NCBI Taxonomy: 4677

Fucoxanthin

C42H58O6 (658.4233)

Fucoxanthin is an epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a CFTR potentiator, a food antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a hepatoprotective agent, a marine metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an epoxycarotenol, an acetate ester, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a member of allenes. Fucoxanthin is a natural product found in Aequipecten opercularis, Ascidia zara, and other organisms with data available. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid, with formula C40H60O6. It is found as an accessory pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs light primarily in the blue-green to yellow-green part of the visible spectrum, peaking at around 510-525 nm by various estimates and absorbing significantly in the range of 450 to 540 nm. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid, with formula C40H60O6. It is found as an accessory pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs light primarily in the blue-green to yellow-green part of the visible spectrum, peaking at around 510-525 nm by various estimates and absorbing significantly in the range of 450 to 540 nm. -- Wikipedia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3351-86-8 (retrieved 2024-11-06) (CAS RN: 3351-86-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Thymidine

C10H14N2O5 (242.0903)

Deoxythymidine, also known as 2-deoxy-5-methyluridine or 5-methyl-2-deoxyuridine, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deoxythymidine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Deoxythymidine can be synthesized from thymine. Deoxythymidine is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, tritiated thymidine, alpha-tritiated thymidine, and 5,6-dihydrothymidine. Deoxythymidine can be found in a number of food items such as butternut squash, mammee apple, catjang pea, and climbing bean, which makes deoxythymidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Deoxythymidine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including blood, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Deoxythymidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, deoxythymidine is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Deoxythymidine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Moreover, deoxythymidine is found to be associated with canavan disease and degenerative disc disease. Thymidine (deoxythymidine; other names deoxyribosylthymine, thymine deoxyriboside) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Deoxythymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in G1/early S phase . Thymidine, also known as deoxythymidine or deoxyribosylthymine or thymine deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. It consists of the nucleobase thymine attached to deoxyribose through a beta N- glycosidic bond. Thymidine also belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deoxythymidine (or thymidine) is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. Therefore, thymidine is essential to all life. Indeed, thymidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, thymidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, thymidine can be biosynthesized from 5-thymidylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, thymidine can be converted into 5-thymidylic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme thymidine kinase. Deoxythymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating dTMP (deoxythymidine monophosphate), dTDP, or dTTP (for the di- and tri- phosphates, respectively). dTMP can be incorporated into DNA via DNA polymerases. In cell biology, thymidine can be used to synchronize the cells in S phase. Derivatives of thymidine are used in a number of drugs, including Azidothymidine (AZT), which is used in the treatment of HIV infection. AZT inhibits the process of reverse transcription in the human immunodeficiency virus. Thymidine is a pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a thymine. It is an enantiomer of a telbivudine. Thymidine is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Thymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in S phase. Thymidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Thymidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Saussurea medusa, and other organisms with data available. Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose. As a constituent of DNA, thymidine pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix. (NCI04) Thymidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside in which THYMINE is linked to DEOXYRIBOSE. A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. KEIO_ID T014; [MS2] KO009272 KEIO_ID T014 Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication[1][2][3]. Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication[1][2][3].

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is derived by crushing and extracting sugarcane with water or by extracting sugar beet with water, evaporating, and purifying with lime, carbon, and various liquids. Sucrose is also obtainable from sorghum. Sucrose occurs in low percentages in honey and maple syrup. Sucrose is used as a sweetener in foods and soft drinks, in the manufacture of syrups, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, pharmaceutical products, and caramel. Sucrose is also a chemical intermediate for detergents, emulsifying agents, and other sucrose derivatives. Sucrose is widespread in the seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynthesis. The annual world production of sucrose is in excess of 90 million tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane (20\\\%) and sugar beet (17\\\%). In addition to its use as a sweetener, sucrose is used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabilizer, and thickening agent. BioTransformer predicts that sucrose is a product of 6-O-sinapoyl sucrose metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Sucrose appears as white odorless crystalline or powdery solid. Denser than water. Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. It has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Sucrose is a natural product found in Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Cyperus esculentus, and other organisms with data available. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. See also: Anise; ferrous disulfide; sucrose (component of); Phosphoric acid; sucrose (component of); Sucrose caramel (related) ... View More ... In chemistry, sugar loosely refers to a number of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides. In food, sugar refers to a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose characterized by a sweet flavor. Other sugars are used in industrial food preparation, but are usually known by more specific names - glucose, fructose or fruit sugar, high fructose corn syrup, etc. Sugars is found in many foods, some of which are ucuhuba, butternut squash, common walnut, and miso. A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C 12H 22O 11. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet. Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar. The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour. The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet. Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes. About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.[6] Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.[7] Sucrose. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8030-20-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-50-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Azelaic acid

C9H16O4 (188.1049)

Nonanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a dermatologic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an azelaate(2-) and an azelaate. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also produced by Malassezia furfur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale, which is a species of fungus that is normally found on human skin. Azelaic acid is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. Azelaic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). The physiologic effect of azelaic acid is by means of Decreased Protein Synthesis, and Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity. Azelaic Acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid produced by Malassezia furfur and found in whole grain cereals, rye, barley and animal products. Azelaic acid possesses antibacterial, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-oxidant activity. Azelaic acid is bactericidal against Proprionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis due to its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of microbial cellular proteins. Azelaic acid exerts its keratolytic and comedolytic effects by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum and decreasing the number of keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin in epidermal layers. Azelaic acid also possesses a direct anti-inflammatory effect due to its scavenger activity of free oxygen radical. This drug is used topically to reduce inflammation associated with acne and rosacea. Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is a natural substance that is produced by Malassezia furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), a yeast that lives on normal skin. It is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20\\\\\%. It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acids antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. See also: Azelaic acid; niacinamide (component of) ... View More ... Azelaic acid (AZA) is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH). It possesses a variety of biological actions both in vitro and in vivo. Interest in the biological activity of AZA arose originally out of studies of skin surface lipids and the pathogenesis of hypochromia in pityriasis versicolor infection. Later, it was shown that Pityrosporum can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids to C8-C12 dicarboxylic acids that are cornpetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro. Azelaic acid was chosen for further investigation and development of a new topical drug for treating hyperpigmentary disorders for the following reasons: it possesses a middle-range of antityrosinase activity, is inexpensive, and more soluble to be incorporated into a base cream than other dicarboxylic acids. Azelaic acid is another option for the topical treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. It offers effectiveness similar to that of other agents without the systemic side effects of oral antibiotics or the allergic sensitization of topical benzoyl peroxide and with less irritation than tretinoin. Azelaic acid is less expensive than certain other prescription acne preparations, but it is much more expensive than nonprescription benzoyl peroxide preparations. Whether it is safe and effective when used in combination with other agents is not known. (PMID: 7737781, 8961845). An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. Plants biology In plants, azelaic acid serves as a "distress flare" involved in defense responses after infection.[7] It serves as a signal that induces the accumulation of salicylic acid, an important component of a plant's defensive response.[8] Human biology The mechanism of action in humans is thought to be through the inhibition of hyperactive protease activity that converts cathelicidin into the antimicrobial skin peptide LL-37.[9] Polymers and related materials Esters of this dicarboxylic acid find applications in lubrication and plasticizers. In lubricant industries it is used as a thickening agent in lithium complex grease. With hexamethylenediamine, azelaic acid forms Nylon-6,9, which finds specialized uses as a plastic.[4] Medical Azelaic acid is used to treat mild to moderate acne, both comedonal acne and inflammatory acne.[10][11] It belongs to a class of medication called dicarboxylic acids. It works by killing acne bacteria that infect skin pores. It also decreases the production of keratin, which is a natural substance that promotes the growth[clarification needed] of acne bacteria.[12] Azelaic acid is also used as a topical gel treatment for rosacea, due to its ability to reduce inflammation.[11] It clears the bumps and swelling caused by rosacea. In topical pharmaceutical preparations and scientific research AzA is typically used in concentrations between 15\\\% and 20\\\% but some research demonstrates that in certain vehicle formulations the pharmaceutical effects of 10\\\% Azelaic acid has the potential to be fully comparable to that of some 20\\\% creams.[13] Acne treatment Azelaic acid is effective for mild to moderate acne when applied topically at a 15\\\%-20\\\% concentration.[14][15][16][17] In patients with moderate acne, twice daily application over 3 months of 20\\\% AzA significantly reduced the number of comedones, papules, and pustules;[18][19] at this strength, it’s considered to be as effective as benzoyl peroxide 5\\\%, tretinoin 0.05\\\%, erythromycin 2\\\%, and oral tetracycline at 500 mg-1000 mg.[20][21] In a comparative review of effects of topical AzA, Salicylic acid, Nicotinamide, Sulfur, Zinc, and alpha-hydroxy acid, AzA had more high-quality evidence of effectiveness than the rest.[22] Results can be expected after 4 weeks of twice-daily treatment. The effectiveness of long term use is unclear, but it’s been recommended that AzA be used for at least 6 months continuously for maintenance.[20] Whitening agent Azelaic acid is used for treatment of skin pigmentation, including melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in those with darker skin types. It has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone.[23] As a tyrosinase inhibitor,[5] azelaic acid reduces synthesis of melanin.[24] According to one report in 1988, azelaic acid in combination with zinc sulfate in vitro was found to be a potent (90\\\% inhibition) 5α-reductase inhibitor, similar to the hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride.[25] In vitro research during mid-1980s evaluating azelaic acid's depigmenting (whitening) capability concluded it is effective (cytotoxic to melanocytes) at only high concentrations.[26] A 1996 review claimed 20\\\% AzA is as potent as 4\\\% hydroquinone after a period of application of three months without the latter's adverse effects and even more effective if applied along with tretinoin for the same period of time.[27][19] Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid. (PMID:17168665). The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C6-C3-C6), composed of a chroman (C6-C3) nucleus (the benzo ring A and the heterocyclic ring C), also shared by the tocopherols, with a phenyl (the aromatic ring B) substitution usually at the 2-position. Different substitutions can typically occur in the rings, A and B. Several plants and spices containing flavonoid derivatives have found application as disease preventive and therapeutic agents in traditional medicine in Asia for thousands of years. The selection of a particular food plant, plant tissue or herb for its potential health benefits appears to mirror its flavonoid composition. The much lower risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers in Asians, who consume more vegetables, fruits and tea than populations in the Western hemisphere do, raises the question of whether flavonoid components mediate the protective effects of diets rich in these foodstuffs by acting as natural chemopreventive and anticancer agents. An impressive body of information exists on the antitumoral action of plant flavonoids. In vitro work has concentrated on the direct and indirect actions of flavonoids on tumor cells, and has found a variety of anticancer effects such as cell growth and kinase activity inhibition, apoptosis induction, suppression of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and of tumor invasive behavior. Furthermore, some studies have reported the impairment of in vivo angiogenesis by dietary flavonoids. Experimental animal studies indicate that certain dietary flavonoids possess antitumoral activity. The hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavones and flavonols, such as luteolin seems to critically influence their activities, especially the inhibition of protein kinase activity and antiproliferation. The different mechanisms underlying the potential anticancer action of plant flavonoids await further elucidation. Certain dietary flavonols and flavones targeting cell surface signal transduction enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and focal adhesion kinases, and the processes of angiogenesis appear to be promising candidates as anticancer agents. Further in vivo studies of these bioactive constituents is deemed necessary in order to develop flavonoid-based anticancer strategies. In view of the increasing interest in the association between dietary flavonoids and cancer initiation and progression, this important field is likely to witness expanded effort and to attract and stimulate further vigorous investigations (PMID:16097445). Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate. Luteolin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis. 5,7,3,4-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of). A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. Flavone v. widespread in plant world; found especies in celery, peppermint, rosemary, thyme and Queen Annes Lace leaves (wild carrot). Potential nutriceutical. Luteolin is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, ginger, abalone, and swiss chard. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. IPB_RECORD: 361; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 48 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

Narcissin

C28H32O16 (624.169)

Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a disaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. Narcissoside is a natural product found in Phoenix canariensis, Scolymus hispanicus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ginkgo (part of); Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1]. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1].

Isovitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an isovitexin-7-olate. Isovitexin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Rauhiella, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Acai (part of); Crataegus monogyna flowering top (part of). [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_20eV_1-7_01_1425.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_10eV_1-7_01_1369.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_30eV_1-7_01_1399.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_40eV_1-7_01_1427.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_30eV_1-7_01_1426.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_neg_50eV_1-7_01_1428.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_20eV_1-7_01_1398.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_10eV_1-7_01_1358.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_40eV_1-7_01_1400.txt [Raw Data] CBA25_Isovitexin_pos_50eV_1-7_01_1401.txt Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.

Ruscogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Ruscogenin is a triterpenoid. Ruscogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline rubra, Cordyline banksii, and other organisms with data available. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2]. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2].

Kaempferol

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Kaempferol is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of flavonols, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol oxoanion. Kaempferol is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid which has been isolated from Delphinium, Witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276-278 degree centigrade. It is slightly soluble in water, and well soluble in hot ethanol and diethyl ether. Kaempferol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of). Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound. Very widespread in the plant world, e.g. in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Found especies in broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon [CCD] A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4291; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2358; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 47 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 45 Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

Cytidine

C9H13N3O5 (243.0855)

Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brains extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123, 15780864, 16720547). Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis; as precursor of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathway. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transports of cytidine into the brains extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide, which is involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. Cytidine is a white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cytosine. Cytidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cytidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Castanopsis fissa, and other organisms with data available. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside comprised of a cytosine bound to ribose via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. Cytidine is a precursor for uridine. Both cytidine and uridine are utilized in RNA synthesis. Cytidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE. A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (exact mass = 384.12159) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].

