Galactitol (BioDeep_00000000454)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000017597, BioDeep_00000399904, BioDeep_00000400429

natural product human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite BioNovoGene_Lab2019


代谢物信息卡片


Galactitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

化学式: C6H14O6 (182.079)
中文名称: 半乳糖醇, 甜醇
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(plant) 13.15%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2

描述信息

Galactitol or dulcitol is a sugar alcohol that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose is derived from lactose in food (such as dairy products). When lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase it produces glucose and galactose. Galactitol has a slightly sweet taste. It is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. When present in sufficiently high levels, galactitol can act as a metabotoxin, a neurotoxin, and a hepatotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A hepatotoxin as a compound that disrupts or attacks liver tissue or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of galactitol are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism, including galactosemia and galactosemia type II. Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individuals ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Excess lactose consumption in individuals with galactose intolerance or galactosemia activates aldose reductase to produce galactitol, thus depleting NADPH and leading to lowered glutathione reductase activity. As a result, hydrogen peroxide or other free radicals accumulate causing serious oxidative damage to various cells and tissues. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for the further metabolism of galactose (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate, galactitol, and galactonate. High levels of galactitol in infants are specifically associated with hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, vomiting, seizure, hypoglycemia, lethargy, brain damage, and ovarian failure.
Galactitol is an optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Galactitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Galactitol is a natural product found in Elaeodendron croceum, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available.
Galactitol is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in galactosemias a deficiency of galactokinase.
A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE.
A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste.; Dulcitol (or galactitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. Galactitol in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk. Galactitol is found in many foods, some of which are elliotts blueberry, italian sweet red pepper, catjang pea, and green bean.
An optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration.
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.
Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

同义名列表

38 个代谢物同义名

Galactitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; Galactitol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Galactitol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]; rel-(2R,3S,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol; (2R,3S,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol; Dulcitol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98\\%; (2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[h2112h]/1/; GALACTITOL [USP-RS]; Dulcitol, puriss.; Dulcitol, >=99\\%; galacto-Hexitol; meso-galactitol; GALACTITOL [MI]; Tox21_111644_1; Tox21_111643_1; L-galactitol; Tox21_111643; Tox21_111644; D-Galactitol; Melampyrite; Melampyrit; Galactitol; Melampyrin; Melampyrum; D-Dulcitol; AI3-19423; Ambap5938; dulcitol; Euonymit; dulcose; dulcite; Hexitol; Dulcitol; Galactitol; NSC 1944; Galactitol



数据库引用编号

29 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(8)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

19 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(7)

WikiPathways(1)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(2)

PathBank(9)

PharmGKB(0)

