Phytoene (BioDeep_00000003690)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000402956, BioDeep_00000638838, BioDeep_00001868970, BioDeep_00001890637

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


(6E,10E,14E,16E,18E,22E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene

化学式: C40H64 (544.5007744)
中文名称: 植物烯
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Bos taurus(blood) 0.5%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-08-13.

Cite this Page

Phytoene. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/phytoene (retrieved 2024-11-05) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000003690). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CCC=C(C)C)/C)/C)/C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C40H64/c1-33(2)19-13-23-37(7)27-17-31-39(9)29-15-25-35(5)21-11-12-22-36(6)26-16-30-40(10)32-18-28-38(8)24-14-20-34(3)4/h11-12,19-22,27-30H,13-18,23-26,31-32H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,35-21+,36-22+,37-27+,38-28+,39-29+,40-30+

描述信息

Phytoene, also known as all-trans-phytoene or 15-cis-phytoene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, phytoene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Phytoene can be found in a number of food items such as turmeric, garden onion, winter squash, and coconut, which makes phytoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phytoene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. Phytoene (FY-toe-een) is a 40-carbon intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. The synthesis of phytoene is the first committed step in the synthesis of carotenoids in plants. Phytoene is produced from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) by the action of the enzyme phytoene synthase. The two GGPP molecules are condensed together followed by removal of diphosphate and proton shift leading to the formation of phytoene .
Phytoene, also known as 7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-octahydrocarotene, is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396).
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

同义名列表

11 个代谢物同义名

(6E,10E,14E,16E,18E,22E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene; all-trans-7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-Octahydro-lycopene; 7,7’,8,8’,11,11’,12,12’-octahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene; 7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-Octahydro-psi,psi-carotene; 7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-Octahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene; all-trans-Phytoene; (all-e) Phytoene; (all-e)-Phytoene; trans-Phytoene; phytoenes; Phytoene



数据库引用编号

20 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

180 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(180)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

