Classification Term: 1752
Long-chain fatty acids (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0002949)
Fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms." []
found 452 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Fatty acids and conjugates
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Myristic acid
Tetradecanoic acid is an oily white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) Tetradecanoic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetradecanoate. Myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Myristic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Staphisagria macrosperma, and other organisms with data available. Myristic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in palm oil, coconut oil and butter fat. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). Myristic acid is also commonly added to a penultimate nitrogen terminus glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. this is achieved by the myristic acid having a high enough hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell.(wikipedia). myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of). Myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid or C14:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristic acid (its ester is called myristate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 14 carbons; as such, it is a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as an oily white crystalline solid. Myristic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals, and is found in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat, as well as coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Industrially, myristic acid is used to synthesize a variety of flavour compounds and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics (Dorland, 28th ed). Within eukaryotic cells, myristic acid is also commonly conjugated to a penultimate N-terminal glycine residue in receptor-associated kinases to confer membrane localization of these enzymes (a post-translational modification called myristoylation via the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase). Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to allow the myristoylated protein to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Also, this fatty acid is known because it accumulates as fat in the body; however, its consumption also impacts positively on cardiovascular health (see, for example, PMID: 15936650). Myristic acid is named after the scientific name for nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair. Myristic acid, also known as 14 or N-tetradecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, myristic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Myristic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myristic acid can be found in a number of food items such as strawberry, barley, nutmeg, and soy bean, which makes myristic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Myristic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Myristic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, myristic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, myristic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Myristic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Myristic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 1-tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair . A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. Nutmeg butter has 75\\\% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid and a source from which it can be synthesised.[13] Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14\\\% of bovine milk, and 8.6\\\% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats.[9] It is found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root.[14][15] Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, also known as palmitate or hexadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, palmitic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Palmitic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmitic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sacred lotus, spinach, shallot, and corn salad, which makes palmitic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Palmitic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including feces, sweat, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Palmitic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, palmitic acid is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include alendronate action pathway, rosuvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, and cerivastatin action pathway. Palmitic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hypercholesterolemia, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (I). Moreover, palmitic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Palmitic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D is 16:0. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Palmitic acid can also be found in meats, cheeses, butter, and dairy products. Palmitate is the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4) . Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced. Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation (DrugBank). Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30\\\% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid (Wikipedia). Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. Hexadecanoic acid is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a hexadecanoate. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. Palmitic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. It occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants. Palmitic acid is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of *Levovist*TM, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-10-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 57-10-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Myristoleate (14:1n5)
Myristoleic acid, also known as 9-tetradecenoate or myristoleate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristoleic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Myristoleic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, myristoleic acid is found in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), butter, and margarine-like spreads, and in a lower concentration in creams, meat bouillons, and chocolates. Myristoleic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as anchovies, loganberries, sunflowers, yellow zucchinis, and dates. This could make myristoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that represents approximately 0.3-0.7\\\\% of the total fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triacylglycerol in humans (PMID: 10393134). It has been suggested that its effective cytotoxic (i.e. cell death inducer) activity could be used for the treatment of prostate cancer (PMID: 11304730). Myristoleic acid is a tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor. It is a tetradecenoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a myristoleate. Myristoleic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Erucaria microcarpa, and other organisms with data available. Myristoleic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects. Occurs in natural fats, e.g. Cottonseed oil KEIO_ID M044 Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1]. Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1].
Petroselinic acid
Petroselinic acid, also known as (6Z)-Octadecenoic acid, is an 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in several animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a white powder and is commercially available. In chemical terms, petroselinic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid, abbreviated as 18:1 cis-6. Petroselinic acid is a positional isomer of oleic acid. The term "petroselinic" means related to, or derived from, oil of Petroselinum, or oil of parsley. Petroselinic acid was first isolated from parsley seed oil in 1909. Petroselinic acid occurs in high amounts in plants in the Apiaceae family (a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the genus Apium and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family), Araliaceae (a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants), Griselinia (Griseliniaceae) and in Garryaceae. The occurrence of petroselinic acid as the major fatty acid is used in chemosystematics as a proof of a close relationship of several families within the Apiales as well as within the Garryales. Petroselonic acid has been found in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and caraway seeds. In addition, petroselinic acid has been found in minor amounts in several fats of plant and animal origin, including in human sources. Petroselinic acid is an important oleochemical material for the food, cosmetics, chemistry and pharmaceutical industry (PMID: 16604360) as it can be easily processed into lauric and adipinic acid. Petroselinic acid is the cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a petroselinate. Petroselinic acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, and other organisms with data available. Found in umbelliferous seed oils e.g. major constituent of oils of parsley, ivy, fennel, celery and others [DFC]. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits. Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.
Ricinoleic acid
Ricinoleic acid is found in corn. Ricinoleic acid occurs in castor oil and other oils e.g. grape and ergot (Claviceps purpurea) Ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated omega-9 fatty acid that naturally occurs in mature Castor plant (Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae) seeds or in sclerotium of ergot (Claviceps purpurea Tul., Clavicipitaceae). About 90\\% of the fatty acid content in castor oil is the triglyceride formed from ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid is manufactured for industries by saponification or fractional distillation of hydrolyzed castor oil. The zinc salt is used in personal care products, such as deodorants Ricinoleic acid is a (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration.. It is a conjugate acid of a ricinoleate. Ricinoleic acid is a natural product found in Cephalocroton cordofanus, Crotalaria retusa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate (monomer of); Polyglyceryl-4 polyricinoleate (monomer of); Polyglyceryl-5 polyricinoleate (monomer of) ... View More ... CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5632; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5630 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5657; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5655 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5730; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5728 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5665; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5664 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5630; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5629 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5665; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5662 Occurs in castor oil and other oils e.g. grape and ergot (Claviceps purpurea)
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid
9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, also known as 9,10-dhsa or 9,10-dioh 18:0, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule. 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid can be found in peanut, which makes 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 9,10-dihydroxystearate. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Apis cerana with data available.
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Icosapent, also known as icosapentaenoate or (5z,8z,11z,14z,17z)-eicosapentaenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, icosapent is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Icosapent is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Icosapent can be found in a number of food items such as barley, sacred lotus, white lupine, and rape, which makes icosapent a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Icosapent can be found primarily in blood, feces, sweat, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, icosapent is involved in the alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, icosapent is found to be associated with essential hypertension and hypertension. Ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, icosapent ethyl) is a derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that is used in combination with changes in diet to lower triglyceride levels in adults with severe (≥ 500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. This was the second class of fish oil-based drug to be approved for use as a drug and was approved by the FDA in 2012. These fish oil drugs are similar to fish oil dietary supplements but the ingredients are better controlled and have been tested in clinical trials . The anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory actions of EPA is probably due to its role in eicosanoid physiology and biochemistry. Most eicosanoids are produced by the metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically, arachidonic acid. These eicosanoids, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) stimulate leukocyte chemotaxis, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. They are thrombogenic and artherogenic. On the other hand, EPA is metabolized to leukotriene B5 (LTB5) and thromboxane A3 (TXA3), which are eicosanoids that promote vasodilation, inhibit platelet aggregation and leukocyte chemotaxis and are anti-artherogenic and anti-thrombotic. The triglyceride-lowering effect of EPA results from inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acid oxidation of EPA occurs mainly in the mitochondria. EPA is a substrate for Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 and 2. It also appears to affect the function and bind to the Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and to a fatty acid receptor (G-coupled receptor) known as GP40 (DrugBank). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid) is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families. Eicosapentaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:5(n-3). Its systematic chemical name is all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid. It also has the trivial name timnodonic acid. Chemically, EPA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and five cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. Because of the presence of double bonds, EPS is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Metabolically it acts as a precursor for prostaglandin-3 (which inhibits platelet aggregation), thromboxane-3, and leukotriene-5 groups. It is found in fish oils of cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden, and sardine. It is also found in human breast milk (Wikipedia). Chemical was purchased from CAY 90110 (Lot. 0443819-6); Diagnostic ions: 301.2, 257.1, 202.9 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 305 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation[1][2][3]. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation[1][2][3].
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is a 20-carbon-chain omega-6 fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) only at position 5. 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is also known as Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). DGLA is the elongation product of the 18 carbon gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). DGLA can be converted into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits platelet aggregation and also exerts a vasodilatory effect. DGLA competes with arachadonic acid for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of arachadonic acids eicosanoids [HMDB] 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is a 20-carbon-chain omega-6 fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) only at position 5. 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is also known as Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). DGLA is the elongation product of the 18 carbon gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). DGLA can be converted into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits platelet aggregation and also exerts a vasodilatory effect. DGLA competes with arachadonic acid for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of arachadonic acids eicosanoids. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1783-84-2 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1783-84-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Stearic acid
Stearic acid, also known as stearate or N-octadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, stearic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Stearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Stearic acid can be synthesized from octadecane. Stearic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-oxooctadecanoic acid, (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoic acid, and 16-methyloctadecanoic acid. Stearic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, common oregano, ucuhuba, and babassu palm, which makes stearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Stearic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. Stearic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, stearic acid is involved in the plasmalogen synthesis. Stearic acid is also involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, stearic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Stearic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Stearic acid ( STEER-ik, stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin . Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid or C18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (its ester is called stearate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 18 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as a waxy solid. In terms of its biosynthesis, stearic acid is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery wherein acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks, up to the 16-carbon palmitate, via the enzyme complex fatty acid synthase (FA synthase), at which point a fatty acid elongase is needed to further lengthen it. After synthesis, there are a variety of reactions it may undergo, including desaturation to oleate via stearoyl-CoA desaturase (PMID: 16477801). Stearic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. For example, it is a component of cocoa butter and shea butter. It is used as a food additive, in cleaning and personal care products, and in lubricants. Its name comes from the Greek word stear, which means ‚Äòtallow‚Äô or ‚Äòhard fat‚Äô. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Palmitoleic acid
Cis-9-palmitoleic acid, also known as palmitoleate or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as mixed nuts, carrot, hedge mustard, and chanterelle, which makes cis-9-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, blood, saliva, and feces, as well as in human adipose tissue, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia. Palmitoleic acid, or (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n-7) with the formula CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH that is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue. Present in all tissues, it is generally found in higher concentrations in the liver. Macadamia oil (Macadamia integrifolia) and sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) are botanical sources of palmitoleic acid, containing 22 and 40\\\\\% respectively. Palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Palmitoleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=373-49-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 373-49-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.
Arachidate (20:0)
Arachidic acid, also known as icosanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain. It is a minor constituent of butter, perilla oil, peanut oil, corn oil, and cocoa butter. It also constitutes 7.08\\\\% of the fats from the fruit of the durian species Durio graveolens. The salts and esters of arachidic acid are known as arachidates. Its name derives from the Latin arachis that means peanut. It can be formed by the hydrogenation of arachidonic acid. The reduction of arachidic acid yields arachidyl alcohol. Arachidic acid is used for the production of detergents, photographic materials and lubricants. Arachidic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Arachidic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Arachidonic acid (Icosanoic acid), a long-chain fatty acid, is present in all mammalian cells, typically esterified to membrane phospholipids, and is one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids present in human tissue[1][2]. Arachidonic acid (Icosanoic acid), a long-chain fatty acid, is present in all mammalian cells, typically esterified to membrane phospholipids, and is one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids present in human tissue[1][2].
