2087 - Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE isolated standard relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.096 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.098 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2808 Mycophenolic acid is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.24 μM.?Mycophenolic acid demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects[1][2].
Demethyldihydrosterigmatocystin
Quertin
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Cognac oil
An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Acremolin B
An imidazopurine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-b]purine substituted by methyl, oxo, methyl, and isopropyl groups at positions 1, 4, 5, and 7, respectively. It is a natural product isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO Ind09F01.
(2E,4E)-2,4,6-Octatrienoic acid [(5R)-1,3,5,5aalpha,6,7,8,9,9a,9balpha-decahydro-9balpha-hydroxy-6,6,9abeta-trimethyl-1-oxonaphtho[1,2-c]furan]-5beta-yl ester
MPD cpd
Methylprotodioscin is a steroid saponin. Methylprotodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Smilax menispermoidea, and other organisms with data available. Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2]. Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].
methane
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).