207 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 8 AGA, AKR1B1, AXIN2, BCL2, CAT, ELANE, ITPR3, ODC1
Peripheral membrane protein 2 HSD17B6, SORD
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 2 BCL2, ITPR3
Mitochondrion membrane 1 SORD
Nucleus 2 AXIN2, BCL2
cytosol 10 AKR1A1, AKR1B1, AXIN2, BCL2, CAT, ELANE, GALE, LIPE, ODC1, SORD
mitochondrial membrane 1 SORD
phagocytic vesicle 1 ELANE
centrosome 1 AXIN2
nucleoplasm 3 AKR1B1, ATP2B1, ITPR3
Cell membrane 2 ATP2B1, LIPE
Early endosome membrane 1 HSD17B6
Multi-pass membrane protein 2 ATP2B1, ITPR3
Synapse 2 AKR1A1, ATP2B1
cell surface 1 ELANE
glutamatergic synapse 1 ATP2B1
Golgi membrane 1 INS
lysosomal membrane 1 GAA
neuronal cell body 1 ITPR3
presynaptic membrane 1 ATP2B1
Cytoplasm, cytosol 2 AKR1A1, LIPE
Lysosome 2 AGA, GAA
plasma membrane 5 ATP2B1, AXIN2, GAA, ITPR3, LCT
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 ATP2B1
Membrane 7 ATP2B1, BCL2, CAT, GAA, ITPR3, LIPE, SORD
apical plasma membrane 1 AKR1A1
basolateral plasma membrane 1 ATP2B1
brush border 1 ITPR3
caveola 1 LIPE
extracellular exosome 8 AKR1A1, AKR1B1, ATP2B1, CAT, ELANE, GAA, LAD1, SORD
Lysosome membrane 1 GAA
Lumenal side 1 HSD17B6
endoplasmic reticulum 4 AGA, BCL2, HSD17B6, ITPR3
extracellular space 6 AGA, AKR1A1, AKR1B1, ELANE, INS, SORD
lysosomal lumen 1 GAA
mitochondrion 5 AKR1B1, BCL2, CAT, GATB, GATC
protein-containing complex 2 BCL2, CAT
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 4 ATP2B1, CAT, GAA, HSD17B6
Microsome membrane 1 HSD17B6
Single-pass type I membrane protein 1 LCT
Secreted 2 GAA, INS
extracellular region 6 AGA, CAT, ELANE, GAA, INS, LAD1
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 BCL2
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 1 BCL2
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
motile cilium 1 SORD
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane 1 ATP2B1
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
actin cytoskeleton 1 LAD1
beta-catenin destruction complex 1 AXIN2
nucleolus 1 ITPR3
apical part of cell 1 ITPR3
Apical cell membrane 2 AKR1A1, LCT
pore complex 1 BCL2
focal adhesion 1 CAT
Peroxisome 1 CAT
basement membrane 1 LAD1
sarcoplasmic reticulum 1 ITPR3
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ELANE
secretory granule 1 ELANE
lateral plasma membrane 1 ATP2B1
nuclear outer membrane 1 ITPR3
receptor complex 1 ITPR3
cell projection 1 ATP2B1
Cell projection, cilium, flagellum 1 SORD
Basolateral cell membrane 1 ATP2B1
endosome lumen 1 INS
Lipid droplet 1 LIPE
Membrane, caveola 1 LIPE
tertiary granule membrane 1 GAA
Presynaptic cell membrane 1 ATP2B1
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule lumen 2 CAT, INS
secretory granule membrane 1 ITPR3
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 INS
transcription repressor complex 1 ELANE
specific granule lumen 1 ELANE
transport vesicle 1 INS
azurophil granule membrane 1 GAA
azurophil granule lumen 2 AGA, ELANE
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
immunological synapse 1 ATP2B1
platelet dense tubular network membrane 1 ITPR3
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane 1 GAA
external side of apical plasma membrane 1 LCT
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle membrane 1 ITPR3
glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex 2 GATB, GATC
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 ELANE
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane 1 LAD1
transport vesicle membrane 1 ITPR3
catalase complex 1 CAT
autolysosome lumen 1 GAA
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
photoreceptor ribbon synapse 1 ATP2B1
cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane 1 ITPR3