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 4A and 4F families catalyze the omega-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid and produce 20-HETE. 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of renal, cerebral, and mesenteric arteries. The vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE is associated with activation of protein kinase, Rho kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway C. 20-HETE also increases intracellular Ca2+ by causing the depolarization of vascular smooth muscle membrane secondary to blocking the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and by a direct effect on L-type Ca channels. Elevations in the production of 20-HETE mediate the myogenic response of skeletal, renal, and cerebral arteries to elevations in transmural pressure. There is an important interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and the formation of 20-HETE production. NO inhibits the formation of 20-HETE formation in renal and cerebral arteries. A fall in levels of 20-HETE contributes to the cyclic GMP-independent dilator effect of NO to activate the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channels and to dilate the cerebral arteries (PMID: 16258232). Metabolite produced during NADPH dependent enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. Potent vasoconstrictor [CCD]
Tridecanoic acid
Tridecanoic acid, also known as N-tridecanoate or C13:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tridecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tridecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Tridecanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid. Tridecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are nutmeg, muskmelon, black elderberry, and coconut. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1]. Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation[1].
16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, also known as 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, is a hydroxylated fatty acid where the terminal (omega) carbon has been hydroxylated. In animal tissues, a family of enzymes termed cytochromes P450s are involved in fatty acid oxidation, hydroxylating with high specificity at the energetically unfavourable terminal (omega) or omega-1 carbons. Hydroxy fatty acids primarily come from the consumption of plant products (vegetables or fruits) or cow’s milk. Omega hydroxy fatty acids are found in the structure of suberin, a lipid polyester present in plant cell walls, and of cutin, a lipid polyester which is a component of the plant cuticle. These apoplastic structures are important plant-environment interfaces that act as barriers limiting water and nutrient loss and protecting plants from radiation and pathogens. 16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 18-hydroxystearic acid are particularly abundant in cutin in the plant cuticle. 16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid has been proposed as a biomarker of beer consumption. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid, also known as 16-hydroxypalmitic acid or 16-oh 16:0, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid can be synthesized from hexadecanoic acid. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, (3R)-3,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid, oscr#28, and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA. 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid can be found in a number of food items such as other cereal product, hyacinth bean, red rice, and elliotts blueberry, which makes 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Oleic acid
Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Hexadecanedioic acid
Hexadecanedioic acid, also known as thapsic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Hexadecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Hexadecanedioic acid is activated by mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in the liver (PMID: 4372285). It has antitumor activity (PMID: 14987827). Hexadecanedioic acid is activated by mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in liver (PMID 4372285). It has an antitumor activity (PMID 14987827). Hexadecanedioic acid is found in sweet cherry and potato. Hexadecanedioic acid is covalently linked to Sepharose 4B, shows better performance in terms of specificity than dye-based resins and could be used for depletion of SA from plasma samples. Hexadecanedioic acid is covalently linked to Sepharose 4B, shows better performance in terms of specificity than dye-based resins and could be used for depletion of SA from plasma samples.
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid that has a 20-carbon chain as a backbone and four cis-double bonds at the C5, C8, C11, and C14 positions. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid mediates inflammation and the functioning of several organs and systems either directly or upon its conversion into eicosanoids. Arachidonic acid in cell membrane phospholipids is the substrate for the synthesis of a range of biologically active compounds (eicosanoids) including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds can act as mediators in their own right and can also act as regulators of other processes, such as platelet aggregation, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte chemotaxis, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune function. Arachidonic acid can be metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes into 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). The production of kidney CYP450 arachidonic acid metabolites is altered in diabetes, pregnancy, hepatorenal syndrome, and in various models of hypertension, and it is likely that changes in this system contribute to the abnormalities in renal function that are associated with many of these conditions. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (PMID: 12736897, 12736897, 12700820, 12570747, 12432908). The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (PMID: 23371504). 9-Oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate the arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production (PMID: 23704812). Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases (PMID: 23404351). Essential fatty acid. Constituent of many animal phospholipids Arachidonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=506-32-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 506-32-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.
Pentadecanoic acid
Pentadecanoic acid, also known as pentadecylic acid or C15:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Pentadecanoic acid (its ester is called pentadecanoate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 15 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. Pentadecanoic acid is found in plants and ruminants. Many "odd" length long-chain fatty acids, such as pentadecanoic acid, are derived from the consumption of cattle fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of pentadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID: 9701185; PMID: 11238766). A fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Pentadecanoic acid constitutes 1.05\\\\% of milk fat and 0.43\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185; PMID 11238766). Pentadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common bean, coriander, pepper (c. annuum), and hamburger. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 248 Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone. Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.
12,13-DiHOME
12,13-DHOME (CAS: 263399-35-5), also known as 12,13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid or 12,13-DiHOME, is the epoxide hydrolase metabolite of the leukotoxin 12,13-EpOME. 12,13-EpOME acts as a protoxin, with the corresponding epoxide hydrolase 12,13-DHOME specifically exerting toxicity. Both the EpOME and the DHOME are shown to have neutrophil chemotactic activity. 12,13-DHOME suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst by a mechanism distinct from that of respiratory burst inhibitors such as cyclosporin H or lipoxin A4, which inhibit multiple aspects of neutrophil activation. 12,13-DHOME is a derivative of the linoleic acid diol that has been reported to be toxic in human tissue preparations. 12,13-DHOME is a naturally occurring proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 ligand, which stimulates adipocytes and inhibits osteoblast differentiation (PMID: 17435320, 12021203, 12127265). 12,13-DHOME is the epoxide hydrolase metabolite of the leukotoxin12,13-EpOME. 12,13-EpOMEs act as a protoxin, with the corresponding epoxide hydrolase 12,13-DiHOME specifically exerting toxicity. Both the EpOME and the DiHOME are shown to have neutrophil chemotactic activity. 12,13-DiHOME suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst by a mechanism distinct from that of respiratory burst inhibitors such as cyclosporin H or lipoxin A4,which inhibit multiple aspects of neutrophil activation. 12,13-DHOME is a derivative of linoleic acid diol that have been reported to be toxic in humans tissue preparations. 12,13-DHOME is a naturally occurring proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 ligand, which stimulates adipocytes and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. (PMID: 17435320, 12021203, 12127265) [HMDB]
2-Hydroxymyristic acid
2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677) [HMDB] 2-Hydroxymyristic acid is an analog of myristic acid that becomes metabolically activated in cells to form 2-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Treatment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits the myristoylation and alters the stability of p56lck. (PMID 8103677).
Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid
Dihomolinolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid or (11z,14z,17z)-eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, dihomolinolenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Dihomolinolenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihomolinolenic acid can be found in evening primrose, which makes dihomolinolenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Dihomolinolenic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. Dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid, also known as 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 series. In normal humans, it represents less than 0.25\\% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. However, it is one of the most active essential fatty acids when assayed for the inhibition of fatty acid elongation/desaturation reactions which convert dietary C-18 fatty acids to C-20 eicosanoid precursors. (http://www.caymanchem.com)
Dihomolinoleate (20:2n6)
Eicosadienoic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid found in human milk (PMID: 15256803). Omega-6 fatty acids are a family of unsaturated fatty acids which have in common a carbon-carbon double bond in the n−6 position; that is, the sixth bond from the end of the fatty acid. The biological effects of the omega−6 fatty acids are largely mediated by their conversion to n-6 eicosanoids that bind to diverse receptors found in every tissue of the body. Eicosadienoic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Isolated from lipids of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) Eicosadienoic acid is a rare, naturally occurring n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found mainly in animal tissues[1][2]. Eicosadienoic acid is a rare, naturally occurring n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found mainly in animal tissues[1][2].
11Z-Eicosenoic acid（20:1）
11Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as gondoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). More specifically, 11Z-Eicosenoic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of nuts and plant oils. It is not produced by humans and comes from the diet. It has been found in the red blood cell membrane with increased concentrations in children with regressive autism (PMID: 16581239 ). (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid is an icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a gondoate. cis-11-Eicosenoic acid is a natural product found in Delphinium fissum, Calophyllum inophyllum, and other organisms with data available. Gondoic Acid is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and the sole double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the bond in the cis- configuration. See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of). Constituent of rape oil and fish oils as glycerideand is also in other plant oils, e.g. false flax (Camelina sativa), and swede (Brassica napobrassica) cis-11-Eicosenoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5561-99-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 5561-99-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].
Vaccenic acid
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Its IUPAC name is (11E)-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 trans-11. The name was derived from the Latin vacca (cow). Vaccenic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Vaccenic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
15-KETE
15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE. [HMDB] 15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE.
5-KETE
5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), 5-lipoxygenase product is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family.(PMID:18292294) [HMDB] 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), 5-lipoxygenase product is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family.(PMID:18292294).
9,10-DiHOME
9,10-Dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid (CAS: 263399-34-4), also known as 9,10-DHOME, is a derivative of linoleic acid diol and has been reported to be toxic in humans tissue preparations. 9,10-DHOME is a naturally occurring proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 ligand, which stimulates adipocytes and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. 9,10-DHOME is the epoxide hydrolase metabolite of the leukotoxin 9,10-EpOME. 9,10-EpOME act as a protoxin, with the corresponding epoxide hydrolase metabolite 9,10-DHOME, specifically exerting toxicity. Both 9,10-EpOME and 9,10-DHOME are shown to have neutrophil chemotactic activity. 9,10-DHOME suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst by a mechanism distinct from that of respiratory burst inhibitors such as cyclosporin H or lipoxin A4, which inhibit multiple aspects of neutrophil activation (PMID: 12021203, 12127265, 17435320). 9,10-DHOME is found in fruits and can be isolated from the seeds of Cucurbita pepo. 9,10-DHOME is a derivative of linoleic acid diol that have been reported to be toxic in humans tissue preparations. 9,10-DHOME is a naturally occurring proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 ligand, which stimulates adipocytes and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. 9,10-DHOME is the epoxide hydrolase metabolite of the leukotoxin 9,10--EpOME. 9,10-EpOMEs act as a protoxin, with the corresponding epoxide hydrolase 9,10-DiHOME specifically exerting toxicity. Both the 9,10-EpOME and the 9,10-DiHOME are shown to have neutrophil chemotactic activity. 9,10-DiHOME suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst by a mechanism distinct from that of respiratory burst inhibitors such as cyclosporin H or lipoxin A4,which inhibit multiple aspects of neutrophil activation. (PMID: 12021203, 12127265, 17435320) [HMDB]
14,15-Epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 eicosanoids epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597). 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a metabolite of arachidonic acid. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid eicosanoid, a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597) [HMDB] 8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid eicosanoid, a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The P450 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous lipid mediators produced by P450 epoxygenases and metabolized through multiple pathways including soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The cytochrome P-450 (P450) monooxygenase pathway includes enzymes of the CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2E, and CYP2J subfamilies that catalyze the formation of four regioisomeric products, 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are produced in brain and perform important biological functions, including protection from ischemic injury. Both light flashes and direct glial stimulation produce vasodilatation mediated by EETs. EETs may be involved in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats, but not in excessive collagen deposition or electrophysiological abnormalities. EETs have vasodilator and natriuretic effect. Blockade of EET formation is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Four regioisomeric cis-EET are primary products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Upon hydration by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EET are metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). These hydration products are more stable and less biologically active than EETs. (PMID: 17494091, 17468203, 17434916, 17406062, 17361113, 15581597). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
12-HHTrE
12(S)-HHTrE is an unusual product of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and one of the primary arachidonic acid metabolites of the human platelet.1 It is biosynthesized by thromboxane (TX) synthesis from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) concurrently with TXA2. The biological role of 12(S)-HHTrE is uncertain. It is avidly oxidized to 12-oxoHTrE by porcine 15-hydroxy PGDH. [HMDB] 12(S)-HHTrE is an unusual product of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and one of the primary arachidonic acid metabolites of the human platelet.1 It is biosynthesized by thromboxane (TX) synthesis from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) concurrently with TXA2. The biological role of 12(S)-HHTrE is uncertain. It is avidly oxidized to 12-oxoHTrE by porcine 15-hydroxy PGDH.
