NCBI Taxonomy: 356

Catechin

C15H14O6 (290.0790344)

Catechin, also known as cyanidanol or catechuic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Catechin also belongs to the group of compounds known as flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids. Catechin is one of the 4 catechin known diastereoisomers. Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin. The most common catechin isomer is the (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (-)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common epicatechin isomer is (-)-epicatechin. Catechin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Catechin is a bitter tasting compound and is associated with the bitterness in tea. Catechin is a plant secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Catechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both Catechin and (-)-Catechin (cis) forms. Outside of the human body, Catechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration in foods, such as blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), evergreen blackberries (Rubus laciniatus), and blackberries (Rubus) and in a lower concentration in dills (Anethum graveolens), hot chocolates, and medlars (Mespilus germanica). Catechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rice (Oryza sativa), apple ciders, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), fruit juices, and red teas. This could make catechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Catechin. (+)-catechin is the (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-catechin. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Cianidanol is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Catechin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Gallocatechin (related); Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of) ... View More ... Present in red wine. Widespread in plants; found in a variety of foodstuffs especies apricots, broad beans, cherries, chocolate, grapes, nectarines, red wine, rhubarb, strawberries and tea The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. Catechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=154-23-4 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 154-23-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.052821)

Isofraxidin, also known as 6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin or 7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-hydroxycoumarins. 7-hydroxycoumarins are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the C7 position the coumarin skeleton. Isofraxidin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isofraxidin can be found in muskmelon, tarragon, and watermelon, which makes isofraxidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isofraxidin is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Eleutherococcus senticosus . Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Gallic acid

C7H6O5 (170.0215226)

Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999) Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a gallate. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Gallic Acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent. See also: Gallic acid monohydrate (active moiety of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of) ... View More ... Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is widely distributed in plants and is found both free and as part of tannins. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed gallates. Gallic acid has been found to be s metabolite of Aspergillus (PMID:24031294). A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. Present in red wine. Japan approved food antioxidant additive Gallic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=149-91-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 149-91-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

Alizarin

C14H8O4 (240.0422568)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8028 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Hyoscyamine

C17H23NO3 (289.1677848)

(S)-atropine is an atropine with a 2S-configuration. It is functionally related to a (S)-tropic acid. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-atropinium. Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of [atropine]. It is commonly extracted from plants in the Solanaceae or nightshade family. Research into the action of hyoscyamine in published literature dates back to 1826. Hyoscyamine is used for a wide variety of treatments and therapeutics due to its antimuscarinic properties. Although hyoscyamine is marketed in the United States, it is not FDA approved. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. L-Hyoscyamine is a natural product found in Datura ferox, Crenidium spinescens, and other organisms with data available. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. Hyoscyamine is a chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid it is the levo-isomer to atropine. It is a secondary metabolite of some plants, particularly henbane (Hyoscamus niger.). Hyoscyamine is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in end of life care. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2269 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents KEIO_ID H045; [MS2] KO008998 KEIO_ID H045 L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].

beta-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

Lycopene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Lycopene is an acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It contains a carotenoid psi-end derivative. Lycopene is a naturally occuring red carotenoid pigment that is responsible in red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Having a chemical formula of C40H56, lycopene is a tetraterpene assembled from eight isoprene units that are solely composed of carbon and hydrogen. Lycophene may undergo extensive isomerization that allows 1056 theoretical cis-trans configurations; however the all-trans configuration of lycopene is the most predominant isomer found in foods that gives the red hue. Lycopene is a non-essential human nutrient that is classified as a non-provitamin A carotenoid pigment since it lacks a terminal beta ionone ring and does not mediate vitamin A activity. However lycophene is a potent antioxidant molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen. Tomato lycopene extract is used as a color additive in food products. Lycopene is a natural product found in Rhodobacter capsulatus, Afifella marina, and other organisms with data available. Lycopene is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet. (NCI04) A carotenoid and red pigment produced by tomatoes, other red fruits and vegetables, and photosynthetic algae. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other carotenoids, and has antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, radioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Lycopene (molecular formula: C40H56) is a bright red carotenoid pigment. It is a phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Lycopene is the most common carotenoid in the human body and is one of the most potent carotenoid antioxidants. Its name is derived from the tomatos species classification, Solanum lycopersicum. Lycopene is a terpene assembled from 8 isoprene units. Lycopene is the most powerful carotenoid quencher of singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen from ultraviolet light is a primary cause of skin aging (Wikipedia). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents It is used as food colouring

Astaxanthin

C40H52O4 (596.3865392)

Astaxanthin (pronounced as-tuh-zan-thin) is a carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes. It is classified as a xanthophyll, which means "yellow leaves". Like many carotenoids, it is a colorful, lipid-soluble pigment. Astaxanthin is produced by microalgae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, crayfish, crustaceans, and the feathers of some birds. Professor Basil Weedon was the first to map the structure of astaxanthin.; Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in aquatic animals. It is also found in some birds, such as flamingoes, quails, and other species. This carotenoid is included in many well-known seafoods such as salmon, trout, red seabream, shrimp, lobster, and fish eggs. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, cannot be synthesized by animals and must be provided in the diet. Mammals, including humans, lack the ability to synthesize astaxanthin or to convert dietary astaxanthin into vitamin A. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids. It is closely related to beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, sharing with them many of the general metabolic and physiological functions attributed to carotenoids. In addition, astaxanthin has unique chemical properties based on its molecular structure. The presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and keto (CdO) moieties on each ionone ring explains some of its unique features, namely, the ability to be esterified and a higher antioxidant activity and a more polar nature than other carotenoids. In its free form, astaxanthin is considerably unstable and particularly susceptible to oxidation. Hence it is found in nature either conjugated with proteins (e.g., salmon muscle or lobster exoskeleton) or esterified with one or two fatty acids (monoester and diester forms), which stabilize the molecule. Various astaxanthin isomers have been characterized on the basis of the configuration of the two hydroxyl groups on the molecule. the geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues and that levels of free astaxanthin in the liver are greater than the corresponding concentration in the plasma, suggesting concentrative uptake by the liver. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, is a very lipophilic compound and has a low oral bioavailability. This criterion has limited the ability to test this compound in well-defined rodent models of human disease. (PMID: 16562856); Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely used in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to provide the pink color characteristic of that species. This application has been well documented for over two decades and is currently the major market driver for the pigment. Additionally, astaxanthin also plays a key role as an intermediary in reproductive processes. Synthetic astaxanthin dominates the world market but recent interest in natural sources of the pigment has increased substantially. Common sources of natural astaxanthin are the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis, the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, as well as crustacean byproducts. Astaxanthin possesses an unusual antioxidant activity which has caused a surge in the nutraceutical market for the encapsulated productand is) also, health benefits such as cardiovascular disease prevention, immune system boosting, bioactivity against Helycobacter pylori, and cataract prevention, have been associated with astaxanthin consumption. Research on the health benefits of astaxanthin is very recent and has mostly been performed in vitro or at the pre-clinical level with humans. (PMID: 16431409); Astaxanthin, unlike some carotenoids, does not convert to Vitamin A (retinol) in the human body. Too much Vitamin A is toxic for a human, but astaxanthin is not. However, it is a powerful antioxidant; it is claimed to be 10 times more capable than other carotenoids. However, other sources suggest astaxanthin has slightly lower antioxidant activity than other carotenoids.; While astaxanthin is a natural nutr... Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in aquatic animals. It is also found in some birds, such as flamingoes, quails, and other species. This carotenoid is included in many well-known seafoods such as salmon, trout, red seabream, shrimp, lobster, and fish eggs. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, cannot be synthesized by animals and must be provided in the diet. Mammals, including humans, lack the ability to synthesize astaxanthin or to convert dietary astaxanthin into vitamin A. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids. It is closely related to beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, sharing with them many of the general metabolic and physiological functions attributed to carotenoids. In addition, astaxanthin has unique chemical properties based on its molecular structure. The presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and keto (CdO) moieties on each ionone ring explains some of its unique features, namely, the ability to be esterified and a higher antioxidant activity and a more polar nature than other carotenoids. In its free form, astaxanthin is considerably unstable and particularly susceptible to oxidation. Hence it is found in nature either conjugated with proteins (e.g. salmon muscle or lobster exoskeleton) or esterified with one or two fatty acids (monoester and diester forms) which stabilize the molecule. Various astaxanthin isomers have been characterized on the basis of the configuration of the two hydroxyl groups on the molecule. The geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues and levels of free astaxanthin in the liver are greater than the corresponding concentration in the plasma, suggesting concentrative uptake by the liver. Astaxanthin, similar to other carotenoids, is a very lipophilic compound and has a low oral bioavailability. This criterion has limited the ability to test this compound in well-defined rodent models of human disease (PMID: 16562856). Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely used in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to provide the pink colour characteristic of that species. This application has been well documented for over two decades and is currently the major market driver for the pigment. Additionally, astaxanthin also plays a key role as an intermediary in reproductive processes. Synthetic astaxanthin dominates the world market but recent interest in natural sources of the pigment has increased substantially. Common sources of natural astaxanthin are the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis (the red yeast), Phaffia rhodozyma, as well as crustacean byproducts. Astaxanthin possesses an unusual antioxidant activity which has caused a surge in the nutraceutical market for the encapsulated product. Also, health benefits such as cardiovascular disease prevention, immune system boosting, bioactivity against Helicobacter pylori, and cataract prevention, have been associated with astaxanthin consumption. Research on the health benefits of astaxanthin is very recent and has mostly been performed in vitro or at the pre-clinical level with humans (PMID: 16431409). Astaxanthin is used in fish farming to induce trout flesh colouring. Astaxanthin is a carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an antioxidant, a food colouring, a plant metabolite and an animal metabolite. It is a carotenone and a carotenol. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is found in the majority of aquatic organisms with red pigment. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive. Astaxanthin is a natural product found in Ascidia zara, Linckia laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Astaxanthin is a natural and synthetic xanthophyll and nonprovitamin A carotenoid, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant and reduce oxidative stress, thereby preventing protein and lipid oxidation and DNA damage. By decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, it may also prevent ROS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). In addition, astaxanthin may inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and nitric oxide (NO) activities, thereby reducing inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3 (the 3S,3S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant C2140 - Adjuvant