文献列表

  • Tao Wen, Penghao Xie, C Ryan Penton, Lauren Hale, Linda S Thomashow, Shengdie Yang, Zhexu Ding, Yaqi Su, Jun Yuan, Qirong Shen. Specific metabolites drive the deterministic assembly of diseased rhizosphere microbiome through weakening microbial degradation of autotoxin. Microbiome. 2022 10; 10(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01375-z. [PMID: 36271396]
  • Yoichi Wada, Natsuko Arai-Ichinoi, Atsuo Kikuchi, Shigeo Kure. β-Galactosidase therapy can mitigate blood galactose elevation after an oral lactose load in galactose mutarotase deficiency. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2022 03; 45(2):334-339. doi: 10.1002/jimd.12444. [PMID: 34611916]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Yuling Zhang, Hui Wang, Fangjuan Li, Xinxin Xu, Baogui Chen, Tao Zhang. Inhibitory effects of Dulcitol on rat C6 glioma by regulating autophagy pathway. Natural product research. 2020 May; 34(10):1437-1441. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1512994. [PMID: 30445865]
  • Xiao Lin Lin, Kai Li, Zhuo Yang, Baogui Chen, Tao Zhang. Dulcitol suppresses proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating SIRT1/p53 pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2020 Jan; 66(?):153112. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153112. [PMID: 31786318]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-Tang Gong, Hong Tang, Lei Pan. Sugar Alcohols of Polyol Pathway Serve as Alarmins to Mediate Local-Systemic Innate Immune Communication in Drosophila. Cell host & microbe. 2019 Aug; 26(2):240-251.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. [PMID: 31350199]
  • Alina Grama, Ligia Blaga, Alina Nicolescu, Călin Deleanu, Mariela Militaru, Simona Sorana Căinap, Irina Pop, Georgia Tita, Claudia Sîrbe, Otilia Fufezan, Mihaela Adela Vințan, Romana Vulturar, Tudor Lucian Pop. Novel Mutation in GALT Gene in Galactosemia Patient with Group B Streptococcus Meningitis and Acute Liver Failure. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2019 Apr; 55(4):. doi: 10.3390/medicina55040091. [PMID: 30987402]
  • Nathalie Vionnet, Linda H Münger, Carola Freiburghaus, Kathryn J Burton, Grégory Pimentel, François P Pralong, René Badertscher, Guy Vergères. Assessment of lactase activity in humans by measurement of galactitol and galactonate in serum and urine after milk intake. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2019 02; 109(2):470-477. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy296. [PMID: 30721917]
  • Mili Thakur, Faten Shaeib, Sana N Khan, Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr, Roohi Jeelani, Sarah R Aldhaheri, Bernard Gonik, Husam M Abu-Soud. Galactose and its Metabolites Deteriorate Metaphase II Mouse Oocyte Quality and Subsequent Embryo Development by Disrupting the Spindle Structure. Scientific reports. 2017 03; 7(1):231. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00159-y. [PMID: 28331195]
  • Byung-Chun Kim, Byoung Seung Jeon, Seil Kim, Hyunook Kim, Youngsoon Um, Byoung-In Sang. Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium capable of producing caproic acid from galactitol, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2015 Dec; 65(12):4902-4908. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000665. [PMID: 26474980]
  • Ciddi Veeresham, Ajmeera Rama Rao, Kaleab Asres. Aldose reductase inhibitors of plant origin. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2014 Mar; 28(3):317-33. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5000. [PMID: 23674239]
  • Peng Zhang, Zifeng Zhang, Peter F Kador. Polyol effects on growth factors and MAPK signaling in rat retinal capillary cells. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2014 Feb; 30(1):4-11. doi: 10.1089/jop.2013.0170. [PMID: 24256145]
  • Aifric O'Sullivan, Xuan He, Elizabeth M S McNiven, Neill W Haggarty, Bo Lönnerdal, Carolyn M Slupsky. Early diet impacts infant rhesus gut microbiome, immunity, and metabolism. Journal of proteome research. 2013 Jun; 12(6):2833-45. doi: 10.1021/pr4001702. [PMID: 23651394]
  • Ajmeera Rama Rao, Ciddi Veeresham, Kaleab Asres. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of four Indian medicinal plant extracts and their major components on rat aldose reductase and generation of advanced glycation endproducts. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 May; 27(5):753-60. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4786. [PMID: 22826152]
  • Ciddi Veeresham, Ettireddy Swetha, Ajmeera Rama Rao, Kaleab Asres. In vitro and in vivo aldose reductase inhibitory activity of standardized extracts and the major constituent of Andrographis paniculata. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 Mar; 27(3):412-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4722. [PMID: 22628202]
  • Tae Hyeon Kim, Jin Kyu Kim, Young-Hee Kang, Jae-Yong Lee, Il Jun Kang, Soon Sung Lim. Aldose reductase inhibitory activity of compounds from Zea mays L. BioMed research international. 2013; 2013(?):727143. doi: 10.1155/2013/727143. [PMID: 23586057]