9,12,13-TriHOME
9,12,13-TriHOME is a trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid metabolite of linoleic acid, one of the major fatty acids found in lipids. Vascular tissue converts various polyunsaturated fatty acids to monohydroxy and trihydroxy metabolites derived from hydroperoxides which may be involved in regulating prostaglandin synthesis. The absolute amounts of 9,12,13-TriHOME varies considerably from one species to another. There are several possible mechanisms for the formation of esterified oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids: oxygenated and then incorporated into lipids, not well incorporated into either vascular endothelial or smooth muscle cells, or could accumulated in lipids either due to autoxidation in vivo or to the action of an enzyme similar to Iipoxygenase. (PMID: 3997883, 6414520) [HMDB] 9,12,13-TriHOME is a trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid metabolite of linoleic acid, one of the major fatty acids found in lipids. Vascular tissue converts various polyunsaturated fatty acids to monohydroxy and trihydroxy metabolites derived from hydroperoxides which may be involved in regulating prostaglandin synthesis. The absolute amounts of 9,12,13-TriHOME varies considerably from one species to another. There are several possible mechanisms for the formation of esterified oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids: oxygenated and then incorporated into lipids, not well incorporated into either vascular endothelial or smooth muscle cells, or could accumulated in lipids either due to autoxidation in vivo or to the action of an enzyme similar to Iipoxygenase. (PMID: 3997883, 6414520). Pinellic acid is a trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid with hydroxy groups at positions C-9, -12, and 13, and an E (cis) double bond at position 10. It has a role as an adjuvant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is functionally related to a 13(S)-HPODE. Pinellic acid is a natural product found in Pinellia ternata, Bupleurum falcatum, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid with hydroxy groups at positions C-9, -12, and 13, and an E (cis) double bond at position 10.
9,10,13-TriHOME
9,10,13-TriHOME is a trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid metabolite of linoleic acid, one of the major fatty acids found in lipids. Vascular tissue converts various polyunsaturated fatty acids to monohydroxy and trihydroxy metabolites derived from hydroperoxides which may be involved in regulating prostaglandin synthesis. [HMDB] 9,10,13-TriHOME is a trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid metabolite of linoleic acid, one of the major fatty acids found in lipids. Vascular tissue converts various polyunsaturated fatty acids to monohydroxy and trihydroxy metabolites derived from hydroperoxides which may be involved in regulating prostaglandin synthesis.
xi-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
xi-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is found in herbs and spices. xi-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a constituent of leaf cutins of rosemary. Constituent of leaf cutins of rosemary. xi-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is found in herbs and spices.
20-Carboxy-leukotriene B4
20-Carboxyleukotriene B4 is an omega-oxidized metabolite of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Neutrophil microsomes are known to oxidize 20-hydroxy-LTB4 (20-OH-LTB4) to its 20-oxo and 20-carboxy derivatives in the presence of NADPH. This activity has been ascribed to LTB4 omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450LTB omega). Leukotriene B4 release from polymorphonuclear granulocytes of severely burned patients was reduced as compared to healthy donor cells. This decrease is due to an enhanced conversion of LTB4 into the 20-hydroxy- and 20-carboxy-metabolites and further to a decreased LTB4-synthesis. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. Other specific pathways of leukotriene metabolism include the 12-hydroxydehydrogenase/ 15-oxo-prostaglandin-13-reductase that form a series of conjugated diene metabolites that have been observed to be excreted into human urine. Metabolism of LTC4 occurs by sequential peptide cleavage reactions involving a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase that forms LTD4 (leukotriene D4) and a membrane-bound dipeptidase that converts LTD4 into LTE4 (leukotriene E4) before w-oxidation. These metabolic transformations of the primary leukotrienes are critical for termination of their biological activity, and defects in expression of participating enzymes may be involved in specific genetic disease. (PMID 17623009, 7633595, 2155225, 3039534)Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways.
(S)-10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid
10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, also known as 10,16-dhha, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid can be found in garden tomato (variety) and gooseberry, which makes 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (S)-10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid is found in garden tomato. (S)-10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a constituent of numerous plant cutins including apple and tomato.
Malvalic acid
Malvalic acid, also known as 2-octyl-1-cyclopropene-1-heptanoic acid or 8,9-methylen-8-heptadecensaeure, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, malvalic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Malvalic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Malvalic acid can be found in peanut and roselle, which makes malvalic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Malvalic acid is a cyclopropenic fatty acid found in cottonseed oil. The cyclopropene ring is thought to be one of the causes of abnormalities that develop in animals that ingest cottonseed oil. This reactivity could be cause for concern depending on concentration. Hydrogenation of the oil destroys malvalic acid .
Cyclohexaneundecanoic acid
Cyclohexaneundecanoic acid is found in fats and oils. Cyclohexaneundecanoic acid is a minor constituent of butterfat and sheep perinephric fa Minor constituent of butterfat and sheep perinephric fat. Cyclohexaneundecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products and fats and oils.
Levuglandin E2
Levuglandin E2 is a levuglandin generated in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Levuglandins (LGs) and their stereo and structural isomers are extraordinarily reactive γ-ketoaldehydes that are generated by rearrangements of prostanoid endoperoxide intermediates of polyene cyclooxygenation. Their rapid adduction with biological nucleophiles results, inter alia, in pathological modifications of proteins and DNA. It also complicates their detection. Cyclooxygenase-promoted lipid oxidation is a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of an array of physiologically active metabolites. COX fosters a highly regio and stereoselective cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) to deliver a single, enantiomerically pure endoperoxide, PGH2, that is a branch point in the biosynthesis of numerous hormone-like mediators of cellular activities. Spontaneous rearrangements of PGH2 were known to generate prostaglandins (PG) PGD2 and PGE2. (PMID: 15752459) [HMDB] Levuglandin E2 is a levuglandin generated in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Levuglandins (LGs) and their stereo and structural isomers are extraordinarily reactive γ-ketoaldehydes that are generated by rearrangements of prostanoid endoperoxide intermediates of polyene cyclooxygenation. Their rapid adduction with biological nucleophiles results, inter alia, in pathological modifications of proteins and DNA. It also complicates their detection. Cyclooxygenase-promoted lipid oxidation is a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of an array of physiologically active metabolites. COX fosters a highly regio and stereoselective cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) to deliver a single, enantiomerically pure endoperoxide, PGH2, that is a branch point in the biosynthesis of numerous hormone-like mediators of cellular activities. Spontaneous rearrangements of PGH2 were known to generate prostaglandins (PG) PGD2 and PGE2. (PMID: 15752459).
Levuglandin D2
Levuglandin D2 is one of the products of a non-enzymatically rearrangement of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to this highly reactive gamma-keto aldehyde. PGH2 markedly accelerates the formation of dimers and higher oligomers of amyloid beta1-42. This evidence implicates cyclooxygenase activity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, and is associated with the formation of levuglandin adducts of the peptide. Levuglandins (LGs) and their stereo and structural isomers are extraordinarily reactive γ-ketoaldehydes that are generated by rearrangements of prostanoid endoperoxide intermediates of polyene cyclooxygenation. Their rapid adduction with biological nucleophiles results, inter alia, in pathological modifications of proteins and DNA. It also complicates their detection. Cyclooxygenase-promoted lipid oxidation is a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of an array of physiologically active metabolites. COX fosters a highly regio and stereoselective cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) to deliver a single, enantiomerically pure endoperoxide, PGH2, that is a branch point in the biosynthesis of numerous hormone-like mediators of cellular activities. Spontaneous rearrangements of PGH2 were known to generate prostaglandins (PG) PGD2 and PGE2. (PMID: 12358806, 15752459, 3317517, 10224068) [HMDB] Levuglandin D2 is one of the products of a non-enzymatically rearrangement of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to this highly reactive gamma-keto aldehyde. PGH2 markedly accelerates the formation of dimers and higher oligomers of amyloid beta1-42. This evidence implicates cyclooxygenase activity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, and is associated with the formation of levuglandin adducts of the peptide. Levuglandins (LGs) and their stereo and structural isomers are extraordinarily reactive γ-ketoaldehydes that are generated by rearrangements of prostanoid endoperoxide intermediates of polyene cyclooxygenation. Their rapid adduction with biological nucleophiles results, inter alia, in pathological modifications of proteins and DNA. It also complicates their detection. Cyclooxygenase-promoted lipid oxidation is a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of an array of physiologically active metabolites. COX fosters a highly regio and stereoselective cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) to deliver a single, enantiomerically pure endoperoxide, PGH2, that is a branch point in the biosynthesis of numerous hormone-like mediators of cellular activities. Spontaneous rearrangements of PGH2 were known to generate prostaglandins (PG) PGD2 and PGE2. (PMID: 12358806, 15752459, 3317517, 10224068).
11H-14,15-EETA
11H-14,15-EETA is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001) [HMDB] 11H-14,15-EETA is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001).
(9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate
(9s,10s)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate is part of the Arachidonic acid metabolism, and Peroxisome pathways. It is a substrate for: Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2.
Nonadecanoic acid
Nonadecanoic acid, also known as n-nonadecanoic acid or nonadecylic acid or C19:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms, with nonadecanoic acid (its ester is called nonadecanoate) having 19 carbon atoms. Nonadecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water). It is a solid with a melting point of 69.4°C. It can be found in bacteria, plants, and animals (including animal milk) (Nature 176:882; PMID: 14168161). It is secreted by termites (Rhinotermes marginalis) as part of its defence mechanism (Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 71:731). Nonadecanoic acid is a C19 straight-chain fatty acid of plant or bacterial origin. An intermediate in the biodegradation of n-icosane, it has been shown to inhibit cancer growth. It has a role as a fungal metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a nonadecanoate. Nonadecanoic acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Malva sylvestris, and other organisms with data available. An odd-numbered long chain fatty acid, likely derived from bacterial or plant sources. Nonadecanoic acid has been found in ox fats and vegetable oils. It is also used by certain insects as a phermone. [HMDB]. A C19 straight-chain fatty acid of plant or bacterial origin. An intermediate in the biodegradation of n-icosane, it has been shown to inhibit cancer growth. Nonadecanoic acid is a 19-carbon long saturated fatty acid. Nonadecanoic acid is the major constituent of the substance secreted by Rhinotermes marginalis to defence[1]. Nonadecanoic acid is a 19-carbon long saturated fatty acid. Nonadecanoic acid is the major constituent of the substance secreted by Rhinotermes marginalis to defence[1].
9E-Heptadecenoic acid
9E-Heptadecenoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9E-Heptadecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. It has been detected in saliva. 9E-Heptadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils. It is a minor constituent of several animal and vegetable fats. Minor constituent of several animal and vegetable fats. (Z)-9-Heptadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils and italian sweet red pepper.
Tuberculostearic acid
Tuberculostearic acid is the characteristic fatty acid of acid-fast bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. (PMID 3329256). Tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) is a mycobacterial cell wall constituent that is possible to measure in plasma samples of patients with active tuberculosis. (PMID 14723350). Detection of tuberculostearic acid in cerebrospinal fluid by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has proven to be a very rapid, sensitive, and specific test for tuberculous meningitis. (PMID 8438134). Tuberculostearic acid can also be found in Actinomycetales (PMID: 109465). Tuberculostearic acid is the characteristic fatty acid of acid-fast bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. (PMID 3329256)
Floionolic acid
Floionolic acid, also known as 9,10,18-trihydroxy-octadecanoic acid or 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, floionolic acid is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule. Floionolic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Floionolic acid can be found in fruits, green vegetables, and pomes, which makes floionolic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Floionolic acid is found in fruits. Floionolic acid is a constituent of cork and other plants, e.g. olive (Olea europaea), apple wax, the famine food Agave americana and also cutins
16-Methylheptadecanoic acid
16-Methylheptadecanoic acid is found in animal foods. 16-Methylheptadecanoic acid is found in meats, liver and fat Found in meats, liver and fats Isostearic acid is a unique fatty acid. Isostearic acid is useful in pharmaceutical, personal care, and cosmetic products[1]. Isostearic acid is a unique fatty acid. Isostearic acid is useful in pharmaceutical, personal care, and cosmetic products[1].