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Hyoscyamine

C17H23NO3 (289.1677848)

Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a bronchodilator agent, a plant metabolite, an antidote to sarin poisoning and a oneirogen. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine. Atropine is an alkaloid originally synthesized from Atropa belladonna. It is a racemic mixture of d-and l-hyoscyamine, of which only l-hyoscyamine is pharmacologically active. Atropine is generally available as a sulfate salt and can be administered by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraosseous, endotracheal and ophthalmic methods. Oral atropine is only available in combination products. Atropine is a competitive, reversible antagonist of muscarinic receptors that blocks the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It has a variety of therapeutic applications, including pupil dilation and the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning and symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible causes. Atropine is a relatively inexpensive drug and is included in the World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines. Atropine is an Anticholinergic and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of atropine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist and Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. Atropine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Anthocercis ilicifolia, and other organisms with data available. Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04) Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2292 INTERNAL_ID 2292; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3334 D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents KEIO_ID A080; [MS2] KO008864 KEIO_ID A080 Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].

Tropine

C8H15NO (141.115358)

Pseudotropine is a natural product found in Atropa belladonna and Datura stramonium with data available. KEIO_ID T024 Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].

(-)-Limonene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

Limonene is a monoterpene with a clear colourless liquid at room temperature, a naturally occurring chemical which is the major component in oil of oranges. Limonene is widely used as a flavour and fragrance and is listed to be generally recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 in the Code of Federal Regulations, U.S.A.). Limonene is a botanical (plant-derived) solvent of low toxicity. Mild skin irritation may occur from exposure to limonene and oxidation products of limonene may produce dermal sensitization, and may have irritative and bronchoconstrictive airway effects; however, data are scant and more studies are required. Limonene has been shown to cause a male rat-specific kidney toxicity referred to as hyaline droplet nephropathy. Furthermore, chronic exposure to limonene causes a significant incidence of renal tubular tumours exclusively in male rats. Limonene is one of the active components of dietary phytochemicals that appears to be protective against cancer (PMID:16563357, 15499193, 15325315, 2024047). (4S)-limonene is an optically active form of limonene having (4S)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (4R)-limonene. (-)-Limonene is a natural product found in Poiretia latifolia, Kippistia suaedifolia, and other organisms with data available. A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). See also: Spearmint Oil (part of). An optically active form of limonene having (4S)-configuration. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1].

Indole-3-lactic acid

C11H11NO3 (205.0738896)

Indolelactic acid (CAS: 1821-52-9) is a tryptophan metabolite found in human plasma, serum, and urine. Tryptophan is metabolized by two major pathways in humans, either through kynurenine or via a series of indoles, and some of its metabolites are known to be biologically active. Indolelactic acid is present in various amounts, significantly higher in umbilical fetal plasma than in maternal plasma in the protein-bound form (PMID 2361979, 1400722, 3597614, 11060358, 1400722). Indolelactic acid is also a microbial metabolite; urinary indole-3-lactate is produced by Clostridium sporogenes (PMID: 29168502). Indolelactic acid is a tryptophan metabolite found in human plasma and serum and normal urine. Tryptophan is metabolized by two major pathways in humans, either through kynurenine or via a series of indoles, and some of its metabolites are known to be biologically active. Indolelactic acid is present in various amounts, significantly higher in umbilical foetal plasma than in maternal plasma in the protein-bound form. (PMID 2361979, 1400722, 3597614, 11060358, 1400722) [HMDB] Indolelactic acid (Indole-3-lactic acid) is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures. Indolelactic acid has anti-inflammation and potential anti-viral activity[1][3][4].

Pyridoxine

C8H11NO3 (169.0738896)

Pyridoxine, also known vitamin B6, is commonly found in food and is used as a dietary supplement. Pyridoxine is an essential nutrient, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain. Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is sometimes misleading (PMID: 2192605). Technically, pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6 or it is a member of the family of B6 vitamins. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1 - 21.7 ng/mL. Pyridoxine is readily converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. Therefore pyridoxine is required by the body to make amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. It is linked to cancer immunity and helps fight the formation of homocysteine. It has been suggested that pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis. In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth (Wikipedia). Deficiency of pyridoxine, though rare because of widespread distribution in foods, leads to the development of peripheral neuritis in adults and affects the central nervous system in children (DOSE - 3rd edition). As a supplement pyridoxine is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, problems from isoniazid, and certain types of mushroom poisoning. Pyridoxine in combination with doxylamine is used as a treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women. Found in rice husks, cane molasses, yeast, wheat germ and cod liver oils. Vitamin, dietary supplement, nutrient. Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6, along with pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. It differs from pyridoxamine by the substituent at the 4 position. It is often used as pyridoxine hydrochloride. Pyridoxine in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of soy products. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID P053 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Scopolamine

C17H21NO4 (303.1470506)

Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). It is part of the secondary metabolites of plants. Scopolamine is used criminally as a date rape drug and as an aid to robbery, the most common act being the clandestine drugging of a victims drink. It is preferred because it induces retrograde amnesia, or an inability to recall events prior to its administration. Victims of this crime are often admitted to a hospital in police custody, under the assumption that the patient is experiencing a psychotic episode. A telltale sign is a fever accompanied by a lack of sweat. An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). It is part of the secondary metabolites of plants. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A04 - Antiemetics and antinauseants > A04A - Antiemetics and antinauseants S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses > C29706 - Mydriatic Agent N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents KEIO_ID S040; [MS2] KO009233 KEIO_ID S040

Purpurin

C14H8O5 (256.0371718)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4868 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4852; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4850 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4850; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4849 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4850; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4848 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4861; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4860 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4843; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4841 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8372 D004396 - Coloring Agents Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1]. Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1].