  • Satish Patel, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra S Chauhan, Vinod K Dixit. An updated review on the parasitic herb of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine. 2012 Mar; 10(3):249-55. doi: 10.3736/jcim20120302. [PMID: 22409913]
  • K P Coss, J C Byrne, D J Coman, B Adamczyk, J L Abrahams, R Saldova, A Y Brown, O Walsh, U Hendroff, C Carolan, P M Rudd, E P Treacy. IgG N-glycans as potential biomarkers for determining galactose tolerance in Classical Galactosaemia. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2012 Feb; 105(2):212-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.10.018. [PMID: 22133299]
  • Tetsuya Iizuka, Toshiki Tamura, Hideki Sezutsu, Keisuke Mase, Eiji Okada, Kiyoshi Asaoka. Genetic analysis of the electrophysiological response to salicin, a bitter substance, in a polyphagous strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori. PloS one. 2012; 7(5):e37549. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037549. [PMID: 22649537]
  • Sayani Banerjee, Pratip Chakraborty, Piyali Saha, Soma Aditya Bandyopadhyay, Sutapa Banerjee, Syed N Kabir. Ovotoxic effects of galactose involve attenuation of follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity and up-regulation of granulosa cell p53 expression. PloS one. 2012; 7(2):e30709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030709. [PMID: 22319579]
  • Hong Mei Li, Jin Kyu Kim, Jai Man Jang, Sang Oh Kwon, Cheng Bi Cui, Soon Sung Lim. The inhibitory effect of Prunella vulgaris L. on aldose reductase and protein glycation. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. 2012; 2012(?):928159. doi: 10.1155/2012/928159. [PMID: 23091363]
  • Jieping Qin, Jun Feng, Yaohua Li, Kefeng Mo, Shiying Lu. Ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and HILIC-ELSD analysis of ginsenoside Rb(1), astragaloside IV and dulcitol in sugar-free "Fufangfufangteng Heji". Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2011 Dec; 56(4):836-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.033. [PMID: 21840664]
  • Djalma Menezes-de-Oliveira, Maria-Isabel Aguilar, Beatriz King-Díaz, Sidney Augusto Vieira-Filho, Lucinier Pains-Duarte, Grácia-Divina de Fátima Silva, Blas Lotina-Hennsen. The triterpenes 3β-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol and 3β-lup-20(29)-en-3-yl acetate and the carbohydrate 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa-O-acetyl-dulcitol as photosynthesis light reactions inhibitors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2011 Dec; 16(12):9939-56. doi: 10.3390/molecules16129939. [PMID: 22134400]
  • K Krabbi, M-L Uudelepp, K Joost, R Zordania, K Õunap. Long-term complications in Estonian galactosemia patients with a less strict lactose-free diet and metabolic control. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2011 Jul; 103(3):249-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.03.023. [PMID: 21501963]
  • Tomiko Kuhara, Morimasa Ohse, Yoshito Inoue, Arthur J L Cooper. A GC/MS-based metabolomic approach for diagnosing citrin deficiency. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2011 Jun; 400(7):1881-94. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-4766-0. [PMID: 21365350]
  • Julia B Hennermann, Peter Schadewaldt, Barbara Vetter, Yoon S Shin, Eberhard Mönch, Jeannette Klein. Features and outcome of galactokinase deficiency in children diagnosed by newborn screening. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2011 Apr; 34(2):399-407. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9270-8. [PMID: 21290184]
  • Eric Lyons, Michael Freeling, Sydney Kustu, William Inwood. Using genomic sequencing for classical genetics in E. coli K12. PloS one. 2011 Feb; 6(2):e16717. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016717. [PMID: 21364914]
  • Katerina I Kalliampakou, Evangelia D Kouri, Haralabia Boleti, Ourania Pavli, Laurence Maurousset, Michael K Udvardi, Panagiotis Katinakis, Rémi Lemoine, Emmanouil Flemetakis. Cloning and functional characterization of LjPLT4, a plasma membrane xylitol H(+)- symporter from Lotus japonicus. Molecular membrane biology. 2011 Jan; 28(1):1-13. doi: 10.3109/09687688.2010.500626. [PMID: 21219252]
  • Jia Liu, Lawrence Litt, Mark R Segal, Mark J S Kelly, Jeffrey G Pelton, Myungwon Kim. Metabolomics of oxidative stress in recent studies of endogenous and exogenously administered intermediate metabolites. International journal of molecular sciences. 2011; 12(10):6469-501. doi: 10.3390/ijms12106469. [PMID: 22072900]
  • Anil Kumar, Atish Prakash, Samrita Dogra. Centella asiatica Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice. International journal of Alzheimer's disease. 2011; 2011(?):347569. doi: 10.4061/2011/347569. [PMID: 21629743]
  • Hui Sun, Alla Lapidus, Matt Nolan, Susan Lucas, Tijana Glavina Del Rio, Hope Tice, Jan-Fang Cheng, Roxane Tapia, Cliff Han, Lynne Goodwin, Sam Pitluck, Ioanna Pagani, Natalia Ivanova, Konstantinos Mavromatis, Natalia Mikhailova, Amrita Pati, Amy Chen, Krishna Palaniappan, Miriam Land, Loren Hauser, Yun-Juan Chang, Cynthia D Jeffries, Olivier Duplex Ngatchou Djao, Manfred Rohde, Johannes Sikorski, Markus Göker, Tanja Woyke, James Bristow, Jonathan A Eisen, Victor Markowitz, Philip Hugenholtz, Nikos C Kyrpides, Hans-Peter Klenk. Complete genome sequence of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei type strain (IMRU 509). Standards in genomic sciences. 2010 Nov; 3(3):325-36. doi: 10.4056/sigs.1363462. [PMID: 21304737]