Coniferin

C16H22O8 (342.1315)

Coniferin (CAS: 531-29-3), also known as abietin or coniferoside, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenolic glycosides. These are organic compounds containing a phenolic structure attached to a glycosyl moiety. Some examples of phenolic structures include lignans and flavonoids. Among the sugar units found in natural glycosides are D-glucose, L-fructose, and L-rhamnose. Coniferin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Coniferin is a monosaccharide derivative consisting of coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. Coniferin is found in asparagus and has been isolated from Scorzonera hispanica (black salsify). Coniferin is a monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cinnamyl alcohol beta-D-glucoside, an aromatic ether and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a coniferol. Coniferin is a natural product found in Salacia chinensis, Astragalus onobrychis, and other organisms with data available. A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Scorzonera hispanica (scorzonera) Coniferin (Laricin) is a glucoside of coniferyl alcohol. Coniferin inhibits fungal growth and melanization[1]. Coniferin (Laricin) is a glucoside of coniferyl alcohol. Coniferin inhibits fungal growth and melanization[1].

Palmitic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402)

Palmitic acid, also known as palmitate or hexadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, palmitic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Palmitic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmitic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sacred lotus, spinach, shallot, and corn salad, which makes palmitic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Palmitic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including feces, sweat, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Palmitic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, palmitic acid is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include alendronate action pathway, rosuvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, and cerivastatin action pathway. Palmitic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hypercholesterolemia, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (I). Moreover, palmitic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Palmitic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D is 16:0. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Palmitic acid can also be found in meats, cheeses, butter, and dairy products. Palmitate is the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4) . Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced. Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation (DrugBank). Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30\\\% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid (Wikipedia). Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. Hexadecanoic acid is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a hexadecanoate. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. Palmitic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. It occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants. Palmitic acid is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of *Levovist*TM, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-10-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 57-10-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.3705)

Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\\\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia. Campesterol is a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane. Campesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available. Campesterol is a steroid derivative that is the simplest sterol, characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and saturated bonds throughout the sterol structure, with the exception of the 5-6 double bond in the B ring. Campesterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-62-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-62-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

Lupeol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupeol has been investigated for the treatment of Acne. Lupeol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].

Inokosterone

C27H44O7 (480.3087)

Inokosterone is a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 20-hydroxy steroid, a 26-hydroxy steroid, a 6-oxo steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a phytoecdysteroid. Inokosterone is a natural product found in Zoanthus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and other organisms with data available.

beta-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

Lutein

C40H56O2 (568.428)

Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].

Yamogenintetroside B

C52H86O22 (1062.561)

Methylprotodioscin is a steroid saponin. Methylprotodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Smilax menispermoidea, and other organisms with data available. Methylprotodioscin is found in herbs and spices. Methylprotodioscin is isolated from seeds of Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) and Asparagus officinalis (asparagus). Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2]. Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].

beta-Cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4331)

beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Cryptoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=472-70-8 (retrieved 2024-10-31) (CAS RN: 472-70-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.428)

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

Capsanthin is found in green vegetables. Capsanthin is a constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Potential nutriceutical.Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract) is an oil soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum Annum Linn or Capsicum Frutescens(Indian red chillies), and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products. It is composed of capsaicin, the main flavouring compound giving pungency in higher concentrations, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main colouring compounds (among other carotenoids) Capsanthin is a carotenone. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Capsanthin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum, Lilium lancifolium, and Gallus gallus with data available. See also: Red Pepper (part of). Constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Potential nutriceutical D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Orcinol

C7H8O2 (124.0524)

Orcinol is a 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a 5-alkylresorcinol and a dihydroxytoluene. Orcinol is a natural product found in Calluna vulgaris, Rumex patientia, and other organisms with data available. A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.272 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.266 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.263 KEIO_ID O013

Galactose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

D-galactopyranose is a galactopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a D-galactose and a galactopyranose. D-Galactose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Galactose is a natural product found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and other organisms with data available. An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CE - Tests for liver functional capacity Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society

Isorhamnetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone is a tetrahydroxyflavone having the 4-hydroxy groups located at the 3- 4- 5- and 7-positions as well as a methoxy group at the 2-position. It has a role as a metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a tetrahydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate. 3-O-Methylquercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Wollastonia biflora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tobacco Leaf (part of). 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits IC50 values ranging from 1.6-86.9 μM for PDE isozymes (PDE1-5)[1]. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits IC50 values ranging from 1.6-86.9 μM for PDE isozymes (PDE1-5)[1].

Amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

Nonacosane

C29H60 (408.4695)

Nonacosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]27-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Nonacosane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C29H60. Nonacosane has been identified within several essential oils. Nonacosane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as peachs, ginkgo nuts, cauliflowers, arabica coffee, and lambsquarters. This could make nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito). It can also be prepared synthetically. It has 1,590,507,121 constitutional isomers. Nonacosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]27-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane can be found in a number of food items such as garden tomato (variety), papaya, brussel sprouts, and wild carrot, which makes nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito) . Nonacosane is a straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Nonacosane is a natural product found in Euphorbia larica, Quercus salicina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). A straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].

Solanidine

C27H43NO (397.3344)

Solanidine is a steroid alkaloid fundamental parent, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a solanid-5-en-3-ol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a toxin. It is a conjugate base of a solanidine(1+). Solanidine is a natural product found in Fritillaria delavayi, Fritillaria tortifolia, and other organisms with data available. Alkaloid from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Glycosides, (especies Solanines and chaconine) are trace toxic constits. of potato tubers (especies greened tubers), and interbreeding of potatoes with wild strains may increase their concn. or introduce other more toxic, solanidine glycosides Solanidine is a steroidal alkaloid, and its glycosides have been reported to have caused poisoning in man and animals. Solanidine is present in sera of healthy individuals and in amounts dependent on their dietary potato consumption. (PMID: 4007882). Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1]. Solanidine is a cholestane alkaloid isolated from several potato species including Solanum demissum, Solanum acaule, and Solanum tuberosum. Solanidine can inhibit proliferation and exhibit obvious antitumor effect[1].

Isorhamnetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

Isorhamnetin is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. However, it is found in human plasma as conjugates with glucuronic acid, sulfate or methyl groups, with no significant amounts of free quercetin present. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to its in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells. (PMID: 15493462, 17368593, 17374653, 16963021). Isorhamnetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an anticoagulant and a metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of an isorhamnetin(1-). Isorhamnetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Strychnos pseudoquina, and other organisms with data available. Isorhamnetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Widespread flavonol found especially in bee pollen, chives, corn poppy leaves, garden cress, fennel, hartwort, red onions, pears, dillweed, parsley and tarragon. Isorhamnetin is found in many foods, some of which are italian sweet red pepper, carrot, yellow wax bean, and lemon balm. A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.

Itaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid and an olefinic compound. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an itaconate(2-). This dicarboxylic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. Historically, itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation. The name itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid. Itaconic acid, also known as itaconate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids containing a branched chain. Itaconic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Since the 1960s, it is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus. For A. terreus the itaconate pathway is mostly elucidated. The generally accepted route for itaconate is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route. Cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favoured trans-aconitate via aconitate-Δ-isomerase (Adi1). trans-Aconitate is further decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase (Tad1). Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage. It was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the enzyme isocitrate lyase in vitro. As such, itaconate may possess antibacterial activities against bacteria expressing isocitrate lyase (such as Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It is also sythesized in the laboratory, where dry distillation of citric acid affords itaconic anhydride, which undergoes hydrolysis to itaconic acid. Itaconic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=97-65-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 97-65-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors[1][2].

Oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Lignoceric acid (C24)

C24H48O2 (368.3654)

Lignoceric acid, also known as N-tetracosanoic acid or tetraeicosanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, lignoceric acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Lignoceric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lignoceric acid can be found in a number of food items such as hazelnut, cheese, rye bread, and cetacea (dolphin, porpoise, whale), which makes lignoceric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lignoceric acid can be found primarily in blood and feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. Lignoceric acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, lignoceric acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Lignoceric acid is also involved in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which is a metabolic disorder. Lignoceric acid, or tetracosanoic acid, is the saturated fatty acid with formula C23H47COOH. It is found in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amounts in most natural fats. The fatty acids of peanut oil contain small amounts of lignoceric acid (1.1\\\\% – 2.2\\\\%). This fatty acid is also a byproduct of lignin production . Tetracosanoic acid is a C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and a Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite. It is a very long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetracosanoate. Tetracosanoic acid, also known as N-tetracosanoate or lignoceric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Tetracosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tetracosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

Octanol

C8H18O (130.1358)

1-Octanol, also known as octan-1-ol, is the organic compound with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7OH. It is a fatty alcohol. Many other isomers are also known generically as octanols. Octanol is mainly produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis. Octanol also occurs naturally in the form of esters in some essential oils. Octanol and water are immiscible. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient (logP) of that molecule. Water/octanol partitioning is a good approximation of the partitioning between the cytosol and lipid membranes of living systems. Octanol is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. It is also one of many compounds derived from tobacco and tobacco smoke and shown to increase the permeability of the membranes of human lung fibroblasts (PMID 7466833). Occurs in the form of esters in some essential oils. Flavouring agent. 1-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, lime, tea, and corn. D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].

gibberellin A24

C20H26O5 (346.178)

A C20-gibberellin that consists of a tetracyclic skeleton bearing two carboxy and a formyl group. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

Astragalin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside is a kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug and a plant metabolite. It is a kaempferol O-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a trihydroxyflavone and a beta-D-glucoside. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Astragalin is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf (has part). Astragalin is found in alcoholic beverages. Astragalin is present in red wine. It is isolated from many plant species.Astragalin is a 3-O-glucoside of kaempferol. Astragalin is a chemical compound. It can be isolated from Phytolacca americana (the American pokeweed). A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. Present in red wine. Isolated from many plant subspecies Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 173 Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1]. Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1].

Cyanidin 3-glucoside

[C21H21O11]+ (449.1084)

Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-​glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-​sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes

1,2,3,10-Tetramethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-9-one

C21H25NO5 (371.1733)

ATC code: L01CC01 Colcemid (Demecolcine) is a potent mitotic inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM for inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can interact with tubulin dimers to induce anti-mitotic action and inhibit microtubule growth. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can be used for inflammatory disorders and cancer research[1][2]. Colcemid (Demecolcine) is a potent mitotic inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM for inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can interact with tubulin dimers to induce anti-mitotic action and inhibit microtubule growth. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can be used for inflammatory disorders and cancer research[1][2].

Behenic acid

C22H44O2 (340.3341)

Behenic acid, also known as docosanoate or 1-docosanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, behenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Behenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Behenic acid can be found in a number of food items such as rice, opium poppy, pepper (c. frutescens), and gram bean, which makes behenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Behenic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine. Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white to cream color crystals or powder with a melting point of 80 °C and boiling point of 306 °C . Behenic acid, also docosanoic acid, is a normal carboxylic acid, a fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. It is an important constituent of the behen oil extracted from the seeds of the Ben-oil tree, and it is so named from the Persian month Bahman when the roots of this tree were harvested. Behenic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID:32033212). Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

Capsorubin

C40H56O4 (600.4178)

Capsorubin is found in herbs and spices. Capsorubin is a constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum). Potential nutriceutical.Capsorubin is one of the main colouring constituant of paprika oleoresin (paprika extract). (Wikipedia). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Constituent of paprika (Capsicum annuum). Potential nutriceutical

Gibberellin A116

C20H28O4 (332.1987)

Gibberellin a116, also known as ga12, is a member of the class of compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Thus, gibberellin a116 is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gibberellin a116 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a116 can be found in a number of food items such as rape, pigeon pea, chinese cabbage, and linden, which makes gibberellin a116 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

Polypodine B

C27H44O8 (496.3036)

ecdysone

C27H44O6 (464.3138)

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Ecdysone, also known as molting hormone, belongs to pentahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are bile acids, alcohols or derivatives bearing five hydroxyl groups. Thus, ecdysone is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Ecdysone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ecdysone can be synthesized from 5beta-cholestane. Ecdysone is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, (25R)-11alpha,20,26-trihydroxyecdysone, (24R)-11alpha,20,24-trihydroxyecdysone, and ecdysone 25-O-D-glucopyranoside. Ecdysone can be found in spinach, which makes ecdysone a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands. Insect molting hormones (ecdysone and its homologues) are generally called ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other related phyla where they can play different roles. In Drosophila melanogaster, an increase in ecdysone concentration induces the expression of genes coding for proteins that the larva requires, and it causes chromosome puffs (sites of high expression) to form in polytene chromosomes. Recent findings in Chris Q. Doe lab have found a novel role of this hormone in regulating temporal gene transitions within neural stem cells. Ecdysone and other ecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agent (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivorous insects. These phytoecdysteroids have been reputed to have medicinal value and are part of herbal adaptogenic remedies like Cordyceps, yet an ecdysteroid precursor in plants has been shown to have cytotoxic properties. A pesticide sold with the name MIMIC has ecdysteroid activity, although its chemical structure has little resemblance to the ecdysteroids . Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979)[1][2].

Hamamelose

C6H12O7 (196.0583)

2-Methylene-4-oxopentanedioic acid

C6H6O5 (158.0215)

2-Oxo-4-methylenepentanedioic acid is found in nuts. 2-Oxo-4-methylenepentanedioic acid is found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea).

Tuliposide A

C11H18O8 (278.1002)

Tuliposide a is a member of the class of compounds known as hexoses. Hexoses are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Tuliposide a is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tuliposide a can be found in garden onion, which makes tuliposide a a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Taraxasterol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Constituent of dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinale), Roman chamomile flowers (Anthemis nobilis) and many other plants. Taraxasterol is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, chicory, evening primrose, and common grape. Taraxasterol is found in alcoholic beverages. Taraxasterol is a constituent of dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinale), Roman chamomile flowers (Anthemis nobilis) and many other plants Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1].

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.

rhodexin A

C29H44O9 (536.2985)

Lilaline

C20H17NO7 (383.1005)

A tetrahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4 and a 4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl group at position 8.