Gibberellin A4

C19H24O5 (332.1623654)

A C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi and differing from gibberellin A1 by the substitution of the OH at C-7 (gibbane numbering) by H. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 16

Ellagic acid

C14H6O8 (302.0062676)

Ellagic acid appears as cream-colored needles (from pyridine) or yellow powder. Odorless. (NTP, 1992) Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite, an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. Ellagic acid is present in several fruits such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, and pomegranates. In pomegranates, there are several therapeutic compounds but ellagic acid is the most active and abundant. Ellagic acid is also present in vegetables. Ellagic acid is an investigational drug studied for treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (phase 2 trial), protection from brain injury of intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1 and 2 trial), improvement of cardiovascular function in adolescents who are obese (phase 2 trial), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. Ellagic acid is a natural product found in Fragaria chiloensis, Metrosideros perforata, and other organisms with data available. Ellagic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye. Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite and an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It derives from a gallic acid. Ellagic acid, also known as ellagate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. These are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) that are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. The antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of ellagic acid have spurred preliminary research into the potential health benefits of ellagic acid consumption. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative/anti-cancer effects. Ellagic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as chestnuts, common walnuts, and japanese walnuts and in a lower concentration in whiskies, arctic blackberries, and cloudberries. Ellagic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lowbush blueberries, bilberries, guava, strawberry guava, and bog bilberries. An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. Widely distributed in higher plants especies dicotyledons. Intestinal astringent, dietary role disputed. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.

Acetosyringone

C10H12O4 (196.0735552)

Acetosyringone is a member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-asthmatic drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a peripheral nervous system drug and a plant metabolite. It is a member of acetophenones, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. Acetosyringone is a natural product found in Justicia adhatoda, Polyporus umbellatus, and other organisms with data available. Acetosyringone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Annotation level-1 Acetosyringone is a phenolic compound from wounded plant cells, enables virA gene which encodes a membrane-bound kinase to phosphorylate itself and activate the virG gene product, which stimulates the transcription of other vir genes and itself[1]. Acetosyringone enhances efficient Dunaliella transformation of Agrobacterium strains[2]. Acetosyringone is a phenolic compound from wounded plant cells, enables virA gene which encodes a membrane-bound kinase to phosphorylate itself and activate the virG gene product, which stimulates the transcription of other vir genes and itself[1]. Acetosyringone enhances efficient Dunaliella transformation of Agrobacterium strains[2].

tropinone

C8H13NO (139.0997088)

Tropinone, also known as 3-tropanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids are organic compounds containing the nitrogenous bicyclic alkaloid parent N-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Tropinone is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tropinone can be found in a number of food items such as walnut, japanese persimmon, komatsuna, and chicory roots, which makes tropinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropiniumone . KEIO_ID T061 Tropinone, an alkaloid, acts as a synthetic intermediate to?Atropine[1].

Chrysin

C15H10O4 (254.057906)

Chrysin is a dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant, a hepatoprotective agent, an EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Chrysin is a natural product found in Scutellaria amoena, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone is found in carrot. Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea). Honeycomb also contains small amounts. It is also reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower. (Wikipedia). Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea). Honeycomb also contains small amounts. It is also reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower. [Wikipedia]. Chrysin is found in many foods, some of which are sour cherry, carrot, wild carrot, and sweet orange. 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone is found in carrot. Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea). Honeycomb also contains small amounts. It is also reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower. (Wikipedia). A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4420; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4416 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4423; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4419 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9217; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9215 ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4462; CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4458 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4462; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4458 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7989; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7985 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4441; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4440 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7956; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7952 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7917; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7913 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4472; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4469 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7978; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7973 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4441; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4438 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 804; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7907; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7904 [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_pos_20eV_CB000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_pos_30eV_CB000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_pos_40eV_CB000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_pos_10eV_CB000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_pos_50eV_CB000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_neg_10eV_000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_neg_30eV_000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_neg_40eV_000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_neg_50eV_000007.txt [Raw Data] CB007_Chrysin_neg_20eV_000007.txt Chrysin is one of the most well known estrogen blockers. Chrysin is one of the most well known estrogen blockers.

Wogonin

C16H12O5 (284.0684702)

Wogonin is a dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a wogonin(1-). Wogonin is a natural product found in Scutellaria likiangensis, Scutellaria amoena, and other organisms with data available. A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8. Annotation level-1 Wogonin is a naturally occurring mono-flavonoid, can inhibit the activity of CDK8 and Wnt, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Wogonin is a naturally occurring mono-flavonoid, can inhibit the activity of CDK8 and Wnt, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Norwogonin

C15H10O5 (270.052821)

Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1] Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1]

Phytoene

C40H64 (544.5007744)

Phytoene, also known as all-trans-phytoene or 15-cis-phytoene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, phytoene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Phytoene can be found in a number of food items such as turmeric, garden onion, winter squash, and coconut, which makes phytoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phytoene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. Phytoene (FY-toe-een) is a 40-carbon intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. The synthesis of phytoene is the first committed step in the synthesis of carotenoids in plants. Phytoene is produced from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) by the action of the enzyme phytoene synthase. The two GGPP molecules are condensed together followed by removal of diphosphate and proton shift leading to the formation of phytoene . Phytoene, also known as 7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-octahydrocarotene, is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

all-trans-Phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851252)

all-trans-Phytofluene is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important. (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids 7,7,8,8,11,12-Hexahydro-Carotene is a carotenoid found in human fluids.

Canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967092)

Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4 of the beta carotene molecule. Food colouring. Constituent of the edible mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), sea trout, salmon and brine shrimp. It is used in broiler chicken feed to enhance the yellow colour of chicken skin D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

echinenone

C40H54O (550.4174434)

A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

3,4-Dehydrorhodopin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Pyrroloquinoline quinone

C14H6N2O8 (330.0124156)

Enzymes containing PQQ are called quinoproteins. PQQ and quinoproteins play a role in the redox metabolism and structural integrity of cells and tissues [PMID:2558842]. It was reported that aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AASDH) might also use PQQ as a cofactor, suggesting a possibility that PQQ is a vitamin in mammals. [PMID:12712191]. Believed to be a mammalian redox-cofactor vitamin (B group). Widely distributed in various foods such as vegetables and meat. Methoxatin is found in animal foods and green vegetables. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function[1][2].

alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is present in honey and beer. Present in honey and beer. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages.

Neurosporene

C40H58 (538.4538268)

Neurosporene, also known as all-trans-neurosporene or 7,8-dihydro-ψ,ψ-carotene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, neurosporene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Neurosporene can be found in a number of food items such as chicory, poppy, silver linden, and towel gourd, which makes neurosporene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Neurosporene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. Neurosporene is a carotenoid pigment. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lycopene and a variety of bacterial carotenoids . Neurosporene is a triterpenoid carotenoid identified in human plasma, (PMID: 1416048), serum (PMID: 1416048), milk (PMID: 9164160), and tissues of the human eye (PMID: 11180970). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Cucumopine

C11H13N3O6 (283.08043180000004)

Cucumopine, also known as mikimopine or cucumopine, (4r-cis)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Cucumopine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucumopine can be found in carrot and wild carrot, which makes cucumopine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

8-Deoxylactucin

C15H16O4 (260.1048536)

deoxymannojirimycin

C6H13NO4 (163.0844538)

D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

Danielone

C10H12O5 (212.06847019999998)

Phytoalexin isolated from the fruits of papaya (Carica papaya). Danielone is found in papaya and fruits. Danielone is found in fruits. Phytoalexin isolated from the fruits of papaya (Carica papaya

Anhydrorhodovibrin

C41H58O (566.4487418)

Rhodovibrin

C41H60O2 (584.459306)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Hydroxyspirilloxanthin

C41H58O2 (582.4436568)

3,4-Dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin

C41H60O (568.464391)

Chloroxanthin

C40H60O (556.464391)

A carotenol obtained by formal hydration across the double bonds at position 1 of neurosporene.