  • Can Ficicioglu, Christie Hussa, Paul R Gallagher, Nina Thomas, Claire Yager. Monitoring of biochemical status in children with Duarte galactosemia: utility of galactose, galactitol, galactonate, and galactose 1-phosphate. Clinical chemistry. 2010 Jul; 56(7):1177-82. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.144097. [PMID: 20489133]
  • Handan Cakmakci, Yeliz Pekcevik, Uluc Yis, Aycan Unalp, Semra Kurul. Diagnostic value of proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in childhood inherited neurometabolic brain diseases and review of the literature. European journal of radiology. 2010 Jun; 74(3):e161-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.05.048. [PMID: 19540689]
  • James Stangoulis, Max Tate, Robin Graham, Martin Bucknall, Lachlan Palmer, Berin Boughton, Robert Reid. The mechanism of boron mobility in wheat and canola phloem. Plant physiology. 2010 Jun; 153(2):876-81. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.155655. [PMID: 20413647]
  • Marianne Lebbad, Jens G Mattsson, Bodil Christensson, Bitte Ljungström, Annette Backhans, Jan O Andersson, Staffan G Svärd. From mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of Giardia isolates from various animal species. Veterinary parasitology. 2010 Mar; 168(3-4):231-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.003. [PMID: 19969422]
  • Maria Schubert, Anna N Melnikova, Nikola Mesecke, Elena K Zubkova, Rocco Fortte, Denis R Batashev, Inga Barth, Norbert Sauer, Yuri V Gamalei, Natalia S Mamushina, Lutz F Tietze, Olga V Voitsekhovskaja, Katharina Pawlowski. Two novel disaccharides, rutinose and methylrutinose, are involved in carbon metabolism in Datisca glomerata. Planta. 2010 Feb; 231(3):507-21. doi: 10.1007/s00425-009-1049-5. [PMID: 19915863]
  • Khaled Elbanna, Medhat Elbadry, Hosny Gamal-Eldin. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of rhizobia that nodulate snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Egyptian soils. Systematic and applied microbiology. 2009 Oct; 32(7):522-30. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.07.006. [PMID: 19682816]
  • Chao Liu, Shao-Min Zhong, Ruo-Yun Chen, Yan Wu, Xue-Jun Zhu. Two new compounds from the dried tender stems of Cinnamomum cassia. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2009 Sep; 11(9):845-9. doi: 10.1080/10286020903185942. [PMID: 20183334]
  • Hui Cai, Rebecca Thompson, Mateo F Budinich, Jeff R Broadbent, James L Steele. Genome sequence and comparative genome analysis of Lactobacillus casei: insights into their niche-associated evolution. Genome biology and evolution. 2009 Jul; 1(?):239-57. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evp019. [PMID: 20333194]
  • Shiek Ssj Ahmed, Winkins Santosh, Suresh Kumar, Hema T Thanka Christlet. Metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease: evidence of biomarker from gene expression analysis and rapid neural network detection. Journal of biomedical science. 2009 Jul; 16(?):63. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-63. [PMID: 19594911]
  • Wen-Jun Wei, Yan-Ping Liu. [Optimal extraction of melampyrit from Euonymus fortunei by central composite design-response surface methodology]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2009 Jun; 32(6):972-4. doi: ". [PMID: 19764338]
  • Takashi Nakase, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Somjit Am-In, Shinya Ninomiya, Hiroko Kawasaki, Savitree Limtong. Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species isolated in Thailand. FEMS yeast research. 2009 Jun; 9(4):663-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00512.x. [PMID: 19416367]
  • Joanne Hughes, Stephanie Ryan, Deborah Lambert, Olivia Geoghegan, Anne Clark, Yvonne Rogers, Una Hendroff, Ahmad Monavari, Eilish Twomey, Eileen P Treacy. Outcomes of siblings with classical galactosemia. The Journal of pediatrics. 2009 May; 154(5):721-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.052. [PMID: 19181333]
  • Yong Jiang, Peng-Fei Tu. Analysis of chemical constituents in Cistanche species. Journal of chromatography. A. 2009 Mar; 1216(11):1970-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.031. [PMID: 18691718]
  • Bi-Yan Liang, Shu-Yuan Li, Su-Qin Sun. [Study of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch and Celastrus orbiculatus thunb by FTIR spectrum]. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu. 2009 Feb; 29(2):313-7. doi: ". [PMID: 19445193]
  • Popavath Ravindra Naik, Gurusamy Raman, Kannan Badri Narayanan, Natarajan Sakthivel. Assessment of genetic and functional diversity of phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil. BMC microbiology. 2008 Dec; 8(?):230. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-230. [PMID: 19099598]
  • Can Ficicioglu, Nina Thomas, Claire Yager, Paul R Gallagher, Christie Hussa, Andrea Mattie, Debra L Day-Salvatore, Brian J Forbes. Duarte (DG) galactosemia: a pilot study of biochemical and neurodevelopmental assessment in children detected by newborn screening. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2008 Dec; 95(4):206-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.09.005. [PMID: 18976948]