8Z,11Z-eicosadienoic acid
8Z,11Z-eicosadienoic acid is also known as (8Z,11Z)-Eicosadienoate or 20:2(Omega-9), all-cis. 8Z,11Z-eicosadienoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 8Z,11Z-eicosadienoic acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid
5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid (Mead acid) is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene-interrupted cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the ninth carbon from the omega end. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-9). In the presence of lipoxygenase, Mead acid can form various hydroxy products (HETE). It is the only polyunsaturated fatty acid that the body can make de novo. Its elevated presence in the blood is an indication of essential fatty acid (EFA)deficiency. During dietary EFA insufficiency, especially arachidonic acid deficiency, the body will make Mead acid by the elongation and desaturation of oleic acid. (Wikipedia).
(E)-6-Hexadecenoic acid
(E)-6-Hexadecenoic acid is found in herbs and spices. (E)-6-Hexadecenoic acid is a constituent of parsley oil Constituent of parsley oil. (E)-6-Hexadecenoic acid is found in herbs and spices.
Paullinic acid
Paullinic acid is found in fats and oils. Paullinic acid is isolated from herring oil and rapeseed oil and from various Sapindacea Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.
Elaidic acid
Elaidic acid, also known as (9E)-octadecenoic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Elaidic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and occurs in small amounts in caprine and bovine milk (very roughly 0.1 \\\\% of the fatty acids) and some meats. It is the trans isomer of oleic acid. The name of the elaidinization reaction comes from elaidic acid. Elaidic acid increases CETP activity, which in turn raises VLDL and lowers HDL cholesterol (Wikipedia). COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Minor constituent of plant oils Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent.
17,18-EpETE
17,18-EpETE can be metabolized to novel epoxyprostaglandins. (PubChem) [HMDB] 17,18-EpETE can be metabolized to novel epoxyprostaglandins. (PubChem).
12-KETE
12-keto-eicosatetraenoic acid is a biologically active eicosanoid in the nervous system of Aplysia.It is a metabolite of 12-HPETE formed by Aplysia nervous tissue. 12-KETE was identified in incubations of the tissue with arachidonic acid using HPLC, UV spectrometry, and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. [3H]12-KETE is formed from endogenous lipid stores in nervous tissue, labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid upon stimulation by application of histamine. In L14 and L10 cells, identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion, applications of 12-KETE elicit changes in membrane potential similar to those evoked by histamine.[PMID:2774398] [HMDB] 12-keto-eicosatetraenoic acid is a biologically active eicosanoid in the nervous system of Aplysia.It is a metabolite of 12-HPETE formed by Aplysia nervous tissue. 12-KETE was identified in incubations of the tissue with arachidonic acid using HPLC, UV spectrometry, and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. [3H]12-KETE is formed from endogenous lipid stores in nervous tissue, labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid upon stimulation by application of histamine. In L14 and L10 cells, identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion, applications of 12-KETE elicit changes in membrane potential similar to those evoked by histamine.[PMID:2774398].
2-hydroxystearate
2-Hydroxystearic acid (CAS: 629-22-1), also known as 2-hydroxystearate or 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. The chain of 2-hydroxystearic acid bears a hydroxyl group. 2-Hydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-Hydroxystearic acid can be found in feces. 2-Hydroxystearic acid can be synthesized from octadecanoic acid, and can be synthesized into 2-hydroxystearoyl-CoA and N-2-hydroxystearoylsphingosine.
Notoginsenoside Fa
Notoginsenoside Fa is found in tea. Notoginsenoside Fa is a constituent of leaves of Panax notoginseng (ginseng) Notoginsenoside Fa is a natural product found in Panax notoginseng and Panax japonicus with data available. Notoginsenoside Fa, a protopanaxadiol (ppd)-type saponin isolated from P. notoginseng, could possibly activate and recover the function of degenerated brain[1][2]. Notoginsenoside Fa, a protopanaxadiol (ppd)-type saponin isolated from P. notoginseng, could possibly activate and recover the function of degenerated brain[1][2].
13-Methylmyristic acid
Isopentadecanoic acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 13 by a methyl group. It is a long-chain fatty acid, a branched-chain saturated fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isopentadecanoate. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces manipurensis, Myrmekioderma rea, and other organisms with data available. 13-Methyltetradecanoic Acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid that is comprised of tetradecanoic acid with a methyl group on the carbon in the thirteenth position. 13-Methylmyristic acid (CAS# 2485-71-4), also known as 13-methyltetradecanoic acid, iso-pentadecanoic acid, 13-methyltetradecanoic acid, 13-MTD, or 13-MTDA, is an iso-fatty acid. It is used to study the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via the AKT and MAPK pathways. 13-MTDA is used for the biosynthesis of methyl-branched polyhydroxyalkanoates A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 13 by a methyl group. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), a saturated branched-chain fatty acid with potent anticancer effects. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid induces apoptosis in many types of human cancer cells[1][2]. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), a saturated branched-chain fatty acid with potent anticancer effects. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid induces apoptosis in many types of human cancer cells[1][2].
9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxyoctadecanoic acid that is octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) which has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. It is a conjugate acid of a 9-hydroxyoctadecanoate. 9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. 9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (9-HSA) is an HDAC1 inhibitor that inhibits ～66.4\% HDAC1 enzymatic activity at 5 μM. 9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid shows anticancer activity[1].
Tetradecanedioic acid
Tetradecanedioic acid, also known as 1,14-tetradecanedioate or NSC 9504, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tetradecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Tetradecanedioic acid is a C14 dicarboxylic acid. [HMDB] Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated agent-agent interactions [1].
Tetranor 12-HETE
12(S)-HETE is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism through the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. It is primarily found in platelets, leukocytes, and to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells. It enhances tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, fibronectin, and the subendothelial matrix. tetranor-12(S)-HETE is the major β-oxidation product resulting from peroxisomal metabolism of 12(S)-HETE in numerous tissues, and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. No biological function has yet been determined for tetranor-12(S)-HETE. Some data indicate it may play a role in controlling the inflammatory response in injured corneas.4 In some diseases (e.g., Zellweger’s Syndrome) peroxisomal abnormalities result in the inability of cells to metabolize 12(S)-HETE, which may be responsible for symptoms of the disease. The tetranor derivative of 12(S)-HETE is available as a research tool for the elucidation of the metabolic fate of its parent compound. (http://www.caymanchem.com)
Hypogeic acid
7z-palmitoleic acid, also known as (Z)-7-hexadecenoic acid or 16:1 cis7, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 7z-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 7z-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7z-palmitoleic acid can be found in peanut, which makes 7z-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 7z-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in blood. Hypogeic acid is a fatty acids found in human milk Approximately 50\\% of the dietary calories in human milk are supplied to new-borns as fat. More than 98\\% of this milk fat is in the form of triglycerides, which contain fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid composition in human milk changes in colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk. Knowledge of fatty acid composition of human milk is of importance for the manufacture of infant formulas, determination of the influence of diet in fatty acid composition of human milk and changes in composition with lactation. (CAN 136:246580, AN 2002:67899).
Trans-Hexa-dec-2-enoic acid
Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid, also known as hexadecenoic acid, (E)-isomer or (2e)-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid can be found in caraway, which makes trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid converted from (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid via two enzymes; fatty-acid Synthase and 3- Hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 4.2.1.61).
(R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid
In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid via fatty-acid Synthase and 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC:2.3.1.41) [HMDB] In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid via fatty-acid Synthase and 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC:2.3.1.41).
(9E)-9-nitrooctadecenoic Acid
(9E)-9-nitrooctadecenoic Acid, also known as (e)-9-Nitrooctadec-9-enoate, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. (9E)-9-nitrooctadecenoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. (9E)-9-nitrooctadecenoic Acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
(9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic Acid
(9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic Acid, also known as 10-Nitroelaidic acid or (e)-10-Nitrooctadec-9-enoate, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. (9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. (9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic Acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
ctadecanedioate (C18-DC)
Octadecanedioic acid, also known as 1,18-octadecanedioate or octadecane-1,18-dioate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. In the case of octadecanedioic acid, it has carboxyl groups at both ends of the chain, not just one. Octadecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water). Octadecanedioic acid is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid normally not found in humans that has been identified in the blood serum in Reyes syndrome patients (PMID: 3746531). There may also be an association with colorectal cancer (PMID: 25037050). Octadecanedioic acid is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid normally not found in humans that has been identified in blood serum in Reyes syndrome patients (PMID 3746531) [HMDB] Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome[1]. Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome[1].
Heneicosanoic acid
Henicosanoic acid, also known as N-heneicosanoate or 21:0,is a long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a henicosanoate. Heneicosanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Heneicosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heneicosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Isolated from olive oil (Olea europaea) Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3]. Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals[1][2][3].
Heptadecanoic acid
Heptadecanoic acid, or margaric acid, is a saturated fatty acid. It occurs as a trace component of the fat and milkfat of ruminants, but it does not occur in any natural animal or vegetable fat at concentrations over half a percent. Salts and esters of heptadecanoic acid are called heptadecanoates (Wikipedia). Heptadecanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are dandelion, potato, ginger, and green bean. Heptadecanoic acid is a constituent of Erythrina crista-galli trunkwood and bark. Common constituent of lipids, e.g. present in Physalia physalis (Portuguese-man-of-war). Heptadecanoic acid is a fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Heptadecanoic acid constitutes 0.61\\\\% of milk fat and 0.83\\\\% of ruminant meat fat. The content of heptadecanoic acid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans appears to be a good biological marker of long-term milk fat intake in free-living individuals in populations with high consumption of dairy products. (PMID 9701185). Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1]. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].
10-nonadecenoate (19:1n9)
10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a C19 chain as a backbone and a cis double bond at the C10 position. It is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 10Z-Nonadecenoic acid can be found in blood and feces. Within the cell, 10Z-nonadecenoic acid is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. Nonadeca-10(Z)-enoic acid is a fatty acid that has C19 chain as backbone and a cis double bond at the C10 position [HMDB]
10-heptadecenoate (17:1n7)
10Z-Heptadecenoic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid with an unsaturated double bond at the 10th carbon. Heptadecanoic acid, or margaric acid, is a saturated fatty acid. Its molecular formula is CH3(CH2)15COOH. It occurs as a trace component of the fat and milkfat of ruminants, but it does not occur in any natural animal or vegetable fat at concentrations over half a percent. Salts and esters of heptadecanoic acid are called heptadecanoates.
Isopalmitic acid
Isopalmitic acid is found in milk and milk products. Isopalmitic acid occurs in butterfa Occurs in butterfat. Isopalmitic acid is found in milk and milk products.
14R,15S-EpETrE
14R,15S-EpETrE is the dominant extracellular metabolite of epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid released from human luteinised granulosa cells. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001) [HMDB] 14R,15S-EpETrE is the dominant extracellular metabolite of epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid released from human luteinised granulosa cells. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) have been reported recently having vasodilatory effects and a role of P-450-dependent arachidonic acid monooxygenase metabolites is suggested in vasoregulation. The physiological role of this compound has not been totally established, although in other tissues EpETrEs are mainly involved in hormone production and in the vascular and renal systems. Some studies have implicated epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of steroidogenesis in luteinised granulosa cells. (PMID: 12749593, 12361727, 1650001). D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
14,15-EpETE
14,15-EpETE is an oxygenated lipid found in human blood. This fatty acyl belongs to the main class of eicosanoids and sub class of other eicosanoids. (Lipid Maps) [HMDB] 14,15-EpETE is an oxygenated lipid found in human blood. This fatty acyl belongs to the main class of eicosanoids and sub class of other eicosanoids. (Lipid Maps).