3-Dehydroteasterone

C28H46O4 (446.3396)

Constituent of wheat grains Triticum aestivum. 3-Dehydroteasterone is found in many foods, some of which are american cranberry, calabash, spearmint, and quinoa. 3-Dehydroteasterone is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-Dehydroteasterone is a constituent of wheat grains Triticum aestivum.

Castasterone

C28H48O5 (464.3502)

Homoeriodictyol chalcone

C16H14O6 (302.079)

Tricosane

C23H48 (324.3756)

N-tricosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]21-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, N-tricosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. N-tricosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as kohlrabi, papaya, coconut, and ginkgo nuts, which makes N-tricosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-tricosane can be found primarily in saliva. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions . Tricosane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2.

Convalloside

C35H52O15 (712.3306)

Convalloside is a constituent of seeds of Convallaria majalis. Convallaria majalis has been designated unsafe for inclusion in foods etc. by USA FDA. Constituent of seeds of Convallaria majalis. Convallaria majalis has been designated unsafe for inclusion in foods etc. by USA FDA.

6-Tuliposide A

C11H18O8 (278.1002)

A 6-O-acyl-D-glucose that is the 6-O-(4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl) derivative of D-glucopyranose.

6-tuliposide B

C11H18O9 (294.0951)

A 6-O-acyl-D-glucose in which the 6-acyl group is specified as (3S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl. A secondary metabolite with potent antibacterial activity, occurring specifically in tulip anthers.

Tulipalin B

C5H6O3 (114.0317)

A member of the class of butan-4-olides that is 3-methylidenebutan-4-olide carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4 (the 4R-enantiomer)

Trifolin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside, also known as trifolin or trifolioside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside can be found in horseradish, which makes kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside is a beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4,5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is a beta-D-galactoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside(1-). Trifolin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Saxifraga tricuspidata, and other organisms with data available. Isoastragalin is found in fats and oils. Isoastragalin is isolated from Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and other plant species. A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4,5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

24-epi-brassinolide is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. 24-epi-Brassinolide is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Vicia faba, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of bee collected rape pollen (Brassica napus). Brassinolide is found in many foods, some of which are coconut, grass pea, red huckleberry, and strawberry guava. Brassinolide is found in brassicas. Brassinolide is a constituent of bee collected rape pollen (Brassica napus). D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2]. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2].

typhasterol

C28H48O4 (448.3552)

2-deoxycastasterone, also known as typhasterol, belongs to trihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are prenol lipids structurally characterized by a bile acid or alcohol which bears three hydroxyl groups. 2-deoxycastasterone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-deoxycastasterone can be found in a number of food items such as canola, kumquat, asparagus, and salmonberry, which makes 2-deoxycastasterone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

D-Altrose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents D-Allose is an endogenous metabolite. D-Allose is an endogenous metabolite.

lokundjoside

C29H44O10 (552.2934)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides

Zhebeinine

C27H45NO3 (431.3399)

D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids

HEPTACOSANE

C27H56 (380.4382)

A straight-chain alkane with 27 carbon atoms.

Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside

C22H22O12 (478.1111)

Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can be synthesized from beta-D-galactose. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can also be synthesized into isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, common bean, almond, and green bean, which makes isorhamnetin 3-galactoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-galactosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-galactoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an isorhamnetin and a beta-D-galactose. Cacticin is a natural product found in Lysimachia patungensis, Artemisia igniaria, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-galactosyl residue.

Pentacosane

C25H52 (352.4069)

Constituent of many naturally occurring waxes. A colorless solid at ambient conditions. Pentacosane is an alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 25 carbon atoms. It has a role as a semiochemical and a plant metabolite. Pentacosane is a natural product found in Cryptotermes brevis, Erucaria microcarpa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). An alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 25 carbon atoms. Pentacosane is one of the major components in the acetone extract from Curcuma raktakanda and is also in the essential oil from the leaves of Malus domestica. Pentacosane exhibit anti-cancer activities[1]. Pentacosane is one of the major components in the acetone extract from Curcuma raktakanda and is also in the essential oil from the leaves of Malus domestica. Pentacosane exhibit anti-cancer activities[1].

Keioside

C28H32O16 (624.169)

Isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside can be found in common bean, ginkgo nuts, sea-buckthornberry, and swede, which makes isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isorhamnetin 3-robinobioside is found in pear. Isorhamnetin 3-robinobioside is isolated from Pyrus communis (pear). Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1]. Narcissin (Narcissoside), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits evident scavenging activity against both authentic ONOO-?and SIN-1-derived ONOO- with IC50s?of 3.5 and 9.6 μM, respectively[1].

Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside

C22H22O12 (478.1111)

Solasodine

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Solasodine is a poisonous glycoalkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine is found in many foods, some of which are peppermint, chinese cinnamon, alaska blueberry, and sweet rowanberry. Solasodine is found in eggplant. Solasodine is a poisonous glycoalkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Panasenoside

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

Camelliaside C is found in tea. Camelliaside C is a constituent of China tea (Camellia sinensis) seeds. Isolated from Panax ginseng (ginseng). Panasenoside is found in tea. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside, a derivative of Kaempferol, is isolated from the leaves of cultivated mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) with anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Panasenoside is a flavonoid isolated from Lilium pumilum DC. Panasenoside exhibits α-glucosidase inhibitory activity[1]. Panasenoside is a flavonoid isolated from Lilium pumilum DC. Panasenoside exhibits α-glucosidase inhibitory activity[1].

9,13-Dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one 9-glucoside

C19H32O8 (388.2097)

9,13-Dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one 9-glucoside is found in cereals and cereal products. 9,13-Dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one 9-glucoside is a constituent of Hordeum vulgare (barley) Constituent of Hordeum vulgare (barley). 9,13-Dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one 9-glucoside is found in barley and cereals and cereal products.

beta1-Chaconine

C39H63NO10 (705.4452)

beta1-Chaconine is found in alcoholic beverages. beta1-Chaconine is an alkaloid from potato species (Solanum chacoense, Solanum commersonii, Solanum crispum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum ajanhuiri and Solanum stenotomum, Solanaceae Alkaloid from potato subspecies (Solanum chacoense, Solanum commersonii, Solanum crispum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum ajanhuiri and Solanum stenotomum, Solanaceae). beta1-Chaconine is found in alcoholic beverages and potato.

Blumenol C O-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]

C25H42O11 (518.2727)

Blumenol C O-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is found in fruits. Blumenol C O-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is a constituent of quince (Cydonia vulgaris) leaves

Trigofoenoside A

C45H74O18 (902.4875)

Trigofoenoside A is found in fenugreek. Trigofoenoside A is isolated from seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum).

Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide

C40H56O4 (600.4178)

Constituent of red paprika (Capsicum annuum). Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide is found in many foods, some of which are italian sweet red pepper, pepper (c. frutescens), orange bell pepper, and green bell pepper. Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide is found in herbs and spices. Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide is a constituent of red paprika (Capsicum annuum).