  • Jian-Hu Yang, Jun-Ping Hu, Kasimu Rena, Nian-Sheng Du. [Studies on chemical constituents of cultivated Cistanche salsa]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2008 Nov; 31(11):1663-5. doi: . [PMID: 19260275]
  • Reno C Reyes, Vladimir Parpura. Mitochondria modulate Ca2+-dependent glutamate release from rat cortical astrocytes. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2008 Sep; 28(39):9682-91. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.3484-08.2008. [PMID: 18815254]
  • Leticia Eligio-García, Adrián Cortés-Campos, Enedina Jiménez-Cardoso. Classification of Giardia intestinalis isolates by multiple polymerase chain reaction (multiplex). Parasitology research. 2008 Sep; 103(4):797-800. doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-1042-0. [PMID: 18551318]
  • Joice M Cunha, Corinne G Jolivalt, Khara M Ramos, Joshua A Gregory, Nigel A Calcutt, Andrew P Mizisin. Elevated lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation in nerve from diabetic rats: effects of aldose reductase inhibition, insulin, and neurotrophic factors. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2008 Jul; 57(7):873-81. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.021. [PMID: 18555826]
  • Hidetoshi Morita, Hidehiro Toh, Shinji Fukuda, Hiroshi Horikawa, Kenshiro Oshima, Takehito Suzuki, Masaru Murakami, Shin Hisamatsu, Yukio Kato, Tatsuya Takizawa, Hideo Fukuoka, Tetsuhiko Yoshimura, Kikuji Itoh, Daniel J O'Sullivan, Larry L McKay, Hiroshi Ohno, Jun Kikuchi, Toshio Masaoka, Masahira Hattori. Comparative genome analysis of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum reveal a genomic island for reuterin and cobalamin production. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes. 2008 Jun; 15(3):151-61. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dsn009. [PMID: 18487258]
  • Jan Nadwodnik, Gertrud Lohaus. Subcellular concentrations of sugar alcohols and sugars in relation to phloem translocation in Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Prunus persica, and Apium graveolens. Planta. 2008 Apr; 227(5):1079-89. doi: 10.1007/s00425-007-0682-0. [PMID: 18188589]
  • François Feillet, Marc Merten, Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu, Daniel Rabier, Keiko Kobayashi, Jean Straczek, Michèle Brivet, Elisabeth Favre, Jean-Louis Guéant. Evidence of cataplerosis in a patient with neonatal classical galactosemia presenting as citrin deficiency. Journal of hepatology. 2008 Mar; 48(3):517-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.016. [PMID: 18207281]
  • Sven Guddat, Mario Thevis, Wilhelm Schänzer. Identification and quantification of the osmodiuretic mannitol in urine for sports drug testing using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England). 2008; 14(3):127-33. doi: 10.1255/ejms.918. [PMID: 18708692]
  • Miyako Kusano, Atsushi Fukushima, Masanori Arita, Pär Jonsson, Thomas Moritz, Makoto Kobayashi, Naomi Hayashi, Takayuki Tohge, Kazuki Saito. Unbiased characterization of genotype-dependent metabolic regulations by metabolomic approach in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC systems biology. 2007 Nov; 1(?):53. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-1-53. [PMID: 18028551]
  • Kundimi Sreenath, Yeldur P Venkatesh. Reductively aminated D-xylose-albumin conjugate as the immunogen for generation of IgG and IgE antibodies specific to D-xylitol, a haptenic allergen. Bioconjugate chemistry. 2007 Nov; 18(6):1995-2003. doi: 10.1021/bc700175g. [PMID: 17979222]
  • Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio, Cristina Setim Freitas, Gláucia de Martini Otofuji, Thales Ricardo Cipriani, Lauro Mera de Souza, Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki, Marcello Iacomini, Maria Consuelo Andrade Marques, Sonia Mesia-Vela. Flavonoid-rich fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reiss protects the gastric mucosa of rodents through inhibition of both H+,K+ -ATPase activity and formation of nitric oxide. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Sep; 113(3):433-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.015. [PMID: 17706386]
  • Hong Cai, Zhong Bao, Yong Jiang, Xin-yi Wang, Xing-tu Fan, Maitirouzi Aierken, Peng-fei Tu. [Study on processing method of Cistanche tubulosa]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2007 Jul; 32(13):1289-91. doi: ". [PMID: 17879727]
  • Peter Roessingh, Sen Xu, Steph B J Menken. Olfactory receptors on the maxillary palps of small ermine moth larvae: evolutionary history of benzaldehyde sensitivity. Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology. 2007 Jun; 193(6):635-47. doi: 10.1007/s00359-007-0218-x. [PMID: 17372741]
  • A Ohlsson, J Nasiell, U von Döbeln. Pregnancy and lactation in a woman with classical galactosaemia heterozygous for p.Q188R and p.R333W. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2007 Feb; 30(1):105. doi: 10.1007/s10545-006-0383-z. [PMID: 17143577]