28 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Guillermo Sobrino-Mengual, Derry Alvarez, Richard M Twyman, Christopher Gerrish, Paul D Fraser, Teresa Capell, Paul Christou. Activation of the native PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 promoter by modifying near-miss cis-acting elements induces carotenoid biosynthesis in embryogenic rice callus. Plant cell reports. 2024 Apr; 43(5):118. doi: 10.1007/s00299-024-03199-7. [PMID: 38632121]
  • Ariadna Iglesias-Sanchez, Juan Navarro-Carcelen, Luca Morelli, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion. Arabidopsis FIBRILLIN6 influences carotenoid biosynthesis by directly promoting phytoene synthase activity. Plant physiology. 2023 Nov; ?(?):. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad613. [PMID: 37966976]
  • Miguel Ezquerro, Esteban Burbano-Erazo, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion. Overlapping and specialized roles of tomato phytoene synthases in carotenoid and abscisic acid production. Plant physiology. 2023 Jul; ?(?):. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad425. [PMID: 37474108]
  • Pedro Brivaldo Viana da Silva, Lívia Beatriz Brenelli, Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti. Waste and by-products as sources of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene - Integrative review with bibliometric analysis. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.). 2023 07; 169(?):112838. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112838. [PMID: 37254412]
  • Ming-Hua Liang, Shan-Rong Xie, Jv-Liang Dai, Hao-Hong Chen, Jian-Guo Jiang. Roles of Two Phytoene Synthases and Orange Protein in Carotenoid Metabolism of the β-Carotene-Accumulating Dunaliella salina. Microbiology spectrum. 2023 Apr; ?(?):e0006923. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00069-23. [PMID: 37022233]
  • Yuto Oogo, Miho Takemura, Atsushi Sakamoto, Norihiko Misawa, Hiroshi Shimada. Orange protein, phytoene synthase regulator, has protein disulfide reductase activity. Plant signaling & behavior. 2022 12; 17(1):2072094. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2072094. [PMID: 35699140]
  • Labodé Hospice Naitchede, Aggrey Bernard Nyende, Steven Runo. Transcript expression level analysis of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase associated with β-carotene content in selected Kenyan Bitter melon. Molecular biology reports. 2022 Dec; 49(12):12029-12037. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-08020-w. [PMID: 36273337]
  • Micaela Cerletti, Agustín Rabino, Roberto A Paggi, Celeste Ferrari, Ansgar Poetsch, Harri Savilahti, Saija Kiljunen, Rosana E De Castro. The C-terminal region of phytoene synthase is a key element to control carotenoid biosynthesis in the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii. The Biochemical journal. 2022 11; 479(22):2365-2377. doi: 10.1042/bcj20220403. [PMID: 36373632]
  • Xiongjie Zheng, Jianing Mi, Aparna Balakrishna, Kit Xi Liew, Abdugaffor Ablazov, Rachid Sougrat, Salim Al-Babili. Gardenia carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a is an efficient tool for biotechnological production of crocins in green and non-green plant tissues. Plant biotechnology journal. 2022 11; 20(11):2202-2216. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13901. [PMID: 35997958]
  • Katja Frede, Susanne Baldermann. Accumulation of carotenoids in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis by a high proportion of blue in the light spectrum. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. 2022 Nov; 21(11):1947-1959. doi: 10.1007/s43630-022-00270-8. [PMID: 35895283]
  • Yu Zhang, Huangying Shu, Muhammad Ali Mumtaz, Yuanyuan Hao, Lin Li, Yongjie He, Weiheng Jin, Caichao Li, Yan Zhou, Xu Lu, Huizhen Fu, Zhiwei Wang. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Color Changes during Fruit Development of Pepper (Capsicum baccatum). International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Oct; 23(20):. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012524. [PMID: 36293402]
  • Fan Li, Xiaowei Gong, Yupeng Liang, Lijuan Peng, Xiulin Han, Mengliang Wen. Characteristics of a new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase NtCCD10 derived from Nicotiana tabacum. Planta. 2022 Oct; 256(5):100. doi: 10.1007/s00425-022-04013-y. [PMID: 36251100]
  • Xufeng Fang, Peng Gao, Feishi Luan, Shi Liu. Identification and Characterization Roles of Phytoene Synthase (PSY) Genes in Watermelon Development. Genes. 2022 07; 13(7):. doi: 10.3390/genes13071189. [PMID: 35885972]