3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-7-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C27H28O17 (624.1326)

6-Epikarpoxanthin

C40H58O4 (602.4335)

6-Epikarpoxanthin is found in fruits. 6-Epikarpoxanthin is a constituent of Capsicum annuum (red paprika pods)

(2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol

C9H18O8 (254.1002)

(2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is found in cereals and cereal products. (2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is isolated from wheat flour lipids. Isolated from wheat flour lipids. (2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is found in cereals and cereal products.

3h-Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Sweetening agent and food source assimilated by most organismsand is also used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabiliser and thickening agent. Widespread in seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynth. Annual world production is in excess of 90 x 106 tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane and sugar beet which contain respectively ca. 20\\% and ca. 17\\% of the sugar. Sucrose is found in many foods, some of which are rowanberry, brassicas, calabash, and hedge mustard.

7-Glucosyl-luteolin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

9-Arabinofuranosyladenine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

Ecdysone

C27H44O6 (464.3138)

Isovitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Peimine

C27H45NO3 (431.3399)

Peiminine

C27H43NO3 (429.3243)

Ruscogenin

C27H42O4 (430.3083)

Castasterone

C28H48O5 (464.3502)

Castasterone belongs to tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are prenol lipids structurally characterized by a bile acid or alcohol which bears four hydroxyl groups. Castasterone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Castasterone can be found in a number of food items such as silver linden, common oregano, pili nut, and canola, which makes castasterone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Heptacosane

C27H56 (380.4382)

Heptacosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]25-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and consist entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heptacosane is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule, is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heptacosane has been detected in avocado, sunflowers, peachs, sweet cherries, and wild carrots. This could make heptacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Heptacosane, in addition to other flavonoids, alkaloids and sugars, extracted from the root of Trichosanthes dioica, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/?year=2016&vol=5&issue=5&part=F&ArticleId=985 Heptacosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]25-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heptacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heptacosane can be found in a number of food items such as wild carrot, linden, sweet cherry, and papaya, which makes heptacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions .

13-cis-Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

13-cis-capsanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. 13-cis-capsanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 13-cis-capsanthin can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), red bell pepper, and yellow bell pepper, which makes 13-cis-capsanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

9-cis-Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

9-cis-capsanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. 9-cis-capsanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 9-cis-capsanthin can be found in a number of food items such as yellow bell pepper, green bell pepper, red bell pepper, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes 9-cis-capsanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Isorhamnetin 3-beta-D-glucoside

C22H22O12 (478.1111)

Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside, also known as isorhamnetin-3-glu, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can be synthesized from beta-D-glucose. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can also be synthesized into isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can be found in sea-buckthornberry, which makes isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].

beta-2-Chaconine

C39H63NO10 (705.4452)

Beta-2-chaconine is a member of the class of compounds known as steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative. Beta-2-chaconine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-2-chaconine can be found in potato, which makes beta-2-chaconine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Polypodine B

C27H44O8 (496.3036)

Polypodine b belongs to hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are bile acids, alcohols or derivatives bearing at least hydroxyl group. Polypodine b is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Polypodine b can be found in lambsquarters and spinach, which makes polypodine b a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Gibberellin A12

C20H28O4 (332.1987)

Gibberellin a12 is a member of the class of compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a12 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a12 can be found in a number of food items such as common salsify, tartary buckwheat, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and winter squash, which makes gibberellin a12 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Gibberellin A24

C20H26O5 (346.178)

Gibberellin a24 is a member of the class of compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a24 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a24 can be found in a number of food items such as root vegetables, breadnut tree seed, lime, and carob, which makes gibberellin a24 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

dextrose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.

Solasodine

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Solasodine is an oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a teratogenic agent, a diuretic, an antifungal agent, a cardiotonic drug, an immunomodulator, an antipyretic, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant, an antiinfective agent, an anticonvulsant, a central nervous system depressant and an antispermatogenic agent. It is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a hemiaminal ether, a sapogenin and a steroid alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a solasodine(1+). Purapuridine is a natural product found in Solanum hazenii, Solanum americanum, and other organisms with data available. An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills. Alkaloid from Solanum melanocerasum (garden huckleberry). alpha-Solanigrine is found in fruits. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Steroidal alkaloids, Solanaceous alkaloids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.206 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.202 Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2]. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].

Taraxasterol

C30H50O (426.3861)

Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of a taraxastane. Taraxasterol is a natural product found in Eupatorium altissimum, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1].

Imperialin

C27H43NO3 (429.3243)

Sipeimine is an alkaloid. Imperialine is a natural product found in Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria thunbergii, and other organisms with data available. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents > D014704 - Veratrum Alkaloids Sipeimine is a natural product isolated from Fritillaria ussuriensis. IC50 value: Target: In vitro: Sipeimine can induce rejuvenation of a endophytic fungus; Sipeimine yield of the strain rejuvenated by adding 3\\% bulbus was effectively improved to 0.0563 mg/L and it is 21.9\\% higher than that of the initial strain [1]. In vivo: Sipeimine is a natural product isolated from Fritillaria ussuriensis. IC50 value: Target: In vitro: Sipeimine can induce rejuvenation of a endophytic fungus; Sipeimine yield of the strain rejuvenated by adding 3\% bulbus was effectively improved to 0.0563 mg/L and it is 21.9\% higher than that of the initial strain [1]. In vivo:

Brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

24-epi-brassinolide is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. 24-epi-Brassinolide is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Vicia faba, and other organisms with data available. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2]. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2].

Astragalin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1]. Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis[1].

β-Amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Beta-amyrin, also known as amyrin or (3beta)-olean-12-en-3-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, beta-amyrin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-amyrin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amyrin can be synthesized from oleanane. Beta-amyrin is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, erythrodiol, glycyrrhetaldehyde, and 24-hydroxy-beta-amyrin. Beta-amyrin can be found in a number of food items such as thistle, pepper (c. baccatum), wakame, and endive, which makes beta-amyrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin (ursane skeleton), β-amyrin (oleanane skeleton) and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C30H50O. They are widely distributed in nature and have been isolated from a variety of plant sources such as epicuticular wax. In plant biosynthesis, α-amyrin is the precursor of ursolic acid and β-amyrin is the precursor of oleanolic acid. All three amyrins occur in the surface wax of tomato fruit. α-Amyrin is found in dandelion coffee . β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

Palmitic Acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402)

COVID info from WikiPathways D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Methyl behenate

C23H46O2 (354.3498)

Methyl behenate (Methyl docosanoate) is a naturally fatty acid methyl ester isolated from the plant of Aspidopterys obcordata Lemsl[1]. Methyl behenate (Methyl docosanoate) is a naturally fatty acid methyl ester isolated from the plant of Aspidopterys obcordata Lemsl[1].

20-Hydroxyecdysone

C27H44O7 (480.3087)

Luteolin

C15H10O6 (286.0477)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.976 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.975 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.968 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.971 Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3]. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells[1][2][3].

Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside

C22H22O12 (478.1111)

Isorhamnetin

C16H12O7 (316.0583)

Glucoside present in the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Isorhamnetin 3-dirhamnoside is found in fruits. Annotation level-1 Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K. Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.