  • Carlos Conde, Paulo Silva, Alice Agasse, Rémi Lemoine, Serge Delrot, Rui Tavares, Hernâni Gerós. Utilization and transport of mannitol in Olea europaea and implications for salt stress tolerance. Plant & cell physiology. 2007 Jan; 48(1):42-53. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcl035. [PMID: 17118948]
  • Suzanne Wehrli, Robert Reynolds, Stanton Segal. Metabolic fate of administered [13C]galactose in tissues of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficient mice determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2007 Jan; 90(1):42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.07.007. [PMID: 16935536]
  • Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Antone R Opekun, William J Craigen. Two familial cases of high blood galactose of unknown aetiology. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2006 Dec; 29(6):762. doi: 10.1007/s10545-006-0405-x. [PMID: 16988899]
  • Irfan Erol, Kwang-Cheol Jeong, David J Baumler, Boris Vykhodets, Sang Ho Choi, Charles W Kaspar. H-NS controls metabolism and stress tolerance in Escherichia coli O157:H7 that influence mouse passage. BMC microbiology. 2006 Aug; 6(?):72. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-72. [PMID: 16911800]
  • Claire Yager, Suzanne Wehrli, Stanton Segal. Urinary galactitol and galactonate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2006 Apr; 366(1-2):216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.015. [PMID: 16336956]
  • Yuan-Zong Song, Hu Hao, Miharu Ushikai, Guo-Sheng Liu, Xin Xiao, Takeyori Saheki, Keiko Kobayashi, Zi-Neng Wang. [A difficult and complicated case study: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics. 2006 Apr; 8(2):125-8. doi: . [PMID: 16613706]
  • G-X Rao, Y-L Gao, Y-P Lin, Y-L Xiao, S-H Li, H-D Sun. Chemical constituents of Selinum cryptotaenium. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2006 Apr; 8(3):273-5. doi: 10.1080/1028602042000325555. [PMID: 16864434]
  • Jeongae Lee, Bong Chul Chung. Simultaneous measurement of urinary polyols using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2006 Feb; 831(1-2):126-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.043. [PMID: 16356788]
  • M C G Otaduy, C C Leite, M T C Lacerda, M O R Costa, F Arita, E Prado, S Rosemberg. Proton MR spectroscopy and imaging of a galactosemic patient before and after dietary treatment. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 2006 Jan; 27(1):204-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 16418384]
  • Boonchai Boonyawat, Mahattana Kamolsilp, Nopaorn Phavichitr. Galactosemia in Thai patient at Phramongkutklao Hospital: a case report. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 2005 Nov; 88 Suppl 3(?):S275-80. doi: NULL. [PMID: 16858969]
  • Yinghua Zhang, Chong Li, Chengzhong Zhang, Baoquan Tao. [Study on the chemical constituents of Buddleja purdomii]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2005 Nov; 28(11):994-5. doi: ". [PMID: 16514886]
  • Keith R Ridel, Nancy D Leslie, Donald L Gilbert. An updated review of the long-term neurological effects of galactosemia. Pediatric neurology. 2005 Sep; 33(3):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.02.015. [PMID: 16087312]
  • Yang Zhang, Teng Wen, Juan Lin, Zhi Xie, Shutao Liu, Pingfan Rao. [Characterization and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum by ion-exchange chromatography]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2005 Jul; 23(4):418-21. doi: ". [PMID: 16250457]
  • Wei Xiang, Rong-Tao Li, Yun-Ling Mao, Hong-Jie Zhang, Sheng-Hong Li, Qi-Shi Song, Han-Dong Sun. Four new prenylated isoflavonoids in Tadehagi triquetrum. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Jan; 53(2):267-71. doi: 10.1021/jf0483117. [PMID: 15656660]
  • M M C Wamelink, D E C Smith, C Jakobs, N M Verhoeven. Analysis of polyols in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a useful tool for recognition of inborn errors affecting polyol metabolism. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2005; 28(6):951-63. doi: 10.1007/s10545-005-0233-4. [PMID: 16435188]
  • C O Zlatunich, S Packman. Galactosaemia: early treatment with an elemental formula. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2005; 28(2):163-8. doi: 10.1007/s10545-005-5516-2. [PMID: 15877205]
  • A M Bosch, H D Bakker, L J M de B Wenniger-Prick, R J A Wanders, F A Wijburg. High tolerance for oral galactose in classical galactosaemia: dietary implications. Archives of disease in childhood. 2004 Nov; 89(11):1034-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.037671. [PMID: 15499058]
  • V L Hegde, Y P Venkatesh. Anaphylaxis to excipient mannitol: evidence for an immunoglobulin E-mediated mechanism. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004 Oct; 34(10):1602-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02079.x. [PMID: 15479277]
  • Junya Watari, Yoshihiro Kobae, Shohei Yamaki, Kunio Yamada, Kyoko Toyofuku, Toshihito Tabuchi, Katsuhiro Shiratake. Identification of sorbitol transporters expressed in the phloem of apple source leaves. Plant & cell physiology. 2004 Aug; 45(8):1032-41. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pch121. [PMID: 15356329]