(+)-Limonene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

(+)-Limonene, also known as d-limonene, is a naturally occurring monoterpene which is the major component in orange oil. Currently, (+)-limonene is widely used as a flavour and fragrance and is listed to be generally recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 in the Code of Federal Regulations, U.S.A.). Recently, however, (+)-limonene has been shown to cause a male rat-specific kidney toxicity referred to as hyaline droplet nephropathy. Furthermore, chronic exposure to (+)-limonene causes a significant incidence of renal tubular tumours exclusively in male rats. Although (+)-limonene is not carcinogenic in female rats or male and female mice given much higher dosages, the male rat-specific nephrocarcinogenicity of (+)-limonene may raise some concern regarding the safety of (+)-limonene for human consumption. A considerable body of scientific data has indicated that the renal toxicity of (+)-limonene results from the accumulation of a protein, alpha 2u-globulin, in male rat kidney proximal tubule lysosomes. This protein is synthesized exclusively by adult male rats. Other species, including humans, synthesize proteins that share significant homology with alpha 2u-globulin. However, none of these proteins, including the mouse equivalent of alpha 2u-globulin, can produce this toxicity, indicating a unique specificity for alpha 2u-globulin. With chronic exposure to (+)-limonene, the hyaline droplet nephropathy progresses and the kidney shows tubular cell necrosis, granular cast formation at the corticomedullary junction, and compensatory cell proliferation. Both (+)-limonene and cis-d-limonene-1,2-oxide (the major metabolite involved in this toxicity) are negative in vitro mutagenicity screens. Therefore, the toxicity-related renal cell proliferation is believed to be integrally involved in the carcinogenicity of (+)-limonene as persistent elevations in renal cell proliferation may increase fixation of spontaneously altered DNA or serve to promote spontaneously initiated cells. The scientific data demonstrates that the tumorigenic activity of (+)-limonene in male rats is not relevant to humans. The three major lines of evidence supporting the human safety of (+)-limonene are (1) the male rat specificity of the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity; (2) the pivotal role that alpha 2u-globulin plays in the toxicity, as evidenced by the complete lack of toxicity in other species despite the presence of structurally similar proteins; and (3) the lack of genotoxicity of both (+)-limonene and d-limonene-1,2-oxide, supporting the concept of a nongenotoxic mechanism, namely, sustained renal cell proliferation (PMID:2024047). (4r)-limonene, also known as (+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene or (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, (4r)-limonene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule (4r)-limonene can be found in sweet marjoram, which makes (4r)-limonene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product (4r)-limonene can be found primarily in saliva.

1-Deoxynojirimycin

C6H13NO4 (163.0844538)

1-Deoxynojirimycin is found in fruits. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is an alkaloid from Morus specie Alkaloid from Morus subspecies 1-Deoxynojirimycin is found in fruits. Same as: D09605 1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features[1][2]. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features[1][2].

1-hydroxylycopene

C40H58O (554.4487418)

1-hydroxylycopene, also known as 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene or 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-psi,psi-carotene, is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, 1-hydroxylycopene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. 1-hydroxylycopene is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1-hydroxylycopene can be found in a number of food items such as summer grape, red bell pepper, loganberry, and lima bean, which makes 1-hydroxylycopene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

gentiobiose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by a beta-(1->6)-linkage. Allolactose is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides. Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides are compounds composed of a mono- or disaccharide moiety linked to one hydroxyl group of a fatty alcohol or of a phosphorylated alcohol (phosphoprenols), a hydroxy fatty acid or to one carboxyl group of a fatty acid (ester linkage) or to an amino alcohol. Allolactose is an inducer of the lac operon in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. It binds to a subunit of the tetrameric lac repressor, which results in conformational changes and reduces the binding affinity of the lac repressor to the lac operator, thereby dissociating it from the lac operator. The absence of the repressor allows the transcription of the lac operon to proceed. A non-hydrolyzable analog of allolactose, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), is normally used in molecular biology to induce the lac operon . Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 232 β-Gentiobiose (Gentiobiose) is a naturally occurring oligosaccharin with a rapid turnover rate in ripening tomato fruit[1].

(+)-trans-Limonene oxide

C10H16O (152.12010859999998)

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.052821)

Isofraxidin is a hydroxycoumarin. Isofraxidin is a natural product found in Artemisia alba, Artemisia assoana, and other organisms with data available. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Alizarin

C14H8O4 (240.0422568)

Alizarin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a chromophore, a dye and a plant metabolite. Alizarin is a natural product found in Oldenlandia umbellata, Rubia alata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rubia tinctorum root (part of). A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.

Oroxylin A

C16H12O5 (284.0684702)

Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects. Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects. Oroxylin A inhibits the IL-6/STAT3 pathway and NF-κB signaling, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Oroxylin A inhibits colitis-related carcinogenesis[1][2][3][4][5]. Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects.

Phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851252)

Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange colour found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis (Wikipedia).

(+)-Hyoscyamine

C17H23NO3 (289.1677848)

Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and l-hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. Adequate doses of atropine abolish various types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. Atropine may also lessen the degree of partial heart block when vagal activity is an etiologic factor. Atropine in clinical doses counteracts the peripheral dilatation and abrupt decrease in blood pressure produced by choline esters. However, when given by itself, atropine does not exert a striking or uniform effect on blood vessels or blood pressure. Atropine is found in burdock. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4]. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia[1][2][3][4].

y,y-Carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,12-hexahydro-, cis-(9CI)

C40H62 (542.4851252)

6-Hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

C17H23NO4 (305.1626998)

Alphagal1-3betaGal1-4Gal

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

D-Glucose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

The most abundant organic material found in plants forming the principal constituent of their cell walls giving them structural strength. Anticaking agent, binding agent and other uses in food. D-(+)-Cellobiose is an endogenous metabolite. D-(+)-Cellobiose is an endogenous metabolite. Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond, a reducing sugar. Maltose monohydrate can be used as a energy source for bacteria. Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond, a reducing sugar. Maltose monohydrate can be used as a energy source for bacteria.

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene

C40H64 (544.5007744)

15-cis-phytoene is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. 15-cis-phytoene can be found in a number of food items such as avocado, garden tomato (variety), dill, and other cereal product, which makes 15-cis-phytoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Phoenicoxanthin

C40H52O3 (580.3916242)

6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

cis-Lycopene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Spirilloxanthin

C42H60O2 (596.459306)

Tropine

C8H15NO (141.115358)

Pseudotropine, also known as tropine hydrochloride, (endo)-isomer or tropine, (exo)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids are organic compounds containing the nitrogenous bicyclic alkaloid parent N-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Pseudotropine is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pseudotropine can be found in a number of food items such as winter savory, japanese chestnut, blackcurrant, and black walnut, which makes pseudotropine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pseudotropine (3β-tropanol, ψ-tropine, 3-pseudotropanol or PTO) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine . Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].

2-Methylthio-N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine

C16H23N5O4S (381.14706780000006)

2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine, also known as n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine or 2-mtia, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine can be found in cauliflower, which makes 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins

8-Deoxylactucin

C15H16O4 (260.1048536)

8-deoxylactucin is a member of the class of compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom. 8-deoxylactucin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 8-deoxylactucin can be found in chicory, which makes 8-deoxylactucin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Jacquinelin

C15H18O4 (262.1205028)

Jacquinelin, also known as 11,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin or jacquilenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom. Jacquinelin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Jacquinelin can be found in chicory and endive, which makes jacquinelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Crepidiaside B

C21H28O9 (424.17332380000005)

Crepidiaside b is a member of the class of compounds known as O-glycosyl compounds. O-glycosyl compounds are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. Crepidiaside b is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Crepidiaside b can be found in chicory and endive, which makes crepidiaside b a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Gibberellin A4

C19H24O5 (332.1623654)

Gibberellin a4 is a member of the class of compounds known as c19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c19-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a4 is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a4 can be found in a number of food items such as passion fruit, dandelion, mamey sapote, and vanilla, which makes gibberellin a4 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins

(E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime

C10H10N2O (174.079309)

(e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime can be found in a number of food items such as cherimoya, cornmint, blackcurrant, and common grape, which makes (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, wakame, sweet marjoram, and cashew nut, which makes (e)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

7,9,9'-cis-neurosporene

C40H58 (538.4538268)

7,9,9-cis-neurosporene is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. 7,9,9-cis-neurosporene can be found in a number of food items such as red bell pepper, purple laver, green zucchini, and prunus (cherry, plum), which makes 7,9,9-cis-neurosporene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

1-Deoxynojirimycin

C6H13NO4 (163.0844538)

Duvoglustat is an optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, an anti-obesity agent, a bacterial metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol and a piperidine alkaloid. An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is a natural product found in Dorstenia psilurus, Cichorium intybus, and other organisms with data available. An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C87006 - Pharmacological Chaperone D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Same as: D09605 1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features[1][2]. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features[1][2].