Trifolin

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

Isolated from Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and other plant subspecies Isoastragalin is found in fats and oils. Isolated from liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Acetylastragalin is found in herbs and spices. Widespread occurrence in plant world, e.g. Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine) and fruits of Scolymus hispanicus (Spanish salsify). Kaempferol 3-galactoside is found in many foods, some of which are horseradish, almond, peach, and tea.

D-sorbose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

Isoquercetin

C21H20O12 (464.0955)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

2-chloro-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol

C7H7ClO2 (158.0135)

Capsanthin

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

Capsanthin is a carotenone. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Capsanthin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum, Lilium lancifolium, and Gallus gallus with data available. See also: Red Pepper (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Erysimoside

C35H52O14 (696.3357)

A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl moiety attached at position 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides

lupeol

C30H50O (426.3861)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].

Etioline

C27H43NO2 (413.3294)

Solasodine

C28H44O2 (412.3341)

Luteolin 7-O-glucoside

C21H20O11 (448.1006)

4-chloro-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol

C7H7ClO2 (158.0135)

Convallatoxin

C29H42O10 (550.2778)

Convallatoxin is a cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and a metabolite. It is an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a 19-oxo steroid, a 14beta-hydroxy steroid, a 5beta-hydroxy steroid, a steroid lactone and a steroid aldehyde. It is functionally related to a strophanthidin. Convallatoxin is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Convallaria keiskei, and other organisms with data available. Convallatoxin is a glycoside extracted from Convallaria majalis. Convallatoxin is also isolated from the trunk bark of Antiaris toxicaria (A15340). A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D013328 - Strophanthins D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties[1][2][3]. Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties[1][2][3].

Solasodine

C27H44N2O (412.3453)

Pentacosane

C25H52 (352.4069)

Pentacosane is one of the major components in the acetone extract from Curcuma raktakanda and is also in the essential oil from the leaves of Malus domestica. Pentacosane exhibit anti-cancer activities[1]. Pentacosane is one of the major components in the acetone extract from Curcuma raktakanda and is also in the essential oil from the leaves of Malus domestica. Pentacosane exhibit anti-cancer activities[1].

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.0967)

COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Formula(Parent): C10H13N5O4; Bottle Name:Adenosine; PRIME Parent Name:Adenosine; PRIME in-house No.:0040 R0018, Purines MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIRDTQYFTABQOQ_STSL_0143_Adenosine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_33; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.113 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.109 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.097 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.096 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2621; CONFIDENCE confident structure Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.3705)

Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside

C22H22O12 (478.1111)

Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].

Cytidine

C9H13N3O5 (243.0855)

MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ_STSL_0155_Cytidine_8000fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_107; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.051 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].

Thymidine

C10H14N2O5 (242.0903)

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.220 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.211 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.213 Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication[1][2][3]. Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication[1][2][3].

β-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Azelaic Acid

C9H16O4 (188.1049)

D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Annotation level-2 Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2]. Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals[1][2].

Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Isovitexin

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an isovitexin-7-olate. Isovitexin is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Rauhiella, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of); Acai (part of); Crataegus monogyna flowering top (part of). A C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. Isovitexin is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid c-glycosides. Flavonoid c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to the 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Isovitexin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isovitexin can be found in a number of food items such as common salsify, winged bean, flaxseed, and common buckwheat, which makes isovitexin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isovitexin (or homovitexin, saponaretin) is a flavone. the apigenin-6-C-glucoside. It can be found in the passion flower, Cannabis, and the açaí palm . Constituent of Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Isovitexin 2-(6-p-coumaroylglucoside) 4-glucoside is found in cucumber and fruits. Constituent of young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare variety nudum). Isovitexin 7-(6-sinapoylglucoside) is found in barley and cereals and cereal products. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.

Lignoceric acid

C24H48O2 (368.3654)

A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2]. Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research[1][2].

Itaconic acid

C5H6O4 (130.0266)

A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors[1][2].

Behenic acid

C22H44O2 (340.3341)

A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

Oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-80-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 112-80-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Cyanidin 3-glucoside

[C21H21O11]+ (449.1084)

Cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4331)

Isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) and many other higher plants, also from fish eggs [DFC]. beta-Cryptoxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are smelt, soy yogurt, common carp, and rose hip.

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.428)

Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

dextrose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.

Fucoxanthin

C42H58O6 (658.4233)

Fucoxanthin is an epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. It has a role as an algal metabolite, a CFTR potentiator, a food antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a hepatoprotective agent, a marine metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an epoxycarotenol, an acetate ester, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a member of allenes. Fucoxanthin is a natural product found in Aequipecten opercularis, Ascidia zara, and other organisms with data available. An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Fucoxanthin (all-trans-Fucoxanthin) is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid and shows anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

Sorbose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

(3S,4R,5S)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one is an endogenous metabolite. (3S,4R,5S)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one is an endogenous metabolite.

Octanol

C8H18O (130.1358)

D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].

Coniferin

C16H22O8 (342.1315)

p-coumaryl alcohol

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Annotation level-1

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-4H-chromen-4-one

C21H20O10 (432.1056)

Annotation level-1

Isoverticine

C27H45NO3 (431.3399)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Steroidal alkaloids, Veratrum alkaloids Isoverticine, a bioactive isosteroidal alkaloid isolated from bulbus of Fritillaria pallidiflora, displays significant cytotoxicity[1]. Isoverticine, a bioactive isosteroidal alkaloid isolated from bulbus of Fritillaria pallidiflora, displays significant cytotoxicity[1].

2-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C12H22O11 (342.1162)

Hexadecanoic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402)

Phytic acid

C6H18O24P6 (659.8614)

1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, also known as phytate or phytic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate is soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as scarlet bean, arrowroot, salmonberry, and roman camomile, which makes 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, 1d-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include inositol metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

Octan-1-ol

C8H18O (130.1358)

An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.

Blumenol C O-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]

C25H42O11 (518.2727)

6-Epikarpoxanthin

C40H58O4 (602.4335)

Hmdutp

C19H32O8 (388.2097)

Keioside

C28H32O16 (624.169)

C22:0

C22H44O2 (340.3341)

Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

TRICOSANE

C23H48 (324.3756)

A straight chain alkane containing 23 carbon atoms.

Tuliposide A

C11H18O8 (278.1002)

brassinolide

C28H48O6 (480.3451)

D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D060406 - Brassinosteroids Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation. Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.

Capsorubin

C40H56O4 (600.4178)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide

C40H56O4 (600.4178)

A epoxycarotenol that is capsanthin in which the 5,6-double bond has been epoxidised. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Chrysanthemin

C21H21O11 (449.1084)

D(+)-Glucose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents

Glyceryl 1,3-diferulate

C23H24O9 (444.142)

Fructon

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants.

Nonacosane

C29H60 (408.4695)

Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].

maltodextrin

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents

CHEBI:17118

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

Cyanidin 3-glucoside

C21H21O11+ (449.1084)

Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-​glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-​sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes

(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

convalloside

C35H52O15 (712.3306)

4-Methylene-L-glutamic acid

C6H9NO4 (159.0532)

The L-enantiomer of 4-methyleneglutamic acid.