13-Oxo-9,11-tridecadienoic acid
13-Oxo-9,11-tridecadienoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. 13-Oxo-9,11-tridecadienoic acid is a stress metabolite of the pseudocereal Chenopodium album (lambsquarters Stress metabolite of the pseudocereal Chenopodium album (lambsquarters). 13-Oxo-9,11-tridecadienoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products.
15(16)-EpODE
15(16)-EpODE is an oxygenated lipid that is present in human blood. This fatty acyl belongs to the main class of octadecanoids and sub class of other octadecanoids. (Lipid Maps) [HMDB] 15(16)-EpODE is an oxygenated lipid that is present in human blood. This fatty acyl belongs to the main class of octadecanoids and sub class of other octadecanoids. (Lipid Maps).
12(13)Ep-9-KODE
trans-12,13-epoxy-11-oxo-trans-9-octadecenoic acid is a novel product from 13-L (S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid under degradation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides by a cysteine . FeCl3 catalyst as a model for similar biochemical reactions. III. [HMDB] trans-12,13-epoxy-11-oxo-trans-9-octadecenoic acid is formed from 13-L (S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid by a cysteine • FeCl3 redox couple in the presence of O2 (PMID: 7284410).
trans-Tetra-dec-2-enoic acid
In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid converted from (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid via two enzymes; fatty-acid Synthase and 3- Hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 4.2.1.61). [HMDB] In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid converted from (R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid via two enzymes; fatty-acid Synthase and 3- Hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 4.2.1.61).
9-Oxooctadecanoic acid
9-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 9-Oxooctadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 9-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
9Z-Eicosenoic acid
Cis-gadoleic acid, also known as (Z)-eicos-9-enoic acid or 9c-eicosensaeure, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-gadoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-gadoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-gadoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as breakfast cereal, allium (onion), carrot, and sugar substitute, which makes cis-gadoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-gadoleic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. 9Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as gadoleic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9Z-Eicosenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 9Z-Eicosenoic acid can be found in a number of food items such as lemon, sugar, garlic, and mung bean, which makes 9Z-eicosenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 9Z-Eicosenoic acid can be found in feces, blood, and urine. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1]. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts[1].
3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid
3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid is also known as 3-Hydroxyeicosanoate or 3-Hydroxyarachidic acid. 3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid can be synthesized from arachidic acid. 3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid can be synthesized into 3-hydroxyicosanoyl-CoA. 3-hydroxyicosanoic Acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
Ganosporeric acid A
Constituent of rape oil and fish oils as glycerideand is also in other plant oils, e.g. false flax (Camelina sativa), and swede (Brassica napobrassica) Ganosporeric acid A is found in mushrooms. Ganosporeric acid A is a constituent of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi). Ganosporeric acid A, a natural product, is isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganosporeric acid A can be used for the research of liver injury[1]. Ganosporeric acid A, a natural product, is isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganosporeric acid A can be used for the research of liver injury[1].
6-Ketomyristic acid
6-Ketomyristic acid is found in milk and milk products. 6-Ketomyristic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 6-Ketomyristic acid is found in milk and milk products.
9,10,13-Trihydroxystearic acid
Constituent of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) roots. 9,10,13-Trihydroxystearic acid is found in yellow wax bean and green bean. 9,10,13-Trihydroxystearic acid is a constituent of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) roots
(E)-11-Hexadecenoic acid
(E)-11-Hexadecenoic acid is found in herbs and spices. (E)-11-Hexadecenoic acid is isolated from Chrysanthemum vulgare (tansy). Isolated from Chrysanthemum vulgare (tansy). (E)-11-Hexadecenoic acid is found in herbs and spices.
A-12(13)-EpODE
a-12(13)-EpODE is an oxygenated lipid found in human blood. This fatty acyl belongs to the octadecanoid class. (Lipid Maps).
Cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid
Cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid is an eicosanoid present in marine lipids, a minor n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which is a position isomer of 20:4n-6. n-3 PUFA contained in marine lipids appear to have a protective effect against coronary heart disease and thrombosis. Human platelets metabolize 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid primarily into 12-hydroxy-8,10,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid. The eicosanoids are a diverse family of molecules that have powerful effects on cell function. They are best known as intercellular messengers, having autocrine and paracrine effects following their secretion from the cells that synthesize them. The diversity of possible products that can be synthesized from eicosatrienoic acid is due, in part to the variety of enzymes that can act on it. Studies have placed many, but not all, of these enzymes at or inside the nucleus. In some cases, the nuclear import or export of eicosatrienoic acid-processing enzymes is highly regulated. Furthermore, nuclear receptors that are activated by specific eicosanoids are known to exist. Taken together, these findings indicate that the enzymatic conversion of eicosatrienoic acid to specific signaling molecules can occur in the nucleus, that it is regulated, and that the synthesized products may act within the nucleus. PMID: 3109494, 8142566, 16574479, 15896193, 10037447). Trans fatty acids are characteristically produced during industrial hydrogenation of plant oils. Cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid is an eicosanoid present in marine lipids, a minor n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which is a position isomer of 20:4n-6. n-3 PUFA contained in marine lipids appear to have a protective effect against coronary heart disease and thrombosis. Human platelets metabolize 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid primarily into 12-hydroxy-8,10,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid. The eicosanoids are a diverse family of molecules that have powerful effects on cell function. They are best known as intercellular messengers, having autocrine and paracrine effects following their secretion from the cells that synthesize them. The diversity of possible products that can be synthesized from eicosatrienoic acid is due, in part to the variety of enzymes that can act on it. Studies have placed many, but not all, of these enzymes at or inside the nucleus. In some cases, the nuclear import or export of eicosatrienoic acid-processing enzymes is highly regulated. Furthermore, nuclear receptors that are activated by specific eicosanoids are known to exist. Taken together, these findings indicate that the enzymatic conversion of eicosatrienoic acid to specific signaling molecules can occur in the nucleus, that it is regulated, and that the synthesized products may act within the nucleus. PMID: 3109494, 8142566, 16574479, 15896193, 10037447)
5-Tetradecenoic acid
5-Tetradecenoic acid (CAS: 544-66-1), also known as physeterate or physeteric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 5-tetradecenoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 5-Tetradecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-Tetradecenoic acid can be found primarily in blood. Within the cell, 5-tetradecenoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and in the membrane. It can also be found in the extracellular space. 5-Tetradecenoic acid is an intermediate of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism found in the plasma of patients with very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 7586519).
8-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
8-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
13-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
11-Oxohexadecanoic acid
11-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 11-Oxohexadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 11-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
11-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
11-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
(±)-11-Methylhexadecanoic acid
(±)-11-Methylhexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. (±)-11-Methylhexadecanoic acid is a constituent of butter fat. Constituent of butter fat. (±)-11-Methylhexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
(Z)-15-Oxo-11-eicosenoic acid
(Z)-15-Oxo-11-eicosenoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. (Z)-15-Oxo-11-eicosenoic acid is isolated from wheat flour infested with the beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensi Isolated from wheat flour infested with the beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis. (Z)-15-Oxo-11-eicosenoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products.
(9Z,11R,12S,13S,15Z)-12,13-Epoxy-11-hydroxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid
Isolated from leaves of rice plants with rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae). (9Z,11R,12S,13S,15Z)-12,13-Epoxy-11-hydroxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. (9Z,11S,12S,13S,12Z)-12,13-Epoxy-11-hydroxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid is isolated from leaves of rice plants with rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae).
12-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
12-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D5. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It is found in animal foods, fish lipids, and is a component of F acid fraction present in beef blood serum. Present in fish lipids. Component of F acid fraction present in beef blood serum. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is found in fishes and animal foods.
16-Hydroxy-10-oxohexadecanoic acid
16-Hydroxy-10-oxohexadecanoic acid is found in citrus. 16-Hydroxy-10-oxohexadecanoic acid is a constituent of the fruit cutin of lemon Citrus limon. Constituent of the fruit cutin of lemon Citrus limon. 16-Hydroxy-10-oxohexadecanoic acid is found in citrus.
xi-16-Methyloctadecanoic acid
xi-16-Methyloctadecanoic acid is found in fishes. xi-16-Methyloctadecanoic acid occurs in butterfat and Baltic salmon. Occurs in butterfat and Baltic salmon. xi-16-Methyloctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products and fishes.
11-Hydroxy-9-tridecenoic acid
11-Hydroxy-9-tridecenoic acid is found in fruits. 11-Hydroxy-9-tridecenoic acid is a constituent of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) Constituent of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive). 11-Hydroxy-9-tridecenoic acid is found in fruits.
3-hydroxytridecanoic acid
3-Hydroxytridecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
8-Oxohexadecanoic acid
8-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 8-Oxohexadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 8-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
10-Oxooctadecanoic acid
10-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 10-Oxooctadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 10-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid
3-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 13M5. This refers to its 13-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety.
17-Methyloctadecanoic acid
17-Methyloctadecanoic acid, also known as 17-methylstearic acid, is a medium-chain saturated iso-fatty acid. 17-Methyloctadecanoic acid is found in fishes such as Baltic salmon. Occurs in Baltic salmon. xi-17-Methyloctadecanoic acid is found in fishes.
2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (CAS: 764-67-0), also known as 2-hydroxypalmitic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. The chain of 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid bears a hydroxyl group. 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid occurs in wool fat, which is used as a chewing gum softener. 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate in phytosphingosine metabolism[1].
(Z)-13-Octadecenoic acid
(Z)-13-Octadecenoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. (Z)-13-octadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, (Z)-13-octadecenoic acid is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. (Z)-13-Octadecenoic acid is a constituent of various lipid fractions from fish and some cooked foods.
7Z-tetradecenoic acid
7Z-tetradecenoic acid is also known as (7Z)-Tetradec-7-enate or (cis-Delta(7))-Tetradecenoic acid. 7Z-tetradecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 7Z-tetradecenoic acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
7-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
7-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
(Z)-5-Hexadecenoic acid
(Z)-5-Hexadecenoic acid is found in fruits. (Z)-5-Hexadecenoic acid is isolated from Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (serendipity berry Isolated from Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (serendipity berry). (Z)-5-Hexadecenoic acid is found in fruits.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid
3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furantridecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 13D5. This refers to its 13-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety.
xi-7-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid
xi-7-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is found in fruits. xi-7-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is a constituent of various plant cutins including Indian wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and tomato. Constituent of various plant cutins including Indian wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and tomato. xi-7-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is found in fruits and garden tomato.
12-Hydroxystearic acid
12-Hydroxystearic acid, also known as 12-HSA, (CAS# 36377-33-0), can be found in edible vegetable oils such as canola oil and castor oil
(S)-17-Hydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid
(S)-17-Hydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid is found in nuts. (S)-17-Hydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid is isolated from Coula edulis. Isolated from Coula edulis. (S)-17-Hydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid is found in nuts.
(E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid
(E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid is found in fruits. (E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid is a constituent of the root lipids of the famine food Ximenia americana. Also from Santalum acuminatum (quandong) Constituent of the root lipids of the famine food Ximenia americanaand is also from Santalum acuminatum (quandong). (E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid is found in fruits.
Sciadonic acid
Sciadonic acid is found in fats and oils. Sciadonic acid is isolated from tall oil (Pinus sylvestris) and from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo Isolated from tall oil (Pinus sylvestris) and from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). Sciadonic acid is found in fats and oils.
15-Methylpalmitate
15-Methylpalmitate, also known as 15-methylhexadecanoate, is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It has an exact mass of 269.25 g/mol and the molecular formula is C17H33O2. Methylpalmitate is a biomarker for the consumption of butte
(R)-3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic acid
In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid via 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 1.1.1.100) [HMDB] In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid via 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 1.1.1.100).