Baicalein

C15H10O5 (270.052821)

Baicalein is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. It has a role as an antioxidant, a hormone antagonist, a prostaglandin antagonist, an EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a baicalein(1-). Baicalein is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03830684 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter and Phase ⅡA Clinical Trial for the Effectiveness and Safety of Baicalein Tablets in the Treatment of Improve Other Aspects of Healthy Adult With Influenza Fever). Baicalein is a natural product found in Stachys annua, Stellera chamaejasme, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D011448 - Prostaglandin Antagonists A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Baicalein, also known as 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone or baicalein (old), is a member of the class of compounds known as flavones. Flavones are flavonoids with a structure based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Thus, baicalein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Baicalein is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Baicalein can be found in welsh onion, which makes baicalein a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Baicalein, along with its analogue baicalin, is a positive allosteric modulator of the benzodiazepine site and/or a non-benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor. It displays subtype selectivity for α2 and α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. In accordance, baicalein shows anxiolytic effects in mice without incidence of sedation or myorelaxation. It is thought that baicalein, along with other flavonoids, may underlie the anxiolytic effects of S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora. Baicalein is also an antagonist of the estrogen receptor, or an antiestrogen . Annotation level-1 Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM.

Scopolamine

C17H21NO4 (303.1470506)

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A04 - Antiemetics and antinauseants > A04A - Antiemetics and antinauseants S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FA - Anticholinergics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents Scopolamine hydrobromide appears as colorless crystals or white powder or solid. Has no odor. pH (of 5\\% solution): 4-5.5. Slightly efflorescent in dry air. Bitter, acrid taste. (NTP, 1992) Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid that is the (S)-tropic acid ester of 6beta,7beta-epoxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropan-3alpha-ol. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an antiemetic, an adjuvant, a mydriatic agent, an antispasmodic drug, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an antidepressant and a metabolite. It is a propanoate ester, an epoxide, a tertiary amino compound and a tropane alkaloid. It is functionally related to a (S)-tropic acid. It is a conjugate base of a scopolamine(1+). Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid isolated from members of the Solanaceae family of plants, similar to [atropine] and [hyoscyamine], all of which structurally mimic the natural neurotransmitter [acetylcholine]. Scopolamine was first synthesized in 1959, but to date, synthesis remains less efficient than extracting scopolamine from plants. As an acetylcholine analogue, scopolamine can antagonize muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the central nervous system and throughout the body, inducing several therapeutic and adverse effects related to alteration of parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic signalling. Due to its dose-dependent adverse effects, scopolamine was the first drug to be offered commercially as a transdermal delivery system, Scopoderm TTS®, in 1981. As a result of its anticholinergic effects, scopolamine is being investigated for diverse therapeutic applications; currently, it is approved for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and surgical procedures. Scopolamine was first approved by the FDA on December 31, 1979, and is currently available as both oral tablets and a transdermal delivery system. Scopolamine is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of scopolamine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist. Hyoscine is a natural product found in Duboisia leichhardtii, Duboisia myoporoides, and other organisms with data available. Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting. An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic. A tropane alkaloid that is the (S)-tropic acid ester of 6beta,7beta-epoxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropan-3alpha-ol. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses > C29706 - Mydriatic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1149; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5225; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5222 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1149; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5230; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5228 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1149; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5252; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5251 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1149; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5243; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5241 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1149; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5254; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5252 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2318 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.290 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.274 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.276

Agrochelin

C23H34N2O4S2 (466.19598840000003)

A member of the class thiazolidines that is (3S)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl]propanoic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxy-6-pentylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A cytotoxic antibiotic, it is produced by the fermentation of Agrobacterium.

Astaxanthin

C40H52O4 (596.3865392)

Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant C2140 - Adjuvant

Oroxylin A

C16H12O5 (284.0684702)

Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects. Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects. Oroxylin A inhibits the IL-6/STAT3 pathway and NF-κB signaling, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Oroxylin A inhibits colitis-related carcinogenesis[1][2][3][4][5]. Oroxylin A is an active flavonoid compound with strong anti-cancer effects.

Tenaxin I

C18H16O7 (344.0895986)

Norwogonin

C15H10O5 (270.052821)

Norwogonin is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. Norwogonin is a natural product found in Scutellaria discolor, Scutellaria strigillosa, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8. Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1] Norwogonin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an IC50 of 31.83 μg/ml[1]

Rhodopin

C40H58O (554.4487418)

A carotenol having the structure of 1,2-dihydro-psi,psi-carotene with a hydroxy function at C-1. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851252)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. It is formed from phytoene in a desaturation reaction leading to the formation of five conjugated double bonds. In the following step, addition of carbon-carbon conjugated double bonds leads to the formation of z-carotene and appearance of visible color.; Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytofluene is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, yellow bell pepper, caraway, and pepper (c. annuum).

Gibberellin A1

C19H24O6 (348.1572804)

Gibberellin A1 is a C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lactone, a gibberellin monocarboxylic acid and a C19-gibberellin. It is a conjugate acid of a gibberellin A1(1-). Gibberellin A1 is a natural product found in Thlaspi arvense, Populus candicans, and other organisms with data available. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D005875 - Gibberellins A C19-gibberellin, initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellin a1, also known as ga1, is a member of the class of compounds known as c19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids are c19-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Thus, gibberellin a1 is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Gibberellin a1 is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin a1 can be found in a number of food items such as elderberry, enokitake, black salsify, and new zealand spinach, which makes gibberellin a1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Tropine

C8H15NO (141.115358)

A derivative of tropane having a hydroxy group at the 3-position. Tropine is a derivative of tropane having a hydroxy group at the 3-position. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a tropinium. Tropine is a natural product found in Datura stramonium with data available. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].

Isofraxidin

C11H10O5 (222.052821)

Annotation level-1 Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2]. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells[1]. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation[2].

Chrysin

C15H10O4 (254.057906)

Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.176 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.177 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.174 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.175 Chrysin is one of the most well known estrogen blockers. Chrysin is one of the most well known estrogen blockers.

Ellagic Acid

C14H6O8 (302.0062676)

Origin: Plant, Ellagic acids, Benzopyranoids, Pyrans Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.

β-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Pyridoxine

C8H11NO3 (169.0738896)

A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Catechol

C15H14O6 (290.0790344)

Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Alizarin

C14H8O4 (240.0422568)

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Hyoscyamine

C17H23NO3 (289.1677848)

(S)-atropine is an atropine with a 2S-configuration. It is functionally related to a (S)-tropic acid. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-atropinium. Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of [atropine]. It is commonly extracted from plants in the Solanaceae or nightshade family. Research into the action of hyoscyamine in published literature dates back to 1826. Hyoscyamine is used for a wide variety of treatments and therapeutics due to its antimuscarinic properties. Although hyoscyamine is marketed in the United States, it is not FDA approved. Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. L-Hyoscyamine is a natural product found in Datura ferox, Crenidium spinescens, and other organisms with data available. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility. The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents An atropine with a 2S-configuration. Annotation level-1 L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2]. L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].

Lycopene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Lycopene, also known as all-trans-lycopene or e160d, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, lycopene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Lycopene can be found in a number of food items such as american butterfish, babassu palm, scup, and condensed milk, which makes lycopene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Lycopene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk, as well as throughout most human tissues. Moreover, lycopene is found to be associated with endometrial cancer. In plants, algae, and other photosynthetic organisms, lycopene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many carotenoids, including beta-carotene, which is responsible for yellow, orange, or red pigmentation, photosynthesis, and photoprotection. Like all carotenoids, lycopene is a tetraterpene. It is insoluble in water. Eleven conjugated double bonds give lycopene its deep red color. Owing to the strong color, lycopene is a useful as a food coloring (registered as E160d) and is approved for use in the USA, Australia and New Zealand (registered as 160d) and the European Union . D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Purpurin

C14H8O5 (256.0371718)

D004396 - Coloring Agents Origin: Plant, Organic chemicals, Polycyclic compounds, Anthracenes Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1]. Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1].

(-)-limonene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1]. (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. (-)-Limonene can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect[1].