  • Peter Schadewaldt, Hans-Werner Hammen, Sara Stolpmann, Loganathan Kamalanathan, Udo Wendel. Galactonate determination in urine by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2004 Mar; 801(2):249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.020. [PMID: 14751793]
  • Claire Yager, Cong Ning, Robert Reynolds, Nancy Leslie, Stanton Segal. Galactitol and galactonate accumulation in heart and skeletal muscle of mice with deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2004 Feb; 81(2):105-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2003.10.001. [PMID: 14741191]
  • Peter Schadewaldt, Loganathan Kamalanathan, Hans Werner Hammen, Udo Wendel. Age dependence of endogenous galactose formation in Q188R homozygous galactosemic patients. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2004 Jan; 81(1):31-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2003.10.007. [PMID: 14728989]
  • J W C M Cruz, M W Soto-Suazo, T C Hohman, E H Akamine, T T Zorn, Z B Fortes. Minalrestat and leukocyte migration in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2003 May; 19(3):223-31. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.376. [PMID: 12789656]
  • Amy Leigh Webb, Rani H Singh, Mary Jane Kennedy, Louis J Elsas. Verbal dyspraxia and galactosemia. Pediatric research. 2003 Mar; 53(3):396-402. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000049666.19532.1b. [PMID: 12595586]
  • Peter Schadewaldt, Loganathan Kamalanathan, Hans-Werner Hammen, Udo Wendel. Stable-isotope dilution analysis of galactose metabolites in human erythrocytes. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2003; 17(24):2833-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.1272. [PMID: 14673834]
  • P Schadewaldt, S Killius, L Kamalanathan, H W Hammen, K Strassburger, U Wendel. Renal excretion of galactose and galactitol in patients with classical galactosaemia, obligate heterozygous parents and healthy subjects. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2003; 26(5):459-79. doi: 10.1023/a:1025173311030. [PMID: 14518827]
  • Ummuhan Sebnem Harput, Iclal Saracoglu, Akito Nagatsu, Yukio Ogihara. Iridoid glucosides from Veronica hederifolia. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2002 Aug; 50(8):1106-8. doi: 10.1248/cpb.50.1106. [PMID: 12192146]
  • Jithan V Aukunuru, Gangadhar Sunkara, Surya P Ayalasomayajula, Jack DeRuiter, Randall C Clark, Uday B Kompella. A biodegradable injectable implant sustains systemic and ocular delivery of an aldose reductase inhibitor and ameliorates biochemical changes in a galactose-fed rat model for diabetic complications. Pharmaceutical research. 2002 Mar; 19(3):278-85. doi: 10.1023/a:1014438800893. [PMID: 11934234]
  • Ismail Kurt, Muhittin Serdar, Fatih Mutlu, Atilla Bayer, J T Allen, Turker Kutluay. Galactokinase deficiency: a case report. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. 2002 Jan; 39(1):41-3. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020101-09. [PMID: 11859915]
  • P F Kador, G Sun, V K Rait, L Rodriguez, Y Ma, K Sugiyama. Intrinsic inhibition of aldose reductase. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2001 Aug; 17(4):373-81. doi: 10.1089/108076801753162780. [PMID: 11572468]
  • C Ning, R Reynolds, J Chen, C Yager, G T Berry, N Leslie, S Segal. Galactose metabolism in mice with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency: sucklings and 7-week-old animals fed a high-galactose diet. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2001 Apr; 72(4):306-15. doi: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3152. [PMID: 11286504]
  • K Katsura, H Kawasaki, W Potacharoen, S Saono, T Seki, Y Yamada, T Uchimura, K Komagata. Asaia siamensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2001 Mar; 51(Pt 2):559-563. doi: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-559. [PMID: 11321102]
  • A Viestenz, G C Gusek-Schneider, A G Jünemann, Y S Shin, G O Naumann. [Early childhood cataract in hereditary UDP-galactose-4-epimerase deficiency--a case report]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde. 2001 Feb; 218(2):121-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-12256. [PMID: 11258124]
  • M Murata, N Ohta, S Sakurai, S Alam, J Tsai, P F Kador, S Sato. The role of aldose reductase in sugar cataract formation: aldose reductase plays a key role in lens epithelial cell death (apoptosis). Chemico-biological interactions. 2001 Jan; 130-132(1-3):617-25. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00289-1. [PMID: 11306080]
  • C Ning, S Segal. Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2000 Nov; 49(11):1460-6. doi: 10.1053/meta.2000.9512. [PMID: 11092512]
  • Y Ohta, T Yamasaki, T Niwa, Y Majima. Preventive effect of vitamin E-containing liposome instillation on cataract progression in 12-month-old rats fed a 25\% galactose diet. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2000 Aug; 16(4):323-35. doi: 10.1089/jop.2000.16.323. [PMID: 10977128]
  • M Budde, G C Gusek-Schneider, A Jünemann, F Jansen, Y S Shin. [Familial cataract in plasma galactitol increase without known enzyme defect]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde. 1999 Oct; 215(4):255-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034710. [PMID: 10572890]