  • Prateek Gupta, Marta Rodriguez-Franco, Reddaiah Bodanapu, Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi, Rameshwar Sharma. Phytoene synthase 2 in tomato fruits remains functional and contributes to abscisic acid formation. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology. 2022 Mar; 316(?):111177. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111177. [PMID: 35151443]
  • Sandra Rizk, Petra Henke, Carlos Santana-Molina, Gesa Martens, Marén Gnädig, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Damien P Devos, Meina Neumann-Schaal, James P Saenz. Functional diversity of isoprenoid lipids in Methylobacterium extorquens PA1. Molecular microbiology. 2021 10; 116(4):1064-1078. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14794. [PMID: 34387371]
  • A V Shchennikova, E A Dyachenko, G I Efremov, M A Filyushin, E Z Kochieva. Variability and Phylogeny of the Pepper Phytoene Synthase Paralogs PSY1 and PSY2 in Species of Various Capsicum Complexes. Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics. 2020 Nov; 495(1):282-288. doi: 10.1134/s1607672920060137. [PMID: 33368035]
  • Briardo Llorente, Salvador Torres-Montilla, Luca Morelli, Igor Florez-Sarasa, José Tomás Matus, Miguel Ezquerro, Lucio D'Andrea, Fakhreddine Houhou, Eszter Majer, Belén Picó, Jaime Cebolla, Adrian Troncoso, Alisdair R Fernie, José-Antonio Daròs, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion. Synthetic conversion of leaf chloroplasts into carotenoid-rich plastids reveals mechanistic basis of natural chromoplast development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 09; 117(35):21796-21803. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004405117. [PMID: 32817419]
  • Upasna Chettry, Nikhil K Chrungoo. A multifocal approach towards understanding the complexities of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice grains. Briefings in functional genomics. 2020 07; 19(4):324-335. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa007. [PMID: 32240289]
  • So-Jeong Jang, Hyo-Bong Jeong, Ayoung Jung, Min-Young Kang, Suna Kim, Sun-Hwa Ha, Jin-Kyung Kwon, Byoung-Cheorl Kang. Phytoene synthase 2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in the control of color in Capsicum fruit. Journal of experimental botany. 2020 06; 71(12):3417-3427. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa155. [PMID: 32219321]
  • Julian Koschmieder, Ralf Welsch. Quantification of Carotenoid Pathway Flux in Green and Nongreen Systems. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2020; 2083(?):279-291. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_21. [PMID: 31745929]
  • Lulu Chen, Wenzhen Li, Yongpeng Li, Xuechao Feng, Keyu Du, Ge Wang, Lingxia Zhao. Identified trans-splicing of YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 2 encoding the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 protein alters fruit color by map-based cloning, functional complementation and RACE. Plant molecular biology. 2019 Aug; 100(6):647-658. doi: 10.1007/s11103-019-00886-y. [PMID: 31154655]
  • Janja Kristl, Vilma Sem, Matjaž Kristl, Branko Kramberger, Mario Lešnik. Effects of integrated and organic pest management with copper and copper-free preparations on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) fruit yield, disease incidence and quality. Food chemistry. 2019 Apr; 278(?):342-349. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.079. [PMID: 30583381]
  • Kelly Laje, Mark Seger, Barry Dungan, Peter Cooke, Juergen Polle, F Omar Holguin. Phytoene Accumulation in the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using the Pigment Synthesis Inhibitor Fluridone. Marine drugs. 2019 Mar; 17(3):. doi: 10.3390/md17030187. [PMID: 30909380]
  • Maurizio Camagna, Alexander Grundmann, Cornelia Bär, Julian Koschmieder, Peter Beyer, Ralf Welsch. Enzyme Fusion Removes Competition for Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate in Carotenogenesis. Plant physiology. 2019 03; 179(3):1013-1027. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.01026. [PMID: 30309967]
  • Nancy E Moran, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner, Jessica L Fleming, Joseph P McElroy, Rebecca Mehl, Elizabeth M Grainger, Ken M Riedl, Amanda E Toland, Steven J Schwartz, Steven K Clinton. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 are Associated with Plasma Lycopene Responses to a Tomato-Soy Juice Intervention in Men with Prostate Cancer. The Journal of nutrition. 2019 03; 149(3):381-397. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy304. [PMID: 30801647]
  • Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Charles Desmarchelier, Marielle Margier, Emmanuelle Reboul, Antonio J Meléndez Martínez, Patrick Borel. Phytoene and Phytofluene Isolated from a Tomato Extract are Readily Incorporated in Mixed Micelles and Absorbed by Caco-2 Cells, as Compared to Lycopene, and SR-BI is Involved in their Cellular Uptake. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2018 11; 62(22):e1800703. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800703. [PMID: 30192047]
  • David C Nieman, Courtney L Capps, Christopher R Capps, Zack L Shue, Jennifer E McBride. Effect of 4-Week Ingestion of Tomato-Based Carotenoids on Exercise-Induced Inflammation, Muscle Damage, and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Runners. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2018 May; 28(3):266-273. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0272. [PMID: 29091464]
  • Sheila McCormick. Surprise: The classic white seedling 3 mutant in maize lacks plastoquinone-9 but can still make carotenoids. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2018 03; 93(5):797-798. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13862. [PMID: 29446173]
  • Patrick Schaub, Marta Rodriguez-Franco, Christopher Ian Cazzonelli, Daniel Álvarez, Florian Wüst, Ralf Welsch. Establishment of an Arabidopsis callus system to study the interrelations of biosynthesis, degradation and accumulation of carotenoids. PloS one. 2018; 13(2):e0192158. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192158. [PMID: 29394270]
  • Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Joana Corte-Real, Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez, Torsten Bohn. Bioaccessibility of phytoene and phytofluene is superior to other carotenoids from selected fruit and vegetable juices. Food chemistry. 2017 Aug; 229(?):304-311. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.074. [PMID: 28372178]
  • Anton Brausemann, Sandra Gemmecker, Julian Koschmieder, Sandro Ghisla, Peter Beyer, Oliver Einsle. Structure of Phytoene Desaturase Provides Insights into Herbicide Binding and Reaction Mechanisms Involved in Carotene Desaturation. Structure (London, England : 1993). 2017 08; 25(8):1222-1232.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2017.06.002. [PMID: 28669634]
  • Shota Kato, Mika Soshino, Shinichi Takaichi, Takahiro Ishikawa, Noriko Nagata, Masashi Asahina, Tomoko Shinomura. Suppression of the phytoene synthase gene (EgcrtB) alters carotenoid content and intracellular structure of Euglena gracilis. BMC plant biology. 2017 07; 17(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1066-7. [PMID: 28716091]
  • Julian Koschmieder, Mirjam Fehling-Kaschek, Patrick Schaub, Sandro Ghisla, Anton Brausemann, Jens Timmer, Peter Beyer. Plant-type phytoene desaturase: Functional evaluation of structural implications. PloS one. 2017; 12(11):e0187628. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187628. [PMID: 29176862]
  • Noam Chayut, Hui Yuan, Shachar Ohali, Ayala Meir, Uzi Sa'ar, Galil Tzuri, Yi Zheng, Michael Mazourek, Shimon Gepstein, Xiangjun Zhou, Vitaly Portnoy, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur A Schaffer, Nurit Katzir, Zhangjun Fei, Ralf Welsch, Li Li, Joseph Burger, Yaakov Tadmor. Distinct Mechanisms of the ORANGE Protein in Controlling Carotenoid Flux. Plant physiology. 2017 01; 173(1):376-389. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01256. [PMID: 27837090]
  • Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai, Gianfranco Diretto, Bruno Parisi, Giovanni Giuliano, Mark L Failla. Potential of golden potatoes to improve vitamin A and vitamin E status in developing countries. PloS one. 2017; 12(11):e0187102. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187102. [PMID: 29117188]
  • Sekhar Kambakam, Ujjal Bhattacharjee, Jacob Petrich, Steve Rodermel. PTOX Mediates Novel Pathways of Electron Transport in Etioplasts of Arabidopsis. Molecular plant. 2016 09; 9(9):1240-1259. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.008. [PMID: 27353362]
  • Nancy E Moran, Janet A Novotny, Morgan J Cichon, Kenneth M Riedl, Randy B Rogers, Elizabeth M Grainger, Steven J Schwartz, John W Erdman, Steven K Clinton. Absorption and Distribution Kinetics of the 13C-Labeled Tomato Carotenoid Phytoene in Healthy Adults. The Journal of nutrition. 2016 Feb; 146(2):368-76. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.220525. [PMID: 26674763]