2-Decenoic acid

C10H18O2 (170.1306728)

A decenoic acid having its double bond in position 2.

Adonixanthin 3-glucoside

C46H64O8 (744.4600944)

4-Ketonostoxanthin

C40H54O5 (614.3971034)

Pseudotropine

C8H15NO (141.115358)

Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2]. Tropine is a secondary metabolite of Solanaceae plants, is an anticholinergic agent[1]. Tropine is a common intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine[2].

Pectachol

C26H34O6 (442.2355264)

4-b-Laminaribiosylglucose

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

Isopanose

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

Scorzoside

C21H30O8 (410.194058)

spinasterol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

Neurosporene

C40H58 (538.4538268)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Spirilloxanthin

C42H60O2 (596.459306)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Phytoene

C40H64 (544.5007744)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

canthaxanthin

C40H52O2 (564.3967092)

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Rhodoquinone

C58H89NO3 (847.6842084)

(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one

C8H13NO (139.0997088)

GALOP

C7H6O5 (170.0215226)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

Polydextrose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

Polydextrose is a food ingredient classified as soluble fiber and is frequently used to increase the non-dietary fiber content of food, replace sugar, reduce calories and reduce fat content. It is a multi-purpose food ingredient synthesized from dextrose, plus about 10 percent sorbitol and 1 percent citric acid. Its E number is E1200. The US FDA approved it in 1981. [Wikipedia]. Polydextrose is found in many foods, some of which are tinda, garden rhubarb, white cabbage, and natal plum.

(-)-α-Pinene

C10H16 (136.1251936)

alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].

(Z)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime

C10H10N2O (174.079309)

Spinasterol

C29H48O (412.3704958)

Alpha-Spinasterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. alpha-Spinasterol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Benincasa hispida, and other organisms with data available. See also: Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of). α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2]. α-Spinasterol, isolated from Melandrium firmum, has antibacterial activity[1]. α-Spinasterol is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. α-Spinasterol inhibits COX-1 andCOX-2 activities with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively[2].

pyrroloquinoline quinone

C14H6N2O8 (330.0124156)

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function[1][2].

Indole-3-lactic Acid

C11H11NO3 (205.0738896)

Indolelactic acid (Indole-3-lactic acid) is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures. Indolelactic acid has anti-inflammation and potential anti-viral activity[1][3][4].

(7R)-7-(5-carboxy-5-oxopentanamido)cephalosporanate(2-)

C16H16N2O9S (412.0576486)

Dicarboxylate anion of (7R)-7-(5-carboxy-5-oxopentanamido)cephalosporanate acid.

Danielone

C10H12O5 (212.06847019999998)

An aromatic ketone that is 2-hydroxy-1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It is a phytoalexin isolated from the papaya fruit and exhibits antifungal activity.

N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylidene]hydroxylamine

C10H10N2O (174.079309)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-decaene

C40H62 (542.4851252)

Tropinone

C8H13NO (139.0997088)

all-trans-phytofluene

C40H62 (542.4851252)

The all-trans-isomer of phytofluene.

trans-2-decenoic acid

C10H18O2 (170.1306728)

A 2-decenoic acid having its double bond in the trans configuration. It is an intermediate metabolite in the fatty acid synthesis.

1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

5-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-8-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one

C21H28O9 (424.17332380000005)

α-cellobiose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H62O9 (758.4393602)

7,11,15,19-tetramethyl-2-[(1e,3e,5e,7e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,11-pentaen-1-yl]icosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,18-octaenal

C40H54O (550.4174434)

3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3h,3ah,4h,5h,8h,9h,11ah-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde

C21H30O9 (426.18897300000003)

(6s)-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(4s)-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H62O9 (758.4393602)

(1r,2s)-2-{[(2r,2'r,3r,3's)-3'-[(1r)-1-hydroxybutyl]-[2,2'-bioxiran]-3-yl]methyl}cyclopropan-1-ol

C12H20O4 (228.136152)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C34H28O22 (788.1072188)

3,15,22-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(24),2,6,8,10,16,20,22-octaen-13-yl acetate

C28H37NO6 (483.26207420000003)

(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-4-ethoxy-2-{[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-2-[(2r)-2-ethoxy-3-methoxypropoxy]-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C26H50O13 (570.3251250000001)

1,1'-dihydroxylycopene

C40H60O2 (572.459306)

n-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-1,4,5,6-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-2-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]hexan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C18H28N2O10 (432.1743868)

3-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H64O7 (728.4651793999999)

5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C34H28O22 (788.1072188)

(2r,3r,4s,5s)-2-(6-{[(2z)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl]amino}purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C15H21N5O5 (351.15426160000004)

(2s)-2-({[(1r,8s,11r,16r,19s)-16-{[(2s)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-({[5-hydroxy-2-(isopropoxycarbonyl)-3h-imidazol-4-yl](sulfanyl)methylidene}amino)ethylidene]amino}propylidene]amino}-4,9,17-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-19-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-20-oxo-6-sulfanyl-13,14-dithia-3,7,10,18,21,25-hexaazatricyclo[19.2.1.1²,⁵]pentacosa-2(25),4,6,9,17-pentaen-11-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid

C44H58N12O15S5 (1154.2747998)

24-{[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(octadec-11-enoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-24-oxotetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22-undecaenoic acid

C54H78O10 (886.5594688)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C36H62O31 (990.3274902)

(2s)-2-{[3-carboxy-3-({[(1s)-1-carboxy-5-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]pentyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-6-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]hexanoic acid

C38H64N4O13 (784.4469654)

(4e,6e,8e,10e,12z,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e,28e)-2,31-dimethoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaene

C42H60O2 (596.459306)

2-[(1-{[3,4-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,4,5,6-tetramethoxyhexan-3-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C39H74O21 (878.4722354)

(2r,9r,12r,19r,22r,29r)-9,19,29-triamino-5,15,25-trihydroxy-2,12,22-trimethyl-1,11,21-trioxa-5,15,25-triazacyclotriacontane-4,10,14,20,24,30-hexone

C27H48N6O12 (648.3330048)

3-hydroxy-3-{2-[2-(2-hydroxy-6-pentylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid

C23H34N2O4S2 (466.19598840000003)

(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

(3s,5s)-5-{hydroxy[(2s,3s)-3-[(1r)-1-hydroxybutyl]oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-3-methyloxolan-2-one

C12H20O5 (244.13106700000003)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-6-{[(2s,4r,5r,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methoxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C26H42O24 (738.2065932)

(3s,3as,9r,11as)-3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3h,3ah,4h,5h,8h,9h,11ah-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde

C21H30O9 (426.18897300000003)

(3s,5s)-5-[(2s,3s,4r)-2-chloro-1,3,4-trihydroxyheptyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one

C12H21ClO5 (280.1077446)

methyl 3-(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,21-tetrahydroxy-25-methoxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C33H50O10 (606.34038)

(1r,2r)-2-[(2z)-non-2-en-1-yl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

C13H22O2 (210.1619712)

2-[(3s,5ar,5br,10r,11as,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,10,11a,13b-heptamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]propan-2-ol

C31H54O (442.41744339999997)

n-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)tetradeca-2,7-dienimidic acid

C18H29NO3 (307.2147324)

(2s,3r)-n-{[(2s,4s)-5-[6-({[(3r,4r,5s)-5-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}amino)purin-9-yl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylpentanimidic acid

C22H36N6O16P2 (702.1662956)

(6e,8e,10e,12z,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-undecaene-2,31-diol

C40H60O2 (572.459306)

(3s,3as,5r,6ar,8s,9ar,9bs)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-8-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-octahydro-3h-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one

C21H30O9 (426.18897300000003)

4-{[4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-(2-ethoxy-3-methoxypropoxy)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C26H50O13 (570.3251250000001)

2-{3a,5a,5b,8,8,9,11a,13b-octamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl}propan-1-ol

C32H56O (456.4330926)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-octaen-2-ol

C40H66O (562.5113386)

6-[({5-[(5-{[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)methyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C30H52O26 (828.2746692000001)

4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol

C40H56O3 (584.4229226)

(6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e,28z)-31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-dodecaen-2-ol

C41H60O2 (584.459306)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-undecaene