4-Methylene-2-oxoglutarate

C6H6O5 (158.0215)

2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol

C6H12O7 (196.0583)

Gibberellin A12

C20H28O4 (332.1987)

Gibberellin A12. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1164-45-0 (retrieved 2024-10-09) (CAS RN: 1164-45-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Typhasterol

C28H48O4 (448.3552)

A brassinosteroid that is ergostan-6-one bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 22R and 23R.

Teasterone

C28H48O4 (448.3552)

4-Methyleneglutamic acid

C6H9NO4 (159.0532)

2-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C9H18O8 (254.1002)

keto-D-fructose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

The open-chain form of D-fructose.

aldehydo-D-galactose

C6H12O6 (180.0634)

3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one

C27H30O16 (610.1534)

(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-2-[(2s)-4-[(1s,2s,4s,6r,7s,8r,9r,12s,13s,16r)-16-{[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-({[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C52H86O23 (1078.556)

{14-methoxy-5,5,9-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecan-14-yl}methanol

C21H36O2 (320.2715)

6,10,23-trimethyl-21-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-17-one

C33H53NO7 (575.3822)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3ar,3bs,5r,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-5-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[(1s)-1-[(5s)-5-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl]ethyl]-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C33H55NO7 (577.3978)

(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-hydroxy-2-{[(1r,2s,4s,6s,7s,8r,9s,12s,13s,16s,18s)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3r)-3-methyl-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}butyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan-16-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C51H86O23 (1066.556)

2-hydroxy-n-[(10s)-5-hydroxy-3,4,14-trimethoxy-13-oxotricyclo[9.5.0.0²,⁷]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,11,14-hexaen-10-yl]ethanimidic acid

C21H23NO7 (401.1474)

(1s,3as,3bs,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(1s)-1-[(2s,5r)-1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-5-one

C28H47NO2 (429.3607)

[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-3-(acetyloxy)-6-{[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-4-(acetyloxy)-3-{[(2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C36H42O19 (778.232)

(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(1's,2s,2'r,3r,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13'r,16's)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-en-3-oloxy]-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C45H72O18 (900.4718)

(10e,12e,14e,16e,18e)-1-(4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)-19-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,8,13,17-tetramethylnonadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaen-1-one

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

(1r,3r,6r,7r,10r,11s,14s,16s,18r)-14-{[(2s,4s,5s,6r)-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-18-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(5-oxo-2h-furan-3-yl)-2-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0¹,³.0³,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-8-one

C40H58O17 (810.3674)

3-hydroxy-9-[1-(3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-10,11b-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,4h,4ah,6h,6ah,6bh,7h,8h,9h,11h,11ah-cyclohexa[a]fluoren-5-one

C27H43NO3 (429.3243)

6,8,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosane-17,20-diol

C27H45NO2 (415.345)

2-{[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-({10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁵,²³.0¹⁷,²²]tetracos-4-en-7-yl}oxy)-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C45H73NO15 (867.498)

11-hydroxy-7-{[4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-(6-methyl-3-oxo-7-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}heptan-2-yl)-1h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-one

C51H82O23 (1062.5247)

3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-({[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3-(acetyloxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1λ⁴-chromen-1-ylium

[C29H33O17]+ (653.1718)

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate

C16H24O10 (376.1369)

(1r,3s,6s)-6-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9z,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

C40H56O3 (584.4229)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[(1'r,2s,2's,4's,5r,6r,7's,8's,9's,12's,13'r,16's)-6-methoxy-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-en-8'-oloxy]-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C46H74O19 (930.4824)

(3s,4as,6ar,6bs,9s,10ar,11as,11br)-9-[(1s)-1-[(2r,5s)-1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-3-hydroxy-10a,11b-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,4h,4ah,6h,6ah,6bh,9h,10h,11h,11ah-cyclohexa[a]fluoren-5-one

C28H45NO2 (427.345)

1,4-dimethyl (2s)-2-hydroxy-2-({[(2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}methyl)butanedioate

C17H20O9 (368.1107)

5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-4-one

C28H32O16 (624.169)

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate

C11H18O8 (278.1002)

(1r,2s,6r,9s,10r,11r,14s,15s,17r,18s,20s,23r,24s)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosane-17,20-diol

C27H45NO2 (415.345)

(1r,3s,4r,7s,9s,12r,13s,15s,16s)-7-hydroxy-16-[(1r)-1-[(2r,3r,5s)-3-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-4,17,17-trimethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.0¹,¹³.0³,¹².0⁴,⁹]octadecan-10-one

C29H47NO4 (473.3505)

(2e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-{4-[(3r)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl]butyl}prop-2-enimidic acid

C18H22N2O4 (330.1579)

(1r,3as,3bs,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2s,3r,4r,5s)-3,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-5-one

C34H58O9 (610.4081)

{[(1e)-prop-1-ene-1-sulfonyl]sulfanyl}methane

C4H8O2S2 (151.9966)

(1r,3as,5ar,7s,8s,9as,9br,11as)-3a,7,8-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-[(2s,3s,6s)-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-1h,2h,3h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-5-one

C27H44O7 (480.3087)

(1's,2s,2's,3s,4s,4's,7'r,8'r,9's,12's,13'r,14'r,16'r)-3,16'-dihydroxy-14'-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9',13'-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-en-7'-ylmethyl acetate

C52H80O25 (1104.4988)

2-({17-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-20-yl}oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C33H55NO7 (577.3978)

(1r,2s,6s,9r,10r,11s,14s,15s,18r,20s,23r,24r)-10,20-dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-17-one

C27H43NO3 (429.3243)

1,4a-dimethyl-5-[(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-2-yl)methyl]-6-methylidene-hexahydro-2h-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid

C20H30O4S (366.1865)

(3s)-5-[(1's,2r,2's,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13'r,16's)-16'-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7',9',13'-trimethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-en-5-ylmethoxy]-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid

C45H70O17 (882.4613)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C28H32O16 (624.169)

(2r)-1-hydroxy-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}propan-2-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C18H24O11 (416.1319)

2-{[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-eneoxy}-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C45H72O16 (868.482)

2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-7',9',13'-trimethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-18'-eneoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

C39H62O13 (738.419)

(1r,2s,6s,9s,10s,11s,14r,15s,17r,18s,20s,23r,24s)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol

C27H45NO3 (431.3399)

20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.0²,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁴.0¹⁸,²³]pentacos-2(11)-en-17-one

C27H41NO2 (411.3137)

1-hydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}propan-2-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C18H24O11 (416.1319)

(2r,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexyl (3s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate

C11H18O9 (294.0951)

n-{3,4,5,14-tetramethoxy-13-oxotricyclo[9.5.0.0²,⁷]hexadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,11,14-hexaen-10-yl}ethanimidic acid

C22H25NO6 (399.1682)

4-[(1r,3as,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,10-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-{[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-5h-furan-2-one

C29H44O9 (536.2985)

(2s)-3-hydroxy-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}propyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C18H24O10 (400.1369)