  • Shota Kato, Shinichi Takaichi, Takahiro Ishikawa, Masashi Asahina, Senji Takahashi, Tomoko Shinomura. Identification and functional analysis of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (crtE) and phytoene synthase gene (crtB) for carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis. BMC plant biology. 2016 Jan; 16(?):4. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0698-8. [PMID: 26733341]
  • Kira Lätari, Florian Wüst, Michaela Hübner, Patrick Schaub, Kim Gabriele Beisel, Shizue Matsubara, Peter Beyer, Ralf Welsch. Tissue-Specific Apocarotenoid Glycosylation Contributes to Carotenoid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Leaves. Plant physiology. 2015 Aug; 168(4):1550-62. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00243. [PMID: 26134165]
  • Micaela Cerletti, Roberto A Paggi, Carina Ramallo Guevara, Ansgar Poetsch, Rosana E De Castro. Global role of the membrane protease LonB in Archaea: Potential protease targets revealed by quantitative proteome analysis of a lonB mutant in Haloferax volcanii. Journal of proteomics. 2015 May; 121(?):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.016. [PMID: 25829260]
  • Jessica L Cooperstone, Robin A Ralston, Ken M Riedl, Thomas C Haufe, Ralf M Schweiggert, Samantha A King, Cynthia D Timmers, David M Francis, Gregory B Lesinski, Steven K Clinton, Steven J Schwartz. Enhanced bioavailability of lycopene when consumed as cis-isomers from tangerine compared to red tomato juice, a randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2015 Apr; 59(4):658-69. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400658. [PMID: 25620547]
  • Cuihua Liu, Fuhua Yan, Huijun Gao, Min He, Zhuang Wang, Yunjiang Cheng, Xiuxin Deng, Juan Xu. Features of citrus terpenoid production as revealed by carotenoid, limonoid and aroma profiles of two pummelos (Citrus maxima) with different flesh color. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2015 Jan; 95(1):111-9. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6689. [PMID: 24723118]
  • Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez, Margot Paulino, Carla M Stinco, Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Xiang-Dong Wang. Study of the time-course of cis/trans (Z/E) isomerization of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene from tomato. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014 Dec; 62(51):12399-406. doi: 10.1021/jf5041965. [PMID: 25426993]
  • Yongliang Liu, Shaohua Zeng, Wei Sun, Min Wu, Weiming Hu, Xiaofei Shen, Ying Wang. Comparative analysis of carotenoid accumulation in two goji (Lycium barbarum L. and L. ruthenicum Murr.) fruits. BMC plant biology. 2014 Dec; 14(?):269. doi: 10.1186/s12870-014-0269-4. [PMID: 25511605]
  • Zoran Jeknić, Stevan Jeknić, Slađana Jevremović, Angelina Subotić, Tony H H Chen. Alteration of flower color in Iris germanica L. 'Fire Bride' through ectopic expression of phytoene synthase gene (crtB) from Pantoea agglomerans. Plant cell reports. 2014 Aug; 33(8):1307-21. doi: 10.1007/s00299-014-1617-4. [PMID: 24801678]
  • Muluneh Tamiru, Akira Abe, Hiroe Utsushi, Kakoto Yoshida, Hiroki Takagi, Koki Fujisaki, Jerwin R Undan, Sujay Rakshit, Shinichi Takaichi, Yusuke Jikumaru, Takao Yokota, Matthew J Terry, Ryohei Terauchi. The tillering phenotype of the rice plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) loss-of-function mutant is associated with strigolactone deficiency. The New phytologist. 2014 Apr; 202(1):116-131. doi: 10.1111/nph.12630. [PMID: 24350905]
  • M Águila Ruiz-Sola, Antía Rodríguez-Villalón, Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción. Light-sensitive Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIFs) are not required to regulate phytoene synthase gene expression in the root. Plant signaling & behavior. 2014; 9(8):e29248. doi: 10.4161/psb.29248. [PMID: 25763615]
  • Ada López-Emparán, Daniela Quezada-Martinez, Matías Zúñiga-Bustos, Víctor Cifuentes, Federico Iñiguez-Luy, María Laura Federico. Functional analysis of the Brassica napus L. phytoene synthase (PSY) gene family. PloS one. 2014; 9(12):e114878. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114878. [PMID: 25506829]
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  • B Y Hsu, Y S Pu, B Stephen Inbaraj, B H Chen. An improved high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry method for determination of carotenoids and their precursors phytoene and phytofluene in human serum. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2012 Jun; 899(?):36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.034. [PMID: 22622065]
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