(S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acid
(S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acid is found in fats and oils. (S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acid occurs in several animal fat Occurs in several animal fats. (S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acid is found in fats and oils.
Hexadecadienoate (16:2n6)
7Z,10Z-Hexadecadienoic acid is a conjugated dienoic fatty acid metabolite of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). CLAs are a naturally occurring group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, with potential beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis or obesity in human. Although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, it has been proposed that the anti-atherogenic actions comprise reduction of membrane-bound arachidonic acid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ-dependent inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and subsequently reduced prostanoid release. (PMID 16275160).
Goshuyic acid
Goshuyic acid, also known as (Z,Z)-5,8-tetradecadienoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Goshuyic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, goshuyic acid is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. Goshuyic acid is an intermediate of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation. An increase of goshuyic acid in plasma is associated with acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency disorders (PMID: 7586519). Goshuyic acid is found in fats and oils and is a minor constituent of rape oil. Minor constituent of rape oil. (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienoic acid is found in fats and oils.
12(13)-epoxy-6Z,9Z-octadecadienoic acid
12(13)-epoxy-6Z,9Z-octadecadienoic acid is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 12(13)-epoxy-6Z,9Z-octadecadienoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 12(13)-epoxy-6Z,9Z-octadecadienoic acid is an octadecanoid lipid molecule
7Z-octadecenoic acid
7Z-octadecenoic acid, also known as 7Z-Octadecenoate, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 7Z-octadecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 7Z-octadecenoic acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
9-Pentadecenoic acid
9-Pentadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils. 9-Pentadecenoic acid occurs in animal fa Occurs in animal fat. 9-Pentadecenoic acid is found in fats and oils.
11-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
11-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
5-Octadecynoic acid
5-Octadecynoic acid is found in fruits. 5-Octadecynoic acid is a constituent of the roots of Ximenia americana (tallow nut) Constituent of the roots of Ximenia americana (tallow nut). 5-Octadecynoic acid is found in fruits.
10-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
10-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
Tsuzuic acid
Tsuzuic acid is a fatty acid. Tsuzuic acid is found in the seeds of some plants from the Lauraceae family, and is occasionally found in human adipose tissue and biofluids. It has been part of a screening analysis to identify fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders. (CAN 136:180078, PMID: 3372640, 11750281, 17805664) [HMDB] Tsuzuic acid is a fatty acid. Tsuzuic acid is found in the seeds of some plants from the Lauraceae family, and is occasionally found in human adipose tissue and biofluids. It has been part of a screening analysis to identify fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders. (CAN 136:180078, PMID: 3372640, 11750281, 17805664).
5-Oxooctadecanoic acid
5-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 5-Oxooctadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fat. Trace constituent of milk fat. 5-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
(10Z,14E,16E)-10,14,16-Octadecatrien-12-ynoic acid
(10Z,14E,16E)-10,14,16-Octadecatrien-12-ynoic acid is found in fruits. (10Z,14E,16E)-10,14,16-Octadecatrien-12-ynoic acid is a constituent of the roots of Ximenia americana (tallow nut) Constituent of the roots of Ximenia americana (tallow nut). (10Z,14E,16E)-10,14,16-Octadecatrien-12-ynoic acid is found in fruits.
3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid
3-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
7-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
7-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
(E)-3-Hexadecenoic acid
(E)-3-Hexadecenoic acid is found in green vegetables. (E)-3-Hexadecenoic acid is a constituent of many plant systems including spinach leaves and red clover (Trifolium pratense). Constituent of many plant systems including spinach leaves and red clover (Trifolium pratense). (E)-3-Hexadecenoic acid is found in tea, herbs and spices, and green vegetables.
xi-8-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid
xi-8-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is found in fruits. xi-8-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is a constituent of various plant cutins including Indian wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and tomato. Constituent of various plant cutins including Indian wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and tomato. xi-8-Hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid is found in fruits and garden tomato.
9-Oxohexadecanoic acid
9-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 9-Oxohexadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 9-Oxohexadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
(R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid
In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid via fatty-acid Synthase and 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 2.3.1.41) [HMDB] In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid is converted from 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid via fatty-acid Synthase and 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] reductase. (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 2.3.1.41).
(-)-11-Hydroxy-9,15,16-trioxooctadecanoic acid
(-)-11-Hydroxy-9,15,16-trioxooctadecanoic acid is found in fruits. (-)-11-Hydroxy-9,15,16-trioxooctadecanoic acid is isolated from the seeds of Sambucus nigra (elderberry). Isolated from the seeds of Sambucus nigra (elderberry). (-)-11-Hydroxy-9,15,16-trioxooctadecanoic acid is found in fruits.
5,8,12-Trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid
5,8,12-Trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. 5,8,12-Trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid is a constituent of wheat bran Constituent of wheat bran. 5,8,12-Trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid is found in cereals and cereal products.
2(R)-hydroxyicosanoic acid
2(R)-Hydroxyicosanoic acid is along-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
(Z)-14-Methyl-6-pentadecenoic acid
(Z)-14-Methyl-6-pentadecenoic acid is found in mollusks. (Z)-14-Methyl-6-pentadecenoic acid is isolated from the freshwater mussel Unio tumidus. Isolated from the freshwater mussel Unio tumidus. (Z)-14-Methyl-6-pentadecenoic acid is found in mollusks.
12-Methyltridecanoic acid
12-Methyltridecanoic acid is found in fishes. 12-Methyltridecanoic acid occurs in Baltic salmon and sperm whal Occurs in Baltic salmon and sperm whale. 12-Methyltridecanoic acid is found in fishes.
(Z)-13-Hexadecenoic acid
(Z)-13-Hexadecenoic acid is found in fishes. (Z)-13-Hexadecenoic acid is isolated from herring oi Isolated from herring oil. (Z)-13-Hexadecenoic acid is found in fishes.
Corticrocin
Isolated from paprika (Capsicum annuum). Corticrocin is found in many foods, some of which are yellow bell pepper, orange bell pepper, herbs and spices, and red bell pepper. Corticrocin is found in herbs and spices. Corticrocin is isolated from paprika (Capsicum annuum
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
3,4-dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D3. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety.
Omega-Carboxy-trinor-leukotriene B4
omega-Carboxy-trinor-leukotriene B4 belongs to the leukotriene family. Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. omega-Carboxy-trinor-leukotriene B4 belongs to the leukotriene family
11-Oxooctadecanoic acid
11-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products. 11-Oxooctadecanoic acid is a trace constituent of milk fa Trace constituent of milk fat. 11-Oxooctadecanoic acid is found in milk and milk products.
3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
3-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11M5. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It is a constituent of fats of the liver and gonads of fishes, e.g. pike (Esox lucius). Constituent of fats of the liver and gonads of fishes, e.g. pike (Esox lucius). 3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is found in fishes.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/9-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/9-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-OAHSA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, also known as 1,13-tridecanedioic acid or brassilic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Undecanedicarboxylic acid is an unusual odd-numbered dicarboxylic acid that appears in the urines of children with neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger syndrome, as an additional marker of these peroxisomal disorders. (PMID: 2943344) [HMDB] Tridecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
FAHFA(16:0/12-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/12-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-PAHSA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/12-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/12-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-OAHSA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/12-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/12-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-SAHSA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/9-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/9-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-SAHSA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/12-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/12-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-POHSA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
16(17)-EpDPE
16(17)-EpETE is the DHA homolog of 14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) activity of 16(17)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model (PMID: 12391014). EDHF is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators (PMID: 9504399, 10519554). Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as 14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator (PMID: 9401962). However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators.1,2 Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as 14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator.3 However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. 16(17)-EpETE is the DHA homolog of 14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The EDHF activity of 16(17)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model [HMDB]
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/9-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/9-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-POHSA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
12 Hydroxy arachidonic acid
This compound belongs to the family of Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids. These are eicosanoic acids with an attached hydroxyl group and four CC double bonds.......
3-Oxohexadecanoic acid
In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. 3-Oxo-hexadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-hexadecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via three enzymes; 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, fatty-acid Synthase and beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (EC:2.3.1.41, E.C: 2.3.1.85, 2.3.1.179) [HMDB] In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. 3-Oxo-hexadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-hexadecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via three enzymes; 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, fatty-acid Synthase and beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (EC:2.3.1.41, E.C: 2.3.1.85, 2.3.1.179).
3-Oxotetradecanoic acid
3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via three enzymes; 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, fatty-acid Synthase and beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (EC:2.3.1.41, E.C: 2.3.1.85, 2.3.1.179). In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. [HMDB] 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-tetradecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via three enzymes; 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, fatty-acid Synthase and beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (EC:2.3.1.41, E.C: 2.3.1.85, 2.3.1.179). In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid
3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid is an unusual 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid human metabolite found occasionally in urine. (PMID 2925825) High levels of 3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid (and other 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids) were detected in the urine of a patient with 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria (PMID 1507493), due to acute intoxication associated with hopantenate occurs owing to pantothenic acid deficiency or the inhibition of CoA-requiring reactions during stress, i.e., infection, prolonged fasting, or malnutrition (PMID 2026687), and in a patient with thanatophoric dysplasia due to enhanced but incomplete oxidation of fatty acid, a consequence of a heterozygous point mutation, S249C in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. (PMID 11879084) [HMDB] 3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid is an unusual 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid human metabolite found occasionally in urine. (PMID 2925825) High levels of 3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid (and other 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids) were detected in the urine of a patient with 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria (PMID 1507493), due to acute intoxication associated with hopantenate occurs owing to pantothenic acid deficiency or the inhibition of CoA-requiring reactions during stress, i.e., infection, prolonged fasting, or malnutrition (PMID 2026687), and in a patient with thanatophoric dysplasia due to enhanced but incomplete oxidation of fatty acid, a consequence of a heterozygous point mutation, S249C in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. (PMID 11879084).