C40H60 (540.469476)

3,4,5-trimethoxy-2-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethoxyhexyl)oxy]-6-({[3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-({[3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane

C39H74O21 (878.4722354)

5-(8-oxotetradecyl)oxolan-2-one

C18H32O3 (296.2351322)

2-hydroxy-3-{[3-(n-hydroxydec-2-enamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-({[3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)propanoic acid

C24H42N4O9 (530.2951642)

methyl 16-methyl-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,18-heptaene-19-carboxylate

C21H20N2O3 (348.147385)

2-hydroxy-3-({3-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]propyl}-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-2-({[3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)propanoic acid

C24H42N4O9 (530.2951642)

2-[({16-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-({[5-hydroxy-2-(isopropoxycarbonyl)-3h-imidazol-4-yl](sulfanyl)methylidene}amino)ethylidene]amino}propylidene)amino]-4,9,17-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-19-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-20-oxo-6-sulfanyl-13,14-dithia-3,7,10,18,21,25-hexaazatricyclo[19.2.1.1²,⁵]pentacosa-2(25),4,6,9,17-pentaen-11-yl}(hydroxy)methylidene)amino]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid

C44H58N12O15S5 (1154.2747998)

[(3r,4r)-3-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl]oxy([(2r,3s,4r,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-4-iminopyrimidin-1-yl)-3-{[(3r,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-2-yl]methoxy)phosphinic acid

C20H29N4O16P (612.1316124)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaen-2-ol

C40H64O (560.4956894)

(2s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C14H24O13 (400.1216854)

2-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxychromen-4-one

C18H16O8 (360.0845136)

n-{3-[n-(4-{[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}butyl)-1-[(4s,5r)-2-[(1z)-5-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]formamido]propyl}-2,3-dihydroxybenzenecarboximidic acid

C32H36N4O10 (636.2431316)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-5-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C30H52O26 (828.2746692000001)

7-{[(1r,4ar,6s,8as)-6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-6,8-dimethoxychromen-2-one

C26H34O6 (442.2355264)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaen-2-ol

C41H58O2 (582.4436568)

1-methyl-2-[2-(1-methyl-3-oxopiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]piperidin-3-one

C14H24N2O2 (252.1837684)

(1r,2s)-2-{[(2r,2'r,3r,3's)-3'-[(1r)-1-hydroxybutyl]-[2,2'-bioxiran]-3-yl]methyl}cyclopropyl formate

C13H20O5 (256.13106700000003)

3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C41H32O26 (940.1181772)

(6r)-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O2 (566.4123584)

(4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e)-7,11,15,19-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaen-1-yl)icosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,18-octaenal

C40H54O (550.4174434)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C20H20O14 (484.085302)

(5r,6s)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O3 (582.4072734)

(2s,3r,4r,7r)-7-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]-1-{[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octane-2,3,4-triol

C41H73NO8 (707.5335898)

(3s,5s)-5-[(2s,3r,4r)-3-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one

C12H21ClO5 (280.1077446)

(6e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,22e,26e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaen-2-ol

C40H64O (560.4956894)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

6-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,5-dihydroxy-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C14H24O13 (400.1216854)

(5r,6s)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5z,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O4 (596.3865392)

(2s,3r,4r,7r)-7-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]octane-1,2,3,4-tetrol

C35H62O4 (546.4647851999999)

(2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e)-7,11,15,19-tetramethyl-2-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaen-1-yl]icosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,18-octaenal

C40H54O (550.4174434)

(2z,8z)-n-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)tetradeca-2,8-dienimidic acid

C18H29NO3 (307.2147324)

n-[(2r,9r,12r,19r,22r,29r)-5,15,25-trihydroxy-19,29-bis[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-2,12,22-trimethyl-4,10,14,20,24,30-hexaoxo-1,11,21-trioxa-5,15,25-triazacyclotriacontan-9-yl]ethanimidic acid

C33H54N6O15 (774.3646974)

(5z)-3-methyldodec-5-enoic acid

C13H24O2 (212.1776204)

(2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e)-7,11,15,19-tetramethyl-2-[(1e,3e,5e,7e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,11-pentaen-1-yl]icosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,18-octaenal

C40H54O (550.4174434)

4-amino-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3,6-diol

C5H5N5O2 (167.04432300000002)

3-[18-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O6 (628.3763692)

3,6-dimethyl-9-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3h,3ah,4h,5h,9ah,9bh-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione

C21H28O9 (424.17332380000005)

(5r,6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O5 (614.3971034)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one

C15H10O5 (270.052821)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C41H32O26 (940.1181772)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dodecaen-2-ol

C40H58O (554.4487418)

(2s)-1-methyl-2-{2-[(2r)-1-methyl-3-oxopiperidin-2-yl]ethyl}piperidin-3-one

C14H24N2O2 (252.1837684)

2-[(2-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C24H42O21 (666.2218482000001)

(3r,3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-3-isopropyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol

C31H54O (442.41744339999997)

9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3h,3ah,4h,5h,9ah,9bh-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione

C15H18O4 (262.1205028)

6-[(2-carboxy-6-{1-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-2-hydroxyethyl}-2,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C20H30O20 (590.1330379999999)

6-hydroxy-4-[5-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-methylideneoxolan-2-yl)-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3h-pyridin-2-one

C15H21NO7 (327.13179560000003)

methyl (3r,11z,12r,21s,22s)-16-acetyl-11-ethylidene-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-(3-oxo-3-{[(2e,7r,11r)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]oxy}propyl)-7,23,24,25-tetraazahexacyclo[18.2.1.1⁵,⁸.1¹⁰,¹³.1¹⁵,¹⁸.0²,⁶]hexacosa-1,5,8(26),9,13(25),14,16,18,20(23)-nonaene-3-carboxylate

C55H74N4O6 (886.5608064)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaen-2-ol

C40H56O (552.4330926)

1-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,5h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

(6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e)-2,31-dimethoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-undecaene

C42H64O2 (600.4906043999999)

3,4,5,6-tetradehydroajmalicine

C21H20N2O3 (348.147385)

(3as,5r,6ar,8s,9ar,9bs)-5-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-8-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one

C21H28O9 (424.17332380000005)

methyl (1s,2s,3s,4r,5r,8r,13s,14s,17s,18r,20r,21r,22r,25s)-3,21-bis(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,25-tetrahydroxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C34H50O11 (634.335295)

(1r,2r)-3,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

methyl 11-methyloctadec-11-enoate

C20H38O2 (310.28716479999997)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-[(1s)-1-[(2s,3r,4r,6s)-6-carboxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,6-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C20H30O20 (590.1330379999999)

(1s,3r,5s,6r)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl (2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

C17H23NO4 (305.1626998)

3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O5 (614.3971034)

6-hydroxy-4-[(5r,6s)-5-hydroxy-6-[(2r,3r)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3h-pyridin-2-one

C15H21NO7 (327.13179560000003)

(2s,3r,5r)-2-{1-hydroxy-2-[(1s,2r)-2-hydroxycyclopropyl]ethyl}-5-propyloxolan-3-ol

C12H22O4 (230.1518012)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C24H42O21 (666.2218482000001)

(5s,6r)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O5 (614.3971034)

5-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-8-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-octahydro-3h-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one

C21H30O9 (426.18897300000003)

(2r,9s,12r,19s,22r,29s)-9,19,29-triamino-5,15,25-trihydroxy-2,12,22-trimethyl-1,11,21-trioxa-5,15,25-triazacyclotriacontane-4,10,14,20,24,30-hexone

C27H48N6O12 (648.3330048)

(5s)-5-(8-oxotetradecyl)oxolan-2-one

C18H32O3 (296.2351322)

3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

C20H20O14 (484.085302)

(5s,6r)-5,6-dihydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(5r)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O4 (598.4021884)

3-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H64O8 (744.4600944)

(5r,6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4s,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O6 (628.3763692)

methyl (1s,2s,3s,4r,5r,8r,13s,14s,17s,18r,20r,21r,22r,25s)-3-(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,21-tetrahydroxy-25-methoxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C33H50O10 (606.34038)

31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-dodecaene

C41H60O (568.464391)

2-(24-methoxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaen-1-yl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene

C41H58O (566.4487418)

2-{[3-({3-[(3-{[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C36H62O31 (990.3274902)

doradexanthin

C40H54O3 (582.4072734)

4-[(9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

2-({3-carboxy-3-[({1-carboxy-5-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]pentyl}-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)methyl]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene}amino)-6-[(2e)-n-hydroxyoct-2-enamido]hexanoic acid

C36H60N4O13 (756.415667)

31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-dodecaen-2-ol

C41H60O2 (584.459306)

(1s,2r)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(5r)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol

C40H56O3 (584.4229226)

(6s)-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(4s)-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H62O9 (758.4393602)

(2r)-2-[(3r,3ar,5ar,5br,7as,9r,11as,11br,13ar,13br)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,9,11a,13b-octamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]propan-1-ol

C32H56O (456.4330926)

6-hydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O3 (582.4072734)

(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethoxyhexyl]oxy}-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane

C39H74O21 (878.4722354)

(2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-2-{[(2s,3s)-3,4-diethoxy-1-methoxybutan-2-yl]oxy}-4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C20H40O9 (424.26721900000007)

4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-9-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3ah,4h,5h,9ah,9bh-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione

C21H26O10 (438.15258960000006)

(1r,2r)-2-[(2z)-non-2-en-1-yl]cyclopropan-1-ol

C12H22O (182.1670562)

(1r,3s,5r,6s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl (2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

C17H23NO4 (305.1626998)

3-isopropyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol

C31H54O (442.41744339999997)

6-[(6-{[2-carboxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl)methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C26H42O24 (738.2065932)

24-{[3-(hexadec-9-enoyloxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-24-oxotetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22-undecaenoic acid

C52H74O10 (858.5281704)

n-[(2s)-1-oxo-1-{[(5r,6e,8e,10e,13s,14r,15r,16z)-3,15,22-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(24),2,6,8,10,16,20,22-octaen-13-yl]oxy}propan-2-yl]ethanimidic acid

C31H42N2O7 (554.2991862)

(5r,6e,8e,10e,13s,14r,15r,16z)-3,15,22-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(24),2,6,8,10,16,20,22-octaen-13-yl acetate

C28H37NO6 (483.26207420000003)

(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-10,14,18,22-tetramethyl-5-[(1e,3e,5e,7e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,11-pentaen-1-yl]tricosa-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,21-nonaen-2-one

C43H58O (590.4487418)

(s)-cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

9,19,29-triamino-5,15,25-trihydroxy-2,12,22-trimethyl-1,11,21-trioxa-5,15,25-triazacyclotriacontane-4,10,14,20,24,30-hexone

C27H48N6O12 (648.3330048)

galactose-α-1,3-galactose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

(6s)-6-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1z,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O3 (580.3916242)

3-[18-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O5 (614.3971034)

4-(2-carboxyethyl)-3h,5h,6h,7h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid

C11H13N3O6 (283.08043180000004)

(2z,7z)-n-[(3s)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]tetradeca-2,7-dienimidic acid

C18H29NO3 (307.2147324)

(7z)-n-[(3s)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]tetradec-7-enimidic acid

C18H31NO3 (309.2303816)

(6e,10e,14e,16e,18e,22e,26e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-octaen-2-ol

C40H66O (562.5113386)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5s)-1-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-5-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,4,5,6-tetramethoxyhexan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C39H74O21 (878.4722354)

(2s)-2-{[3-carboxy-3-({[(1s)-1-carboxy-5-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]pentyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-6-(n-hydroxyoctanamido)hexanoic acid

C36H62N4O13 (758.4313162)

(5s,9ar)-7-oxo-1h,4h,5h,8h,9h-imidazo[4,5-g]indolizine-5,9a-dicarboxylic acid

C11H11N3O5 (265.0698676)

31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaene

C41H58O (566.4487418)

n-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)tetradeca-2,8-dienimidic acid

C18H29NO3 (307.2147324)

2-[(3,4-diethoxy-1-methoxybutan-2-yl)oxy]-4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane

C20H40O9 (424.26721900000007)

(6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,22e,26e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-undecaene

C40H60 (540.469476)

(5r,6s)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H52O4 (596.3865392)

methyl 3,21-bis(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,25-tetrahydroxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C34H50O11 (634.335295)

(2s,3r,4r,7s)-7-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]-1-aminooctane-2,3,4-triol

C35H63NO3 (545.4807688000001)

2,31-dimethoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-undecaene

C42H64O2 (600.4906043999999)

6-{[(5-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C24H42O21 (666.2218482000001)

(3s,5s)-5-[(1e,3s,4r)-3,4-dihydroxyhept-1-en-1-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one

C12H20O4 (228.136152)

2-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e,19e,21e)-24-methoxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaen-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene

C41H58O (566.4487418)

4-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C20H34O18 (562.1745064)

10,14,18,22-tetramethyl-5-[(1e,3e,5e,7e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,5,7,11-pentaen-1-yl]tricosa-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,21-nonaen-2-one

C43H58O (590.4487418)

9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3ah,4h,5h,9ah,9bh-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione

C15H16O4 (260.1048536)

(3s,3as,5r,6ar,9ar,9bs)-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-5-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-octahydro-3h-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one

C21H30O8 (410.194058)

7-oxo-1h,4h,5h,8h,9h-imidazo[4,5-g]indolizine-5,9a-dicarboxylic acid

C11H11N3O5 (265.0698676)

6-hydroxy-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-methylideneoxolan-2-yl)-3-methoxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-3h-pyridin-2-one

C15H23NO6 (313.1525298)

(6s)-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C46H64O8 (744.4600944)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C24H42O21 (666.2218482000001)

2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,26,30-undecaen-2-ol

C40H60O (556.464391)

(2r)-2-hydroxy-3-({3-[(2e)-n-hydroxydec-2-enamido]propyl}-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-2-({[3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)propanoic acid

C24H42N4O9 (530.2951642)

3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O (552.4330926)

(2s)-6-[(3-carboxy-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene)amino]-2-({2-[(1-carboxyethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)hexanoic acid

C15H27N3O8 (377.1798062)

(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2-(6-{[(2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl]amino}-2-(methylsulfanyl)purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C16H23N5O5S (397.14198280000005)

n-[1,4,5,6-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-2-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]hexan-3-yl]ethanimidic acid

C18H28N2O10 (432.1743868)

(2s,4r,5r,6r)-4-{[(2s,3s,4r,5s,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C20H34O18 (562.1745064)

(1s,2s)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4s,5s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

[(4ar,6r,7r,8r,8ar)-7,8-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-4ah,6h,7h,8h,8ah-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-3-yl](imino)acetic acid

C12H18N2O7 (302.11139579999997)

6-[(3-carboxy-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene)amino]-2-({2-[(1-carboxyethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)hexanoic acid

C15H27N3O8 (377.1798062)

methyl 3-(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,21,25-pentahydroxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C32H48O10 (592.3247308)

methyl (1s,2s,3s,4r,5r,8r,13s,14s,17s,18r,20r,21r,22r,25s)-3-(acetyloxy)-2,13,20,21,25-pentahydroxy-5,8,22-trimethyl-11-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.3.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]pentacosane-14-carboxylate

C32H48O10 (592.3247308)

n-[1-oxo-1-({3,15,22-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(24),2,6,8,10,16,20,22-octaen-13-yl}oxy)propan-2-yl]ethanimidic acid

C31H42N2O7 (554.2991862)

n-{3-[n-(4-{[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}butyl)-1-[(4s,5r)-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-4-yl]formamido]propyl}-2,3-dihydroxybenzenecarboximidic acid

C32H36N4O10 (636.2431316)

(2s,3r)-n-{[(2s,4s,5r)-5-[6-({[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-5-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}amino)purin-9-yl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylpentanimidic acid

C22H36N6O16P2 (702.1662956)

(3ar,4s,9as,9br)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-9-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3ah,4h,5h,9ah,9bh-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione

C21H26O10 (438.15258960000006)

5,6-dihydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e)-18-(5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

C40H54O4 (598.4021884)

(carboxyoxy)({6-[(5,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl)oxy]-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-2-yl})methanone

C23H36O18 (600.1901556)