5Z-Tetradecenoic acid
5Z-Tetradecenoic acid is an intermediate of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation that is incorporated in triglycerides, but not in phospholipids. 5Z-Tetradecenoic acid is found in the tissues of patients with mitochondrial beta-oxidation defects, particularly in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD1/VLCADD2), a genetic disorder (PMID: 2051892). 5Z-Tetradecenoic acid is also found to be associated with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), which are also inborn errors of metabolism. 5Z-Tetradecenoic acid is an intermediate of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation that is incorporated in triglycerides but not in phospholipids in tissues from patients with mitochondrial beta-oxidation defects, particularly in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD1/ VLCADD2). (PMID 2051892) [HMDB]
3-Oxooctadecanoic acid
3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via the enzyme, beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (E.C: 2.3.1.179). In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. [HMDB] 3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, 3-Oxo-Octadecanoic acid is converted from Malonic acid via the enzyme, beta-ketoacyl -acyl-carrier-protein synthase II. (E.C: 2.3.1.179). In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
Palmitelaidic acid
Palmitelaidic acid is a trans fatty acid (the trans isomer of palmitoleic acid). Trans fatty acids are known to cause changes in plasma lipids and lipoprotein phenotypes, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. The major dietary sources of trans fatty acids are partly hydrogenated vegetable oils, mainly elaidic acid (t-18:1D9). Additional sources are animal and dairy fats [palmitelaidic acid (t-16:1D9) and t-vaccenic acid (t-18:1D11)] and partly hydrogenated fish oils. (very-long-chain trans fatty acids, ie, >C22) (PMID: 9734731). Palmitelaidic acid has been reported as the predominant trans-16:1 isomer in cheeses made with goat and ewe milks (PMID: 11026624). Palmitelaidic acid is a trans fatty acid (the trans isomer of palmitoleic acid). Trans fatty acids are known to cause changes in plasma lipids and lipoprotein phenotypes, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. The major dietary sources of trans fatty acids are partly hydrogenated vegetable oils, mainly elaidic acid (t-18:1D9). Additional sources are animal and dairy fats [palmitelaidic acid (t-16:1D9) and t-vaccenic acid (t-18:1D11)] and partly hydrogenated fish oils
12-oxo-10,11-dihydro-20-COOH-LTB4
12-oxo-10,11-dihydro-20-COOH-LTB4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 12-oxo-10,11-dihydro-20-COOH-LTB4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737)
12-Oxo-20-carboxy-leukotriene B4
12-oxo-20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 is the metabolite of lipid omega-oxidation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Omega-oxidation is the major pathway for the catabolism of leukotriene B4 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region, and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by omega-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the omega-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation (PMID: 7649996, 17623009, 2853166, 6088485). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 12-oxo-20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 is the metabolite of lipid omega-oxidation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Omega-oxidation is the major pathway for the catabolism of leukotriene B4 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 7649996, 17623009, 2853166, 6088485)
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343, 9667737)
20-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane
20-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane, also known as 20-E4-NeuroP or 20H-E4np, is a member of the class of compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. Prostaglandins and related compounds are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five-member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid. 20-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 20-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space. Dinoprostone is equivalent to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It stimulates labor and delivery and thus terminates pregnancy. Dinoprostone is also capable of stimulating the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract of man. This activity may be responsible for the vomiting and/or diarrhea that is not uncommon when dinoprostone is used to terminate pregnancy. [HMDB]
15,16-Epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
15,16-Epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid is found in fats and oils. 15,16-Epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid is isolated from roots of rice plant, also from seed oil of false flax (Camelina sativa Isolated from roots of rice plant, also from seed oil of false flax (Camelina sativa). 15,16-Epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid is found in fats and oils.
(+)-15,16-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid
Prepared from Camelina sativa (false flax). (+)-15,16-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is found in fats and oils. (+)-15,16-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is found in fats and oils. Prepared from Camelina sativa (false flax
12,13-Epoxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid
12,13-Epoxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid is isolated from roots of rice plant Fukuyuk Isolated from roots of rice plant Fukuyuki.
6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid
6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid is found in green vegetables. 6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid is a constituent of Gnetum gnemon (bago) Constituent of Gnetum gnemon (bago). 6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid is found in nuts and green vegetables.
10,20-Dihydroxyeicosanoic acid
10,20-Dihydroxyeicosanoic acid is found in fruits. 10,20-Dihydroxyeicosanoic acid is isolated from the leaf cutin of Limonia acidissima (wood apple Isolated from the leaf cutin of Limonia acidissima (wood apple). 10,20-Dihydroxyeicosanoic acid is found in fruits.
15-Octadecene-9,11,13-triynoic acid
15-Octadecene-9,11,13-triynoic acid is found in fruits. 15-Octadecene-9,11,13-triynoic acid is a major component of the lipids of Santalum acuminatum (quandong Major component of the lipids of Santalum acuminatum (quandong). 15-Octadecene-9,11,13-triynoic acid is found in fruits.
(9S,10E,12S,13S)-9,12,13-Trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid
Pinellic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. Pinellic acid is isolated from a rice cultivar. Confers resistance to rice blast disease. Found in beer and blast-resistant rice
(beta-1-O-[N-(2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxy)anthraniloyl]-D-glucupyranuronic acid)
(beta-1-O-[N-(2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxy)anthraniloyl]-D-glucupyranuronic acid) belongs to the family of Glucuronides. These are compounds comprising the glucuronic acid linked to another substance via a glycosidic bond.
9-peroxy-5Z,7E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoate
This compound belongs to the family of Hydroperoxy Fatty Acids. These are fatty acids contaning a hydroperoxide group attached to the chain.
11-peroxy-5Z,8Z,12E,14Z-eicosatetraenoate
This compound belongs to the family of Hydroperoxy Fatty Acids. These are fatty acids contaning a hydroperoxide group attached to the chain.
3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
3-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11M3. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety.
3-hydroxymyristate
3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid (CAS: 1961-72-4) is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. (R)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid is the most common fatty acid constituent of the lipid A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid can be found in feces
3-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
3-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (CAS: 2398-34-7) is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of palmitic acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
12-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid
12-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
12-hydroxyicosanoic acid
12-Hydroxyicosanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
15-hydroxyicosanoic acid
15-Hydroxyicosanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
10-Methyltridecanoic acid
10-Methyltridecanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
9E-tetradecenoic acid
9E-tetradecenoic acid, also known as C14:1N-5 or Myristelaidic acid, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9E-tetradecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 9E-tetradecenoic acid is a fatty acid lipid molecule
10-Hydroxy-D4-neuroprostane
10-Hydroxy-D4-neuroprostane, also known as 10-D4-NeuroP or 10H-D4np, is a member of the class of compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. Prostaglandins and related compounds are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five-member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid. 10-Hydroxy-D4-neuroprostane is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 10-hydroxy-D4-neuroprostane is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space.
10-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane
10-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane, also known as 10-E4-NeuroP or 10H-E4np, is a member of the class of compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. Prostaglandins and related compounds are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five-member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid. 10-Hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 10-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP). It can also be found in the extracellular space.
18-carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4
18-carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4, also known as 18-COOH-19,20-LTB4, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 18-carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4 is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic
(6R,8Z)-6-Hydroxy-3-oxotetradecenoic acid
(6R,8Z)-6-Hydroxy-3-oxotetradecenoic acid, also known as 3-oxo-6(R)-hydroxy-tetradec-8-cis-enoate, is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule.
(6S,8Z)-6-Hydroxy-3-oxotetradecenoic acid
(6S,8Z)-6-Hydroxy-3-oxotetradecenoic acid, also known as 3-oxo-6(S)-hydroxy-tetradec-8Z-enoate, is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule.
(6E,8R,10Z)-8-hydroxy-3-oxohexadecadienoic acid
(6E,8R,10Z)-8-hydroxy-3-oxohexadecadienoic acid, also known as 3-oxo-8(R)-hydroxy-hexadeca-6E,10Z-dienoate, is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule.
(6E,8S,10Z)-8-hydroxy-3-oxohexadecadienoic acid
(6E,8S,10Z)-8-hydroxy-3-oxohexadecadienoic acid, also known as 3-oxo-8(S)-hydroxy-hexadeca-6E,10Z-dienoate, is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule.
9Z-Heptadecenoic acid
9Z-Heptadecenoic acid, also known as margaroleic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9Z-Heptadecenoic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral.
Octadec-9-enoic Acid
Octadec-9-enoic Acid, also known as 18:1, N-9 or Delta(9)-Octadecenoic acid, is classified as a member of the Long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Octadec-9-enoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Octadec-9-enoic Acid can be synthesized from octadec-9-ene. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 1-octadec-9-enoylglycero-3-phosphate, N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-9-octadecenamide, and sterculic acid
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-10,12,14-trienoic acid
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-10,12,14-trienoic acid is an unsaturated furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-10,12,14-trienoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D3:1. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkenyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-10,12,14-trienoic acid
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-10,12,14-trienoic acid is an unsaturated furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-10,12,14-trienoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D5:1. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkenyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
5-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
5-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 5-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D2. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 2-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-12,14,16-trienoic acid
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-12,14,16-trienoic acid is an unsaturated furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyloctadeca-12,14,16-trienoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D3:1. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkenyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
5-Butyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
5-Butyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 5-Butyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D4. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 4-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14,16-trienoic acid
12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14,16-trienoic acid is an unsaturated furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 12,15-Epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14,16-trienoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D5:1. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkenyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11D6. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 6-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the crayfish hepatopancreas.
5-Heptyl-3-methyl-2-furanundecanoic acid
5-Heptyl-3-methyl-2-furanundecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 5-Heptyl-3-methyl-2-furanundecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 11M7. This refers to its 11-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 7-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the crayfish hepatopancreas.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furandodecanoic acid
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furandodecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furandodecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 12D3. This refers to its 12-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the fish liver.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furandodecanoic acid
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furandodecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furandodecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 12D5. This refers to its 12-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in the crayfish hepatopancreas.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 13D3. This refers to its 13-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety.
3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid
3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-furantridecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 13M3. This refers to its 13-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid
3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-propyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 15D3. This refers to its 15-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 3-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in fish oil.
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 15D5. This refers to its 15-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the dimethyl substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in mussels.
3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid
3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid is a furan fatty acid (F-acid). F-acids are heterocyclic fatty acids containing a central furan moiety with a carboxylalkyl chain (mostly 7, 9, 11, or 13 carbons) in the 2-position and an alkyl chain (mostly 3 or 5 carbons) in the 5-position. Despite being found in low concentrations in food lipids, they are excellent antixoxidants and radical scavengers. This allows them to play an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are often incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters of fish and other marine organisms. 3-Methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpentadecanoic acid, in particular, can be described by the shorthand notation 15M5. This refers to its 15-carbon carboxyalkyl moiety, the methyl substitution in the 3-position of its furan moiety, and its 5-carbon alkyl moiety. It has been identified in mussels.
FAHFA(16:0/9-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/9-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-PAHSA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.↵↵↵
FAHFA(16:0/5-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/5-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-PAHSA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/9-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/9-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-PAHPA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/10-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/10-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-PAHSA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/5-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/5-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-PAHPA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/7-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/7-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-PAHPA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/7-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/7-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-PAHSA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/8-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/8-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-PAHSA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/11-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/11-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-PAHSA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/13-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/13-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-PAHSA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/9-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/9-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-OAHPA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/8-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/8-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-PAHPA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/10-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/10-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-PAHPA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/11-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/11-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-PAHPA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/12-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/12-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-PAHPA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/13-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/13-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-PAHPA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/5-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/5-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-SAHSA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/7-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/7-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-SAHSA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/8-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/8-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-SAHSA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/10-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/10-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-SAHSA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/11-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/11-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-SAHSA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/13-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/13-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-SAHSA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/5-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/5-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-POHSA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/7-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/7-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-POHSA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/8-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/8-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-POHSA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/10-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/10-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-POHSA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/11-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/11-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-POHSA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/13-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/13-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-POHSA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/5-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/5-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-OAHSA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/7-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/7-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-OAHSA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/8-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/8-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-OAHSA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/10-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/10-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-OAHSA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/11-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/11-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-OAHSA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/13-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/13-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-OAHSA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/5-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/5-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-SAHPA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/7-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/7-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-SAHPA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/8-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/8-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-SAHPA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/9-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/9-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-SAHPA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/10-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/10-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-SAHPA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/11-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/11-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-SAHPA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/12-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/12-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-SAHPA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/13-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/13-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-SAHPA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/5-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/5-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-POHPA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/7-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/7-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-POHPA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/8-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/8-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-POHPA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/9-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/9-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 9-POHPA since it is the 9-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/10-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/10-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-POHPA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/11-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/11-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-POHPA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/12-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/12-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-POHPA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/13-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/13-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-POHPA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/5-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/5-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 5-OAHPA since it is the 5-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/7-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/7-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 7-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 7-OAHPA since it is the 7-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/8-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/8-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 8-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 8-OAHPA since it is the 8-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/10-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/10-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 10-OAHPA since it is the 10-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/11-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/11-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 11-OAHPA since it is the 11-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/12-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/12-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 12-OAHPA since it is the 12-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/13-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/13-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 13-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 13-OAHPA since it is the 13-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/6-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/6-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-POHSA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the POHSA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/6-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/6-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-OAHSA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the OAHSA (oleic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/6-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:1(9Z)/6-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-POHPA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the POHPA (palmitoleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/6-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:1(9Z)/6-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-OAHPA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the OAHPA (oleic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/6-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/6-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-PAHSA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the PAHSA (palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/6-O-18:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/6-O-18:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-SAHSA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the SAHSA (stearic acid-hydroxystearic acid) family.
FAHFA(16:0/6-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(16:0/6-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-PAHPA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the PAHPA (palmitic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
FAHFA(18:0/6-O-16:0)
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids found in adipose tissue and serum that correlate with insulin sensitivity and are reduced in insulin-resistant humans. Structurally, they are characterized by a branched ester linkage between a fatty acid and a hydroxy-fatty acid. Different positions of the branched ester on the hydroxy fatty acid results in different isomers. FAHFA(18:0/6-O-16:0), in particular, is formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of stearic acid with the hydroxy group of 6-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. It is alternatively named 6-SAHPA since it is the 6-hydroxy isomer of the SAHPA (stearic acid-hydroxypalmitic acid) family.
5-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
5-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
8-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
8-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
5-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
5-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
9-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
9-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
13-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
13-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
6-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
6-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid. In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
cis-Vaccenic acid
cis-11-Octadecenoic acid, also known as (Z)-octadec-11-enoic acid or asclepic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. cis-11-Octadecenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
N-Linoleoyl Glycine
N-linoleoyl glycine, also known as 15-methylpalmitate or C17ISO belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Linoleic acid amide of Glycine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Linoleoyl Glycine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Linoleoyl Glycine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
N-Palmitoyl Cysteine
N-palmitoyl cysteine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Palmitic acid amide of Cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Palmitoyl Cysteine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Palmitoyl Cysteine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
N-Palmitoyl Glutamine
N-palmitoyl glutamine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Palmitic acid amide of Glutamine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Palmitoyl Glutamine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Palmitoyl Glutamine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
(14R,15S)-14,15-Epoxy-5,8,11-icosatrienoic acid
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid is an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a metabolite of arachidonic acid. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
(2S,3R,4R)-2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-14-oxoicos-6-enoic acid
12-Hydroxyheptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid
5,8,11,14-Hexadecatetraenoicacid, 16-[(2R,3S)-3-ethyl-2-oxiranyl]-, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-rel-
(5E,8E,11E)-13-[(2S,3S)-3-Pentylthiiran-2-yl]trideca-5,8,11-trienoic acid
Eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid
5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid (Mead acid) is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene-interrupted cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the ninth carbon from the omega end. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-9). In the presence of lipoxygenase, Mead acid can form various hydroxy products (HETE). It is the only polyunsaturated fatty acid that the body can make de novo. Its elevated presence in the blood is an indication of essential fatty acid (EFA)deficiency. During dietary EFA insufficiency, especially arachidonic acid deficiency, the body will make Mead acid by the elongation and desaturation of oleic acid. [HMDB]
4,4-Dimethyl-2-[3-carboxylatopropyl]-2-tridecyloxazolidine 3-oxide
7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloct-1-enyl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-2-enoic acid
(Z)-7-((2S,3R)-3-((2Z,5Z)-Undeca-2,5-dienyl)oxiran-2-yl)hept-5-enoic acid
(Z)-7-[(1R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-6-yl]hept-5-enoic acid
Bempedoic acid
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent > C80482 - Non-Statin Antilipidemic Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMPK[2].
Heptadec-2-enoic acid
Heptadecenoic acid, also known as heptadecenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Heptadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Heptadecenoic acid can be found in a number of food items such as common buckwheat, dandelion, italian sweet red pepper, and black walnut, which makes heptadecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(4E,7E,10E,13E)-Hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid
hydroxytetradecadienyl-l-carnitine
Medica 16
D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites MEDICA16, an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, significantly reduces intracellular TG content in gastrocnemius muscle, and this reduction is accompanied by an increase in insulin sensitivity. MEDICA16 is a selective agonist for GPR40 as well as selective partial agonists for GPR120[1][2].
meteneprost
13-(3-Pentyloxiran-2-yl)trideca-2,4,6-trienoic acid
12-[Methyl-(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]octadecanoic acid
Nocloprost
Palmoxiric acid
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents
Pinane thromboxane A2
3-Carboxy-11-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyundecanoic acid
(Z)-7-[(1R,3S,4S,5R)-3-[(E,3R)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-6-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-4-yl]hept-5-enoic acid
(Z)-7-[(1S,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(E,3S)-4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-yl]hept-5-enoic acid
7-Octadecenoic acid
7-octadecenoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 7-octadecenoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 7-octadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7-octadecenoic acid can be found in dill, which makes 7-octadecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Dihydroxystearic acid
Dihydroxystearic acid, also known as dihydroxystearate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Dihydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydroxystearic acid can be found in peanut, which makes dihydroxystearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Nonadecenoic acid
Nonadecenoic acid, also known as nonadecenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Nonadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Nonadecenoic acid can be found in peanut, which makes nonadecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
trans-10-Octadecenoic acid
10-octadecenoic acid, also known as isooleic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, 10-octadecenoic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 10-octadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 10-octadecenoic acid can be found in peanut, which makes 10-octadecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Trihydroxystearic acid
Trihydroxystearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trihydroxystearic acid can be found in peanut, which makes trihydroxystearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Pentadecenoic acid
Pentadecenoic acid, also known as pentadecenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Pentadecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pentadecenoic acid can be found in black elderberry, black walnut, and common buckwheat, which makes pentadecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Heptadecadienoic acid
Heptadecadienoic acid is also known as heptadecadienoate. Heptadecadienoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Heptadecadienoic acid can be found in black walnut and dandelion, which makes heptadecadienoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Hexadecadienoic acid
Hexadecadienoic acid, also known as hexadecadienoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Hexadecadienoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hexadecadienoic acid can be found in black walnut and dandelion, which makes hexadecadienoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Pentadecadienoic acid
Pentadecadienoic acid is also known as pentadecadienoate. Pentadecadienoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pentadecadienoic acid can be found in black walnut, which makes pentadecadienoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Tetradecenoic acid
Tetradecenoic acid, also known as 14:1, n-12 or 2-tetradecensaeure, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tetradecenoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tetradecenoic acid can be found in black walnut, carrot, and wild carrot, which makes tetradecenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(11R,12S,13S)-Epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid
(11r,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms (11r,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (11r,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid can be found in rice, which makes (11r,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
(11S,12S,13S)-Epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid
(11s,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms (11s,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (11s,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid can be found in rice, which makes (11s,12s,13s)-epoxy-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-9-cis-15-dien-1-oic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Sativic acid
Sativic acid, also known as sativate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, sativic acid is considered to be an octadecanoid lipid molecule. Sativic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sativic acid can be found in rice, which makes sativic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Octadecendioic acid
Octadecendioic acid, also known as 1,16-hexadecanedicarboxylate or 1,18-octadecanedioate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Octadecendioic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Octadecendioic acid can be found in potato, which makes octadecendioic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid
Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid can be found in spinach, which makes hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Hexadecatrienoic acid
Hexadecatrienoic acid, also known as hexadecatrienoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Hexadecatrienoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hexadecatrienoic acid can be found in spinach, which makes hexadecatrienoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Isobehenic acid
Isobehenic acid, also known as isobehenate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, isobehenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Isobehenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isobehenic acid can be found in corn, which makes isobehenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
6-Octadecenoic acid
Isolated from volatiles of Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Anethum sowa (Indian dill), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Daucus carota (carrot), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Apium graveolens (celery), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Petroselinum sativum (parsley) [CCD]. 6-Octadecenoic acid is found in dill. Minor constituent of plant oils. Constituent of milk fat and from porcine parasites Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum [CCD]. Petroselaidic acid is found in fats and oils.
Sodium octadecanoate
It is used in foods as a binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent.
Potassium octadecanoate
It is used in foods as a binder, emulsifier, anticaking agent, defoaming agent and masticatory substance.
Magnesium octadecanoate
It is used in foods as a binder, emulsifier, anticaking agent, lubricant and release agent, nutrient supplement, defoaming agent and processing aid.
Calcium octadecanoate
It is used in foods as a flavouring adjuvant, lubricant, release agent, stabiliser and thickener, binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent.
Sorgen 30
Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent, pigment dispersant
(9R,10S)-dihydroxystearate
(9r,10s)-dihydroxystearate, also known as 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms (9r,10s)-dihydroxystearate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (9r,10s)-dihydroxystearate can be found in a number of food items such as pulses, sorghum, yautia, and european plum, which makes (9r,10s)-dihydroxystearate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate
(9z)-(13s)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (9z)-(13s)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate can be found in a number of food items such as pomes, grape, butternut, and half-highbush blueberry, which makes (9z)-(13s)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(E)-cinnamoyl-CoA
(e)-cinnamoyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as 2-enoyl coas. 2-enoyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain (e)-cinnamoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (e)-cinnamoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as green bean, radish (variety), oxheart cabbage, and chicory roots, which makes (e)-cinnamoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
12,13(S)-epoxylinolenate
12,13(s)-epoxylinolenate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 12,13(s)-epoxylinolenate can be found in a number of food items such as rice, wax apple, globe artichoke, and common walnut, which makes 12,13(s)-epoxylinolenate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
16-oxo-palmitate
16-oxo-palmitate is also known as 16-oxo-hexadecanoate. 16-oxo-palmitate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 16-oxo-palmitate can be found in a number of food items such as garden rhubarb, japanese pumpkin, carrot, and soy bean, which makes 16-oxo-palmitate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
18-hydroxyoleate
18-hydroxyoleate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 18-hydroxyoleate can be found in a number of food items such as java plum, red bell pepper, oxheart cabbage, and apricot, which makes 18-hydroxyoleate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
di-homo-gamma-linolenate
Di-homo-gamma-linolenate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Di-homo-gamma-linolenate can be found in a number of food items such as shiitake, boysenberry, jute, and cocoa bean, which makes di-homo-gamma-linolenate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
hexadecanedioate
Hexadecanedioate, also known as a,omega-hexadecanedioic acid or c16dca(2-), is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Hexadecanedioate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hexadecanedioate can be found in a number of food items such as longan, soy bean, american pokeweed, and black crowberry, which makes hexadecanedioate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
leukotriene-D4
Leukotriene-d4 is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Leukotriene-d4 can be found in a number of food items such as prunus (cherry, plum), horned melon, wasabi, and grass pea, which makes leukotriene-d4 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
octadecenedioate
Octadecenedioate is also known as octadecenedioic acid. Octadecenedioate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Octadecenedioate can be found in a number of food items such as buffalo currant, pepper (c. pubescens), lemon grass, and common grape, which makes octadecenedioate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
petroselinate
Petroselinic acid, also known as (6z)-petroselinate or (Z)-6-octadecenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Petroselinic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Petroselinic acid can be found in a number of food items such as jicama, common salsify, orange bell pepper, and cardoon, which makes petroselinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Petroselinic acid can be found primarily in blood. Petroselinic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in several animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a white powder and is commercially available. In chemical terms, petroselinic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 cis-6. It has the formula CH3(CH2)10CH=CH(CH2)4COOH. The term "petroselinic" means related to, or derived from, oil of Petroselinum, parsley. Petroselinic acid is an positional isomer of oleic acid . Petroselinic acid, also known as (6z)-petroselinate or (Z)-6-octadecenoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Petroselinic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Petroselinic acid can be found in a number of food items such as jicama, common salsify, orange bell pepper, and cardoon, which makes petroselinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Petroselinic acid can be found primarily in blood. Petroselinic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in several animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a white powder and is commercially available. In chemical terms, petroselinic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 cis-6. It has the formula CH3(CH2)10CH=CH(CH2)4COOH. The term "petroselinic" means related to, or derived from, oil of Petroselinum, parsley. Petroselinic acid is an positional isomer of oleic acid.